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April 18, 2010 Jihadism's War on DemocraciesBy Walid Phares
The term "War of Ideas" began appearing in the years following al-Qaeda terror attacks against the United States on 9/11. In the days following the massacres, the mainstream media displayed a stunning lack of determination in identifying where aggression was coming from and why.
In the hours following the bloodshed in Manhattan, Pennsylvania, and Washington, where about three thousand -- mostly civilians -- were killed, the main question raised by networks, publications, and commentators was "Why do they hate us?" Incredibly revealing, this slogan told the world and public at home that America did not know who the "they" (i.e., the attackers, whom they represent, and what they wanted) were. It also underlined another stunning revelation: that what mainstream intellectuals understood from 9/11 was that sheer "hate" was the reason for the attacks, and worse, the roots of this so-called hatred were unknown. Al-Qaeda's onslaught on American soil signaled the start of what was called the "War on Terror." But historical precision tells us that in reality, the jihadi war on the United States and other democracies began several years earlier. The sudden post-Cold War rise of combat Salafists (al-Qaeda and others) against American and Western targets in the 1990s and the actions taken by Khomeinists (Iran and Hezb'allah) since the early 1980s preceded America's campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq two decades later. Popular and media reactions to the 9/11 attacks in the United States revealed a dramatic reality. The public -- to say nothing of the government -- did not know that the jihadists have been at war with America and other democracies for many years before the Twin Towers attacks. During the summer of 2004, the 9/11 Commission asked the tragic question repeatedly: "How come we were at war for years before the attacks and we did not know it? How come the U.S. government -- multiple administrations -- did not know it, nor did it inform the people and take action?" The Commission's hard question was warranted, as al-Qaeda declared war against the United States, "the infidels, Crusaders and the Jews" at least twice during the 1990s in tandem with terror attacks in 1993, 1998, and 2000. The other major question that sprung from the Commission's long and painful hearings was "How come Americans and other democracies did not know about the jihadi wars being waged for decades?" These two grand lines of inquiry puzzled many citizens since 2001, as they realized that there was indeed a war waged by jihadists and that for too long, the public and most of its representatives did not realize it was happening. As a result, two types of literature expanded in the United States, and later in Europe and the West. One set of books, articles, and panels insists that terrorism is waged by segments of Arab Muslim societies frustrated with Western policies in general and U.S. foreign policy in particular (e.g., economic disenfranchisement and in some cases, racism). The second type of literature links the violence performed by the terrorists directly to Islamic theology. The wedge between the two explanations was wide and has grown larger. Both literatures, though, failed to see or explain the jihadi threat as a movement with global strategies, tactics, and rational steps. In 1979, fourteen years before Professor Samuel Huntington published his famous article (turned into a book in 1996) "The Clash of Civilizations" in Foreign Affairs (1993), I published my first book al taadudiya (Pluralism), with a second volume dedicated to the analysis of the "relationship between Civilizations," focusing in some chapters on the worldwide ramifications of historical jihad. During the 1980s, I published more books and articles projecting the rise of jihadism and arguing that its ideologues were camouflaging its strategic intentions. Unluckily, perhaps, the body of my work was mainly in Arabic and went unnoticed in the West, as probably was the case with similar intellectual efforts during the Cold War. During the 1990s, this time from the United States, to which I relocated, I published a few pieces and testified to and briefed Congress and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) about the rising and forthcoming threat of jihadi terror. My warnings -- as were those of other intellectuals and journalists in this field -- were ignored. I made most of my arguments and points long before the official start of the "War on Terror," but they did not impact the debate, let alone the decision-making process back then. In my later findings, I established that one major reason why the American public was unaware of basic realities in the region and why the U.S. government was not acting to counter the rising threat was a full-fledged campaign waged by the jihadi forces, both financial and militant, to disable American and Western abilities from perceiving, understanding, and eventually countering the expanding menace. In short, what allowed the jihadist campaign to strike surprisingly at Western interest, provoking incoherent debates about the so-called War on Terror, was in fact a "War of Ideas" unleashed by the very ideological forces standing behind the jihadi militant networks and regimes. Not only were the United States and the West targeted by a jihadi war since the 1980s (Khomeinsts) and the 1990s (Salafists), but more importantly, democracies were submitted to a War of Ideas since the 1970s at the hands of a bloc of regimes and ideological circles whose main characteristics were and continue to be sympathizing with jihadist ideologies and practicing authoritarianism domestically. In 2005 I wrote my first post-9/11 book, Future Jihad: Terrorist Strategies against the West, outlining what I established as past and future strategies by the global jihadist movements. In 2007, I wrote another book titled The War of Ideas: Jihadism against Democracies, in which I demonstrated how jihadi forces were able to win their first and second Wars of Ideas against liberal opponents. Last, I followed up with a third book, The Confrontation: Winning the War against Future Jihad, suggesting how to defeat their totalitarian ideologies and support democratic forces in the Arab and Muslim world. This chapter is an additional contribution to the discussion as to the conditions for success against radicalization. One major condition for advancement in the confrontation is for the public of liberal democracies to understand the actual equation and the essence of the so-called War of Ideas. Indeed, eight years after 9/11 and after successive attempts by the U.S. government, by most European institutions, and by NGOs on both sides of the Atlantic, the definition of this War of Ideas is still unclear and, in many cases, utterly wrong. To most architects of the Western War of Ideas waged as of 2004, the issue has been one of public relations and "American image abroad." The U.S. government's various agencies in foreign policy and defense have invested significant time and funds to develop what they deemed "strategic communications" aimed at "swaying the hearts and minds" of Arabs and Muslims. More recent efforts in the United States and Europe focused on what they coined "counter radicalization" efforts. But the essence of both campaigns was still short of determining the actual threat in the War of Ideas: It is the ideology that produces radicalization, and thus, the swaying of opinions. Therefore, I have been arguing, and continue to do so, that first we need to identify the "ideology" and what constitutes a threat within the components of this ideology. Then we must understand the strategies used by the doctrinaires and followers of this ideology across its various streams and branches before we design the counter-strategies. Historically, the campaigns by jihadi forces to win their own battle inside the Arab and Muslim world before taking it to the West and beyond can be categorized into three "Wars of Ideas." The First War of Ideas (1950s-1990s) A historical observation of systematic efforts on behalf of Islamist regimes networked to spread their ideology shows that while their attempts to expand began with their rise in the 1920s, their strategic expansion took place during the latest parts of the Cold War. The Wahhabis, not very influential in their first stages, concentrated on rooting their doctrine inside the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia until oil revenues allowed them to begin the process of ideological export in the mid 1950s. The Muslim Brotherhood, founded in Egypt in the late 1920s, also attempted to spread across the region, with little success. The penetration by the Ikhwan of Arab societies was slow and suppressed by authoritarian regimes. Taking advantage of the East-West confrontation for decades, global Salafists (Wahhabis, Ikhwan, and others) focused on expanding Islamist ideology inside the Arab and Muslim world. I term these efforts the first War of Ideas: engaged by the Islamists within their own societies while the West and the Soviets were waging their ideological and propaganda wars against each other. In a sense, the first War of Ideas, launched by the world's jihadists -- first the Salafists and followed later by the Khomeinists -- profited from the capitalist-Marxist clash of ideas to score advances within Muslim societies and assert the oft-chanted slogan "la sharqiya, la gharbiya, umma wahda Islamiya" (No East, No West, one and unique Islamic Umma). It took the Salafists and the Khomeinists the bulk of the twentieth century to organize their movements and rise to influence. Sheikh Yussuf Qardawi, leading ideologue of the modern jihadist movement and top commentator on Al Jazeera for more than a decade, often asserted that "Islamist awareness" was moving forward and upward after the collapse of the Caliphate, taking advantage of the titanic clashes taking place within the infidel world (kuffar), first during World War II and then during the long Cold War. In his estimate, the spread of the Islamist ideology -- at the expense of its liberal and secular competitors -- was possible partly because the powers on the same side were destroying each other: fascists versus Allies, and then democracies versus communists. Khomeinism had a similar assessment of success. Ideologues such as Sheik Hassan Fadlallah, an ideological mentor of Hezb'allah, often theorized that the Islamist forces were able to surge dramatically in the Muslim and Arab world because of the failure of the West to attract youth and the public to "progressive and liberal ideals." But this global ideology of Islamism-jihadism, emerging between the two postwar giants, had its own rivalries and difficulties. Sunni-backed Salafism and Shia-rooted Khomeinism were at odds on doctrinal, theological, and political levels. Wahabbis and Ikhwan framed Iran's Islamism as "unorthodox." The mullahs in turn accused the Sunni Islamists of reinstating the oppressive Muawiya Caliphate at the expense of the Shia. Jihadism's two branches did not rise to merge; that is a firm finding. But both trees developed common grounds, even though not in coordination: the culture of jihadism against all infidels, liberal and progressive Muslims, the West, Communism, Israel, India, Russia, as well as against any polytheist Asian and African cultures. Global jihadism had more in common against the rest of humanity than the jihadists had differences within their own ranks. Hence the ideological efforts by the Wahhabis, Ikhwan, Deobandis (branches of Salafism), and the Khomeinists converged into the creation of the vastest pool of indoctrinated jihadists in modern times. The radicalization within Muslim societies and its Diaspora that the international society began to discover and worry about as of 9/11 began decades ago at the hands of a long-range, patient, and relentless double-network of Islamist-jihadists, backed by significant financial resources made available by oil revenues. The first War of Ideas was essentially ideological and educational. The jihadist networks concentrated most of their efforts on widening the pool of indoctrinated youth via madrassas, mosques, Hawzas, orphanages, hospitals, state propaganda, and religious policies, in addition to political movements. The forces of radicalization differed in their strategies on confrontation with the foe. The Salafists designated Communism as their main enemy, relegating Western capitalism to the position of future enemy. Hence Wahhabis and Ikhwan escalated the fight against the Soviet Union and its satellite regimes and parties, culminating in the clash in Afghanistan after 1979. For that purpose, the Salafi web accepted a tactical alliance with the United States and the West to achieve the immediate goal. This attitude was explained -- wrongly by Western apologists -- as a real long-term alliance with the Islamists against the Marxists. The price of such an interpretation was for America and its allies to abandon liberals, human rights activists, and minorities to the advantage of the Islamists. This abandonment was the first strategic failure of the United States to predict the future: Scrambling after 9/11 to find moderates was really too late after decades of laissez-faire. However, there was another reason for this abandonment of democratic forces in the region. Indeed, the 1973 oil shock sent a strong message to Western industrialized democracies: hands off domestic affairs of the region's regimes, which also translated to forbidding the free world from assisting liberal causes under authoritarian regimes, as was the case with the Kurds, Berbers, Southern Sudanese, dissidents, Arab democrats, and so on. For their part, the Iranian jihadists condemned both "infidel powers" equally. Ayatollah Khomeini blasted the USSR and the United States simultaneously as "Satan," but his regime and its ally Hezb'allah targeted America intensely. The slogan al mawt li amreeka (Death to America) was shouted twenty-two years before the planes of al-Qaeda blasted the Twin Towers. In short, Western concessions to the Islamists during the Cold War allowed the latter to expand their ideology geometrically and irreversibly. The Second War of Ideas (1990-2001) With the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the rapid democratization of central and Eastern Europe, the fall of the apartheid regime in South Africa, the crumbling of the last militarist regimes in Latin America, and the signal sent by the Tiananmen Square protest, the earthquake produced by the explosion of democratic revolutions at the end of the Cold War shifted priorities for the global jihadist web. On the one hand, the examples of huge marches in the streets of downtown areas formerly ruled by secret police were too menacing for sister regimes in the Arab and Muslim world. Khomeinists, Wahhabis, Baathists, and other dictators in the region felt compelled to preempt potential democratic copycats in their own midst, costing power and wealth of the ruling elites. On the other hand, the Islamist networks, particularly those turned violent jihadists during the war in Afghanistan, realized their calling to replace the discredited authoritarian establishment in the Arab Muslim world. Hence a convergence of strategic interests came to life between traditional Islamists in power and surging Jihadists across the region. The new direction of the global web targeted the West and its liberal democracies, but each stream had a different interest. The Wahhabis and other Islamists in power in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Sudan, and other countries; the Iranian regime; and the vast network of Muslim Brotherhoods with branches within Europe and North America poured sizeable funds, diplomatic influence, media, and cadres into the most powerful battle of ideas in modern history. Their aim was to block the rise of awareness in the West regarding the necessity of backing the spread of democracy in the Greater Middle East and beyond. The main thrust of the second War of Ideas took place mostly in Europe's western democracies, the United States, Canada, and other democracies. It was embodied by an immense investment of hundreds of millions of petro-dollars in the educational, media, and intellectual institutions in the West specializing in foreign policy, national security, and other related academic fields. The goal was to delay the rise of a consciousness vis-à-vis the rise of jihadi ideologies and the severe problem of human rights in the region. After the West intervened on three continents to "back democracy," towards the end of the Cold War, many of the Muslim world's regimes feared a similar repeat in their countries. The best strategy employed by the elites was to take refuge under "religious legitimacy," and the best defense of this legitimacy was to create a barrage within the West obstructing any criticism of jihadism and its derivatives. Accordingly, the chain of financial and lobbying moves in most influential liberal democracies was very successful. The petrodollar regimes, forming a consortium closer to cultural imperialism, targeted departments of Middle East studies, international relations, history, and other political entities on American, European, and other Western campuses, seizing control of setting the curriculum, determining the issues to research and teach, and in many cases, selecting the instructors and scholars. Oil funding practically eliminated the study of human rights, democratization, minorities, feminism, and jihadist ideologies from Western academia. Graduates of corrupted Middle East studies and its related fields populated the ranks of the foreign service, mainstream media, and teaching. The 1990s witnessed the eradication of Western capacity to produce independent knowledge of the region's multiple dramas and threats. The Second War of Ideas, mostly via soft power, subverted national security expertise in America and other democracies and took out its ability of lending support to civil societies south and east of the Mediterranean. While NATO intervened twice in Yugoslavia and the United States exclusively in Panama and Haiti, and East Timor was miraculously saved, the oppressed peoples of Southern Sudan and Lebanon, as well as ethnic communities in jeopardy such as the oppressed people in Darfur, the Kurds, the Berbers of North Africa, and many more were left to their fates. Women were abandoned to gender apartheid in Afghanistan and Iran, and students and intellectuals were facing suppression across the region with little interest from Western capitals. The reason behind this general abandonment of the underdogs in the Arab and Muslim world was none other than the victories scored by authoritarian petro-powers in America and Europe. Since the only "Middle East conflict" recognized by the international public debate was the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians, all other "tragedies" were dismissed as interference in the region's affairs. Equally lethal to international investigation into the region's ideological debate was the more dangerous dismissal by petro-lobbying of the nature of jihadism. The latter was framed as a spiritual enterprise, a theological question, and in the best conditions, a mere reaction to U.S. policy and past European colonialism. The Western public was deprived of a scientific and even basic understanding of the jihadi doctrines, movements, and aims. The most efficient success of the second War of Ideas was to take out Western abilities to see the strategic expansion of the ideology at the root of many terrorist movements and regimes. Any investigation of either the mass human rights abuse of the peoples inside the realm of the "Muslim world" or the nature of jihadism was met by a campaign of demonization and guilt-imposition via concepts such as "Islamophobia," "Zionism," or "legacy of colonialism." The push by the petro-regimes and their supporters during the 1990s was the shield under which pools of radicalization continued to grow in the East and through which public opinion was neutralized in the West. However, there were other even more lethal consequences of the second War of Ideas. The more radical jihadists, including al-Qaeda, the Taliban and other Salafists, and Hezb'allah found the most fertile grounds in their own recruitment not only in the region, but also within the West. The short ten years separating the end of the Cold war from the War on Terror were very dense in ideological warfare waged by the global jihadist web. But the latter has morphed into three large creatures, two of Salafi nature and one Khomeinist. The classical Salafi mainstream continued to include the Wahhabis, the Muslim Brotherhood, and the Deobandis. Their strategy was to resume the thrust of the first War of Ideas into the post-Soviet era. Their efforts doubled inside the Muslim world, creating more media networks such as Al Jazeera and expanding the madrassas, and also accelerated throughout the West by widening the funding of Middle East studies and backing the apologist lobbies. The essence of this group's war plan was to delay Western awareness of the ideological threat while seizing the political culture in the regions as a permanent fact. However, the classical Salafists had no intention of clashing openly and violently with liberal democracies, but on taking it from the inside, or at least paralyzing its counter-action for a long as needed until the war was won by ideological penetration. But the second generation of Salafists, led by the rise of al-Qaeda, broke away from the stealth war managed by the Muslim Brotherhood and the Wahhabis. Bin Laden and his ilk shattered the camouflage by issuing two major declarations of jihad in 1996 and 1998 and by disseminating the corresponding fatwas throughout the radicalized pools. Al-Qaeda's priority in the 1990s and beyond was to recruit for the military war and engage in it, not to expand jihadism silently among followers within the West. Hence 9/11 the changed the equation. The Third War of Ideas (2001-2009) By striking hard and at the heart of American society, al-Qaeda shattered the "silent strategies" of the classical Salafists. The U.S. public rose to question the nonexistence of a threat and thus demanded to know who the "enemy" was and what it wanted. Hence the debate about the existence of a foe was wide open in America, which led to a debate about what to do about it. The Western War of Ideas began as a result of the shock of 9/11, but that war was not really won in eight years. Across the Atlantic, the jihadists shook off European public opinion by striking in Madrid and London and rising in France, Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands. The third War of Ideas was in fact triggered by sensational jihadi actions in the West, prompting two schools to clash. Gradually, more citizens were convinced that there was a threat coming from the Arab and Muslim worlds -- a threat that they did not know enough about, but they realized that there was a debate about its nature. Some literature focused mostly on the idea of the Islamic religion attempting to link violence to theology. Other research determined that the issue had more to do with ideology rather than strict religion. That is the debate inside the West. But the most dramatic dynamics of this third War of Ideas was the explosion of dissidence inside the Arab and Muslim world. Gradually since 2001 and increasingly since the campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq, counter-jihadi forces and pro-democracy voices have expanded. Profiting from Western debates, seizing opportunities on the battlefield to organize their own democratic agenda, and maximizing the use of alternative media such as internet chat rooms and blogging, Arab, Middle-Eastern, and Muslim dissidents and human rights activists shattered their side of the wall by bringing the story of oppression to the international arena. Former slaves from Sudan, ex-political prisoners, reformists, opposition leaders, exiles, and other figures from democracy activism in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and other parts of the region entered the discussion on the battle of ideas. The issue was not reduced to the idea of being "extremist" in the Arab and Muslim worlds; it became about either being active in the struggle for democracy or being against it. Unlike its two predecessors, the Third War of Ideas widened in multiple directions: First, by means of a campaign by the classical jihadi powers (backed by oil-producing regimes) to suppress two narratives in the West -- one, that jihadism is behind terrorism, and two, that democratic dissidence in the Middle East is the response to radicalization. Wahhabi and Khomeinist funding and influence have been fiercely attempting to counter the rise of consciousness about these two issues in liberal democracies. One of the main tools used by classical jihadi lobbyists is the charge of so-called "Islamophobia." Any investigation of Islamism -- even as an ideology -- is being met by attacks accusing the counter-jihadists and the pro-democracy dissidents as anti-Islamic. Second, a campaign by the international jihadists, al Qaeda, and their nebulous allies to further mobilize the body of militants into terror. This campaign runs parallel to the classical jihadi efforts to block the debate about jihadism. Hence, the combat jihadis are profiting from the shield provided by their competitors. In this third War of Ideas, al-Qaeda and Hezb'allah recruit and radicalize using a lethal ideology, while the Wahhabis, the Muslim Brotherhood, and the Iranian Khomeinists secure the protection of this ideology. Third, Western governments have been deploying efforts to de-radicalize the jihadists "after" they have been indoctrinated, which presents tremendous difficulties. The results have been meager and rarely successful, for short of responding to the ideological claims and delegitimizing them, Western efforts are useless and costly. Fourth, counter-jihadist NGOs and intellectuals in the West are attempting to awaken their own societies regarding the mounting threat. They hope to provoke a mass awareness of the menace, which would lead to strategic measures. But the community of experts, commentators, and activists is divided as to the arguments and strategies. While some narrow their focus to theological debates, others concentrate on discrete issues. No global strategies in the War of Ideas have been duly set up. Finally, democratic dissidents have continued to be active, but as for the counter-jihadi community, it is very divided and often focused on particular local causes. The State of the War of Ideas (2009- ) Under the Bush administration, the War of Ideas witnessed mutations and changes. While discourse at the level of the president, his main spokespersons, and congressional leaders from both parties regarding jihadism and democracy were moving in the direction of encouraging pluralism and isolating radicalism, the trickling down within the bureaucracy was not followed through on. While directives from the top levels aimed at encouraging an intellectual confrontation with the jihadist ideology and backing of the pro-democracy forces, the body of experts tasked with the mission acted against the aforementioned goals, leading to the collapse of U.S.-backed efforts. Most projects, including media production, funded by the American taxpayer were deflected from their original aim by pressure groups sympathetic to either Salafi or Khomeinist lobbies. Eight years after 9/11, government expertise in the domain of strategic communications was unable to define the ideology behind the threat and in many cases framed it as a socioeconomical or political reaction to U.S. policy, not a sui generis doctrinal construct. The Bush administration's push to wage a campaign against the radicals was not followed by its own bureaucracy. Across the layers of the executive branch and agencies, including defense, intelligence, homeland security, and diplomacy, a compromised expertise halted the process of support to democracy forces, blocked public intellectual awareness of the jihadi threat, and moved to partner with Islamist movements at the expense of Muslim democrats. But the Bush administration's declarations in support of democracy in the region encouraged many NGOs, dissidents, and democracy activists to become bolder and engage in their own struggle on the front lines against terror and extremism. Even if the Third War of Ideas from 2001 to 2009 did not produce strategic successes due to the influence of the oil-producing regimes and their influence inside the West, the most successful results were ironically achieved by non-supported segments of Middle East societies. In Lebanon, the Cedar Revolution took advantage of Franco-American pressure to engage in a democracy uprising. In Iran, the Green Movement, against all expectations in Western chanceries, showed tremendous popular representation, particularly among youth and women in 2009. In Sudan, the Darfur human rights activists pushed for the cause of genocide to be heard. Iraq's democratic parties, although coming second after the traditional parties in elections (in the 2010 elections they actually scored the highest numbers), rose again. In Afghanistan, women made strident advances in political integration. Minorities across the region became louder in their quest for cultural rights as the Berbers, Kurds, Assyrian-Chaldeans, and liberals at large from the Peninsula to the Maghreb organized. The War of Ideas waged by the U.S. government was stymied by the combined efforts of international jihadi lobbies and hostile bureaucratic circles within the administration. But oddly, the "freed" civil society forces in the region moved up and consolidated their gains. In response to the rise of democratic and human rights elements in the Greater Middle East, jihadists and militant Islamists in the region and the Diaspora reverted to deterrence against liberal democracies to preempt the most dangerous menace against terror ideologies: an alliance between progressive forces in international society and liberal forces in the Muslim world. Hence a multi-pronged strategy was developed by regimes affiliated with the OIC and OPEC (mainly Iran, the Wahhabis, Muslim Brotherhoods, Qatar, Syria, Sudan, etc.) to block realization of the alliance between the West and democrats in the Muslim world. The gist of this campaign is to deter the United States and its allies from backing the liberal forces in the region under the charge of "unilateral intervention in the affairs of other countries" while simultaneously blocking the democracy forces in the Muslim world from reaching out to the international community under the accusation of "serving the interests of imperialism and colonialism." The ultimate objective of the authoritarian and jihadi forces was to preemptively break the alliance between the free world and the suppressed civil societies in the region. Inside the Arab and Muslim Diaspora in the West, the jihadists -- both Salafists and Khomeinists -- have been winning the battle of political socialization, simply because governments have been seeking the expert advice of an academia sympathetic to the Islamists. Both in Europe and in North America, jihadophiles do not exceed twelve percent of the communities, but they "control the microphone" and relationships with authorities. Hence the representation of the silent majority is hijacked by the radicals. While the counter-jihadists, progressives, liberals, and human rights activists reach around fifteen percent, their outreach to the majority is limited because of the failed policies of Western governments, themselves relying heavily on an expertise compromised by the jihadi financial power. With the Obama administration taking over, chances for going either direction are equal. The first African-American president should be inclined to assist minorities in jeopardy worldwide, and particularly in the Arab world. In principle, an Obama presidency cannot avoid coming to the rescue of Darfur, Mauritania's slaves, and Algeria's Berbers, as well as assist the Kurds, the Lebanese, women, students, and other suppressed segments of Middle-Eastern societies. But the Obama administration's engagement in dialogue with the Iranian and Syrian regimes and potentially with the Taliban and other jihadists can have significant consequences on the state of democracy forces in the region. In addition, the adoption of a lexicon by the U.S. and European bureaucracies calling for a ban on the use of terms indicting the jihadists will also strengthen the influence of the radicals instead of curbing their appeal. The next few years will better show in which direction the U.S. government and the West will go in terms of the War of Ideas. Most evidence indicates that the authorities will withdraw from this ideological confrontation, leaving the arena to the jihadi lobbies. But there is evidence that democracy forces in the region, even if abandoned by the West, will continue to struggle in their own War of Ideas against the jihadists and authoritarians. Conclusion If the U.S. government (both the administration and Congress) change course from engagement with the authoritarian regimes to engagement with civil societies, and if other liberal democracies come together in shaping a joint strategy of confronting radicals by allying themselves with the democrats in the Greater Middle East, I will make the following policy recommendations to win the third War of Ideas. First, identify the counter-jihadi and liberal activists and intellectuals within the Muslim, Arab, and Middle-Eastern communities in the West and empower them so that they can present an alternative to their communities in the battle of ideas, and let the debate take place naturally. If given equal opportunities, the democratic forces will win these debates. Second, identify the progressive, liberal, and democratic forces, as well as human rights activists, in the Muslim and Arab world and across the Greater Middle East, and extend enough help to enable them to engage in their own battle of arguments and ideas. The most powerful response to radicalization is democratization -- not in terms of political progress only (election and vote), but also in terms of political culture. When individuals choose democratic political culture, they opt for pluralism and the respect of human rights as recognized universally. And when they do so, they reject Salafism and Khomeinism and the latter's interpretation of conflicts and international relations. Third, engage in mass public education and information within civil societies in the West and throughout liberal democracies about the threat of jihadism as an ideology and the challenge faced by the region's democrats. Without a full understanding of the confrontation by the public in the United States, Europe, and other democracies, no international support can be sustained to win the War of Ideas. Fourth, address the ideological roots of terror as a prelude to addressing its political grounds. One needs to remove jihadi terrorism from the equation to allow Palestinians and Israelis to reach peace, the Lebanese to reach security, and the Iranians, Syrians, Sudanese, and other societies achieve social peace. But above all, regardless of where government policies will head and the choices to be made by leaders and politicians in the years to come, it is crucial to continue the debate and develop platforms for an ongoing discussion of the problem. The ideologically rooted threat cannot be dismissed as a side-effect of politics as usual. It has and will continue to have a profound and dramatic effect on human history. The goal of any War of Ideas must be to advance freedom and equality as solid for stability and peace. Professor Walid Phares is a Senior Fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies and an advisor to the Counter Terrorism Caucus of the U.S. House of Representatives. He is the author of The War of Ideas: Jihadism against Democracies.
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text: A Congressional Research Service report on Afghanistan's political transition. The report notes that while the insurgency led by remnants of the former Taliban regime escalated in 2006, after several years in which it appeared the Taliban were mostly defeated. Taliban fighters have been conducting large-scale attacks on coalition and Afghan security forces in several southern provinces, possibly assisted by popular frustration with slow reconstruction, official corruption, and the failure to extend Afghan government authority into rural areas and provinces. In addition, narcotics trafficking is resisting counter-measures, and independent militias remain throughout the country, although many have been disarmed.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Progressive systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma presenting as pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. | |
MedLine Citation:
PMID: 2683765 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to report the clinical features of 10 patients with systemic sclerosis presenting with lung disease in the absence of cutaneous involvement (systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study involved a retrospective review of patients with systemic sclerosis at a tertiary care facility presenting with clinical and/or radiographic evidence of interstitial lung disease in the absence of cutaneous manifestations of scleroderma, and a MEDLINE, computer search for patients who presented with lung disease and later developed taut skin (scleroderma). RESULTS: Ten patients with systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma presenting with pulmonary signs or symptoms were discovered. A positive antinuclear antibody (seven of eight), esophageal dysmotility (eight of nine), restrictive lung disease (six of eight), Raynaud's phenomenon (five of eight), and abnormal nailfold capillaries (six of six) were present in these patients. Six of these 10 patients developed typical scleroderma from four months to seven years after presentation. Lung pathology was examined in six patients and all had changes consistent with interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis. Four of the 10 patients had occupations that could have exposed them to potential pulmonary toxins. In contrast to patients with typical scleroderma, all 10 patients we discovered were men. conclusions: Systemic sclerosis should be considered in patients with idiopathic interstitial lung disease even in the absence of classic sclerodermatous cutaneous involvement. An esophagram, antinuclear antibody, and widefield nailfold examination may facilitate the diagnosis. |
R M Lomeo; R J Cornella; S I Schabel; R M Silver |
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Publication Detail:
Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
Title: The American journal of medicine Volume: 87 ISSN: 0002-9343 ISO Abbreviation: Am. J. Med. Publication Date: 1989 Nov |
Date Detail:
Created Date: 1989-12-11 Completed Date: 1989-12-11 Revised Date: 2005-11-16 |
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID: 0267200 Medline TA: Am J Med Country: UNITED STATES |
Other Details:
Languages: eng Pagination: 525-7 Citation Subset: AIM; IM |
Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425. |
Export Citation:
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
MeSH Terms | |
Diagnosis, Differential Humans Male Middle Aged Pulmonary Fibrosis / diagnosis*, etiology Retrospective Studies Scleroderma, Systemic / complications, diagnosis* |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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Good Morning! I'm from Estill Springs and I'm new to backyard chickens and to chickens.
WElcome to the best group of chicken people in the state! Unfortunately we are divided into different regions on here. I am in the middle Tn group and there are eastern and western groups. I am not for sure where Estill Springs is so yoiu will have to pick one I guess. What all kind of chickens and other birds or critters do you have?
,Roller Pigeons, Bantams, And a place to return to in OKLAHOMA!
Estill Springs is between Winchester and Tullahoma. I'm in middle tennessee too. I have 1 mini-dachshund, 1 fish and 27 chickens on the way. 2 Bantam buff Brahmas, 2 Bantam Cochin Birchen, 2 Bantam Cochin Mottled, 1 Bantam New england B.B. Red, 3 Partridge rocks, 5 Black Australorps, 2 Buff Orpingtons, 3 Light Brahmas, 3 Single comb brown Leghorns, 4 Golden Polish.
im also in mid tn. im near fall creek falls state park
Glad to see there are members close by.
Welcome, from Benton, KY, just north of Paris.
These aren't your Grandfather's chickens.
Thanks Casper


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Trianz Offers Business Excellence as a Paradigm to Provide Solutions for Key Segments of the Rapidly Evolving Retail Industry
Trianz has extensive retail business acumen coupled with a strong belief that strategic business execution is a key pillar to achieving success in retail as the industry rapidly evolves from brick and mortar to online. We provide innovative business and IT solutions that help retailers and manufacturers with customer retention, operational efficiency, productivity, distribution, and expanding geographical reach. In the retail world, Trianz provide services in food and grocery, specialty, pharmaceuticals, and consumer electronics retail segments.
The retail industry has evolved during the past decade with trends like e-commerce and social media that have become integral to how retailers take a strategic look at their business. Traditionally working on thin margins, in today's retail environment it is even more important to sharply scrutinize the cost of operations. Along with these challenges, there are evolving pressures � higher customer expectations, new technologies, fluctuating seasonal demands, customer price sensitivity, fierce competition, globalization, and customer retention. Given the challenging retail environment, Trianz firmly believes that strategic business execution is a key pillar to success in the retail business, and an imperative to overcoming formidable challenges more efficiently and effectively. As a Trianz partner, our clients receive advantages that can enhance efficiency, improve time-to-market, optimize production, and reduce the cost of ownership of supply chain solutions to improve enterprise-level decision-making. To build and retain strong customer relationships retail providers need to reach customers through the avenue of multi-channel distribution. Retailers also need to provide customers and suppliers with relevant information about new products, market conditions, and price variations. Trianz retail solutions enable clients to achieve customer retention, operational efficiency, productivity, distribution, geographical reach, business goals, and ROI. Trianz provides consulting and IT services to solve complex business problems in the following areas:
Serving the retail industry, Trianz provides many customized solutions including radio frequency identification (RFID), mobile point of sale (POS), data analytics, integrated multi-channel retailing, database management, data warehousing, business intelligence (BI), CRM applications, SCM applications, workforce management, leadership and talent management, and merchandising solutions. Our integrated service offerings enable retailers to achieve high performance, optimize logistics costs, improve overall efficiency, forecast market trends, outperform competition, synchronize inventory and sales, enhance customer experience, improve customer intimacy, enhance customer satisfaction, and meet strategic business targets. |


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Eye-Fi Plans International Expansion
Eye-Fi Will Bring the Ease of Wireless Photo Uploading to Japan and Canada
PHOTOKINA and COLOGNE, Germany, Sept. 23 /PRNewswire/ -- Today, Eye-Fi Inc. (www.eye.fi), makers of the world's first wireless memory card for digital cameras, announced plans to expand its distribution internationally to Japan and Canada by the end of the year. With an Eye-Fi card, users can wirelessly upload photos directly from their digital camera to a computer, or to online photo sharing and printing sites. "According to IDC, in 2006, 325 billion photos were snapped worldwide, but only 40 billion of those were shared. That tells us that consumers worldwide need an easier way to share photos," said Jef Holove, CEO of Eye-Fi. "We're excited to give users in Japan and Canada the ability to share their memories effortlessly." As a commitment to Japan as a strategic market, Eye-Fi has established Eye-Fi Japan KK, based in Tokyo. Daisuke Tanaka will serve as managing director. "Japan has always been at the center of the photography world -- whether its innovations from the industry or enthusiasm from consumers," said Tanaka. "Eye-Fi's expansion into Japan is a natural fit, where there is a strong appetite for innovative photography gadgets." Eye-Fi has won numerous awards, including PC World's "The 100 Best Products of 2008" and Yahoo! Tech's "Last Gadget Standing 2008" at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. For more information, please visit www.eye.fi. About Eye-Fi, Inc. Founded in 2005, Eye-Fi is dedicated to building products and services that help consumers navigate, nurture and share their visual memories. Eye-Fi's patent-pending technology works with Wi-Fi networks to automatically send photos from a digital camera to online, in-home and retail destinations. Headquartered in Mountain View, Calif., the company's investors include LMS Capital, TransLink Capital, Opus Capital and Shasta Ventures. More information is available at www.eye.fi.
SOURCE Eye-Fi Inc.
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Final - 1.18.2012 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Total |
Washington Capitals | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Montreal Canadiens | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The latest edition of our weekly look at individual Washington Capitals ups and downs.
Daily Washington Capitals news and notes
Our January chat on the State of The Canadiens
Japers' Rink Roundtable: On Rene Bourque and Pay Back
Daily Washington Capitals news and notes
Martin speaks, Cammi's Montreal digs for sale, What's the price for Carey?
Oh yes, the lazy media is back to its old tricks of inventing myths about the past to deride the present and future Habs. But in the spirit of Twisted Sister, us at Eyes on the Prize are just not going to take it, and we're armed with actual facts to take on all haters.
Struggling Canadiens topple Eastern Conference leaders.
Canadiens Alumni set to make first ever GTA charity appearance.
Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | Score |
Washington | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Montreal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
First Period |
- 1, Washington Goal - Mathieu Perreault (4), from Dmitri Orlov and Cody Eakin at 4:41. 2, Washington Goal - Marcus Johansson (10), from Troy Brouwer and John Carlson at 8:23. Penalties - Rene Bourque, Montreal (Fighting (maj)), 1:15; Matt Hendricks, Washington (Fighting (maj)), 1:15; Josh Gorges, Montreal (Roughing), 8:36; John Erskine, Washington (Interference), 13:01; Dennis Wideman, Washington (Broken stick), 15:14. |
Second Period |
- 3, Washington Power-Play Goal - Alex Ovechkin (19), from Alexander Semin and Dennis Wideman at 10:44. Penalties - Jeff Halpern, Washington (Holding), 2:48; Mathieu Darche, Montreal (Hi stick - double minor), 7:53. |
Third Period |
- No scoring. Penalties - John Erskine, Washington (Elbowing), 2:34; John Erskine, Washington (Hi stick - double minor), 2:34; Max Pacioretty, Montreal (Interference), 5:19; Alex Ovechkin, Washington (Delaying Game-Puck over glass), 9:23; Alexei Emelin, Montreal (Interference), 16:36. |
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Added to Bag!
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Acting Coach Boot in Concrete
By Miz Mooz
- Leather upper. Leather and faux fur lining. Man-made sole.
- Order one half size up for best fit. Heel measures 3.5 inches. Shaft measures approximately 13.5 inches in height, 13 inches in circumference.
- Side zipper closure. Soles have low tread and provide minimal traction.
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Overview and photo Holiday Inn Express Toulouse Airport
Property name: Holiday Inn Express Toulouse Airport
Type: Hotel
Minimum rate per night: USD 116.31
Description Holiday Inn Express Toulouse Airport
Located in the heart of the aeronautic industry center, Holiday Inn Express Toulouse Airport is a modern hotel positioned next to Toulouse Airport, only 15 minutes by car from the city center. With a sparkling outdoor swimming pool, terrace, restaurant and intimate wine bar, this accommodation in Toulouse provides the perfect spot to relax after a long day of professional activities. Easily reachable from public means of transport, this air-conditioned hotel also allows guests to reach quickly main attractions of the Rose City, such as Place du Capitole square and Zénith concert hall, as well as many restaurants or entertainment venues. Within a warm atmosphere, Hotel Holiday Inn Express Toulouse Airport offers extensive modern facilities and a free breakfast buffet, and represents an ideal choice for a business or leisure trip in Toulouse.
Services and facilities
General facilities | Entire property is air conditioned, Individually controlled air conditioning, Elevator, Access for disabled, Congress, Business Centre, Concierge, Currency Exchange, Luggage Storage, Newspapers, Groups welcome, Tourist information, City maps, Shops in the hotel, Rent a car in the hotel, Beach umbrellas and deck loungers, Multilingual staff, Front desk - 24 hour, Front desk - safety deposit box, Front desk - fax service, Recently renovated, Conference room, Fitness room, Laundry room, Meeting Room, TV Room, Meeting lounge, TV Lounge, Services for disabled, Laundry service, Secretarial service, Shuttle service, Shuttle service from and/or to the airport, Banqueting service, Telephone in Room, Baby cots/cribs available, Entire property is non-smoking, Video player |
Room | Rooms with view available, Soundproofed rooms, Direct dial phone, TV, LCD flat screen TV, Interactive TV, TV Satellite, TV Satellite, Cable TV, Desk, Heating, Extra beds, Ironing facilities on request, Non-smoking rooms, Personal waiter, Conditioned Air, Conditioned Air, Hairdryer in each room |
Internet | High speed Internet access, Wireless Internet access, Wireless Internet connection in the entire property, Dial-up Internet access |
Parking | Guarded car park, Free Parking, Private parking |
Pets | Pets accepted, Dogs allowed |
Credit cards | Credit cards accepted |
Leisure and sport | City guide, Outdoor swimming pool, Heated swimming pool, Jogging track |
Food and drink | Meals for groups, Bar, Snack bar, Lounge bar |
Travelers' tips Holiday Inn Express Toulouse Airport
If you know this property you can write a review. |
Holiday Inn Express Toulouse Airport
0 mi
Hotel Holiday Inn Toulouse Airport
0.1 mi
Hotel Balladins Toulouse/Blagnac
0.5 mi
Hotel L'Atrium Hôtel Restaurant
0.9 mi
Hotel Pullman Toulouse Aéroport
2.1 mi
Hotel Airport Hotel
2.1 mi
Hotel Campanile Toulouse Sesquieres
2.1 mi
Hotel Premiere Classe Toulouse Sesquières


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The mission of the Justice Court Clerk's office is to effectively serve the public by processing civil actions not to exceed $3,500.00 and misdemeanor criminal charges in accordance with section 9-11-11 of the Mississippi Code.
Justice Court
The mission of the Justice Court Clerk's office is to effectively serve the public by processing civil actions not to exceed $3,500.00 and misdemeanor criminal charges in accordance with section 9-11-11 of the Mississippi Code.
The distinction between civil and criminal cases is an important one. In a civil case, a trial or contested matter occurs between two or more persons, while in a criminal case, the trial is between the State of Mississippi and a person accused of committing a crime. This is true even when a criminal case is begun by the victim of a crime filing an affidavit charging someone with criminal activity.
If an individual appears before a justice court judge or clerk and wants to file a complaint, the person should be asked whether he wishes to file a criminal charge or civil suit. If the complaining party is seeking recovery of a money judgment against another person he should be told that to do so will require him to file a civil complaint requesting the recovery of money. If, on the other hand, the conduct of which he is complaining involves the violation of a criminal statute and he wishes to begin a criminal proceeding, he should be told that the procedure will involve his making out an affidavit charging criminal activity as defined by Mississippi law. Where probable cause is shown in the affidavit to believe that the person charged committed the crime, the accused will be arrested, tried, and if found guilty, punished as prescribed by law. The punishment may include fines and/or confinement. Some form of restitution to the victim may or may not be forthcoming if the accused is found guilty. There are times when the wrong which has been done might give rise to either a civil suit or criminal charge or both. But the justice court judge must keep in mind the distinction, for it is improper for criminal process to be used to collect a civil debt or damages. Every justice court judge should be familiar with the case of State Ex Rel. Richardson v. Edgeworth, 214 So.2d 579 (Miss. 1968). In this case, our state Supreme Court held that justice court judges who permitted people to sign criminal affidavits for collection of debts without advising them of the criminal nature of the documents; who permitted criminal affidavits to be signed in blank without requiring affiants to appear to make their sworn statements; who solicited collection of accounts through their deputy sheriffs and constables; and who used criminal processes for collection of civil debts; were guilty of intentional abuse of process and would be liable for damages caused by their actions. Although criminal prosecutions cannot be used for collection of civil debts, 99-15-51 of the Mississippi Code as amended in 1988 does authorize a dismissal of petty misdemeanor cases where the party injured appears before the judge and acknowledges to have received satisfaction. The prosecuting attorney must make a motion for the case to be dismissed and the judge must determine that the ends of justice will be served by the dismissal. The proceedings may then be dismissed upon payment of all costs, presumably by the defendant.
Patricia T. Woods, Justice Court Clerk
Shirley Harper, Chief Deputy Clerk Michael Washington, Fiscal Supervisor Harold Mayberry, Collections Supervisor |
Wednesday, December 11, 2013 Contact Webmaster Phone Numbers Map to our Office Copyright © 2013 Hinds County Board of Supervisors All rights reserved. |


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« Obama spends more time playing golf than in economics meetings |
Blog Home Page
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July 20, 2012
4th member of Assad's inner circle dies after bomb attack
Syria's intelligence chief Hisham Bekhtyar has died of his wounds he recieved in the suicide bomb blast on Wednesday that killed 3 other members of his inner circle. Reuters: A fourth member of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's inner circle died on Friday from wounds sustained in a bomb attack this week and his forces fought to recapture border posts and parts of Damascus from rebels targeting the heart of his power. As refugees flooded across Syria's borders and banks were reported to have run out of cash, Russia's envoy to Paris added to a sense Assad's days were numbered by saying he had accepted he would have to leave power. Syrian state television flashed a government statement saying the comments were "completely devoid of truth" while Russia's Paris embassy said they had been taken out of context. Assad, 46, has not spoken since Wednesday's attack on a meeting of his high command and only appeared on Thursday to appoint a new defense minister to replace one of the assassinated men..... (Read Full Article)
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Private equity firms and portfolio companies with whom we work are always interested in knowing top-performing CEOs, COOs, CFOs, sales and marketing leaders, Chief Legal Officers, and CIOs who have experience working with private equity and/or venture firms. If this describes you, please click to Join the PE Executive Network database.
Become Part of the Private Equity Executive Network (PE Network).
We are constantly adding qualified C-Level executives to our network. Whether you are actively seeking to make a career transition or simply want to be contacted with appropriate opportunities, we want to hear from you.
The Value of Becoming Part of the PE Network:
What differentiates PE Network and its partners from traditional search firms is our ability to understand and address strategic business situations from a private equity perspective. Oftentimes, our private equity clients will consult with us to define a management solution to a portfolio company issue. As former investors and executives, our professionals approach candidates as peers, and have the insight to identify those who are best-suited for the unique challenges and pressures of a private equity backed situation. Our candidates look to us as a knowledgeable source of information regarding what to expect from private equity-backed positions. As a result, we are able to help candidates set realistic expectations for the relationship.
In addition, since we are accustomed to working within the very tight timeframe dictated by deal cycles, our search process tends to be more dynamic, interactive, and therefore compressed.
In general, the PE Network works with C-Level executives who have:


text:
Want some great party ideas to make your entertaining evening the best it can be?
Try these Great Party Meals and Ideas...
Great Punch Recipe
Prepare ahead of time: Pour fruit juices in ice trays and freeze.
Combine one bottle of club soda or lemon lime soda with the following:
- One liter of chilled apple juice
- One liter of chilled orange juice
- One liter of chilled mango juice
If you have a fancy punch bowl, you can decorate it with grapes or other hanging fruits around the top or base. Just before the party starts, pour the mixture into the punch bowl, decorate as you need, and then add the frozen fruit ices. You can also add pineapple slices.
Vegetable Platter
A great party idea that always goes over well is a simply vegetable platter. To decorate it, cut the top off of a red or yellow pepper and fill it with your favorite salad dressing. You can then arrange the various cut vegetables around the pepper. Simple to do, but the results are just stunning!


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Christopher Corona
Nov 6, 2013
Shantel Demand
Oct 30, 2013
Home » News » Crime
September 18. 2013 1:15PM
Police say the couple, whose names were not released, were in a car outside the man's residence on Sears Drive around 3:30 a.m. when they saw two men walking in the neighborhood and who appeared to be going through parked cars.
The couple confronted the suspects, and the man pinned one of them to the ground, but the other used pepper spray to help his partner get free, police said. The man started to fight the other suspect and pulled off his hat, sweatshirt and backpack before he succumbed to the pepper spray.
The woman had tried to detain the second suspect, who freed himself by punching her in the face, police said. The suspects ran away but did leave behind several items police hope will lead investigators to them.
They were described as white men in their early 20s. One was described as about 6-feet tall and about 180 to 190 pounds. The other was several inches shorter at about 5-foot-7 and 150 pounds.
Pepper spray, punch ends couple's attempt to stop men breaking into cars
MANCHESTER - A couple who tried to detain two men spotted breaking into a car told police they were hit with pepper spray and punched before officers arrived at the scene Wednesday.
- Ex-Goffstown teacher indicted on sexual assault charges - 0
- Claremont police identify suspect in three armed robberies - 0
- Three boys accused of vandalizing Lakes Region Boys and Girls Club - 0
- Confessed burglar tells investigators pair 'did it for the thrill' - 0
- Bow man robbed at gunpoint near YMCA - 0
- Sex offender sought for failing to register turns himself in - 0
- Raymond man convicted in second sexual assault case - 0
- Champagne dream leads to job applicant's arrest - 1
- Wanted Vermont man evading capture allegedly tried to run over officer - 0
2 NH men accused of drug trafficking
READER COMMENTS: 0- Sports Briefs: Broncos' Welker to miss tonight's game - 0
- Doc has his night in Boston - 0
- Airlines, weapon makers were the best for shareholders in 2013 - 0
- FDA unveils plan to rein in antibiotics on farms - 0
- Outlet malls: Not what they used to be - 0
- Calif. outlaws 'revenge porn' - 0
- Kuster launches 'Holiday Cards for Heroes' - 0
- Minor bus accident in Derry blamed on icy roads - 0
- Mega Millions jackpot expected to reach $400m - 0
AL East looks loaded again in 2014
READER COMMENTS: 0- Should applicants for jobless benefits have to pass a drug test?
- Yes
- 78%
- No
- 22%
- Total Votes: 1424


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Check out our 2013 Holiday Gift Guide, win some awesome gadgets!
Our 2013 Holiday Gift Guide is in full swing - we are adding our recommendations daily, aimed at men, women, teens, families, techies, and more. If you need help figuring out what to get the people in your life, head on over to our Guide for some ideas. We'll even be giving away some of the items featured this year!
First up? We're giving away an iPad mini, Rdio subscriptions, and more!
Latest Gear Live Videos
Monday November 6, 2006 1:22 pm
Fisher Price Digital Camera is Hot Christmas Toy
Fisher Price has always been in the forefront of the holiday market, and this year is no exception. We tried to get their new Kid-Tough digital camera and didn't have an easy time of it. This non-destruct camera features a 1.3-inch LCD preview screen, dual-handle grips, a 2-eye viewfinder, built-in auto-flash, and 640 x 480 resolution for 4 x 6-inch prints.
The camera's 8 MB built in memory stores over 60 photos and has a SD memory slot for increased storage. Visit Fisher Price to check out more specifications and photo software requirements. Although it's still 7 weeks away from Christmas, we barely got ours at a MSRP of $70.00, but you better hustle if you want to get yours.
Read More | Fisher Price
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Idyllwild Botany: Lemon lilies need post-fire protection …
This is a very sad time for the Lemon Lilies of Tahquitz Valley in the San Jacinto Mountains. It's another example of just how tough it is to be a Lemon Lily.
The Mountain Fire burned an area where Tom Chester and I counted a healthy reproducing population of 2,667 Lemon Lilies in 2009. This is probably half of all Lemon Lilies in the San Jacinto Mountains.
It includes an area in which I have been monitoring the lilies since 2010 and counted them in bloom just days before the fire. We took the high country hikers there to see Lemon Lilies during the Lemon Lily Festival — just 24 hours before the fire began.
Willow Creek in Tahquitz Valley is also home to some endangered mountain yellow-legged frogs that are inextricably linked to the same riparian habitat as the lilies.
In the last 100 or more years botanists have known about Lemon Lilies, forest fires have not been kind to them.
Because the bulbs are underground in a cool, moist environment, many may have survived fire when it flashed over the stream bed. We found Lemon Lilies growing in the stream next to the former YMCA Camp Lackey that burned during the Snow Fire in 2007. Because we had not done a count before the fire, I can't comment on how that fire may have affected that population.
However, the Mountain Fire was of a magnitude many times greater than the Snow Fire. Even if the lilies survived the initial event, more devastating to them are flash floods and creek bed erosion as a consequence of deforestation of the surrounding peaks and ridges.
These events can scour the creeks of all top soil and/or bury them in debris. I suspect the frogs are impacted in a similar, if not identical, way.
In the Bracken fern meadow, we documented how the gophers were ravishing the lilies and speculated that drougt was exacerbating it. The addition of fire has created a triple-whammy scenario. If the lilies can recover from that then they are far more resilient than we imagined. We can only hope.
This makes the restoration effort in Idyllwild even more important. If we are successful it will not only help restore the lilies to their historical range and beautify Idyllwild but may provide a template for the restoration of Lemon Lilies in Tahquitz Valley. Thankfully, our seed bank in Idyllwild was not affected.
This is not the time to become despondent, but instead we must now become even more determined.
If you have any additional comments, observations or explanations related to local flora, email Dave Stith at email@example.com.
Editor's note: Dave Stith and members of the Lemon Lily Restoration Committee, with the help of Kate Kramer, have submitted a letter to San Jacinto District Ranger Arturo Delgado requesting to have the Burned Area Emergency Response team address efforts to protect the lilies from mudslides and stream debris.
"The recent Mountain Fire is of great concern to us because of its potential impact to Lemon Lily habitat," the committee wrote. "We know of at least one instance where scouring after a wildfire wiped out an entire Lemon Lily population in southeastern Arizona. We are concerned that the same type of event may occur in the San Jacinto Wilderness in the next rainfall event and we cannot afford to lose anymore habitat or occurrences of this species. To that end we would like to request that Lemon Lilies — and their riparian habitat — be considered in the upcoming BAER assessment of the Mountain Fire."
Category: Idyllwild Botany


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Decision on Voting Law Could Limit Oversight :: On Voting Rights, the Supremes' Most Notable Quotes :: Poised to Declare Racism Over
This entry was posted on Thursday, February 28th, 2013 at 8:32 pm and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.
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text: David Kelley, Ph.D., has taught philosophy at Vassar College and Brandeis University. He is the author of a widely used college textbook on logic, The Art of Reasoning (W.W. Norton & Company, 1998,) and other books on philosophy. Kelley is executive director of The Objectivist Center, which he founded in 1985.


text:
Learn how 2015 Ford Mustang designers and engineers pushed the envelope with help from a Magic 8 Ball.
The Mitsubishi i-MiEV has gotten a huge price cut, making it the cheapest Electric Vehicle on the market.
Of the almost 90 covers the Ford Mustang has appeared on, we want to know which one is your favorite.
We hear the next-gen Land Rover Defender Pickup is planned for the 2017 model year. Should they bring it to the U.S.?
Gran Turismo 6 officially goes on sale this week, and while it already boasts an incredible level of realism, the Mercedes-Benz AMG Vision Gran Turismo concept brought it to a whole new level.
Steve Saleen has confirmed that the specialty automaker is developing an electric vehicle.
Mazda will pit factory-backed Mazda6 diesel racer against two dealer-backed cars.
Those interested in a 2014 Honda Civic Coupe and sedan can get one today, starting at $18,980 including $790 destination.
Find out what the Top 10 Best-Selling Vehicles in November 2013 are right here on Motor Trend's Wide Open Throttle.
New Z06 Coming to NAIAS


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York County today
Monthly Archives: April 2012
Don't miss: Cookbook giveaway to Mother's Day and recipe contests to tombstones and YAIAA spring sports
1. Do you know this woman? Jim McClure asks this in his post on York Town Square. Tom Waters of Lively, Va., purchased this photograph on eBay and is looking for her identity. 2. Join John Clayton and Adam McCallister as they discuss the … Continue reading
Posted in Don't miss posts
Tagged cookbooks, Don't miss, recipe contest, recipes, tombstones, York County
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Check out the new Google Drive, which replaces Google Docs
Check out the new Google Drive. It replaces Google Docs. From Google blog post: "Today, we're introducing Google Drive—a place where you can create, share, collaborate, and keep all of your stuff. Whether you're working with a friend on a … Continue reading
Public suicide tops most watched video list
A man killed himself in the parking lot of a supermarket by lighting himself on fire. 1. Public suicide 2. Action packed seats 3. Rescue 4. Motel fire in Loganville 5. Safe farm roads 6. Shady Dell alive 7. Dallastown holds … Continue reading
Google Doodle honors Gideon Sundback, father of the modern zipper
Today's Google Doodle honors Gideon Sundback, who invented the zipper. It's his 132nd birthday. Sundback died in 1954 and was buried in Meadville, Pa. How the Gideon zipper works. Inventor profile/hall of fame. I can't imagine life without zippers! Other Google … Continue reading
Google Doodle grows for Earth Day 2012
Today's Google Doodle honors Earth Day 2012. Check out this Earth Day 2012 story that includes events, tips, videos, music and more. Also, take this Earth Day poll.
Don't miss: Shady Dell video to YAIAA championship history to Earth Day 2012
1. Have you taken our quiz to see which congressional hopeful aligns best with your views? If not, take it now. 2. Shady Dell tops York Daily Record's most watched videos. I love watching this video and listening to the Dell Rats talk … Continue reading
Posted in Don't miss posts
Tagged high school baseball, Shady Dell, summer camps, YAIAA
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Earth Day 2012: tips, videos, songs and more
[View the story "Earth Day 2012" on Storify]
Posted in Storify
Tagged Earth Day, Earth Day 2012, go green, green living, recycling, storify
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Poll: Are you celebrating Earth Day
poll by twiigs.com
Pew survey: Most peeps will pay using smartphones by 2020
According to a Pew Research Center survey, most people will use their phones to pay for things by 2020. According to the study, some 65% agreed with the statement: By 2020, most people will have embraced and fully adopted the use of … Continue reading
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Top Stories
Lincoln St. detour after line break
A water main break forced hundreds of drivers to take a detour on Thursday morning.
Say goodbye to the snow!
Thursday and Friday will be mild and dry, with temperatures in the 40s and even a few 50s!
Records Peyton Manning could set soon
When it comes to records, Peyton Manning only cares about one: The wins and losses.
Naropa suspends silent professor
Naropa University religious studies professor Don Matthews has been suspended over complaints he refused to speak during classes.
'Fake' interpreter: I was hallucinating
The man accused of faking sign-language while standing alongside world leaders like U.S. President Barack Obama at Nelson Mandela's memorial service said Thursday he saw "angels" at the event, has been violent in the past and suffers from …
Will retail pot boost medical sales?
Marijuana stores in Denver are predicting a boom in medical marijuana sales after recreational pot becomes legal January 1.
Radio tags will be used to track pot
Every marijuana plant or product legally grown or produced in Colorado will be tracked with a high tech radio frequency identification system.


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Go Halal Blog - Go Blog!
Go Blog - The Blogger Site for Muslim Social Network Members - Go Halal.com
Peace, the expectation of each and everybody of the world. Man is a social being. He has to live in a community to survive in a systematic way. The result of a perfect systematic way of living is peace. Peace can be defined as the outcome of the proper implementation of the rules and regulations provided by the almighty Allah. In Arabic term which is known as Islam. Let's take a look on further elaboration.
Peace is often perplexed with the word comfort. Comfort is the thing which can used to refer some common advantages and facilities with which man feels satisfaction where Peace is the unique word referred to make the sense of such condition where no unrest, turmoil, iniquity, bloodshed exists rather than only peace and security. Question is, how such a situation is possible?
Peace is the translated form of the Arabic word Islam. Islam is again a name of a unique code of life. To know the real aspect of peace, we have to be understood on what is Islam and why Islam is the only code of life for the prevailing of peace. In a society peace is only then possible when there will be no anarchy, turmoil, and bloodshed on earth. For such a situation there must will need a flawless set of laws encompasses penal code, education system, economic system, social system, foreign affairs etc. i. e. a complete code of life which will keep the whole situation under control and discipline. The code of life provided by the almighty Allah only can be the absolute and flawless one. Only Allah is the sovereign, in front of who all past and future remains as present. So, logically the rules of Him will be absolute perfect. We can rather follow the rules crated by man to obey, but the inevitable result of it will be unrest and bloodshed. If we wish to be in peace best is to obey the selected code of life by Allah.
Peace can be visualized in the history of Islam with different unique events in the history of mankind. Islam online, that means different Islamic website online have developed to spread the ethics of Islam though all about Islam represents there with a very light weight and perverted concept. The real and hidden true of Islam and history of Islam are revealed in the heavy weight unique site online Islamic.vg. Dont miss to join with the resource with this site.
You can consider this site as an Islamic center or Islamic cultural center which has dedicated its entire attempt with an aim to bring whole mankind under unlimited peace and security. Keep your critical observation on this site and make a decision on what to do to live in peace.


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Bad Day?
Do you ever feel like, "Wow, my life is totally sucking right now and that makes me sad"? Yeah, me too.
But thanks to Emergency Compliment, you'll never have to feel that way again! Okay maybe you will, but at least there's a site out there that is trying. And that's more than you can say about your stupid girlfriend who thinks, "That shirt again?" is a nice thing to say.
[via Emergency Compliment]


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- January 13, 2012
- 1:30 p.m.
- Suggest removal
- Reply to this post
BullMoose writes:
in response to justmeonline:
When is the KRRC lawsuit ruling due out? Seems to be taking an really long time.
The judge has 90 days from the close of the case. So that puts the deadline into the first week of February or so.
Want to participate in the conversation? Become a subscriber today. Subscribers can read and comment on any story, anytime. Non-subscribers will only be able to view comments on select stories.


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Steven Teitelbaum, M.D.
- 1301 20th Street
Suite 350
Santa Monica, CA 90404 - Tel: Click for phone number
- Fax: 310-315-9921
- Send E-mail
- www.drteitelbaum.com
Practice Info
Practice Philosophy
Because aesthetic surgery is voluntary, and arguably even frivolous, I believe a unique burden is placed upon the doctor - and the patient - to be safe, prudent, and conservative. Though no plastic surgeon would openly disagree with that statement, I adhere to it stronger than most. It guides my philosophy from my lengthy initial consultations, to successive pre-operative contacts with the patient, to the techniques I use, and finally my post-operative and on-going care. I am distraught by what I see as an increasingly cavalier attitude toward cosmetic surgery by patients and physicians alike, with some doctors' offices having only a little more serious of an atmosphere than a beauty salon.
Read Dr. Teitelbaum's article Two Bad Weeks for My Patients featured on The Huffington PostClick HERE to view Dr. Teitelbaum's Entire Comprehensive Video Collection
Practice Specialization
Dr. Teitelbaum is a specialist in aesthetic plastic surgery, including facial rejuvenation, breast and body sculpting, and much more. He occupies a niche for patients desiring natural results and demanding the highest level of attention to detail and service.
Highly Cohesive Implants
Many of Dr. Teitelbaum's patients choose him to be their surgeon because of his expertise with cohesive gel implants (also known as "gummy-bear implants" because the gel has a consistency similar to that of the candy). These have been widely used in Europe since 1993. US clinical trials began in 2001 and until now the implants were only available to patients and a select group of surgeons participating in clinical trials. These implants received FDA approval in February of 2013.
Dr. Teitelbaum is the only surgeon in the state of California who participated in the clinical trials of all three cohesive implant manufacturers. He has over a decade of experience and has implanted more than 1300 such implants. Because of his excellent results in a wide variety of breast types, Dr. Teitelbaum is one of the most frequently requested lecturers on this topic in the United States, and he has traveled to places as far away as Asia, Europe and Africa to share his cohesive breast implant expertise with other surgeons.
These implants have several advantages and disadvantages. While beautiful and natural results can be achieved with any breast implant, Dr. Teitelbaum believes he has greater control to create a more beautiful shape with these implants. They are more resistant to developing folds that can be either seen or felt. Studies show a lower rate of scar tissue formation, leakage, and chance of needing another operation than standard silicone gel implants. While many patients perceive these implants as "leak-free", in fact it is possible for them to break, though the gel is so stiff that it does not appear to migrate.
They are slightly firmer than standard silicone implants, but it is that characteristic which allows them to maintain a shape and to have possibly enhanced durability. Since they are thin at the top and thick at the bottom, they must maintain their orientation. If a round implant rotates, then there is no change in appearance, but if a teardrop rotates then it can create a distortion. This is a risk that exists with these cohesive implants that does not exist with the round implants.
They work best in patients who wish to have a proportional augmentation, because they do not look as good when sized much above or below what is ideal for the breast. In loose and highly mobile breasts, they tend to feel more firm than they do in breasts that are already very firm.
Dr. Teitelbaum is an enthusiastic supporter of this new technology, and developed the educational material that one implant manufacturer will use to credential surgeons who wish to use them. In fact, he was even videotaped performing surgery to demonstrate to other surgeons the ideal way of using these implants. As excited as he is about these implants, he does not believe they are ideal for everyone. He always works with each patient to determine exactly what size and type of implant is right for her, and would never automatically recommend cohesive implants. When you come in for your consultation, you and Dr. Teitelbaum can explore if they might be right for you. In the meantime, we encourage you to visit Dr. Teitelbaum's special website, www.cohesiveimplants.com, to learn more about this exciting new technology and all it has to offer.
24-Hour Recovery
Does the idea of a virtually pain-free breast augmentation seem too good to be true?
As remarkable as it sounds, recent developments have allowed over 90 percent of our breast augmentation patients to return to normal activities within 24 hours, without the need for narcotics, bed rest, or special bandages or bras. Bruising is minimal or nonexistent, and pain is controlled with ordinary Advil. In fact, Dr. Teitelbaum's patients routinely go out to dinner the night of surgery, usually drive within several days, and need to take just a few days off of work. They can help with their children and go for a walk the day of surgery.
This is no exaggeration—and it's also no accident. Your easy recovery will be the result of Dr. Teitelbaum's commitment to meticulous preoperative planning, state-of-the-art anesthesia procedures, and the surgeon's detailed understanding of finer points of anatomy, which allows each operation to proceed smoothly and with a minimum of trauma. His modern surgery suite also offers the latest advances in anesthesia protocols, which significantly minimizes postoperative nausea.
Because of rough or imprecise technique, some surgeons tightly bandage patients or make them wear a special bra in the hopes of forcing the implant into a particular position or to act as a tourniquet to prevent bleeding. Dr. Teitelbaum's precise and gentle surgical technique, conversely, allows his patients to move their arms in the recovery room right after surgery—and the result is less pain, a shorter recovery, and a lower chance of hardening of the breasts.
There's a reason why Dr. Teitelbaum has been asked to teach other doctors how to achieve this kind of pain-free recovery at the largest annual plastic surgery meeting in the world. He's made a believer out of many patients and surgeons; ask as many questions as you like about how he can do the same for you.
Surgical Facility
The operating room has only the most up to date equipment. It has received the certification of AAAHC/Medicare. For decades, accreditation has been the highest form of public recognition a health care organization could receive for safety and quality of care it provides. Patients have come to expect accreditation with hospitals. Yet, it is just as important to seek accreditation from any independent provider where you are planning to have surgery. The Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care handles accreditation of independent ambulatory health care providers and is Medicare approved.
My consultations are particularly lengthy, and that is why I charge for them. Many plastic surgeons that offer complimentary consultations actually have them done by a "cosmetic consultant" or "patient coordinator," or they may spend only a few moments with the patients. I schedule a large block of time for each patient, and take as much time as a patient needs to discuss their situation. Photos are taken and we discuss them. Many patients return to continue the consultation on a second or third visit, and I do not charge for those subsequent visits.
I take a thorough history and perform a detailed relevant physical examination. My consultations in particular have a reputation of their own; I have a unique ability to gain an understanding of what a patient wants, to assess their anatomy, to imagine what would look best for a patient given their goals, and finally to discuss this all with them in an understandable way.
Computer Imaging
3-D Computer Simulation of Augmentation Results
Every woman considering breast augmentation shares the same concern: How do I choose an implant that's the right size for me?
While Dr. Teitelbaum has a patent for a device that determines the best implant size for a breast and he is extremely experienced in helping patients find an implant that is best for them, it's understandable that you will want to get some sense of how different options will look on you. It's for this reason that Dr. Teitelbaum uses a state of the art digital breast imaging system. The Precision Light technology has helped hundreds of satisfied patients forecast how they will look after their procedure.
This device is new and not available to the public. While there are other 3-D devices on the market, none have the same sophisticated software engine that actually does a simulation rather than just a "morph," thereby creating what seem to be much more realistic images. While the images are excellent and generally reliable, patients should understand that this is a new technology and only time will determine the accuracy of these images.
After taking three-dimensional digital images of the breasts, the Precision Light software then calculates precise measurements and determines the exact volume of the breast tissue present. The system can then be used to simulate how various implant sizes and types will look on you. Because any size implant can be simulated on your body, the machine presents you with an unprecedented opportunity to visualize approximately how you will look ahead of time, allowing you to get an idea of whether the implant Dr. Teitelbaum calculated for your breast gives you the overall size and balance that you wish.
Of course, like any simulation, Precision Light can't give a 100 percent precise prediction of the outcome. But Dr. Teitelbaum has found it to be far and away the most helpful forecasting tool available—and his patients agree. Many say that the digital imaging played a big role in reducing their concerns about their implant size, and gave them more confidence that they would be happy with their outcome.
All breast augmentation consultations that are candidates for digital imaging include a Precision Light session at no additional charge. If you have breasts that are droopy and hang over the crease under your breasts, realize that the camera cannot get a picture of the bottom part of your breasts and therefore a simulation will not be possible for you. It also cannot simulate a lift or revision of a previous augmentation.


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By far one of my favorite places to consume tea is the Samovar Tea Lounge in the Yerba Buena Gardens of San Francisco. I love that little piece of heaven so much that I even subscribe to their newsletter (I keep my subscriptions to a bare minimum). When I received today's, I just had to [...]
All posts tagged Samovar
Oolong Tea: Field to Cup
Posted by All Natural Annie on May 11, 2012
Tea Time
While we were in San Fran, we fell in love with SAMOVAR, a tranquil tea lounge in the beautiful Yerba Buena Gardens. For our week's stay, we made it a late afternoon/early evening ritual to go to the lounge to try out a different pot of tea each time. It was just so relaxing and [...]
Posted by All Natural Annie on February 3, 2011


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Bay Area rancher receives Leopold Conservation Award in California
Sand County Foundation, the California Farm Bureau Federation and Sustainable Conservation are pleased to name Bay Area rancher Tim Koopmann as the 2011 recipient of the Leopold Conservation Award in California.The sixth annual Leopold Conservation Award for California will be presented December 5 at the California Farm Bureau Federation's Annual Meeting in Sparks, Nev.The $10,000 Leopold Conservation Award is named in honor of world-renowned conservationist Aldo Leopold. The award is presented annually in eight states to private landowners who practice exemplary land stewardship and management."Tim Koopmann's commitment to the health of the land and wildlife in his family's care is exemplary, but he has also made extraordinary improvements in water quality that benefit those on and off of his ranch," said Brent Haglund, Sand County Foundation president. "In addition, he has taken steps to help ensure that his land and land ethic will continue to thrive for future generations."Tim Koopmann is a third-generation rancher who owns and operates an 850-acre cow-calf operation within the San Francisco Bay Area in Sunol. The Koopmann Ranch is an agricultural gem surrounded by urban development. Read more ...
Photo credit: Paolo Vescia
Without the dedication of hard-working ranchers to keep their operations viable, McMansions would dot every hill in the Bay area instead of oaks.
- Tim Koopmann, 2011 Leopold Conservation Award recipient


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This is the entrance to the first building i went in at the Sandos pharmaceutical plant...creepy
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Camera: | Nikon D90 Check out Nikon Nation! |
Recording media: | JPEG (digital) |
Date Taken: | 25 Aug 2012 - 1:19 PM |
Focal Length: | 24mm |
Aperture: | f/16.0 |
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White Balance: | As Shot |
Title: | Silent hill |
Username: | clintQB |
Uploaded: | 6 Sep 2012 - 5:14 PM |
Tags: | Digitally manipulated, General, Landscape / travel, Photo journalism, Specialist / abstract. Urbex. Industrial. |
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I like grunge and this has it. The processing is spot on to emphasise the dereliction. Nice one.
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Find House
Apartment rent Topaz 1 in Saigon Pearl buiding near Mof Japanese - 2607
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At there, guests can go to The Manor Officetel, Mof Japanese Sweet & Cafe, Saigon River Club, Saigon River Club Swimming Pool, Posh- Saigon Pearl Real Estate, Saigon Pearl (ISSP) just in few minutes, and take about 20 min to go to saigon center ( district 1 and district 3) ...
Saigon River Club Swimming Pool in binh thanh district
The building has a grand trade center ( 40,000m2 ) , entertainment area. Besides, the buiding also has kindergarten, international school, and a great parking lot in-between the building. In addition, You can read more about Apartment for rent in binh thanh district from our website. We hope you will choose your appropriate and convinient apartment for working and living in binh thanh district.
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This version of the Green Earth Pan features a textured ceramic cooking surface designed to prevent food bonding for superior non-stick performance. The elevations of the textured cooking surface also create air pockets which distribute heat underneath food to enhance cooking performance.
Conventional non-stick cookware is achieved through a coating of PTFE (PolyTetraFluoroEthylene), a synthetic substance that has waxy properties. At very high temperatures, PTFE begins to decompose and release fumes which are documented to be lethal to birds and small pets, and which can be harmful to humans. In addition, traditional pans incorporating PTFE are manufactured with the aid of PFOA (PerFluoroOctanoic Acid), which the EPA has classified as a 'persistent pollutant of the environment'.
With the Green Earth Pan's GREBLON ceramic from Germany, even under high temperatures, no harmful toxic fumes are ever released into the environment. This is because the Green Earth Pan utilizes a 100% ceramic coating derived from nature - not from a laboratory. The Green Earth Pan's ceramic coating is completely free of PTFE and PFOA. The Green Earth Pan's natural ceramic coating is also far more durable and scratch-resistant than other non-stick surfaces. With better non-stick properties, the Green Earth Pan allows you to cook with as little as half the amount of oil normally used, and it makes cleaning a breeze.
The Green Earth Pan by Ozeri is made of the highest quality anodized aluminum that allows for even cooking and fantastic browning without the risk of hot spots. It boasts a magnetized bottom for rapid heat transfer on induction stoves, and a heat resistant silicone coated handle. Your satisfaction is guaranteed.
- Innovative textured pan surface delivers unprecedented non-stick performance without releasing harmful fumes or toxins at high temperatures. Handles are oven safe to 180° C or 356° F
- Scratch-resistant 100 percent ceramic coating that is super easy to clean
- Durable heavy-gauge pure aluminum with no heavy metals or harmful chemicals quickly and evenly distributes heat throughout the pan
- Boasts a comfortable heat resistant silicon coated handle, and a magnetized induction compatible base for rapid heat transfer
- Fully coated rivets for easy clean-up