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Revisiting Coloring & the Non Chill-Filtered vs. Chill-Filtered Debate
I just read through over 400 posts on the whiskywhiskywhisky forum; I was guided there from a a fellow malt head in the whiskymag forum. Yes over 400 posts - call me a glutton for punishment!
In short, in December 2010 in these forums, there's been a raging debate about labeling. The idea being: if Scotch whisky is only supposed to be made from certain cereals, water and yeast, and aged for a minimum of 3 years in oak barrels not exceeding 600 liters, how and why is it allowed that caramel coloring is sometimes added? Thus, for over 400 posts, the tone is generally to either change the industry's use of coloring agent (don't allow it) or to change labeling requirements to clearly indicate its use. A lesser number of posts point out possible health concerns about the coloring agent, and that it may or may not change a whisky's taste and texture. There was only a couple posts about how and why the practice came to be, though not well covered. Thus, this post may be a starting point for this debate in this forum, and I hope to start the debate with a little more about how and why coloring agents came to be used. We'll see what this forum says about whether its use should be allowed continuation... The standard industry line is that coloring doesn't significantly change a whisky, there are great whiskies that have been colored as well as not, and that it is a necessary to provide a consistent look for a whisky from bottling to bottling. Chill-filtering receives a similar standard line. However, it is easily argued that whether or not significantly changed, the adjective "significantly" ABSOLUTELY indicates some change - otherwise there would be no reason to say anything other than it DOESN'T change a whisky. So, coloring DOES change a whisky's character to some level. Chill-filtering does the same but in reverse. Rather than the addition of something, any filtering removes something. Thus, chill-filtering changes a whisky from its most complete form compared to what it was prior to its removal from cask. Of course, the addition of color and chill-filtering don't render a whisky undrinkable. But it must be recognized they both indeed change a whisky from what it was prior to coloring and/or chill-filtration. Another point here is that not all chill-filtered whisky is colored and not all colored whisky is chill-filtered. The processes are two entirely different acts. Though most whiskies being colored are chill-filtered. Historical Reasons Why: Commercial caramel color was greatly pioneered in 1880 in Chicago by the Sethness Caramel Color Company. What was happening in the whisky industry at the time? 1. Phylloxera was devastating France and France's wine industry. 2. Limited wine production in the Cognac region meant Cognac distillers didn't have enough wine supply to distill to meet Cognac production and consumption demand. 3. The limited supply of Cognac drastically increased the prices of available stocks of Cognac 4. This situation set the stage for Scotch whisky to quench the British's Cognac thirst 5. The market for Scotch whisky was blended whisky brands owned by merchants and large companies. For whiskies to become brands and easily replace Cognac, they needed to have cosmetic consistency - meaning brands need more than just consistent flavors and aromas but also consistency of appearance. In the day, Cognac obtained a darker color more quickly during maturation due to the oxidation process often having affected the wine prior to distillation, and the wine spirit also being affected more quickly than cereal spirit as it matures in barrel. Thus, with the advent of commercial color at around the same time the Brits were switching from Cognac to blended Scotch, it makes perfect sense that coloring blends to appear more like Cognac became desirable by the blenders as they were ******* Scotch as a replacement to Cognac. As filtration was less in those days for these brands, the darker color also managed to mask the "floaties" we only witness today in unfiltered whiskies. So, branding and consistency of visual appearance (cosmetics) are important reasons to continue coloring and filtering today, the same as they became in the late 1800s, as a generally unknowing mass-market would be easily confused if the brand of whisky they buy today is different in appearance from a bottle of the same brand two weeks from now. Not to mention, two of the same brand sitting on the shelf next to one another looking different. God forbid there be a little something suspended in the bottle! Recognize chill-filtering wasn't pioneered until the 1930s, but by this time many of the brands most people still buy were well developed. So, here's a little history of why and where coloring came into fashion, the same with filtration. What do you think? Should coloring be allowed or discontinued? |
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Oleanna (Preview)
The York College Theatre Presents David Mamet's riveting play, Oleanna.
Event details
Nov 19, 2008
from 04:00 PM to 06:00 PM
from 04:00 PM to 06:00 PM
Performing Arts Center - Studio, Room 106
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Contact Phone
All tickets, $5.00. Tickets available at the Box Office
94-45 Guy R Brewer Blvd.
94-45 Guy R Brewer Blvd.
Oleanna is a two-character play about the power struggle between a university professor and one of his female students who accuses him of sexual harassment and, by doing so, spoils his chances of being accorded tenure. The play's title, taken from a folk song, refers to a 19th-century escapist vision of utopia. This show is for mature audiences only.

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so as you know hot water/sweat and heat make this stuff burn like no other. When exfoliating in shower and using warm water the burns even more powerful.
i do not mind this what so ever. however how does it affect an area thats getting tattooed in terms of pain receptors (i know capsaicin plays a role in that). Also when should one stop using it prior to getting ink done.
Also its not just eviscerate any more, i added a bunch of things like clen aromasin and other ingredients (cholin carnitine HCA octopamine fucoxantin)
my tattoo apt is on thursday at 12 30. when should i stop dosing...


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Perrin and Rowe Triple Handle Filtering Bar Faucet with Metal Lever Handles and Triflow Filter
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Bias Bash: Is the media finally waking up on sequestration?
Cal Thomas weighs in on journalistic malpractice.
Feb 25, 2013
Cal Thomas
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Cal Thomas weighs in on journalistic malpractice.
Feb 25, 2013
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Hi everybody I'm Cal Thomas syndicated columnist and Fox News contributor here with our daily -- banished.
Jonathan -- is off today he usually refers to me is being in my bunker is somewhere in the Washington area so early on once again on my -- the question today before -- is is the media are the media finally waking up to the Monte -- the full card Monte game that doesn't medium and playing with -- sequestration.
My answer is yes they -- and it's a -- latest result on news watch a little more than a week ago is after the election.
Bob Woodward had a very good piece in the Washington Post on Sunday.
In which he revealed.
What everybody pretty much already knew -- wasn't wasn't -- and that was that Jack Lew who is now the president's senate nominee for Treasury Secretary.
When he was White House chief -- in fact it was his and the president's idea for this whole sequestration business in the first place so what does the White House reaction then why beating up on Bob Woodward of course a friend supposedly someone who was with the Washington Post which is editorially and otherwise.
-- the president and virtually all of his program much this is.
I think journalistic malpractice frankly the media all of -- information including the effects sofa sequestration and overspending long before the election but it was spoon fed by the White House and basically passed along a little White House has gospel light footprint grows and all of the Media Research Center -- certain reaction in recent days I think this is pretty straightforward.
He said that if that is the media are dumb and their lazy and -- also -- honest.
Well I can improve upon that much.
Today's Washington Post has taken direct invitation from the White House and that's spelled out point by point all of the horrible things that are right happened.
-- sequestration.
Kicks in on Friday and once again it is only a slight.
Luring out of the increase in spending they're not real cuts James Carville was on any other network over the weekend and -- they're going to be six -- lines at American airports.
Food inspectors will not be available -- inspect your food children will starve they won't give vaccines.
Aids vaccines will not be available anymore the apocalypse has arrived.
The media have been very very late in picking up on this and I think that they have.
Avoided an abandoned their primary responsibility to the republic.
Not to take at face value of the media centers.
But to go beyond that and report the truth.
It is to their shame.
They have not will be discussing more of this this coming weekend.
And the media is sound -- -- responsibility in reporting the facts on FOX News Watch 2:30 PM 11:30 AM eastern time.
I hope you'll watch shall be out of my blog -- -- up -- about it.
Thanks for tuning in the -- -- and hope you have a good day.
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Finally! On page 39, I found this thread from poly. It's not the main forum or anything though, just a thread. And a lot of WPC and CFC threads before. And seriously, no one goes to page 39 if they are searching for anything.
The same article I mentioed in the OP said Google is still tweaking the formula, so perhaps some praying is in order Robert.


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You're watching...
WSJ: More U.S. Companies Stashing Cash Overseas
FBN's Diane Macedo breaks down the stories moving the markets ahead of the trading day.
Mar 11, 2013
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Mar 11, 2013
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Imus in the morning.
On the positive.
-- the -- -- to present their plan to balance the budget over the next decade.
Tomorrow congressman Paul Ryan -- also the House Budget Committee chairman we'll present that budget proposal for next year and beyond the latest plan.
We'll call for deeper cuts than the one Ryan released last year.
Which balance the budget after 2.5 years speaking on FOX News Sunday Ryan said a balanced budget will aid the economy.
The reason we -- a balanced budget is not make the numbers simply add up.
It leads to a healthy growing economy that creates jobs it's a means to an end and the means is to get to eight.
Good growing economy create jobs opportunity.
I'm glad the Senate's doing a budget it's the first time in four years our concern is that they may never even proposed ever balance the budget and we think that's -- responsible.
Speaking of the senate this week lawmakers there we'll take up the democratic version of -- continuing resolution to fund the government through the end of September.
Checking the markets now here in the US after record wheat futures are down across the board Dow futures are down eight the S and -- down about two and -- nasdaq's down.
Almost five points in Europe Fitch downgraded Italy from a minus to triple B plus -- there are mixed we've got London up almost fifteen points.
Paris is down almost fifteen in Frankfurt down almost wanna.
Meanwhile some US companies are reportedly stashing more of their money offshore and away.
From US taxes.
According to analysis by the wall street journal of sixty big US companies the -- stashed a total of 166.
Billion dollars overseas last year.
That move protected more than 40% of their annual profits from the IRS the journal analyzes sixty companies because each of them had held.
At least five billion dollars offshore -- 111 within that group.
The journal found ten parked more earnings offshore last year than they generated for their bottom lines.
Untaxed for an earnings have become a big part of the debate.
Over US fiscal policy and tax code the joint committee on taxation estimates changing laws to fully tax overseas earnings.
We generate an additional 42 billion dollars for the treasury this year alone.
And customers looking to get their hands on the new Blackberry -- Smartphone may not have a much longer to wait Adam Shapiro has more on that from our newsroom hi Adam.
-- and I'll give -- -- Blackberry for a couple -- particular got so much it's great you know the -- like very -- Smartphones could possibly hit store shelves by the end of this week T-Mobile listening to customers can begin ordering the device today it could be delivered by the end of the week -- he's gonna.
Jump in all this on March 22 research in motions and sell in the -- very -- in Canada already.
Now they're -- -- be available in the United States the question though is they've seen their market share go from double digits down to what was it last fall some point 9% of the Smart.
Phone market and falling and then on Friday.
Blackberry shares ram Research in Motion.
Close down 1%.
So -- this device turns things around is another question.
They will March Madness is also almost -- -- we expect.
I can inspect a lot of Laker now on we're gonna get the brackets on Sunday and then Tuesday week from tomorrow we're gonna start -- But here's the the other as a recent study that -- there's big money for the NCA -- -- TV networks in this.
Of the last ten years advertising revenue from the -- -- five point nine billion dollars.
One billion for the -- just last year the championship game.
A 32 spot one point five million bucks that same 32 spot on the NBA championship game.
To bargain 460000.
Dollars that's an hour salary for you right -- Only 460 although it is okay collaborate and that -- -- that money I -- that that you hear from the newsroom thank them to you.
And breaking news Boston properties is announcing a succession plan.
The real estate investment trust says Owen Thomas will succeed Mort Zuckerman is Chief Executive Officer.
And join the board of directors effective April 2.
This government will remain as executive chairman and return to his original role in company activities.
Retail sales -- -- reports on inflation will be front and center on this week's economic calendar.
The retail sales report for February comes our way on Wednesday and expected to reflect.
The two percentage point payroll tax hike that -- effect on January 1 Thursday we'll get initial jobless claims and producer prices for February.
A look at inflation on the wholesale level and then Friday will wrap up with a look at consumer prices as well as the mood of Americans.
With the University of Michigan consumer sentiment survey in the meantime let's take a look at commodities oil and gold have been searching for direction this morning similar markets actually got oil down -- seven cents trading around 92 dollars a barrel gold is up.
Almost two dollars and 1578.
Coming up this hour and other performance and musician Todd Snyder and now -- -- -- them live on Fox Business giving you the power to prosper.
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Foxcroft Wing-Collar Non-Iron Shirt
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This week's question:
Friday, May 4, 2012
Follow Friday (32)
This week's question:
20 comments:
- Sarah@Catching Books said...
Great post this week!! I seriously need to read Sarah Dessen's books..I hear they are amazing!!
- May 3, 2012 at 7:35 PM
- Jac said...
Great Answer! Sarah Dessen is awesome, and should definitely be told so!!
I struggled with this weeks question - I guess I don't have a "Favorite"
Stop by and see my TGIF / Follow Friday! (It includes a giveaway!) - May 3, 2012 at 7:36 PM
- Catie @ Movies in my Head said...
I have not read any of her books, I know, it's crazy! I need to though.
Following you now!
My FF - May 3, 2012 at 8:42 PM
- Sharon ObsessionwithBooks said...
Hi & Happy Friday!
I haven't read anything by Sarah Dessen as yet, hopefully someday soon.
My FF, http://obsessionwithbooks.blogspot.com.au/2012/05/feature-and-follow-friday-4th-may.html
Have a nice weekend, Sharon - May 3, 2012 at 8:57 PM
- Alison Can Read said...
Hopping through. Dessen definitely rocks! I love her books.
My Hop - May 3, 2012 at 9:21 PM
- Abria Mattina said...
I've heard good things about her books.
New GFC follower. My FF. - May 3, 2012 at 9:26 PM
- Ella said...
I have one or two books from her in my TBR pile and the plots from the books sound really interesting!
Old follower :)
Drop by my FF? - May 3, 2012 at 9:30 PM
- The Teen Book Guru said...
OMG I LOVE Sarah Dessen too!! I forgot all about her when I was writing up my post.... damn. :( I'm a new follower. Feel free to check out my blog and follow too!
My FF Post
-Riya (The Teen Book Guru) - May 4, 2012 at 1:47 AM
- zapkode.marie said...
{if i'm commenting i'm a follower}
I haven't read any of these books, but I can't wait to they sound really nice. Thank you for sharing.
{http://www.justonemorechapter.net} - May 4, 2012 at 2:35 AM
- Lynsey Taylor said...
Great Answer! And nice and short too. I've read do many long posts today!
I am a new follower and would love you to visit me in return.
My FF - May 4, 2012 at 3:42 AM
- Liza (Reading with ABC) said...
Sarah is one of my favorite authors as well. I love The Truth about Forever, but I've read all of her books :)
Old follower, here for the hop.
Liza's Feature Friday - May 4, 2012 at 6:07 AM
- Escapism Fanatic said...
I have never heard of this author before, but it sounds like she is a good one.
My FF
New follower. - May 4, 2012 at 7:43 AM
- Tribute Books Mama said...
Never read this author, must look into.
http://tributebooksmama.blogspot.com/2012/05/feature-follow.html - May 4, 2012 at 8:40 AM
- Ning said...
I haven't read any books by her, probably because I don't read contemporary. Happy Friday!
My FF
Ning @ Reading by Kindle Fire - May 4, 2012 at 9:19 AM
- fakesteph said...
So glad to find a fellow contemp lover! I've been meaning to read Sarah Dessen for a while.
- May 4, 2012 at 11:16 AM
- Mel - Thedailyprophecy. said...
It's so nice that authors can help us discover new things! That they can give certain lessons :)
http://thedailyprophecy.blogspot.com/2012/05/feature-follow-4.html - May 4, 2012 at 1:08 PM
- Patricia said...
The author that made me want to read more Contemporary YA was Stephanie Perkins, and I can't believe I haven't read a Dessen novel yet. Arggh!
Patricia // My Hop - May 4, 2012 at 1:31 PM
- Books And Beyond said...
I need to read Sarah's books! There are so many wonderful YA authors I have yet to read yet.
new follower have a gr8 weekend <3
My Follow Friday - May 4, 2012 at 3:26 PM
- Tarah Dunn said...
I love Sarah Dessen! Her Twitter is pretty amusing too. New follower. Here's my FF.
- May 4, 2012 at 6:03 PM
- Vickieann said...
Hello, I followed you please visit my new blog and follow me back. http://tbr-io.blogspot.com/
- May 6, 2012 at 9:48 AM


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recipe reviews for:
"A non-alcoholic punch combining apple, cranberry and orange juices with ginger ale."
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Holiday cookies, cakes, pies, and breads. Get recipes and inspiration.
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Find just the right recipes for your holiday get-togethers.
Cast a deliciously dark pall over your Halloween punch bowl.
See how to make a bright, tangy refresher for summer or the holidays.
See how to make a fizzy, refreshing, alcohol-free punch.


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Celebrity kids are so lucky. Not only do they have A-listers for parents, they often have fellow A-listers for godparents. Recently, Elton John and partner David Furnish said that they were asking Lady Gaga to be the godmother to their son, meaning that kid is going to have one hell of an enviable wardrobe someday. But what other celeb kids have super-famous and connected godparents?
10 Celebrity Kids with Celebrity Godparents
- 3 years ago by Lilit Marcus
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Who Will Be Harlow Madden's Godmother? | |
Travic McCoy is Godfather to Bronx Mowgli Wentz | |
Questionable Choices: Celebrities Naming Their Kids After Places |
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Make A Personal Loan To Meet The Demands Of Your Expenses
With the continued rise in price of the various kinds of products, a lot of individuals are having difficulty in making the most out of what they earn. Indeed there are some points in our lives that additional money is needed if whether getting medical expenses paid or having a vacation is talked about. Being unable to meet such kind of demands in money may be distressful for many people. Many individuals will instead, put off the decision made in purchasing something that is expensive, postpone the holidays or delay the needed repairs in their house. For the members of the family, indeed such kind of matter can be burdensome. But, a lot of different choices are actually present in the form of a personal loan which may actually prove to be really useful for many individuals.
Considered to be a really good way in overcoming difficulties in financial matters is getting a personal loan. In comparison with those loans made for cars or educational purposes, a personal loan is said to be used in a variety of purposes. In a personal loan, the specific amount of money that is acquired can be utilized in various different purposes and on payments. What are needed to be taken into account by the lending companies when providing such personal loan are the amount of income, track records in repayment and statement from banks which are considered to be few of the main aspects. In spite of the fact that in getting such personal loan the whole process involved is relatively easy and is free of hassle, enabling this to become a challenge for individuals are the various complex matters included. A lot of different aspects have to be taken into consideration when getting a personal loan regardless if we deal with rates of the interests or some other matters.
With the world at these times, increasing number of individuals are making use of the world wide web to obtain guidance and information on things. A lot of trusted sites have been available and have made this simpler for individuals to acquire details about getting a personal loan, at the most recent times. Regardless if we deal with getting a personal loan in various different countries or places, the details given by such sites are so many with regard to selecting the appropriate kind of loan to make and have a well informed decision on financial matters.Such sites can assist you in making such option of getting the appropriate kind of loan to be easier for you through this particular personal loan calculator and other tools that are useful.
Such sites can assist the clients to easily compare the various personal loans that are provided by different lending companies by which this is considered to be the greatest advantage in getting the services provided by these sites. Such will enable the clients to have an easier experience in finding the most appropriate personal loan that is suitable for their needs.
Discovering The Truth About Money
If You Read One Article About Money, Read This One


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'Bonfire nights will be safe despite firefighters' strike' (From Witney Gazette)
Get involved: send your photos, videos, news & views by texting 'OXFORD NEWS' to 80360 or email
'Bonfire nights will be safe despite firefighters' strike'
10:00am Wednesday 30th October 2013 in News By Freddie Whittaker, covering Politics and Kidlington. Call me on 01865 425498
FIREFIGHTERS will strike in the coming days as fireworks celebrations take place in the county.
All of the FBU's 400 members in Oxfordshire who are on duty are expected to walk out between 6.30pm and 11pm on Friday and between 6am and 8am on Monday.
The strike by the Fire Brigades Union (FBU) has been called over concerns about changes to conditions which could see firefighters work until they are 60 and force them out of work if they fail a fitness test.
Fire chiefs are urging people to go ahead with fireworks events on Friday night – and say events over the weekend should also still take place.
Chief fire officer Dave Etheridge said: "Our approach towards those who are having bonfire celebrations is that these events are always very well-organised in Oxfordshire.
"They always have marshals and competent people in charge and we see no reason why these celebrations shouldn't go ahead.
"The vast majority will be on Saturday night, but we are aware of some taking place on Friday, and we would certainly be able to provide a response to these locations should there be a need for us to do so."
He said: "What I can say with absolute confidence is that Oxfordshire Fire and Rescue Service will be able to respond to every single emergency call during this action.
"The clear message is during the strike period people should make sure they have a working smoke alarm, make sure they test it, have a fire plan and know how to leave their home.
"We would also urge people on the roads to drive a slower to give themselves a bit more thinking time."
Oxford's annual fireworks display in South Park will go ahead on Saturday, but its organiser Jason Priest joined Mr Etheridge in encouraging those events planned for Friday to still take place.
Fireworks going ahead on Friday include the 22nd Oxford Sea Scouts display in Meadow Lane, Oxford, and an RAF Brize Norton event.


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The Tap Pre-Show: See Chris Smither perform in our studio
Over the past year, we've been ramping up our Sound Check series, bringing in some of Milwaukee's best and brightest bands and musicians to perform for our cameras. »Read Full Blog Post
On Tap Today: Big Snow Show and farewell party for the Onion, A.V. Club Milwaukee
Today, the Big Snow Show will blizzard through Milwaukee's music scene at the Rave. The year-end concert is presented by WLUM-FM (102.1) and features eight alternative rock bands. The buzz is so big, it expanded to two nights.
If you still read print newspapers, even satirical ones, pick up a copy of the Onion. Today is its final publication. Mad Planet is hosting a farewell party for the Onion and A.V. Club Milwaukee, which also is coming to an end. The party is free and will feature local DJs. »Read Full Article
Big name bands expand Big Snow Show to two nights at the Rave
If Big Snow Show could be considered big before, this year, it's huge.
Alternative rock station WLUM-FM (102.1)'s annual year-end concert at the Rave has brought in a fair number of big names and buzz bands in the past, from Death Cab for Cutie to Cage the Elephant to 30 Seconds to Mars. »Read Full Article
Singles Scorecard: Hear new songs from Justin Bieber, August Alsina and Wild Cub
Justin Bieber, pictured here performing at the BMO Harris Bradley Center last year, has wrapped up his Music Mondays weekly single release series with the 10th song, "Confident," featuring Chance the Rapper. Journal Sentinel photo by Mike de Sisti. »Read Full Blog Post
'12 Years a Slave' tops SAG Awards with 4 noms
LOS ANGELES (AP) Steve McQueen's historic saga "12 Years a Slave" topped the nominations list for the 20th annual Screen Actors Guild Awards Wednesday, cementing it as a solid Academy Awards prospect with four nominations.
John Wells' dysfunctional family adaptation "August: Osage County," which hits theaters Dec. 25 and features an all-star cast including Meryl Streep and Julia Roberts, also picked up awards-season momentum with three nominations, including outstanding performance for the cast. »Read Full Article
Weinsteins sue Warner Bros. over 'Hobbit' profits
NEW YORK (AP) Harvey and Bob Weinstein sued Warner Bros.' New Line Cinema on Wednesday, claiming they're owned a share of the profits from the second and third "Hobbit" films.
In the lawsuit filed in New York, the Weinsteins said their 1998 sale of the rights to J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy to New Line applies to all "Hobbit" sequels. Warner Bros. elected to split "The Hobbit" into three films, the second of which, "The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug," opens in theaters Friday. »Read Full Article
Reading the John Updike stories: 'A Trillion Feet of Gas'
I'm reading and commenting on a story from The Library of America's recently published 'John Updike: The Collected Stories' each Wednesday until I finish the collection or give up.
In a story called "A Trillion Feet of Gas," John Updike couldn't resist a fart joke in the opening sentence: "Old Man Fraelich, as soon as they entered his room, rose in his pearl-pale suit and intoned flatuently, 'John, let's you and I go downstairs.' " »Read Full Blog Post
Kate Winslet gives birth to a son, her 3rd child
LONDON (AP) A spokeswoman for Kate Winslet says the actress has given birth to a son and is "doing great."
Publicist Laura Symons says Winslet had a boy, her third child, on Saturday at a hospital in southern England. She says mother and baby are both doing well. »Read Full Article


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Glen Ellyn police to host car wash for Special Olympics Illinois
GLEN ELLYN – The Glen Ellyn Police Department and Leslie Car Wash will hold the third annual Car Wash to Benefit Special Olympics Illinois on July 13.
The event will take place from 8 a.m. until 3 p.m. at Leslie Car Wash, 375 Roosevelt Road, Glen Ellyn. A rain date of Aug. 17 has been set in case of severe weather.
Donations will directly benefit the more than 21,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities who participate in Special Olympics Illinois.
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Beat the Rohnert Park party ordinance
Rohnert Park City Council is preparing to pass a party ordinance aimed at SSU college students. SSU students are promising to boycott all Rohnert Park businesses if the ordinance becomes law.
Dom Bei
Recent signatures
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Hi guys as above what is the best combo of wheels/tyres for durability? they need to be separate so i can belt them as most of my un belted tyres have ripped right off!
recommendations please, thanks
for ashing... i would say any truggy parts that are cheap and easy to get hold of and that is pretty strong.
i have a caster k8t the parts i get from BMM and they are dirt cheap to what the AE and Losi parts are.
so that would be my sugestion if you are bashing
raceing... then i would say have a look at what is mostly raced at your club so if it goes tits up and you do not have any spares then you can borrow from a fellow member.
for pure bashing... and long life... go get some xtm grinders and fit them to hobao rims with the channle in them as wont rip off and are great on grass
hong nor sabre x3,speed power, bullit power.dx3r smd.
herts nitro models for all you need and lots you dont but still good to look at them.
nemo racing.
for pure bashing proline badlands tyres
rims, honestly bowens are thick as **** as should last longer than the badlands, and they will last an age.
grinders are good, but i don't think they'll last long if you ever run on a carpark or dirt given their lifespan on dry astro aint all that.
my 2p
Thanks guys, Escobar can you link me to those rims? I can't find them online
Last edited by Jack R8; 11-06-2012 at 04:24 PM.
You can find the thread about Bowen Rims HERE
Most of the truggy guys I know use HPI Shredders on astro (for bashing) and keep their grinders for race days.
Was at my local track the other evening and a brushless truggy guy who had been wheelying all the way down the straight eventually stripped a 17mm drive hex in one of the wheels so I would take people's advice on here regarding wheel choice (I don't know what type they were, sorry).


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Showing 7 of 18 reviews for this vehicle
2013 Hyundai Elantra Coupe Road Test and Review
Back in 2011, Hyundai introduced a redesigned Elantra Sedan that set new design, comfort, and technology standards for the compact car class. Now, the 2013 Hyundai Elantra...
2013 Hyundai Elantra Coupe: Video Road Test & Review
The Hyundai Elantra Coupe offers compact buyers a chance to sample a sportier and more stylish version of the popular Elantra sedan. The Hyundai Elantra Coupe can...
First Look: 2013 Hyundai Elantra Coupe
For 2013, Hyundai adds two new body styles to the Elantra lineup. In addition to the previously acclaimed Elantra sedan, car shoppers now have to opportunity to opt for a sportier...
2013 Hyundai Elantra Gains More Standard Equipment
At first glance, Hyundai almost seems guilty of piling on with the 2013 Hyundai Elantra sedan: The automaker's redesigned compact...
Compare: 2012 Honda Civic vs. 2012 Hyundai Elantra
The 2012 Honda Civic and 2012 Hyundai Elantra are standouts in the very competitive compact vehicle market. Both models deliver a pretty solid all-around package, with...
2012 Hyundai Elantra: Video Road Test and Review
The Hyundai Elantra is a four door five passenger midsize economy car that packages an assortment of creature comforts in a stylish body shell that is available at an...
Coming Soon: 2011 Hyundai Elantra
A complete redesign of the Hyundai Elantra has many car shoppers waiting in anticipation for the vehicle's 2011 release. With the official unveiling of the vehicle only days away (at the Los...


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I drink beer everyday. In europe they drink wine and beer, all day. How else can I watch all the bullshit of the world without a straight face. One doctor posted if you drink more than 2 drinks a month you have a problem. Bottoms up.....
http://www.chacha.com/topic/alcohol/quiz...id=CD10412 Take the test and find out. Occasional Drinker You drink when it is appropriate. You know how to have a good time but are careful not to overdo it. Hats off to you and your responsible drinking habits.
LOP needs an intervention but nobody is sober to do the intervention
I tried to take the test but since I don't drink at all, there were too many questions they didn't answers too, so I guess I'm not a drunk
smoke me plenty of green , each night before bed
not one drop in 12 years but smoke me plenty of green , each night before bed


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The Arthritic's Cookbook - Collin H. Dong & Jane Banks
Thirty years ago, I was diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the spine that affected my whole body. I was told it would get worse as I got older. Desperate, I went searching for alternative answers. As I struggled around the shops one day, Dr Dong's Arthritic's Cookbook caught my eye. Three years later, I was free of arthritic pain, stiffness and prescribed medication.
Understanding Flying Weather - Derek Piggott
My husband introduced me to gliding. I was terrified! Later, more adventurous, I qualified as a glider pilot. After reading this book - mostly looking at the pictures - I ''got it!'' about weather and how you can read the signs in the sky. For a glider pilot, understanding where the rising hot air is under clouds can be the difference between staying airborne or having to land.
The Tale of Mrs Tiggy-Winkle - Beatrix Potter
Sunny-natured Mrs Tiggy-Winkle inspires me. Because of her I have sketched, painted, designed soft toys and dolls clothes, and written children's stories. As a child, I discovered her song and later sung it to my children. ''Lily white and clean, oh! with little frills between, oh! smooth and hot - red rusty spot never here be seen, oh!'' She is the inspiration I need when the going gets tough.
The Thorn Birds - Colleen McCullough
Having read the book, seen the movie and loved both, I decided I was going to write contemporary family sagas set in the Australian outback - a bit of a cheek, considering I was born and raised in England. But I had married an Australian whose parents were born and brought up in Yass, Lightning Ridge and Walgett. So I had real-life stories and eventually my own experiences.
Emotional Freedom - Judith Orloff
Why do some people exhaust me or make my head spin, while I have only to chat briefly to others to feel energised? Now I understand. Combining neuroscience, psychology and spirituality, this empowering guide, particularly the section discussing ''emotional types'' and ''emotional vampires'', has transformed how I deal with emotions, my own and others. As an author, it helps me create more believable characters.
Anne McCullagh Rennie is a Sydney author, champion glider pilot and a former concert manager with London's Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. The latest of her six novels is Under Southern Skies (Michael Joseph, $29.95).


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Results 1 - 20 of 69 matches
Top RatedFender DG-60 Acoustic Guitar
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Top RatedDaisy Rock Wildwood Short Scale Acoustic Guitar
The Daisy Rock Wildwood Short Scale Acoustic guitar is designed specifically for girls and makes an excellent...
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Top RatedYamaha F335 Acoustic Guitar
This Yamaha acoustic sounds great, plays well, and is easy on the budget. Features a glossy finish and gold...
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Top SellerSquier Stratocaster Left-Handed Electric Guitar
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Top RatedEpiphone Les Paul 100 Electric Guitar
An affordable, genuine Les Paul. The mahogany body with maple top delivers classic solid, heavy tone, while...
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Top Rated
Top RatedEpiphone PR-150 Acoustic Guitar
For such an easy-to-afford guitar, the Epiphone PR-150 is a standout -- a perfect instrument to get started...
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Top RatedEpiphone AJ-220S Acoustic Guitar
Sitka spruce top and luxurious appointments in an Epiphone guitar offered at a steal.
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Free GiftFender CD-60 Dreadnought Acoustic Guitar
The spruce top and mahogany body tonewood combination creates big, warm sound for a small price.
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Top RatedYamaha FG700S Folk Acoustic Guitar
An incredibly affordable solid-top. A great entry-level guitar with deluxe features.

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Top RatedYamaha GigMaker Acoustic Guitar Pack
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Top RatedDean Z-X Electric Guitar
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In Brief
Seeing Faces
- Most of us can identify a familiar face in a mere fraction of a second, even though all faces are made up of similar features in roughly the same configuration. We are also adept at reading facial expressions to intuit a person's mood and at extracting information about an individual's sex, age and direction of gaze.
- Neuroscientists have long debated the biological basis for human face perception. Because this skill is so critical to communication, many researchers believe that specialized neural hardware has evolved to detect faces—and indeed, face-specific neurons have been found in both human and monkey brains.
- Many psychologists propose that a unique type of visual processing occurs in the "face place" in the brain. Others believe that face-detecting neurons process faces in the same way other brain neurons distinguish objects and that face cells are more discriminating because of people's greater experience with faces.
Dashing for a train in a busy station at rush hour, I picked out a face in the crowd—the familiar configuration of features, the laugh lines and the mole above the right eye. I immediately knew the distinctive visage belonged to my former classmate, Robert.
Most of us are highly skilled at recognizing faces, even though they all have similar features arranged in roughly the same configuration: two eyes separated by a standard-issue nose, along with a mouth, chin and cheeks. We are similarly adept at reading facial expressions to intuit a person's mood and at extracting information about an individual's sex, age and direction of gaze. We do this reading within a fraction of a second, an ability that is critically important for normal social interactions.
This article was originally published with the title A Face in the Crowd.


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The systematic approach to energy efficient indoor climate
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It takes thorough knowledge of the individual products impact on each other and the ultimate combined effect to reach perfection. Fläkt Woods develop and produce components as well as design systems. That's why we can combine the parts into high-performing solutions.
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1616 South 1100 East Salt Lake City UT 84105 - 801-596-2322
About Us | Contact Us | Delivery Policy | In the Press | Wedding Gallery
You may also like:
Flowers will be arranged approximately as shown on our website.
Deluxe orders contain more flowers in the style and color of the original arrangement.
Premium orders contain more blooms and are designed with even higher-quality flower varieties.
Are they your everything, and the only one you think of? Show your love and devotion with this stunning, luxurious array of deep purple orchids. They won't believe their luck.
A dozen stems of sumptuous purple dendrobium orchids are perfectly accented with birch twigs in an impressive, tall vase.
Approximately 22" W x 24" H
Same day delivery is available in most areas for orders placed Monday through Friday. Saturday and Sunday deliveries are available in some areas. Please note that due to seasonal and local availability, substitutions may occur. We will do our utmost to ensure that your gift maintains the look and feel of the arrangement pictured.
Please check our "Delivery Policy" page for detailed information on delivery areas and cut-off times.
All images on this website are copyrighted material. All rights are reserved. Copyrighted images herein are used with permission by Twigs Flower Company. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners.


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By Month December 2013
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Recent Posts |
Aquatic Therapy: Help for What Ails You
Thu, 03/15/2012 - 11:05am | James McKeown, ...
At Good Shepherd's Health & Technology Center in Allentown, aquatic therapy is performed in a pool heated to 92 – 94 degrees Fahrenheit, which is the optimal temperature according to current research. As an aquatic physical therapist, I work with many people who are unable to tolerate physical therapy in a regular therapy gym. I see people overcome many painful conditions while experiencing the fun of the pool environment. It's very gratifying to see them get their strength back and ability to function outside the pool. The most common conditions that respond well to aquatic physical therapy are:
Several properties of water make it great for treating these conditions, including:
The aspect of aquatic therapy at Good Shepherd that sets it apart from other facilities is the abundance of equipment available in the pool, including parallel bars for those who need assistance walking, a lift for those who need help getting in and out of the pool and treadmills and exercise bikes in the water. There are also opportunities to continue aquatic exercise in our therapy pool after completing therapy since we offer fitness programs as well. If you have one of the conditions described above and can benefit from aquatic therapy, please see your doctor for a referral and come join us. |


text: On arrival it was late, around midnight but we were met by the very friendly owner who showed us to our rooms and asked us to return to reception for our complimentary drink. That was an indication of the care and service we were to receive. Breakfast was continental buffet with a Turkish twist of copious wonderful yoghurt, local honey... More


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Westborough Trivia Bee creates a 'buzz' for education
Westborough - Thirty-six teams competed in this year's fifth annual Westborough Education Foundation Trivia Bee held Monday, Nov. 5 at the Doubletree Hotel. The fundraising event drew a packed crowd of hundreds for an evening of silent auction, raffles, music, food and trivia. This year's trophy went home to the Westborough Little League & Softball team. (Photo/Yi-Ke Peng)
Short URL: http://www.communityadvocate.com/?p=28285


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You're watching...
Google listening to your phone calls?
A look at company's new tech patent
Apr 21, 2012
Col. Cedric Leighton
You're watching...
A look at company's new tech patent
Apr 21, 2012
Col. Cedric Leighton
Also in this playlist...
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Auto-advanceThis transcript is automatically generated
Google was just granted a patent that would that allow them to analyze background noises during phone calls.
They say to target ads on that information.
-- -- -- cyber security consultant joins us this evening thank you -- for being with us again.
And -- all right now Google gets its new patented something about advertising based on environmental conditions what does it do.
But basically what it's designed to do is -- supposed to give who -- it a way of listening in on your phone conversations.
But telling not necessarily listen to this speech that you're you.
Using his -- talking to your friends.
But what it does do is it allows them to pick up the environmental noises that are going on around you so for example let's say you walking down the street and -- they happen to hear.
-- nearly a particular.
Noise from a store something like that they can pick up that -- Rain authorities have bell old.
Anything like that and they can use that ambient noise to Cindy directed advertisement to you so what's -- you're sitting on the beach.
You swimwear guess what they'll they'll see just when we're advertisement.
Are now in order to hear the background noise behind you so that they can target -- Doesn't mean they're listening to your conversation.
They have to be.
There is no way that what they can do is they can use technology to strip out the voice and then just go into the background -- they can do that but it's very hard to do that in real time.
So if they did it under normal ways abnormal conditions.
It would take them a long time to actually send you that message up up.
-- that they -- doesn't require them to do I gotta tell you kernel with all due respect.
I mean isn't that a violation of the federal wiretapping statute.
Well it would have to be a certain certainly something that borders that judge because what happens there is they are listening in exactly in the way that the wiretapping statute was intended to stop people from listening in.
They they are doing something that is really.
All of the freedoms that we're looking for.
And it is very very difficult.
For Google to say that they are not listening in what you're saying because they have to do that in order to pick of the ambient noise of the conversation in the back and you congress.
Of course an NSA global cyber expert and a former intelligence officer.
Does this -- very much because what we're looking at here is what kind of training does Google have.
You know what kind of training -- -- giving their employees when I was in the military and working these kinds of issues we got extensive training that told us.
These are things you can do these -- the things you can -- this is how you need to get -- and this is when you need to get a warrant and these are the kinds of things that we have protection her.
Think -- warrant they -- just listening -- -- Well and that support the problem because people are buying these phones without really understanding what they're giving up.
All right let's listen to what Google has to say.
They respond by saying we filed patent applications -- a variety of ideas that our employees come up where it.
Some of those ideas later mature into real products -- services -- don't.
Perspective product announcement should necessarily be inferred from our patent applications.
That were granted are now.
What -- Google gets the pat.
And at the end of the day I'm an undercover cop on the battered woman in a shelter for battered women and witness protection.
-- want anyone to know where I am or listening to my conversation.
Because maybe -- that your train maybe if -- I've seen some movies all the I apps windows hadn't ruled it.
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- But what actually happens is that they still -- -- no matter what they do.
-- -- real fans colonel.
Pat allows them to analyze background of photos you take on your videos and and and your phone what are the implications.
All kinds implications it until we live they can tell where you've been -- -- -- possibly we're going.
All the kinds of classic things that people do an espionage thrillers they can really create problems for people in -- battered woman's shelter and witness protection.
Undercover people that are working for the US government all kinds of possibilities and it's a real problem for -- -- liberties in general.
Well -- kernel it's always good to have -- and I gotta tell you it seems like Google is taking us into the abyss.
Thanks for being let us.
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News Fund set up for police officer, his family after fire destroys their Kansas City home The fire was discovered about 2:30 a.m. Thursday at the house near East 106th Terrace and College Avenue. The family of a Kansas City police officer, who reportedly lived there, escaped safely.
News Flamingo that escaped from Kansas zoo in 2005 is spotted gallivanting in Texas In the wild, wild world of flamingos, one expatriate Kansan a 2005 escapee from the Sedgwick County Zoo has now become somewhat of a gadabout. Last week, Massachusetts birder Neal Hayward spotted the bird known as No. 492, the number on the birds leg band basking in the ocean spray off the Texas coast with a friend.
Red Zone Chiefs' Albert, McCluster miss start of practice Chiefs offensive tackle Branden Albert, who has a hyperextended knee, did not practice on Thursday, meaning he'll likely miss Sunday's game at Oakland. Also, wide receiver/kick returner Dexter McCluster did not practice because of an ankle injury.
Red Zone Chiefs' Jamaal Charles remains among top vote-getters for Pro Bowl With two weeks remaining in the balloting, Chiefs running back Jamaal Charles continues to rank among the top five vote-getters for the 2014 Pro Bowl, and outside linebacker Tamba Hali, offensive tackle Branden Albert, and punter Dustin Colquitt are the top vote-getters at their positions.
Business New leader of Black & Veatch sets lofty goals Steve Edwards, recently appointed chairman, president and CEO of Overland Park-based engineering firm, wants to double total revenues to $7 billion and expand its global workforce to 17,000 employees by 2020.
Business Major overhaul proposed for Kansas City development agency Reform plan calls for reducing size of board at Economic Development Corp. of Kansas City and streamlining process to make it more effective and predictable
FYI / Living Share a pic of your Santa Baby (two or four legs!) Every baby is adorable, but the cuteness quotient only increases when that baby dons a Santa hat. Share Santa Baby pictures of the babies in your life two legs or four legs at Mingle.KansasCity.com.
The 5-Buck Lunch Sandbar Subs in Lawrence perfects the chili dog, an iconic guilty pleasure Unlike the old adage about sex when its bad, its still pretty good a bad chili dog is just plain bad. But a good chili dog is an iconic American food that deserves a place alongside pizza, fried chicken and barbecued ribs. Such a creation is the Killer Chili Dog at Sandbar Subs in Lawrence.
Television Struggling KC bar RGs Lounge gets TVs Bar Rescue visit A bar near the Truman Sports Complex has gotten a reality TV makeover, thanks to Spike TVs Bar Rescue show. The series stars renowned bar and nightlife expert Jon Taffer, who with his crew swoops into a struggling bar, fixes its problems and gives it a new name and concept.
Entertainment '12 Years' and 'Hustle' top a varied Globes field Heaping seven nominations on both the con-artist melodrama "American Hustle" and the grimly historical "12 Years a Slave," the Golden Globes nominations set up a showdown of contrasts: comedy and drama, light and dark, white and black.
Steve Paul Angell in the Hall: A real home run Yes, he's the greatest of baseball writers. Here are a few recommendations for reading the best of his work.
Yael T. Abouhalkah Calm down about the downtown Jimmy Johns drive-through If the Jimmy Johns restaurant and drive-through, planned for the in the 900 block of Broadway, becomes reality or doesnt life will go on. With all of downtowns challenges, fighting a drive-through should be low on the priority list.


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The Lavender Letter
Located within Bridal Elegance in Dix Hills, the Lavender Letter offers custom designed and printed invitations, announcements, programs and stationary. The store also carries a variety of party favors and personalized gifts.
1870 East Jericho Turnpike, Dix Hills, NY 11746
(631) 681-2716
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Results 1 to 5 of 80
Thread: Name 10 Babies!
July 30th, 2013 12:11 PM #1
Name 10 Babies!
You work as a baby namer, and parents come to you to come up with the perfect name for their little bundles of joy. Name these babies according to what their parents would like:
Baby 1: Girl; First name must start with an "A" and end with an "A," the middle name should relate to nature
Baby 2: Girl; First name must have a hyphen, the middle name can only be 3 letters long
Baby 3: Boy; First name has to be a funky, uncommon spelling of a common name, the middle name starts with "P"
Baby 4: Girl; First name starts with V, the middle name is a variant of the first name
Baby 5: Boy; First name has more than 7 letters, the middle name is a unisex name typically used on girls
Baby 6: Boy; First name ends in "Y," 2 middle names; first middle name starts with "N," second middle name ends in "I"
Baby 7: Girl; First name must honor her father "Joseph," middle name honors her grandfather "David"
Baby 8: Girl; First name relates to winter, middle name relates to flowers
Baby 9: Boy; First name is traditionally a nickname, middle name honors his mother "Christina"
Baby 10: Boy; First name is a Hollywood actor's name, middle name starts and ends with the same letterWhat's in a Name? That Which We Call a Rose by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet.
-William Shakespeare-
|| Delila || Ejla || Luna || Sumaja ||
|| Aslan || Benjamin || Bilal || Rami ||
July 30th, 2013 12:15 PM #3What's in a Name? That Which We Call a Rose by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet.
-William Shakespeare-
|| Delila || Ejla || Luna || Sumaja ||
|| Aslan || Benjamin || Bilal || Rami ||
July 30th, 2013 03:38 PM #5Senior Member
- Join Date
- Apr 2011
- Posts
- 116
Caroline - 18 - fascinated by names
Isabel Charlotte ~ Briella Daisy ~ Aria Josephine ~ Livia Sloane ~ Selena Bryn
Henry Jonah ~ Ivan Gilbert ~ Theodore James ~ Maxwell Griffin ~ Noel Declan
View my full name list
July 30th, 2013 03:43 PM #7Danielle Grace -engaged to my best friend!
My lil dude Bailey (5), My lil lady Liberty (3) & Step mum to angel Calium (11)
Girls: Kairi Tahlia Peyton Bonnie, Esmerée, Lilith Boys: Rylan, Phoenix Xander Levi Dylan Logan Spencer Harley.
Possible Combo's: Kairi Peyton Alana...Tahlia Bonnie Grace...Harley Spencer Rylan...Phoenix Xander Levi...
July 30th, 2013 04:04 PM #9Member
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I purchased this product for my brother and his family for Christmas. Upon receipt, his wife opened the package, read the instructions and began using it immedieately. She now depends on this Blender/ processor for preparing her fabulous dishes and each night whe quickly mixes a smothie so smooth that they have to have at least two each day. My brother has a stomach problem and this product has helped him to digest his food easily. In just two weeks, he began to see a weight gain and his doctor is very pleased. Thanks to Overstock.com's sending me a "selection Just For Me" one day and I immediately put it on my Christmas shopping list to help my brother beat his stomach problems and help his wife cut down her chopping and pureeing time in the kitchen. We all love it!
I bought one of these last Christmas and have used it almost every day since. It has certainly held up well for me! It is definitely more of a blender, not a chopper. I use mine for my daily breakfast smoothie, various drinks and salad dressings. Pretty much anything with some liquid will work. This machine handles ice with ease! The flat blade and small cup also come in very handy for grinding coffee beans and would probably work with hard cheeses as well. The only negative thing I have to say about it is that it can be difficult to twist into the locking position in order to turn it on. I don't know if this problem is unique to my machine, but I suspect not. People with limited hand strength may not be able to use this.
I should have spent the extra dollars on the Magic Bullet. This "processor" is shabby and you have to hold in the button for it to work. It only pulses and the blade isn't very strong. Not very well put together.
Great product, I would definitely recommend to others. I received this product very quickly, too!
I have TRIED several brands from various Stores & Companies, to be disappointed after my little workhorse bit the dust. I have returned them in great disappointment and found this one to be acceptable. I like the size because I mostly use for making my AM 6oz smoothie with fresh fruit to take my harsh medications. Altho it does not blend ALL the ice (as I would like) it does well to have less wattage than others. Believe me! some brands are duds!
Exactly what I wanted the only thing I dint appreciated is having to write a 50 word essay in it I should be able to say I like it and that's that not be forced to elaborate in detail
It only Lasted for 30 days and it just quit working!! Very disappointed!!
This blender stopped working within a week of using, I only use it for my morning smoothies. I returned it and now I'm on week two of the replacement. It still gives off a burnt like odor, and it is very noisy, but it is doing it's job. I don't know how long it will last.
Used it one time and it no longer works. I am going to return it hopefully they will take it back. First time dealing with this company.
This is a great product. We use it almost every day.
Usually leaves our warehouse in 1-2 business days. *
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** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


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About International Foundation
NOTE: The International Foundation program will no longer be offered by the University of Newcastle beyond 2013. For international students requiring pathway to degree programs at the University of Newcastle, please visit the Newcastle International College (NIC) website.
What is International Foundation?
The International Foundation program provides a pathway to undergraduate study for International students who do not have the academic qualifications to gain direct admission into a degree program. To be eligible for International Foundation, students need to have completed at least 10 years of schooling (equivalent of Australian year 11).
The International Foundation year is designed to allow students to specialise in their choice of undergraduate areas and provides them with English language support throughout the year. Upon completion, students may qualify for direct entry to an undergraduate program within the University Faculties:
- Faculty of Business and Law
- Faculty of Education and Arts
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
- Faculty of Health
- Faculty of Science and Information Technology
In order to gain admission to an undergraduate program, students are required to successfully complete a set of courses over one year and gain an Average Mark as required by the Faculties.
Special Features
Special features of the International Foundation year include:
- Full year program commencing in February and completing in November
- Up to five (5) prizes of AUD $2,000 each, awarded each year to outstanding International Foundation students with excellent academic achievements
- International Foundation students have the rights of full-time students of the University of Newcastle
- Acceptance by most Australian universities as an entrance qualification
- Over 90% of students are offered their first choice in an undergraduate program at the University of Newcastle


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Survey of Energy Resources 2007
Natural Bitument - Economics of Upgrading and Markets for Upgraded Oil
Fig. 4-7 shows selected published estimates of capital costs (Vartivarian and Andrawis, 2006) that were expressed on a per daily barrel of (upgraded) synthetic oil (syncrude) plant output capacity. The purpose of the Vartivarian and Andrawis study was to compare costs of a number of alternative plant process configurations having a nominal input capacity of 100 000 b/d of bitumen/diluent feedstock, consisting of 80% bitumen and 20% diluent. The bitumen had an assumed gravity of 8.6° API and a sulphur content of 4.8%. Fig. 4-7 shows plant process investment cost and investment per barrel of output capacity, along with the syncrude product specifications. The investment costs were based on US Gulf Coast costs in 2005 US dollars. The greater the intensity of the processing, as indicated by the quality of the synthetic oil product (higher API gravity and lower sulphur content), the higher the investment cost per daily barrel. The plant investment costs are from 29-36% greater when the high temperature/pressure residue hydrocracking process (configurations with RHCR - Fig. 4-7) is used than if the residue is coked (configurations with RDCK - Fig. 4-7). The configurations with this higher cost process (RHCR), however, result in 30% greater synthetic oil output than under coking. The economic benefits of the higher-cost process depend on syncrude prices.
The two features to notice about Fig. 4-7 are firstly, the wide range in initial investment costs per daily barrel of synthetic crude oil output and secondly, the absolute level of investment required; never less than 800 million dollars and could easily exceed 2 billion dollars. The investment per daily barrel of bitumen production capacity (mine and extraction or in-situ recovery) is of the same order of magnitude as the required investment per daily barrel for the upgrader facility. If the per daily barrel of production cost was CDN$ 20 000 or US$
17 000, the combined cost of the production/upgrading facility for a high-quality syncrude could be US$ 37 000 per daily barrel, or almost US$ 3 billion for an integrated project to supply the upgrader at 80 000 barrels of bitumen per day. Such capital requirements would be well beyond the reach of small operators.
Plants that upgrade extra-heavy oil and bitumen demonstrate the generic characteristics of chemical process industries. They are subject to significant economies of scale, that is, unit capacity investment cost increases rapidly as capacity is reduced below optimal size, and optimal-size plants must operate at high utilisation rates to be profitable. The most profitable upgrade plant design depends on the value placed on its synthetic crude product by refinery purchasers, as well as on the cost of inputs to the upgrade plant. This market value is determined by the availability of competing crude oils of the same or superior quality and the technical capability of local or captive refineries to accept the crude and in turn, to produce high-value products.
Past conduct may indicate the pattern of future development. Partners of the Petrozuata and Cerro Negro projects in the Orinoco Oil Belt had captive US and Caribbean refineries which influenced the design of the San Jose upgrading facilities. The initial Canadian mining operations built on-site upgrading facilities that produced a syncrude that was matched with available refinery capacity.
Downstream vertical integration is the economic term used when a raw materials producer performs the next stages of processing, such as refining or smelting and even selling finished products. Alternatively, if a steel maker starts a mining subsidiary to supply the ore to the steel plant, it is upstream vertical integration. A primary motivation for economic integration downstream is to manage the risks inherent in raw materials markets by providing a means through a captive upgrading facility and perhaps refinery to market the bitumen product. The refiner's price differential between heavy oil and light oil can be notoriously unstable, so there is a real risk to the bitumen producer of its being unable to recover costs, particularly in the light of the relatively high raw bitumen production supply costs presented in Fig. 4-5. In general, in a rising price regime heavy oil price increases will be smaller on a dollar basis than light oil prices, leading to an increasing price differential. The price differential between light and heavy oil also increases as inventories build at refineries. A prolonged period of oversupply of conventional oil and the subsequent bitumen price decline could drive prices to levels below operating cost. It is not surprising that most of the announced new projects specify either a captive upgrading facility or a strategic alliance (de-facto vertical integration) between producers, merchant upgrading plants, and refiners as a response to market risks.


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You're leaving Wedding Paper Divas to see the Deal of the Day at our parent site, Tiny Prints.
"I personalized the DARLING, Lucky Umbrella and selected the Charcoal with Pink Dress & Green Sash & Umbrella. They exceeded my expectations, not only in quality, but in delivery as well. Yes, I paid for the super duper fast delivery, but anticipated receiving them in about 4 or 5 days from my order day. Oh My Gosh, they delivered a 1:00 PM the NEXT DAY! Unbelievable! Wedding Paper Divas, you are WONDERFUL & I would recommend you to anyone!"
"I was able to change the color of the flowers to the brides chosen colors of purple. The paper quality is excellent and the online proof process is so easy."
"I received my invitations very fast and they look beautiful! The only thing I am missing 5 white envelopes in my pkg???? I would like to know if you would be able to send those to me please ASAP bc I will be sending out my invites beginning of April. The invitations are very nice the only thing I would suggest is the colors, the chocolate brown looks a little dark like a black color. But if someone may please contact me and tell me if they can send me 5 more white envelopes? Thank you"
"This was the perfect choice for an elegant bridal shower invitation for my Daughter as "lace" is the recurring theme for her wedding. I had it printed on white shimmer stock and the lace borders were pink. I also had directions to the venue printed on the back and, as the customer service rep had promised, the stock was thick enough that I couldn't see through the front. I was thrilled with my order and will certainly not hesitate to use "Wedding Paper Divas" in the future!"
"I ordered these for my future daughter-in-law's Shower. These are crisp and tailored and perfect for someone who is not looking for something flowery. I changed the wording a bit and added extra lines by working with a designer. I love the way they turned out. I highly recommend keeping the white border and the square corners. I chose the gray background, with pink umbrella and green dress. I kept the writing white (which I recommend) because it does show up best on the gray paper. I did not use lower case letters on mine. Adding a picture and "saying" on the back of the card was a big hit! So far, I have gotten compliments from those who have received them. There was room in this envelope to include a 4 X 6 recipe card for the recipients. I will use Wedding Paper Divas again."


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He introduced the filmmakers to the audience before the showing. The films were shown to a very appreciative and enthusiastic audience. The theater was absolutely packed, with several people standing. Questions were then asked of the filmmakers as to what their inspiration were in making their particular films. Why the style it was made in? How long did it take, etc? The one common thread that ran through the answers was that the filmmakers wanted to keep things simple and direct. They felt the film could only communicate well if it was kept simple. When you only have a few minutes to tell a story, it's important to not have too many distractions to confuse the audience, thus keeping them involved.
It was also interesting that there was almost NO dialogue in any of the films. This was also a means to keep things simple and communicate to variety of audiences worldwide. There was no language barrier problem because of this choice.
The director of LA MAISON EN PETIS CUBES, Kunio Kato said that his inspiration for his film about a man who relives his past through building layers onto his house, was simply the idea of houses building additions on top of their structure. The plot of the man revisiting points in his life came later. Kunio is a painter, who feels through animation he can express his art more fully and communicate his ideas better.
The directors of OKTAPADI (about two octopi in love) felt it was best to keep the idea very simple and have the two get separated and try to reunite. They wanted no dialogue to keep it visual, and short to keep it to the point. They also felt they wanted to keep one step ahead of the audience to keep it unpredictable.
The two directors of THIS WAY UP, Smith and Foulkes, felt they also needed to keep the plot simple and dialogue free. The simple plot of the mishaps that befall them as they try to deliver a corpse in a coffin worked very well and kept audiences interested in what would happen next.
The director of LAVATORY LOVESTORY, Konstantin Bronzit, took a full year to do the storyboards, and two years to make the film, which was hand drawn and very charming. He also stated his preference for having no dialogue to keep things simple, citing Charlie Chaplin as an inspiration.
The question of 2D or 3D came up as well. The two filmmakers who did their films in 2D, Konstantin Bronzit and Kunio Kato were adamant that hand drawn animation is the ONLY way they would ever work. They felt it expressed best the feeling they were trying to get across to an audience, and it made it more personal for them.
It was interesting to find out that some of the filmmakers were going on to other feature length projects, while others were staying in the shorts field.
A luncheon was served afterwards, with some DreamWorks staff attending, where more stories were shared between filmmakers and other attendees. One common thread that tied everyone together was a real love for animation and an excitement at what lies ahead for them as individuals in their careers, and the art form in general. You really got the feeling that these people where in this for the long haul continuing to explore and create great work.
There was then a tour of DreamWorks, where we were treated to a screening of some sequences of the upcoming release, MONSERS VS ALIENS in 3-D. The sequences looked amazing, and the 3-D was some of the best I've ever seen. We saw some new technology in a hand held 3D virtual camera that can move around an environment with already created animation, giving the director the chance to change camera angles on the spot. I can't remember exactly what it's called, but it was really impressive. We then were shown some test animation by Kristof Serrand for a new feature called HOW TO TRAIN YOUR DRAGON.
The day was winding down, but everyone still had a lot of enthusiasm for everything they were seeing. The Oscars were only two days away, so you could really feel the excitement among the filmmakers. It's important to note that they just seemed to really enjoy being part of the whole Oscar celebration and not too concerned about winning awards. They were happy to be a part of something pretty wonderful, and just sharing this special time with one another, being supportive and complimentary of each other's outstanding work. It was pretty inspiring to realize that this art form of the animated short film is very alive and well. Regardless of the medium that is used to tell the story, or the country it comes from, or budget or time, there are still a lot of great stories to be told. It's nice to know there are such enthusiastic filmmakers out there who feel the animated short film is a vital tool to inform and entertain. Let's just hope they all get the support and accolades they deserve. From what I observed, the animated short film has a very bright future!
Rick Farmiloe Animator and Executive Board Member of the Short Films/Animation Branch AMPAS