text:
Paper - Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Windows NT Symposium,
July 12-15, 1999, Seattle, Washington
[Technical Program]
Windows NT in a ccNUMA System B. Brock, G. Carpenter, E. Chiprout, E. Elnozahy, M. Dean, D. Glasco, J. Peterson, R. Rajamony, F. Rawson, R. Rockhold, A. Zimmerman IBM Austin Research Laboratory Bldg. 904, MS-9460, 11501 Burnet Road Austin, TX 78758 firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract We have built a 16-way, ccNUMA multiprocessor prototype to study the feasibility of building large scale servers out of Standard High Volume (SHV) components. Using a cache-coherent interconnect, our prototype combines four 4-processor SMPs built using 350MHz Intel Xeon processors, yielding a 16-way system with a total of 4 GBytes of physical memory distributed over the nodes. Such an environment poses several performance challenges to Windows NT®, which assumes that memory is equidistant to all processors. To overcome these problems, we have implemented an abstraction called a Resource Set, which allows threads to specify their execution and memory affinity across the ccNUMA complex. We used a suite of parallel applications to evaluate the scalability and performance of the system. Our results confirm the feasibility of building ccNUMA systems out of SHV components, and suggest that memory allocation affinity should be incorporated as part of the standard Windows NT API. Also, the performance degradation due to poor bus bandwidth in the current generation of Intel-based processors often dominates the degradation due to the latency of remote memory accesses. 1. IntroductionThere is an increasing need for powerful servers to meet the processing demands of modern distributed systems, transaction processing systems, and Internet data providers. Traditional server systems use proprietary mainframe computers or other large computer systems that are powerful and robust, though expensive. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for servers built using commodity, off-the-shelf processors and components. In particular, symmetric-multiprocessor systems (SMP) that use Intel's x86 processors and run Windows NT are in increasing favor due to their low cost, application software availability, and success in the personal computer and workstation markets. However, physical limits impose restrictions on the size of SMP systems, and most SMP systems based on the Intel Pentium® II processor contain at most 4 processors. In order to investigate the feasibility of using these SHV components to build larger servers, we have used a cache-coherent interconnect to connect four 4-processor SMP nodes. Each node contains 1 GByte of main memory and four 350MHz Intel Xeon processors. The resulting system is a cache-coherent, non-uniform memory access (ccNUMA) machine, which poses several performance challenges to Windows NT since it is written to assume that all of system memory is equidistant to the processors. The focus of this paper is our addition to Windows NT to support memory allocation affinity. Our enhancement to Windows NT 4.0 includes extending the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) and Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) to present the operating system with a single system image. These extensions do not require any modifications to the NT source code (to which we did not have access), and allow Windows NT to treat the system as a single 16-way SMP. The second major component of our enhancement is an implementation of a Resource Set abstraction (RSet), which allows application programs to control resource allocation in order to improve performance. The current implementation of RSets consists of a collection of Application Program Interfaces (APIs), Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs), and a kernel-mode device driver that allows applications to control where memory is allocated. We used RSets to tune a suite of six parallel programs, and studied the scalability of the applications under different system configurations. Without affinity in memory allocation, several applications scale poorly as the system's size increases. This result demonstrates that adding support for memory affinity to Windows NT's standard Application Programming Interface (API) and tuning the application to benefit from this extended API are necessary for ccNUMA systems such as ours. However, such tuning may not be necessary if the machine were to include a remote memory cache and larger processor caches. Our results also suggest that the poor bus bandwidth (100MHz) of the current generation of Intel-based SMPs often has more of a detrimental effect on performance than the latency of accessing remote memory across the interconnect. This result is somewhat surprising since one would expect the latency of the NUMA interconnect to be the major source of overhead in a ccNUMA system. Finally, applications that scale well on an SMP were found to continue to scale reasonably as the system size was increased, until the configuration parameters (bus bandwidth, remote memory latency, and L2 cache sizes) prevented any further scaling. On the other hand, applications with poor scalability trends on small systems were predictably unable to scale better on larger ones. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 reviews previous work. Section 3 gives an overview of our implementation effort. Section 4 describes resource sets. Section 5 presents the results of the experimental evaluation. Our conclusions are presented in Section 6. 2. Previous WorkOver the years several research ccNUMA machines have been constructed, such as Alewife [Ale], DASH [Len] and FLASH [Flash]. These systems have been built either by constructing processor and memory nodes from scratch, or by combining pre-existing hardware using a combination of hardware modifications and interconnection fabrics. Recent years have seen the introduction of several affordable, general purpose ccNUMA and scalable shared-memory implementations such as the Silicon Graphics Origin [SGI], the Sequent NUMA-Q [Sting], the Data General Aviion NUMALiiNE [DG] and the Unisys Cellular MultiProcessor [Uni]. Except for the Origin, all of these systems use Intel IA-32 processors. The Sequent and Data General systems are built using standard high-volume 4-processor SMP nodes. The Origin uses the R10000 processor and unique memory and I/O structures within as well as between 2-processor nodes. Unisys' Cellular MP also uses a unique arrangement of 2-processor nodes and claims uniform access times to memory. Our hardware prototype is based on an extension of the Fujitsu Synfinity interconnect used in Fujitsu's teamserver [FJST]. Until recently, most of the work done on ccNUMA systems used a variant of UNIX as the operating system. For instance, SGI Irix 6.4 (Cellular Irix) supports the ccNUMA features of the Origin while Sequent has historically had its own implementation of UNIX known as Dynix/ptx®. To the best of our knowledge, Microsoft's direction for scaling Windows NT[NT] beyond standard SMPs has been to provide clustering through the Microsoft Cluster Service[MSCS]. We are also not aware of any existing or planned support for ccNUMA systems in the standard release of Windows NT. However, some of the recent ccNUMA systems, including the Sequent NUMA-Q and the Fujitsu teamserver, have supported NT either as an alternative to UNIX, or as the primary operating system provided on the system. Our NT work is based on the Fujitsu implementation for two-node systems. Although the Splash [Spl] and Splash-2 [Spl2] benchmark suites have been widely used in the academic community to measure multiprocessor performance [Shrimp, Len], most of the commercial server vendors have been more concerned about reporting performance data using the Transaction Processing Performance Council's TPC-C and TPC-D benchmarks [Gray, TPC]. However, while the TPC benchmarks are good indicators of overall transaction processing performance, they require a large investment to set up and execute properly. For this reason, we have chosen to study a subset of Splash-2 and other scientific workloads. With the exception of a few studies on distributed shared memory systems [Brazos, Sch], most of the Splash-2 studies reported to date have been carried out on UNIX systems. The value of affinity scheduling has been recognized for SMP machines where many systems attempt to run a thread on the same processor that it ran on last in the hope of reusing data that is already in the cache [Vas]. Our affinity implementation may be viewed as an extension of this notion by colocating threads with the physical memory that they access. Although our implementation is indirect (since we do not have NT source code access), it should be relatively straightforward for Microsoft to implement similar functions directly in the NT executive. The work of the FLASH project on improving data locality for ccNUMA machines used page migration and replication rather than affinity allocation to improve memory reference locality [Ver]. The Silicon Graphics Origin adds specialized hardware to support an efficient implementation of page migration. The Sequent, Data General and Unisys implementations all split the machine into communicating partitions, each of which runs a distinct copy of the operating system. 3. System Overview3.1 Hardware OverviewWe have constructed a 16-processor ccNUMA system by using a Synfinity interconnect switch to connect four PentiumII-based, Fujitsu teamserver SMP nodes. Each node contains four 350 MHz Intel Xeon processors, each with a 1MB L2 cache, 1 GByte of RAM, a standard set of I/O peripherals, and a Mesh Coherence Unit (MCU). The MCU provides coherent access to the memory and I/O devices that exist on other nodes. We designed a hardware card to attach the MCU to the Synfinity switch, which connects the four nodes together to form the 16-processor system. We configured the switch to provide 720 MB per second per link per direction in the prototype. A remote memory access is approximately 3 times slower than a local one. The MCU in each node snoops the node's local memory bus and uses a directory-based cache coherence protocol to extend memory coherence across nodes. The MCUs exchange point-to-point messages over the switch to access remote memory and to maintain cache coherence over the entire system. The MCU defines a 4-node memory map that effectively partitions a standard 4 GByte physical address space into 4 areas of 1 GByte each, one for each of the nodes in a 4-node system. In addition to memory, memory-mapped I/O and I/O port addresses are also remapped to allow a processor to access the memory-mapped I/O and I/O ports of remote nodes. 3.2 Enabling NT on a ccNUMA SystemWe enhanced the BIOS and the NT Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) supplied by Fujitsu in order to enable Windows NT to run on the 16-processor system (the Fujitsu implementation could support a maximum of two nodes). When powered on, the system starts booting as four separate SMP systems. After the BIOS code on each node is executed, the system executes a BIOS extension (eBIOS) before booting the operating system. The eBIOS reconfigures the four SMP nodes into one 16-way ccNUMA system. Our modifications to the NT HAL support remote inter-processor interrupts, and provide access to remote I/O devices and I/O ports by remapping them as necessary. The combination of the HAL and eBIOS code presents Windows NT with a machine that appears to be a 16-processor SMP with 4 gigabytes of physical memory. The eBIOS allows the system to be partitioned at boot time into smaller NUMA systems. For example, the eBIOS can partition the system into two 2-node systems, each with 8 processors and 2 GBytes of physical memory. Each partition runs a distinct copy of Windows NT. Other configurations for partitioning the 16-way system into separate systems are also possible. The eBIOS can also "deactivate" processors in a node at boot time allowing us to create nodes with fewer processors for configuration benchmarking purposes. 4 Supporting Memory Affinity in NTOperating systems on SMP architectures try (when other constraints permit) to schedule threads on the same processor on which they have previously executed. Creating an affinity between a thread and its cache footprint in this manner results in good cache hit ratios, contributing to an application's performance. In addition to supporting such implicit "bindings", Windows NT also permits threads to explicitly specify the subset of processors on which they should be scheduled for execution. If the performance of a ccNUMA system is to scale as more nodes are added, the operating system must accommodate the variability in memory access times across the system. In particular, a thread's memory allocation requests must be satisfied such that the majority of its memory accesses are served by the node on which it executes. Affinitizing memory allocations in this manner enables applications to take full advantage of the system hardware by reducing interconnect traffic. Indeed, an application may suffer in performance if most of its accesses are to memory residing on remote nodes. Currently, Windows NT 4.0 considers all of the physical memory in a system to be equidistant to the processors. Since the physical memory frames are indistinguishable, NT does not have any mechanism for affinitizing memory allocations. We have implemented a solution that works around the performance penalties of this limitation. Our solution provides the application with an API permitting it to exercise control over the physical memory used to satisfy explicit memory allocation requests. In our experience, we find a resulting improvement in application performance suggesting that this kind of support should become part of the standard API for Windows NT. Our ccNUMA API is based on a Resource Set (RSet) abstraction. Intuitively, an RSet groups several resources in such a way that a thread that is bound to a resource set consumes resources exclusively from that set. For example, one could specify an RSet containing the processors and physical memory available to one node. A thread that is bound to such an RSet will execute only on processors in that node, and have its memory allocations backed only by physical memory on that node. RSets are flexible. They can combine the resources in two different nodes, include resources spanning different nodes, contain a partial set of the resources on one node, or any other combination that suits the application needs. Furthermore, they can be manipulated using union and intersection operations and can also form hierarchies, whereby one large RSet is made to contain several smaller RSets. To simplify the interface, our library provides a global RSet that contains all resources in the system. Thus, an application can build additional RSets by specifying subsets of the global one. We have implemented the RSet abstraction using an additional HAL call (through which we find the resources available in the system) and a combination of DLLs, backed by an NT kernel-mode device driver. The RSet implementation provides fine-grained affinity control. Functions in the API fall into the following categories:
4.1 Allocating Virtual Memory Based on an RSetThere is no mechanism in Windows NT to constrain the set of physical memory pages that should back a range of virtual memory addresses. We have provided an interface similar to VirtualAlloc(), which supports the specification of an RSet. This interface allocates locked virtual memory that is backed by system memory as specified by the nodes identified through memory_rset: void* NumaVirtualAllocLocked (
Despite the lack of directed memory allocations in NT, if one can ensure that the system memory backing a range of pages satisfies our requirements, locking the pages in memory forces the mapping to remain unchanged as long as the application is active. The challenge is to coerce NT into backing the virtual pages with memory from the requested node(s). To accomplish this, we have implemented the following approach. First, the NumaVirtualAllocLocked routine allocates the number of pages requested, mapping the virtual addresses into the caller's address space. It then increases the working set size of the calling process by the number of pages requested and uses VirtualLock() to lock the range into memory. Next, it passes the address and length of the virtual memory range to our NumaMem device driver which returns a list of the nodes whose real memory backs each page. For each page that is not "correctly" backed, that page is modified, released, and reallocated. This process repeats until all pages are correctly backed. The modify step was added once we observed empirically that it decreased the likelihood of NT handing the same page back to us. The NumaMem device driver translates a given virtual memory address to its physical address, determines the node which "owns" that physical address, and returns that node identifier to the caller. For improved efficiency, a virtual address range can be passed to the driver, and a list of node identifiers (one per virtual page) will be returned. To enable the mapping between a physical address and a node identifier (as required by the NumaMem driver), we have exported an interface from our HAL implementation which provides not only the memory-range-to-node-id mapping, but also the system topology information (e.g. number of nodes, which processors are in which node, etc.). The lack of NT source code access or an appropriate NT API dictates that we indirectly manipulate the page-table structure. As a result, the time required to set up the memory affinity mappings is large and unpredictable. Consequently, we would not advocate this implementation as a permanent solution to the lack of memory allocation affinity in Windows NT. Instead, this implementation allows us to study the potential benefits of including such support in the system. Our results suggest that this support should become an integral part of Windows NT as it moves to scale up to large system configurations. A constraint of our approach is that we can only affinitize memory that is allocated through our API. Thus, an application must use our API instead of malloc() in order to allocate affinitized memory. In addition, we do not have any control over the placement of the program text, the data+BSS regions, and the individual thread stacks. These can be affinitized (or replicated in the case of program text) easily when memory affinity support is integrated within Windows NT 4.2 Page Coloring Preliminary experiments on our prototype indicated that page coloring has a significant impact on application performance. With physically addressed caches that are not fully associative, a poor virtual to physical address space mapping can cause cache conflicts. Page coloring is a mechanism that can potentially reduce these conflicts. Each physical memory page is assigned a "color" such that similarly colored pages map into the same cache region. By cycling through the available colors when mapping contiguous virtual memory pages to physical pages, cache conflicts can be reduced when spatially close data structures are accessed. A significant advantage of page coloring is that it makes application performance predictable. When virtual memory is committed using the VirtualLock() function, we discovered empirically that Windows NT backs up the virtual range with a set of physical pages that are almost perfectly colored. We wrote our NumaMem driver such that the pages it returns are perfectly colored. Lacking the ability to directly manipulate the page-table structure, NumaMem uses information about the cache size and the identity of the physical page that backs a virtual page to iterate until the pages are perfectly colored. 4.3 Affinity PoliciesUsing our Windows NT device driver, we have implemented two different classes of affinity policies: one for thread execution and one for memory allocation. The thread affinity policies are:
5 ExperienceTo test the effects of using the RSet abstraction to provide memory affinity support in Windows NT, we have conducted several experiments to study the performance of parallel applications on our prototype. The application suite consists of four applications from the Stanford Splash-2 benchmark suite [Spl, Spl2], a parallel program for matrix multiplication, and an implementation of a successive over-relaxation algorithm. The six applications are:
We have modified each application to make use of the RSet abstraction. The extent of the modification depended on the application. For all of the applications except matrix multiply, the desired memory affinity could be achieved by just modifying the memory allocation calls of the key data structures at the beginning of the program. For matrix multiply, the code had to be rewritten to replicate one of the multiplier matrices over the entire NUMA machine complex. In this application, the second multiplier matrix is accessed by each thread, making it ineffectual to affinitize it to any particular node. Thus, in the absence of a remote memory cache, a large portion of the memory accesses are to remote memory. Replicating the second matrix avoids the performance hit. We executed each of the modified applications on several system configurations under each of the policies for thread and memory placement listed in Section 4.2. Each experiment was repeated several times to ensure statistical accuracy. The time we report includes the time for running the application, but it does not include the time taken for initializing the memory pools in the NumaMem driver. This is consistent with our goal from the performance study, which is to identify the potential benefits of including memory affinity support inside Windows NT. The cost of initialization of the memory pools in the NumaMem driver is not relevant to this goal, since we are not advocating this as a technique for memory allocation anyway. Notice also that the initialization occurs at the beginning of the program, and before any processing or memory allocation takes place. Finally, in order to eliminate any effects of operating system synchronization overheads, all of our applications use user-level spin locks.
Figure 1: Best-case scalability
Water exhibits the best scaling. This application has good locality in memory references, and not much sharing. Moreover, as the configuration grew larger, the aggregate total size of all L2 caches could store more of the application's working set. This effect also manifests itself in Jacobi, where the transition from 12 to 16 processors shows better scaling than from 8 to 12. Three other applications (Matmul, Ocean and Raytrace) continued to improve as the number of processors increased, but the improvement started to taper off around 12 processors, due to a combination of bus bandwidth limitations and the effects of remote memory access. This phenomenon will be explained later in greater detail. 3D-FFT did not scale as well as the others. This application has substantial sharing among its threads causing it to scale poorly. Notice that 3D-FFT does not scale well on a single SMP. Therefore it is reasonable to expect that it would not scale any better on larger machines.
Figure 2: NUMA scalabiliy
Figure 2 shows that NUMA scales approximately linearly for all applications except Jacobi. Ocean benefits from the increased collective cache capacity available in the system as nodes are added. Other applications such as 3D-FFT scale at a lower rate because of the increased inter-thread data sharing. Jacobi shows the best performance improvement as it scales from the 3-node to the 4-node configuration, because the aggregation of the L2 caches in the 4-node system can contain the entire working set of the application. 5.1 Effects of Allocation Policies
Figure 3: Base scalability: threads float, standard malloc
Figures 4 and 5 show the effect of tuning the applications to use Rsets. Two measurements are shown for each application, one with the application unchanged (broken line) and one with the application modified to benefit from Rsets (unbroken line). When the application is run unchanged, it uses NT's standard thread and memory allocation policies. When the application is tuned, it uses RSets to control thread and memory allocation. The thread and memory allocation policies used for these experiments are Round Robin and Local, respectively. The base single-thread case for these measurements was obtained by running the application with one thread on a single processor machine with no remote memory.
Figure 4: Applications exhibiting no affinity effects
For these three applications, NT's default allocation policies yield good performance. Even though the unmodified versions of these applications do not specify a thread allocation policy, NT tries to reschedule each thread on the same processor on which it has recently run, so as to improve affinity in cache references [NT]. The NT memory allocator also worked well because we have observed that it uses page coloring to maximize the L1 and L2 cache performance. Since the primary working sets of Raytrace and Water fit within the cache especially in the large configurations, this policy yields good performance. Figure 5 shows a different situation, where intelligent use of Rsets by the applications has a substantial impact on performance. When Rsets are not used, NT's default allocation policies do not allow the applications to overcome the effects of costly remote memory accesses. The difference in performance depends on the application, but in all cases, there is a clear gain from intelligently using Rsets. One can conclude from this figure that on ccNUMA machines that are architected out of SHV components with no remote caches, operating system support and tuning will be necessary to make these applications perform well. This result suggests that memory affinity support should become part of the standard Windows NT API if NT is to efficiently support this type of architecture. Although these conclusions depend on the fact that our system has no remote caches, it is not clear whether a remote cache will eliminate all the performance problems caused by NT's default memory allocation policies. Figure 5: Applications exhibiting affinitization effects. 5.2 Effects of Local Bus ContentionLocal bus contention is a serious problem as modern processors increase in speed. Figure 6 compares the speedup for the six applications in our suite under 3 different configurations. The configuration 1N4 was obtained by configuring the system as a 4-processor SMP, while 4N1 was obtained by configuring the system as a ccNUMA architecture with 4 nodes, each containing one processor. The 2N2 configuration was obtained by configuring the system as a ccNUMA architecture with 2 nodes, each containing two processors. Each configuration has exactly four processors. While 1N4 is a pure SMP system, 4N1 is a pure ccNUMA system. 2N2 represents a hybrid system. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the impact that the local bus and the inter-node interconnect have on application performance. In the 1N4 case, the application threads face the maximum local bus contention and no interconnect effects. In the 4N1 case, the threads face the least local bus and maximum interconnect effects. The 2N2 case lies in between. Each thread was bound to a processor in this experiment. The memory allocation policy was local. Figure 6: Local bus bandwidth effects. For Raytrace and Water, there was not much of a performance difference across the different configurations. As mentioned earlier, these applications have small primary working sets that fit within the L2 caches, and exhibit modest inter-thread data sharing. For 3DFFT, the effect of remote memory accesses dominates, and performance degrades as we move from an SMP to a ccNUMA architecture. The sharing pattern of this application is such that there is a continuous exchange of data among the threads. It is apparent that the bus bandwidth on a single SMP is adequate for the amount of data to be exchanged. Note that for this application, a remote cache would be of little help, because the contents of such a cache would be continuously invalidated as remote threads continue to modify the corresponding data. For Jacobi, Matrix Multiply, and Ocean, the 2N2 and 4N1 configurations outperformed the SMP one. The reason is that the SMP case with four threads encounters significant local bus contention since the amount of data being accessed requires more bus bandwidth than is available with the existing Intel memory bus architecture. When the applications are modified to intelligently use RSets, remote memory accesses on the ccNUMA configurations have less of an effect. Therefore, the individual threads benefit from having less contention on the local bus. 5.3 Effects of Algorithmic ChangesPrograms written to run in an SMP system will run without modifications on a ccNUMA system. However, it has been argued that NUMA-aware programs could further exploit the performance advantages of ccNUMA architectures, for instance by changing the algorithm used to exploit the characteristics of the NUMA environment (e.g. large amounts of physical memory). In our experiments, we have implemented a modified matrix multiplication algorithm in which the multiplier matrix is replicated at each node. Interestingly, this is similar to distributed algorithms that solve the same problem using message passing. Perhaps this suggests that transforming message-passing programs to run on NUMA systems will be more fruitful for performance tuning applications than just running existing SMP code. 6 ConclusionWe have built a 16-processor ccNUMA multiprocessor system using SHV 4-processor Intel Xeon SMPs. Windows NT was designed primarily to run on small SMP environments in which all processors have equally fast access to all the system memory. It therefore faces performance challenges in an environment where the processor-to-memory speed varies across a system. To overcome these problems and enable NT to run in this environment efficiently, we implemented an abstraction called the Resource Set that allows threads to specify where memory is to be allocated across a NUMA complex. Thus, threads can specify that memory should be allocated from banks that are close to the processors on which they run. This affinity in memory allocation can result in several performance benefits when running parallel applications. Our results indicate:
We would like to thank HAL Computer Systems and Fujitsu for providing us with the MCU that we have used in our prototype, and also for providing their 2-node eBIOS and HAL code, which we extended to support a 4-node system. We also would like to thank the anonymous referees for their comments and Rich Oehler from the program committee for his help. Appendix The tables at the end of this paper contain the raw data used to create Figures 1 through 6. Table 1 lists the execution times of the applications for different 16-processor configurations. All times are in seconds. BEST refers to the best-case scalability. For each data point, the configuration that yielded the least execution time is also provided. The BASE case provides the execution times when standard NT allocation policies are used. The TUNED case presents the execution time when the applications intelligently make use of Rsets. The data in this table was used to create Figures 1, 3, 4, and 5. The base single-thread execution time used to generate speedup numbers is given under each application. The single-thread execution was measured on a 1N1,t3,m0 system. Tables 2 lists the execution times of the applications for different NUMA configurations. All times are in seconds. The allocation policy in each case is t0,m2. The data in this table was used to create Figures 2 and 6. References: [Alewife] A. Agarwal, R. Bianchini, D. Chaiken, K. L. Johnson, D. Kranz, J. Kubiatowicz, B. H. Lim, K. Mackenzie, and D. Yeung. The MIT Alewife Machine: Architecture and Performance. Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Computer Architecture, June 1995. [Brazos] E. Speight and J. K. Bennett. Brazos: A third generation DSM System. Proceedings of the 1997 USENIX Windows/NT Workshop, August, 1997. [DG] Data General's NUMALiiNE Technology: The Foundation for the AV 25000 Server, http://www.dg.com/about/html/av25000_foundation.htm [FJST] W. Weber, S. Gold, P. Helland, T. Shimizu, T. Wicki, and W. Wilcke, The Synfinity Interconnect Architecture: A Cost-Effective Infrastructure for High-Performance Servers, Proceedings of ISCA'97, the 24th Proceedings of the Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. [Flash] J. Kuskin, D. Ofelt, M. Heinrich, J. Heinlein, R. Simoni, K. Gharachorloo, J. Chapin, D. Nakahira, J. Baxter, M. Horowitz, A. Gupta, M. Rosenblum, and J. Hennessy. The Stanford FLASH Multiprocessor. In Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Computer Architecture, Chicago, IL, April 1994. [Gray] Jim Gray, ed., The Benchmark Handbook, 2nd edition, Morgan Kaufman, 1993. [Len] D. E. Lenoski and W. Weber, Scalable Shared-Memory Multiprocessing, Morgan Kaufman, 1995. [MSCS] Vogels, W., Dumitriu, D., Birman, K. Gamache, R., Short, R., Vert, J., Massa, M., Barrera, J., and Gray, J., "The Design and Architecture of the Microsoft Cluster Service - A Practical Approach to High-Availability and Scalability", Proceedings of the 28th symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing, Munich, Germany, June 1998. [NT] David Solomon, Inside Windows NT, 2nd edition, Microsoft Press, 1998. [Sch] Martin Schulz and Hermann Hellwagner, Extending NT Virtual Memory by SCI-based Hardware DSM 2nd USENIX Windows NT Symposium, August 1998, Seattle WA, USA. [SGI] James Laudon and Daniel Lenoski, The SGI Origin: A ccNUMA Highly Scalable Server, Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Computer Architecture, 1997, pp 241-251. [Shrimp] Yuanyuan Zhou, Liviu Iftode and Kai Li, Performance Evaluation of Two Home-Based Lazy Release Consistency Protocols for Shared Virtual Memory Systems, Second Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation, Seattle, WA, 1996. [Spl] Jaswinder Pal Singh, Wolf-Dietrich Weber, and Anoop Gupta. SPLASH: Stanford Parallel Applications for Shared-Memory. In Computer Architecture News, vol. 20, no. 1, pp 5-44. [Spl2] Steven Cameron Woo, Moriyoshi Ohara, Evan Torrie, Jaswinder Pal Singh, and Anoop Gupta. The SPLASH-2 Programs: Characterization and Methodological Considerations. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Computer Architecture, Santa Margherita Ligure, Italy, June 1995, pp 24-36. [Sting] Tom Lovett and Russell Clapp, STiNG: A CC-NUMA computer system for the commercial marketplace, Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, May 1996 [TPC] Transaction Processing Performance Council, http://www.tpc.org. [Uni] Unisys, Cellular MultiProcessing Architecture, http://www.marketplace.unisys.com/ent/Cmpwh.pdf. [Vas] Raj Vaswani and John Zahorjan. The Implications of Cache Affinity on Processor Scheduling for Multiprogrammed, Shared Memory Multiprocessors. Proc. 13th Symposium on Operating System Principles, October, 1991. [Ver] Ben Verghese, Scott Devine Anoop Gupta, and Mendel Rosenblum, Operating system support for improving data locality on CC-NUMA compute servers. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, October 1996. Trademarks Pentium® II is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Windows NT® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. AViiON® is a registered trademark of Data General Corporation. R10000® is a registered trademark of MIPS Technologies, Inc. NUMA-Q® and Dynix/ptx ® are registered trademarks of Sequent Computer Systems, Inc. Synfinity and teamserver are trademarks of FUJITSU LIMITED. Xeon is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Irix, Cellular Irix, and Origin are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. NUMALiiNE is a trademark of Data General Corporation.
Table 1: Execution times for base, best, and modified cases.
Table 2: Execution times for different t0,m2 NUMA configurations |
This paper was originally published in the
Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Windows NT Symposium,
July 12-15, 1999, Seattle, Washington, USA
Last changed: 27 Feb 2002 ml |


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WASHINGTON, June 7 (Xinhua) -- The United States is not shifting big number of troops into the Asia Pacific region, but will try and upgrade its engagement with limited means and foster allies' participation, said Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Martin Dempsey on Thursday.
At a Pentagon press briefing, Dempsey said repositioning forces to the Asia Pacific is not the "essence of rebalancing" to that region, which the Obama administration is doing as the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan wind down.
He said the strategy involves "three mores," including more interest, more engagement and more quality, and the U.S. side is eyeing a troops presence there more at a rotational basis, rather than at permanent bases.
Fresh off an Asian tour which included stops at Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines, Dempsey said regional countries mostly gave "positive feedback" to that approach, and the U.S. side wants them to take a bigger share of the burden.
"We're encouraging ASEAN [the Association of Southeast Asian Nations] to take a more active role, to be a unified voice for security issues in that region," he said.
Dempsey is part of the Department of Defense delegation to the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore, and he went solo to Thailand and the Philippines after that, as Defense Secretary went on to visit Vietnam, India and Afghanistan.
The U.S. military is facing mounting pressure to cut back on expenses, and the Pentagon is cutting 487 billion dollars of military budget over the next 10 years. If Congress fails to act this year, automatic cuts totaling 600 billion will kick in next year, further straining the military's ability.
The U.S. side has insisted budget related to the rebalancing effort won't be cut, however, Dean Cheng, a research fellow at Heritage Foundation, cautioned that the vastness of the Pacific could put more burden on a military already stretched thin, as more exercises and ship visits mean more wear and tear on ship hulls and aircraft airframes. It also means more time away from home for service people, threatening to weaken readiness, maintenance, training and retention.


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Boy Scout Troop 18, of First Presbyterian Church, recently held a Court of Honor for new Eagle Scouts. Reece Crumpler, (center) a student at Germantown High School and member of Broadmoor Baptist Church, received the rank of Eagle. For his Eagle project Reece built an arbor and benches along with installed landscaping at the Helping Hands Community Garden at MadCAAP in Canton. He is the son of Braxton and Lisa Crumpler.


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Alves totes 5-month-old daughter Vida in N.Y.C. Plus: Tom Cruise, RPattz, Kim Kardashian and more
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Matthew McConaughey and son Levi, 23 months, celebrate Brazil's 2-1 World Cup victory over North Korea in the streets of New York Tuesday. Mommy Camila Alves is a native of the South American country.


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Imphal, Oct. 30: The Mapithel Dam Affected Villages Association has opposed the Okram Ibobi Singh governments move to order a recount of people in two villages of Chadong and Lamlai Khunou in Ukhrul district who, once displaced, would be entitled to relief and rehabilitation packages.
The district revenue department issued a notification on September 9 announcing that the verification would be carried out in the two villages.
The notification and fresh move to carry out verification in the two villages is in clear violation of the formation of an expert review committee on January 18, 2008. The committee comprises teachers from Manipur University, representatives of affected villages and officials from various departments, R. Sakathan, chairman of the affected villages association told reporters here today.
The protest came after the government carried out verification at Lamlai Khunou yesterday and today. The government also plans to carry out the recount in Chadong village from tomorrow for the next two days.
The verification in Lamlai Khunou went off peacefully. However, Chadong village may face stiff opposition from the villagers affected by the dam.
The Rs 715.8-crore project was taken up at Mapithel, trijunction of Thoubal, Imphal East and Ukhrul districts. The project will irrigate 21,000 hectares of paddy field, provide 10 million gallons of drinking water daily and supply 7.5MW of power.
The Ibobi Singh government is approaching Japan for funds for providing drinking water to Imphal city from this dam.
Sakathan said Chadong and Lamlai Khunou were not the only villages affected by the dam. Many villages at the downstream and upstream were affected and verification process for all the affected villages should be carried out under the expert committee.
The affected villages are looking forward to completion of the process and we will not accept any verification process outside the purview of the review committee, the chairman said.
The association also threatened to move court if the recount is carried out in only two villages.
Altogether six villages have been affected. The move to verify only two villages smells of an attempt by government officials to siphon off funds provided for rehabilitation of the affected villagers, an anti-dam activist said.


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By Sonya Yeh Spencer, Certified ITA NLP Trainer, Advanced NLP Coach Have you ever been in a situation that you need to calm down and change your responses quickly to make sure things don't get out of hand? Maybe you have wanted to find ways to quickly relax after a very intense day or event? Many of us know that stress and prolonged stress conditions impacts on our quality of life and relationships in the [Read more...]
NLP Pattern
by Sonya Yeh Spencer, ITANLP Certified NLP Trainer, Advanced NLP Coach It is good for you, good for our children and the world There have been quite a few couples and individuals through our doors of late, on a quest to mend, re-build or enhance their relationship with their loved ones. I often think how wonderful it is that these clients really want to cultivate their relationships and treasure their connections with one another. It [Read more...]
NLP trained readers will notice the overlapping of senses that defines the moment and experience of being bullied. This overlapping of senses is then often associated with the surrounding area, the bully, the very location where bullying took place. In other words there is often a Synaesthesia and Anchor that has been created…. Engage in conversation with the child and carefully listen for their complex equivalence(s). Observe their behaviour, the pictures they draw, and the stories they read or tell. Whenever and where ever possible create counter examples, telling them metaphors and using any opportunities to reframe. Changing the complex equivalence is an ongoing process, not just for dealing with the event of being bullied, but also for many different challenging life experiences that we all experience as we are growing up. Since you now understand it may fundamentally be about Synaesthesia, Anchor and Complex Equivalence, you can work to separate out the Synaesthesia and change the sub-modalities. You can also collapse Anchors of the various associations, especially the location where bullying took place and the environment. Collapsing Anchors and change the Synaesthesia should be done as soon as possible.
Here is your first step By Sonya Yeh Spencer, ITA NLP Trainer, Advanced NLP Coach Are you in the process of change? Maybe a new job, contract, project or relationship and maybe you would like this new development to be a success. Starting on the right foot might just give you a head start. As you continue to pay attention to the words you are reading, consider the following questions:
Decision Destroyer NLP Technique From Real People Press NLP Videos In this excerpt of a clinical demonstration, Steve Andreas uses the Decision Destroyer NLP technique developed by Richard Bandler. This womans trauma is resolved without knowing anything about the content of the trauma. This method utilizes the cause-effect presupposition inherent in trauma—that an impactful experience will have an effect on later experiences—by creating a positive experience that occurs before a traumatic one. Recorded at the [Read more...]
By By Sonya Yeh Spencer, ITA NLP Trainer, Educator, Coach The old Chinese saying, roughly translated here, "Know thy self and your enemy will ensure you win every time" doesn't sit so well with me these days. I prefer to think "Know thy self and others for long term success". Why do I say for "long term success"? Because by actively understanding yourself and others, you can appreciate and act accordingly in response to the dynamic nature [Read more...]
Home | Training | Contact | Coaching | Blog | NLPNZ | Subscription In this Issue How to build great relationships Business NLP: Know thy self and others for long term success New Code NLP: The Modern Approach Rapport Building: Insight into raising voice tone to build rapport Video – How does the theatre of the mind could be generated by the machinery of the brain? Podcast – Dr. Michael Arbib on Mirror Neurons NLP [Read more...]
"Who ever is going to be responsible for dealing with the consequences of the decision makes the decision" is one of the understanding that served us well in both business conducts and personal relationships. This is based on the NLP process of Outcome, Intention and Consequences, developed by John Grinder. This is especially useful in a blended family situation, when one parent is responsible for their biological children. Send us any questions about this tip [Read more...]
In this Issue Tips on how to get a grip on Stress, Part 2 Know the Purpose for Creating Change Book Reviews – Metaphors we live by Podcast – Manipulating Moral Judgement Video – Modelling Nature? A different perspective NLP Practitioner Training – Hot offer for Brisbane in July, saving you $280 NLP Café Brisbane Calender and many more items, new developments in New Zealand – keep scrolling…. Home | Training | Contact | Coaching [Read more...]
One of the most important things you need to identify when creating change is "For what purpose". Too often we hear clients saying "I need to change X, Y, Z" or complaining to us that for years they have been trying to improve their ability to do X, Y, Z but failed. Yet, when we probed, they have no clear idea of the purpose for making such a change. Knowing the purpose for creating change [Read more...]


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Honey Boo Boo Spazzes Out On Local News Show
Why is it that nothing good ever follows Honey Boo Boo's name?
This is a train wreck in the best sense of the words. It's awful, but you can't look away! I can't believe how well the interviewers held their composure. I'd have lost my mind for sure! Like if this is saying anything, Honey Boo Boo (Alana) actually makes her mom seem very normal.
The interviewers are trying to talk to Alana about things, and she would rather look at herself in the tv then participate. After her looking and making weird faces at the tv she then randomly starts singing and going crazy. She even challenges one of the interviewers to a game of 'Rock, Paper, Scissors' and then she doesn't stop saying it. I know she is just 7, so I still have to keep telling myself that. What do you think? Is she just a being a kid, or is she crossing the line? All I know is I'm really glad I don't babysit for her.
Here's the awkward interview on KTLA
Later that night she went on Jimmy Kimmel, and things got weird there too. She again, sees herself in the television and won't stop looking at it and doing weird things she also yells random phrases… you can see that below!


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Another great question posed by blog reader Amy A. She has 20+ years of experience with other firms and 4+ years as a sole proprietor; I'm sure we all relate well.
She recently went to an interview on a project she really wanted to get for her firm and believed she could do well at. By her good fortune, the referral source was also in on the interview and was able to offer some feedback: two main points:
- "Discounted" the 20+ years of experience as the work was done for someone else
- "Current firm work" is renovation/addition, no pure "new construction"
Amy's question is "how have other architects addressed these types of client concerns?"
Over the years I have developed my own "style" of describing architectural services, the design and construction process, and how my firm can do a great job of helping the client. Typically the "sales" part of the presentation is more a question, answer, and discussion; that when it goes well, the client "sells" him/her self on my firm. What I really like about this approach is the old "you can bring a horse to water but you can't make him drink" analogy. Even if I were the best sales person in the world, I like having trust on my side for starters rather than dealing with a client who develops "buyers' remorse" shortly after the contract is signed. Life's too short for that kind of noise.
How and or what do other architects see as the key point to address Amy's situation? How does your perception of "what architects do" help or hurt in the current economy and project outlooks?
- Lisa Stacholy, AIA


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Hi There, My Grandmother was Della May Clear from Clinton Co. Indiana. Her parents were Cornelious Clear and Mary Jane Cripe. Grandma was 1 of 9 children. Could you give me a little more information as to who and the years you are looking for? Thanks, Ruth
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Fashion 1:11 pm Nudie Jeans Spring 2013 Editorial by Justin Bridges Photographer Justin Bridges shares with us this exclusive Nudie Jeans Spring Summer 2013 editorial above. Styled by Kim Johnson featuring a selection of menswear shown on women along for what they've been known for, swedish raw denim with a unisex… 5276 - Read more
Accessories 12:30 pm Nudie Jeans Jon Weekend Bag Nudie Jeans releases the Jon weekend bag as part of their Spring Summer 2013 Collection. This made in Italy bag features customized silver zippers, adjustable shoulder strap and internal compartment for storing small items. The main compartment is clean with… 4164 - Read more
Fashion 9:00 am Nudie Jeans "Woad/Guado" – Ancient Dyes This week, good old Nudie Jeans dropped their limited edition "Woad/Guado" collection—a six-piece line featuring organic fabrics dyed using the woad plant. This flowering guy looks a bit like a cabbage and has been cultivated since time immemorial specifically for… 634 - Read more
Fashion Stores 6:30 pm Nudie Jeans House, Los Angeles, CA Ask most denim retailers about Nudie and they'll mention "introduction." Nudie has become a household name in the denim world. Many denim geeks will mention how Nudie introduced them to the every expanding world of premium and super-premium denim. In… 1032 - Read more
Denim Fashion 2:12 am Nudie Jeans Selvage Lab Sweden's Nudie is looking to increase their already strong denim market share with the Nudie Selvage Lab. Before we go there, let's remember that Nudie is one of those ambassador types of denim companies – they bring the people into… 4046 - Read more


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- Purchase any product from the Music Store sold by Amazon.co.uk and receive �1 to use on any music download in our MP3 Store. UK customers only. Here's how (terms and conditions apply)
Product details
Would you like to update product info or give feedback on images? |
Disc: 1 | |||
1. Lady Marmalade - Christina Aguilera, Lil' Kim, Mya and Pink | |||
2. Diamond Dogs - Beck with Timbaland | |||
3. Children of the Revolution - Bono, Gavin Friday and Maurice Seezer | |||
4. Nature Boy - David Bowie and Massive Attack | |||
5. Le Tango de Roxanne - Cast with Jose Felicaino | |||
6. Because We Can - Fatboy Slim | |||
7. Sparkling Diamonds - Nicole Kidman | |||
8. One Day I'll Fly Away - Nicole Kidman | |||
9. Rhythm of the Night - Valeria | |||
10. Hindi Sad Diamonds - Nicole Kidman with Cast | |||
See all 15 tracks on this disc
| |||
Disc: 2 | |||
1. Your Song (Instrumental) - From the score cue 'Rehearsal Montage' | |||
2. Sparkling Diamonds (Original Film Version) | |||
3. One Day I'll Fly Away (Tony Phillips Remix) | |||
4. The Pitch Spectacular Spectacular (Original Film Version) | |||
5. Come What May (Original Film Version) | |||
6. Like A Virgin (Original Film Version) | |||
7. Meet Me In The Red Room (Original Film Version) | |||
8. Your Song (Instrumental) - From the score cue 'After The Storm' | |||
9. The Show Must Go On (Original Film Version) | |||
10. Ascension - From the score cue 'Death and Ascension' | |||
See all 11 tracks on this disc
From "Lady Marmalade" by four of today's hottest female artists, the breathtaking, spine-tingling epic track that is "Come What May" to the contributions from musical marvels such as Beck, David Bowie, Fatboy Slim & Bono, you cannot fault this soundtrack.
But all of this superb music was captured by the first release of the soundtrack. What makes this edition so special is that it encapsulates all of the music from the film that the first one didn't. The fantastically funny "Like a Virgin", the melodrama of "The Show Must Go On" and the daftly excellent "The Pitch Spectacular Spectacular" are all on the second CD, deemed not commercial enough for the first.
Ardent fans of Moulin Rouge, and there are many of us, will not be able to stop themselves buying this collection! If you bought the first one, give to someone as a gift, and do him or her a favour. Let them experience what you have and share what makes Moulin Rouge such a "Spectacular Spectacular" - its music.
Make them cry to Nicole's beautiful "On Day I'll Fly Away" and sing with Ewan on Elton John's classic "Your Song". Thank the stars that contributed their music to the film, like Madonna, Elton John, Paul McCartney and so on. Without them, neither the film nor its soundtrack would be worth a listen.
If you are anything like myself, when you are not watching the movie, you will listen to the CD, sing along at the top of your voice and learn to love the film even more every time you listen. A fabulous Movie. A fabulous Soundtrack. Add both to your collection now and play them forever and ever.
After all that, the songs are good and well produced, and there is enough of the film on it to keep you relatively happy.


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LSU-Bama Preview: LSU's RB Riches
RB Spencer Ware
Evan Davis, Jr.
Posted Nov 2, 2011
Do you pick the team with one superstar running back who will feel the brunt of all those hits and carries in the fourth quarter, or the team that can rotate in a stable of 5 star tailbacks and continue with a fresh, proven ground-and-pound game plan?
Evan Davis Jr.
The running game will be the main focal point when the LSU Tigers clash with the Alabama Crimson Tide. Bama's own dynamo, Trent Richardson has been hogging the headlines, but LSU boasts a veritable stable of quality tailbacks.
Sophomores Spencer Ware, Michael Ford, and Alfred Blue, along with true freshmen Kenny Hilliard and Terrance McGee, form a formidable punch for the Tigers as they pound and finesse defenses to the tune of 189 rushing yards per game.
The Tigers are quite formidable as a straight-up, smash you in the mouth rushing attack, but where the really surprise teams is with their versatile personnel combinations and incredible depth.
Three backs have 57 or more carries
, and as a unit average 4.6 yards per carry (including the true freshman) with at least one touchdown each.
Ware is a violent runner built in the mold of Richardson (literally the exact same size/weight/speed), and leads this LSU backfield. He has the size to shoulder the majority of the load; this big, bruising back
contact, as he regularly bowls over defenders. His tough inside running is utilized early and often, as he slowly pounds and weakens the interior defense. No matter how strong they may be, no Bama defender is looking forward to tackling him in the fourth quarter.
Ware is clearly the best athlete of the group. Extremely versatile, he's able to catch out of the backfield, even from the fullback position, and his days as high school quarterback whispers Wildcat capabilities (remember that). Although he has not recorded a pass attempt this season, he already has one touchdown pass in the state of Alabama (Auburn 2010). The Wildcat formation may be yet another aspect of this RB unit that the LSU coaches will use to "surprise" the Crimson Tide.
Even given Ware's penchant for trucking defenders, Ford might be stronger. Should Ware go down, the 5-10, 215 pound Ford comes equipped with big, thick legs that give him explosive agility to get in and out of cuts and acceleration to sprint off-tackle. Ford also has a great nose for the endzone, as he averages a touchdown every 12 carries.
Alfred Blue also gets notable carries (57); it's his speed that is his not-so-secret weapon. Watch for Blue on misdirection plays and for a change of pace.
Pound-for-pound the Tigers' strongest running back is true freshman Kenny Hilliard. The LSU legacy (he's the nephew of LSU and New Orleans Saints great Dalton Hilliard) stands 5-11, 240 pounds and runs in the mold of Auburn's Rudi Johnson – only 15 pounds heavier. He had his breakout game two weeks ago vs. those Auburn Tigers, and his pounding, between the tackles running turned many heads. He will likely see some action on Saturday.
Suffice to say LSU's running game will be fresh come the fourth quarter.
Ware, Ford, Blue and company are not basking in all the media attention/glory because as a tandem, they have fewer flashy numbers that sportswriters and critics salivate over. The huge advantage is this: LSU will rotate in big, strong and fresh legs so often that the Bama defense will have be prepare to face great, rested talent on every down.
Oh yeah – nearly forgot. Quarterback Jordan Jefferson and wide receiver Russell Shepard fit into the rushing attack as well. Since returning to the team following a four game suspension, Jefferson has produced largely on the ground. He was second leading rusher in Knoxville behind Ware (73 vs. 80 yards), and has two touchdowns rushing (and two passing). Given the Tigers' crowded backfield, Shepard has received less carries this year than his first two, but the speedster still averages ~6.5 yards per carry, as he has throughout his career in Red Stick.
The change of pace from boxer to sprinter and the myriad of combinations will have the Bama defense guessing…and one bad defensive call will mean a big play.
Too many linebackers on the field? Blue blazes by you on a toss. In a dime package? Ware pounds you up the gut.
Then comes the Tigers' best weapon all season: the Play Action Pass.
This game will be the test of running back wills. Do you pick the team with one superstar running back who will feel the brunt of all those hits and carries in the fourth quarter, or the team that can rotate in a stable of 5 star tailbacks and continue with a fresh, proven ground-and-pound game plan?
Advantage: LSU.
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LSU-Bama Preview: Who is QB AJ McCarron?
LSU-Bama Preview: The Tiger Offense
LSU-Bama Preview: The Tide Offense
LSU-Bama Preview: Bama's "New" Stadium
Point/Counterpoint: McCarron v. Mathieu et al
LSU-Bama Preview: The Tiger Defense
LSU-Bama Preview: The Tide Defense
LSU-Bama Preview: Famous Two QB Programs
LSU-Bama Preview: Life Without Julio
Point/Counterpoint: LSU's QBs v. Bama's D
LSU-Bama Preview: The Tiger Special Teams
LSU-Bama Preview: The Tide Special Teams
LSU-Bama Preview: Bama Before/After Saban
Point/Counterpoint: Les v. Saban's LSU Legacy
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Anolon Steamers Price Comparison
About Anolon Food Steamers
Anolon is a leader in bakeware, cookware, tools, cutlery and gadgets whose products are marked by style, quality, innovation, timeless design and convenience. Take for the Anolon's Raymond Blanc steamer whose features pack a punch with stainless body, riveted handles and lids, integral copper base (for uniform distribution of heat) and is suitable for use on all cooker types including induction. Besides being dishwasher safe, the food steamer is oven safe up to a particular temperature.
Guarantee details: Anolon steamer models are covered under the manufacturer's lifetime guarantee.
This section is aimed at helping you find the best deals and cheapest prices on all Anolon food steamer models online. On the top of the section, you may find an Anolon steamer listed with all its technical features, specs and prices for you to make a quick comparison before you buy one. We will update the section with more of their food steamer products as and when they are available online.
Food Steamer Models from Anolon:
Raymond Blanc (20cm)


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Listen KukaBolika !!! - Supported by: Roger Sanchez (Indeep), Richard 'Merlyn' Martin ( Subdivisions Global Radio Show (Di.fm/techhouse), Viva La Tech - LA), Chuck Flask (Paxahau), Matt Cerf (Armada), D-Unity (Armada, Toolroom, Yoshitoshi, Beat Therapy Rec), MOUDY (Positive Vibes), Topspin & Dmit Kitz (Vibra Macz), Mateo Murphy, Cody Lee (Resident Dj Spundae, Grooveradio), Denis A, Andrea Roma, Dyno.
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HUDSON Men's Jeans (7 of 8)
And, in case you have a skinny man in mind, here are similar styles cut for a slighter build. Cromer: M235DHK, $198. Rye: M235DSU, $209. 04/11/10
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"Sotsiometer" independent research center conducted a survey in all marzes of the republic to predict the voter turnout during the forthcoming parliamentary elections. Thirty-eight percent of the 1 200 respondents know who they are going to vote for. According to Head of the "Sotsiometer" research center Aharon Adibekyan, 17-18% has no political preferences, and they will be the target for the political forces.
The sociologist predicts that the Armenian National Congress may be the third to pass, while the Prosperous Armenia Party has good chances to grab votes both from the authorities and the opposition.
According to preliminary data, all opposition forces – the Armenian National Congress, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and the Heritage – have good chances to be represented in the next parliament.
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The Secret To Detoxifying Your Body
Adding fibre to your diet is a vital part of staying healthy. But you have to take numerous bowls of bland food each day just to have the right amount. Worry no more! Just one sachet of Infibre before dinner each day assures you have enough fibre to maintain good digestive health. Infibre contains senna leaf and a high percentage of physilium husk that help regulate your bowels. Particularly rich in dietary fibre, Infibre is specially formulated to naturally excrete the excessive fat in your body through bowel movement.


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Servants of the Lord (Matthew 26:30-35)
Timo Keskitalo, March 22, 2009Part of the Exposition of Matthew series, preached at a Sunday Service service
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Matthew 26:30-35
30 And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives. 31 Then Jesus said to them, "You will all fall away because of me this night. For it is written, 'I will strike the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered.' 32 But after I am raised up, I will go before you to Galilee." 33 Peter answered him, "Though they all fall away because of you, I will never fall away." 34 Jesus said to him, "Truly, I tell you, this very night, before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times." 35 Peter said to him, "Even if I must die with you, I will not deny you!" And all the disciples said the same. (ESV)
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Displaying Items 1 - 30 of 79
TONY CURTIS Cigar Box Assemblage, Circa 1979 - Fabulous One Of A Kind
Barkus Farm Antiques Collectibl
Rare Mayfair Club Hollywood 1929 Medal Lapel Pin
Old Things
Set Nightmare Before Christmas Bookmarks Disney Tim Burton
California Girls
Memorabilia Of Movie Star Shirley Temple
Shirley's Dolls
'Moonlight Swim', Movie Star Anthony Perkins Cover Portrait, 1957
Now and Then
SCARCE 1960's 'Cindy Williams' Hollywood Studio Photograph - Movie Memorabilia / Laverne & ...
Tapestry Collectibles Books & J
Greta Garbo: Vintage Photo Print by Ross
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Vintage 50s French Actress Pascale Petit Large Photo by Sam Levin
Poppy's Vintage Jewelry and Fou
Romy Schneider and Lilli Palmer, vintage Photo
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Letter Opener from the movie "El Cid" with Sophia Loren and Charlton Heston
Long Lake Antiques
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Greta Garbo Photo. Luxury Edition by Ross
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Vintage c. 1950s Elizabeth Taylor Movie Star Dime Store Pocket Mirror
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Rudolf Nureyew as Rudolph Valentino in Ken Russells Movie Valentino. b/w Still.
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FABULOUS Vintage MOVIE CARD 1952 Untamed Frontier Western Movie
Evelynne's Oldies But Goodies
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7 old Movie programs related to WWII from 1954 1969
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Vintage 1969 Printers Plate Of Katharine Hepburn And Yul Brynner
Better Yours Than Mine Collecti
Old Japanese Movie Program: Joan Crawford, Neil Hamilton, Clark Gable.
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Six 1937 Movie Theatre Coming Attractions Ads
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Elke Sommer autograph on b/w photo
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1956 The Mountain Paramount Theater Showmanship Manual, Spencer Tracy
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3 vintage photos related to German Movie Stars. Africa trip in the 1920s
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SALE Superman's Girlfriend Noel Neal (Lois Lane) Cover Picture, July 8, 1945
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Shirley Temple Photograph. Larger Vintage Photo
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SALE Fourteen 1940s-50s Movie Star Front Pages, Sunday Supplements
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Yves Montand postcard issued in former East Germany
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SALE Thirteen 1940s Sunday Supplement Newspapers with Movie Star Front Pages
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2 Movie Stars and their dogs. Vintage Photo Postcards
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Rare Count Basie Photo with Russ Hager, Drummer
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Jackie Coogan - early Ross Photo. 1920s
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Elvis Presley. 3 old Movie Programs.
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Wow! Moms really want paid family leave!
Posted February 23rd, 2012 by Ruth Martin2 Comments
March 2, 2012 at 9:35 am by MagdalenaWhy get incensed about this "injustice" of unpaid leave? Women shouldn't be working after having a child anyway. Get on your husband's health plan. Or if you really "need" two salaries to make ends meet, reduce your expenses and increase your income by other means before you decide to get pregnant.
February 23, 2012 at 7:59 pm by JayIf moms rising members want paid maternity leave, why are so many Americans, including members of moms rising I'm sure, against universal medical care in your country?
I live in Canada, & have full medical coverage. If I'm pregnant,all apointments with any doctor needed, is covered. All diagonstic tests are covered and, I get a years paid maternity leave.
I will also have my job when I return, as no employer can legally fire or replace a woman simply because she's been away on maternity leave.
The birth of my child/children & hospital stay is covered. The only time I'd have to pay extra money would be if I wanted a private room instead of a semi private room. The cost of a private room would be $20-$30 a day but is rarely asked for.
I, myself and everyone else in my province & the rest of Canada pay into a MSP monthly(medical service plan)
The monthly fees or premiums in my province are, $64.00 for one person, $116.00 for a family of two and $128.00 for a family of three or more. Those monthly fees/premiums cover every doctor, specialist, Xray, diagnostic test, operation etc, a patient might need.
We also have premium assistance for single persons or families with lower incomes. If the yearly pay/income is $22,000 or less, you pay nothing in MSP coverage, the government pays it for you.
As you income level rises, the premium assistance or subsidy you were getting lowers until you're paying full premium. Here is a list of our medical coverage fees & assistance/subsidy medical coverage fees, based on income.
Adjusted Net Income Subsidy Level
One Person
Family of Two
Family of Three or More
$0 – $22,000
100% premium assistance
$22,001 – $24,000
80% premium assistance
$24,001 – $26,000
60% premium assistance
$26,001 – $28,000
40% premium assistance
$28,001 – $30,000
20% premium assistance
Over $30,000
Full Rate
We may not have the most perfect medical system in the world, but its still darn good & has been a godsend to a great many Canadians when needed, myself, my DH, and grandchild, included.
The fact that none of our homes have to be remortgaged or sold to pay medical bills, & that none of us are knee deep in debt because of sky high medical bills, & that the poorest of poor are never turned away from getting the best of medical care, has to be an eye opener that having a universal medical plan is not a bad thing, it is a good thing.
- Reentry Ruminantions | postmodern childbirth
- Reproductive Rights and Realities on the 40th Anniversary of Roe v. Wade « MomsRising Blog


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Twig - Making the Datastore more manageableTwig is an object persistence interface built on Google App Engine's low-level datastore which overcomes many of JDO-GAEs limitations including full support for inheritance, polymorphism and generic types. You can easily configure, modify or extend
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Josephine Marie Mazotas (Comsky)Josephine M Mazotas - HeadstoneAdd a photo or record for Josephine M MazotasAdd
EditBasic Full Name: Josephine Marie Comsky 2 Full Name: Josephine M Mazotas 2 Birth: 20 Feb 1907 2 Death: 19 Oct 1995 2 Residence: Last Residence: San Antonio, TX 2
EditFamily Marriage: Walter Justin Mazotas 2 30 Sep 1935 2 West Virginia 2 Divorce Date: n/a 2 Spouse Death Date: 16 April 1979, Hartford, Connecticut 2
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Anyone can contribute to this page. Please sign in or sign up—it's free. Source: Social Security Death Index Created: 03 Sep 2008 Modified: 11 Oct 2013 Page Views: 235 total (9 this week)
Erlenebest ex father in law (sister in law)my ex father in law (sister in law) Added by Erlenebest 08 Aug 2010


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Yoshinogawa Winter Warrior Junmai Ginjo (In Store Only)
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Shimizu No Mai Pure Snow Junmai Nigori
"Melon with notes of cucumber and a hint of pear. Powerful flavor with distinctive texture accompanied by notes of ginger, Asian pear, and cantaloupe."
$11.99 / 300ml Bottle
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Boat Parts & Accessories
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Blackhawk Area Soccer Association
Join E-Mail tree
Laws of the Game 2008-2009
fixed soccer tips
A Letter From the President
Hello everyone and welcome to week two of Blackhawk Area Soccer! The season is off to a good start and it appears as that everyone is having a good time. I enjoyed speaking with some of the families as I walked around the fields and watched the kids play.
Parents please do not leave your child unattended at the fields without making arrangements with another adult. It is not safe to assume that someone will take responsibility for your child.
Coaches please scan the fields before leaving at the end of each evening. We want to make sure that we do not have any minors left standing alone. I would hate to hear about anything bad happening to any of our children.
We are still looking for board members and would welcome any inquiries from interested adults. Please contact a listed board member if you have any questions.
I look forward to meeting more families as the season progresses, and I hope everyone has a fun and exciting soccer season... paginas amarillas
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Post-Anesthesia Care Unit
Welcome to the PACU
You can play an active part in your child's recovery in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. It is important for your child to have you to comfort him or her at their bedside, and your knowledge about your child's unique needs can help the PACU nurse better care for your child.
The PACU is a large open room with curtains separating each bedside. Please help maintain the privacy of all patients and families by remaining at your child's beside.
Food, drinks, cameras and cell phones are not allowed in the PACU.
What to expect in the PACU
The amount of time that each child spends in the PACU will vary depending on the type of procedure and anesthetic. Children may remain in the PACU for 20 minutes or
several hours.
A nurse will be at your child's bedside during recovery in the PACU to make sure that he or she is comfortable and safe. Sometimes other children in the PACU are crying, and this may affect your child. Please know that we are working hard to comfort each child and family.
When children are brought into the PACU from the Operating Room they may have an intravenous line, other tubes or drains, and may be connected to monitoring devices. Children still are waking up from anesthesia, so they need to be watched closely.
It is normal for some children to look pale, puffy or swollen after surgery. Children that have had intravenous medicine may have a very itchy nose. This will go away.
Children react differently to anesthesia. Sometimes they may feel sick or vomit. Many children are given medicine to help stop this from happening. Children may have a sore throat if a breathing tube was used. This is all normal.
Helping your child in the PACU
Children wake up differently from anesthesia. Sometimes they wake up quickly and already will be awake before you arrive in the PACU. Other children sleep longer. If your child still is asleep when you arrive, please don't wake him or her up. Children often do better when they are allowed to wake up on their own.
Your presence at the bedside can be comforting. You can hold your child's hand and talk to him or her.
Sometimes children wake up shivering even though they are not cold. This is from the anesthesia. Encouraging your child to take deep breaths will help.
Young children sometimes wake up irritable and restless. This is called
"emergence delirium." They may cry, thrash, arch their backs, reach out and seem
inconsolable, even when held by their parents. This usually is not related to pain, and children usually do not remember it. Young children who have brief procedures are more likely to experience this, but it can happen at any age. Emergence delirium may be upsetting to see, but take comfort in the fact that it will go away. Sometimes it lasts 10 minutes, other times it lasts an hour or more. You can comfort your child by staying calm and speaking softly. Your child's nurse will be at the bedside with you to offer support and reassurance.
Visiting your child in the PACU
We understand that it may be difficult for you to see your child at this point in his or her recovery after surgery. If you feel that you are unable to stay in the PACU or visit your child, please know the best possible care will be provided for your child. You will receive updates on your child's condition. We will reunite you with your child as soon as possible. We will contact you in the waiting room when you can visit your child.
Occasionally, due to medical needs or safety concerns, the PACU staff may be unable to accommodate your visit. Please know that your child will be cared for and comforted during these times. We will keep you updated and informed.


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Upgrade your denim collection with these LC Lauren Conrad shorts. Dip-dyed design and resin wrinkles give these women's shorts a trendy look you'll love.
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Bury v Swindon
Kevin Blackwell's first home match in charge of Bury started in the worst possible way as Swindon's James Collins scored in the first minute.
The striker's first league goal for the Robins came from a well-judged 20-yard lob over keeper Trevor Carson.
Bury fought back and it took a fine Jay McEveley tackle to deny David Healy.
In the second half, Swindon took charge with Carson saving a volley from striker Adam Rooney but the Robins were not able extend their lead.
Bury manager Kevin Blackwell told BBC Radio Manchester:
"It's alright people saying we are being unlucky but sometimes you have to take responsibility and certain players didn't do that. I'm not going to accept it and I've said to the board we're going to have to change players.
"I'm well aware what's wrong, I have to change things and I'm going to. Some of the players aren't good enough and I shall shift them out as best I can.
"Some of the signings are garbage, but some of the players are good players and they need some help. They're getting bogged down trying to help other people.
"This will be a test of my coaching and managerial skills, that's for sure."
Lineup, Bookings (1) & Substitutions (6)
- 01 Carson
- 03 Skarz
- 05 Lockwood
- 17 Hughes
- 31 Doherty
- 06 Sweeney
- 08 Schumacher
- 11 Marshall
- 13 Carrington (Jones - 63' )
- 25 Healy (Cullen - 59' )
- 28 Hopper (Elford-Alliyu - 74' )
- 30 Belford
- 16 Sodje
- 04 Byrne
- 09 Jones
- 21 Jones
- 15 Elford-Alliyu
- 19 Cullen
- 01 Foderingham
- 03 McEveley
- 04 Flint
- 15 Thompson (Devera - 76' )
- 21 Bessone Booked
- 22 Ward
- 08 Ferry
- 10 Ritchie
- 18 Miller
- 09 Collins (Benson - 62' )
- 16 Williams (Rooney - 46' )
- 30 Bedwell
- 02 Archibald-Henville
- 05 Devera
- 06 Navarro
- 33 Bostock
- 14 Benson
- 28 Rooney
Live Text Commentary
Full Time The referee blows his whistle to end the game.
89:31Effort on goal by Adam Rooney from inside the box misses to the right of the target.
88:33Free kick awarded for a foul by Peter Sweeney on Matt Ritchie. Simon Ferry restarts play with the free kick.
86:33Free kick awarded for an unfair challenge on Mark Cullen by Aden Flint. The free kick is delivered right-footed by Steven Schumacher from right channel, save by Wes Foderingham.
84:12Inswinging corner taken by Peter Sweeney.
82:12Craig Jones gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on Darren Ward. Wes Foderingham takes the free kick.
79:45Mark Cullen has an effort at goal from the edge of the area that misses to the right of the target.
75:40Free kick crossed by Steven Schumacher, Aden Flint manages to make a clearance.
75:40 SubstitutionSubstitution Nathan Thompson leaves the field to be replaced by Joe Devera.
75:40Free kick awarded for a foul by Nathan Thompson on Mark Cullen.
73:35 SubstitutionSubstitution Lateef Elford-Alliyu on for Tom Hopper.
69:28The offside flag is raised against Craig Jones. Wes Foderingham restarts play with the free kick.
67:53Simon Ferry takes a shot. Save by Trevor Carson. Matt Ritchie takes a inswinging corner to the near post.
66:14The referee blows for offside against Mark Cullen. Wes Foderingham takes the free kick.
63:55Matt Ritchie decides to take the corner short.
62:56Tommy Miller challenges Steven Schumacher unfairly and gives away a free kick. Steven Schumacher takes the direct free kick.
62:08 SubstitutionSubstitution Mark Carrington goes off and Craig Jones comes on.
61:04 SubstitutionSubstitution Paul Benson is brought on as a substitute for James Collins.
58:52 SubstitutionSubstitution David Healy goes off and Mark Cullen comes on.
58:08Adam Rooney takes a shot. Mark Hughes gets a block in.
Free kick awarded for a foul by James Collins on Mark Hughes. Mark Hughes takes the free kick.
53:34The ball is delivered by Simon Ferry.
52:51The referee blows for offside. Aden Flint restarts play with the free kick.
50:36Free kick awarded for an unfair challenge on Jay McEveley by Tom Hopper. Direct free kick taken by Tommy Miller. Shot from inside the area by James Collins clears the bar.
48:04Tom Hopper fouled by Aden Flint, the ref awards a free kick. Peter Sweeney takes the free kick.
47:47The referee blows for offside. Steven Schumacher takes the free kick.
45:01The second half begins.
45:01 SubstitutionSubstitution Andy Williams goes off and Adam Rooney comes on.
45:00 +2:01 Half timeHalf Time The referee blows for half time.
43:33Unfair challenge on Marcus Marshall by Jay McEveley results in a free kick. Peter Sweeney takes the free kick.
43:12James Collins handles the ball and concedes a free kick. Trevor Carson takes the free kick.
40:25The official flags Nathan Thompson offside. Mark Hughes takes the indirect free kick.
39:30Shot by Peter Sweeney from outside the box goes over the target.
37:53Unfair challenge on Peter Sweeney by Matt Ritchie results in a free kick. Free kick crossed by Steven Schumacher, Nathan Thompson manages to make a clearance.
36:50Joe Skarz gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on Matt Ritchie. Free kick crossed by Matt Ritchie, comfortable save by Trevor Carson.
36:10Matt Ritchie takes a inswinging corner.
35:48Matt Ritchie takes the inswinging corner, clearance by Steven Schumacher.
33:34Free kick awarded for an unfair challenge on Andy Williams by Mark Carrington. Jay McEveley takes the free kick.
32:12Jay McEveley gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on Marcus Marshall. Steven Schumacher crosses the ball from the free kick left-footed from right wing, clearance by Aden Flint.
30:02Federico Bessone takes a shot. Blocked by Matt Doherty.
28:24Joe Skarz gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on James Collins. Tommy Miller takes the free kick. Jay McEveley takes a shot.
24:12Foul by Simon Ferry on Peter Sweeney, free kick awarded. Peter Sweeney takes the direct free kick.
21:48Matt Doherty gives away a free kick for an unfair challenge on Andy Williams. Jay McEveley takes the free kick.
20:18Peter Sweeney delivers the ball from the free kick left-footed from right wing, save made by Wes Foderingham.
20:18 BookingBooking Federico Bessone is cautioned.
20:07Free kick awarded for a foul by Federico Bessone on Marcus Marshall.
17:46Corner taken by Steven Schumacher from the left by-line to the near post, clearance by Andy Williams.
17:16Inswinging corner taken from the left by-line by Peter Sweeney, save by Wes Foderingham.
15:24Matt Ritchie takes a shot. Save made by Trevor Carson.
13:50The assistant referee signals for offside against James Collins. Trevor Carson takes the indirect free kick.
13:08Andy Williams has shot on goal from just outside the box which goes wide of the right-hand upright.
11:21Inswinging corner taken by Peter Sweeney. Effort from outside the penalty area by Steven Schumacher goes wide left of the target.
11:04Corner from the left by-line taken by Steven Schumacher, save by Wes Foderingham.
10:38Peter Sweeney takes a corner.
10:21David Healy takes a shot. Blocked by Jay McEveley.
9:29The assistant referee flags for offside against David Healy. Wes Foderingham takes the free kick.
8:59Jay McEveley challenges Marcus Marshall unfairly and gives away a free kick. Direct free kick taken by Steven Schumacher.
8:29James Collins produces a right-footed shot from just outside the penalty box that misses to the left of the goal.
6:53Foul by Aden Flint on Tom Hopper, free kick awarded. Free kick taken by Mark Hughes.
5:55Marcus Marshall is ruled offside. Free kick taken by Wes Foderingham.
0:37Matt Ritchie provided the assist for the goal.
0:37 Goal scoredGoal! - James Collins - Bury 0 - 1 Swindon James Collins fires in a goal from outside the area to the top left corner of the goal. Bury 0-1 Swindon.
0:00The referee gets the match started.
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So it's 40′s with light rain, and I opt to take my recovery ride to the Umstead bridle trails. I suit up with my layers and rain jacket. I reach into my bag o' gear and I pull out the left cycling shoe. Wait? What's this? This isn't the mountain bike shoe! Arg. Uh oh– what's the other shoe I have with me? It IS a mountain bike shoe and luckily for the right foot. Nice.
So other than the fact that I didn't pay attention to what I was doing this morning when I packed the bag, here's what I learned today:
1. My cleats are positioned differently on my road and mountain bike shoes. It was interesting to feel the difference in muscle usage between the positions. I probably should move the mountain bike shoe cleats up a touch.
2. Windproof socks don't do kaka when they're soaking wet. My tootsie-sicles prompted me to end the ride when I did instead of extend it a little.
3. Raindrops in my eyes at 28 mph kind of hurts.
4. On days like this, if I could find an all uphill course, I would take it. Downhills were no fun.
Ooh. This is off topic, but I just learned it watching some track and field coverage. Super duper awesome distance runner and UNC alum Shalane Flanagan is moving back to North Carolina pretty soon. Awesome! Count me as a Shalane fan.
Ooh again. Speaking of ridiculously talented female athletes, IOS/Triangle Multisport Tri teammate Kristin Price just won the Coach Bubba 20k in a new stupidly fast course record. Also, other teammate Alisha Lion just blew out the pro women's field at the Phoenix Classic Duathlon. She outran and out biked an impressive field of professionals. I mean, really. You think I'm fast for my win at po-dunk Du? You have no idea…


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This is my newest creation ;) First PSP Runescape Portal Ever!
RSPortal is a webbased "application/portal" for psp which contains links,information,animati on pictures and more stuff related to out favorite game RUNESCAPE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! 8) :)
Unfortunately, this version (beta 1) doesn't include any videos because psp cannot even handle gif videos. (I'll try to do whatever i can to fix that..<maybe i'll use the lowest quality..>)
Anyway, here are some basic information:
Name: RSPortal
Version: Beta 1.0
Created by: bboyjcm
Website: www.freewebs.com/bboyjcm
Download Link: http://www.mediafire.com/?7l99bcyz2dv
Mirror: http://rapidshare.com/files/64926863/RSPortal.rar.html
Download the .rar file from the download links, unzip it and place the folder to the root of your memory stick. Open the psp internet browser and write : <without quotes> "file:/rsportal/index.html"