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TASMANIANS are blessed to have plenty of great fruit entering the festive season.
The bounty of the harvest is overflowing with ripe, juicy goodness with growers busy bringing cherries, raspberries, strawberries, apricots and blueberries on to the local market.
Growers are looking to the heavens and hoping no major events, such as extreme wind and heavy rains, dampen the party.
Tony McDermott, of Orani Vineyard and Fruit Farm at Sorell, said there was plenty of great fruit available.
"We are picking cherries and have a huge crop of apricots," Mr McDermott said.
The farm ships its pre-Christmas cherry orders throughout Australia.
Fruit Growers Tasmania business development manager, Lucy Gregg, said the fruit was tasting very good with plenty of flavour.
"We have some really good-looking, quality fruit available," Ms Gregg said.
Final protocols at government-to-government level are being finalised for the Tasmanian cherry export deal to China.
Tasmanian cherry growers will be looking to tap into the top end of the export market to supply the Chinese New Year celebrated across a number of Asian countries in January or February.
Read more on The Mercury.


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Echo Mackenzie on Art Basel, Design Miami
by Staff | Tuesday, December 11, 2012 | 1 Comment
Echo Mackenzie, vice president of marketing for Edelman Leather, loves a good show. Especially where art is concerned. That's why she agreed to send us her top picks from the Art Basel and Design Miami fairs while touring both in Miami this past weekend.
Interestingly, Mackenzie noted that nearly every booth at the Art Basel fair was similar in look and design, right down to the white walls to show off the art. Very gallery-esque. Very unlike what interior shows are like.
And of the three booths she saw that actually had painted walls, she called them: "Stellar." I guess we know how she feels about that.
For Echo Mackenzie's Art Basel favorites, go here.
For Echo Mackenzie's Design Miami favorites, go here.
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shobi mirzq
Posted Wednesday, December 12, 2012 at 02:02 am | Permalink
Thanks a lott for updates of art of living

subset: commoncrawl


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Stocks vs. Reality
Keith Fitz-Gerald of Money Map Press on the current market rally despite economic doldrums.
Aug 17, 2012
You're watching...
Keith Fitz-Gerald of Money Map Press on the current market rally despite economic doldrums.
Aug 17, 2012
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Right now I like you to think of the American dream that's for stocks.
Look how far these stocks have moved from the respective 52 week lows first Children's Place now they sell children's clothing.
Up 49%.
Then there's PetSmart up 83%.
That's the dream home hopefully up 293%.
You'll also meet the so called white picket fence Lumber Liquidators up 224%.
-- -- a company announced Keith FitzGerald with money map press.
Came the American dream at least in the stock market seems to be alive and well as there's some sort of disconnect from them these amazing moves and reality.
Yeah I think there is as you well know this market is operating in a tremendous reality distortion field that is prompted by -- federal meddling Central Bank -- guidance and malfeasance and Wall Street.
So I think what's happened here is some of these stocks have gotten ahead of themselves reality does not bear out these numbers and what you're seeing is a big move based on people who were desperate for some -- speculative play in to catch up on returns.
It does seem -- that you know we -- less -- than we've ever -- before -- rates have gone down you know home foreclosures are just abysmal.
In the last three or four years and still.
These stocks have made a huge move now what about the old notion though.
That the stock market was a -- looking indicator that perhaps it's saying that the American dream is on the cusp of returning.
Well I don't know what to make of that but let me point out something interesting here is an indicator is called the score -- indicator and that sounds like pseudoscience but it actually comes from Wharton economist Robert Taylor 1926.
Women skirt -- right now at 33 inches are the longest they've been since the Great Depression.
We don't know about where the stock markets leading or lagging but we do know it's a reflection mass psychology.
What this tells us according to studies that have gone all the way since 1926.
Is that hem lines tend to pre seed mass psychological reflections of the economy.
That means we've got two to three years of conservative behavior head of -- Victoria Beckham is rocking along look.
Eva Longoria Madonna any of these these celebrity women are taking longer more concerted skirts the fashion shows in Berlin Paris and align our United States.
Are all showing longer more conservative -- so I would take that over the market getting ahead of itself he FitzGerald man thanks level love having almost see you next week thanks.
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The Surprisingly Strange Physics of Water
1. Race to the bottom
A logical person might assume that it would take longer for hot water to plunge down the temperature scale to 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius) and freeze than would cold water. But oddly enough, this is not always the case. As was first observed by a Tanzanian high school student, Erasto Mpemba, in 1963, hot water actually freezes faster than cold water when the two bodies of water are exposed to the same subzero surroundings.
And no one knows why.
One possibility is that the Mpemba effect results from a heat circulation process called convection. In a container of water, warmer water rises to the top, pushing the colder water beneath it and creating a "hot top." Scientists speculate that convection could somehow accelerate the cooling process, allowing hotter water to freeze faster than cooler water, despite how much more mercury it has to cover to get to the freezing point.
2. Levitating liquid
When a drop of water lands on a surface much hotter than its boiling point, it can skitter across the surface for much longer than you'd expect. Called the Leidenfrost effect, this occurs because, when the bottom layer of the drop vaporizes, the gaseous water molecules in that layer have nowhere to escape, so their presence insulates the rest of the droplet and prevents it from touching the hot surface below. The droplet thus survives for several seconds without boiling away.
3. Empty space
Though the solid form of almost every substance is denser than its liquid form, due to the fact that atoms in solids normally pack tightly together, this does not hold true for H2O. When water freezes, its volume increases by about 8 percent. This is the strange behavior that allows ice cubes, and even gargantuan icebergs, to float.
When water cools to its freezing point, there's less energy causing its molecules to slosh around, so that the molecules are able to form steadier hydrogen bonds with their neighbors, and gradually lock into position; this is the same basic process that causes all liquids to solidify. And just like in other solids, the bonds between molecules in ice are indeed shorter and tighter than the loose bonds in liquid water; the difference is that the hexagonal structure of ice crystals leaves a lot of empty space, which makes ice less dense than water overall.
The volume surplus can sometimes be seen in the form of "ice spikes " on top of ice cubes in your freezer. These spikes are composed of the excess water that is squeezed out of a cube by the freezing (and expanding) ice around it. In a container, water tends to freeze from the sides and bottom toward the center and top, so that the ice expands toward the middle. Sometimes, a pocket of water gets trapped in the middle with nowhere to run, and squirts out of a hole in the top of the cube, freezing in the shape of a squirt.
4. One of a kind
As the saying goes, "no two snowflakes are alike." Indeed, in the entire history of snow, every single one of these beautiful structures has been completely unique. Here's why: A snowflake starts out as a simple hexagonal prism. As each freezing flake falls, it bumps into a unique range of shape-changing conditions, including different temperatures, humidity levels and air pressures. That's enough variables that the crystal formation never happens in the same way twice.
That said, the cool thing about snowflakes is that their six arms grow in perfect synchrony, creating hexagonal symmetry, because each arm experiences the same conditions as all the others.
5. Where are you from?
The exact origin of our planet's water, which covers about 70 percent of Earth's surface, is still a mystery to scientists. They suspect that any water that conglomerated on the surface of the planet as it formed 4.5 billion years ago would have evaporated off from the intense heat of the young, blazing sun. That means the water we have now must have gotten here later.
How? Well, during a period around 4 billion years ago called the Late Heavy Bombardment, massive objects, probably from the outer solar system, hit Earth and the inner planets. It's possible that these objects were filled with water, and that these collisions could have delivered gigantic reservoirs of water to Earth.
Comets a chunks of ice and rock with tails of evaporating ice that make long, looping orbits around the Sun — are likely culprits for what landed us with all this liquid. There's one problem, however: Remote measurements of the water evaporating off of several major comets (Halley, Hyakutake, and Hale-Bopp) have revealed that their water ice is made of a different type of H20 (containing a heavier isotope of hydrogen) than Earth's, suggesting that such comets may not be the source of all our wonderful water.
(via tinyseacreature)


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Monday | Claremont Courier
Spread cheer and enjoy the holidays with these activities
Join the Claremont Senior Program for festive holiday meal, live entertainment and a visit from Santa, among other surprises, on Tuesday, December 10 from 10 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. at Taylor Hall, 1775 N. Indian Hill Boulevard.
Are You as Liberal as President Obama?
Should government buildings be allowed to display religious symbols?
Robbery suspect evades police, leaves behind kilo of cocaine
On Friday, December 6, at approximately 1:30 p.m., a Claremont police officer observed a vehicle stopped at the intersection of Arrow Highway and Indian Hill Boulevard that was related to a strong-arm robbery that had been reported in Claremont earlier in the day.
A pair of local children assist Claremont Mayor Opanyi Nasiali in flipping the switch to light the tree during the 2013 Holiday Promenade and Tree Lighting Ceremony on Friday in the Village.
Glendora PD Part of Multi-Agency AB 109 Task Force
The Public Safety Realignment Act, otherwise known as AB 109, has put a strain on local law enforcement since its inception in Oct. 2011 by giving potentially dangerous criminals an early release from state prisons.
Sale of La Puerta site yields nearly $19 million for CUSD
At the November 21 meeting of the Claremont Unified School District Board of Education, the board approved the sale of a large parcel of surplus property, the site of the short-lived La Puerta Intermediate School.
Claremont moves with public hearing on water purchase
The city of Claremont will host a public meeting on Wednesday, December 18 to address the environmental impact report for a potential acquisition of the Claremont water system.
Piedmont College Conference to explore The Dignity of Difference
Piedmont College has announced plans for its seventh annual Religion and the Liberal Arts Conference, which will be held in Claremont and Pomona, Calif., Feb. 28 and March 1, 2014.
Why limit yourself to enjoying the Pomona College Museum of Art during the daytime when you can get a more intimate and exciting experience after hours? Current exhibitions on view will be extended for you to gaze at, while you can attend a zine workshop with Bridgetown DIY at 8p.m. There will be live music co-sponsored by SPC, featuring Little ... (more)
With Chanukah marking the rededication of the holy temple in Jerusalem after the Maccabees' defeat of Judea's Seleucid rulers more than 2,000 years ago, the week of the holiday turned out to be the perfect time for the Academy of Jewish Religion, California to celebrate the opening of its new campus in Koreatown.
Smallest bookworms find a remodeled library ready for the holidays
Claremont's littlest bookworms have found home just in time for the holidays with the recent reopening of the Claremont Public Library's children's section.
Thieves pick up the pace for stealing goods from shoppers
As Claremont residents take to the malls and local businesses this holiday season, burglars are doing their fair share of holiday shopping as well.
Claremont streets to get facelift over the holidays
As part of the project, the city's contractor will remove and replace deteriorated asphalt on Garey Avenue, north of Amherst; Oak Hollow Road; College Avenue at Bonita Avenue; Bonita Avenue, west of College Avenue; San Jose Avenue at four locations east of College Avenue; Sumner Avenue, north of Lane Court; and Base Line Road at Towne Avenue.
Albany College of Pharmacy welcomes next president from California
Dr. Gregory Dewey, eighth president of the Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences.
Tracy Beasom, a resident of Claremont since 1955, died peacefully at home on November 28, 2013 with her husband by her side.
Celebrate the holiday spirit at Claremont's city tree-lighting
The city of Claremont kicks off the holiday season on Friday, December 6 with the yearly Holiday Promenade and Tree Lighting Ceremony, taking place in the Claremont Village.
Claremont Library to host Book Lovers Book Sale
The holidays will be upon us shortly, and the Friends of the Claremont Library will provide an ample opportunity to find perfect, distinctive books that will delight each person on your gift list.
In the Santa suit was Karl Hilgert, of Claremont, Calif., who came with his own snowy white beard and a desire to protest what he claimed are unfair working conditions for Walmart employees.
Santa arrested for civil disobedience for peacefully protesting near Walmart
In the Sacramento area, the suburban town of Roseville saw workers picketing on Black Friday , according to the news article, Protesters to Picket Walmart on Black Friday , and in another California city, Claremont, yesterday, on Black Friday, police arrested a man dressed as Santa at a protest against Walmart in California.
Group stages Black Friday Wal-Mart protest
A labor group and supporters used the Black Friday shopping period for a Southern California demonstration over wages and working conditions at Wal-Mart, leading to arrests of 10 people who sat down in an intersection and waited to be taken away by police.


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You're watching...
Liberal voters fear Romney victory?
Obama campaign volunteer too 'distraught' to exercise
Oct 31, 2012
You're watching...
Obama campaign volunteer too 'distraught' to exercise
Oct 31, 2012
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-- -- The real devastation.
Is way too hard to comprehend.
I speak for separate -- lives who suffer from the fear of an Obama loss this is their sandy.
-- according to an -- -- article Frisco led to -- free ads for short are suffering so much they cannot exercise in their home gyms they suffer from panic attacks.
There's sleepless for days so while east coasters face real danger these folks -- at a world without Obama.
Whose fault is that well -- look didn't work big bird floundered smearing Romney failed so all they have left is fear.
Their -- And this is what happens when you make politics personal while cutting yourself off from the rest of the world these folks only know hardline progressives said to them it's not an election.
It's the war of the worlds -- like aliens bent on eating their brains.
-- -- -- Which is why the Obama campaign keeps courting the same votes.
Over and over again they don't know how to talk to anyone else that's why there are no blue dog Democrats anymore they left the planet.
Putting Britain trouble -- Ghazi is like trick or treating on -- skipped record continually getting the same house after all the candy is gone.
You preach to the choir without growing it could there be a link maybe Obama should declare.
-- San Fran a disaster area I guess that's redundant.
Should we get Red Cross out there right now -- just -- you do that let's look over back at.
But the and it's it's a good sport about something -- -- of -- but that's not.
How about Bob -- I go I -- knows his many conservatives as he knows little difference between Sanford and live in a New York live our lives lived there on the -- all that went out that Bob has been so stressed because of this election he's actually started to go to the gym and how often get lost a lot of -- I know -- -- -- I'm glad he's going over the -- -- Bob Bob you do.
You do hang out with a lot of conservatives but a lot of these people don't there'd there'd be compartmentalize their lives so they don't -- -- think that.
The other side -- monster.
Sluggish it's very picky as Sanchez was a little bit extreme and then that is a bubble within above little -- yeah it is not like being around here we actually can run across some conservatives in my case every day every hour every minute.
But you know I think it's yeah there's a lot of fear going out there for good reason -- -- this is going to be a close election actually go -- gonna -- but is going to be very close.
And these people aren't -- -- don't think you know the gonna do without so and that and -- scares that he really really scares me.
An article it says that they have Romney arrangement syndrome before he's even elected yeah exactly.
If we -- phrase I have -- -- cognizant of that band I think when liberals meet meaning that doesn't.
You know I am a Democrat I'm a lifelong -- all I hate all conservatives but -- okay.
And if they start every argument like our every every sentence a -- have to be an argument I hardly ever aren't you.
They'll say something like do you really believe -- that stuff patent.
I want to get to this ad to new.
I -- for Obama that's what's liberties are -- -- Planned Parenthood is called yes we plan -- -- -- I don't.
I'm sure I don't think -- wrong.
Killing murderers who should decide -- here or else -- Our injury here's then I get it some celebs like 1% celebs like the other but there's something so you release scare early -- -- it's a fifth column.
These are people that were supposed to be AG when they were growing up and they wanted to be cool and they are zombies.
A lot of original thinkers and Hollywood and the -- Ads is Julianne Moore done how many -- -- Scarlett Johansson done.
Does President Obama have any real people that he could actually put in an -- besides you mean that article you cited earlier that would amend the picture of the woman who couldn't even work out in her home -- yet I can't drive my -- Roddy.
And it all these celebrities even gonna be able to eat arugula well they learn a lot I don't get free prozac.
Well that's and -- how can you say the bill and the.
Candice back campaigns this is targeted media -- targeted for young people and four of minorities and for women that's exactly -- was about it was average Americans conflict.
Consumption so don't worry about his -- -- be feeding you but.
That's Bob that's my point about my Greg blog that this was our Greg a lot more that was that it's about how they keep hitting it's -- going trick or -- -- the same house over and over again.
-- got all the candy there's no none of them is churning out again -- -- do you satellite don't have the candy which means there in really really big trouble -- Kennedy get independents they can't get the candy they got the -- threats if you missed.
Davis recuperate what what is -- -- some.
Some of these travel like peanuts that you do in -- hasn't had a candy turn -- the ports light so that everybody knows there's no I can't let you do that at 5 o'clock PM.
Hot as you are yeah.
Children treaty and not that I -- an electric retreating in New York it if you're -- in an apartment and let me just thank senator from Wyoming -- -- you have to work for an eye candy.
When you go door to -- in an apartment that's not really hard.
-- New York City kids lazy -- in a little bit.
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text:
Plot 1
Setting is a past magical Era of Japan. It's highly Final Fantasy inspired, but it's also kind of like a "Conan the Barbarian" Kind of thing, only with Japan. Maybe a Samurai Ronin is your character. My character would be a magician.
Any other ideas, PM me.
((Yes, this would have "romance" or mature stuff))


text:
Shop All LED Christmas Lights
LED Christmas lights from EnvironmentalLights are a great value and are suitable for indoor and outdoor lighting. Shop through our selection of hundreds of types of LED light strings by using the filter options below for light color, bulb shape, wire color and even how many strings you can link together on one plug!
Create a Beautiful Waterfall Effect!
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LED Garland, 9 feet long, with 240 Tips and 100 Warm White LED M5 Conical Wide Angle Lights
Product No: LEDGAR-914Qty Price per Garland 1 - 2 $82.90 3 - 11 $78.10 12 - 24 $72.90 25+ $70.30


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Ray J
Ray J
A Family Business
Original Release Date: July 26, 2011
Track Listing
1. Family Business (AKA Family Business Theme)
2. Turnin' Me On
3. Talk to Me
4. My Family
5. Lifeguard
6. Ready to Roll
7. Sonja, Sonya, Sonia
8. Gone
9. I Don't Care
10. Home Grown
11. Epilogue
Craig Burbidge: Mixing
Kenneth Crouch: String Pads
Scott Shavoni Parker: Bass, Strings, Drums, Producer, Engineer, Fender Rhodes
Dave Pensado: Mixing
Anthony Saunders: Producer, Engineer
Aaron Smith: Vocals (Background)
Brandy: Composer, Vocals (Background), Executive Producer
Chris Bellman: Mastering
Ray J: Composer, Vocals (Background), Executive Producer
DJ Snake: Producer
Bruce Walker: Producer, Engineer, Executive Producer
Bernard Jacobs: Stylist
Bas Hartong: A&R
Chris Romero: Engineer
Gregory Thomas: Saxophone
Jacques Richmond: Producer, Engineer, Mixing
Austin Smith: Vocals (Background)
Rea Ann Silva: Make-Up
Eric Ferrell: Make-Up
Willie Norwood: Producer
Clinton Sparks: Producer
Sean Dancy: Piano (Grand)
Mike Jason: Executive Producer
Ben Briggs: Engineer
Olivia Kim: Editorial Research
Robert "Big Bert" Smith: Producer
Bryan Pugh: Strings
Ryan Ramsey: A&R
Kiyah Wright: Hair Stylist
Jordan Omley: Producer, Engineer, Mixing
Chris Galland: Assistant Engineer
J. Omley: Composer
Clarence Ross: Programming, Producer, Engineer, Mixing
A. Saunders: Composer
Michael Mani: Producer, Engineer, Mixing
M. Green: Composer
J. Richmond: Composer
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Dave "Diz Mix" Lopez: Assistant Engineer
Aaron Fresh: Vocals
Michael Mitchell: Executive Producer
C. Johnson: Composer
Anthony "Tonebeatz" Aiken: Keyboards, Producer, Drum Programming
Rachel Carpenter: Studio Manager
Prince Saheb: Producer, Engineer, Mixing
Mr. Cat E. Daddy: Producer, Engineer, Instrumentation
Melissa Galban: Vocals (Background)
Maya Alvarez: Vocals (Background)
Maxwell Billieon: Executive Producer
Lamar Tribble: Producer
Josh Vietti: Violin
Demonica Santiago-Plummer: A&R
Darion Harris: Producer
Clifford Conley: Guitar
Zan Nakari: Assistant Engineer
Willie R. Norwood Sr.: Executive Producer
Taylor Jacobsen: Stylist
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EditBasic Full Name: James L Mccaulley 2 Birth: 15 Apr 1929 2 Death: 19 Jun 1998 2 Residence: Last Residence: Manson, IA 2
Looking for more information about James L Mccaulley? Search through millions of records to find out more. Find more records
Anyone can contribute to this page. Please sign in or sign up—it's free. Source: Social Security Death Index Created: 05 Sep 2008 Modified: 23 Oct 2013 Page Views: 81 total (10 this week)


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Schonbek 1248 Crystal Eleven Light Up / Down Lighting Chandelier from the Bagatelle Collection
Item #:
Technical Specs
Bulb Base | Candelabra (E12) |
Collection | Bagatelle |
Height | 29 |
Light Direction | Up / Down Lighting |
Number of Bulbs | 11 |
Number of Tiers | 1 |
Suggested Room Fit | Dining Room, Foyer |
Theme | Crystal |
Wattage | 660 |
Watts Per Bulb | 60 |
Width | 26.5 |
Eleven Light Chandelier from the Bagatelle Collection
The timeless elegance and beauty of yesteryear with a modern design twist, this deeply attractive flush mount from Schonbek's Historical Heirloom collection is sure to add a bit of romance and intrigue to any space. Provides excellent general and ambient lighting in your living room, dining room, and other spaces.
- Eleven light up / down lighting chandelier
- Featuring handcut crystal
- Requires 11 60w Candelabra base bulbs (not included)
- Supplied with 40" of chain and 120" of wire
Additional Schonbek Links
- Shop All Schonbek Products
- Shop All Schonbek Bagatelle Collection Products
Our SKU: 1248
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- 1248-48
Antique Silver - 1248-23
Etruscan Gold - 1248-76
Heirloom Bronze - 1248-22
Heirloom Gold
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
3 Questions from the Community
are the crystals heritage jandcut crystals
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Schonbek Bagatelle Collection
Other Products In The Schonbek Bagatelle Collection
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text:
by Perry Tancredi, Senior Product Manager, VeriSign Fraud Detection Service
I'm Perry Tancredi, and I manage the VeriSign VIP Fraud Detection Service product. A lot of times when I explain what I do to my friends and family, especially when I talk about some of the latest attacks we see, the conversation turns to whether or not it's too risky to do anything online at all. People want to know if I think banking and shopping online is safe, what virus program I use at home and what they should be doing to protect themselves.
I had already been writing this post when the news about the largest case of identity theft in America (BBC,...
We asked people on the streets of San Francisco about what they do online, how many passwords they have, and whether they think their personal information is safe.
"Any bill that I pay, other than my rent, I pay online" "There's probably a lot of sites out there that have my personal information." "Sometimes even with secure sites, hackers get through" "Every time I use a credit card, I hope that's the only place it gets used."
Find out how VeriSign can help keep your online identity safe.
By Yohai Einav, VeriSign Senior Fraud Analyst
I was on my way to the airport, chatting with my cab driver. After I told him my overused joke about the peasant, the seigneur and the miraculous goat, he asked me for my profession. "Oh, fraud?", he said. "You know, I almost lost $7,000 to card fraud last year".
So the sanguine driver told me how his bank called him, warning him he had gone into overdraft. When he investigated this he found that his Visa card had recently been charged with $6,000. He called Visa, and they told him - "Sir, didn't you make two £1,500 transactions in London two weeks ago?"
No, he was never in London. No, he rarely uses the British Pound in Israel.
"Time out", I said. "Credit card issuers know that this could happen, and no way could these two transactions have passed without Visa noticing them". Firstly, the amounts were high, and secondly, the driver's card had a consistent pattern of transactions in only one...
Posted by Fran Rosch, VP of VeriSign Identity and Authentication Solutions
Living in California, I have tried to become as environmentally conscious as possible given the grim reports on climate change and rising sea levels. The major steps I have taken along with my family include installing brand new energy efficient appliances and significantly more insulation as part of our home remodel. We also implement smaller initiatives such as maximum recycling, eating organic and locally grown products and composting as much as possible. I have even given up coffee and my favorite Irish oatmeal because of the carbon required to ship these products such long distances. We also try (but usually fail) to restrict ourselves to bicycle-only transportation on weekends.
I know there is lots disagreement on whether these small actions actually make an impact but they do make us feel better. I also travel extensively for business which blows my personal carbon foot...
It's now been about two months since we announced the VIP Developer Test Drive, and it's been a great success! Nearly 200 developers have downloaded the API, and many have already gone on to integrate it into their own applications. Over at Sun, Jeff Bounds has blogged about his integration of VIP with Sun Java System Access Manager/OpenSSO, and even posted step-by-step instructions on the Sun Wiki.
So, have you downloaded the API yet?
Whenever anyone talks about typical authentication use cases, they inevitably use a financial institution as an example. "The user logs into his bank to perform a transaction." or "The bank issues the user a credential to protect his account." We use financial institutions as an example because it's an easy situation to explain -- you have a place with a lot of money, criminals like money, so we protect the money from the criminals. Simple, right?
But we should look beyond the "obvious" places where additional security is needed. If someone breaks into your online bank account and steals your money, it's almost certain that your bank will eventually cover your losses. It may be a giant headache for you, take a ton of time and effort, and it probably reduces your faith in online banking, but you will most likely be made "whole." But now what if someone breaks into your online health record? Or your email account? Or your social networking profile? Or your blog? Who's going to...
Posted by Vijai Shankar, Sr. Product Marketing Manager
Consumer Authentication has been around for over 10 years in other countries, but here in the USA, adoption has been slow due to a myriad of reasons... the main one seems to be the perceived high cost. As you've probably gathered by now, we don't think it has to be that costly, so we developed a new whitepaper on "5 strategies to reduce the cost of consumer authentication". I know you're thinking this has to be pure marketing fluff, but I think you'll find some nuggets of info in there that are worth exploring. After all, we must be doing something right, we just won the Network Products Guide 2008 Product Innovation Award.
Don't forget:, if you want to test drive VeriSign Identity Protection Authentication Service and see how easy consumer...
By Yohai Einav, Senior Fraud Analyst
I have six friends that serve me true Their names are Why and What and When and How and Where and Who. -- Rudyard Kipling
Why quote Kipling in an online identity blog? According to all his biographies, Kipling was never a victim of identity theft, nor did he ever write a blog.
But Kipling knew something about the 6 W's, something that we, in the security industry, often forget: starting with the "Why."
Have you noticed the phenomenon: every discussion about identity theft, security and online fraud - starts with the How and What questions:
"How do fraudsters attack banks?" "What technologies are fraudsters using?" "What is the damage to customers?" "What can we do to protect ourselves?"
All good questions. But, the first thing we should ask is "why?"
"Why am I being attacked?" "Why...
We had a little fun with a whiteboard, magnets, some goofy voices and a video camera. Take a look at the premiere of "How VeriSign Identity Protection Keeps George Happy and Safe Online".
Say you've got a web application that you develop, and you want to provide your users a stronger form of authentication beyond a simple username and password. Or your users have been asking about two factor authentication, but actually implementing it never moves up on the priority list because your boss thinks it's too complicated, will require months of coding, and a giant new server farm to handle the extra authentication. Or you've got a PayPal Security Key or VIP Security Card and want to enable your own site to use it.
Welcome to the VIP Developer Test Drive!
Today we announced that we're making the API to the VIP Authentication Service freely available to developers to try out on...
User Authentication solutions provide two-factor authentication, public key infrastructure (PKI) services, and risk-based authentication to protect interactions between consumers, business partners, and employees. User Authentication solutions are delivered as cloud-based solutions, enabling enterprises to add strong authentication to applications, networks, and devices without the capital cost of hardware and software associated with traditional strong authentication solutions.


text:
I know what you mean by the pending points. But remember to divide your calculation by 7 to get the actual point total.
Those are 4,000 BOINC pts (28,000 WCG pts) pending!..... gonna be a monster day if most of my pts clear tomorrow
Milestones Today F150_Raptor passes 15,000,000 Norton01 passes 70,000 Great work stoners. F150 must have a jet engine in the box of that truck.
Should hit 80k by Friday @ Chaotic Atmosphere and Mad Shot- I share your pain on your near misses happened to me yesterday!!
Milestones Today ChaoticAtmosphere passes 600,000 Nosada passes 1,000,000 Munkhtur passes 2,000,000 ocgmj passes 3,500,000 minhund passes 1,500,000 ThE_MaD_ShOT passes 50,000 Congrats on the first mill Nosada. Great work stoners.
Great job on the stones guys. I do love it now that when I hit a milestone I am well on the way to the next one. Should hit 60k either before nights end or early in the morning.
It will start to get harder to get those stones. You and Norton are doing great work and should see a WCG badge soon (100,000pts).
LOL. I am looking to build another cruncher based on a I7 or fx 8 series. I want to break the 10k ppd mark.
I'm going to settle in at 5k+ for awhile. Will have the 790GX(PII 720BE) and the 790FX(960T) going 24/7. Will keep an eye out for a couple of Thubans (1090T/1100T) over the Summer to max them out. This should bring me to 1 million points before years end. Hoping Piledriver is successful enough for Thuban owners to dump their chips cheap... we'll see
The 8 cores alone should be enough to make some people want to upgrade. But like you said we'll see. I like to be able to pick up another x6 at a decent price.
mjmike is running an FX-8150 as far as I know and he said it seemed to do OK for him. The FX-6200 I bought seems to be doing Ok but need to run it awhile longer before I say it's worth buying again
I have noticed, with crunching anyway, it takes a system a few days to get up to speed for some reason. Almost like a break in period. My x6 is now finally putting out great numbers. It started out okay and slowly speed up. Same way with the x2's But of course by nest weekend or so the x6 will have caught and past the x2's.
Soory to say but the 8150 is no longer crunching. I gave the chip to cadaveca. Nice guy, met him at his house as we both live in the same city. The 8150 did crunch well, on par with my i7930 @ 4.00 but the power draw was too much with the AMD clocked @ 4.5.
Cadaveca said he was going to start crunching for the team and I believe that chip was intended for it?....


text:
Links to individual gene pages for 60 genes within the genomic region: chr21_2:17505602-27662201
chr21_2: 17505602-27662201 (10156600 bp containing 60 genes)
ENSG00000209722 a.k.a. 'AP000952.2' at chr21:17725836-17725745 (1)
ENSG00000220521 a.k.a. 'AP000963.2' at chr21:17795013-17794868 (-1)
ENSG00000181225 a.k.a. 'AP000963.2' at chr21:17813182-17812712 (-1)
ENSG00000200754 a.k.a. 'Y_RNA' at chr21:17821436-17821329 (-1)
ENSG00000199962 a.k.a. 'Y_RNA' at chr21:17871095-17870987 (1)
ENSG00000154639 a.k.a. 'CXADR' at chr21:17887768-17807201 (1)
ENSG00000154640 a.k.a. 'BTG3' at chr21:17907086-17887844 (-1)
ENSG00000154642 a.k.a. 'C21orf91' at chr21:18113574-18083156 (-1)
ENSG00000221335 a.k.a. 'AP000745.2' at chr21:18185987-18185899 (1)
ENSG00000215369 a.k.a. 'AP000745.2' at chr21:18188652-18188381 (-1)
ENSG00000154645 a.k.a. 'CHODL' at chr21:18561561-18195451 (1)
ENSG00000154646 a.k.a. 'PRSS7' at chr21:18697844-18563561 (-1)
ENSG00000198618 a.k.a. 'PPIAL3' at chr21:19152671-19151924 (1)
ENSG00000220037 a.k.a. 'SLC6A6P' at chr21:19540580-19538731 (1)
ENSG00000212609 a.k.a. 'U1' at chr21:19639500-19639336 (1)
ENSG00000220684 a.k.a. 'RPL37P4' at chr21:19888293-19888026 (1)
ENSG00000217994 a.k.a. 'AP000568.2' at chr21:20034335-20033894 (1)
ENSG00000215353 a.k.a. 'AP000568.2' at chr21:20054277-20053544 (-1)
ENSG00000209744 a.k.a. 'AP001254.2' at chr21:20650035-20649931 (-1)
ENSG00000209746 a.k.a. 'AP001254.2' at chr21:20651010-20650837 (1)
ENSG00000219241 a.k.a. 'FDPSP' at chr21:20683028-20682517 (1)
ENSG00000215550 a.k.a. 'AP001254.2' at chr21:20720177-20719219 (-1)
ENSG00000189005 a.k.a. 'RPS3AP1' at chr21:20724945-20724626 (-1)
ENSG00000215351 a.k.a. 'AP000957.2' at chr21:21122838-21122316 (-1)
ENSG00000221210 a.k.a. 'AP001137.2' at chr21:21692017-21691939 (-1)
ENSG00000154654 a.k.a. 'NCAM2' at chr21:21837521-21292504 (1)
ENSG00000198434 a.k.a. 'AF241725.1' at chr21:21928920-21928644 (-1)
ENSG00000184856 a.k.a. 'C21orf74' at chr21:22409027-22392807 (1)
ENSG00000216526 a.k.a. 'AP000705.6' at chr21:22448490-22448141 (-1)
ENSG00000202339 a.k.a. 'U4' at chr21:22499522-22499382 (1)
ENSG00000206144 a.k.a. 'AP000953.2' at chr21:22730675-22730481 (-1)
ENSG00000219889 a.k.a. 'AP000949.1' at chr21:23178192-23176774 (1)
ENSG00000219368 a.k.a. 'ZNF299P' at chr21:23386024-23384221 (-1)
ENSG00000216619 a.k.a. 'AP001116.3' at chr21:23397267-23395416 (1)
ENSG00000223078 a.k.a. 'U2' at chr21:23576102-23575929 (-1)
ENSG00000217277 a.k.a. 'EEF1A1P' at chr21:23685188-23684450 (1)
ENSG00000218846 a.k.a. 'TUBAP' at chr21:23703319-23701849 (-1)
ENSG00000199698 a.k.a. 'Y_RNA' at chr21:23726473-23726372 (-1)
ENSG00000197382 a.k.a. 'AP000476.2' at chr21:24784492-24722925 (1)
ENSG00000222567 a.k.a. '7SK' at chr21:25395631-25395316 (1)
ENSG00000222042 a.k.a. 'AP000233.4' at chr21:25628010-25463616 (-1)
ENSG00000215350 a.k.a. 'AP001340.1' at chr21:25656641-25655977 (1)
ENSG00000185433 a.k.a. 'C21orf42' at chr21:25725884-25680010 (-1)
ENSG00000207795 a.k.a. 'hsa-mir-155' at chr21:25868227-25868163 (1)
ENSG00000154719 a.k.a. 'MRPL39' at chr21:25901672-25879839 (-1)
ENSG00000219246 a.k.a. 'FDXP2' at chr21:25986737-25986363 (1)
ENSG00000154721 a.k.a. 'JAM2' at chr21:26011745-25933455 (1)
ENSG00000154723 a.k.a. 'ATP5J' at chr21:26029855-26010686 (-1)
ENSG00000197326 a.k.a. 'AP000226.9' at chr21:26057515-26057120 (-1)
ENSG00000154727 a.k.a. 'GABPA' at chr21:26066642-26028752 (1)
ENSG00000209812 a.k.a. 'AP001442.1' at chr21:26237334-26237234 (-1)
ENSG00000142192 a.k.a. 'APP' at chr21:26465003-26174733 (-1)
ENSG00000206802 a.k.a. 'U6' at chr21:26485003-26484897 (1)
ENSG00000219130 a.k.a. 'C21orf118' at chr21:26514068-26511454 (1)
ENSG00000197934 a.k.a. 'AP001597.1' at chr21:26863442-26700133 (1)
ENSG00000166265 a.k.a. 'CYYR1' at chr21:26867452-26760402 (-1)
ENSG00000154734 a.k.a. 'ADAMTS1' at chr21:27139599-27130479 (-1)
ENSG00000154736 a.k.a. 'ADAMTS5' at chr21:27260703-27212112 (-1)
ENSG00000215326 a.k.a. 'AP001603.1' at chr21:27438142-27437534 (-1)
ENSG00000216380 a.k.a. 'EIF4A1P' at chr21:27662137-27661204 (-1)


text:
Rhode Island businesses are being targeted with a direct mail solicitation scam letter from an organization calling itself Rhode Island Corporate Compliance, the Secretary of State's office warned Friday.
By PBN Staff
Ten of the largest U.S. mortgage servicers will pay a combined $8.5 billion under an agreement that will end case-by-case reviews of foreclosure-abuse claims stemming from a 2011 deal with regulators
By Jesse Hamilton |
National Grid has released a statement warning its customers of a new utility bill scam where customers receive requests for payment over the phone.
By PBN Staff
Rhode Island is slated to receive nearly $450,000 from a $128 million multi-state settlement from Lender Processing Services Inc. to resolve claims of improper foreclosure practices, including the "robo-signing" of documents.
By PBN Staff
Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc, Britain's biggest publicly owned lender and the parent company of Citizens Bank, will pay about $612 million in fines for manipulating interest rates, the second- largest penalty imposed in a global regulatory probe.
By Gavin Finch, Lindsay Fortado and Silla Brush |
Rhode Island will receive $510,000 as part of a 29-state, $29 million settlement with the Toyota Motor Co. and its related North America entities, Attorney General Peter F. Kilmartin announced Thursday.
By PBN Staff
Bank of America Corp.'s $8.5 billion mortgage-bond settlement was reached through a "seriously flawed" process, said an expert for American International Group Inc., which has challenged the deal.
By David McLaughlin |
The state Department of Environmental Management has reached an agreement with seven defendants that calls for them to initially pay $750,000 to the state as compensation for "damages to groundwater and other natural resources at the Davis Superfund site in Smithfield."
By PBN Staff
Utility company National Grid is warning its customers of a nationwide utility bill scam demanding over-the-phone payments for past-due balances.
By PBN Staff
The Rhode Island Judiciary has signed a $6 million agreement with Dallas-based Tyler Technologies Inc. for its odyssey integrated courts and justice system, Tyler announced Tuesday.
By PBN Staff


text:
Hey ya'll . was thinking to add Arachidonic Acid for my next bulk when i'm done cutting. saw some great reviwes .
i've seen a couple of posts which saying you gotta stack it with carnitine. and why?
also i noticed that if i want straight ArA i should go with X-gels. but there's some dope deal at nutra on XFA. which one should i go with?


text: DePauw loses to Rhodes in second overtime to share SCAC regular season title Email Tweet October 31, 2004 MEMPHIS, Tenn. - Brooke Poklemba's goal in the second overtime lifted host Rhodes to a 2-1 win over DePauw. With the loss the Tigers dropped to 10-6 overall and 5-1 in the SCAC. Rhodes improved to 9-4 overall and 5-1 in conference play. DePauw and Rhodes finished the regular season in a tie for first in the conference standings. The SCAC tournament takes place next weekend at Centre College in Danville, Ky. Back


text:
About Us
What is Glassdoor?
Glassdoor is a free jobs and careers community that offers the world an inside look at jobs and companies. What sets us apart is our "employee-generated content" – anonymous salaries, company reviews, interview questions and more – all posted by employees, job seekers and sometimes the companies themselves. Now with nearly 3 million salaries and reviews, you have all the information you might need to make your next career decision.
Plus, with Glassdoor's proprietary JobScope™ technology, job seekers have a new way to browse job listings and get instant, in-depth details for any job listing. We take job seekers beyond the information provided in your typical job description by seamlessly integrating salaries and reviews posted by employees, as well as uncovering any Inside Connections™ they may have through their friends on Facebook. If our own content isn't enough information to help your with your decision, hopefully we can get you to a friend or friend-of-a-friend who will be able to answer your questions.
No other careers or jobs site offers such detailed information about specific jobs at specific companies – all free.
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text:
Bubble Soccer Is Awesome How much fun does that look!!! Soccer just got a whole lot cooler. 7/1/2013 10:30:21 AM 32,892
Pot Smoking Skills It's amazing what you can do with the smoke from some sticky icky icky! Happy 4-20!!! 4/20/2013 11:25:00 AM 35,411
Ice Crystals Forming On Soap Bubble It's so cold there you can see the soap bubble start to freeze. 2/25/2013 10:36:14 AM 22,045
Awesome Dry Ice Bubble Making bubbles with dry ice has never been so cool. 1/28/2013 12:00:00 AM 15,010
Epic Laughing Baby in Slow Motion Beware you might start laughing. It can be addicting. 10/12/2012 12:00:00 AM 10,433
Amazing Bubble Magic If you ever have the chance to see Tom Noddy and his bubble magic you should check him out. He's still doing these stunts today. 9/26/2012 12:00:00 AM 18,971
Baby Laughing at Bubble Eating Dog This is cute! A baby cracks up every time his dog eats a bubble that mom is blowing. 4/21/2011 12:00:00 AM 38,767
Bubble Tanks 3 Bubble Tanks is one of the premier shooting flash games on the internet. Bubble Tanks 3 is an absolutely amazing improvement over Bubble Tanks 2, with dozens of new enemies, upgrades, and other hidden features that you can only appreciate after you play the game! 2/8/2011 12:00:00 AM 13,431


text:
Department Function The Department of General Services has the responsibility of ensuring that all County facilities and properties are maintained and operated in a safe and proper manner.
This Department provides a variety of services including: building and grounds maintenance for County owned and operated buildings; recycling collection for County owned buildings and unincorporated residents; operation of four convenience sites; operation of the Durham County Memorial Stadium; fleet management for all County-owned vehicles; fabrication, installation, and maintenance of all county road identification signs; pest and mosquito control; internal mail/courier services, and contract administration for janitorial and security services."
Mission Statement To provide save, quality and timely services to the citizens, customers, and infrastructure of Durham County. Vision General Services: A highly respected department within Durham County that serves as a model for respect, teamwork, integrity and work ethic. Values
The Durham County is not responsible for the content of external sites. Thank you for visiting the Durham County website.


text:
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Hi I educated in the U.K. with working experienced for 3 years in multinational companies, As an IT Manager and IT Instructor, I am attached with certkingdom.com here they provide IT exams study material, the study materials included exams Q&A with Explanation, Study Guides, Training Labs, Exams Simulations, Training Videos, etc. for certification like Comptia A+ Training Videos, MCITP Training, MCTS Training, CCNA exams preparation, Comptia Videos and more Certkingdom.com provide you the best training 100% guarantee. "Best Material Great Results"-
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Daily Archives: 2013/09/25
Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak expounds on his hacking shenanigans and online mischief
Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak expounds on his hacking shenanigans and online mischief In keynote at ASIS Conference, Wozniak shares jokes, monkeyshines played on family, friends Chicago — In his keynote address at a security conference today, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak … Continue reading
Posted in Comptia
Tagged Fusion-IO, hacking, Steve Jobs; Apple, Steve Wozniak, telecommunications hack, White Hat hacking
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Luke the redbone
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- Now you can wear this fragrance and its iconic bottle — Vogue
- Did you know J.Crew sells Comme des Garcons? — HuffPost Style
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text:
The Freedoom project aims to create a complete Doom-based game which is Free Software.
Combined with a free source port, people will also be able to play the back catalog of extensions made to Doom by hobbyists over the last 15 years.
For more information, see the What is Freedoom? page.
Permament news: Freedoom is looking for help
We need people to help by submitting resources for the project.
If you think you could help, please visit the contact page.
2012-05-12: Freedoom 0.8-beta1 released!
Been a long way since 0.7, hope it's worth it! There are a lot of changes to be had in this version, all over the place. Please download and help work out the bugs to make this the best release yet!
2011-01-22: Freedoom 0.7 released.
It's been a few years since 0.6, and we are now at the next major version number for Freedoom, 0.7. There are plenty of new materials to be found, please check it out!
2010-09-15: Freedoom 0.7-rc1 released.
Over a year, and we're finally entering the release candidate stage for 0.7! Lots of new changes are in this release, it's a major update. Please check it out and help us polish this release!
2009-06-15: Freedoom 0.6.4 released.
A copyright violation has been found in the Freedoom tree and has been removed. This is the only change from 0.6.3, but it removes much of the music. All previous versions are pulled from the download area at the moment since they were all tainted.
2009-01-01: Freedoom 0.6.3 released!
After nearly nine months, Freedoom gives birth to yet another release! This is primarily bug fix release with a few additional features. Let's hope for a bright 0.7 release!
2008-12-23: Freedoom has moved to a new site!
Following new project maintenence, Freedoom is now hosted on Savannah, for both ethical (emphasis on Free Software) and technical reasons (git support!). For the most part, users and contributors won't notice much difference, the primary advantages are on the part of the maintainers.
Thanks to Savannah for hosting and Doomworld for message boards.


text:
LinkBack | Thread Tools |
11-21-2012, 05:03 PM | #1 (permalink) |
Join Date: Nov 2012
Posts: 120
why is her ear floppy?
When we first got her, both of Kylie's ear were a little floppy. By 12weeks, they were both straight up. For the past three weeks (she's 4.5 mo now), her right ear has been floppy. I used to see her ears scissor while we were on walks. Now her left ear is up straight and her right ear waves.
Is this ok? I've never had a GSD or GSD mix before. We got Kylie from the shelter at 10.5 weeks old and they actually had her listed as a labrador/border collie, but she's definitely mostly or maybe even entirely GSD. She looks exactly like the pictures I've seen here of black GSD puppies. The trainer even asked what breeder we went to for her and was shocked that we got her at the shelter. I'm using a picture of Kylie in her Robin costume from Halloween as my avatar. You can see her right ear flopping. |
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11-21-2012, 11:54 PM | #4 (permalink) |
New Member
Join Date: Nov 2012
Location: Southern Maine
Posts: 22
I honestly wouldn't worry too much about it, for about the first year or so they'll go up and down, up and down. Generally around teething they will flop back down and should go back up. Sometimes around a growth spurt (7 months?) they may go down again. Don't worry about it! And from what I've always heard, don't touch the ears! That's the rule in my house with my pup, they say massaging or rubbing the ears makes the cartilage soft, therefore weaker ears. I've also heard of giving plenty of chew toys to help strengthen the muscles behind the jaw that are connected to the ears, toys that really make them work the muscles and open their mouth.
I hope this helps! -Kirsten |
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text:
So apart from the rather gross rooms, we were appalled by what happened when we arrived. We said we'd stay for two nights and they willingly took our cash and made us sign some declaration. As soon as we had done that, they informed us that the falls were closed on the Argentinian side but open on the Brazilian side.... More
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Located on a beautiful brick road (no car sounds) only a block and a half away from the bus station it is set in a tranquil setting surrounded by trees and native plants only two blocks from downtown.The brand new private rooms and dormitories are richly decorated with local artisan crafts. Most of them include air conditioning, en suite bathroom and comfortable new mattresses.Private rooms are furnished with plush mattresses, box springs, and some of them has cable TV, and the most importante thing, you'll be able to sleep without noises.Each day begins with a complinetary hearty breakfast (Ham, Eggs, Corn Flakes, Milk, Bread, Butter, Jam, Fruit, Coffee, Tea, and Juice) by the swimming pool. Later enjoy reading, relaxing or drinking a refreshing cocktail in a hammock.A fully equipped kitchen allows guests to prepare their own meals throughout the day. Travel agency, & free wifi even in some of the rooms are available as well.Our Staff, included me, the owner, provides the most ideal place to chill out and enjoy your stay. We are pleased in giving you advice of what to do . Almost every night we prepare a big barbecue for having a good time and for you to enjoy your stay at the waterfalls lands. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with HostelBookers so you can book your Hostel Sweet Hostel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


text:
A comprehensive guide to what's happening at Birmingham's museums.
Location: Blakesley Hall
4th March 2014 - 4th March 2014
Discover more about Blakesley Hall and Yardley. Tour includes a walk up to Yardley Village. 11am £7 includes tea/coffee
A special chance to visit Blakesley Hall during our closed season. Enjoy a guided tour from one of our lively staff and discover more about our exciting history. Tour lasts an hour and inlcudes tea/coffee. £7


text:
Martyr's Bay is located just south of the centre of the village beyond St Ronan's Bay. Turn left from the ferry and head towards the water where you will find a granite war memorial
Enjoy stunning views of Mull and Erraid, once the summer home of Robert Louis Stevenson.
Martyr's Bay Café, Restaurant and Bar is found nearby, which serves hot and cold snacks, tea, coffee, beer, wines and spirits, bar food and evening meals.
For Accommodation and information, please call:
0845 859 1006
Monday to Friday 9am - 5pm
Saturday and Sunday - closed
*Calls may be recorded


text:
Site Map
OSHO Mandala Meditation
Osho Mandala Meditation. A powerful active technique. The aim of this technique is to create a circle of energy so that centering results naturally.
Mandala, active meditations, circle of energy, third-eye meditations, hara, relaxation techniques, active awareness, yoga breathing, third eye
To read more on this subject, go to


text:
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Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Print version ISSN 0042-9686
Bull World Health Organ vol.89 n.3 Genebra Mar. 2011
Intradermal delivery of vaccines: potential benefits and current challenges
Injection intradermique de vaccins: les défis potentiels et les défis actuels
Administración de vacunas por vía intradérmica: posibles beneficios y retos actuales
JK HicklingI; KR JonesI; M FriedeII; D ZehrungIII, *; D ChenIII; D KristensenIII
IWorking in Tandem Ltd, Cambridge, England
IIDepartment of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
IIIProgram for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), PO Box 900922, Seattle, WA, 98109, United States of America
Delivery of vaccine antigens to the dermis and/or epidermis of human skin (i.e. intradermal delivery) might be more efficient than injection into the muscle or subcutaneous tissue, thereby reducing the volumes of antigen. This is known as dose-sparing and has been demonstrated in clinical trials with some, but not all, vaccines. Dose-sparing could be beneficial to immunization programmes by potentially reducing the costs of purchase, distribution and storage of vaccines; increasing vaccine availability and effectiveness. The data obtained with intradermal delivery of some vaccines are encouraging and warrant further study and development; however significant gaps in knowledge and operational challenges such as reformulation, optimizing vaccine presentation and development of novel devices to aid intradermal vaccine delivery need to be addressed. Modelling of the costs and potential savings resulting from intradermal delivery should be done to provide realistic expectations of the potential benefits and to support cases for investment. Implementation and uptake of intradermal vaccine delivery requires further research and development, which depends upon collaboration between multiple stakeholders in the field of vaccination.
L'injection d'antigènes de vaccin dans le derme et/ou l'épiderme de la peau chez l'homme (appelée injection intradermique) peut s'avérer plus efficace qu'une injection dans le muscle ou dans le tissu sous-cutané, réduisant de ce fait les volumes d'antigène. C'est ce qu'on appelle l'utilisation parcimonieuse des doses, qui a été démontrée lors d'essais cliniques avec certains vaccins, mais pas tous. Cette limitation des doses pourrait être bénéfique aux programmes d'immunisation car elle pourrait diminuer les frais d'acquisition, de distribution et de stockage des vaccins, et augmenter par ailleurs leur disponibilité et leur efficacité. Les données obtenues avec l'injection intradermique de certains vaccins sont encourageantes et légitiment d'autres études et développements. Cependant, des écarts significatifs dans les connaissances et les enjeux opérationnels, comme la reformulation, l'optimisation de la présentation des vaccins et le développement de nouveaux dispositifs facilitant la distribution des vaccins intradermiques, doivent être abordés. Une modélisation des coûts et des économies potentielles provenant de l'injection intradermique doit être effectuée afin de proposer des prévisions réalistes des avantages potentiels et de plaider en faveur de l'investissement. La mise en uvre et l'utilisation de l'injection intradermique des vaccins nécessitent des recherches et développements supplémentaires, dépendant de la collaboration entre de nombreuses parties prenantes dans le domaine de la vaccination.
La administración de los antígenos de una vacuna a través de la dermis y/o de la epidermis de la piel humana (es decir, la administración por vía intradérmica) podría resultar más eficaz que la inyección intramuscular o subcutánea, reduciendo de este modo los volúmenes de antígenos. Esta vía de administración permite reducir la dosis necesaria, según ha quedado demostrado mediante ensayos clínicos en algunas vacunas, aunque no en todas. La disminución de la dosis podría ser beneficiosa para los programas de inmunización, ya que se reducirían los gastos correspondientes a la compra, la distribución y el almacenamiento de las vacunas, al tiempo que se incrementaría su disponibilidad y eficacia. Los datos obtenidos sobre la administración de algunas vacunas por vía intradérmica están impulsando y justificando la necesidad de realizar más estudios y potenciar su desarrollo, si bien se han observado algunas lagunas de conocimiento y retos operativos como su reformulación, la optimización de su presentación y el desarrollo de nuevos dispositivos que ayuden a satisfacer las necesidades que conlleva la administración por vía intradérmica. Deberían crearse modelos de los costes y del posible ahorro que conllevaría la administración por vía intradérmica para poder ofrecer así unas expectativas realistas de los posibles beneficios y apoyar proyectos de inversión. La puesta en marcha y aplicación de la administración de vacunas por vía intradérmica exige más investigación y desarrollo, que dependen de la colaboración entre las numerosas partes implicadas dentro del ámbito de la inmunización.
Most vaccines are delivered by the intramuscular or subcutaneous routes using a needle and syringe; the intradermal route is only widely used for the administration of Bacille Calmette-Guérin and rabies vaccines. However there is renewed interest in intradermal vaccine delivery, driven by the fact that the dermis and epidermis of human skin are rich in antigen-presenting cells, suggesting that delivery of vaccines to these layers, rather than to muscle or subcutaneous tissue, should be more efficient and induce protective immune responses with smaller amounts of vaccine antigen.1
Clinical trials investigating intradermal delivery and its potential for dose-sparing have been conducted with several different vaccines, with variable results. These have been reviewed in a recent report from the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) and the World Health Organization (WHO).2 For some vaccines, there has been a clear demonstration of dose-sparing by intradermal delivery; however, there are several gaps in knowledge as well as developmental and operational challenges to overcome if the benefits of using intradermal delivery are to be fully realized.
Potential benefits
Dose-sparing arising from intradermal delivery of vaccines could be beneficial to immunization programmes, particularly in resource-poor settings, by potentially reducing the per-injection cost (including transport and storage) of vaccines because more doses might be obtained from the existing vaccine presentation.
Dose-sparing might also "stretch" the availability of vaccines in cases where supply is limited by manufacturing capacity. This is probably most relevant for pandemic influenza vaccines where global production capacity limits access to a vaccine at the start of a pandemic.3 In 2009, H1N1 vaccine was not available in most low-income countries until 8 months after WHO's declaration of the influenza pandemic.4
Other vaccines with potential supply constraints include yellow fever and inactivated poliovirus vaccines.5,6 The level of demand for inactivated poliovirus vaccine in the period following eradication of wild-type polioviruses and the end of the use of oral poliovirus vaccines is uncertain, but modelling suggests that there could be a "demand spike" and supply shortage of inactivated poliovirus vaccine during this period.6
New delivery devices
New devices for easier, more reliable intradermal delivery as alternatives to the currently used Mantoux technique are being developed.2,7 Some of the devices such as disposable-syringe jet injectors are needle-free and could therefore reduce or eliminate needlestick injuries and the costs associated with their treatment, estimated at US$ 535 million per year worldwide.8 Other intradermal delivery devices such as microneedle patches are likely to occupy less volume than vials or prefilled syringes, thereby reducing demands on cold-chain capacity.
Current clinical research
The recent PATH and WHO report reviewed more than 90 clinical trials of intradermal delivery with vaccines against 11 diseases.2 For some vaccines, notably influenza and rabies vaccines, intradermal delivery of reduced doses resulted in equivalent immune responses to the standard dose delivered by the standard route. Data from trials with hepatitis B vaccine were more variable, but also regarded as encouraging.9 Promising data demonstrating dose-sparing have also been obtained with other vaccines including inactivated poliovirus, yellow fever and hepatitis A vaccines.2
Results from clinical trials published since the completion of the report provide further evidence for dose-sparing using the intradermal route. One study compared equivalent doses of modified vaccinia Ankara delivered by subcutaneous, intramuscular and intradermal routes; equivalent immune responses and protection against vaccinia-virus challenge were induced with intradermal doses ten-fold lower than those delivered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.10,11
Two recently published trials of intradermal delivery of reduced (20%) doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccines have reported contrasting results: one trial found that reduced intradermal doses administered to infants aged 2, 4 and 6 months induced similar rates of seroconversion but lower mean antibody titres, compared with intramuscular injection;12 however a similar study administered the vaccine at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age and observed inferior seroconversion rates with reduced intradermal doses.13
Trials of intradermal immunization with seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines have also been reported in the past year. Dose-sparing was not observed with a nonadjuvanted, subvirion H5N1 vaccine,14 whereas a 60% intradermal dose of a trivalent seasonal flu vaccine resulted in similar immunogenicity as a standard dose delivered intramuscularly.15
Some rabies vaccines are already delivered using intradermal regimens using needle and syringe.16,17 Recently, a new intradermal injection device (SoluviaTM, Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, United States of America) was evaluated for intradermal delivery of rabies vaccine; intradermal administration of a 25% dose of rabies vaccine resulted in equivalent antibody titres and seroconversion rates to the full dose delivered intramuscularly. The same study also evaluated an epidermal vaccination device (OnvaxTM, Becton Dickinson) that did not induce an immune response in the recipients.18
Recent vaccine approvals
A new presentation of a split, trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, Intanza® (sanofi pasteur, Lyon, France) has been developed for intradermal immunization. The vaccine is delivered using the SoluviaTM device, a prefilled syringe with a single needle that is 1.5 mm in length.19,20 Immune responses equivalent to those induced by the standard regimen can be achieved using this device and 60% of the standard dose of influenza vaccine.21,22 A reduced-dose formulation (9-µg haemagglutinin rather than the standard 15-µg haemagglutinin) for use in healthy adults and a 15-µg haemagglutinin formulation for intradermal delivery in adults aged > 60 years have been approved in Australia, Europe and New Zealand.23-25
Knowledge gaps
Despite the number of clinical trials conducted, there is still a lack of certainty whether intradermal delivery offers significant immunological advantages compared with intramuscular or subcutaneous delivery. Very few trials have compared equivalent doses (amounts of antigen) delivered by the different routes and, as such, do not permit direct comparison of relative immunological efficacy of the different methods; the recent studies with modified vaccinia Ankara are notable exceptions.10,11 Most trials have aimed only to determine whether reduced intradermal doses were able to induce a sufficient or non-inferior immune response compared with the standard regimen. In these cases it is possible that a reduced dose delivered by the standard route would also have resulted in an equivalent immune response, as has been reported with some influenza vaccines.26,27 Furthermore, the majority of dose-sparing trials have for reasons of practical simplicity delivered 10% or 20% of the standard dose intradermally. Finer dose-titrations such as those performed with influenza vaccines have shown that less-dramatic reductions in dose, such as a 40% reduction, might be more realistic.22 To address these concerns, future studies should compare equivalent antigen doses given by the intradermal and standard route and, if possible, establish a dose-response relationship to determine whether any dose-sparing effect observed is simply due to using doses of antigen from the plateau-portion of the dose-response curve.
Which vaccines?
For any vaccine, the drivers for changing to the intradermal route, such as the need for dose-sparing to reduce costs and "stretch" the available manufacturing capacity, have to be assessed, but the suitability of the vaccine type and formulation for administration by this route also need to be considered.
Live-attenuated vaccines have been successfully delivered intradermally and should be good candidates for intradermal delivery providing that appropriate formulations can be developed.2 Reduced doses of inactivated whole-virion vaccines, such as rabies and inactivated poliovirus vaccines, have also shown satisfactory immunogenicity when delivered intradermally. Inactivated whole-virion influenza vaccines might also be suitable because they have intrinsic immune-stimulating sequences, which might avoid the need for additional adjuvants.28 There are no published clinical data regarding intradermal delivery of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines, which include meningococcal and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, yet evaluation would be worthwhile particularly because high cost has limited the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in some low-resource countries.29
Vaccines that contain aluminium-based or oil-in-water adjuvants are likely to have unacceptable local reactogenicity following intradermal administration. Clinical trials of intradermal delivery of vaccines formulated with these or novel adjuvants are needed.
Potential benefits
Realistic estimates of the cost savings that might be achieved by ID dose-sparing have not been established for most vaccines, especially those that might be relevant to routine immunization in low- and middle-resource countries.
Cell-culture-produced rabies vaccines are expensive and are used in complex, multi-dose schedules for post-exposure prophylaxis. A limited number of cell-culture-derived rabies vaccines and two intradermal immunization regimens are already recommended by WHO.16,17 The overall costs involved in administering post-exposure prophylaxis using intramuscular or intradermal regimens in different clinic settings in India have been compared.30 Although significant savings were achieved with intradermal regimens, reducing the dose to 20% of the intramuscular dose did not reduce the overall costs by 80%, instead savings of 15-38% were obtained, depending on the setting. Intradermal regimens that used 10% rather than 20% of the standard dose resulted in a further reduction in costs of only 9-15%. Furthermore, the estimates did not include costs resulting from vaccine wastage, which were expected to be higher in intradermal regimens.
This example reinforces the point that the cost of manufacturing a vaccine is only a proportion of the overall cost of delivering each dose; furthermore, vaccine manufacturers will not necessarily pass on the full savings arising from a reduction in antigen content per dose. Novel devices for intradermal delivery are likely to be more expensive than needles and syringes, and immunization programmes using new devices will also incur the costs of retraining health workers.
A major benefit of changing to needle-free devices is a reduction in the direct health-care and societal costs resulting from needlestick injuries, although this is difficult to quantify in financial terms.8,31 A reduction in the use of sharps and their associated costs could also be achieved, possibly more easily, by using needle-free delivery devices such as disposable-syringe jet injectors, without changing the route or dose of vaccine administered.
The incremental costs associated with changing some routine childhood vaccinations in Brazil, India and South Africa to intradermal delivery of reduced (20%) doses have been modelled.32 For India and South Africa, the model indicated that intradermal delivery of reduced doses of hepatitis B vaccine using disposable-syringe jet injectors would increase the overall costs per fully-immunized child by US$ 0.45 and by US$ 0.76, respectively; hepatitis B vaccine is only one of five or six infant vaccines routinely administered in these two countries. In contrast, in Brazil, the model indicated that intradermal reduced doses of hepatitis B and yellow fever vaccines would reduce overall costs per fully-immunized child by US$ 0.11. Although antigen content of the vaccines delivered intradermally was reduced by 80%, the model assumed that prices were only reduced by 20%. The model did not include costs associated with treatment of bloodborne infections transmitted by sharps.
PATH has modelled the potential incremental costs of routine immunization with inactivated poliovirus vaccines in India. This analysis assumed that the full cost savings resulting from reduced antigen content were passed on by manufacturers and included estimates for costs due to transmission of bloodborne infection. In this case, delivery of a 20% intradermal dose with either needle and syringe or disposable-syringe jet injectors could result in cost savings of 71-73% per immunized child.33
In applications where it is warranted, significant investment by vaccine manufacturers and other stakeholders will be required to change the route of vaccine delivery. It is important, therefore, to model accurately the costs involved to determine the potential benefits and to support the case for investment. Decisions should be based on cost modelling and economic analysis, with continual improvement of inputs and assumptions.
Changing the delivery route and dose for a vaccine is not a straightforward task, and several challenges and operational issues need to be addressed.
Demonstration of efficacy
The applicability and benefits of intradermal administration will vary among vaccines; it cannot be assumed that reduced intradermal doses will be efficacious in all cases. Even when there is dose-sparing, it might not be with a dose as low as 20% or 10% of the standard dose. The degree of dose-sparing that can be achieved will need to be determined for each vaccine in non-inferiority trials. It will also be important to maintain a "margin of safety" to ensure adequate immunogenicity across the whole target population and to ensure the potency of the reduced dose is sufficient to induce protection at the end of the vaccine's shelf life.
Intradermal doses of 20% of a standard 0.5 ml dose or 10% of a 1.0 ml dose might not require reformulation; 0.1 ml of the existing formulation could easily be administered, as is the usual practice in clinical trials of intradermal delivery. If more antigen per dose is required, then the vaccine will need to be concentrated so that it can be delivered in the smaller volume. In the development of Intanza®, which contains 60% of the standard amount of antigen in 20% of the volume, there were challenges filling the device with a small volume as well as adjusting vaccine concentration and viscosity.34 Even if there is no need to adjust the concentration of the vaccine, it might be necessary to incorporate a preservative into the formulation if dose-sparing means that more than one dose can be obtained per vial.
Vaccine presentation
One consequence of delivering a smaller volume per dose is that a single-dose vial presentation would effectively become a multi-dose vial, yielding perhaps 5 or 10 intradermal doses. Liquid vaccines with multi-dose vial presentations can contain preservatives so that unused vaccine can be stored more safely beyond the end of an immunization session.35 Single-dose vials do not typically contain thiomersal or other preservatives. If dose-sparing allows multiple doses to be drawn from preservative-free vaccines in single-dose vials, unused vaccine would have to be discarded at the end of the immunization session. Computer modelling has shown that matching the number of doses per vial with the immunization session's size has a significant economic impact in terms of minimizing vaccine wastage as well as supply, storage and disposal costs.36 For some vaccines and settings, fewer than five doses per vial would be the most cost-effective option. Therefore, alternative, smaller-volume presentations might be required, otherwise intradermal delivery might not yield the expected cost savings in settings where immunization session-sizes are small.
Regulatory issues
Intradermal delivery of fractional doses of an existing vaccine formulation intended for subcutaneous/intramuscular injection would have to be undertaken on an "off-label" basis. A licensing amendment between the relevant national regulatory authority and the vaccine producer would be needed to authorize official "on-label" use of fractional doses.37 Alternatively, marketing approval for the new intradermal formulation and presentation of the vaccine would be needed.
For many existing vaccines, there might not be a sufficiently strong commercial incentive for manufacturers to undertake the expensive processes of reformulation, production of new presentations and application for marketing authorizations for a new delivery route. Novel vaccines might, therefore, be more likely candidates for intradermal delivery. This route should be evaluated early in research and development to avoid expensive retesting and redevelopment at a later stage. Unless there are strong drivers to use the intradermal route, vaccine manufacturers are likely to continue to use standard presentations and routes of delivery even for new vaccines, thereby reducing risk from the development process.
Device development
Novel devices for simple, reliable and reproducible intradermal delivery of vaccines will be needed if this route is to be widely used. There are several different types of intradermal delivery devices in development.1,2,7 However they cannot be developed in isolation; the device inventors require access to vaccines and collaboration with vaccine manufacturers to enable development, testing and approval of device/vaccine combinations.
In the shorter term, delivery technologies could include simple adapters fitted to existing needles and syringes to control the depth and angle of delivery, syringe-mounted arrays of hollow microneedles and needle-free disposable-syringe jet injectors.2 Each of these approaches is compatible with existing liquid and lyophilized formulations and presentations and so should be simpler to introduce into immunization programmes than some other technologies.
Devices that are in earlier stages of development include skin-patches covered in microneedles coated with, or composed of, vaccine. Encouraging preclinical data have been obtained with several formats of this type of device.38-40 Challenges remain in producing solid formulations of different types of vaccine antigens, developing methods for coating sufficient antigen onto the microneedles and controlling the reproducibility of antigen delivery. If these can be overcome, microneedle patches could provide several benefits in addition to dose-sparing, including small-packaged volumes and simplicity of use.
Data from clinical trials indicate that intradermal delivery of reduced doses of some, although not all, vaccines results in equivalent immune responses to the standard regimen. An increasing number of trials are producing data that support dose-sparing. However, there are significant operational challenges, such as reformulation, changing from a single- to a multiple-dose presentation, development of intradermal delivery devices and training health workers. Economic studies and modelling exercises have shown that cost savings should be achievable with intradermal immunization with some vaccines. These analyses are needed to help guide and support development and implementation of intradermal vaccine delivery as well as provide an indication of potential savings.
Research and development in all of these disciplines is required if the promise of intradermal delivery is to be realized; this will require collaboration between academic and clinical researchers, vaccine manufacturers, device developers, regulatory authorities, national immunization programmes and nongovernmental global health organizations. A careful evaluation of all aspects of this route of delivery for vaccines should continue to be a priority for global public health.
We thank Courtney Jarrahian and Kristina Lorensen for reviewing the manuscript and Emily Griswold for proofreading.
Funding: Work on this article by PATH staff members and consultants was supported by funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The authors had full control of all primary data.
Competing interests: None declared.
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40. Fernando GJP, Chen X, Prow TW, Crichton ML, Fairmaid EJ, Roberts MS et al. Potent immunity to low doses of influenza vaccine by probabilistic guided micro-targeted skin delivery in a mouse model. PLoS One 2010;5:e10266. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010266 PMID:20422002 [ Links ]
Submitted: 5 May 2010
Revised version received: 1 November 2010
Accepted: 2 November 2010
Published online: 5 January 2011
* Correspondence to Darin Zehrung (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com)


text:
Mike Boone, an engineer and entrepreneur, came up with the formula behind Cremo Cream. As opposed to a shave gel or foam, which contains air, Cremo Shave Cream does not rely on air as a lubricant. Most people who use Cremo Shave Cream notice how slick it feels during the shave. In addition to virtually no cuts, Cream Cream states that the shave will last longer.
Some of its most unique and impressive ingredients in Cremo Shave Cream are macadamia nut oil, marigold flower extract, aloe vera leaf juice, and papaya fruit extract. These ingredients act as moisturizers and skin conditioners, with wound healing, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Instead of glycerin, the sticky ingredient that most other shave creams use, Cremo Shave Cream uses xylitol, a natural substitute for sugar that lies in fruits and vegetables. It emulsifies and moisturizes the skin leaving it smooth and without irritation.
Cremo Cream has a few other impressive qualities: It is not tested on animals and it does not contain parabens, air or trace ingredients. Enjoy a smoother, longer-lasting shave with the company that has reinvented shave cream, Cremo Shave Cream.
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Aloe Soothing Gel is a refreshing and revitalizing formula designed to naturally replenish skin cells.
Brand | Now Solutions |
Manufacturer | Now Foods |
Size | 8 oz |
Size Options | N/A |
Color Options | N/A |
Cost/Feeding | No |
Apply to skin as needed, over a sunburn or windburn to soothe irritation. Reapply as needed.
Ingredients: Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis) Leaf Gel*, De-ionized Water, Potassium Carbomer, Sodium Hydroxymethyl Glycinate, Phenoxyethanol, Cucumber (Cucumis sativis) Extract, Allantoin, Vegetable Glycerine, Panthenol (Provitamin B-5), Natural Vitamin E (from mixed tocopherols), L-Arginine and Peppermint (Mentha piperita) Oil. *Certified Organic
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