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Use a spray bottle filled with three parts water and one part distilled vinegar to banish bacteria from smooth-skinned produce like apples.
Omega-3 Fats Helped Lower Stress Hormone in Basic Study
A Garden Grows in Northridge, California
We take whole fruits, squish'em in a pouch. 100% fruit fun!
A healthy pick for a happy snack.
Ours vs. the rest of 'em: Our all natural fruit is carefully blended to preserve all the goodness it started with.
All of the great taste you expect from Dole and none of the stuff you don't want.
These fruit pouches are squeezy easy.
Ideal for school, sports and on-the-go!
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Kids love water; that's a fact! Join us for a program that focuses on the joys of the wet and the wondrous. Learn how to paddle a kayak or canoe, explore the streams and pond for crayfish, pollywogs, salamanders, and other aquatic life, or don your mask and snorkel along the waters edge for a frog's eye view! Visit the islands of Bryant Pond, or spend some time daydreaming while you watch your bobber, waiting for a hungry fish to strike. Enjoy a cool dip in the lake and maybe a game of Sharks and Minnows. Other activities include nature arts, wildlife ecology, archery, and camp games!
Ages: 7 – 10
Program Dates:
6/30/13 – 7/5/13 Session FULL
8/4/13 – 8/9/13
Cost: $625.00
What to bring list: Word | PDF
Image Description: two happy campers

subset: commoncrawl


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Starring Rasselas Lakew, Dag Malmberg, Ruta Gedmintas, Abba Waka Dessalegn Directed by Davey Frankel, Rasselas Lakew Running Time - 1:29 Genre - Drama Opened in Theaters - Thursday, January 1st, 2009 ShowtimesThis movie is not currently playing in theaters. MultimediaRelated News Articles and Web Sites
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It will not recruit candidates nor coordinate with party leaders. It will disclose its donors.
One race it could get involved is in West Virginia, where Rep. Shelley Moore Capito had already announced her decision to run for the Senate even before incumbent Sen. Jay Rockefeller announced that he was going to retire.
Capito, who is in her seventh term, is viewed as a formidable candidate with a strong fundraising base.
However, several conservative groups, including the Senate Conservatives Fund, already have come out against her, calling her record "liberal" and saying she supported too much government spending.


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Cast: Christian Bale, Woody Harrelson, Casey Affleck, more
Steelworker Russell Baze (Christian Bale) works a dead-end job and holds tight to his sense of family, duty and loyalty. Rodney Baze (Casey Affleck... read more
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Hoping to escape from his troubled past, former DEA agent Phil Broker (Jason Statham) moves to a seemingly quiet backwater town in the bayou with h... read more
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Cast: Forest Whitaker, Angela Bassett, Jennifer Hudson, more
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Cast: Judi Dench, Steve Coogan, Michelle Fairley, more
Journalist Martin Sixsmith (Steve Coogan) helps Philomena Lee (Judi Dench) search for her long-lost son, who was taken from her by nuns in an Irish... read more
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After arriving safely home from their unprecedented victory in the 74th Annual Hunger Games, Katniss Everdeen (Jennifer Lawrence) and Peeta Mellark... read more
November 22, 2013 | 1 hr, 45 min.
Cast: Vince Vaughn, Chris Pratt, Cobie Smulders, more
Amiable slacker David Wozniak (Vince Vaughn) drives a delivery truck for his family's company and is content with a life of mediocrity. However, wh... read more
November 22, 2013 | 1 hr, 40 min.
Critic Review: ★★★★★ 1.5/4 stars
Cast: Hans Matheson, Samantha Barks, Lesley Manville, more
In 19th-century England, a minister's quest to modernize his village puts him at odds with people who believe that whoever lights the candle that a... read more
November 22, 2013 | 1 hr, 43 min.
Filmmaker Shaul Schwarz exposes the cycle of addiction to money, drugs and violence surrounding the war on drugs. read more
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Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS) |
Constellation | Canis Major |
Pronunciation | /ˈsɪriəs/[1] |
Right ascension | 06h 45m 08.9173s[2][note 1] |
Declination | −16° 42′ 58.017″[2][note 1] |
Apparent magnitude (V) | −1.47 (A)[2] / 8.30 (B)[3] |
Characteristics | |
Spectral type | A1V (A)[2] / DA2 (B)[3] |
U−B color index | −0.05 (A)[4] / −1.04 (B)[3] |
B−V color index | 0.01 (A)[2] / −0.03 (B)[3] |
Astrometry | |
Radial velocity (Rv) | −7.6[2] km/s |
Proper motion (μ) | RA: −546.05[2][note 1] mas/yr Dec.: −1223.14[2][note 1] mas/yr |
Parallax (π) | 379.21 ± 1.58[2][5] mas |
Distance | 8.60 ± 0.04 ly (2.64 ± 0.01 pc) |
Absolute magnitude (MV) | 1.42 (A)[note 2] / 11.18 (B)[3] |
Orbit[6] | |
Companion | α CMa B |
Period (P) | 50.090 ± 0.055 yr |
Semi-major axis (a) | 7.50 ± 0.04" |
Eccentricity (e) | 0.5923 ± 0.0019 |
Inclination (i) | 136.53 ± 0.43° |
Longitude of the node (Ω) | 44.57 ± 0.44° |
Periastron epoch (T) | 1894.130 ± 0.015 |
Argument of periastron (ω) (secondary) |
147.27 ± 0.54° |
Details | |
α CMa A | |
Mass | 2.02[7] M☉ |
Radius | 1.711[7] R☉ |
Luminosity | 25.4[7] L☉ |
Surface gravity (log g) | 4.33[8] cgs |
Temperature | 9,940[8] K |
Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.50[9] dex |
Rotation | 16 km/s[10] |
Age | 2–3 × 108[7] years |
α CMa B | |
Mass | 0.978[7] M☉ |
Radius | 0.0084 ± 3%[11] R☉ |
Luminosity | 0.026[note 3] L☉ |
Surface gravity (log g) | 8.57[11] cgs |
Temperature | 25,200[7] K |
Other designations | |
Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. With a visual apparent magnitude of −1.46, it is almost twice as bright as Canopus, the next brightest star. The name "Sirius" is derived from the Ancient Greek: Σείριος Seirios ("glowing" or "scorcher"). The star has the Bayer designation Alpha Canis Majoris (α CMa). What the naked eye perceives as a single star is actually a binary star system, consisting of a white main-sequence star of spectral type A1V, termed Sirius A, and a faint white dwarf companion of spectral type DA2, called Sirius B. The distance separating Sirius A from its companion varies between 8.1 and 31.5 AU.[18]
Sirius appears bright because of both its intrinsic luminosity and its proximity to Earth. At a distance of 2.6 parsecs (8.6 ly), as determined by the Hipparcos astrometry satellite,[5][19][20] the Sirius system is one of Earth's near neighbors; for Northern-hemisphere observers between 30 degrees and 73 degrees of latitude (including almost all of Europe and North America), it is the closest star (after the Sun) that can be seen with the naked eye. Sirius is gradually moving closer to the Solar System, so it will slightly increase in brightness over the next 60,000 years. After that time its distance will begin to recede, but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth's sky for the next 210,000 years.[21]
Sirius A is about twice as massive as the Sun and has an absolute visual magnitude of 1.42. It is 25 times more luminous than the Sun[7] but has a significantly lower luminosity than other bright stars such as Canopus or Rigel. The system is between 200 and 300 million years old.[7] It was originally composed of two bright bluish stars. The more massive of these, Sirius B, consumed its resources and became a red giant before shedding its outer layers and collapsing into its current state as a white dwarf around 120 million years ago.[7]
Sirius is also known colloquially as the "Dog Star", reflecting its prominence in its constellation, Canis Major (Greater Dog).[12] The heliacal rising of Sirius marked the flooding of the Nile in Ancient Egypt and the "dog days" of summer for the ancient Greeks, while to the Polynesians it marked winter and was an important star for navigation around the Pacific Ocean.
Observational history[edit]
Hieroglyph of |
Sirius, known in ancient Egypt as Sopdet (Greek: Σῶθις = Sothis), is recorded in the earliest astronomical records. During the era of the Middle Kingdom, Egyptians based their calendar on the heliacal rising of Sirius, namely the day it becomes visible just before sunrise after moving far enough away from the glare of the Sun. This occurred just before the annual flooding of the Nile and the summer solstice,[22] after a 70-day absence from the skies.[23] The hieroglyph for Sothis features a star and a triangle. Sothis was identified with the great goddess Isis, who formed a part of a triad with her husband Osiris and their son Horus, while the 70-day period symbolised the passing of Isis and Osiris through the duat (Egyptian underworld).[23]
The ancient Greeks observed that the appearance of Sirius heralded the hot and dry summer, and feared that it caused plants to wilt, men to weaken, and women to become aroused.[24] Due to its brightness, Sirius would have been noted to twinkle more in the unsettled weather conditions of early summer. To Greek observers, this signified certain emanations which caused its malignant influence. Anyone suffering its effects was said to be astroboletos (ἀστροβόλητος) or "star-struck". It was described as "burning" or "flaming" in literature.[25] The season following the star's appearance came to be known as the Dog Days of summer.[26] The inhabitants of the island of Ceos in the Aegean Sea would offer sacrifices to Sirius and Zeus to bring cooling breezes, and would await the reappearance of the star in summer. If it rose clear, it would portend good fortune; if it was misty or faint then it foretold (or emanated) pestilence. Coins retrieved from the island from the 3rd century BC feature dogs or stars with emanating rays, highlighting Sirius' importance.[25] The Romans celebrated the heliacal setting of Sirius around April 25, sacrificing a dog, along with incense, wine, and a sheep, to the goddess Robigo so that the star's emanations would not cause wheat rust on wheat crops that year.[27]
Ptolemy of Alexandria mapped the stars in Books VII and VIII of his Almagest, in which he used Sirius as the location for the globe's central meridian. He curiously depicted it as one of six red-coloured stars (see the Red controversy section below). The other five are class M and K stars, such as Arcturus and Betelgeuse.[28]
Bright stars were important to the ancient Polynesians for navigation between the many islands and atolls of the Pacific Ocean. Low on the horizon, they acted as stellar compasses to assist mariners in charting courses to particular destinations. They also served as latitude markers; the declination of Sirius matches the latitude of the archipelago of Fiji at 17°S and thus passes directly over the islands each night.[29] Sirius served as the body of a "Great Bird" constellation called Manu, with Canopus as the southern wingtip and Procyon the northern wingtip, which divided the Polynesian night sky into two hemispheres.[30] Just as the appearance of Sirius in the morning sky marked summer in Greece, so it marked the chilly onset of winter for the Māori, whose name Takurua described both the star and the season. Its culmination at the winter solstice was marked by celebration in Hawaii, where it was known as Ka'ulua, "Queen of Heaven". Many other Polynesian names have been recorded, including Tau-ua in the Marquesas Islands, Rehua in New Zealand, Aa and Hoku-Kauopae in Hawaii,[31] and Ta'urua-fau-papa "Festivity of original high chiefs" and Ta'urua-e-hiti-i-te-tara-te-feiai "Festivity who rises with prayers and religious ceremonies" in Tahiti.[32]
The indigenous Boorong people of northwestern Victoria named Sirius as Warepil.[33]
In 1718, Edmond Halley discovered the proper motion of the hitherto presumed "fixed" stars[34] after comparing contemporary astrometric measurements with those given in Ptolemy's Almagest. The bright stars Aldebaran, Arcturus and Sirius were noted to have moved significantly, the last of which having progressed 30 arc minutes (about the diameter of the moon) southwards in 1,800 years.[35]
In 1868, Sirius became the first star to have its velocity measured. Sir William Huggins examined the spectrum of this star and observed a noticeable red shift. He concluded that Sirius was receding from the Solar System at about 40 km/s.[36][37] Compared to the modern value of −7.6 km/s,[2] this both was an overestimate and had the wrong sign; the minus means it is approaching the Sun. However, it is notable for introducing the study of celestial radial velocities.
Discovery of a companion[edit]
In 1844 the German astronomer Friedrich Bessel deduced from changes in the proper motion of Sirius that it had an unseen companion.[38] Nearly two decades later, on January 31, 1862, American telescope-maker and astronomer Alvan Graham Clark first observed the faint companion, which is now called Sirius B, or affectionately "the Pup".[39] This happened during testing of an 18.5-inch (470 mm) aperture great refractor telescope for Dearborn Observatory, which was the largest refracting telescope lens in existence at the time, and the largest telescope in America.[40] Sirius B sighting was confirmed on March 8 with smaller telescopes as well.[41]
The visible star is now sometimes known as Sirius A. Since 1894, some apparent orbital irregularities in the Sirius system have been observed, suggesting a third very small companion star, but this has never been definitely confirmed. The best fit to the data indicates a six-year orbit around Sirius A and a mass of only 0.06 solar masses. This star would be five to ten magnitudes fainter than the white dwarf Sirius B, which would account for the difficulty of observing it.[42] Observations published in 2008 were unable to detect either a third star or a planet. An apparent "third star" observed in the 1920s is now confirmed as a background object.[43]
In 1915, Walter Sydney Adams, using a 60-inch (1.5 m) reflector at Mount Wilson Observatory, observed the spectrum of Sirius B and determined that it was a faint whitish star.[44] This led astronomers to conclude that it was a white dwarf, the second to be discovered.[45] The diameter of Sirius A was first measured by Robert Hanbury Brown and Richard Q. Twiss in 1959 at Jodrell Bank using their stellar intensity interferometer.[46] In 2005, using the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers determined that Sirius B has nearly the diameter of the Earth, 12,000 kilometers (7,500 mi), with a mass that is 98% of the Sun.[47][48][49][50]
Red controversy[edit]
Around 150 AD, the Greek astronomer of the Roman period Claudius Ptolemy described Sirius as reddish, along with five other stars, Betelgeuse, Antares, Aldebaran, Arcturus and Pollux, all of which are clearly of orange or red hue.[51] The discrepancy was first noted by amateur astronomer Thomas Barker, squire of Lyndon Hall in Rutland, who prepared a paper and spoke at a meeting of the Royal Society in London in 1760.[52] The existence of other stars changing in brightness gave credence to the idea that some may change in color too; Sir John Herschel noted this in 1839, possibly influenced by witnessing Eta Carinae two years earlier.[53] Thomas Jefferson Jackson See resurrected discussion on red Sirius with the publication of several papers in 1892, and a final summary in 1926.[54] He cited not only Ptolemy but also the poet Aratus, the orator Cicero, and general Germanicus as coloring the star red, though acknowledging that none of the latter three authors were astronomers, the last two merely translating Aratus' poem Phaenomena.[55] Seneca, too, had described Sirius as being of a deeper red color than Mars.[56] However, not all ancient observers saw Sirius as red. The 1st century AD poet Marcus Manilius described it as "sea-blue", as did the 4th century Avienus.[57] It is the standard star for the color white in ancient China, and multiple records from the 2nd century BC up to the 7th century AD all describe Sirius as white in hue.[58][59]
In 1985, German astronomers Wolfhard Schlosser and Werner Bergmann published an account of an 8th-century Lombardic manuscript, which contains De cursu stellarum ratio by St. Gregory of Tours. The Latin text taught readers how to determine the times of nighttime prayers from positions of the stars, and Sirius is described within as rubeola — "reddish". The authors proposed this was further evidence Sirius B had been a red giant at the time.[60] However, other scholars replied that it was likely St. Gregory had been referring to Arcturus instead.[61][62]
The possibility that stellar evolution of either Sirius A or Sirius B could be responsible for this discrepancy has been rejected by astronomers on the grounds that the timescale of thousands of years is too short and that there is no sign of the nebulosity in the system that would be expected had such a change taken place.[56] An interaction with a third star, to date undiscovered, has also been proposed as a possibility for a red appearance.[63] Alternative explanations are either that the description as red is a poetic metaphor for ill fortune, or that the dramatic scintillations of the star when it was observed rising left the viewer with the impression that it was red. To the naked eye, it often appears to be flashing with red, white and blue hues when near the horizon.[56]
With an apparent magnitude of −1.46, Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, almost twice the brightness of the second brightest star, Canopus.[65] However, it is not as bright as the Moon, Venus, or Jupiter. At times, Mercury and Mars are also brighter than Sirius.[66] Sirius can be seen from almost every inhabited region of the Earth's surface, with only those north of 73 degrees unable to see it. However, it does not rise very high when viewed from some northern cities, reaching only 13° above the horizon from Saint Petersburg.[67] Sirius, along with Procyon and Betelgeuse, forms one of the three vertices of the Winter Triangle to observers in the Northern Hemisphere.[68] Due to its declination of roughly −17°,[2] Sirius is a circumpolar star from latitudes south of 73° S. From the Southern Hemisphere in early July, Sirius can be seen in both the evening where it sets after the Sun, and in the morning where it rises before the Sun.[69] Due to precession (and slightly proper motion), Sirius will move further south. From AD 9000 Sirius won't be visible any more from northern and central Europe and in AD 14000 (when Vega is close to the North Pole) its declination will be -67º and thus will be circumpolar throughout South Africa and in most parts of Australia.
Sirius can even be observed in daylight with the naked eye under the right conditions. Ideally, the sky should be very clear, with the observer at a high altitude, the star passing overhead, and the Sun low down on the horizon.[70] These observing conditions are more easily met in the southern hemisphere, due to the southerly declination of Sirius.
The orbital motion of the Sirius binary system brings the two stars to a minimum angular separation of 3 arcseconds and a maximum of 11 arcseconds. At the closest approach, it is an observational challenge to distinguish the white dwarf from its more luminous companion, requiring a telescope with at least 300 mm (12 in) aperture and excellent seeing conditions. A periastron occurred in 1994[note 4] and the pair have since been moving apart, making them easier to separate with a telescope.[71]
At a distance of 2.6 parsecs (8.6 ly), the Sirius system contains two of the eight nearest stars to the Solar System[72] and is the fifth closest stellar system to ours.[72] This proximity is the main reason for its brightness, as with other near stars such as Alpha Centauri and in stark contrast to distant, highly luminous supergiants such as Canopus, Rigel or Betelgeuse.[73] However, it is still around 25 times more luminous than the Sun.[7] The closest large neighbouring star to Sirius is Procyon, 1.61 parsecs (5.24 ly) away.[74] The Voyager 2 spacecraft, launched in 1977 to study the four Jovian planets in the Solar System, is expected to pass within 4.3 light-years (1.3 pc) of Sirius in approximately 296,000 years.[75]
Sirius is a binary star system consisting of two white stars orbiting each other with a separation of about 20 astronomical units (3.0×109 km; 1.9×109 mi)[note 5] (roughly the distance between the Sun and Uranus) and a period of 50.1 years. The brighter component, termed Sirius A, is a main-sequence star of spectral type A1V, with an estimated surface temperature of 9,940 K.[8] Its companion, Sirius B, is a star that has already evolved off the main sequence and become a white dwarf. Currently 10,000 times less luminous in the visual spectrum, Sirius B was once the more massive of the two.[76] The age of the system has been estimated at around 230 million years. Early in its lifespan it was thought to have been two bluish white stars orbiting each other in an elliptical orbit every 9.1 years.[76] The system emits a higher than expected level of infrared radiation, as measured by IRAS space-based observatory. This may be an indication of dust in the system, and is considered somewhat unusual for a binary star.[74][77] The Chandra X-ray Observatory image shows Sirius B outshining its bright partner as it is a brighter X-ray source.[78]
Sirius A[edit]
Sirius A has a mass double that of the Sun.[7][79] The radius of this star has been measured by an astronomical interferometer, giving an estimated angular diameter of 5.936±0.016 mas. The projected rotational velocity is a relatively low 16 km/s,[10] which does not produce any significant flattening of its disk.[80] This is at marked variance with the similar-sized Vega, which rotates at a much faster 274 km/s and bulges prominently around its equator.[81] A weak magnetic field has been detected on the surface of Sirius A.[82]
Stellar models suggest that the star formed during the collapsing of a molecular cloud, and that after 10 million years, its internal energy generation was derived entirely from nuclear reactions. The core became convective and utilized the CNO cycle for energy generation.[80] It is predicted that Sirius A will have completely exhausted the store of hydrogen at its core within a billion (109) years of its formation. At this point it will pass through a red giant stage, then settle down to become a white dwarf.
Sirius A is classed as an Am star because the spectrum shows deep metallic absorption lines,[83] indicating an enhancement in elements heavier than helium, such as iron.[74][80] When compared to the Sun, the proportion of iron in the atmosphere of Sirius A relative to hydrogen is given by ,[9] which is equivalent to 100.5, meaning it has 316% of the proportion of iron in the Sun's atmosphere. The high surface content of metallic elements is unlikely to be true of the entire star, rather the iron-peak and heavy metals are radiatively levitated towards the surface.[80]
Sirius B[edit]
With a mass nearly equal to the Sun's, Sirius B is one of the more massive white dwarfs known (0.98 solar masses[84]); it is almost double the 0.5–0.6 solar-mass average. Yet that same mass is packed into a volume roughly equal to the Earth's.[84] The current surface temperature is 25,200 K.[7] However, because there is no internal heat source, Sirius B will steadily cool as the remaining heat is radiated into space over a period of more than two billion years.[85]
A white dwarf forms only after the star has evolved from the main sequence and then passed through a red-giant stage. This occurred when Sirius B was less than half its current age, around 120 million years ago. The original star had an estimated 5 solar masses[7] and was a B-type star (roughly B4–5)[86][87] when it still was on the main sequence. While it passed through the red giant stage, Sirius B may have enriched the metallicity of its companion.
This star is primarily composed of a carbon–oxygen mixture that was generated by helium fusion in the progenitor star.[7] This is overlaid by an envelope of lighter elements, with the materials segregated by mass because of the high surface gravity.[88] Hence the outer atmosphere of Sirius B is now almost pure hydrogen—the element with the lowest mass—and no other elements are seen in its spectrum.[89]
Sirius star cluster[edit]
In 1909, Ejnar Hertzsprung was the first to suggest that Sirius was a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group, based on his observations of the system's movements across the sky. The Ursa Major Group is a set of 220 stars that share a common motion through space and were once formed as members of an open cluster, which has since become gravitationally unbound.[90] However, analyses in 2003 and 2005 found Sirius's membership in the group to be questionable: the Ursa Major Group has an estimated age of 500±100 million years, whereas Sirius, with metallicity similar to the Sun's, has an age that is only half this, making it too young to belong to the group.[7][91][92] Sirius may instead be a member of the proposed Sirius Supercluster, along with other scattered stars such as Beta Aurigae, Alpha Coronae Borealis, Beta Crateris, Beta Eridani and Beta Serpentis.[93] This is one of three large clusters located within 500 light-years (150 pc) of the Sun. The other two are the Hyades and the Pleiades, and each of these clusters consists of hundreds of stars.[94]
Etymology and cultural significance[edit]
The most commonly used proper name of this star comes from the Latin Sīrius, from the Ancient Greek Σείριος (Seirios, "glowing" or "scorcher"),[95] although the Greek word itself may have been imported from elsewhere before the Archaic period,[96] one authority suggesting a link with the Egyptian god Osiris.[97] The name's earliest recorded use dates from the 7th century BC in Hesiod's poetic work Works and Days.[96] Sirius has over 50 other designations and names attached to it.[65] In Geoffrey Chaucer's essay Treatise on the Astrolabe, it bears the name Alhabor, and is depicted by a hound's head. This name is widely used on medieval astrolabes from Western Europe.[13] In Sanskrit it is known as Mrgavyadha "deer hunter", or Lubdhaka "hunter". As Mrgavyadha, the star represents Rudra (Shiva).[98][99] The star is referred as Makarajyoti in Malayalam and has religious significance to the pilgrim center Sabarimala.[citation needed] In Scandinavia, the star has been known as Lokabrenna ("burning done by Loki", or "Loki's torch").[100] In the astrology of the Middle Ages, Sirius was a Behenian fixed star,[101] associated with beryl and juniper. Its astrological symbol was listed by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa.[102]
Many cultures have historically attached special significance to Sirius, particularly in relation to dogs. Indeed, it is often colloquially called the "Dog Star" as the brightest star of Canis Major, the "Great Dog" constellation.
It was classically depicted as Orion's dog. The Ancient Greeks thought that Sirius's emanations could affect dogs adversely, making them behave abnormally during the "dog days," the hottest days of the summer. The Romans knew these days as dies caniculares, and the star Sirius was called Canicula, "little dog." The excessive panting of dogs in hot weather was thought to place them at risk of desiccation and disease. In extreme cases, a foaming dog might have rabies, which could infect and kill humans whom they had bitten.[25] Homer, in the Iliad, describes the approach of Achilles toward Troy in these words:
Sirius rises late in the dark, liquid sky
On summer nights, star of stars,
Orion's Dog they call it, brightest
Of all, but an evil portent, bringing heat
And fevers to suffering humanity.[103]
In Iranian mythology, especially in Persian mythology and in Zoroastrianism, the ancient religion of Persia, Sirius appears as Tishtrya and is revered as the rain-maker divinity (Tishtar of New Persian poetry). Beside passages in the sacred texts of the Avesta, the Avestan language Tishtrya followed by the version Tir in Middle and New Persian is also depicted in the Persian epic Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. Due to the concept of the yazatas, powers which are "worthy of worship", Tishtrya is a divinity of rain and fertility and an antagonist of apaosha, the demon of drought. In this struggle, Tishtrya is beautifully depicted as a white horse.[104][105][106][107]
In Chinese astronomy the star is known as the star of the "celestial wolf" (Chinese and Japanese: 天狼; ; Chinese romanization: Tiānláng; Japanese romanization: Tenrō;[108] in the Mansion of Jǐng (井宿). Farther afield, many nations among the indigenous peoples of North America also associated Sirius with canines; the Seri and Tohono O'odham of the southwest note the star as a dog that follows mountain sheep, while the Blackfoot called it "Dog-face". The Cherokee paired Sirius with Antares as a dog-star guardian of either end of the "Path of Souls". The Pawnee of Nebraska had several associations; the Wolf (Skidi) tribe knew it as the "Wolf Star", while other branches knew it as the "Coyote Star". Further north, the Alaskan Inuit of the Bering Strait called it "Moon Dog".[109]
Several cultures also associated the star with a bow and arrows. The Ancient Chinese visualized a large bow and arrow across the southern sky, formed by the constellations of Puppis and Canis Major. In this, the arrow tip is pointed at the wolf Sirius. A similar association is depicted at the Temple of Hathor in Dendera, where the goddess Satet has drawn her arrow at Hathor (Sirius). Known as "Tir", the star was portrayed as the arrow itself in later Persian culture.[110]
Sirius is mentioned in Surah, An-Najm ("The Star"), of the Qur'an, where it is given the name الشِّعْرَى (transliteration: aš-ši'rā or ash-shira; the leader).[111] The verse is: "وأنَّهُ هُوَ رَبُّ الشِّعْرَى", "That He is the Lord of Sirius (the Mighty Star)." (An-Najm:49)[112] Ibn Kathir said in his commentary "Ibn 'Abbas, Mujahid, Qatada and Ibn Zayd said about Ash-Shi`ra that it is the bright star, named Mirzam Al-Jawza' (Sirius), which a group of Arabs used to worship."[113] The alternate name Aschere, used by Johann Bayer, is derived from this.[12]
In Theosophy, it is believed the Seven Stars of the Pleiades transmit the spiritual energy of the Seven Rays from the Galactic Logos to the Seven Stars of the Great Bear, then to Sirius. From there is it sent via the Sun to the god of Earth (Sanat Kumara), and finally through the seven Masters of the Seven Rays to the human race.[114]
The Dogon people are an ethnic group in Mali, West Africa, reported to have traditional astronomical knowledge about Sirius that would normally be considered impossible without the use of telescopes. According to Marcel Griaule's books Conversations with Ogotemmêli and The Pale Fox they knew about the fifty-year orbital period of Sirius and its companion prior to western astronomers. They also refer to a third star accompanying Sirius A and B. Robert Temple's 1976 book The Sirius Mystery, credits them with knowledge of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter and the rings of Saturn. This has been the subject of controversy and speculation.
Serer religion[edit]
In the religion of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania, Sirius is called Yoonir from the Serer language (and some of the Cangin language speakers, who are all ethnically Serers). The star Sirius is one of the most important and sacred stars in Serer religious cosmology and symbolism. The Serer high priests and priestesses, (Saltigues, the hereditary "rain priests"[117]) chart Yoonir in order to forecast rain fall and enable Serer farmers to start planting seeds. In Serer religious cosmology, it is the symbol of the universe.[115][116]
Modern legacy[edit]
Sirius is frequently a subject used in science fiction and related popular culture,[118] and has been the subject of poetry.[119] Dante and John Milton reference the star, while Tennyson's poem The Princess wonderfully describes the star's scintillation:
..the fiery Sirius alters hue
And bickers into red and emerald.[120]
The Grateful Dead mention the dog star in the song "Lost Sailor".
Sirius is featured on the coat of arms of Macquarie University, and is the name of its alumnae journal.[121] The name of the North American satellite radio company, Satellite CD Radio, Inc., was changed to Sirius Satellite Radio in November 1999, being named after "the brightest star in the night sky".[122] Composer Karlheinz Stockhausen has been claimed to have said on several occasions that he came from a planet in the Sirius system.[123][124] Astronomer Noah Brosch has speculated that the name of the character Sirius Black from the Harry Potter stories, who owns a unique ability to transform into a black dog, might have been inspired by "Sirius B".[119]
Sirius is one of the 27 stars on the flag of Brazil, where it represents the state of Mato Grosso.[125]
Seven ships of Great Britain's Royal Navy have been called HMS Sirius since the 18th century, with the first being the flagship of the First Fleet to Australia in 1788.[126] The Royal Australian Navy subsequently named a vessel HMAS Sirius in honor of the flagship.[127] American vessels include the USNS Sirius as well as a monoplane model—the Lockheed Sirius, the first of which was flown by Charles Lindbergh.[128] The name was also adopted by Mitsubishi Motors for the Mitsubishi Sirius engine in 1980.[129]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b c d Astrometric data, mirrored by SIMBAD from the Hipparcos catalogue, pertains to the center of mass of the Sirius system. See § 2.3.4, Volume 1, The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, European Space Agency, 1997, and the entry for Sirius in the Hipparcos catalogue (CDS ID I/239.)
- ^ For apparent magnitude m and parallax π, the absolute magnitude Mv of Sirius A is given by:
- ^ Bolometric luminosity of Sirius B calculated from L=4πR2σTeff4. (This simplifies to Ls=(Rs)^2*(Ts)^4, where Ls, Rs and Ts are Luminosity, Radius and Temperature all relative to solar values) See: Tayler, Roger John (1994). The Stars: Their Structure and Evolution. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN 0-521-45885-4.
- ^ Two full 50.09-year orbits following the periastron epoch of 1894.13 gives a date of 1994.31.
- ^ 1 light year = 63,241 AU; semi-major axis = distance × tan(subtended angle) = 8.6 × 63,241 × tan(7.56″) = 19.9 A.U., approximately
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Cited texts[edit]
- Brosch, Noah (2008). Sirius Matters. Springer. ISBN 1-4020-8318-1
- Holberg, J.B. (2007). Sirius: Brightest Diamond in the Night Sky. Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing. ISBN 0-387-48941-X
External links[edit]
Look up dog days in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sirius. |
- Professor Kaler's webpage on Sirius
- Astronomy Picture of the Day of Sirius B in x-ray
- Discussion on Dogon issue
- Sirius time
- Barker, Tho.; Stukeley, W. (1760). "Remarks on the Mutations of the Stars". Philosophical Transactions 51 (0): 498–504. doi:10.1098/rstl.1759.0049. JSTOR 105393.
Coordinates: 06h 45m 08.9173s, −16° 42′ 58.017″


text:
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Posted: Dec 30, 2012 4:34 PM by Erika Flores
Updated: Dec 30, 2012 9:45 PM
TUCSON- Ready to ring in the New Year? Many local restaurants and bars are busy this weekend preparing for the New Year's Eve celebration.
At Hotel Congress, preparations are underway to turn it into Studio 54.
"Everything is going to be white and beads and crystals and fabulous," said events manager Nora Miller.
The event crew has been working on the room since Sunday morning and won't finish until just four hours before the event.
Across the street, Playground is also gearing up for their big bash.
"They're already selling tickets online. There's going to be a toast. We're opening the roof deck," said Nathan Mitchell, manager at The Hub which has the same owner as Playground.
The Hub is already busy on a Sunday and expects to be a full house come New Year's Eve.
"We're filling up fast," said Mitchell.
Staff schedules have already gone out with few getting the day off.
"We're just getting the staff ready. We're making sure that everyone can handle what's coming in," said Mitchell.
A special VIP dinner is on tap from 4 to 8 and afterwards, dinner plates will be flowing out for those spending the later hours at the Hub.
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Authors » Carina Hoang
Carina Hoang
At the age of 16 Carina Hoang left Vietnam with two younger siblings and four hundred strangers in a frail wooden boat and set off across the South China Sea. They survived the harrowing journey and the extreme challenges that followed in a primitive refugee camp, and ultimately were accepted for resettlement in the United States.
In 2006 Carina relocated to Perth, Western Australia and began assisting a number of Vietnamese families to find the graves of their loved ones in former refugee camps based in Indonesia. Carina is now working on a PhD at Murdoch University based on aspects of this book.
Books available from Fremantle Press
- Boat People 2011
From the Catalogue
Light Horse Boy at Bologna
Fremantle Press illustrators are again set to shine at the Bologna Children's Book Fair in March 2014. Drawings from Light Horse Boy will feature in the Australian Publishers Association exhibition Hello! from Australia while The Last Viking and Dreamers will feature in the exhibition's book showcase.


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D12 30 mother☺☺☺☺ing dozen
Dis one <3
Changed my mind again, this ones good though.
New Wallpaper - http://www.bestrockpics.com/data/med...0wallpaper.jpg
*removed by Precarious*
Last edited by Precarious; 10-24-2011 at 03:09 PM. Reason: Tsk tsk. Language.
*Removed by Precarious*
*expects something laughable*
*sees: "Mine! ☺☺☺☺ off!"*
You get 10 points.
Congrats, I have just given you points.
Also, mine: http://imageshack.us/photo/my-images...48892671s.jpg/
Edit: Damn that's small (twss). But in all seriousness, I'll try to find a bigger version of that picture.
Last edited by Precarious; 10-24-2011 at 03:08 PM.
Sorry guys. Didn't realise there was a curse word on my desktop. I respectfully delete my post.
Here's my current one. They tend to change every six months or so, I don't often see them since I full screen windows on my laptop so...
This is the image without my derpy icons all over the place: http://lackadaisy.foxprints.com/exhi...?exhibitid=361
You plays teh Minecraft?
Mine: http://www.picturestore.com.au/image.../2300-8344.jpg
http://browse.deviantart.com/?qh=&se...arade#/d11ojxi this is my latest one though they tend to change every now and againt though sometimes everyday depending what I want.
I just changed it. http://a1.sphotos.ak.fbcdn.net/photo...31663_6672.jpg
That's a gorgeous image.
My current one: http://www.ewallpapers.eu/w_show/fal...0-900-6270.jpg
My new background: http://memebase.com/2011/11/11/inter...own-two-to-go/
This is one old thread, but I've finally found a new wallpaper that satisfies me: http://tiffanysinnerthoughts.files.w...gel-dr-who.jpg
My Background.
I should probably delete about half of those shortcuts...
EDIT: And yes, I did go back to 19:45 yesterday. This post was just a ploy to prove I have the ability to time travel - 2K, you've been played.
This is my current: http://i220.photobucket.com/albums/d...at115303PM.png
Here is Mine
This is my current Wallpaper
My new Hunger Games Wallpaper.
It's the default Windows 7 wallpaper.
My new wallpaper: http://deathnotewallpaper.org/bulkup...lpaper-248.jpg
Now THIS is just plain amazing: http://i.imgur.com/LYjEg.jpg
It's also my wallpaper.


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Re: Bill Evans Matters
Four years ago this summer, I was one of the speakers invited to the Lenox Public Library to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Miles Davis's Kind of Blue. Bill Evans, of course, was the pianist on that groundbreaking recording, and the author of the album's liner note essay connecting the sponaneity of jazz improvisation with a form of Japanese painting. I used the occasion to decry the lack of respect shown Evans in the Ken Burns documentary on jazz, which mentioned him only in the context of the Davis masterpiece. Wynton Marsalis's view of Evans as a musician drawn more to classical music and the tragic sensibility than the bluesy affirmativeness of African American culture undoubtedly shaped Burns's perspective, and as Evans is inarguably one of the most influential jazz artists of the past half-century, his neglect by Burns stands as the most glaring of many omissions in the film.
In his autobiography, Davis said that "Bill had this quiet fire that I loved on piano...the sound he got was like crystal notes of sparkling water cascading down from some clear waterfall...I had to change the way the band sounded again for Bill's style by playing different tunes, softer ones at first. Bill played underneath the rhythm and I liked that." How's that for contrast with what Marsalis's mentor and Evans detractor Stanley Crouch says are the hard-swinging, gutbucket essentials of jazz?
In a recently published article entitled My Bill Evans Problem, Philadelphia journalist Eugene Holley, Jr. offers a frank account of how self-conscious he felt as a black fan of Evans's music. Holley writes, "It was Bill Evans's love of, and application of, European classical styles, approaches, and motifs into jazz that was so attractive to my ears…So it was in that hot-house atmosphere of well-meaning—but ultimately immature and xenophobic attitudes about music and race—that my Bill Evans problem existed. The problem manifested itself in many ways. I would often hide Bill Evans albums when talking about jazz musicians with fellow black jazz fans for fear of being "outed" as a sellout, given a look of disapproval, or asked, 'Why are you listening to that white boy?'
"Slowly but surely, my perceptions about jazz and race began to evolve and change. As my jazz historical studies deepened, I learned that music is a cultural, not a racial phenomenon. Black Americans at the turn of the 20th century created jazz by combining elements of European classical instruments, harmonies, and song forms with African, Afro-Caribbean, and American rhythms and melodic structures. As Ralph Ellison noted, 'blood and skin don't think.' Or to put it a different way: jazz didn't come into existence because black people were simply black. Its creation was the result of history, geography, social conditions, and, most importantly, the will to create something of artistic human value. To believe anything else plummets us into the foul abyss of pseudo-racist demagoguery that still plagues us on so many levels today."
Evans had been a member of Davis's sextet in 1958, and by most accounts was a player who'd sparked the trumpeter's imagination and shared his interest in making use of modes as a harmonic framework in jazz. Miles allowed that Evans, "turned me on to some classical composers [who] influenced me," and said that even though Wynton Kelly had succeeded Evans by March 1959, "I had already planned that album around the piano playing of Bill Evans." While it remains a matter of conjecture, Evans is widely thought to have played a major role in shaping the tunes on Kind of Blue, and he most likely composed "Blue in Green." The ballad's melancholy modality (Holley describes it as "azure Impressionism") squares with the overall mood of Evans's music.
(Orrin Keepnews, Scott LaFaro, Bill Evans, and Paul Motian at the Village Vanguard)
1959 was also the year in which Evans established his trio with Scott LaFaro and Paul Motian. Orrin Keepnews, who produced the trio's studio recordings and their fabled performance at the Village Vanguard on June 25, 1961, told New Yorker writer Adam Gopnick in 2001 that "the trouble with Bill…was always persuading Bill to play at all. He had very low self-esteem. That's what drew him to Scott…When they started working together what was clear from the first was that Bill had something very different in mind from the normal interplay of piano with bass…Bill was looking for something very different---a joined-together kind of thing."
In a 1979 interview published by Wayne Enstice and Paul Rubin in Jazz Spoken Here, Evans reflected on LaFaro's critical role in the trio. "When we got together I realized that Scott had the conceptual potential, he had the virtuosity, and he had the experience and the musical responsibility, to handle the problem of approaching the bass function in jazz, especially with a trio, which is a very pure kind of setup with more freedom.
"I thought I could depend on him to approach this, and we just really accepted a conceptual goal which was more conversational, more a thing where, including the drums, everybody could contribute. They didn't have to play the roles that were more or less assigned by jazz tradition… but rather leave our minds wide open but with responsibility, so that we weren't just going off into space, that we were using that tradition but allowing ourselves to be a little more open within it. In a space of about two years we tried to work toward that goal with responsibility.
"Musicians, you know, in various countries told us that those particular records seemed to have had an impact and that they represented this kind of --- wasn't like a kind of a break, an iconoclastic thing you know, where we just rebelled against everything… it was more like an extension of what had been happening and perhaps more of a completion or something like that."
From the same interview, Evans's answer to a question about his influence on other players reminds me of how the greatest artists discover their gifts as innovators through a deep engagement with tradition, that a harnessing of knowledge and technique precedes artistic breakthroughs.
"First of all, I never strived for identity. That's something that just has happened automatically as a result, I think, of just putting things together, tearing things apart and putting things together my own way, and somehow I guess the individual comes through eventually. I suppose I could see where I could be an influence, because I think what I've done is I've put something together which is not eccentric; it's a nice kind of eclectic amalgamation of what has gone down before me or something like that. .. [others] can become influenced by it, and they could also just then move through it, because it's not eccentric and it's not so highly stylized [as Monk or Erroll Garner]...It's really difficult for me to know or see those things. I believe it's true, because it's been said so much, you know, and for so long that I suppose there's some truth in it…Once in a while I seem to catch an inkling of it, but of course, I'm not looking for it."
Excellent, Tom. Thank you.
Bill Evans is, hands-down (no pun intended), my favorite pianist. Thanks for this excellent piece, Tom. A fitting tribute to a marvelous contributor to the tradition. I, for one, have been hugely influenced in my playing and in my writing by his approach to the music, and I know that hundreds of others have as well.
Ray Pfeiffer, Fort Worth, TX
Bill Evans & Ken Burns; a reflection
Tom, another terrific column which had me relecting on a couple of things. I'm a huge Bill Evans fan. He's number one on my list of jazz pianists. Sort of like there's Meryl Streep & then all rest. Now that's not to demean the Tommy Flanagans & Kenny Barrons of the world. Theres so many great players. It's been years since I have watched the Burns documentary but I recall thinking, wheres the rest of it? Where does Art Pepper, Gerry Mulligan & my man Chet fit in all this? Look, I have no problem with highlighting the contributions of Armstrong, Ellington, Parker & Coltrane, but how about all the others that got nary a mention including Evans? Does Wynton Marsalis think only Black musicians contributed to this great art form? I'm certain Wynton listened to Clifford Brown, Blue Mitchell & Wynton Kelly but how about Dave McKenna & Ruby Braff & Art Pepper who has to rank right up there with several of my other favorites Sonny Stitt & Cannonball? When I first got into jazz in 1956, I mistakingly thought that all the soulful guys were Black and in order to be hip that's the music I was listening to. I bought a steady stream of Prestige & Blue Note recordings. As time went on, I soon found myself getting into a lot of other artists that recorded on the Contemporary label; the West Coast guys. Over the years my tastes have altered & I'm enjoying a variety of jazz. I can enjoy the wonders of Teddy Wilson & Don Friedman, also Jessica Williams. There's just so much. Thanks for the great column, Tom. Just a thought: Ken Burns should have consulted with you before putting this package together. Frank Wilner, Concord, N.H.


text:
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Doing evil does take a toll. Witness the facial appearances of the 'Joker.´
He´s starting to look like a Gay version of Morgan Freeman.Starring in "Driving Me´s Crazy
Governing Germany had the same effect on Hitler!
Some things don´t get better with age.
120 rounds of golf at 130 strokes per round will do that to a person.
Not nearly enough, not nearly enough.
Just think how bad it would have been if he had really worked!
Life´s tough when you´re in over your head.
Well... he has spent the last four years worrying that he might not be able to compleely destroy this Nation in just one term...And now, after four years of unrelenting attacks on the Constitution, the private sector, our legal system, and on every working / productive American Citizen, he is worried that America just might survive another four years.And THAT would destroy his legacy, which is: He wants to go down in history as the ONLY man powerful and ruthless enough to bring down the Greatest Nation on Earth. He wants to become known as the all time patron saint of Marxists and Socialiss for all time to come.Either that or he is secretly haunted by the forged Birth Certificate...
He´s no Dorian Gray.
What´s unusual about any human being aging? It happens in the best of families. As Montaigne remarked, even kings crap.
I love you guys..... All previous posters have made my day. Thank you for your wit. May God save our country frommthis evil Communist and the hordes ot takers that voted for him. Where are the jobs? The jobs? Jobs? ØbaMugabe, where are the jobs, you incompetent idiot?????
Yes, stress adds to aging; trying to remember all of the lies told does add stress.
Well, for my part he hasn´t aged enough yet!
As hope costs nothing, I was wishing him a cerebrovascular incident.
I suppose I should withhold comment about what he deserves after those four years, might get me a visit from the secret service.
well, at least he is allowed to age..according to his obamacare some people willk not be allowed to age...
What would he look like without all the makeup he wears?
Would his physician tell the truth if Obama was diagnosed with AIDS?I don´t want to hear anything about patients´ right to privacy..Obama canceled that with Obamacare.Take a look at recent photos..Obama is a sick man.
We still haven´t seen that recent medical report they promised.
Exactly, Poster #20. Just where are those medical reports.
Aged??? BS!...the guy hasn´t done a thing, except play. Golf, Basketball, being President, he´s a pretender at all of them. He and his family are the modern day Beverly Hillbillies. Though he ain´t no Jed Clampett. They act more like Lottery winners than a first family. As the first poster said, we´ve all aged more because of them.
I´ve aged, too, these past four years. My friends all say I need a vacation, to someplace warm, with a beach. Maybe if Obama could scrape together enough money to take his family on a real vacation, once in a while, he would look more rested.
Lotsa photoshopping.But his evil personality is increasingly showing through. Think Dorian Gray. He´s living it.
He may have aged in looks, but he hasn´t got any wiser.Art
With no more experience than as a community organizer, i.e. shakedown artist, Stinky was and is totally unprepared for the responsibilities of the presidency of our beloved nation. It must have been quite a shock when he was faced with those responsibilities. Enough to turn him gray-- and bring on who knows what mental and physical ailments.
So? We all looked better 4 years ago!
Who gives a rat´s patoot? This imposter gets way too much air time.
Reminds me of the "before and after" pictures of meth addicts.
Aged by Hollywood makeup professionals to get sympathy. I think he´s been on Syfy´s Face Off (or is that Two Face from Batman?).
He probably needs a vacation.
Every bit the physical specimen as JFK.
Four years of lavish eating and partying with an unlimited budget would finally start wearing on anyone.
Faster, please.
OP nails it.
Sadly after 4 years of holding the job he still isn´t qualified to be President.
Just read Dorian Gray this year. We all know what the reference is...the book was a lot more horrifying. Interesting read.
Obie´s aging past his prime? Well....We could put together a "Palin Panel" from posters on this thread...You know what Palin calls those panels...Then we could acknowledge that we all live under the newest version of a Dicktaterfrom Imperial Rome...and, keeping it real, vote Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down in our "Palin Panel"...regarding the fate of our dear Dicktater.Once the (predicktable) results are in, maybe draw straws to see who might enforce the "Palin Panel" verdict.This reality show can expect sky-high ratings.If only...
Fret not folks, a Hollywood stylist will be flown on AF #1 to annoit the scalp of the annoited one at the reasonable cost of about five million. The hair will be blackened and the mysterious scar will disappear..
How can you blame people for not reading the whole article when the best part of Lucianne is reading the comments ???Thank you all !
I think a dirt nap would perk him up....
It´s not age, ladies and gents. It´s FLOUR. If you notice, it is ´whiter´ at times, never the same shade. Plain old flour. Trying to pull one on us. Shame, Zippy.And I´m sure you all know Moo!chelle wears a rug(s). She can´t have much real hair left by now. Just think, we have to keep her in wighats for the rest of her long life. And pay for their occasional cleaning.


text:
TMH is an abbreviation for:
Find a translation for TMH in other languages:
Select another language:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"TMH." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2013. Web. 13 Dec. 2013. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/208440>.
TMH also stands for:
- Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare
- Tamashek
- Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company, Ltd. ( Indian subsidiary of McGraw- Hill)
- The Memory Hole
- Trainable Mentally Handicapped
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Pedal Boats & Canoes
No children under two years old. Children under 12 must wear a life jacket and be accompanied by an adult. Jackets available for all ages. For more information, call 602-254-1520.
Starting at $10 / 30 minutes
Boat hours of operation are separate from those of Enchanted Island. See boat hours of operation below.
If you believe you already have the most current Flash Player you may continue to the calendar.
We will be open on most holidays that fall on sceduled closed days, except for Thanksgiving and Christmas. Operating hours are subject to change without notice.
Hours and days of operation are subject to change or weather conditions.


text:
Mary Queen of Angels Regional Catholic School in Cheektowaga was recently named a recipient of a 2012 Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame Amateur Sports Development Fund (ASDF) grant. The grant will be used to purchase new cheerleading uniforms for the 2012-13 school year.
The Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame Amateur Sports Development Fund has been assisting area groups since 1993 when it originally provided support to the World University Games. A portion of the proceeds from the Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame Annual Induction Dinner held each fall is endowed to the ASDF for disbursement. Funds are awarded to amateur athletes, teams and organizations seeking financial assistance to foster the pursuit of a higher level of athletic achievement.
Mary Queen of Angels is located at 170 Rosewood Terrace and educates approximately 200 children in Pre-K, UPK, Kindergarten and Grades 1-8. For more information, please visit www.mqangels.com. To schedule a tour of the school, please call 895-6280.


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I believe 100 volt at 20 amps is the limit for this drive.
The existing power supply of my 1980 Kasuga cnc milling machine is 100 volt dc. It is servo driven(West amp drive). What would be the recommended Voltage if R990H is used.
Last edited by BOB F; 02-27-2005 at 11:32 AM. Reason: typo
I believe 100 volt at 20 amps is the limit for this drive.
So does this mean there will be no problem with drive faulting due to motor deceleration even if my power supply voltage is 100 vdc. Thanks for the help.
Are you just replacing the drives or both control and drives? As the Westamps are usually analogue +-10vdc , the Rutex are I believe step and direction only.
CNC, Mechatronics Integration and Custom Machine Design (Skype Avail).
Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere.
Albert E.
As far as your Kasuga mill is concerned, you may find that 90 vdc will give you sufficient speed. I would bet on it. Otherwise, you might need to consider the R90H drive.
Tom Eldredge,
Rutex, LLC
(Note: The opinions expressed in this post are my own and are not necessarily those of CNCzone and its management)
Yes, both drives and control will be replaced. Using another tap on the transformer power supply yielded 94 vdc, so I'll go ahead use R990H.
I have now the R90H drives. Decided on the 200 volt/40 amp drives because according to the people who knows running R990H on over 90 vdc have only 10% margin of getting ruined from overvoltage.
Also have the E2 single-ended encoders, ttl or open collector type from USdigital.
I've read somewhere along this Forum that such type of encoder will have problem with noise especially in industrial environment. Is this true?
Bob, yes it is very true. Don't even waste your time wiring up single ended encoders. Do it right the first time and you'll save a lot of frustration.
Thanks I----EPP,
I waited for your confirmation, now I hope USdigital will accept these for return.
Yep I made the mistake of using single ended encoders. Now my Rutex cards have to ride along with the gantry. In some ways it is better because you dont have to run control wires along the power chain. However it is a bit messey having the cards on the ganty.
Rutex has a product that will alow you to use single end encoders with longer lenths of cable.
Being outside the square !!!
If they don't want to take them back just order the PC45 (http://www.usdigital.com/products/pc45/) It plugs directly into the E2 encoder and gives you differential output.
Thank you guys, Without your valuable help I would have gone nuts this time. Rutex drive cards riding on the Gantry is funny and clever. By the way, does the PC45 meant PC4 or PC5 cable driver that convert single ended output to differential output?
Bob F.
Last edited by Bob fran; 03-14-2005 at 03:44 AM. Reason: typo


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On the beach was a man watching the waves, not doing much at the moment. He hoped Ayaka would be here eventually. This man's name was Arin.
Joey walked in the city and found a diner. He entered the building to get something to eat.
Juno was curled up in a tree, sleeping.