text:
Would you like a computer built into your wristwatch? How about camouflage uniforms that change with their surroundings? Perhaps holiday-light displays that flash changing messages might be nice? These are just a few of the elastic, light-weight electronic devices physicists at The University of Texas at Dallas are developing by weaving organic light-emitting displays (OLEDs) into textiles and clothing.
Soon a person may reach into his or her pocket, pull out a handkerchief-like piece of plastic material, unfurl it to four times its size and place it on a wall to make electronic media presentations.
The woven display might project Powerpoint presentations, websites, maps or other electronic media. It would be reusable – easily updated with fresh data at the possessor's whim.
Fourth-year physics doctoral candidate Chris Williams conducts research on OLEDs. He said such devices right now are among the most commercially promising applications to come from the intersection of physics, chemistry, engineering, and nanotechnology.
Polymers, diodes and chips, oh my!
A diode is an electronic device that has two electrodes or terminals and is used to convert alternating electric current into direct current, depending on which way the voltage is biased or supplied.
Most work in organic LEDs stems from discoveries by Dr. Alan G. MacDiarmid, the Nobel Prize-winning professor here at UTD who created the prototype conducting polymer in 1977, as well as work done by scientists at Eastman-Kodak in the early Eighties.
Polymers are long chains of carbon atoms with side groups typically composed of hydrogen, oxygen or nitrogen. Side groups containing other elements are also possible, but less common, Chris said.
"For a polymer to be able to conduct electric current, it must consist alternately of singe and double bonds between the carbon atoms. It must also be 'doped,' meaning electrons are removed (through oxidation) or introduced (through reduction). These 'holes' or extra electrons can move current along the molecule – it becomes electrically conductive," a press release on MacDiarmid's contribution to science said.
Chris added, "So although they are plastic – most people don't think of plastic as being conductive – these materials are. Certain plastics and certain polymers can carry current and also emit light."
The physicist's contribution involves analyzing the materials and understanding their properties and mechanics – how they behave and function – to determine ways to maximize efficiency.
Physicists devise simple layered structures of metals and organic materials that can be placed on plastic substrates, creating a flexible, low-cost alternative to liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
Making deposits
Simple, low-temperature deposition methods – spin casting, vacuum evaporation, and sublimation, physical vapor deposition – make processing OLEDs commercially attractive when compared with LCDs, Chris said.
"With the polymeric materials, I dissolve dry polymer in a suitable solvent. I then take a substrate – either glass or plastic – and put it on a motorized plate. The plate pulls vacuum on the substrate to hold it in place and then begins to rotate. I take a dropper and drop some of the solution onto the substrate and the solution spreads out and makes a nice thin uniform film.
"With small molecules, I put them into a tungsten boat inside a vacuum chamber and apply voltage across the boat. It's resistively heated like a light bulb filament. The material, which is in a powder form, heats up and evaporates within the vacuum. I place the substrate above it so that some of that evaporated material accumulates on the substrate," Chris said.
The Clean Room and other neat facilities
Chris' work takes place in the lab in Berkner Hall, the NanoTech Institute, and the Clean Room in the Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science.
"The Clean Room itself has everything you can think of – characterization equipment, deposition equipment, vacuum chambers, photo and electron-beam lithography. Just about any semiconductor process can be done in the Clean Room," Chris said.
He had nothing but praise for his work environment.
"The facilities here – the NanoTech facilities in particular – are top notch. The machine I work on is a state-of-the-art deposition system. It actually consists of two vacuum chambers – one for organic deposition and one for metal materials. Each one is enclosed in its own glove box purged with argon so that the chamber opens up and is vented from the glove box.
"The devices and materials are prevented from being exposed to oxygen and moisture. We can take the devices out, package them, seal them up and never expose them to atmosphere. That alone helps us to eliminate the degradation of devices and eliminates problems associated with atmospheric exposure," Chris said.
Prior to UTD
Chris did his undergraduate work at Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg, where he majored in materials science and engineering.
"In my first summer job at Virginia Tech, I was doing what I am doing now, research on organic light-emitting diodes. I got my start working on that and working on a vacuum system – one a little more primitive than the one I'm working on now. But nonetheless it gave me a background in vacuum science, which has been very valuable," he said.
A Virginia Tech professor helped Chris get a job working for Dr. Anvar Zakhidov, professor of physics at UTD. At the time, Zakhidov was at Honeywell International, which is headquartered in Morristown, New Jersey.
"My professor was interested in having me go up there for the summer between my sophomore and junior years to work on organic light-emitting diodes," Chris said.
Falling in with Zakhidov and meeting Baughman
When Chris graduated, he had some decisions to make.
"I was looking to either stay where I was in Blacksburg, working as a grad student, or to explore other options.
"Around that time I learned that Dr. Zakhidov, along with Dr. Ray Baughman, had left Honeywell, and were starting a nanotech research facility at UTD. I was very interested in that and got in contact with Dr. Zakhidov. He said they'd be working on OLEDs and that I should join them. And so I did.
"That following January, just three weeks after I graduated, I started here as a student. It's been great. I picked the right place," Chris said.
"I think UTD is great, especially now," Chris said. "I guarantee that the carbon nanotube sheets that were recently developed are not going to be the last big discovery made here. In another year, maybe less, I'm sure there will be another round of interviews for Drs. Ray Baughman and Anvar Zakhidov related to something new. There are some big things going on here."
Getting published
Because of Chris' work with OLEDs and carbon nanotube sheets, he's recently received some media attention. He has been interviewed and taped by The Associated Press concerning his research. And Chris hit another milestone last year: his first journal publication.
"I have authored my first publication recently in the Journal of Luminescence. The work was related to effects of organic dopants on the luminescence of OLED structures. We use these dopant materials to increase the conductivity of the organic layers.
"We seek higher efficiency devices with lower turn-on voltage, but we've found that the presence of these dopants in some cases can negatively effect the emission of the materials by quenching. We wanted to understand what's going on in those cases," Chris said.
Chris said that his work can often lead to more questions than answers.
"We want to do a second paper to study the effects of dopants on both electro luminescence and photo luminescence. That's hopefully going to be published in Advanced Materials, a journal of materials science.
"We also are going to do a follow-up paper related to an article in Science about the carbon nanotube sheets. I built the structures – the polymeric LEDs – on top of these carbon nanotube sheets.
"We are going to do another paper that's going to involve both small molecule and polymeric devices. We're going to look at the injection properties and study more of the physics of what's going on as far as charge injection and emission," Chris said.
A bright and luminous future
When asked about his aspirations beyond UTD, Chris wasted no time.
"I want to go to work for a company. I want to go into industrial research, either for a small startup firm or a large established company. I'm wide open to the possibilities. Eventually, I'd like to wind up back in academia as a professor at some point and teach.
- Updated: October 12, 2011


text:
Korean shamanism
Korean shamanism | |
Hangul | 무 |
Hanja | 巫 |
Revised Romanization | Mu |
McCune–Reischauer | Mu |
Korean shamanism, today known as Muism (Mugyo, "religion of the Mu")[1][2] or sometimes Sinism (Shingyo, "religion of the gods", with shin being the Korean character derivative of the Hanja),[3] encompasses a variety of indigenous religious beliefs and practices of the Korean people and the Korean sphere.[4] In contemporary South Korea, the most used term is Muism and a shaman is known as a mudang (무당, 巫堂) or Tangol (당골). The role of the mudang, usually a woman, is to act as intermediary between a spirit entity, spirits or gods and human beings.
Women are enlisted by those who want the help of the spirit world. Shamans hold gut, or services, in order to gain good fortune for clients, cure illnesses by exorcising negative or 'bad' spirits that cling to people, or propitiate local or village gods. Such services are also held to guide the spirit of a deceased person to higher realms.
Koreans, like other East Asians, have traditionally been eclectic rather than exclusive in their religious commitments. Their religious outlook has not been conditioned by a single, exclusive faith, and even though many Koreans converted to Buddhism when it was introduced to the country, the influence of Muism was still strong even among Buddhists. This changed during the long period of Korean history[5] during the later colonial period, when Christian missionaries demonised mudang and Muist followers,[6] and since the significant expansion of Christianity in South Korea between the 1960s and the 1990s. However, in 2007 a resurgence of Muism in South Korea was reported, where it is practised by around 8% of the population.[5][6][7] In North Korea roughly 16% of the population is Muist.[8]
Korean shamanism is distinguished by seeking to resolve human problems through a meeting of humanity and the spirits. This can be seen clearly in the various types of gut (굿) that are still widely practiced. Korean shamans are similar in many ways to those found in Siberia, Mongolia, and Manchuria. They also resemble the yuta found on the Ryukyu Islands, in Japan. Jeju Island is also a center of Korean Shamanism.[9] Muism has exerted influence on the basis of some of the Korean new religions, such as Cheondoism.[citation needed]
According to various sociological studies the strong similarity and convergence of native Korean shamanic mythos and the Christian core have favoured the spread of Christianity in South Korea, and even shaped the intimate features of the Korean Christian approach.[10]
Belief in a world inhabited by spirits is probably the oldest form of Korean religious life, dating back to prehistoric times. Shamanism has its roots in ancient, land-based cultures, dating at least as far back as 40,000 years. The shaman was known as "magician, medicine man, mystic and poet" (Eliade, 1974). What set him apart from other healers or priests was his ability to move at will into trance states. During a trance, the shaman's soul left his body and travelled to other realms, where helping spirits guided him in his work. The shaman provided healing on many levels; physical, psychological and spiritual. The work of the shaman was based on the holistic model, which took into consideration, not only the whole person, but the individual's interaction with his environment, both his inner and outer world. The soul is considered the place of life breath, where a human's essence (life energy) resides, and any physical illness is inextricably linked with sickness of the soul. Illness of the mind has its origins (root cause) in soul loss, intrusion or possession.
There is a rather unorganized pantheon of gods, spirits, and ghosts, ranging from the "god generals" who rule the different aspects of heaven to mountain spirits (sansin). This pantheon also includes gods who inhabit trees, sacred caves, and piles of stones, as well as earth spirits, the tutelary gods of households and villages, mischievous goblins, and the ghosts of deceased individuals that in many cases met violent or tragic ends. These spirits are said to have the power to influence or to change the fortunes of living men and children.
The rites themselves have gone through a number of changes through the Silla and Goryeo periods. Even during the Joseon Dynasty, which was heavily Confucian, shamanistic rites persisted. In the past such shamanic rites included agricultural rites, such as prayers for abundant harvest.
With a shift away from agriculture in modern Korea this has largely been lost, and modern-day mudang are more focused on the fulfillment of the spiritual or mundane needs of urban people.
Place in society[edit]
There is no notion of salvation or moral and spiritual perfection (that aspect of spiritual life ordinarily being the purview of Buddhist practice). The shaman is a professional who is consulted by clients whenever the need is felt. From the Joseon era on, shamans held low social status and were members of the cheonmin (천민) class. This discrimination has continued into modern times.
Animistic beliefs are strongly associated with the culture of agricultural, fishing and the common villages and are primarily a phenomenon found in rural communities. Shamans also treat the ills of city people, however, especially recent migrants from the countryside who find adjustment to an impersonal urban life stressful.
In North Korea, all mudang descendants were labelled as members of the 'hostile class' and are considered to have 'bad songbun', i.e. "tainted blood."[11]
Revival as cultural society[edit]
The government has discouraged belief in shamanism as superstition and for many years minimized its persistence in Korean life. Yet in a climate of growing nationalism and cultural self-confidence, the dances, songs, and incantations that compose the gut have come to be recognized as an important aspect of Korean culture.
Beginning in the 1970s, rituals that formerly had been kept out of foreign view began to resurface, and occasionally even the manager of a Western-style hotel or other executive could even be seen attending a shamanic exorcism in the course of opening a new branch in Seoul. Some of these aspects of gut have been designated valuable cultural properties that need to be preserved and passed on to future generations.
The future of shamanism itself was uncertain in the late 1980s. However, observers believed that many of shamanism's applications would probably be performed by the psychiatric profession as the government expands mental health treatment facilities in the future
Types of mudang[edit]
Mudang can be categorized into two basic archetypes: sessǔmu, who inherit the right to perform the shamanic rituals and kangshinmu, who are initiated into their mudang status through a ceremony. Sessŭmu historically lived in the southern part of the Korean peninsula, while kangshimu were found throughout the peninsula and contiguous areas inhabited by Koreans, but were mostly concentrated in the north (modern-day North Korea) and the contiguous areas of China and the central part of the peninsula around the Han River.[12]
Kangshinmu (강신무; 降神巫)[edit]
Kangshinmu are historically found throughout Korea, but are especially concentrated in the central and northern regions of the peninsula and in the lands contiguous to the northern part of the peninsula. The essential characteristic of the kangshinmu is that the shaman becomes one with a god or spirit as part of her ceremony. There are two types of kangshinmu: one shares its name with the general Korean word for shaman, mudang; the other is called the myǒngdu.[12]
A person becomes a kangshinmu by participating in an initiation ceremony known as a naerim-gut, during which she undergoes a state known as a shinbyeong (神病. The kangshinmu-initiate is said to be possessed by a spirit during the ceremony. The act of possession is said to be accompanied by physical pain and psychosis. Believers would assert that the physical and mental symptoms are not subject to medical treatment, but may only be cured through acceptance of and full communion with the spirit.[13]
A mudang is a type of shaman that has become possessed by a god, called a momju. Mudang perform fortune telling using their spiritual powers derived from their possession. They preside over a gut involving song and dance. A subcategory of this type, called sǒnmudang or posal, are thought to have power through a spiritual experience, but are not considered worthy to preside over an orthodox gut. Certain shamans in this category are male and are called paksu.[14]
Myǒngdu differ from the basic type of mudang in that they receive the spirit of a dead person (usually a young child relative of the Myǒngdu) rather than being possessed by a god. The myǒngdu invites the spirit to a shrine in her dwelling. Myǒngdu are found primarily in the Honam area of Korea.[15]
Seseummu (세습무; 世襲巫)[edit]
Seseummu, found in the area south of the Han River, have their status as shamans passed on through family bloodlines. Two types of mudang are considered seseummu: shimbang and tang'ol.
Shimbang are similar to the kangshimu types of mudang in that the godhead and importance of spirituality are emphasized. However, unlike with kangshimu, the right to conduct ceremonies is hereditary. Moreover, a shimbang differs from a kangshimu in that their bodies are not possessed by spirits or gods during the gut ritual. Rather, the shimbang contacts the god through a medium (mujǒmgu) and does not become one with the god. In addition, the shimbang does not maintain a shrine.[16]
Tang'ol are a type of mudang found mostly in the southernmost areas of the Korean peninsula and especially in the Yeongnam area (Gyeongsang-do) and the Honam area (Jeolla-do). The tang'ol of Honam each had individual districts (tang'olp'an) in which they had the exclusive right to perform certain shamanic ceremonies or gut. The gut performed by the tang'ol involve song and dance that serve to entertain a god or goddess, but there is interaction with or channeling of the god. Both the rights of succession and the ceremonies themselves have been systematized through the years so that they now bear the characteristics of a religious institution. Unlike other types of mudang, tang'ol do not receive a god as part of an initiation ceremony. A tang'ol will not have a shrine in her home and will not generally have a defined belief system in a particular god.[17]
Shinbyeong (spirit sickness)[edit]
The central feature of a shaman's initiation is her affliction with an illness known as a shinbyeong. This is also called the "spirit sickness" or "self-loss" and characterized by a loss of appetite, insomnia, visual and auditory hallucinations. A ritual called a naerim-gut cures this illness, which also serves to induct the new shaman.[18]
The symptoms of a mudang's shinbyeong differ, depending on the mudang's cultural background as well as her surrounding environment. For example, in the most basic, frequent type of shinbyeong, the initiate is afflicted with the characteristic symptoms without apparent cause. The mudang cannot eat and becomes weak physically and psychologically. In another type of shinbyeong, these basic symptoms are preceded by physical illness. In yet another, the shinbyeong is caused by a psychotic episode. In a type of shinbyeong that is relatively rare, the mudang's mental state becomes weakened through external shock. Another rarely occurring type of shinbyeong, called the "dream appearance type", the shinbyeong is triggered by a dream in which the mudang sees a god, spirit, or unusual occurrence, accompanied by a revelation.[19]
The symptoms of the shinbyeong can last a surprisingly long time: an average of 8 years and as many as 30. Most mudang have little appetite during their shinbyeong, some suffer from indigestion and partake only on a limited diet. The body of the mudang becomes weak and is subject to pain and cramping accompanied by bloody stool in some cases. Physical symptoms progress to include mental illness. The initiate has a generally restless mind and is said to experience dreams in which she communicates with gods or spirits. Eventually dreams and reality become blurred and the mudang suffers hallucinations. In some cases, the mental illness becomes so extreme that the mudang leaves home and wanders through mountains and rice fields. The symptoms are said not to be susceptible to normal medical treatment and such treatment is believed to only exacerbate them. Rather, the symptoms are alleviated through the ritual of gangshinje, a type of gut in which the mudang receives her god or spirit.[20]
In the fourth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), published by the American Psychiatric Association,[21] the diagnosis of shinbyeong, or shin-byung, is based on the following criteria:
- anxiety
- somatic complaints (general weakness, dizziness, fear, anorexia, insomnia, gastrointestinal problems)
- subsequent dissociation and possession by ancestral spirits
Religious aspects[edit]
In the tradition of Muism, the shinbyeong is considered a structured religious experience demonstrating the vertical connection between god and humanity and showing that "god in some form exists in human consciousness." It is a form of revelation that causes the shaman to become one with god and, consequently, change her patterns of thought. The shinbyeong is dissociated from reality and enters a higher form of consciousness.[22]
Rituals or gut (굿)[edit]
The gut is a shamanic ritual during which the shaman offers a sacrifice to the spirits. Through singing and dancing the shaman begs the spirits to intervene in the fortunes of the humans in question. The shaman wears a very colourful costume and normally speaks in trance. During a gut a shaman changes his or her costume several times.
There are three elements of a gut. Firstly, there are the spirits as the object of folk beliefs. Secondly, there are the believers who pray to those spirits. Finally, there is the shaman mediating between the two.
The actual form of gut varies between regions. The unfolding and style of the shamanic rite depends largely on the objective of the ceremony. The individual character and abilities of the shaman bring a unique character to the respective ritual to be performed.
The main variations of gut are naerim-gut, dodang-gut and ssitgim-gut and shamans are either of hereditary lineage or spirit-possessed.
Naerim-gut (내림굿)[edit]
This gut is an initiation rite. As part of the rite, someone becomes a shaman by being possessed by a spirit. This ritual causes the shinbyeong a temporary acute psychotic manic episode.[18]
Dodang-gut (도당굿)[edit]
This communal rite is common in central provinces in South Korea. Its aim is to wish for the well-being and prosperity of a particular village or hamlet. This rite is normally held annually or once every few years. It is always held either around the New Year or in spring or autumn. The dodang-gunt is distinguished by giving prominent roles to the female mudang.
Ssitgim-gut (씻김굿)[edit]
This rite is used to cleanse the spirit of a deceased person. Since ancient times there is a Korean belief that when somebody dies, their body cannot enter the world of the dead because of the impurity of their spirit. The ssitgim-gunt washes away this impurity. It is observed mainly in the provinces in the south west of South Korea.
Chaesu-gut (채수굿)[edit]
During the sequential performance of the twelve segments that comprise a typical chaesugut, more than half of the costumes the mansin wears are male. The most interactive and dynamic portions of the gut usually occur during the mansin's possession by the pyolsang (spirits of the other world) and the greedy taegam (the overseer), which require male costumes. This cross-dressing serves several purposes. First, since the mansin is often possessed by both male and female spirits and can thus become an icon of the opposite sex, it is reasonable that she use the attire of both sexes. But in a context in which women are publicly demeaned, where their symbolic value is reduced by strong Confucian ideology, the female mansin's cross-dressing becomes complex and multi-functional.[23]
In semiotic terms, the costume is an icon for the person or the spirit it represents. The mansin in the costume assumes the role of that icon, thereby becoming a female signifying a male; she is a cross-sex icon about 75% of the time during a typical gut. In the context of the gut, the mansin is a sexually liminal being; by signifying a man, she not only has access to the male authority in the Confucian order, she provides the female audience an opportunity to interact with that authority in ways that would, in a public context, be unthinkable. Her performance is often a parody of the male authority figures; she often makes off-color jokes and ribald comments, and argues with the audience.[23]
Regional shaman rites[edit]
The traditional rites are not linked to the Gregorian calendar. They are linked either to a particular event, such as a death, or the lunar calendar.
Name | Purposes | Region |
Hamgyeong-do Manmukgut | Performed three days after a death in order to open a passage way to the land of the dead. | Hamgyeong-do |
Pyeongan-do Darigut | This gut is dedicated to the spirit of a deceased person and facilitates the entry into the land of the dead. Its procedures resemble some Buddhist procedures. | Pyeongan-do |
Hwanghae-do Naerimgut | This initiation rite is a traditional nerium-gunt. | Hwanghae-do |
Hwanghae-do Jinogwigut | This gut is performed for the dead. It guides to paradise by salvation of angry spirits. | Hwanghae-do |
Ongjin Baeyeonsingut | This rite is a fishermen's rite in honour of the dragon king of the sea. Its purpose is wishing for abundant catch and communal peace all year round. | Hwanghae-do |
Yangju Sonorigut | This is a cattle worship rite. It is performed for good harvests, good luck and prosperity of the local community. It is one of the most sophisticated shamanistic performances in Korea. | Yangju, Gyeonggi |
Seoul Danggut | This gut is for peace and abundant harvest. | Mt. Jeongbalsan, Dapsimni- dong, Sinnae- dong, Mt. Bonghwasan, Seoul |
Seoul Jinogwigut | This rite is for the dead, to prepare passage way to the land of the dead. It is supposed to lead the deceased person to paradise in 49 days after death. This goes back to Taoist beliefs that every person has seven souls, one of which ascends to heaven every seven days. | Seoul |
Gyeonggi-do Dodanggut | This rite is held every second month of the lunar calendar. It wards off evil spirits from a community. Well-being to the villagers is induced by worshipping the tutelary grandparents at the tutelary shrines. | Dingmak area, Jangmal area in Bucheon, Gyeonggi |
Gangneung Danogut | This rite is a large-scale gut. It involves dozens of shamans praying to the mountain deity for communal safety from wild animals. There are also prayers for abundant crops and catches of fish. Masked dance dramas and colourful folk games surround this rite. | Gangneung, Gangwon-do |
Eunsan Byeolsingut | This rite is dedicated to the tutelary spirits of the villages. It includes a struggle of General Boksin and the reverend priest Dochim who recovered the sovereignty of the Baekje Kingdom. Part of the rite is held before guardian totem poles. | Eunsan- ri, Buyeo- gun, South Chungcheong |
Suyongpo Sumanggut | This gut is dedicated to persons who died at sea and leads them to the land of the dead. | Yeongil- gun, North Gyeongsang |
Gangsa-ri Beomgut | This communal gut is held once every three years. Shamans pray for the protection from tigers, abundant catch at sea and communal peace. | Gangsa-ri, Yeongil-gun, North Gyeongsang |
Geojedo Byeolsingut | This rite is held at every fishing village in order to pray for abundant catch and communal peace. | Geoje, South Gyeongsang |
Tongyeong Ogwisaenamgut | This gut is held to console the spirits of a person drowned at sea and leading to the land of the dead. | Tongyeong, South Gyeongsang |
Wido Ttibaegut | This is a fishermen's rite and involves many tutelary spirits wishing for good fortune | Wido Island, Buan-gun, North Jeolla |
Jindo Ssitgimgut | This rite helps cleansing the spirits of deceased persons. It is also performed at the first anniversary of a death. | Jindo Islands, Jangsando Islands, South Jeolla |
Jejudo Singut | This rite helps a shaman being promoted to a higher rank of shamanship. This is also an initiation rite, and a shaman holds this gut three times in their life. | Jeju |
Jejudo Yeongdeunggut | This rite is held in the second month of the lunar calendar. It is held to worship the Yeongdeungsin, the goddess of the sea, who will grant safety and abundant catches. | Coastal areas, Jeju |
Jejudo Muhongut | This rite is held to cleanse the spirits of someone drowned at sea and guide this person to the land of the dead. | Jeju |
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shamanism of Korea. |
- ^ Chang Soo-kyung, Kim Tae-gon. Korean Shamanism – Muism. Jimoondang, 1998.
- ^ Choi Joon-sik. Folk-religion: The Customs in Korea.
- ^ Margaret Stutley. Shamanism: A Concise Introduction. Routledge, 2003.
- ^ http://www.duke.edu/~myhan/kaf0911.pdf
- ^ a b Chongho Kim. Korean Shamanism: The Cultural Paradox. Ashgate Publishing, 2003.
- ^ a b Choe Sang-hun. Shamanism Enjoys Revival in Techno-Savvy South Korea. The New York Times, 2007.
- ^ Origins and Implications of Korean Shamanism[dead link]
- ^ "Religious Intelligence UK report". Religious Intelligence. Religious Intelligence. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
- ^ Brian Miller. Jeju's mythical past still alive and well. 2008.
- ^ Andrew E. Kim. Korean Religious Culture and Its Affinity to Christianity. Korea University, Sociology of Religion, 2000.
- ^ Demick, Barbara (2010). Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea (UK ed.). Granta Publications. ISBN 978-1-84708-141-4.
- ^ a b Kim 1998, pp. 32–33
- ^ Kim 1998, pp. 41–42
- ^ Kim 1998, pp. 28–29
- ^ Kim 1998, p. 32
- ^ Kim 1998, pp. 31–32
- ^ Kim 1998, pp. 29–30
- ^ a b Kim 1998, pp. 42–43
- ^ Kim 1998, pp. 43–44
- ^ Kim 1998, pp. 48–49
- ^ American Psychiatric Association (2000). "Glossary of Culture-Bound Syndromes: shin-byung". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (Washington, D.C.). DSM-IV.
- ^ Kim 1998, pp. 52–53
- ^ a b Fenkl, Heinz Insu. "Dancing on Knives: An Introduction to the Politics of Sexuality and Gender in Korean Shamanism". Retrieved 14 March 2011.
- Kim, Tae-kon (1998). Korean Shamanism—Muism. Jimoondang Publishing Company. ISBN 89-88095-09-X Translated by Chang Soo-kyung.
Further reading[edit]
- Hogarth, hyun-key Kim (1998). "Kut: Happyness through reciprocity". International Society for Shamanistic Research. Bibliotheca Shamanistica 7 (Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó). ISBN 963-05-7545-0
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Library of Congress Country Studies.
External links[edit]
- Korean Shamanism from Christian Perspectives An article about "gut" ritual analyzed through Christian spiritual notions
- Village guardians
- What is Shamanism?
- Dancing on Knives: An Introduction to the Politics of Sexuality and Gender in Korean Shamanism
- Knife Dancing Ceremony[dead link]
- In the age of the Internet, Korean shamans regain popularity by Choe Sang-Hun, July 6, 2007, in the International Herald Tribune
- Korea Society Podcast: Journey to the Grave, Dance to Paradise: Shamanic Rituals for the Dead
- Website of the Korea Tourism Organization
- Spiritual City: Seoul's Sacred Places (official Seoul city Tourism)
- 한국의 신흥종교
- 民間信仰 Overview in Jeollanam-do
- 말뭉치 용례 검색
- 朝鲜族的民族宗教信仰

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Puntuación basada en
37 Comentarios
5 en enero 19, 2013
My husband and I stayed here a night on our travel to begin our honey moon. Everything about our stay was great and amazing, but the breakfast was just beyond outstanding. We have yet to find another bed and breakfast where we have enjoyed our stay as much as we did here. Marsha and Mike are so friendly with pure southern hospitality, something we miss now that we're out west. Mike and Marsha seem to be genuinely happy with what they do and that shows through the conversations and care. The room and house was clean and gorgeous. It was super awesome that they gave us a super cute gift bag for our wedding night. The sheets on the bed were the highest quality around and the robes were great. along with a cute and cozy room.
4,8 en junio 24, 2012
Mike and Marsha were wonderful. No complaints...It was a perfect stay- can't wait to return!
5 en junio 01, 2012
Our stay wrapped up a particularly stressful few days. The minute we stepped on the porch the stress just melted away. Mike and Marsha welcomed us like we were family. The rooms were large, comfortable and inviting with all the right little extra touches - the porch, the perfect place to read a book or just sit and relax and listen to the birds sing. Breakfast was perfect - the best I've ever had. No shortcuts taken here - everything was made of the best ingrediants. It's proof Mike and Marsha really enjoy what they do. Worth a trip to Chester just to stay here.
Respuesta del propietario
We appreciate your kind words so very much! It was a pleasure meeting y'all and we truly hope we'll see you again soon!
5 en noviembre 16, 2011
My husband and I were guests at this lovely Inn from Oct.29-Oct.31 2011. From the moment we arrived at The Magnolia Inn we felt her warmth and the welcome caring of Mike and Marsha. We stayed in the Le Fleur Suite and while we enjoyed its comfort and beauty we really appreciated the large bathroom and shower. If you enjoy being pampered, come to this Inn for the Delicious breakfasts , the yummy afternoon treats and the relaxing setting. As the sign says, " Come As strangers, Leave As Friends". We think of Mike and Marsha as two new friends.
5 en septiembre 03, 2011
You have to get here as soon as you can...you won't regret it! Beautiful home, inside and out, and the service of the Innkeepers, Mike and Marsha, is over the top in excellence...from the decor to the cleanliness to the quality of the food, atmosphere and rooms. Great stay!
5 en agosto 15, 2011
Mike and Marsha made this visit everything we expected and more! The rooms were beautiful, the breakfast delicious and afternoon treats fantastic! There are many local area restaurants and shops. And the inn has some of the best tv's in town. Stay in and watch the game or a movie in the privacy of your own room. Great for couples and even families and friends. A must visit!
5 en junio 25, 2011
My husband and I just returned from a 2 day stay at the " BEAUTIFUL" Magnolia Inn, celebrating our Anniversary. We have stayed in many B&B's in NY and New England Area.I can honestly say " this is one of the BEST!" Mike and Marsha are born "innkeepers" we were made to feel so comfortable, we felt like we have known them for years. I have special dietary needs (gluten-free) and they were very concerned and went out of their way to be certain, everything I ate was Gluten Free! Unless you have a dietary condition, you can not realize how GREAT this concern is... The Breakfast was always Wonderful. The rooms, are exceptional, with all the comforts and amnenties you would want. The Decor and details are outstanding, and yet so comfortable, you won't want to leave this place. It is so absolutely clean, you can walk barefoot!!!! Now that is saying something. Mike and Marsha, make you feel like you are family, they provided google maps to nearby sites, they have afternoon treats and they just share their magnificent home with you. We consider them Our Friends..... Thank you so much for everything. Looking forward to a return visit, and when in our Area call us.... Josette & Ernie Amaral
5 en junio 21, 2011
My husband and I had never stayed in a bed and breakfast. We found a deal on Living Social for the Magnolia Inn Bed and Breakfast, so we decided to go there for a relaxing, weekend getaway. We were VERY impressed! The Inn was beautiful and very clean, and the food was excellent. Mike and Marsha were delightful. They made us feel "at home" and were very helpful. We really enjoyed meeting them and talking with them. We would highly recommend staying at the Magnolia Inn Bed & Breakfast.
4,8 en mayo 23, 2011
My husband and I went to this b&b for our first anniversary this past weekend. At first, when we were driving there because of the neighborhood. It looked a little run-down. But once we turned on Academy Street and saw the inn, we were relieved. The innkeepers, Mike and Marsha, were wonderful and welcoming. We chose the LeFleur suite, which was very pretty. Breakfast was delicious both days we stayed there. I do recommend taking ear plugs, as sometimes the train nearby is frequent. Other than that, it was a very nice trip!
5 en febrero 06, 2011
Thankful for another opportunity to stay at this B&B. They have done a wonderful restoration since the fire. Beautiful! As usual, Marsha and Mike make you feel right at home and the breakfast is always great. Wish we had more time to stay. If you get a chance for a night away this would be a wonderful place to go. We will definitely do it again.
4,8 en enero 10, 2011
Mike & Marsha are so welcoming & friendly. Can't wait to go back. Great breakfast & beautiful home & rooms. Train noise can be bothersome for light sleepers. Unfortunately the train is close to all B&B's in Chester.
5 en noviembre 06, 2009
I loved my stay at The Magnolia Inn. I felt right at home. I had no trouble feeling comfortable as the innkeepers were hospitable as could be. I can't wait to work out of town every month just so I can re-visit.
5 en agosto 14, 2009
Marsha and Mike Eland were excellent hosts. We enjoyed our stay at the Magnolia Inn. My husband was working in the area for a couple of days and I could not have asked for a more relaxing two days. We both enjoyed the breakfasts very much and I loved sitting on the beautiful front porch reading. Everthing was exactly as pictured on the website. Marsha and Mike were friendly and accomodating without being intrusive. The chocolate brownies Marsha made for an afternoon treat were the best brownes I ever tasted. My husband has recommended them to many business associates that come into the area. Joe and Diane
5 en julio 15, 2009
Best sleep, wonderful breakfast.
5 en julio 02, 2009
This was the best night we have ever stayed in Chester, thanks to the beautiful Magnolia Inn and the special attention to detail. one of the best B&B experiences ever!
3,6 en junio 18, 2009
Everything about this B&B was great! Recommend Highly!
5 en junio 16, 2009
All we can say is Wow! Our visit was Memorial Day weekend to visit 'Mom' who recently moved from NC to Chester to live with a brother. We had never stayed in a B&B before and didn't know what to expect. We loved it! The house is beautifully decorated and the rooms are so spacious. Marsha and Mike are wonderful host and we found nothing lacking except maybe our gratitude to them for opening their home to visitors. We can't say enough about their 'southern hospitality'. I could definitely get used to this kind of living!! If we could we would visit every weekend. We will definitely be back.
4,4 en mayo 22, 2009
Visited Friday May 15 through Sunday May 17; Marsha and Mike were gracious hosts not only providing delicious AND nutritious breakfasts but insights into the surrounding community for shopping and borwsing the many historical sites. The rooms are spacious and comfortable. We had seven in our party and had the house to ourselves. The library was comfortable where we read, watched a movie, and talked until nearly 2 AM on one occasion. The Porch was airy and comfortable for reading and relaxing. Chester is a great hub for activities with a friendly population willing to ensure visitors are welcome and can find what they need. The graduation at Camden Military Academy topped off a fantastic weekend! Thanks Marsha and Mike for a great time!
4,0 en abril 14, 2009
My family and I (wife, two daughters ages 17 and 13) stayed in the Magnolia Inn for two nights in April 08. We couldn't have been happier with the service, comfort and value of this B and B. It was actually cheaper than the dumpy chain hotels off of the highway. The food was great, the rooms were beautiful, spacious and comfortable and the setting was gorgeous. We couldn't ask for more, and if we are ever in Chester again, we'll defiinitely be staying at the MI!
5 en marzo 28, 2009
This has been one of the best visits I have ever had to a bed and breakfast. The house is monumental in terms of styling, architecture, and hospitality. Upon first glance at driving up, you don't know what to expect. As you walk up the first few stairs to the porch, you are met with a comfortable feeling by the furniture, and large spacious patio. When you first enter the house, the feeling of comfort begins to set in, and the grand hallway take you by surprise. If you are someone who enjoys looking around, you will be in for a joyous spectacle with the amount of fascinating decoration. Let's just say you won't get tired of gazing around the place. On small table resides a sign in book. To the immediate right is a stair case that walks you up to the second floor. I had the Magnolia Room which was in my opinion the "Creme de la creme". The opulent bed, and spacious room made me yearn for a house of this nature. It's clear that there was many hours spent thinking about the decorations, layout, and upgrades to this house. The food was truly amazing, top notch on many levels, and the best part, they actually asked if I had dietary restrictions. I didn't, but the fact they asked was a sign that the owners cared about their guests. I can not tell you everything about this house, but having come from Texas, I felt like a true southerner in this house, my freedom was granted to do what I wanted, and the living quarters were absolutely amazing, from the large reading room, the the den with flat screen LCD, I felt like I was living in luxury, southern style! Come visit this place, and if you need a reference, e-mail me at steadyliving at hotmail.com
5 en febrero 12, 2009
Two magnificent Magnolia trees hug this 1913 classic southern home. A wrap-around porch calls for sipping tea while watching the squirrels scurry through the trees. Beautiful, thoughtfully appointed rooms- and two gracious hosts- as gracious as their inn!
5 en febrero 04, 2009
Outstanding amenities, cordial service, manager anticipated our needs and was attentive. Highly recommend to anyone who enjoys service and comfort!
5 en enero 31, 2009
The Magnolia Inn was a great local getaway for my husband's birthday. The Inn itself is magnificent. The hospitality only adds to the charm and character of the house. You will truly be pampered and made to feel right at home. The breakfast was absolutely wonderful and Mike & Marsha were glad to accomodate our diatery differences. We've been visiting NC & SC Bed & Breakfast Inns for 20 years now and the Magnolia Inn is hands down our favorite! We will most certainly return.
5 en enero 22, 2009
A very pleasant stop in a small town near Charlotte.
4,4 en diciembre 05, 2008
Marsha & Mike were excellent InnKeepers!!! The bed was very comfortible and room spacious. The room rates are VERY reasonable for such a lovely Guesthouse!!! I would definately stay again if I am back in Chester!!!
5 en octubre 31, 2008
will be back!!!
5 en septiembre 20, 2008
We greatly enjoyed our stay at the Magnolia Inn. It started with the porch. There's just something about a large porch with rocking chairs and such. It just sets the mood for such an inviting, peaceful place. Everything was arranged for us with great care and there were little surprises here and there that just made it even more pleasant. To me, it felt like I were in the Gilmore Girls show!
5 en junio 20, 2008
One of the most beautiful B&Bs we have ever stayed at. Mike and Marsha were wonderful! We felt like we have known them for years and years. Our room was spacious with the most luxurious bedding. The stained glass window and chandelier in the large bathroom was wonderful! And there was even a separate reading room off our bedroom. I can't say enough about how beautiful the house was decorated! And breakfast was maple sausages and french toast with fruit and candlelight! Just perfect! We will definitely come back and next time stay two days! Very, very restful experience!
4,0 en junio 13, 2008
We just spent four wonderfull days at the Magnolia Inn! The rooms were great with wonderful antiques, food was excellent and the hospitality was outstanding. Mike and Marsha went out of their way to make sure it was a wonderful experience. They provided us with Mapquest directions and they graciously offered the veranda for our family to meet on Sunday morning before we all left to go our separate ways.
5 en abril 25, 2008
Absolutely wonderful Great fokod Nicest innkeepers possible
5 en abril 24, 2008
What a wonderful place to stay. Would recommend to anyone coming to this area. Felt right at home. Owners are very friendly and made me feel welcome from the start.
5 en abril 21, 2008
Room was fantastic (the Magnolia room), inn keepers were great, loved the complimentary snacks while enjoying the front porch.
5 en abril 16, 2008
Lovely furnishings. Every need anticipated. We loved it.
5 en abril 16, 2008
Room décor was fabulous. Meals beyond my expectations. Absolutely loved the bathroom!
5 en abril 16, 2008
Room, linens, food, service… all wonderful. Mike and Marsha are great people and outstanding hosts—I give Magnolia a 12 on a scale of 0-10!
5 en abril 11, 2008
My wife and I have been fortunate to stay in some of the finest B&Bs around the US and Europe and without question, the Magnolia Inn in Chester, S.C., has topped them all in EVERY respect. It is a definite 10/10!!
5 en marzo 02, 2008
The Inn keepers were really nice and freindly.


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1959 Ford Thunderbird Convertiblein fully restored laser straight spectacular condition.this car must be seen driven .show condition loaded please come see for yourself.Thunderbird Spell???is... More
1959 Ford Fairlane 500 Galaxie Sunliner Convertible. Exceptional! ONLY 28,200 Documented Miles from NEW! Wonderful Original Automobile with necessary preservation! One exterior repaint. New cloth top, and trunk mat. Extraordinary... More
Incredible frame-off restoration to show standards. Loaded with options, 352 V8, and continental kit. The best 1959 Ford convertible in existence? The work was done... More
Thunderbird 1959 hardtop, beautiful restoration of a rare T-Bird, powerful 352 V8, 4v carb, auto trans, working factory air, ps, pb, AM radio, orig... More
1958 Thunderbird, 1 owner, always garaged since bought new, totally original condition, not restored, sacrifice at only... More
As Ford said in 1959 "The car everyone would love to own". This car is the classic 50's combination of luxury car and sports... More
1959 Ford Thunderbird. Pale powder blue in color. 2 tone light blue and dark blue interior with bucket seats and a console. It features... More
The last year for the Skyliner option, 1959 marked the end of the Ford retractable hard tops. This 1959 Ford Galaxy was optioned with... More
Style with performance has always been the Thunderbird's calling card but this 1959 hardtop delivers even better results today. Reliable and comfortable enough to... More
With a major restoration completed in 2003, this '59 Ford Pick Up has only been driven 5944 miles. The exterior paint is red. It... More
In 1958 Ford doubled the number of seats and double the number of sales with their all-new Thunderbird. For 1959 the year this handsome... More
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1955 Ford Galaxie Skyliner Convertible Hardtop Convertible Power Steering, Power Brakes, For more details please call Mr. Howard at 1-888-728-5777 or (514)728-5777 or email him... More
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THIS IS A 1959 FORD FAIRLANE 500 GALAXIE SKYLINER 2 DOOR MODEL WITH VERY RARE WORKING RETRACTABLE HARDTOP. IT WAS OWNED BY THE FAMOUS... More


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Stayed here for just one night on our way home from Cornwall. Lynmouth is a nice little place with the river running to the sea. The hotel is located on the main road overlooking the river and although it doesn't have its own parking we didn't have a problem. Check-in was 4pm by which time the parking outside the hotel... More
- Also Known As:
- Riverside Cottage Hotel Lynmouth
- Riverside Cottage Hotel
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- We have been awarded the Tripadvisor Certificate of Excellence, and have achieved the highest rating from the Food Standards Agency. We have seven rooms, six with sea views and private balconies. Each balcony is complete with chairs and the large rooms also have a small table to allow you to sit and watch the world go by. Our restaurant is open between 10.00am and 5.00pm serving excellent freshly-made food, locally sourced and prepared by our in-house chef. Riverside Cottage is a perfect base for walking, cycling, fishing (River Lyn, harbour, beach or boat), and riding, pony trekking or just as a centre for North Devon touring. Alternately just relax on your balcony with a drink and admire the views (selected rooms only). ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com so you can book your Riverside Cottage reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Game Balls and Lame Calls: Eagles 27, Packers 13
Scott Tolzien played the majority of the game for the Green Bay Packers at quarterback.
Scott. Tolzien.
To his credit, he was a solid quarterback for the Wisconsin Badgers, but he was, in essence, a puppet carrying out Paul Chryst's game plan, which relied heavily on a dominant power run game. But in his two years as the Badgers' starter, never did I think Tolzien would be playing in the NFL, much less for a playoff contender like the Packers.
But against the Philadelphia Eagles, Tolzien filled in for an injured Seneca Wallace and played pretty well. Despite being intercepted in the red zone, which took points off the board, Tolzien moved the ball much better than Wallace did last week against the Chicago Bears after Aaron Rodgers broke his collarbone.
For a fan base that's used to watching Aaron Rodgers and Brett Favre under center, the past couple games have been a wakeup call. Last week, Rodgers played one series before getting injured, and this week, the Packers again lost their starting quarterback (Wallace) after the first series.
Since 1992, the Packers have had three quarterbacks start a football game: Favre, Rodgers and Matt Flynn. Next week, with Tolzien slated to get the start, will mark the Packers' third starting quarterback in three weeks. Crazy.
By no means was the Packers' loss on Sunday due to Tolzien's struggles. The blame falls on the defense.


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Posted 08/28/2013 8:27 AM
Posted 08/28/2013 6:50 PM
Posted 08/28/2013 7:59 PM
"Joel is opting out of the FIBA games to work on running, shot blocking and rebounding. Can his dedication take him to the next level and surplant TRob as the backup PF?"
The short answer is no. TReb is a far superior athlete. If Freeland wants minutes, he'll need to earn them on the defensive end. He wasn't there last year. Better court awareness than Leonard, but smaller frame. It's gonna take some time, but I think he is capable of improving faster than Leonard.
Posted 08/28/2013 8:47 PM
I like who he compared himself to...Nick Collison. If he even gets a morsel of Nicks game its a plus.
Posted 08/28/2013 9:11 PM
Posted 08/28/2013 11:24 PM
Posted 08/29/2013 6:47 PM
Posted 08/29/2013 7:10 PM
All i need from T-Rob are these.....
Posted 08/30/2013 12:03 AM
@ commontongue, AGREED! :) I want THAT MORE over the same player AND others! ;p Here's a lil' more of THAT!
Also, I think for T-Rob to make it to the next level & REALLY max out his career, he'll need a mentor. T-Rob, Lopez, & Joel need tutelage from this master!
Posted 08/30/2013 12:21 AM
Posted 09/03/2013 2:30 AM
Freeland is not your typical rookie. He has experience playing in Europe and saw what the elite athletes of the NBA are like at last years Olympics. He needs to play!!!! I like the idea of missing the FIBA games to work on his game, but I feel he would be much better served actually spending time on the court!! He needs to get minutes on the court in pressure situations, guarding bigs in the post and working on double teams in the pick n roll.
No doubting his potential. If he bulks up a bit and finds an identity as either a defensive stopper or rebounder,m he will have some part to play on our roster. His major issue is that he now has 2 solid guys ahead of him for that backup frontcourt spot. TRob is a beast on the boards and has the athleticism to play big minutes and contribute immediately. Leonard gives us more size and since adding that 3pt shot (of which I am still quite sceptical) has a different dimension offensively. For his current $3million contract, Freeland is certainly proving to be a poor pickup. He's nowhere near the dud I pictured him to be after his first few appearances but he isn't anything close to an NBA backup YET... Id give him this year to prove himself. Not before the trade deadline, but atleast until the end of the season to see if he is worth his salt. If we get 6-8 good minutes out of him per night and something like 60% shooting on his rare shot attempts with 2-3 rebounds, I think he would have proven his worth somewhat. But he has a loooooooong way to go before he surplants TRob or Leonard as the 2nd string anything.
Posted 09/03/2013 12:01 PM
Posted 09/04/2013 9:06 PM
Posted 09/04/2013 10:01 PM
Posted 09/10/2013 6:51 PM
Posted 10/08/2013 2:04 PM
Posted 10/10/2013 10:25 AM
Posted 10/10/2013 2:00 PM
Posted 10/10/2013 2:43 PM
Freeland is by far the oldest of the group but he is also playing the most consistent right now. Man had Leonard's defense been terrible.
Posted 10/11/2013 10:26 PM
Posted 10/12/2013 9:11 AM
Freeland has been playing great for sure, has shown glimpses of his post game, and mid range jumper as well. Just wanna say though, Griffin shot so bad because for some reason he kept taking looooong twos.
Posted 10/12/2013 12:12 PM
Posted By RipCity 14 on 10/12/2013 9:11 AM Freeland has been playing great for sure, has shown glimpses of his post game, and mid range jumper as well. Just wanna say though, Griffin shot so bad because for some reason he kept taking looooong twos.
Posted 10/12/2013 12:18 PM
Griffin is overrated in everyone's books save Clippers fans and other bandwagoners. If Byron Mullens and Blake Griffin want to keep taking jumpers, why not just let them.
Posted 10/17/2013 11:49 AM
Posted 10/19/2013 1:17 AM
Really pleased that we got the win tonight against a Clippers team that had their starters out on the floor for 30 minutes each. Great effort from Lopez and Barton on the glass and I'm really pleased to see how well Freeland is coming on. If he keeps this up we'll have a tough time rotating our bigs because they're all sooooo good.
Posted 10/19/2013 1:37 PM
Posted 10/19/2013 2:21 PM
Posted 10/19/2013 9:58 PM
Posted 10/20/2013 12:35 PM
I'll be the first to admit I was calling for Joel's head after his poor rookie season. I expected more from him as he ad played a few years in Europe and was a bit older than your average rookie. He's really been playing well and I'm quite glad he has been playing so well. T-Rob and Leonard had better step it up if the want to be the primary backups at PF an C.
Posted 10/22/2013 3:14 PM
Posted 10/24/2013 12:53 PM
Posted 10/24/2013 4:25 PM
Started by Roger Middelstadt on 12/12/13 at 4:58 PM
Does anyone recognize this song?   This has been a part of Blazer history for as long as I can remember.   I became a fan in ''88 and I wonder when this started to play at Blazer games?   Anyone know?   I uploaded it to YouTube: &n...
Started by jesusshuttlesworth on 12/12/13 at 8:34 AM
Started by jimmyptown on 12/05/13 at 3:18 PM
Started by Danimal on 11/12/13 at 6:39 PM
Hey guys. I''m from Turkey and I''ll come Portland this March. Can I find ticket for the game? Probably catch Bucks or Wizards game. If someone tell me how can I buy ticket, I''ll glad. Accomandation would not be problem I guess, hotels would be f...
Started by cmeese47 on 11/06/13 at 8:36 AM
I think Lopez is much better than Hickson. Though his rebounding ability Hickson was a bad defender and short for his position. I love Robin''s passion and defensive skills. Also 8 points avarage is enough.
I really wonder why coach h...
Started by stacksfan2005 on 11/13/13 at 11:39 PM
Started by Tim Morrissey on 11/29/13 at 6:55 PM
Started by Blazer Fanatic on 11/15/13 at 2:53 AM


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Hello, Thermaltake is actively working on getting community feedback on existing and future Thermaltake products. We would like you as the enthusiast community to provide feedback on your experience with present Thermaltake product, and also any product, Idea or changes you would like to see from Thermaltake in the future. Thermaltake is here to support the enthusiast community and we would like to address any issues or concerns you have so that your experience with Thermaltake is excellent and our products will improve to better suit your needs. Please feel free to discuss, comment or provide suggestions as we are here for you and we are willing to work directly with you to assist with any issues that may arise. We have opened a Thermaltake support section in the Thermaltake forums so that you have a place to seek assistance or make suggestions on existing Thermaltake products or what you would like to see from Thermaltake. Thank you Thermaltake Enthusiasts support
Continue supporting e-Sports particulararly SC2! I've been a fan of the thermaltake brand since my good ole Big Typhoon.
since this PSU here, has short circuit protection, does that mean if my USB port causes a short curcuit again would it not break the motherboard like it did last time when i was using an OCZ one, -->http://www.ebuyer.com/234911-thermaltake-575w-toughpower-xt-modular-psu-tpx-575m
Thats excellent to hear. We love SCII me included. I am no good at it though.. our eSPORTS community manager is a best though. thank you for the feedback
Short circuit protection will protect against major rail shorts but unfortunately in some cases when a component on a board shorts it can damage the board before any sort of protection on the PSU could kick in. component level can definitely be tricky as even if the psu shuts off the caps on the board still have power. and in some cases alot of power stored up.
Yes please, we need more White-Ra's out there! Speshul Taktix for the win! I would like to see a more affordable (and sensible) elite case from TT, Level 10 (GT) is a bit too hard to work with. Something along the lines of Corsair 800D, but different.
well i'm in the market for a new PSU anyway, is it any good? What sort of equipment could i run off it?
Thermaltake PSUs are generally of high quality, I would not hesitate to recommend them if the price is right.
thats the thing, £55 is very good price for a 575W modular, but it's still a lot more then i really want to pay at the moment What are the chances it will break, and if it does break, can i carry on using it like my current one?
Toughpower XT are excellent PSU's but I would hesitate to ask what hardware can you hook to it. I would much rather ask what hardware do you plan to run so I can better recommend the correct PSU.
VERY soon I have one here at my desk its a great unit depending on your expectations. Its not gonna beat a custom loop but for a good liquid cooling that just works.... then you will like it alot.
it will be a mildly overclocked phenom ii B55, and a GTS 250, but it may eventually stretch to a GTX 560 or a 6870 (or even a 600/700 or 7000/8000) series, as i keep tech for a very long time, there will be 2 hard drives (for the moment) as well as some fans, neon lights etc
It sounds like that should be fine. However if you were to go multi card it could be problematic. it should be fine and even with a lil headroom for that setup
just how tough are they though?, because my current PSU has been broken for 3 weeks, (ordinarily, i'd send it back under warranty, but i bought it here and the user i bought it from is not responding to my PM's) and yet i've still been using it to power my rig. Basically, does it fit my needs of something that'll provide power no matter what happens to it, and will it last for 10 years +
I wish I could say it would last 10 years but im not going to lie to you. Anyone who guarantees a computer component WILL last you 10 years is lying to you. but the PSU is a good model and for your usage I would recommend it. The problem with what you ask is will it last anything that happens to it, well yes it is strong but anything that happens can mean some really bad stuff that no component will survive you guys really putting my feet to the coals quick eh?
Thank you, I am happy to see so many of you are familiar with our products and are having good experiences. Please like I originally said let us know any feedback so that we can further improve to meet your needs.
I guess the only real question I have about the PSU now is... WILL IT BLEND? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8H29jU8Wrs
A suggestion for your next refresh of top end PSU models (platinum perhaps?). 100% modular. People seems to be craving that. I guess it makes working in a rig easier when you can take all the cables out, and for dual psu mods.
The problem with fully modular design is that your always going to use a 24pin and a 8 pin... and those are very critical power connections so we like to have them hard wired/soldered to ensure good solid power connections. when you introduce a modular connector you introduce a possible weak point which is one wire is loose can cause build up of heat and unstable power delivery. if you look at the Toughpower Grand series the only non modular connections are the 24 pin and the ATX CPU 12V connections.
Cases with bigger side windows? I would barely consider my V4 as having a window, while the new Commander MS-I (which IMO looks like an improved V4) and Spacecraft VF-I have what you would call "half a window." A new non-tower CPU cooler? 4-6 heatpipes, with 120mm LED fan...it would be around 130-140mm high (with the fan thickness included in that).


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October 17, 2010
Justin Hokanson AuburnSports.com
Valley (Ala.) four-star safety Erique Florence is the state of Alabama's top uncommitted prospect, and he was in Auburn for the third time this fall on Saturday. Florence talks about his Auburn visit, his decision plans, and more. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now for a FREE Trial
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Had the opportunity to try out REDline last nite. Specifically wanted to check any differences between the outputs of Red Alert vs. REDline.
I built a curve within Red Alert and output'd the same numbers to REDline and ran the conversion. Took the two into a compositor and ran a diff.
they're basically identical with very minimal difference.
So it would be great if there was an option to spit out a redline command line from Red Alert making it easier to compile a command string and send it to the farm, that would be helpful in batch rendering.
Also, any idea when the 16x9 formats will be supported by REDline? That will be very useful in bypassing Redcine all together and going straight for CLI.
Eli (Waaaaay too much footage to process) Jarra