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Please Note: Due to current Philips Lighting consolidation of their lighting lines including Hadco, orders may be delayed in shipping. We will try to have your order fulfilled and shipped as quickly as possible. |
Housing: | Die-cast aluminum. Removable roof for easy relamping. Stem is extruded aluminum, sold separately. Fasteners are 300 series stainless steel. ½" NPS male threads to screw onto accessory mounting stake or junction box, sold separately. |
Finish: | Thermoset polyester powdercoat is electrostatically applied after a five-stage conversion cleaning process and bonded by heat fusion thermosetting. Laboratory tested for superior weatherability and fade resistance in accordance with ASTM B117 specifications. |
Optical Assembly: | Clear molded glass lens. |
Lamping: | 100W maximum A19 lamp. Lamp is not included. Lower wattage lamps are acceptable. |
Electrical Assembly: | Medium base phenolic socket with nickel-plated screw shell and center contact. Fixture is pre-wired with 18 AWG black, white, and ground wires. |
Warranty: | Three-year limited warranty. |
Certifications: | ETL listed to U.S. safety standards for wet locations. cETL listed to Canadian safety standards for wet locations. Manufactured to ISO 9001:2008 Standards. |
Height: | 8 13/16" (224mm) |
Width: | 6" (152mm) |
Max. Weight: | 3.45 lb |


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Priority Streamlines
Priority Streamlines: A context-based Visualization of Flow Fields
Flow vector fields contain a wealth of information that needs to be visualized. As an extension of the well-known streamline technique, we have developed a context-based method for visualizing steady flow vector fields in two and three dimensions. We call our method "Priority Streamlines". In our approach, the density of the streamlines is controlled by a scalar function that can be user-defined or be given by additional information (e.g. temperature, pressure, vorticity, velocity) considering the underlying flow vector field. In regions which are interesting the streamlines are drawn with increased density, while less interesting regions are drawn sparsely. Since streamlines in the most important regions are drawn first, we can use thresholding to obtain a streamline representation highlighting essential features. Color-mapping and transparency can be used for visualizing other information hidden in the flow vector field. Further information is available in the detailed project description.
Michael Schlemmer, IRTG "Visualization of Large and Unstructured Data", TU Kaiserslautern, Germany
Ingrid Hotz, Zuse Institute Berlin
Hans Hagen , AG Graphische Datenverabeitung, Technische Universit#228;t Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
Bernd Hamann , IDAV, University of California Davis
Michael Schlemmer, IRTG "Visualization of Large and Unstructured Data", TU Kaiserslautern, Germany
Started 06/2005

subset: commoncrawl


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The Last Five Years originally ran off-Broadway in 2002. Cited as one of Time magazine's "Ten Best of 2001," it won Drama Desk awards for Best Music and Best Lyrics.
There are only two characters in the musical, Jamie and Cathy. Jamie is a young novelist and Cathy is a struggling actress. Told in reverse chronological order, the drama shows what happens when an artistic couple's romance fizzles out.
An estimated 80,000 American prisoners spend 23 hours a day in closed isolation units for 10, 20 or even more than 30 years.
Now, amid growing evidence that it causes mental breakdown, the Federal Bureau of Prisons has decided for the first time to review its policies on solitary confinement.
Christa and Cara Parravani were identical twins. When they were 28, Cara died of a drug overdose, and Christa spiraled into depression.
In her new book, Her: A Memoir, Christa explores their bond of sisterhood, which went beyond blood into the elliptical world of twinhood.
Both were artists, one a writer and the other a photographer. Both married young. Both lived through a hardscrabble childhood with a troubled mother. But Cara's path diverged after she was attacked and raped at age 24.
Militants in Nigeria have killed seven hostages, including three Westerners, in an act the British foreign secretary called "pure, cold-blooded murder."
The seven hostages — four Lebanese and one British, one Greek and one Italian citizen – worked for the Setrapo construction company. They were kidnapped Feb 16 from Jama'are, a town about 125 miles north of Bauchi, the capital of Bauchi state. Ansaru, a group that's an offshoot of Boko Haram, the militant Islamist movement, claimed responsibility for the killings.
Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai claims the U.S. is holding talks outside Afghanistan with the Afghan Taliban.
The allegations come as Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel continues his first visit to the nation as Pentagon Chief – and after a deadly explosion in Kabul on Saturday that the Taliban called a message to the new defense secretary.
Karzai made his claims in a nationally broadcast address just hours before he was to meet with Hagel, reports NPR's David Welna, who is traveling with Hagel.
Originally published on Sun March 10, 2013 2:59 pm
With a stroke of her pen, Queen Elizabeth II is giving royal support to equal rights.
Her majesty is expected to sign a new charter for the Commonwealth on Monday. The charter declares the core values for the 54 member states, most of which were once under British rule. It's getting attention for statements on gender equality and what it may imply for gay rights.
A soft-spoken, clean-shaven, 31-year-old aid worker hopes to determine, in part, the future of Aleppo, Syria's largest city.
Originally published on Sun March 10, 2013 10:20 am
Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel is taking his first overseas trip since taking the top job at the Pentagon. He'll be visiting troops and key officials in Afghanistan. Host Rachel Martin speaks with NPR's David Welna, who is along on the trip.
Originally published on Mon March 11, 2013 11:42 am
Lucy is a stereotypically giddy black labradoodle. She's not what you picture when you think of a military dog serving on the front lines in Afghanistan. She wiggles around the room chasing her tennis ball and thinks my microphone cover is a chew toy.
But her handler, Spc. Heath Garcia, says when Lucy is on a mission, she's all business. She's highly trained to sniff out improvised explosive devices, or IEDs, which are the No. 1 killer of civilians and troops in Afghanistan.


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Thursday, June 07, 2012
Potty Training – is your toddler ready to be toilet trained?
Posted by: Sharmila Rajah Post(s) by this blogger
Shamindra turns 18 months this month and I'm wondering the same. He's been displaying his readiness for toileting. I reckon the timing could be right.
Here are some of the signs –
Shamindra has become increasingly aware of his bodily functions, and seems to grasp the understanding of it all by referring to 'pee' and 'poop' and even requesting for a 'change' of diaper.
Some privacy pleeeease.....
He goes off to a quiet corner to squat when he's ready for a bowel movement.
He loves to imitate and is eager to sit on the potty.
Is your toddler ready to be toilet trained? How are you going about it?
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'Perfect size for small hand to grip. Shake it to hear the rattle sound. It is a great gift item to...'
Toy Expert - Peterborough
'Perfect size for small hand to grip. With a squeaker inside, touch or shake it to hear sounds.'
Toy Expoert - Peterborough
'Lovely colour and very cute Giraffe character! Shake it and hear the bell,'
Toy Expert - Peterborough
'Cute little beanie toy, squeaker sound to keep your baby smiling!'
Toy Expert - Peterborough
'This friendly and cuddly lion will become a favourite for your child. Perfect for a gift or add to your...'
Toy Expert - Peterborough
'Cute chubby hippo character, great size to hug and for little ones.'
Toy Expert - Peterborough
'Nice toy'
mo - Hertfordshire
'I was looking for woodland themed things to go with the theme of the baby's nursery and thought this fox...'
cherryrainbow - Swansea
'Lovely fabric and design - love the different textured and details, very soft and tactile'
Toy Expert - Peterborough
'Part of the Sunny Safari range this cute little pyramid have different textures and colours on each face...'
Toy Expert - Peterborough
'Easy to grab with fun sounds to stimulate the child, machine washable and brightly coloured'
Toy Expert - Peterborough
'Soft and tactile cubes with cute Sunny Safari animals design. Each of the block has something different...'
Toy Expert - Peterborough
'Bought as a gift for our impending new arrival, so cute, cuddly and soft. Looks cute in the cot!!'
CaroBre - Bedfordshire
'It's nice and soft good for a new born baby'
Whites - Keyingham East Yorkshire
'Great quality and each face have different pattern or tactile bits, fabric is so soft to touch, lovely...'
Toy Expert - Peterborough
'This blanket is perfect for small hands to hold and will keep your little ones attention with it beautiful...'
Kiddicare Staff Expert - Peterborough, Cambs
'Really sweet item - ideal as comforter as soft and nice bit for the baby to hold onto. Interesting...'
FanofKiddicare - Hertfordshire
'Nice size for little one to hold and interact with. Looks cute, good quality for the price.'
Moley - Wales
©Kiddicare 2013


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Cover to Cover with Jack Foley, for March 21, 2012 - 3:00pm
Download this clip (mp3, 5.14 megabytes)
Play this clip in your Computer's media player
Today's show features poet and artist Marilyn Stablein. Jack and Marilyn discuss three of Stablein's books: "Splitting Hard Ground" (winner of the 2010 New Mexico Book Award and the 2011 New Mexico Press Women's Poetry Book Award), "Sleeping in Caves: A Memoir of the Sixties" (a document of Stablein's Himalayan adventures) and "More Night Travels to Tibet" (prose poems from the author's "pillow book"). Part one of two.
More from this show: About the Show | Archives of this Show | Playlists from this Show


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57 min ago | The Rat Trick
Preview: Detroit Red Wings At Florida Panthers
Dec 6, 2013; Newark, NJ, USA; Detroit Red Wings left wing Drew Miller passes the puck away from New Jersey Devils goalie Cory Schneider to Detroit Red Wings center Joakim Andersson who scored a goal in the second period at Prudential Center.
Could you survive the end of civilization?
How much do you know about Islam?
Red Wings' Pavel Datsyuk returns to lineup Tuesday; Jimmy Howard starts
Datsyuk has missed the last seven games with a concussion. But after another successful practice Monday, Datsyuk is ready to play.
Kruger, Quenneville Dissatisfied With Hawks' PK
MAY 20: Pavel Datsyuk #13 of the Detroit Red Wings takes a first period face off against Marcus Kruger #16 of the Chicago Blackhawks in Game Three of the Western Conference Semifinals during the 2013 NHL Stanley Cup Playoffs at Joe Louis Arena on May 20, 2013 in Detroit, Michigan.
Tomas Tatar, Gustav Nyquist: The future of the Detroit Red Wings
Last week, I suggested that the Detroit Red Wings look at their future via the trade market.
Amerks Latest Victims of Franchise Best Start For GR
The Rochester Americans were the latest victims of the hot streak that has been the start of the Griffins' season.
You can watch the Flyers again on HBO's "24/7 Road to the Winter Classic" series when it premieres on Dec. 14. No, the Flyers aren't starring in the series again, but their furious third period comeback in Detroit on Wednesday will be featured in the first episode.
Griffins Keep Rolling and beat Americans 5-1.
The last time the Griffins played the Rochester Americans they beat them 8-1 in the season opener.
CSSI Analysis: Red Wings 3 - Devils 1
The Red Wings broke their one-game collapse with a victory in a game that can safely be described as "oh my fuck that was boring" by many objective means.
Jonathan Huberdeau's goal early in the third period broke a tie and the Florida Panthers beat the Detroit Red Wings 2-1 on Saturday night.
Wings hope '24/7' reveals fun side of teammates like Bertuzzi, Datsyuk
Todd Bertuzzi doesn't look 'warm and fuzzy' against Washington's Joel Ward, but that's how former teammate Chris Osgood has described him.
New Jersey Devils right wing Dainius Zubrus, right, of Lithuania, challenges Detroit Red Wings defenseman Jonathan Ericsson, of Sweden, for the puck during the second period of an NHL hockey game Friday, Dec. 6, 2013, in Newark, N.J. Ericsson was sent to the penalty box for committing a foul on the play.
Quick Shifts:Bloopers, Gustvasson, Kerry Fraser
Dec 6, 2013; Newark, NJ, USA; New Jersey Devils goalie Cory Schneider looks up at the score board as Detroit Red Wings left wing Tomas Tatar reacts after scoring a goal in the second period at Prudential Center.
Jonas Gustavsson stays sharp, Red Wings trip Devils
When you don't see many shots - Gustavsson saw only 11 in a 3-1 Red Wings victory over the New Jersey Devils - a goalie does what he has to do to stay sharp and awake.
Minnesota's Jared Spurgeon (right) chases Columbus' Matt Calvert during the second period Friday. AP
Orchid is growing on us: A version of the purple hue is Pantone Inc.'s color of the year for 2014.
National Hockey League Game Capsules
Jimmy Howard needed to make just 10 saves to help the Detroit Red Wings to a 3-1 win over the New Jersey Devils on Friday.
Panthers' old friend Stephen Weiss struggling in Detroit
Stephen Weiss never really wanted to leave South Florida and the Panthers, where he had become the face of a struggling franchise that had made the playoffs just once in his 11 seasons.
Commodore opens up on rift with Red Wings' Babcock
Detroit Red Wings defenseman Mike Commodore before the game against the Montreal Canadiens at the Bell Center.
Struggling Damien Brunner a healthy scratch for Devils vs. Detroit Red Wings tonight
Just how badly things are going for Damien Brunner will be evident tonight, as he'll be out of the New Jersey Devils' lineup against his former team.
Predicting Which Detroit Red Wings Will Play in 2014 Winter Olympics
When "the Detroit Red Wings " and "Olympic Hockey" are mentioned in the same sentence, there is usually some mention of Team Sweden, as the Red Wings are notorious for having an exceptional amount of players represented on the Swedish Olympic hockey team.
Morning Skate: Red Wings at Devils Preview
So Wednesday night's game against the Flyers was a disappointment, and a setback, but fear not because the Wings are about to play a team that is basically a mirror image of themselves.


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Save Money And Reduce Crime By Treating Criminals Like Criminals
The lead story of the March 3, 2011, edition of the Newark Star Ledger, citing the need for New Jersey to reform its prison system in light of the sixty percent recidivism rate for incarcerated criminals, missed the mark entirely. The focus of the article was the unchallenged solution, presented by the Manhattan Institute, to give criminals jobs so they have a legitimate source of income. While this makes for pleasant sounding theory, the practical effect is to reward bad behavior at the expense of the law abiding population. (continued)
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Generic Name: vemurafenib (VEM ue RAF e nib)
Brand Names: Zelboraf
What is Zelboraf?
Zelboraf (vemurafenib) is a cancer medication that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body.
Zelboraf is used to treat metastatic melanoma (skin cancer).
Zelboraf may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Important information about Zelboraf
Do not use Zelboraf if you are pregnant. It could harm the unborn baby.
Before you take Zelboraf, tell your doctor if you have liver disease, an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium or magnesium in your blood), or a personal or family history of Long QT syndrome.
Using Zelboraf may increase your risk of developing other types of skin cancer. Report any new or worsening skin lesions to your doctor right away.
There are many other drugs that can interact with Zelboraf. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list of all your medicines and show it to any healthcare provider who treats you.
Before taking Zelboraf
You should not use Zelboraf if you are allergic to vemurafenib.
To make sure you can safely use Zelboraf, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:
liver disease;
a heart rhythm disorder;
a personal or family history of Long QT syndrome; or
an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium or magnesium in your blood).
Using Zelboraf may increase your risk of developing other types of skin cancer. Report any new or worsening skin lesions to your doctor right away.
FDA pregnancy category D. Do not use Zelboraf if you are pregnant. It could harm the unborn baby. Use effective birth control, and tell your doctor if you become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether vemurafenib passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. You should not breast-feed while you are using Zelboraf.
See also: Zelboraf pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings (in more detail)
How should I take Zelboraf?
Before you start treatment with Zelboraf, your doctor may perform tests to make sure vemurafenib is the best treatment for your type of skin cancer.
Take Zelboraf exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.
Zelboraf is usually taken twice per day, as 2 tablets in the morning and 2 tablets in the evening. Follow your doctor's instructions.
Take this medicine with a full glass of water. You may take Zelboraf with or without food. Do not crush, chew, or break a Zelboraf tablet. Swallow it whole. To make sure this medication is helping your condition and not causing harmful effects, your skin condition will need to be checked often. Your heart function may also need to be tested with an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) on a regular basis. You may also need eye exams. Your cancer treatments may be delayed based on the results of these tests. Do not miss any follow-up visits to your doctor.
Your doctor may want to check your skin for several months after you stop using Zelboraf. Visit your doctor regularly.
Store Zelboraf at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the bottle tightly closed when not in use.
See also: Zelboraf dosage (in more detail)
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if your next dose is less than 4 hours away. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.
What should I avoid while taking Zelboraf?
Avoid exposure to sunlight or tanning beds. Zelboraf can make you sunburn more easily. Wear protective clothing and use sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) when you are outdoors.
Zelboraf side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction to Zelboraf: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Stop using Zelboraf and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:
severe dizziness, fainting, fast or pounding heartbeats;
white patches on your eyes;
new or worsening skin lesions; or
severe skin reaction -- fever, sore throat, swelling in your face or tongue, burning in your eyes, skin pain, followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body) and causes blistering and peeling.
Less serious Zelboraf side effects may include:
joint pain;
tired feeling;
hair loss;
mild rash or itching;
skin growths; or
blurred vision, increased sensitivity of your eyes to light.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
See also: Zelboraf side effects (in more detail)
What other drugs will affect Zelboraf?
Many drugs can interact with Zelboraf. Below is just a partial list. Tell your doctor if you are using:
a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven);
cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune) or tacrolimus (Prograf);
digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps);
theophylline (Elixophyllin, Theo-24, Theochron, Uniphyl);
ADHD medication such as Adderall, Concerta, Daytrana, Metadate, Ritalin, Strattera;
an antibiotic such as clarithromycin (Biaxin), erythromycin (E.E.S., EryPed, Ery-Tab, Erythrocin, Pediazole), rifampin (Rifater, Rifadin, Rifamate), rifabutin (Mycobutin), rifapentine (Priftin), or telithromycin (Ketek);
an antidepressant such as amitriptyline (Elavil, Vanatrip, Limbitrol), desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Sinequan, Silenor), duloxetine (Cymbalta), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, Symbyax), nefazodone, nortriptyline (Pamelor), paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva), sertraline (Zoloft), venlafaxine (Effexor), and others;
antifungal medication such as itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), miconazole (Oravig), or voriconazole (Vfend);
cancer medicine such as doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Doxil), lomustine (CeeNU), tamoxifen (Soltamox);
ergot medicine such as ergotamine (Ergomar, Cafergot) or dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal Nasal Spray);
cough medicine such as dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin Maximum Strength, Vicks 44, and others) or dihydrocodeine (Alahist DHC, J-Max DHC, Pancof-PD, Panlor, Trezix, Welltuss EXP, and others);
pain medication such as codeine (Tylenol #3), hydrocodone (Lortab, Vicodin, Vicoprofen), oxycodone (OxyContin, Combunox, Roxicodone, Percocet), or tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet);
heart or blood pressure medication such as betaxolol (Kerlone), captopril (Capoten), carvedilol (Coreg), labetalol (Normodyne), metoprolol (Dutoprol, Lopressor, Toprol), nicardipine (Cardene), pindolol (Visken), propranolol (Inderal), timolol (Blocadren);
a heart rhythm medication such as disopyramide (Norpace), flecainide (Tambocor), mexilitene (Mexitil), procainamide (Procan, Pronestyl), propafenone (Rythmol), or quinidine (Quin-G);
HIV/AIDS medicine such as atazanavir (Reyataz), delavirdine (Rescriptor), indinavir (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept), saquinavir (Invirase), or ritonavir (Norvir, Kaletra);
medicine to treat psychiatric disorders, such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine), fluphenazine (Permitil), haloperidol (Haldol), pimozide (Orap), perphenazine (Trilafon), promethazine (Phenergan), risperidone (Risperdal), or thioridazine (Mellaril); or
seizure medication such as carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol), divalproex (Depakote), phenobarbital (Solfoton), phenytoin (Dilantin), or valproic acid (Depakene, Stavzor).
This list is not complete and there are many other drugs that can interact with Zelboraf. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor. Keep a list of all your medicines and show it to any healthcare provider who treats you.
More Zelboraf resources
- Zelboraf Prescribing Information (FDA)
- Zelboraf MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)
- Zelboraf Monograph (AHFS DI)
- Zelboraf Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information
- Vemurafenib Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)
Compare Zelboraf with other medications
Where can I get more information?
- Your pharmacist can provide more information about Zelboraf.
- Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use Zelboraf only for the indication prescribed.
- Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.
Copyright 1996-2012 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 1.02. Revision Date: 2012-02-14, 4:40:40 PM.


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EditBasic Full Name: Lyman D Hardy 1 Birth: 03 Nov 1901 1 Death: 10 Jun 1998 1 Residence: Last Residence: Hudsonville, MI 1
Looking for more information about Lyman D Hardy? Search through millions of records to find out more. Find more records
Anyone can contribute to this page. Please sign in or sign up—it's free. Source: Social Security Death Index Created: 04 Sep 2008 Modified: 07 Oct 2013 Page Views: 88 total (9 this week)


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Vasodilator definitely lives up to its name. This is a fantastic line by Mark Rolofson that will keep you working the entire time. Multiple 5.12 cruxes grace this overhung line leading you to the final moves on "The Egg". This is a brutal, smooth bulging arete that keeps you from getting to the anchors. Unlock the secret to these moves and the route is yours. Pay close attention and look for many sneaky rests on this route, you will need them. A variety of moves describes this climb with thin crimps, slopers, jugs and of course thuggish climbing through the egg section. Definitely a three star route. From Bolt Cola (previosly listed as number 29, now listed in a different section of the cliff), head up the obvious gully past a few bolted routes. Continue up the gully until you get to some fourth class climbing past some large boulders / chockstones. Above these, you will find a good belay area underneath the huge overhanging arete. There may be some slings hanging from the upper bolts to help find the route. This climb is in the sun during the winter and makes for a good climb on a sunny day.
11 bolts / 2 bolt anchor.
The block is definitely loose and is ready to go. I was terrified to climb on it, but there is no way around. It. If you tap it, you can visually see movement, and I can't see how it is still attached to the wall. I will not be getting on this climb again until this is resolved. The other problem is that the underside of the block forms a razor edge that would certainly cut the rope if it did come off. This thing is scary.
This is a great route if want to do a 13a, but I don't have tons of bouldering power. There is no single stopper move, just lots of V3 type sequences. It also lends itself to creative beta and good resting skills. Most of the hard sequences have several options. Tom Isaacson
The long sling is definitely useful for getting the rope up and/or working the moves on the crux. Unless your name is Sven, and/or you have had the satisfaction for the flash of this fine route, then you have probably made good use of the sling in the past. I agree that it may be unsightly, but I favor leaving it. That tat is phat.
Trim the phat (tat, that is). 1. The first or second time I got on this route, the tat was windblown around the bolt it is tied too, and I couldn't even reach it. 2. The bolt is harder to clip after you've pulled the crux with that mess of tat on there. 3. The fall off the crux is a blast. Nothing but air!
Adam, the difference between the tat and other garbage, is that the long sling serves a purpose, and has been placed intentionally. On this route, in that location, it is extremely useful for those that don't flash 5.13. The bolt is in a good location for the red point. IMHO, moving the bolt would be a mistake. Whipping off the crux is clean and fun, but most folks probably were gald to have the sling to yard on, so they could clip the bolt and work out the moves. I think you should leave this one alone. And,..if u take dat tat, is will be back. Adam, why do you even bother to ask others for their opinion? I offered my opinion after you requested feedback in this public forum. Two of three people that responded said they did not have a problem with the sling, and then you post "so I'm going to take it down." It sounds as is you feel strongly about this webbing, and are going to do what you want anyhow. Go for it. Next time just do it, without the disingenuous call for other's opinions and all the preaching. BTW, I didn't put the sling up, as you insinuated in your last post.
Confession is good for the soul, right? I was working on this route in the spring of 2000. While working on the egg portion on lead, my partner and I took several very dangerous falls. When we fell fairly high on the egg (which is easy to do), we'd swing down and sideways, with our legs clipping the rope below the bolt. That caused us to windmill out of control and in one case I nearly whacked my head on the rock. I thought it was very unsafe, so I stick clipped the bolt above the egg. I then came back and placed the long sling to allow clipping from below and largely eliminate that problem. I left it there after I finally sent the Violator (took a long time and a lot of belayers) because a friend wanted to work it. I am not sure whether the sling up there is still the same one. I would think it has gotten frayed from whipping around in the wind. I did not think it was an eyesore since hardly anyone can see. Anyhow, that's the story. I think most people would be grateful for the long sling (or the addition of a bolt). But, if someone wants to remove it, I certainly wouldn't fight about it -- just warn people. Done. Tom Isaacson
In regards to the webbing on the last bolt most people use it to pre-clip before doing the crux sequence and not as a point of aid. Two years ago I asked Mark if he was willing to reposition the second to last bolt down and right which would have prevented either the presence of webbing or repositioning the last bolt, Mark's opinion is that the bolts are fine where they are. I respect that, but also be aware that as long as people continue to work this route, the webbing will continue to be present, whether it gets repeatedly removed or not! Instead of complaining about the unsightly view of a piece of webbing blowing in the wind, perhaps folks could be more constructive and rebuilt the approach gully, which is far more unsightly. I have done some minor landscaping work in the past with boulders and wood present, but I believe that this effort could be better taken up by one of our organizations, as an Adopt-A-Crag event.
Awesome steep pumpy climbing to a difficult crux at the end. Great job by Mark Rolofson.
Changed my mind; some of the holds that were there in 1996 aren't there anymore.
My RP in 9/04. Enduro 13a.
So, the sling/tat/satanwebbing talk is super important, but what I'm wondering about is what hold you people clip the last bolt from. The finger lock? The sloper left of the finger lock? The Crystal? It felt like I was heading too far right when I followed the chalk up the arete/egg. Seems like it would be quite a swinging fall from over there. Any tips? Oh and as of now there is no webbing on that bolt so if anyone's been holding back from a webbing-tainted redpoint it's sending time for you! Thanks.
I was on Vasodilator in mid-December and haven't return since due to the recent snows. At the time, there were draws in place on the whole thing, which is certainly convenient; however, the draws are in truly horrific shape. I've never been more certain that a quickdraw would break if I'd fallen on it. A few of the draws are in decent condition, some questionable, and some down right life-threatening. I recognize and adhere strongly to the rules about respecting others' in situ draws on routes, but, in this case, it seems irresponsible to leave these potential time bombs open to the public. As far as I know, the draws are still there (as of 1/8/07). I would vote to remove them as soon as the weather allows climbing in the canyon again. If you did at any point leave draws on the route, go get them and throw them away (maybe not the biners). If they're there later when it warms up, I might have to make an executive decision and get rid of them - they're more in the way and potentially dangerous than helpful. Imagine climbing Vasodilator with a string of small cams and RPs instead of bolts and you get the idea.
The draws that are hanging... are they new??? They look like it.... I am trying to make this my first 13a.... These aren't the draws from earlier this year??? I.e made it through winter???
The flake side pull between the 8th and 9th bolt gave way and is now gone. so instead of going out left you can mantle straight up from the clipping hold at the 8th to the clipping hold at the 9th. I don't think it changes the grade any. Happy sending.
Shameless beta request . . . what's the "secret" to the egg moves? If someone doesn't mind sharing beta, I would truly appreciate a PM. I can get through it but "my way" feels way hard and just plain wrong. Amazing route with a lot of very cool movement.
Hadn't been on Vaso since '97 or so...and yes, I think a couple well used holds aren't there anymore. Speaking of loose holds, a big heads-up to any future suitors - in between the 5th and 6th bolts is a BIG timebomb ready to go! It's the last good rest before getting up into the scoop/shelf crux. You can right hand-jam and left wrist wrap the block to rest, clip the 6th, etc. It could cut your rope, take out your belayer, and definitely wipe out anyone lower in the gully like bowling pins. I'm not a huge proponent of glue, and I don't think it will work anyways. The block is 100% fractured entirely around (36"x12"x6"?) and will move if you try to rock it. We could pry the whole thing off, but I'm certain it will dramatically change the climb (but nature is not timeless anyways). Bolt it to the wall with a 10" bolt? Ha, isn't there some other climb in BoCan that has that?? Anyways, there you have it. Tread lightly and watch out!
I agree with Alex's post about the loose chunk of rock. It is really sketchy (just knock on it) and will probably come off sometime soon. I think trundling it will dramatically change the route and make it waaay harder. Trundling the rock is also really unsafe unless there are spotters below making sure no one is hiking anywhere nearby. I think bolting it to the wall is the best bet, but some Boulder Canyon chossaneers might have a better idea.
I third the comments regarding the loose block, it's as sketchy as any block I've seen on a well-traveled route. It's definitely headed to the ground one way or another, might even happen with another freeze-thaw cycle. While it may change the route considerably when it comes off, I'm not convinced that it could be safely fixed to the wall by glue or bolt. It looks to me as though it's likely to head straight at the belayer if it gives way (the rope also diagonals directly across it). I propose trundling as safely as possible. It would be nice to have some community weigh-in to reach a consensus on the matter. Exercise caution if you do elect to climb on the route while it's still in place.
One possible method might be to drill a bolt into the rock and attach a hanger, then basically lower it off with a rope. If Alex's size estimate is correct, it is probably around 250 lbs or so. If you cut this thing loose, it could pinball down the gully and then shoot down the hillside (maybe to the road, not a lot of trees to stop it).
Slim's answer to the loose block is most likely the best. We have used this process in other places where a trundle would cause considerable harm. 250 lbs is not an excessive load for a lowering belay from the top anchors. It has worked out best for us to redirect the ground belay through a one or two biner system that takes the load off the belayer and serves as 3:1 pulley system. One person climbs up and lowers to the block, places the bolt/hanger, and clips themselves off above the block and off the top anchor (in the unlikely event that it blows). A static line is best for lowering the block so that when it is pried off it will not generate the momentum that would arise from a lead line. The ground belayer then lowers the block using a Grigri.
I would be careful trying to remove this block. You have to remember that it's not just any 13a but one of the flagship 13a's in the canyon. Remove the block and it could instantly become 14a. Some people including myself may be psyched if it becomes several letter grades harder due to already sending the route, although I would want to keep the route as is, since it is such a high quality route and sees so much traffic. Lots of people climb 13a in the Canyon, a lot less people climb 13b, 13c or harder.... Anyone know how long this thing has been loose for? I'm curious as to if it has gotten looser over the years with constant traffic or if it is the same as it was 5 years ago? I think this will be valuable information as to what to do next, so any information would be greatly appreciated. I'll talk to some of my peeps who have put up routes in the Canyon and get their advice as to what to do. Would love to hear from someone who has been on the route both years back and recently to see if the block has gotten looser. I know of other blocks out there including one at Animal World that was bolted to the wall, but obviously thickness and size play a big part in this. If anything is removed, I would talk to some of the bigger name people in the area in terms of bolting and route development prior to doing anything. I'm sure we can all figure something out without compromising the integrity of the route.
I was up there yesterday (Sat., April 21), and think I left my jacket and maybe a long sleeve shirt as well. If anyone grabbed them, please send me a message. It would be greatly appreciated! Thanks.
What is the status of said "loose block"? I was up there this week (1.15.13) and didn't see anything remotely loose or sketchy on the entire route. Great route by the way!
It seems to me that rather than try to coordinate some huge block removal effort, the thing should just be glued (carefully, of course so as not to make a big, ugly mess). The crack is pretty thin in the back, but one of the less viscous anchoring epoxies such as the Simpson Strong-Tie EZ-Pac stuff would get back in there just fine and if done well would be totally invisible. Seems like a tube or two of that stuff couldn't make the situation any worse and might even just solve the problem or at least make the block more stable for someone to then bolt it to the wall in addition. I am happy to help with any effort, but it seems like something should be done pronto so that some poor sport-roper who doesn't check Mtn. Proj every day doesn't go up there and accidentally trundle the damn thing onto a family of top ropers in the gully. If people feel strongly that it should be removed instead, then I am happy to help with that effort as well - it would just be nice to get this resolved this season so people can actually start climbing on the best 13a (or 13b or c post-block removal?) in the canyon again without fear of death/ dismemberment. Anyone interested in getting together and heading up there with everything necessary to either glue/ bolt it or safely remove it, please contact me and let's do this thing.
One of the key things for an epoxy/glue job is that the surfaces need to be clean. I think it would be pretty tough to get inside the crack and get it well cleaned(?).
Slim is exactly correct about gluing. In general, if you want to glue something, you really need to get both bonding surfaces very clean or the glue job won't last and then you have made a real mess that is really hard to clean up. The best case scenario usually involves removing the piece of stone if possible so that you can get into all of the little crevices, etc. and thoroughly clean all of the surfaces. You then let everything dry well and only then do you apply the glue. If you have never done this, please don't make this your first attempt. Moreover, once this thing is off, the best thing to do would probably be to figure out whether not having the hold drastically changes the climb. If it does, well then you can go about reattaching the piece if need be. If folks really think this needs to be dealt with, then perhaps some experienced volunteers will come forward to help figure this out. Until then, please don't go up there and squirt two tubes of glue into a dirty crack.
Hey Guys- Unfortunately, I do have some experience gluing holds in the past. I totally understand about cleaning and wasn't proposing not to clean to the extent possible - I just didn't feel the need to detail that aspect of the proposal. In instances where it is impossible/ impractical to remove the hold in question, I have had really good luck using a keyboard cleaner-type air nozzle - they're very small, so you can slide them back into thin cracks and blast air in there - I'm sure it doesn't get it as clean as using water and a brush or something, but it definitely gets all the loose gunk and dust out of there. That is what I had in mind. If you took the block off this thing (which would be a HUGE bitch in and of itself, hence the suggestion to glue the hold in-situ), there's no way you'd get it back on - way too heavy to reglue - even if you could that would require way more glue of a thicker type and would end up giving you something closer to barrio-style camoflouging (aka none) than having it be invisible. I'm not gonna go rogue or anything and do it on my own without at least some consensus, but seeing as people have been discussing this issue for almost two years now and no one has decided what to do, I just thought I'd light a little fire and see if I could get some targeted discussion going here, so we can get this issue resolved.
Fair enough, Van, sorry if I came across brashly. We just had some mild disasters at Jailhouse in CA with folks trying to "fix" routes and ended up with a glue smeared mess. Moreover, good on you for trying to get the ball rolling. Perhaps some long time locals will chime in here in the near future to drop their two cents. I can't promise that I will have the time, but if you end up needing some help, feel free to contact me. Cheers.


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I really enjoyed my couple day stay at Jardin Azul when we arrived in Cali. The staff was very accommodating as our arrival from the airport was late. The gardens and pool area was beautiful. I could have spent my whole vacation here!!! Just wish there was coffee in the room, as I was up very early and would have... More
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CHICAGO - Former White House chief of staff William Daley has dropped out of the race for Illinois governor.
Spokesman Peter Giangreco confirmed Monday evening that Daley was ending his bid. The announcement came less than four months after he had announced plans to challenge Gov. Pat Quinn for the Democratic nomination.
The development was first reported by the Chicago Tribune.
Daley had criticized Quinn for his handling of the state's pension crisis and other issues.
Daley is the son and brother of two former Chicago mayors. He's a banker and lawyer who also served as chief of staff for President Barack Obama but had never run for public office.


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Celebrities Who Stand Up for a Cause
"Justice for Trayvon Martin" is the rallying cry heard across the nation following the George Zimmerman verdict. Beyonce and Jay-Z are the latest stars to get behind the Martin family's plea for justice. The couple joins a long list of celebrities who've used their platform to amplify a message and stand up for what they believe in. From Stevie Wonder to Jamie Foxx and Alicia Keys, take a look at the celebrities using their status to call for change, beyond entertainment.
Photo Credit: Bradley A. Murray & Jamaar Jervis
- Love & Hip Hop's Joseline Hernandez Reveals Shocking Sex Secret
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- Kerry Washington Sings Duet With Jordin Sparks!


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Agilent Technologies Inc. (NYSE: A) today announced its new design verification and conformance systems for LTE. The three systems extend Agilent's GS-8800 series for cellular design verification and conformance and are intended for engineers testing LTE devices to meet the TS 36.521-1 standard. All three use the Agilent E6621A PXT wireless communications test set as their core signalling engine.
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Agilent Technologies announces that it will demonstrate its high-speed digital test solutions at DesignCon 2011, Jan. 31- Feb. 2, at the Santa Clara Convention Center, Booth 201
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Agilent Technologies Awarded $1.8 Million Contract by U.S. Navy for Handheld Spectrum Analyzers
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Agilent Technologies Introduces Industry's First Design and Test Solution for 3GPP LTE-Advanced
Agilent announces the first commercially available 4G system design library for 3GPP Release 10 - the W1918 LTE-Advanced Library for SystemVue.
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Isaac Amy Wedding Proposal Read
Isaac's Live Lip-Dub Proposal
The Accurate Source To Find Quotes To Isaac's Live Lip-Dub Proposal."
[Isaac's Live Lip-Dub Proposal]
[Bruno Mars – Marry You]
On Wednesday, May 23rd, 2012, I told my girlfriend, Amy, to meet me at my parent's house. When she arrived I had stationed my brother to sit her in the back of a Honda CRV with some headphones on. He "wanted to play her a song"…
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[Isaac's Brother]
Really really nicely, what I want to say about this song is that umm this song really tends to exemplify you and Isaac's relationship. It really does to me. So umm here it goes.
(laughs and smiles)
Oh my –
[Isaac] Source: LYBIO.net
Come here – You already have given me a life time of happiness, would you let me spend the rest of my life trying to give you the same? Will you marry me?
[Friends / Performers] Source: LYBIO.net
(applause – cheers) Yeah!!~~~ Whooo hooo!~~
[Isaac] Source: LYBIO.net
To the 60+ friends and family who helped me put this together: THANK YOU. You'll never know the extent of my gratitude. Special thanks to McGinerton, my partner in crime and the best collaborator in the biz… And to my sweet pea… Thanks for saying "yes".
Isaac's Live Lip-Dub Proposal. Would you let me spend the rest of my life trying to give you the same? Will you marry me? Complete Full Transcript, Dialogue, Remarks, Saying, Quotes, Words And Text.
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Fuelled by EA SPORTS IGNITE, FIFA 14 will feel alive with players who think, move, and behave like world-class footballers, and dynamic stadiums that come to life.
The Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds is a new game with a new storyline set in world of the Super NES classic The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past.
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dude i have a small problem with my perscentile calcuation can u plz help me out coz wen i calculated my percentage manually i gt it as 67% bt wen i calcualted it wid %calcuator i gt it as 64.99% plz do check weather der is any mistake wid %calculator i am a r07 student from mech latral entry plz do gimme a quick rply i m waiting
no i dnt took my cmm n pc yt coz i jus cleared a backlog in 4-1 so am nt aware weather its released r nt
dowload link: http://www.ziddu.com/download/19930191/KIRAN.xls.html
plz do verify n let me knw if am wrong n jus lemme knw weather i cn apply fa grace mearks rule if i gt 64.99% in order 2 make it 65% so that i cn b eligible fa govt. jobs
Last edited by dareddykiran; 07-16-2012 at 09:25 AM.
Percentage calculator is giving the correct % only. can u mention how u r calculating it manually ? are u removing 2 least secured subjects marks from total marks u secured & grand total.
According to MECH R07 lateral entry u need to calculate the percentage in the following way (Manually)
({Total Marks u secured - [Two least subject marks which u secured from 2 to 4 years] } / [4525-200]) * 100
so ur marks are (Least marks u secured are 43 + 44 = 87 & U need to subtract 2 subjects marks from grand total i.e., 4525-200 = 4325)
({2898 - [87] } / 4325 ) * 100 = 64.99%
Hope u got it now. if u want u can check it that same percentage will be mentioned on CMM.
yea tanx dude i m gettin 64.99 nly n cn i apply for grace marks rule so dat i can gt 65% which ill help me becoming eligible for some govt jobs
any one tell me i had a one problem i have two backlogs with 10 credits
can't jntu chage this rule to make leave 10 credits with two subjects
why because jntu declared that exception of two subjets i;e will take
one first year sub and one any remaining year subject.
it will can;t because acc to jntu 8 credits only we should leave then what is te problem when we take the consideration into make two subjects as from first year and remaining years if it case 6 + 4 or 6 + 6 credits subjects
It will refers simply two subjects we should leave This will Help So many People who were facing the same problem for award of the degree.
please see the rule and change the rule this was as a request................
please reply with my quote
Last edited by dhana.babu999; 07-31-2012 at 12:07 PM.
Thanks for such a good stuff for the students for percentage, credits calculator which is really helping to all.
i am a student of jntuk r07 . i have calculated my % on %calc. i was getting 60.1% when excluding 2 subjects from d %calc..!! but when i am calculating from normal calc i am getng 57.9% ..!!! which 1 should i consider plz help me out ...!!
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(This article was originally published in Cichlid News Magazine; october 1996; Aquatic Promotions Vol. 5 No. 4. pp. 65-70.).
Herichthys labridens female guarding her spawn, placed under a water lilie leaf (ninphaea sp.) in Medialuna spring, Pánuco system. Photo by Juan Miguel Artigas Azas. |
Herichthys labridens is a Cichlid that certainly calls attention, it's beautiful breeding colors make it one of the most beautiful Central American Cichlids, and, however, it is also a Cichlid of which few things are known, being too much to know. Observations here written correspond to my own, carried out over several years, in which I have spent countless hours submerged in the waters of its habitat. I have also had the experience of captive maintenance and breeding of this species in my home aquariums.
Herichthys labridens was initially introduced to science when professor Alfredo Dugès of the University of Guanajuato, an avid explorer and collector, sent the specimens collected in the Rioverde valley in the center part of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí (100°52'W.LON, 21°52'N.LAT) to the French Ichthyologist Jaques Pellegrin, who recognized the species as new. Pellegrin named the fish Heros labridens, specific name referring from the latin terms labrun meaning upper lip and dens meaning tooth, indicating this fish characteristic. The formal scientific description was published in "Description de cichlidés, nouveaux de la collection du Museúm", published in 1903 in the "Bulletin of the Natural History Museum in Paris" (Pellegrin, 1903), types of the species were deposited in the museum's collection.
In spite of the fact the "mojarra caracolera" was initially placed in the genus Heros by Pellegrin, a year after it's description, Herichthys labridens was re-described by the same Pellegrin (Pellegrin 1904), this time placing it in the Cichlasoma genus and accompanying illustrations of dentition and syntype. Regan reestablished the Cichlid, synonimized in 1904 with Herichthys bartoni by Meek, as a full species in 1905, as part of his Parapetenia section. The section was raised to generic status by Jordan, Evermann and Clark in 1930, this opinion is however, not accepted to our days, Parapetenia Regan 1905 being a junior synonym of Nandopsis Gill 1862. Therefore labridens remained in the Cichlasoma genus until Sven Kullander restricted it in 1983 (Kullander 1983, 1986), to some species related with the type species, Cichlasoma bimaculatum. The same Kullander in 1996 (Kullander 1996) published a diagnosis for Herichthys, where, based on some basic patterns of coloration, included labridens.
There has always been confusion relating the identity of the "Mojarra caracolera". Type locality established for the species was "Huasteca Potosina", which refers to a very large area, where several related forms inhabit, Guanajuato was as well given as a type locality, this last however most likely a mistake, originated by Professor Duges provenience. Posterior scientific papers on the species later than the description use fish from several locations and consider them all as Cihlasoma labridens", like that of Miller and Taylor (Miller & Taylor, 1983), where labridens variants are considered geographical forms and their differences stated. Another possibility not yet studied fully is that those forms could be species of the same group. In this respect Dr. Robert Rush Miller (pers. comm.) emeritus professor of the University of Michigan and one of the foremost authorities on Mexican freshwater fish, will describe the "tamul" labridens, an endemic labridens form from the Rio Gallinas, as a separate species.
The reason that leads me to presume that the Rioverde valley labridens is the fish originally meant as 'Cichlasoma' labridens, without having examined the museum types myself, stems from the fact that professor Alfredo Dugès carried out his collection in the Rioverde valley (Pellegrin 1903), and sent the types of the sympatric Cichlasoma bartoni to Bean (Bean, 1891) for his description, with specimens from the same collection. To this fact we have to add the original description of Herichthys labridens, which indicates the presence of a massive pharyngeal mollar shaped teeth, especially designed to crush mollusks, the favorite diet of Herichthys labridens in the Rioverde valley springs (Miller 1983), unique among the Herichthys labridens complex
A view of Medialuna spring, Pánuco system, San Luis Potosí, México. Photo by Juan Miguel Artigas Azas. |
The "mojarra caracolera" has its habitat in the basin of Santa María and Verde rivers, west from the mouth of the Pánuco river in the gulf of México, in the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí. There are two geographic forms of this fish; one inhabiting the springs of the Rioverde valley and the second the rivers of reference. Both forms differ strongly from each other externally in their morphology and in their digestive apparatus (Miller & Taylor, 1983). The riverine form posses a more elongated body and a slightly rounded head, in contrast to the almost straight forehead and produced snout of the spring from, with eyes farther back, adapted for feeding in the soft substrate of the springs.
In the Rioverde valley, the "mojarra caracolera" can be found in springs scattered through the arid surface of the valley, some of them being: "La media luna", "los anteojitos", "manga larga", "los peroles", "las tablas", "laguna de San Bartolo" and "el Aguaje". Separated by distances up to sixty kilometers from each other.
The spring form of the fish has a reduced population, just a few can be found in each of the springs, where they live together with the endemic Herichthys bartoni, who outnumbers labridens by much. Another fish species sharing the habitat are: family goodeidae; Ateniobious toweri, Ictaluridae; Ictalurus mexicanus, Characinidae; Astyanax fasciatus, Cyprinodontidae; Cualac Tesselatus, Cyprinidae; Dionda mandibularis and Dionda dichroma and Poecilidae; Poecilia mexicana. The exotic species are also plentiful, although fortunately they are not present in all of the springs. Those are from the family Cichlidae; Herichthys carpintis, representing a menace to the population of the "Mojarra caracolera" in the Media Luna spring, as it hybridizes with Herichthys labridens and preys on the young as well. Sarotherodon aureus; the most widely distributed in the springs. The family Poecilidae also has exotic representation; Poecilia latipunctata; threatened in its habitat in the Tamesí river and plentiful in the Medialuna spring, and Gambusia panuco.
Medialuna spring, Pánuco river system, San Luis Potosí, México. Photo by Juan Miguel Artigas Azas. |
In the verde and Santa María rivers Herichthys labridens is a plentiful species. It shares its habitat with Ictalurus mexicanus, Astyanax fasciatus, Poecilia mexicana and Gambusia panuco. The exotics. also present, are; Herichthys carpintis (Which naturally inhabits the lower parts of the Pánuco river), Sarotherodon aureus and Micropterus salmoides, a real threat for Herichthys labridens. Those species, nevertheless, are absent in Santa María river, with the probable exception of Sarotherodon aureus, present in some tracks of the river.
The springs show a bottom substrate covered by detritus layers and in some few cases mud (El aguaje, Las tablas). Immersed wood is also found in some of the springs (Los peroles, manga larga). Aquatic vegetation is also present, the most distributed are water lilies of the ninphaea genus, although some other types can be also be observed (La Media luna, El aguaje).
Water conditions in the springs and those of the river differ significantly. Springs are characterized by clear water with a constant temperature, from 26° to 32° Celsius degrees depending on the individual spring. Water chemistry gives lectures of high hardness, 50 German degrees or more. pH over 7.5. Verde river water has much less transparency than that of the springs, with variable temperatures depending of the time on the year. With an estimated temperature range from 20° to 28° Celsius. Water hardness is significantly less in the river although pH shows similar lectures.
Herichthys labridens juvenile in normal coloration. Medialuna spring. Photo by Juan Miguel Artigas Azas. |
Herichthys labridens juvenile looking for snails in the soft bottom of Medialuna spring, Pánuco, México. Photo by Juan Miguel Artigas Azas. |
Herichthys labridens juvenile in "hunting" coloration, Medialuna spring, Pánuco, México. Photo by Juan Miguel Artigas Azas. |
Herichthys labridens female stirring the detritus to feed the fry in Medialuna spring, Pánuco, México. Photo by Juan Miguel Artigas Azas. |
Herichthys bartoni breeding pair caring for their fry in Medialuna spring, Pánuco, México. Photo by Juan Miguel Artigas Azas. |
Herichthys labridens from the springs is one of the most attractive cichlids there is. Its variable coloration and its interesting habits make this cichlid a real jewel. Normal coloration is golden yellow with five or six black blotches placed in a longitudinal row in the posterior part of the flanks. The head shows a blue coloration and over most of the body and fins a blue dotted pattern is present. Variability of the coloration has even driven to suggest (Staeck & Seegers, 1984) the existence of an additional species in the springs, which is not the case.
The mojarra caracolera spends its time close to the sandy or detritus bottom of the springs looking for its favorite food; snails. During hunting time coloration darkens to an almost velvety black, sometimes with some blue dots scattered on the body. The cichlid swims close to the bottom of the shallow areas of springs or channels in a lonely way, or joined by younger conspecific individuals. It stops once in a while to examine a small area. Then, with its chest and pectoral fins, wags the detritus until some snails are uncovered, those are taken and crushed with its powerful branchial musculature, easily observed from above. Once the snails are taken, the accompanying detritus is expelled through the gills, and the snails then crushed, with the shells subsequently expelled by the mouth. While hunting the younger individuals of Herichthys labridens follow the adults to take advantage of smaller snails or unwanted prey, those younger are usually ignored by the adults.
The situation for the riverine Herichthys labridens counterparts is quite different. They move in small groups of individuals of several ages in the faster flowing parts of the rivers, looking continuously among the boulders for small invertebrates or crustaceans, which ingest with a quick bite.
Coloration of the riverine Herichthys labridens is similar to that of their spring counterparts, although it is less variable and the dark feeding phase is not present. Males of "Mojarra Caracolera" reach a size of around 20 centimeters, while females grow to a slightly smaller length, around 18 centimeters.
Reproduction of the "Mojarra caracolera" takes place during the whole year in the springs form, given the constant nature of the conditions found in that habitat. However, a bigger activity is found from January to June, when due to the dry season water temperature increase slightly.
Pairs of Herichthys labridens are formed with males with a minimum length of 15 centimeters, and females no smaller than 12. They form with anticipation of the establishment of a territory, which can take several days after mating. When this happens, several potential spawning places should have already been examined. Once a site is chosen, in my observations generally the lower part of a water lillie leave (ninphaea) or some small calcareous stone (scarce in the springs) located in an isolated area. The pair proceeds to its cleaning followed by the spawning act, depositing several hundred yellowish-orange ovoid eggs, with an approximate size of two millimeters in its mayor axis. The adhesive eggs are placed with some separation between them, generally over a vertical surface, which I presume is done to avoid the accumulation of detritus over them.
Breeding coloration exhibited by this fish is maybe the most beautiful found in a Central American cichlid, only rivaled by the sympatrical Herichthys bartoni. The body takes a bicolor coloration, with a striking contrast of a canary yellow in body and fins, and well marked black areas in the lower half of the head and belly, as well as in posterior part of the flanks to the caudal peduncle. Caudal and anal fins maintain the bright yellow coloration. The tips of the two or three anterior dorsal spines also turn black. In fact, a sight worth to behold!
Eggs are carefully taken care of by the female, who stays alongside avoiding any particle to settle on them. The male stays in the perimeter of the territory, chasing away intruders, although he is not willing to face any big danger, like for example a human approaching. Given the case, the male gets away from the territory, and only the female stays. The eggs take a couple of days to hatch and the wrigglers are then placed in a pre dug pit on the base of the spawning site, for their protection. In this place they stay for five more days until the hanging yolk sacks have been consumed, providing their first meal.
Once the fry starts swimming they are carried by the parents throughout the habitat, and they never come back to the spawning place. The fry are guided by spasmodic movements of closing and opening of their parents fins, and shaking of the body, movements that are followed closely by the fry. The male takes the general direction, while the female keeps close to the babies. In this phase the male feels more attached to the fry and keeps closer to them. A good amount of time and energy has been already invested in the batch of fry. When dangers become present, he normally faces them. Even the presence of human beings is tolerated most times, without running away.
Feeding of the fry is something fascinating. The parents, in alternated turns dig part of their chest and belly into the soft organic detritus in the springs or river bottom. Wagging it to cause small detritus clouds, over which the small fry immediately forage on the uncovered edibles. This behavior continues without stopping.
When a menace approaches, immediately the pair proceeds to guide their fry to the protective cover offered by the water lilies (ninphaea sp.), under whose leaves they take shelter till the danger goes away.
The fry finally abandons their parents when they have reached a size that allows them to survive by themselves, around two centimeters in length. It is at this moment that they seek for shelter around the dense underwater cover offered by the water Lillie beds. When they are a little bigger they join the adults in the hunt for snails, like apprentices. The pair, once their fry gets dispersed, splits maybe permanently, getting back to their normal behavior.
The potential natural pedrators of Herichthys labridens are several, although none in an specialized way. We could talk about fish eating birds, like loons, herons and king fishers, plentiful in the habitat, although perhaps the favorite preys of those are the smaller Astyanax fasciatus. Other potential pedrators are the water turtles and snakes, also plentiful in the habitat. Humans do not consider the "Mojarra caracolera" a desirable meal, given the totality of the catch and farming of the native people focus on the introduced Sarotherodon aureus. Herichthys labridens doesn't seem to suffer a strong pressure from the pedrators.
Captive maintenance considerations
The "mojarra caracolera" can be kept successfully in captivity. Tanks of a suitable size and good water quality being perhaps the main requirements. The high aggressiveness of this cichlid lead us to aquariums with a minimum length of 1.2 meters (4 feet). At least I wouldn't suggest anything smaller. Aquariums longer than two meters (6'8") allow us to observe a more natural behavior of the species. If wild specimens are obtained, quarantine should be considered. An existent disease in the natural habitat in the Pánuco river basin and generally just rarely manifest in wild specimens, under the stress conditions of an aquarium will surely do. Once it does, it will be hard to eradicate. So it is always necessary to quarantine. The disease manifest itself by a pop out of scales in one area of the flanks, growing concentrically and causing an ulcer in the skin, which spreads until it kills the fish. At the beginning the fish seems not to notice the ulcer, but in a few days will stop feeding, this is a point of no return. I have noted that the disease can be prevented or even treated with the help of the parasiticidal "Clout" tm.
Feeding of Herichthys labridens is not a problem, it takes whatever is offered, although it is always better to avoid foods with grease or a high contain of terrestrial animal protein, which can originate digestive disorders.
Water chemistry plays a secondary paper as long as extremes are avoided. However, the quality of the water is of first importance. Even at the slightest loss of water quality the fish losses appetite and become susceptible to sickness. Because of this it is important to keep the aquarium well circulated with good water quality. Frequent water changes are a big help in this respect.
I want to conclude this article with a consideration relative to the conservation of this species. The springs in the desert zones suffer the pressure of the growing demand of water for human use. This has led to the disappearing of many of the springs with the consequent extinction of inhabiting species, a fact not only deplorable by itself, but that does not resolve any problem. It is just a mater of time for the underground water reserves to get unable to sustain the amount of extracted water and its extraction forced to be rationalized or even stopped for a period of time, with the consequent bankruptcy of the human activities. Underground reserves will likely reestablish in time, but no so the disappeared fauna of the springs. Another danger is the introduction of exotic species, like has happened in the popular Media Luna spring. Non native species, will just put stress on native ones and endanger them, leading them even to disappear. This is also a big problem, so we have to make consciousness of not introducing species that do not belong to a habitat, but to dispose of them in another ways. Beyond the ecological richness and beauty that the desert species represent, they also let us understand evolution and geological processes. It is for this reason that someday we'll have to get conscious of the conservation of desert water bodies.
The relatively reduced number of individuals of the "Mojarra caracolera" in the Rioverde valley springs make them a susceptible target to disappear in any given moment because of the alteration of its natural habitat. This is something we should get conscious of.
Herichthys labridens female guarding her fry in Medialuna spring, Pánuco, México. Photo by Juan Miguel Artigas Azas. |
- Bean, T.H., 1891, "Notes on fishes collected in México", Procedures U.S. Natural Museum.
- Kullander, Sven, 1983. "A revision of the South American Cichlid Genus Cichlasoma (Teleostei: Cichlidae)", Stockholm.
- Kullander, Sven, 1986, "Cichlid Fishes of the Amazon river drainage in Perú", Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm.
- Kullander, Sven; 1996; "Heroina inonycterina, a new genus and species of cichlid fish from Western Amazonia, with comments on Cichlasomine systematics"; Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters,Vol. 7 No. 2, pp.149-172, 13 figs, 5 tabs, September 1996. Verlag Dr. Friedrisch Pfeil, München, FRG - ISSN 0936-9902.
- Miller, R.R. and J.N. Taylor, 1983 "Cichlid fishes (Genus Cichlasoma) of the Rio Pánuco Basin, eastern México, with description of a new species", Occasional papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 104; pp 1-24.
- Pellegrin, Jaques, 1903, "Description de cichlidés, nouveaux de la collection du Museúm", Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris. 9:120-125.
- Regan, C. Tate, 1905. "A revision of the fishes of the American Cichild Genus Cichlosoma and of the Allied Genera." Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser 7(16): 60-77, 225-243, 432-445.
- Staeck W. and Seegers L., 1984, "Die Fishe der Laguna Media Luna und der Laguna Los Anteojitos, río Verde, Mexiko. 3 Die Cichliden", Datz 37:204-209.
- Rivera Anaya, José, 1981, "Rioverde, la ciudad y el valle", Ayuntamiento de Rio Verde, S.L.P. pp:38-50.


text:
Statement of August Schumacher,
Under Secretary of Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services
Before the Senate Committee on Agriculture
Washington, D.C.
September 30, 1999
Mr. Chairman, members of the Committee, I am pleased to appear before the Committee with Ambassador Scher to discuss the new round of multilateral trade negotiations on agriculture under the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Importance of Trade to U.S. Agriculture
These are very difficult times for our farmers and ranchers. Nearly four straight years of record production worldwide; financial problems in Asia, Russia and elsewhere contributed to depressed commodity prices. In some cases, prices have fallen to 30-year lows. The anguish and doubt among farmers in the United States is as great as I have seen during my time as Under Secretary. I know each of you faces similar problems with your own farmers and ranchers.
The key lesson from the last four years is the critical significance of trade to our farm economy. Although boosting exports will not happen overnight and we cannot export our way out of todays crisis, we must look to overseas markets for the long term. Agriculture is already more reliant on exports than other sectors of the economy as a whole. This reliance is projected to grow.
Accordingly, we need an open and fair trading system and reliable markets. Do not take my word for it, look at the facts. The true test came in late 1997 and 1998 when 40 percent of the economies in the rest of the world stumbled badly. We are not out of the woods yet, but we are seeing positive signs in Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia. As a result, the Department of Agriculture (USDA) is forecasting a slight increase in U.S. agricultural exports in fiscal year 2000 to $50 billion.
U.S. Goals for Agriculture
In his last State of the Union address, President Clinton called on all the nations of the world to tear down barriers, open markets, and expand trade; he said "we must ensure that ordinary citizens in all countries actually benefit from trade."
Nowhere is this more important than in agriculture. That is why the United States has developed a bold agricultural agenda for the next round of WTO negotiations that includes:
1) The elimination of export subsidies, which make for unfair trading practices and depress world commodity prices;
2) Further reduction of worldwide tariffs, which average about 50 percent on agricultural goods in other parts of the world as compared to about 8 percent in the United States;
3) The expansion of market access under tariff-rate quotas (TRQs).
4) Developing disciplines on State Trading Enterprises (STEs) so that their operations do not distort trade;
5) The facilitation of trade in products of biotechnology; and
Opposing the opening of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement to ensure the continued effectiveness of the rules governing SPS measures, so that regulations are based on scientific data and analysis and nations cannot mask protectionism behind un-validated, secretive studies.
Since we first outlined these goals, we at USDA have sought advice and ideas from all segments of our agricultural industry through 12 listening sessions as we develop our U.S. agricultural trade policy goals for the next round.
USTR and USDA continue to work through the Agricultural Policy Advisory Committee and the five Agricultural Technical Advisory Committees for Trade to gather advice on the U.S. negotiating strategy. We will continue to meet in Washington, DC with all six committees leading into the Seattle ministerial in November. I am pleased to report that we are engaged in a full interagency effort Commerce, State, Labor, Treasury, and other cabinet agencies are well steeped in the efforts to pursue Americas agricultural agenda.
As we plan our negotiating strategy, we also are consulting with other countries. In August, the Secretary traveled to Argentina to attend the Cairns Group meetings in Buenos Aires. Tomorrow, I will be meeting with the agricultural ministers of Canada, the European Union (EU), Australia, and Japan as part of the Quint Group in Montreal, Canada, to exchange ideas and their perspectives on the next round. While we have many allies in our quest for freer and fairer world agricultural trade, there is, of course, considerable opposition. There are powerful voices who see agricultural trade not as a win-win situation, but as a zero-sum game where the exporter wins and the importer loses.
Both the U.S. and Chinese economies will benefit if the most populous country in the world participates in the new round. Chinas accession to the WTO would hasten its integration into the world economy and complement our efforts to maintain stability in the Pacific by linking Chinas economy more closely with the rest of the worlds.
A sound agreement with China will open Chinese agricultural markets to U.S. exporters, strengthen the world trading system, and give U.S. farmers and other agricultural interests stronger protection against unfair trade practices and import surges. The principles of the WTO transparency, fair trade practices, peaceful settlement of disputes, the rule of law are those we hope to advance in China and worldwide.
Our trade relationship with the EU illustrates the need for the agricultural reforms that I mentioned before. Earlier this year, in its Agenda 2000 proposal, the EU retreated from fundamental reform of its domestic agricultural policies. These polices have invariably led to the continued use of export subsidies and domestic support programs that distort world prices and agricultural trade. Other countries have also called on the EU to restructure its farm policies in particular to eliminate EU export subsidies. The Cairns Group has joined us in calling for the elimination of export subsidies.
The EU has yet to comply with WTO rulings on lifting the ban on imports of U.S. beef from hormone-treated cattle and on its banana import regime. It is important for the integrity of the system that all WTO members, including the EU, honor their international obligations.
In biotechnology, the EUs slow pace, indecision, and failure to develop a consistent, science-based approval process have disrupted trade and threaten to constrain innovation in one of the most promising new technologies for ensuring future global food security. Under the rule-based system of the relevant WTO agreements, countries must base their policies on science. To do otherwise will lead to trade chaos and thwart progress for agricultural issues in the next round. Conclusion
Mr. Chairman, everyone in this room knows the importance of trade to U.S. agriculture. In the recent past, we've been sobered by a global financial crisis that has devastated many of the emerging Asian economies, as well as impacted Japan, and softened demand in Russia. While we are seeing some strengthening in the Asian economies, we continue to face global oversupply of many commodities that has sent prices plunging to their lowest levels in years. We have learned that our farmers cannot rely entirely on trade as their only safety net, but we must continue our efforts to reform world agricultural trade so they have new, more open markets and a level playing field.
As President Clinton said earlier this year in Chicago:
"We ought to continue to expand trade. We ought to enforce our agreements more vigorously. But I do not believe that a country with 4.5 percent of the worlds people can maintain its standard of living if we dont have more customers."
To realize the potential of the global marketplace, we have a lot of work ahead of us. We must construct a world trading system where every producer gets a fair shake and where all products, goods and services are traded freely across oceans and continents.
In the next round of WTO negotiations agricultural trade will be the focal point, and we will be working hard to help American agriculture maintain and expand our export markets overseas.
Mr. Chairman, that concludes my statement. I would be happy to answer any questions the committee may have.
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