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Formula 1 drivers will have to adhere to a stricter definition of the "one move" defensive rule starting at this weekend's Korean Grand Prix as part of a process that is likely to put it formally into the sporting regulations next year.
There is currently no official definition in the rules about what constitutes a legitimate defensive move, with the matter currently only governed by Article 16.1 of the Sporting Regulations. This article states that drivers can be punished for causing an "incident" – which includes if he has "illegitimately prevented a legitimate overtaking maneuver by a driver."
The FIA's Sporting Code also states that: "maneuvers liable to hinder other drivers, such more than one change of direction to defend a position, deliberate crowding of a car beyond the edge of the track or any other abnormal change of direction, are strictly prohibited."
Despite the "one move" rule being mentioned in the rules, there is no proper definition of what it constitutes – and what a driver can do after he has used his single maneuver. However, there is an unwritten rule that if a driver returns to the racing line after blocking the inside of a corner, he must leave enough space for his rival on the outside.
Although enforcement of the one move rule has worked for many years, the issue was thrust back into the spotlight at the Italian Grand Prix when Michael Schumacher vigorously defended his position against Lewis Hamilton. Despite not being given a penalty for what some believed was driving that pushed the limits of the regulations, there were times when he was reminded by race control to leave enough space for Hamilton.
Following the Monza events, moves were made to re-examine the one-move rule, and it has subsequently been approved by the FIA Sporting Working Group that it should become a part of the regulations.
With input from the Grand Prix Drivers' Association to put together a rule that the drivers are happy with, sources have confirmed that the one move rule will now be put forward for ratification by the FIA World Motor Sport Council so that it can be put into the 2012 F1 Sporting Regulations. The wording will confirm that drivers can make one move to defend their position, and must then leave at least one full car's width of asphalt on the outside (which does not include the curb) if they return to their racing line.
Even though this definition is not yet in the regulations, it is understood that the FIA will adopt this viewpoint as a benchmark from this weekend's event in Korea.
As well as the tougher interpretation of the one move rule, race stewards have also been reminded in Korea that they are able to add reprimands to any penalties handed out in races. With fresh scrutiny on driver punishment after Hamilton's recent spate of drive-through penalties, the FIA now reserves the right to start adding reprimands to other punishments, such as drive-throughs, in races if offenses are deemed to warrant it.
With F1 operating a "three strikes" system whereby drivers can be handed grid penalties after getting three reprimands, it means that serial offenders now run the risk of facing further sanctions.
Article 18.2 of the Sporting Regulations states: "Any driver who receives three reprimands in the same championship season will, upon the imposition of the third, be given a 10 grid place penalty at that event. If the third reprimand is imposed following an incident during a race, the 10 grid place penalty will be applied at the driver's next event. The 10 grid place penalty will only be imposed if at least two of the reprimands were imposed for a driving infringement."
The discussion about these extra reprimands came up as part of talks in the SWG looking into the possibility of a points system being used on superlicenses, whereby drivers could face ran bans if they accrue too many offenses. This did not garner much support, but will be discussed further in the future.


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A collection of news and information related to Regal Entertainment Group published by this site and its partners.
Top Regal Entertainment Group Articles
Displaying items 45-55
Movie Projector: Brad Pitt vs. 'Lion King,' 'Dolphin Tale' for No.1
Story | Sep 22, 2011 | 4:33 PMFour new films will open at the box office this weekend: "Moneyball," "Dolphin Tale," "Abduction" and "Killer Elite." "Moneyball," a baseball movie starring Brad Pitt, and the family film "Dolphin Tale" have the best chance at selling the most tickets... -
Box Office: Pitt, Lautner beat by 17-year-old 'Lion King' [Updated]
Story | Sep 25, 2011 | 4:33 PMA 3-D version of the 1994 cartoon "The Lion King" was the No. 1 film at the box office for the second weekend in a row. The animated movie beat out four new films, including Brad Pitt's "Moneyball," the family film "Dolphin Tale," Taylor Lautner's... -
Theater owners blast Sony's decision to stop bankrolling 3-D glasses
Story | Sep 28, 2011 | 4:33 PMThe National Assn. of Theatre Owners, the country's largest trade group of exhibitors, has lashed out at Sony Pictures concerning its plans to stop footing the bill for 3-D glasses and pass the expense on to moviegoers. However, Sony may not be alone in... -
'Tower Heist' to hit video-on-demand three weeks after theatrical debut
Story | Oct 5, 2011 | 4:33 PMUniversal Pictures plans to make its upcoming Eddie Murphy action comedy film "Tower Heist" available through video-on-demand just three weeks after it debuts in theaters Nov. 4 for $59.99.... -
Cinemark theater chain to ban 'Tower Heist' over premium VOD plan
Story | Oct 6, 2011 | 4:33 PMCinemark, the nation's third-biggest movie theater chain, said Thursday it will not play the upcoming Eddie Murphy-Ben Stiller comedy "Tower Heist" in any of its nearly 300 theaters if Universal Pictures goes ahead with a controversial premium video-on-... -
Universal Pictures abandons 'Tower Heist' early VOD release
Story | Oct 12, 2011 | 4:33 PMUniversal Pictures has abandoned its controversial plan to make the movie "Tower Heist" available to consumers via video on demand just three weeks after it debuts in theaters.... -
Movie Preview: All's Faire in Love
Story | Oct 20, 2011 | 4:40 PMThis is the first film that Regal Entertainment Group, the nation's largest theater chain, is releasing to its theaters without relying on Hollywood to provide them with product. I like the idea of that. Studios are always trying to screw over the... -
Imax dispels report on pending sale to Sony
Story | Dec 31, 2010 | 4:32 PMImax Corp. knocked down a report on New Year's Eve that Sony Corp. was preparing to make a bid for the Canadian-based theater company. Shares of Imax rose as high as 20% on Friday following a report in Britain's Daily...... -
Regal to double number of RealD 3-D screens
Story | Jan 27, 2011 | 4:33 PMBeverly Hills movie technology company RealD Inc. is getting a big boost from the nation's largest theater operator. In an agreement announced Thursday, Regal Entertainment Group said it will double the number of RealD 3-D screens, to 3,000 from 1,500,...... -
Movie ticket prices reach new milestone
Story | Jan 28, 2011 | 4:33 PMIf you thought it was getting more expensive to go the movies, your hunch was right. The average ticket price at theaters in the U.S. last year rose to an all-time annual high of $7.89, up 5% from $7.50 in...... -
AMC and Regal forming new venture to acquire and release movies
Story | Feb 10, 2011 | 4:35 PMThe nation's two largest movie theater chains are about to encroach on Hollywood studios' turf. Regal Entertainment Group and AMC Entertainment Inc. are close to launching a joint venture to acquire and release independent movies, according to people...

subset: commoncrawl


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Click here to see a video of our Senior Surgeon and Medical Director Andrew Skanderowicz F.R.C.S. discussing the dermabrasion operation.
The Operation
Day of Dermabrasion Surgery
Important factors to be fully aware of before a dermabrasion operation are:
1. Driving
You will be able to drive home after a dermabrasion operation if it is performed under local anaesthetic but we thoroughly recommend that you are driven home by someone. If however it is performed under general anaesthetic you are recommended not to drive for at least 24 hours.
2. Eating & Drinking
Abstain from all food and drink (including sweets and water) for at least 4 hours before your dermabrasion operation.
Before dermabrasion surgery, the operating surgeon will answer any final questions/queries you may have about the dermabrasion procedure before taking preoperative photographs of the area to be treated.
The Dermabrasion Operation
A dermabrasion operation on small areas of skin usually takes less than 30 minutes and is performed under local anaesthetic. Large areas of skin are best treated under general anaesthesia and usually take between 30 and 45 minutes.
The surgeon uses a small wire brush (about 0.5 cm in diameter) connected to a dental drill. The rapidly rotating brush is passed over the skin producing a superficial graze. The surgeon varies the depth of the graze until the skin is uniform.
At the end of the dermabrasion procedure the treated area will be red and bleeding. Ointment is applied to the abraded area during the healing process.
To find out more about Dermabrasion, click on any of the links below:
Before The Dermabrasion Operation
After The Dermabrasion Operation
Dermabrasion FAQs
Dermabrasion Gallery
Click here to download Dublin Cosmetic Surgery Centre's "Guide to Dermabrasion"
Further Information about Dermabrasion can be obtained by reading our senior surgeon's latest book "Every Woman's Guide to Cosmetic Surgery". If you would like to purchase a copy, please click here.


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This is cloudy. He Crys alot. Animals
Artist description:
This is Cloudy.He crys alot.When he does he puffs out clouds!
Created Oct 07, 2012. Unless noted Copyright 2012
Kirina .
We encourage you to submit a comment and let the artist know what you think of this drawing. Please log in or join to post a comment.


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Cake by Margarida | posted 694 days ago | 606 views | 0 times favorited | 0 comments |
This is a Luigi cake that my daughter and I made for a nine year old. She wanted Luigi to be on the cake with her two dogs. This was our first airbrushed cake (blue was everywhere). Luigi and the dogs are made out of fondant. It was very fun to make and she was so excited to get this cake for her birthday.
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saving things | saving things
Not until I turned forty did I start thinking about my senior years and the person I'd become. Actually, there was one time before, when I took a theater makeup course in college. For our midterm exam we had to transform our face into the eighty-year-old version of ourselves. That was sobering....


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Go Go Bike
20 Aug 2012
The little guy loves to go to SM Annex because of Go Go Bike Rental. It ain't that expensive but the five-10 minutes can be quite too short for the fun that the kids can have with this bike ride inside the mall. They require kids to wear a helmet for safety precaution. This one used by the little boy is like one of the hjc helmets for motorcycles that we saw from the online helmet shop. Since many of our friends have been looking for helmets these days especially those that are allowed and required for use with the implementation of the helmet law.
Anyway, I wonder if they can also have bike rides like this for adults this time. I do know a place in the city that offers ATV rides. Maybe that will do. But for your young kids this bike ride at the mall is already fun for them. My nephew also had a fun time riding this bike ride one time with our little boy. Hubby and I love seeing the little boy enjoying this bike ride every time he gets the chance to.


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Guaranteed weightloss. Eat whatever you want, as much as you want. The Serge Kreutz diet. Click here. (mar)
A purist's view would be that we all are equal, and should be equally rich, and that for everybody, all unfulfilled economic needs vanish, and we all live in eternal bliss, without unfulfilled desires.
Jan Garanoz
Last updated: December 08, 2011


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Today I visited Old Farm Garden Stone an outdoor garden shop which specializes in fountains, statuary and planters. Located in Koksilah, British Columbia just south of Duncan.
Very graceful fountains...
This has to be the most beautiful garden shop I have ever seen. It's romantic and enchanting with a very old world feel. Even though the shop runs parallel with the TransCanada Highway I immediately felt a calmness as I walked around the statutes listening to the water flowing through all the fountains.
Happy Gardening !


text: While the notion of mixing for probability measure preserving systems is well understood, there exist no definition of mixing that applies to general infinite measure preserving systems. We will talk about recent results on the asymptotic behaviour of the transfer operator associated with a large class of infinite measure preserving systems (including interval maps with indifferent fixed points). In this sense we provide a satisfactory definition of mixing for a large class of infinite measure preserving systems.


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December 21, 2013
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Meteorologist Adam Joseph worked for WSAZ for 4 years at the beginning of this century. Adam frequently visited schools and did feature stories on weather. He also was a major part of the First Warning Weather Team with Tony Cavalier. These days, Adam works in the city of brotherly love, Philadelphia. He sent us this message for his fans here in the Tri-State.
Adam says:
"Two years ago, I landed a job most dream of, yet I was losing the best thing going for me. I called West Virginia home for 5 years and enjoyed every day of it. Struggling to find a job out of college, the mountain state granted me the opportunity of breaking into television weather. Being a meteorologist is a dream I started striving for at the age of five. It surprised me how much I enjoy delivering the weather to you!
Delivering the news/weather, you see one side of the product. I never really thought about sitting on your side, on the couch, the dining room chair, or even the end of a bed. You trust us, we become part of the family without even knowing it. I want to thank you for several wonderful years! I miss the community, the people, and forecasting crazy weather in that part of the country. Today I am still forecasting, but just a little farther north. Philadelphia is a great city with a lot to take in. The weather is just as crazy, the people are just as great, and my schedule is pretty interesting. I forecast for the weekend evening broadcasts, do a segment called "Down At The Shore" every Friday in the summer along with "Adam's Adventures" (this is where I broadcast from the beach and try all water sports. Yeah they pay me for it!), I partake in a weekly web chat about weather called "Ask Adam", and I post video podcasts on our website explaining different weather phenomenons. One assignment even put me on the Regis and Kelly cruise where I broadcasted live from the ship and interview both Regis and Kelly. Every year I broadcast a hit from the Thanksgiving Day parade on ABC for Good Morning America.
It has been an exciting trip these last two years, but you know what? I miss my first home in television and frequently stop down to say hi to old friends. So, one day you may see me having dinner or running in Barboursville Park. Take care of yourself and always remember to enjoy today and everyday. AJ"
Catch up with Adam Joseph by watching his full interview. You can also send him your comments below.
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My left click button is not working for hp pavilian ze4900
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My Menus
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Simple Spinach and Red Bell Pepper PastaSO good! My husband had thirds :) I added spicy turkey sausage, mushrooms & fresh tomatoes.on Monday, October 08, 2012 |
Chicken Pot PieSo good! Husband and I both had seconds :) made exact recipe but used rotisserie chicken.on Thursday, October 04, 2012 |
Italian Sausage Baked ZitiI made this recipe tonight. SO good & a huge hit with my husband. I added garlic & used spicy turkey sausage.on Tuesday, August 28, 2012 |
Foil-Pack Chicken and Broccoli Dinner (15)Good! Used 1 cup water & frozen broccoli. Next time I'm going to marinate the chicken in something.on Monday, August 13, 2012 |
Slow Cooker Dijon ChickenSauce was too thick - added milk to thin out but it diluted the flavor.on Friday, August 03, 2012 |
Creamy Chicken PenneI made this for dinner last night. Great recipe. I covered the chicken with salt, pepper, garlic powder & red pepper flakes before I grilled it. Added a little flavor to the chicken. I will add this to favorites!on Thursday, July 26, 2012 |
Artichoke My ChickenI made this recipe for dinner tonight. It was super easy & a light meal for summer. I served it with salad & French bread but it would be great over rice. I will be making this again.on Wednesday, July 18, 2012 |
Muffi's Stuffed Pasta ShellsMade for dinner & my husband loved them! Great recipe.on Saturday, July 14, 2012 |
Ww Hearty Stuffed Bell PeppersMade last night. Great, easy recipe for stuffed peppers. Dinner for 4 people - under $10. Thanks for posting!on Thursday, July 12, 2012 |


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Summer Sailing 2013 Applications are available for download. Reserve your spot now.
We have updated our regatta schedule for 2013. These are the regattas that we plan to participate in as a group. Download the complete schedule here: 2013 Sailing Calendar
In 1953, the Fairhope Yacht Club won the Junior Lipton Regatta for the third year in a row. In 2010, 57 years later, it was captured again by the Fairhope Junior Yacht Club sailors. The Junior Lipton Regatta is the premier competition among kids 18 and younger in the Gulf Yachting Association. In 2010 16 yacht clubs from Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas competed for the trophy at the Gulfport Yacht Club in Mississippi. Fairhope was an...
For more information about joining the Fairhope Junior Yacht Club, please fill out the form below. You may also download our membership application here.


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Miss Pearl's Butter Pound Cake
Prep time
Cook time
Total time
This recipe is on a little card that has been passing around from cookbook to cookbook for years! I think it was one of my Grandma's friends but I'm really not sure. The only thing I am sure about is how good it is!! The fact that the first ingredient is 2 sticks of butter pretty much sums it up!
Author: Miss Pearl
Recipe type: Dessert
Serves: 12
- 2 sticks butter, softened
- ½ cup shortening
- 3 cups sugar
- 6 large eggs
- 3 cups cake flour
- 1 tsp baking powder
- ½ tsp salt
- 1 cup milk
- 2 tsp vanilla extract
- Cream the butter and shortening together in a large mixing bowl.
- Blend in the the sugar until it is nice and fluffy.
- Add the eggs one at a time until well combined.
- In another medium bowl, sift the dry ingredients and whisk together.
- Alternate adding the dry ingredients and the milk to the butter mixture.
- Stir in the vanilla and pour into a greased bundt or tube pan.
- Bake at 350 degrees for 1 hour and 20 minutes. Cool on a wire rack before serving.


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My co-RGE blogger Edward Hughsome days ago wrote a compelling piece on why the IMF's decision to agree a Latvian bailout program without devaluation was a mistake. He doesn't mince words: Sticking to the present currency peg, Edward maintains, constitutes "virtually the unjustifiable" according to "the implicit consensus among thinking economists."
I happen to be the IMF's mission chief who over the six weeks before Christmas led the discussions on the Latvian program. (And I also consider myself a thinking economist.) Let me therefore explain what considerations went into our decision to support for the Latvian authorities' strong preference for a program built around the present currency peg. Along the way, I will also try to dispel Paul Krugman's and Edward Harrisons' claim that Latvia is the new Argentina..
Before I get started, I would agree with much of Hugh's analysis of what has gone wrong in Latvia. The post-EU accession boom, fueled by rapid credit and wage growth, brought Chinese-style growth rates but led to an overheated economy (a point made by the IMF as early as 2005). The bubble burst in mid-2007, when foreign banks slowed their lending, and output has been decelerating ever since. The global financial crisis, by triggering the liquidity problems at Parex (the country's second largest bank) dealt the final blow. As Edward rightly points out, the underlying problems go deeper, notably a loss of competitiveness (wage growth exceeded productivity and most resources went into non-tradables) and large stock vulnerabilities (the private sector built up high external debt, much of it short term).
The IMF-supported program addresses both the short-term liquidity problem–by providing official financing at low interest rates–and the long-term issues associated with an overvalued real exchange rate and the private sector's debt overhang. Where I disagree with Edward Hugh, Paul Krugman and others is that the latter can only be addressed by nominal devaluation. The alternative route to external balance, adjustment via factor prices, may be drawn-out and painful. But at this point in time it corresponds more to the circumstances in Latvia than meets the eye from blogsphere. Here are nine reasons why.
First and foremost, this is the Latvians' program. So even if we at the IMF were to favor a devaluation (which we aren't), a program without national ownership would be doomed to fail. Edward believes that the Latvian's very strong consensus in favor of the peg is misguided because it is rooted in misinformation. Based on my experience in Latvia, I don't agree. The policymakers there are keenly aware of the choice they face. Why else would the Latvian parliament, with votes from the opposition, approve a supplementary budget that entails 7 ppt fiscal adjustment, including a 25 percent wage cut for all public servants? When he presented the program to parliament, Prime Minister Godmanis could not have been more explicit about the alternatives and the sacrifices ahead. I myself spoke to the national tripartite commission (government, employer and employee associations) and I can only say that these people know what sticking to the currency peg will entail.
Secondly, a devaluation in Latvia would have severe regional contagion effects, especially given the fragile global funding environment. The spill-overs could well go beyond pressures on countries with fixed exchange rate in the Baltics and South-East Europe. For example, market confidence in foreign banks invested in the Baltics and similar countries would likely be affected, with implications for their ability to access wholesale financing
This is why, thirdly, Latvia's preference for the peg is strongly supported by all foreign stakeholders, including the EU and its Nordic neighbors. They have put their money where their mouth is, providing three quarters of the total financial package of EUR 7.5 billion that backs the peg. In a remarkable show of solidarity, three new EU member states—the Czech Republic, Poland and Estonia—also contributed. The Swedish, Danish and Norwegian banks operating in Latvia are doing their part by publicly committing to support the liquidity and capital needs of their Baltic subsidiaries. Given the long-term bricks and mortar investments made in the region, it seems unlikely that they will cut their losses and pull out, as Japanese banks did during the Asian crisis.
Fourth, a devaluation would not significantly reduce Latvia's external financing needs. While it would shrink the current account deficit further, private sector roll-over rates might not improve because the higher external debt to GDP ratio would likely result in credit agency downgrades to junk status and trigger the immediate repayment of most syndicated loans. Once unhinged, the peg may come under speculative pressures again and even larger external financing may be needed to credibly defend it at its new level.
Fifth, and now I turn to the internal adjustment discussed by several bloggers, there are advantages to a U-shaped adjustment via factor price compression over the V-shaped recovery that is often associated with a devaluation. (We estimated that a 15 percent devaluation, through the associated balance sheet effects, would have suppressed growth in 2009 by another 2 ppt, but led to a faster recovery in 2010) As Mary Stokes points out, devaluation—depending on its size—would lead to a wave of defaults in a concentrated period of time. Latvia's banks (both domestic and foreign) and its legal system are at this point not prepared for such a shock. By drawing out the likely rise in bankruptcies and nonperforming loans, the authorities have bought time to improve the country's insolvency regime, strengthen banks' capital base and allow private debt restructuring. The program contains a host of measures to address these deficiencies as a matter of urgency.
Sixth, as again nicely argued by Mary, it is questionable whether a devaluation would quickly boost exports, given the global environment and the structure of its exports. Moreover, Latvia is a very small open economy and many of its retailers operate across in all three Baltic states and set uniform prices (for all three countries) in euros. The pass-through would be high and and the effect on the real exchange rate small. Re-orienting the economy towards tradables will require structural reforms which are envisaged in the program.
Seventh, Latvia has a very flexible economy, especially a quite nimble labor market. Wage cuts up to 25 percent may seem large, but let's not forget that this comes after the tripling of nominal wages during 2001-07 (doubling in real terms) and that most of it will be accomplished by cutting bonuses of up to five monthly salaries. Latvia once before went through such factor price adjustments while maintaining its peg, during the Russian crisis in 1998. While circumstances may differ now, this experience suggests that it could do so again, especially in an environment where reduced employment options in the EU make emigration less attractive than a few years ago.
Eight, the large-scale fiscal adjustment under the program is in line with experience of successful such episodes elsewhere and therefore provides some assurances that it will not undermine the currency peg. Despite the pro-cyclical withdrawal of stimulus, budget restraint is needed to support real devaluation, reduce financing needs and make room for the additional fiscal costs of bank restructuring. Roughly one third of the adjustment comes from revenue measures (increases in indirect rather than direct taxes to support wage deflation) and two thirds from cutting expenditures (wages and spending on goods and services). It was important to us at the IMF and the authorities that the 2009 budget fully protects two essential expenditure categories: cofinancing of EU-supported capital projects and social spending, which is set to increase as a share of GDP compared to 2008. The program also contains institutional reforms to put the expenditure reduction on a permanent footing.
Finally, Latvia has a clear exit strategy from its currency predicament: euro adoption. The authorities are determined to meet the Maastricht criteria in 2012. As I argued in a blog last year ("Avoiding the Portuguese trap"), entering the euro zone will not do away with the hard lifting necessary to address the competitiveness problems and high external debt. But it would once and for all remove the threat of a devaluation and thus bring much-needed investor confidence.
Latvia is at a crossroad. It needs to engineer a fundamental reorientation of its economy at a time when the global economy is in crisis. I concede Edward's "biggest condemnation" (as he puts it) that, at least in the short term, the program does not contain policies to stimulate the economy. But, as I argued above, a devaluation would in the present circumstances unlikely deliver such a stimulus and may in fact make matters even worse. With fiscal policy constrained, sticking to the peg and toughing it out seems to be the only option for now, as long as the time is used to implement structural reforms the improve the financial system and reorient the economy towards exports. This is not to deny that this course of entails risks, not least a deflationary spiral or a fading of the present political determination to achieve the adjustment by fiscal, structural and income policies. In my view, these are risks worth taking, for Latvia's and the region's sake.
Christoph Rosenberg
29 Responses to "Why the IMF Supports the Latvian Currency Peg"
Anonymous • January 6th, 2009 at 8:34 am
I understand your argument, but being an expat living here for 9 years and having a feel for what is going on from the man on the street as well as the business community. I have great concerns. Given all the technical analysis based on Latvia's economic situation the numbers may seem to work given the country follows the prescribed financial diet.I do not see it happening, for instance a very large Restaurant group 14 Restaurants in Riga, has cut staff and raised prices. Not just the 3% added VAT but added around 8-10% thinking they need to make up for lost revenue from year on year sales. Simple items that were in December cost 12LVL are now 16LVL. So both the large and small business are cutting back on staff, salaries, and raising prices because their estimation of revenues must be met. The average Latvian has no idea what the term deflation is and deflation in my opinion will run rampant by the end of the year. Here the Mantra is better to sell fewer items at more profit than to sell by quantity and value. This will result in the crisis continuing for much longer? The same attitude from the businesses is if there were devaluation they would just raise the prices to the same level as prior to devaluation. Catch 22. This attitude is one that only the pain of this crisis will change but it will be long and drawn out as change is difficult here and new ways of thinking about business is not sought.The young people are looking to leave Latvia for Ireland the UK etc. anywhere there will be a higher wage. The outlook is bleak at best and I feel there is not enough thought put towards what may happen in terms of a return to a more black economy as businesses struggle to survive in a young fiscally naïve population.When the Banks need to show on their balance sheets their property assets that have dropped 20-40%. Literally what cost 2000 Euro per square meter in July 2008 can now be had for 1200 Euro and the prices keep dropping.Needless to say Latvia has a tough road ahead but I hope those making policy and will be able to adapt quickly to the circumstances that will show themselves by mid-year.
Anonymous • January 6th, 2009 at 11:25 am
Having seen how prices in Latvia have risen in the last two years, I will not be visiting again. Tourism is important for most countries. Devaluation is a way forward to encourage foreign visits
Anonymous • January 6th, 2009 at 12:08 pm
Latvia is quite a poor democracy if compared to other EU countries (the corruption level is as well quite high), therefore, I think, the risks that the political determinations could fade or at least these would not work for the well-being of the whole society are higher if compared to other countries in Europe. The increase in unit labour cost over the recent years made the entrepreneurs in this country less competitive (to a great extent) and the situation could be worsening now when some neighboring countries like Russia or Belarus have devaluated their currencies.
Anonymous • January 6th, 2009 at 4:01 pm
I have lived in Latvia 6 years. I was here through the boom and I warned people there would be problems coming. I have been following the situation very closely for years.It seems to me that this bailout is for the banks much more so than the people of Latvia. I can tell you that people are angry and I worry that things will get violent here.I also worry that police corruption will become a very serious problem. I know of many stories of the police harassing foreigners here and trying to extort money from them.The first commenter is right when he says that businesses are just raising pricing in effort to make the same amount of money. That is how people think here. I could give so many examples of this. As business decreases prices will continue to increase until the business simply fails. I think it will take a generation or more for things to change here.One other issue is that the government here is not very expat friendly if you are not from the EU. I personally know several very wealthy Americans that were planning to invest heavily in this region, but gave up after trying to deal with the immigration office. If you call the immigration office 3 times talking to 3 different people and ask the same question you will get 3 different answers. Most of the people there do not speak English very well (or at all). They treat you like you are a broke gypsy coming to Latvia to be saved and then the best part is they make you pay a relative fortune in taxes to stay here by requiring that even board members have a minimum salary that is more than double the average salary here and they increase the amount you must pay every 6 months. I could go on and on about the problems with immigration here.The bottom line is if someone comes here to invest and employ people the government should be welcoming them with open arms! They do not. You are even taxed on dividends differently if you are a foreigner than if you are a Latvian.Oh and one other complaint. If you have an Internet business in Latvia and you ship goods to someone inside the country they require you send that person a CONTRACT they must sign and return to you. If you do not do this then you can get in serious trouble with the tax authorities. If the person you send the goods to does not return the contract (most do not) then it's your problem. The damn tax authorities here need to get out of the stone age and enter the 21st century!Ugh… So much wasted potential. It's really pathetic.
AA • January 6th, 2009 at 5:24 pm
As a Latvian, I'm dissapointed about the fact that our govt. and currency was bailed out. As a chap intending to live here for some 70-80 more years my concerns are long-term.Firstly, crisis provided a long needed opportunity for improvement in critical thinking skills, understanding in basics of economics&finance of the general populace.Economic hardship is the best motivator to think, while happy borrow-and-spend times for a public not used to individual responsibility under Soviet occupation gave little incentive think ahead. National psyche needed correction.Secondly, I do believe that omnipresent high-level political corruption explains great share of unrealised potential in terms of productivity growth during last decade and will continue to impede the country for decades to come. Hence for long term investors I advise following the development of political culture. For the culture to move away from the current Italo-Russian oligarchy/plutocracy model to a more just Nordic model significant changes have to be made. I do believe they are possible. Un-bailed crisis would have provided an opportunity for a bigger leap..
raZbi • January 7th, 2009 at 3:16 am
Just one question to Christoph: what Latvia produces?
Vladimir • January 7th, 2009 at 4:36 am
With all the respect to the author's knowledge in macroeconomics and experience within IMF I still have to argue the decision taken. On my opinion this will lead to complete deterioration of the Latvian economy and will eventually call for devaluation under even more unfavorable conditions, than today. I will address all the nine points one by one:1. When you bail out someone it is your program, not theirs. And it is up to you to ensure, than the proper measures will be taken, if you hope to get your money back. Our current leader's lack knowledge in economy (they do not understand what will happen and thus their opinion and commitment should be ignored). The program, designed in 10 days (by lawyer and kolhoznik) cannot be considered neither reliable nor the most effective. It should be IMF's task to offer such a programs to countries. (You monitor the country, and have plenty of time and resources to provide at least the general terms).2.The region is already in trouble because of the peg (you should not hold the peg if you do not enter euro zone in next 2 years), and by saving Latvia you just increase the future problems for our Baltic neighbors (they will save the peg instead of abandoning it and become even more uncompetitive).3. This is true – Scandinavian banks have more than 1.2 billion lvl in their Latvian banks capital, not speaking about credit portfolio. Devaluation – is a direct loss. You can hide (to some extend) loss from credit portfolio, but not from currency revaluation. So, it is much cheaper for them to give Latvia credit line (which should be paid back btw), than to allow currency to be devaluated and bear direct loss by themselves (Sweden has to continue saving SWEDBANK and SEB and local losses most probably will be covered by Swedish government).4. That is pure theory. We have to create added value, something that can be sold either locally, or internationally. The fastest way to reestablish local competitiveness is devaluation. (That will make us eat local potatoes, and not the imported goods). Then we will generate money to pay international dept. The help we need here is debt restructuring. (Replacing dept to banks with debt to IMF, World Bank, etc.)5. 25% cut in salaries + higher taxes + high costs of utilities (for example natural gas costs are up 70% from 1st of October and will not drop at least till 1st of July) will trigger bankruptcies as fast as 15% devaluation (if not faster). We will need to restructure mortgages anyway (may be a good approach could be to enforce conversion of all private debt in local currency and veto on any non LVL credits, combined with fixed rates 5-6% at the most). As for the legal system, you cannot let it get to courts. You have to come up with alternative solution anyway. For example, you can make those people, who cannot deal with the payments rent the flats instead and give the ownership of this flats to the specially created vehicles (with a buy back option for 20 years). The main point is that you do not need too much timeto work out such a system (and to buy this time by increasing debt is not an option on my point of view).6.This is true, but current solution creates unfavorable conditions for investors and this definitely will not stimulate GDP growth. With devaluation there still is a chance………….7. This is bull shit (sorry). What is flexible? When a huge amount of money was injected in local economy easily increased, especially real estate sector. But what is happening now? Capital outflow destroyed real estate, and nothing new appeared to take this place. So what flexibility are you talking about?8. There is nothing I can say about this, but just a single word – ARGENTINA. Please review carefully 1999-2002 developments supervised by IMF………9. You are right. But investors can hedge, you probably know that? And they prefer to invest in opportunities (which are also created by devaluation). I am not an investor myself, but i do not believe, that the main driver for investor is: "My currency risks are fully protected!!!"
Vlad • January 7th, 2009 at 6:27 am
Great to see that IMF officials that make or break my country's destiny have a blog!I think most people who are for devaluation do not understand what are the Latvian problems to begin with. Everybody in Latvia (that is private persons) holds debt in EURO. This is for many reasons, but mostly because the EURIBOR rate is much more attractive than RIGIBOR (>10%). With RIGIBOR at such a high rate, even financially educated people have no other choice but to have their mortgages in EURO. Banks were very active in providing mortgages over the last 5 years and majority of professionals have no savings and a loan of around 30-40% of the income. Those people have good salaries, they are financially stable, but only if (1) they still have a job, which is difficult in the current times, and (2) the peg continues to hold.If the peg is taken out, the devaluation will bring together a wave of defaults, and as bankruptcy courts is something completely new to people, a lot of normal working people are looking at the double whammy – losing a job and losing all belongings. The wave of defaults will then provoke another bank run, where some well known Scandinavian banks will try to get rid of the real estate that's constantly falling in value.The idea that devaluation will bring prosperity by making exports cheaper and imports dearer is Econ101 statement, that will just not work in the Latvian situation – considering relatively high labor mobility and the dependence of Latvian economy on imports. The EU accession was supposed to bring higher inflation to Latvia, and there should be no economist who is surprised by double digit inflation growth, given that we import energy, we increased taxes in line with EU and we have lower barriers for labor mobility outwards and a tight close policy on immigration.With regards to the price/value levels in Latvia – it has become awful in the recent times, and those who can't adjust will go away painfully. The efficiency in Latvia is one of the worst and there is no export strategy or even perception of what Latvia is good at.Latvian "economic miracle" was merely mass access to cheap scandinavian money and a resulting real estate bubble that made lots of people crazy reach or just crazy. Now, to solve it government needs to ensure that we have some real economy to back us up in the difficult times, measures similar to what Russia is introducing now.
Anonymous • January 7th, 2009 at 11:04 am
> "I think most people who are for devaluation do not understand what are the Latvian problems to begin with. Everybody in Latvia (that is private persons) holds debt in EURO."This is well understood Vlad. I still think a gradual devaluation of the Lat would have been better for the country than the route we are going now. Clearly the government is hoping to limp into the Euro and they think things will be miraculously better then. All you have to do is look at Greece to see that being in the Eurozone doesn't automatically mean you are safe. The Euro is going to be under a lot of pressure the next few years and I won't be surprised to see countries LEAVE the Eurozone.
Anonymous • January 7th, 2009 at 11:06 am
This bailout was to prop up Swedish banks at the expense of the Latvian people because the West is scared if they don't do it then these problems will spill into their countries. This is not the EU helping Latvia. It's the opposite.
Anonymous • January 7th, 2009 at 11:53 am
One further point: Krugman and his ilk, not the IMF, are now the ones advocating one-size-fits-all policies, by clamoring for a devaluation every time a fixed XR regime faces speculative attacks. That strategy would only further encourage those same attacks, on Latvia and others, in the future.
Cynic_ • January 7th, 2009 at 12:34 pm
The most interesting and I'd said, amazing thing in the whole "Latvia begging the IMF" saga is the fact of complete absense of any notion of deregulation&privatisation. Actually what IMF, WB and other lenders do now is salvaging the current system which is illiberal both politically and economically. As a matter of fact, international wellwishers&money-givers supply means to preserve the status quo indefinitely. While saving LVL-to-EUR peg was a sine qua non for sheer survival of the general population, the rest of the bailout package's content is a life raft dropped pointedly to governing clique.Economy is and will remain stiffled by the red tape. The role of public sector in the absense of deregulation&privatisation will grow (as it did for the last 5-7 years), further sapping the strength from private sector. And by _public sector_ I mean not schools&hospitals, but state- or municipally-owned commercial enterprises.Hell, Latvia have a lot of thing to sell, thus avoiding completely or at least making less acute its need for IMF&Co financing. Shares in two major national telecoms and national airline, fully publicly-owned railroad, three major seaports, heating, water, utility and transport companies in every city, town and hamlet, two airports, national energy company, state forrests (the single-largest ownership in the region), plenty of state-owned companies dealing with such unstately affairs like road repair and construction…With assets like these who in the world needs IMF? It's obvious why government never dared to even speak the word "privatisation". All these companies are the power and money-supply base for governing elite, who brought the country to present sorrow state and now tasked to save it. But the position of IMF in this regard has no reasonable explanation.Privatisation would not only bring in some hard currency needed to support the lats, but it would make the economy as a whole much more competitive just because new private owners would not tolerate nightmarishly wasteful management of these state-controlled "enterprises".Actually, in a certain sense Latvia is much more socialist country than Lukashenka's Belarus. And, thanks to IMF&Co benevolence and its willingness to turn a blind eye towards real reasons for Latvia's near-miss with default, will remain like this… The chance for __real__ structural reform was flushed down the drain.
Guest • January 8th, 2009 at 4:58 am
This shows the diffrence in theorethical approach and practical understanding of the situation!
Guest • January 8th, 2009 at 5:33 am
Interesting thoughts. Some of them unfortunately factually so wrong that will damage also the rest of the opinion. "Capital outflow" destroyed real estate. What capital outflow? Have banks closed down or left the country. Have there ever been short-term portfolio investments (in significant size)? Please look the total growth of bank lending closely from the 2000 till today. Very closely please look year 2008. In the environment where economy is contracting at 5% annual rate (if not quicker) it is miracle that total lending has not collapsed but even increased.
Vladimir • January 8th, 2009 at 6:46 am
Capital outflow means that money are taken away from the system (by eastern neighbores that take away deposits from local banks, by scandinavian banks that repatriate money and by locals who use their savings to support day to day expenses). As for the lending, when you look at lending growth you have to understand, that it is already restructuring + capitalizing of interest and penalties. Banks have stopped credit real estate since late 2007 (the only exception was transferring mortgage from one bank to another hunting for lower rate, which now also stopped due to drop in real estate price).
Anonymous • January 8th, 2009 at 10:33 am
such a shame Latvians can't be more forward thinking, I'm in the property business in the uk Romania and (unfortunately) Latvia. when the xxxx hits the fan part of the test is how educated are people about the economy and general matters, I feel most (but not all) working Latvians are greedy, lazy uneducated -or more to the point with a soviet style work in the factory mentality- and unable to deal with what horrible fate awaits them this year….unlike Romanian people that are educated business minded people.. I wonder what will happen to all the Latvian girls that survived using one or more guys to support them? wish I could sell my flats and get out but I doubt its possible.
Anonymous • January 8th, 2009 at 2:03 pm
I know many Latvian girls here whose "rich" (by local standards) boyfriends have lost everything. So many girls here are hunting for guys with money now…
Latvian • January 10th, 2009 at 10:13 am
As a Latvian reading the commentary I can see problem for all the analysts. There is already quite a stock of the analysis of Latvia's situation from macro perspective. But as you should know, every theory is based on some key assumptions. The problem is that those assumptions do not include following:1. Corruption is prevalent in most of the government institutions and controlled entities. Every area of economy is divided among interest groups behind political parties. They have silent pact not to intervene in each other territories. The ministries in government are divided on the political principles. This is allocation of the sacred cash cows for political elite. If you consider government decision for cuts, it does not take into account efficiencies and inefficiencies of individual institutions. Rather it takes one-size-fits-all approach. The reasons are mainly two – first is tiny capacity of government management resources and second it would be "unfair" to cut more from one political group than other.2. If you consider the structure of Latvia's GDP and exports, you can easily see that we are not able to attain or sustain current account other than negative. We don't have many current industries that would gain from increased competitiveness. Government do not have any real sense what is the industries that would bring much needed growth.3. Our education system is very largely outdated. Most of the students are working in parallel. The higher education is just a formal tick mark for CVs. It is perceived as such by students and by lecturers. Poor education means poorly skilled employees.4. Our votes can be easily bought. We have a 3-6 month memory of any scandal perpetuated by political elite. After this period most of them buy their image with best PR and advertising available in Latvia.5. There is lack of new wave politicians since no one can succeed without backing and money from current corrupt elite. People are disillusioned to step up since all the money is held by narrow political elite. Money determines elections here (and in US). Even if there is some bright new politician coming on the stage, nobody believes him. Everybody in politics is suspected of fraud and backing some of the interests. The distrust of politics is unbelievably high. It is depressing.6. State Revenue Service is like KGB – unreasonable and full of power.I could go on with some more micro reasons but it is not the point. Latvia need painful bleeding so we are forced to make structural, political changes needed. Otherwise it is just redistribution of the wealth.
Anonymous • January 12th, 2009 at 2:42 pm
The comment by "Latvian" is spot-on concerning the structure of the endemic corruption in the government.It is hard to assess what percentage of the IMF funds will by siphoned off – 20-50% I suppose. And who knows if the money that actually goes through to the real cost of a project is being spent in a useful way.Is it reasonable to put the next generation in hock with the current corrupt government stealing borrowed money?There is a lot of talk about strong oversight of the IMF money. You have to realize that the political elite have made an artform of making papers to disguise their theft. A forensic accountant would go crazy trying get hard proof that could be used in court.There is a large government protest coming. Hopefully the bums will be thrown out, but I am not holding my breath.Latvian resident
Anonymous • January 13th, 2009 at 4:36 pm
The protest was today and it turned into a full scale riot here! Tear gas, blood in the streets, riot police…Photos here: http://foto.delfi.lv/album/18577/
Anonymous • January 15th, 2009 at 4:56 am
There is, in fact, an additional argument supporting the IMF line. Even if devaluation were a good idea in principle, it clearly is not indifferent in which conditions it is carried through. Krugman himself writes in his latest book that, when devaluating, is is crucial to keep in mind that "immediately following the devaluation, you must give everysignal you can that everything is under control, that you are responsible people who understand the importance of treating investorsright, and so on. Otherwise the devaluation can cristallize doubtsabout your economy`s soundness and start a panic." Well, in view of what is happening at present, that is a very tricky rule to follow.
Guest - Smaka • January 19th, 2009 at 2:59 am
The IMF present programm is just an utopy. Neither there is such a political consensus over the programm nor public acceptance. The key issue is Swedish banks which will be forced to enormous write-offs if the devaluation will happen and a lot of loan contracts will go to force majeure state.
Anonymous • January 29th, 2009 at 5:06 am
As a feline living in Ukraine, I can sum up the author's rationales in one sentence: "devaluation of the Lat would sink several Swedish banks, therefore we could not devalue."Everything else the author wrote is just enabling.
bsetser • February 1st, 2009 at 1:57 pm
Christoph — are there examples of successful real adjustment in the context of a hard peg through fiscal contraction that you would point too? the usual problems are:a) the adjustment is slow, and it is hard to fill the financing needs associated with the adjustment (especially if depositors in the crisis country start to move funds offshore). investors don't like filling large financing needs in the context of a contraction.b) the political consensus usually is such that there is neither a consensus in the early stages of a crisis in favor of moving off the peg or for the kind of nominal wage cuts that really are needed to bring about the needed real depreciation, especially when the "pain" from nominal wage cuts isn't necessarily evenly distributed.one final question, or perhaps suggestion — you mentioned strengthening bankruptcy regimes to deal with rising foreclosures and the like, and argued slow adjustment has the virtue of allowing time to strengthen various national institutions. true enough. but if real debt values are doing up as nominal wages are falling but nominal debt isn't and collateral values are falling too, isn't there some merit to a program that allows a general reduction in nominal household debts as well as strengthening enforcement of contracts? how does the program envision dealing with the internal debt overhang?p.s. i take your point that the new IMF cannot force countries to adopt a policy program that they don't own, but of course the real question is whether the IMF finances those programs or not …
G.Jacobsen • February 25th, 2009 at 2:24 am
Christoph*s comments are spot-on. I would only add that Latvia should adopt the Euro now.Even a unilateral adoption, without EU approval, of the Euro is technically/financially possible due to the currency board regime. Adopting the Euro would provide further stability.Unfortunately the IMF program does not provide stability as it is dependent on politics. Therefore the devalutation threat still looms until the Euro is adopted.The threat of a devaluation deters investors and creditors/banks and encourages local companies to raise prices in anticipation of a devaluation.Also the threat encourages companies to sell Lats and hold funds in Euros. Due to the currency board regime any selling of Lats further decreases the monetary base and sends interest rates up.It is about time that the Latvian central bank and the Latvian government admit publicly and loudly the obvious, namely that they lost completely control over monetary policy as the Swedish banks have effectively taken over the role as the central bank, due to their aggressive lending in Euros.The central bank has virtually no tools whatsoever as the economy is already largely eurorized.It would be extremely helpful if the EU and the IMF would facilitate a very swift transition to the Euro.Surely if the Kosovo and Montenegro can adopt the Euro, which are not even EU members, then Latvia should be able also. Whether it meets the Maastricht criterea is completely irrelevant in the current situation. Any further delay just aggrevates the situation.The recent Latvian downgradings by Fitch and S&P to junk status highlight that the IMF program changes little if credibility is not restored in the real economy. Adopting the Euro now is one of the necessary steps to achieve that.
Guest • March 18th, 2009 at 8:33 pm
Greetings from Riga .. well I could agree with quite a lot of issues discussed in the article, and currency peg, as it has huge non-economic rationales behind but: "Wage cuts up to 25 percent may seem large, but let's not forget that this comes after the tripling of nominal wages during 2001-07 (doubling in real terms) and that most of it will be accomplished by cutting bonuses of up to five monthly salaries" argument is completely not valid.Yes, nominal wages have tripled in some sectors (financial intermediation, real estate ect) but now they get cut independently of sectors, resulting in seriously harming education and health sectors, where people already used to work receiving salaries just enough for maintaining basic living standards for their families. Currently many rural schools and hospitals get closed, actually limiting the basic needs for people with already fewer opportunities. Our unemployment rates already have increased over 20% in several regions and combined with rapidly decreasing support for agriculture I can only say that I'm very lucky to live in capital, as I see very little development and growth perspectives in other parts of country in near future (and actually we can forget about any regional equality for a long time). I do not know many that capable nations as Latvians so it's, of course, not a question, if we'll somehow manage to come out of this crisis, but the 25% is not decrease in wages of the top government officials and people who tripled their income during the last decade or decrease in bonuses, last all have gone quite long ago. I would like IMF and EU to take more care of us – not forcing polices that make no sense for our country and economic situation and maybe considering that we joined EU and pegged out currency to Euro thinking that EU will to some extent also take responsibility of something more than Maastricht criteria.
G.Jacobsen • April 7th, 2009 at 12:57 am
Interesting:LONDON, April 6 (Reuters) – Struggling eastern EU members should switch to the euro without full euro zone membership, the Financial Times reported on Monday, citing an IMF reporthttp://uk.reuters.com/article/marketsNewsUS/idUKL649731120090406?pageNumber=1″ECB member Ewald Nowotny said unilateral adoption was legally impossible"I cant see anything in ERM accession contracts that would prevent Eurozone candidates from adopting the EUR as a parallel currency.By allowing banks to hold their minimum reserves at the central bank in Euros and also allowing companies to pay taxes etc. in Euros, countries can effectively adopt the Euro without going against the letter and spirit of the ERM contracts.Introducing the Euro as a parallel currency would effectively abolish national currencies as most economic entities would switch into the safer currency.
Golden Hildenbrand • June 10th, 2011 at 4:22 pm
This site seems to recieve a large ammount of visitors. How do you advertise it? It offers a nice unique spin on things. I guess having something useful or substantial to post about is the most important factor.
Microsoft chat • August 27th, 2013 at 5:03 am
It is strange that IMF has decided to agree a Latvian bailout program without devaluation was a mistake. This raised the eyebrows of few parties. Thanks for sharing this article with us and keep posting more updates in your blog.


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Tuesday, January 11, 2011
Indoor Fairy gardens! & How Bish came to be.
3 comments:
- Sharon Lovejoy said...
My dear Tammie,
I enjoyed this so much! Please check my posting of April 19, 2010-"Under the Pepper Tree," for an arched faerie door, shells, etc. in a fairy scape.
We collect acorn caps, birch cones, any mini natural things, and use them outdoors and indoors. My grands love this too. Such a wonderful way to grow imaginations.
Sending warm, green wishes across the miles,
Sharon Lovejoy Writes from Sunflower House and a Little Green Island - 12:02 PM
- The PURE Gardener, Inc. said...
Such a fabulous article :-) As I have said before be forewarned- when you plant one fairy garden/ home- they grow lonely and demand neighbors! Love to you~ Annette MacLean
PS I hope to add more special fairy items to our website during our downtime.
Enchanted blessings to you <3 - 12:28 PM
- The Unusually Unusual Farmchick said...
Thank you Sharon, I look forward to when the doors are stocked once again in their online shop.
Annette of Pure Gardener~Thank you for your kind comment. I hope I can talk the children into making one at a time to heed your warning. ;) Spread out the creativity somewhat.
I can not wait to see what is new! I am contemplating a Fairy garden for my dining room window where it would change with the seasons- I LOVED the tip on how to make your own fall leaves with the leaf punch. Genius use of natural items {& a kid occupying task}! - 4:43 PM


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text:
- August 28, 2012
- 6:53 a.m.
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Wait! I thought we didn't need no stinking Federal Money.
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General Rivera Refuses to Sail Away
Here's a three-minute video from last night's eventful party meeting in the Bronx, courtesy of county committee member attendee Janisian Fonseca.
Halfway through it, embattled Democratic County Leader Jose Rivera draws a lesson "from one my heroes" General Douglas MacArthur.
Amid a chorus of boos and shouts, Rivera said, Read More


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Free Online Dictionary
Babylon English English dictionary | Download this dictionary |
artificial sweetener
Wikipedia English The Free Encyclopedia | Download this dictionary |
Xylitol (; , xyl[on], "wood" + suffix -itol, used to denote sugar alcohols) is a sugar alcohol sweetener used as a naturally occurring sugar substitute. It is found in the fibers of many fruits and vegetables, and can be extracted from various berries, oats, and mushrooms, as well as fibrous material such as corn husks and sugar cane bagasse, and birch. Xylitol is roughly as sweet as sucrose with only two-thirds the food energy.
See more at Wikipedia.org... |
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Babylon German English dictionary | Download this dictionary |
xylitol, artificial sweetener
Babylon French English dictionary | Download this dictionary |
xylitol, artificial sweetener
NDIC Diabetes Dictionary | Download this dictionary |
xylitol (ZY-lih-tall)
a carbohydrate-based sweetener found in plants and used as a substitute for sugar; provides calories. Found in some mints and chewing gum.
Source: The National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC), NIH Publication No. 07–3016, October 2006 (About)
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Install native 64bit Flash Player 10 on Linux
EDIT 4 (14 July 2011): Adobe released Adobe Flash Player 11 beta 1 so i've wrote a tutorial on how to install adobe flash player 11 on linux 64 bit
EDIT 3 (17 Sept 2010): Adobe launched Adobe® Flash® Player "Square" so i've put together a tutorial on how to install adobe flash player square on linux
EDIT 2: Libflashplayer is now hosted on this site since Adobe killed the URL. It's not anything official or whatever, just a temp home
EDIT: updated the scripts to install the 64-bit Flash Player 10 alpha refresh for Linux that was released on February, 2010.
Adobe FINALLY released a native 64bit Flash Player 10 plugin. Although this is still an alpha release, the news is very exciting for Linux users, since we don't longer depend on nspluginwrapper, which although does the job, has it's drawbacks.
I have put together a small tutorial on how to install the native flash player 10 64bit plugin for linux.
#!/bin/bash # Script created by # Romeo-Adrian Cioaba firstname.lastname@example.com echo "Stopping any Firefox that might be running" sudo killall -9 firefox echo "Removing any other flash plugin previously installed:" sudo apt-get remove -y --purge flashplugin-nonfree gnash gnash-common mozilla-plugin-gnash swfdec-mozilla libflashsupport nspluginwrapper sudo rm -f /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/*flash* sudo rm -f ~/.mozilla/plugins/*flash* sudo rm -f /usr/lib/firefox/plugins/*flash* sudo rm -f /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/*flash* sudo rm -rfd /usr/lib/nspluginwrapper echo "Installing Flash Player 10" cd ~ # since adobe is not hosting libflashplayer anymore, the lib is downloaded from my site. # wget http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flashplayer10/libflashplayer-10.0.45.2.linux-x86_64.so.tar.gz wget http://www.myscienceisbetter.info/flash-player/libflashplayer-10.0.45.2.linux-x86_64.so.tar.gz tar zxvf libflashplayer-10.0.45.2.linux-x86_64.so.tar.gz sudo cp libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/ echo "Linking the libraries so Firefox and apps depending on XULRunner (vuze, liferea, rsswol) can find it." sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/ sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/xulrunner-addons/plugins/ # now doing some cleaning up: sudo rm -rf libflashplayer.so sudo rm -rf libflashplayer-10.0.45.2.linux-x86_64.so.tar.gz
You can now restart firefox
Some users seem to have problems with viewing this page, so i wrapped everything needed to install the native 64bit flash player on linux into a shell script. Grab the Ubuntu script here, chmod +x and execute it.
Thanks to Claudio de Taunay for providing a script that works in OpenSuSE 11. You can pick it up here.
Thanks to Homer Xing from the Ailurus project you can now install native flash player 64bit on Fedora. You can pick up the script here.
Let me know if you encounter any bugs.
the scripts to install in different distro:
Ubuntu: install native flash 64bit on Ubuntu
Fedora: install native flash 64bit on Fedora
OpenSuse: install native flash 64bit on OpenSuse
This article is translated to Serbo-Croatian language by Anja Skrba from Webhostinggeeks.com.
Thanks a lot…
The link used to download tar.gz package is not working already, need another way.
I am using Gentoo Linux.Thanks for such a great script. My neopets games work now
nice nice tutorial help me alot thanks
I needed to install the .so file into /usr/lib64/mozilla…. not /usr/lib/mozilla….
The Fedora Script installs into lib, not lib64
This is on a clean F13 machine.thanks a lot man.
Finally… thanks
Worked !!
Thanks a lot my friend, for your help!
Styl (Brazil)YOU ARE FANTASTIC!!! Daniel (Germany) thanks a lot!
I seem to remember there was a way to put it in the .mozilla directory and not need root to do this. I could just be misremembering this. Thanks for the how to though, I always forget the directory.
Thanks, it worked great!
gracias me hizo un parote tu ayuda ahora a disfrutar peliculas de youtube
found the 64bit version on Adobe's site… I haven't tried it since yours worked just fine for me, but thought I'd pass along the URL. Thx man!
Well absolutely NOT WORKING for me. I followed the above steps, and the flash player worked fine first time. But it is totally unreliable in that, 1 out of every 3 times I boot into my machine, the flash player does not work. For example, in youtube.com, when I right click on the video box, it says, 'Movie not loaded'. Unreliability is worse than failure of the player. Ain't it?
I don't have any other package related to flash other than the flashplayer square. I took notes of all other softwares running parallel to firefox to find out which one is clashing with the flashplayer. Still, I found the behavior to be random. Please discuss if yours stopped working after a while.Super thank you so much, I am first time user of unbutu and now it works but how do I do with google chome? please help
thx a lot for script…It's working perfectly.
thank you!!!!
thanks a lot..
Thanks a lot! I hope the firefox won't crash again.
By the way, there is an update of the plugin. ^.^
very nice, thanks
This was exactly what I needed. Thanks for sharing!
I'm using CentOS. I tried it with the fedora installer but it didn't work.
It says:
Linking the libraries so Firefox and apps depending on XULRunner (vuze, liferea, rsswol) can find it.
ln: target `/usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/' is not a directory: No such file or directory
ln: target `/usr/lib/xulrunner-addons/plugins/' is not a directory: No such file or directoryTHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (now, why don't you work for Ado…um NEVER MIND!!! :-d
Thanks for putting the instructions together.
There is this thing I don't understand. All the Flash Player comes as a .so file. I am not able to launch AIR apps. I think like, I need the executable version of the player rather than the .so. Any ideas?
Thanks.good job
great job
(This is my first time using Linux and installing this flash player was particularly a headache.)Doesn't work.
Thank u very much
You are proThank you so much!
I am rather new to Linux (or at least doing anything beyond regular windows things), so I just pasted the commands into openoffice and put them into the konsole and hoped for the best. It has worked marvellously, although I am unsure what happened to flash in the first place lol
I don't usually start and end a message with the same thing, but thank you!
worked for a bit in Trisquel 4.5 but crashed… and keeps crashing….
oh and you might want to update the flash file to the latest release… which is 10.3.181.14
The script worked like a charm! Thank you very much
Thank you very much for the script. I think you can add the following url to wget which is the newest version of flash player from Adobe.Otherwise browser will block (Chrome) execution.
wget http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flashplayer10/flashplayer10_2_p3_64bit_linux_111710.tar.gz
tar zxvf flashplayer10_2_p3_64bit_linux_111710.tar.gzHey,
Thanks for the awesome tutorial.
I am on ubuntu x64 using firefox 4 and chrome 12. I tried using the steps you mentioned. But it still shows me as using version 10,3,162,29.
Any ideas what I may be missing?
Many Thanks
many thanks!
New as of (16/08/2011) working fedora (works on CentOS 6 as well) script:
# Script created by
# Romeo-Adrian Cioaba firstname.lastname@example.com "Stopping any Firefox that might be running"
killall -9 firefoxecho "Removing any other flash plugin previously installed:"
yum remove -y flash-plugin gnash gnash-plugin swfdec swfdec-mozilla nspluginwrapper
rm -f /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/*flash*
rm -f ~/.mozilla/plugins/*flash*
rm -f /usr/lib/firefox/plugins/*flash*
rm -f /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/*flash*
rm -rfd /usr/lib/nspluginwrapperecho "Installing Flash Player 10″
cd /tmp
wget http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flashplayer10/flashplayer10_2_p3_64bit_linux_111710.tar.gz
tar zxvf flashplayer10_2_p3_64bit_linux_111710.tar.gz
cp libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/echo "Linking the libraries so Firefox and apps depending on XULRunner (vuze, liferea, rsswol) can find it."
ln -sf /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/
ln -sf /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/xulrunner-addons/plugins/# now doing some cleaning up:
rm -rf libflashplayer.so
rm -rf libflashplayer-10.0.45.2.linux-x86_64.so.tar.gzGets flash working for Firefox and Chrome.
/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins doesn't exist (Fedora 15)
Where I am supposed to put the lionk ?????
I am actually pleased to glance at this weblog posts which includes plenty of valuable information, thanks for providing these kinds of data.
Still works
Very thank you for you awesome work.It`s brillant.Greetings from germany.Martin


text:
Tips from Veteran Teachers: Please help :)
Hello, I am just about to graduate with my BS in Early Childhood Education. I'm leaning towards Kindergarten/1st grade. Does anyone have any good tips as far as finding a job as a fresh, new teacher? Maybe tips for my interviews? Or even how to stay organized and ready for my first year!
thanks to all who will be responding! I appreciate it!!!
Miss Short
In Topics:
School and Academics, Jobs/Careers
thanks to all who will be responding! I appreciate it!!!
Miss Short
> 60 days ago
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183 cm height, 122 kg weight (19 stone)
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My name is Shayla Murray. My height is 6'0" and my weight is 270 lbs. I checked the graph and the slot is not filled. Thank you, Shayla |
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text:
I've configured the RST/NMI pin to be a non-maskable interrupt.
The voltage on the RST/NMI pin is pulled down when I press switch S2, but the interrupt never occurs. I have set NMIIE.
Here is the example code which is pretty much the same thing I tried to implement in my code. Neither work.
Any ideas?
//******************************************************************************// MSP430G2xx2 Demo - Basic Clock, Configure RST/NMI as NMI//// Description: Configure RST/NMI as NMI, hi/lo edge. Flash P1.0 inside of// NMI_ISR if NMI occurs. General enable interrupt in status register does// not need to be set for NMI. NMIIE does need to be reset, as NMI_ISR// automatically clears NMI enable to prevent unintentional stack overflow// that could result from, bounce or uncontrolled NMI's.// ACLK = n/a, MCLK = SMCLK = DCO ~ 800k//// MSP430G2xx2// -----------------// /|\| XIN|-// | | |// --|RST XOUT|-// | |//// D. Dang// Texas Instruments Inc.// December 2010// Built with CCS Version 4.2.0 and IAR Embedded Workbench Version: 5.10//******************************************************************************#include <msp430g2452.h>void main(void){ WDTCTL = WDTPW + WDTHOLD + WDTNMI + WDTNMIES; // WDT off NMI hi/lo P1DIR |= 0x01; // Set P1.0 to output direction P1OUT &= ~0x01; // Clear P1.0 LED off IE1 |= NMIIE; // Enable NMI _BIS_SR(LPM0_bits); // Enter LPM0}#pragma vector=NMI_VECTOR__interrupt void nmi_ (void){ volatile unsigned int i; P1OUT |= 0x01; // Set P1.0 LED on for (i = 20000; i > 0; i--); // Delay P1OUT &= ~0x01; // Clear P1.0 LED off IFG1 &= ~NMIIFG; // Reclear NMI flag in case bounce IE1 |= NMIIE; // Enable NMI}
OK, so it seems to work if I'm not using the debugger. The red LED came on if I just plugged the board in and pressed the switch, but if the program is running in the debugger then it never lights up.
This is going to make it difficult to work on my code... I don't understand why it would happen like this.
Are you using the launchpad? Are you still in debug mode when running code?, may have to unplug RST jumper while testing.
Warning:Only use the NMI as a last resort, and only if it can be added last in development.You can not debug your code once it's set.You can not read its current state, your interupt routine would have to set flags etc.And noise on a mechinical switch will trigger false low-high-low signals,So use a hardware debouncer like this instead of the 47k pull-up resistor.(R1 & R2 = 20k, C = 2nF) http://www.ganssle.com/images/debouncerrc.jpg
Steven MillsOK, so it seems to work if I'm not using the debugger.
That is a correct behavior. You will not get the external NMI interrupt when the debugger is connected to the Target. This is because the debugger will have full control over the Target device and will effectively disable the external Reset/NMI.
Steven MillsThis is going to make it difficult to work on my code...
On way to get the NMI interrupt while the Target is attached to the debugger, is by manually setting the NMI interrupt Flag bit in the IDE.
Hope this helps, otherwise please let me know.


text:
Apple's iBeacon hits a home run with Major League Baseball while NFC strikes out
Major League Baseball is demonstrating how Apple's iBeacon technology can change the experience of going to a baseball game. The organization has outfitted Citi Field in New York (where the Mets play) with iBeacons that are designed to work with iOS 7 and MLB's At the Ballpark app, according to Mashable.
iBeacons - which work using Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) - help MLB to create "micro-locations within the stadiums" where At the Ballpark users get different information - pulling up your ticket barcode on the screen as you approach the gates, for example, and providing you with a map of where the tickets are located.
The same level of detail can't be provided using other services like GPS because GPS doesn't work well indoors, especially in large steel structures like baseball stadiums, according to the iOS developer for MLB. And because iBeacons can work up to 50 feet away, they're ideally suited for this sort of use, especially compared to Near Field Communication (NFC) technology, which requires a proximity of only a few inches. NFC is better suited for payment stations and other situations where you need to be directly near the the device.
The big question is when we're going to see this at other parks beyond Citi Field. The article paints iBeacon's use at ballparks around the country in broad strokes, but the developer says only that "a lot of teams have expressed interest in it so far."
Are you a Major League Baseball fan? Does this make you excited about showing up for games next season? Or does iBeacon seem like a solution in search of a problem? Tell me what you think in the comments.
Source: Mashable
There are 23 comments. Add yours.
NFC (No Freakin Chance) isn't happening. I'm looking forward to BLE Beacons becoming all the rage in the next 5 years.
this just seems like a way for the authorities to track whos in a stadium at any given time. or at least a trojan horse to do so
meh. NFC is already at every MLB stadium, as well as every NFL and NHL stadium.
For Point of Sale at a cash register.
Exactly. Financial transactions are one of those popular activities that most people are into, hence why NFC is everywhere. Only the luddites are being left out
So NFC strikes out...by being used in every stadium?
Yup. If i'm going to be forced to walk right up to the register I may as well just swipe my card.
Missing the point entirely. A technology cannot be a strikeout if in use in 30 stadiums, especially when compared to one in use in one.
BLE is great for some things, and bad at others. It may supplant NFC for some use cases, but the simple truth is, they are separate technologies, serving different purposes, and the headline (and comments) smack of little more than rah-rah cheerleading than an attempt to compare them.
Sent from the iMore App
So all those iPhone users I see at Starbucks paying by using their phone and not using their Starbucks Card, how come they just don't use their cards? It isn't even NFC.
Perhaps it is because you have to dig through your Wallet/Purse to use a card where more than likely you have your phone in your hand.
All of these things -- NFC, BLE, phone passcards, even credit cards as opposed to cash -- are about reducing friction. Where a technology decreases friction, it will be adopted. Where it does not (or increases, it won't.) For each:
BLE: Wide radius, but requires pairing. Great for places you visit frequently and/or have a more leisurely place, and for those that have a mobile service staff. Terrible for places that require lines, especially where a significant number of customers are not regulars and therefore may not be paired when they get to the front of the line. (Yes, BLE pairing is faster than standard BT, but it still requires the user to start it.)
NFC: Tiny radius, no pairing. Great for places with lines -- walk up, wave, and leave. Unusable for places where you would prefer to order from a location, and have people come to you.
Both the article and many commenters seem to want to case this as Apple/BLE good, NFC bad, but that is just silly from the commenters, and disappointing from the site. Look at what the technology does, and go from there.
BLE will be great at ballparks and certain types of sit-down restaurants. It will be good in high-end retail, where you could order something and have it brought out to you. Where there have to be lines -- fast-food, many standard retail shops -- it will be terrible, as the line bogs down from people who do not know (or forgot to) pair. NFC will be just the opposite.
Phone passcards like Starbucks are separate -- they compete more with NFC than BLE, because they require proximity but not pairing. They do require starting up an app (unless they have a location aware Passbook entry), so there is a teeny bit of friction there as opposed to NFC, but not much. More to the point, it does not look like Apple will support NFC anytime soon, so they will remain an attractive option for some time to come.
I think the iBeacon stuff is great and look forward to this becoming a standard all over, not just at Stadiums.
Is this so hard to grasp (why NFC isn't going to be the solution versus Bluetooth Beacons)?
I'm sitting in my local baseball park watching my team crush the enemy under a barrage of homeruns. I want a cold beer and a hotdog. Typically i'd wait and wave down the guy/gal that is vending them and do the old pass the money down the aisle and then i'd get my food passed down the aisle to me.
What if I could just pickup my smartphone …order my beer and dog and wait patiently for food to arrive. The vendor would know exactly where I am because of the indoor location. The encryption features built into Bluetooth would work in concert with the parks payment processing system to make the purchase easy.
Can't do this with NFC which is why Apple realizes it's a non-starter.
If you have your food delivered to you at a baseball game instead of the "old fashioned way", how will you keep yourself entertained. We are talking about baseball aren't we.
+1 ordering food from your seat when YOU want . Now if the iBeacon could only help with taking my 3yo son to the bathroom every other inning...
Wonder how they will deal with interference from all those low power bluetooth phones and devices all powered on in those areas? Also not sure how low power blue tooth works 50 feet away. Thats back to full power blue tooth. Low Energy BT is just that. Low Energy.
On paper it looks good but have you been to an event with lots of people who happen to have BT earpieces paired? The RF spectrum for BT becomes way over crowded pretty quick.
It will be interesting to see how it plays out as more people use it.
Only android fans that are against apple are for NFC.
Haha what? I am for Android and Apple. But I am not blind that NFC is a super useful technology as well as iBeacons. In my opinion nobody "struck out" here. Technology is advancing forward and that is a good thing. For all we know ibeacons may have never been thought up if NFC wasn't in the first place.


text: And the answer is Courtney Cox. Get some, Monica! Bitch is almost 50! Still got it at the ripe old age of 48. Cougartown is fucking right! Minus your weird Stegosaurus spine sticking out of your back you still got it goin on. Still can't believe she fucked Chandler in Friends. What a fake ass story line that was.


text:
ONTARIO, Canada -- After Canadian Solar Inc. announced a partner program for EPCs and PV installers in the EMEA region. Registered partner companies receive technical consulting and support for their installation engineering, extensive product training as well as comprehensive support by the transfer of qualified leads and marketing. Furthermore, the program includes extensive assistance regarding project financing including search for investors.
Companies with a proven track record offering high-quality professional photovoltaic solutions to their customers can qualify for this program. According to their business profile and purchase agreements Canadian Solar's partners qualify for either Gold Partner or Silver Partner level.
Yan Zhuang, Chief Commercial Officer of Canadian Solar, commented, "Our partners' technical expertise and sound awareness of quality are a good complement to Canadian Solar's top tier brand and global footprint. Together we can offer best-in-class solutions to end-customers. The Canadian Solar Partner Program puts more knowledge and tools at our partners' hands allowing them to focus on their core business. This is a win-win situation for Canadian Solar partners and end-users."
SOURCE: Canadian Solar


text:
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Head of School
Head of School Professor Catherine Turner |
Professor Catherine Turner
Welcome to the UQ School of Nursing and Midwifery Continuing Professional Development education portal.
At the UQ School of Nursing and Midwifery we are aware of the importance of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) for health care professionals and understand CPD is now a mandatory requirement for registration, enrolment or endorsement as a nurse or midwife.
At UQ's School of Nursing and Midwifery we are dedicated to teaching and learning excellence. We deliver contemporary, high quality teaching from practising clinicians, and conduct world class research.
Through the CPD portal we are able to offer a range of courses to help you develop your skills and enable you to meet the mandatory CPD requirements for registration.
Our CPD programs cater for health professionals including but not limited to registered or enrolled nurses, nurse practitioners, registered and eligible midwives.
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