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US 5677390 A Abstract This invention features a process for brominating styrenic polymers, which process comprises forming a reaction mass by feeding a mixture, (i) which is substantially free of a bromination catalyst and (ii) which is formed from at least brominating agent and a styrenic polymer, to a catalytic quantity of a bromination catalyst.
Claims(11) 1. A process for brominating styrenic polymers, which process comprises forming a reaction mass by feeding a mixture (i) which is substantially free of a bromination catalyst and (ii) which is formed from at least a brominating agent and a styrenic polymer, to a catalytic quantity of a bromination catalyst.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the mixture is additionally formed from a solvent which solubilizes the styrenic polymer.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the bromination catalyst is present in a solution, slurry, dispersion or suspension.
4. The process of claim 2 wherein the bromination catalyst is present in a suspension formed at least from the bromination catalyst and a solvent of the type used to solubilize the styrenic polymer.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the mole ratio of the brominating agent to styrenic polymer used to form the feed mixture is within the range of from about 1:1 to about 8:1.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the bromination catalyst is a Lewis acid catalyst.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the bromination catalyst is AlCl.sub.3, AlBr.sub.3, FeCl.sub.3, FeBr.sub.3 or a mixture of any two or more of the foregoing.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein the bromination catalyst is AlCl.sub.3, AlBr.sub.3 or a mixture thereof and there is no substantial pre-addition of brominating agent to the bromination catalyst prior to initiation of the brominating agent/styrenic polymer mixture feed.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein the bromination catalyst is contained in a reactor and a stream from the reactor, comprising the bromination catalyst, is fed to a mixer external to the reactor and to which is also fed the brominating agent/styrenic polymer mixture to yield a second stream which in turn is fed back to the reactor.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein such feedings occur substantially continuously until most all of the brominating agent/styrenic polymer mixture has been fed to the process.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein the bromination catalyst is contained in a reactor and the brominating agent and styrenic polymer are fed to a mixing nozzle from which is discharged the brominating agent/styrenic polymer mixture, the discharge occurring within the reactor to effect the brominating agent/styrenic polymer mixture feed.
Description This invention relates to an economical and safe process for producing high quality brominated polystyrenic resins. Brominated polystyrenic resins, i.e., polymers containing alkenyl aromatic repeating units, are useful flame retardants. Particularly useful are brominated polystyrenes, especially those containing at least about 60 wt % bromine. High value is placed on brominated polystyrene which has close to 70 wt % bromine and a near-white color. This highly valued product is not easily obtained as most processes are limited by the inverse correlation between high bromine content and good color. In addition to obtaining a high bromine content and good color, the brominated resin should have no or at least a very low degree of cross-linking present. Most processes for brominating styrenic polymers feature contacting a brominating agent, e.g., bromine, BrCl and the like, with a solution of the styrenic polymer in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as AlCl.sub.3, AlBr.sub.3, FeCl.sub.3, and FeBr.sub.3. Using this basic model, the art has, over the years, strived to divine the best possible process. Success has not been easy as the various proposed processes have not fully fulfilled their promise. U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,496 describes an intriguing process for brominating styrenic polymers to obtain a high quality product in good yields. The process features contacting a solution of at least one styrenic polymer with a brominating agent in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, wherein both the styrenic polymer and the brominating agent are separately fed into contact with the Lewis acid catalyst. The '496 patent stresses the importance of the separated feeds. When the catalyst used is very active, say AlCl.sub.3, it is also deemed critical to insure a thorough dispersion of some of the brominating agent in the catalyst before the styrenic polymer is fed. Thus, it is recommended that at least 5 mole percent of the total brominating agent be pre-added to the reactor. The '496 process, while it may be an improvement over the prior art processes, is not a panacea. In a study of the bromination of polystyrene, it was concluded that processes which use separate brominating agents and polystyrene feeds, as is taught by the '496 patent, run the danger of experiencing vapor eruptions which can cause the reactor contents to be splashed to the top of the reactor and on into the reflux and feed trains. It is believed that the intensity of these eruptions will be highest where the more active catalysts are used and/or where the reaction conditions favor vigorous bromination. Also, it is predicted that the problem of vapor eruptions will be most serious in commercial-size reactors, say from about 500 to about 6,000 gal. reactors, since such reactors cannot be, from a practical viewpoint, as highly stirred as can be smaller reactors. The vapor eruption is the result of poor heat and mass transfer. When the brominating agent feed is separate from the styrenic polymer feed and the reactor is large and not highly stirred, there are good opportunities for highly concentrated, large amounts of the two reactants to meet. The resulting exothermic reaction, without good heat transfer, can cause vaporization of some of the reaction solvent. Also, the bromination reaction produces HBr as a gaseous by-product which contributes to the total vapor volume. When the combined vapor volume is large and localized, there can be expected the above-mentioned eruption. It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a process for brominating styrenic polymers, which process is safe from vapor eruptions and which produces a brominated styrenic polymer having excellent color, high bromine content and little cross-linking. This invention features a process for brominating styrenic polymers, which process comprises forming a reaction mass by feeding a mixture (i) which is substantially free of a bromination catalyst and (ii) which is formed from at least a brominating agent and a styrenic polymer, to a catalytic quantity of a bromination catalyst. Since some styrenic polymers are solids or are quite viscous at feed temperatures, it is preferred that the mixture additionally include a solvent capable of solubilizing the styrenic polymer. The phrase, "substantially free of a bromination catalyst", is to be taken to mean less than a catalytically effective amount of catalyst. With such low amounts, little or no catalyzed bromination or cross-linking should occur. Generally, such amounts will be less than 500 ppm (weight basis) of styrenic polymer present. By practicing the process of this invention in the above-described manner, several benefits are realized. First, by having the brominating agent and styrenic polymer reactants fed as a mixture, the formation of large volumes of vapor and the eruption of same are obviated. Second, it has been demonstrated that by using a feed mixture formed from a brominating agent and a styrenic polymer, the most active bromination catalyst can be used without having to practice prior art techniques to protect against cross-linking of the styrenic polymer. For example, so as to guard against cross-linking when AlCl.sub.3 is the catalyst, there is no need to pre-add bromine to the reactor as is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,496. Nor is there a need to add a Lewis base, e.g., water, to the reaction vessel to control cross-linking as is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,200,703. Nor is there a need to use a less active catalyst in an anhydrous system to tame cross-linking as is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,352,909. Third, by forming a mixture from the brominating agent and styrenic polymer reactants, especially a homogenous mix, there is avoided concentration anomalies which can give rise to the production of undesirable by-products. In prior art processes where bromine is added to a reaction mass of styrenic polymer and catalyst, there is an anomalous zone, in the area of the bromine addition, in which the polymer sees an overabundance of bromine. In the case of adding separate bromine and styrenic polymer streams to a reactor containing a bromination catalyst, there will be two anomalous zones, one rich in bromine and the other rich in polymer. By not having the correct stoichiometry in these zones, there are introduced opportunities for the formation of undesirable by-products. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram depicting a process of this invention. Styrenic polymers which are brominated in accordance with the present invention are homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers, that is, monomers having an unsaturated moiety and an aromatic moiety. The preferred vinyl aromatic monomers have the formula: H.sub.2 C═CR--Ar wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Ar is an aromatic radical (including various alkyl and halo-ring-substituted aromatic units) of from 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Examples of such vinyl aromatic monomers are styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, ortho-methylstyrene, meta-methylstyrene, para-methylstyrene, para-ethylstyrene, isopropenyltoluene, isopropenylnaphthalene, vinyl toluene, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl biphenyl, vinyl anthracene, the dimethylstyrenes, t-butylstyrene, the several chlorostyrenes (such as the mono- and dichloro- variants), the several bromostyrenes (such as the mono-, dibromo- and tribromo- variants). Polystyrene is the currently preferred styrenic polymer and, when the styrenic polymer being brominated is a copolymer of two or more vinyl aromatic monomers, it is preferred that styrene be one of the monomers and that styrene comprise at least 50 weight percent of the copolymerizable vinyl aromatic monomers. The styrenic polymers, which are brominated in accordance with the present invention, are readily prepared by bulk or mass, solution, suspension or emulsion polymerization techniques comparable to those employed in the polymerization of styrene. Polymerization can be effected in the presence of free radical, cationic or anionic initiators, such as di-t-butyl peroxide, azo-bis(isobutyronitrile), di-benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, potassium persulfate, aluminum trichloride, boron trifluoride, etherate complexes, titanium tetrachloride, n-butyllithium, t-butyllithium, cumylpotassium, 1,3-trilithiocyclohexane, and the like. The polymerization of styrene, alone or in the presence of one or more monomers copolymerizable with styrene, is well known and it is considered unnecessary to further discuss the polymerization process. The styrenic polymers having a molecular weight of at least 1,000, preferably at least 50,000 and most preferably 150,000 to 500,000, are brominated in accordance with the present invention. Although styrenic polymers outside these molecular weight ranges can be brominated in accordance with the present invention, there is typically no economic advantage in so doing. The catalyst used in the processes of this invention can be any bromination catalyst, provided that the catalyst does not act to frustrate the efficient and safe production of a high quality brominated polystyrenic product. The favored catalysts are the Lewis acid catalysts which are typified by AlCl.sub.3, FeCl.sub.3, AlBr.sub.3, FeBr.sub.3, SbCl.sub.5, ZrCl.sub.4, and the like. Fe, Al and Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 may be used to form Lewis acid catalysts by simply adding them to the reaction system. Mixtures of catalyst can also be used. Once the catalyst has been added to the reaction system, it may undergo some reaction without significant loss of catalytic activity, e.g., AlCl.sub.3 may convert to some extent to AlBr.sub.3. The more preferred catalysts are the aluminum and iron-based catalysts. Of these, the most preferred are the aluminum and iron halides, especially the bromides and chlorides. AlCl.sub.3 and FeCl.sub.3 are most highly preferred, with AlCl.sub.3 being the catalyst of choice. The catalyst is used in an amount which is sufficient to obtain the catalytic effect sought. These catalytic amounts will depend on the activity of the catalyst, but will generally fall within the range of from about 0.2 to about 20 weight percent and preferably within the range of from about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent, based on the weight of the styrenic polymer being brominated. The most active catalysts will be used in the lower amounts while the less active catalysts will be used in the higher amounts. For the preferred aluminum and iron-based catalysts, it is preferred that they be used in amounts within the range of from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent. AlCl.sub.3 and FeCl.sub.3 are useful in amounts within the range of from about 0.2 to about 10 weight percent. When AlCl.sub.3 is the catalyst, amounts within the range of from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent are preferred. The brominating agents useful in the process of this invention can be any of those which can brominate aromatic carbons in the polymer's vinyl aromatic units (hereinafter also referred to as styrenic monomer units). The art recognizes Br.sub.2 and BrCl as good brominating agents, with the former being most preferred. Bromine can be obtained commercially in the diatomic form or can be generated by the oxidation of HBr. Br.sub.2 can be supplied either as a liquid or a gas. The amount of brominating agent used in the process should provide an overall mole ratio of total brominating agent to total styrenic polymer fed, which will provide from 1 to 3 bromine substitutions per styrenic monomer unit in the polymer. Generally, it is desired that the brominated styrenic polymer products of this invention contain at least 30 wt % bromine, based upon the total weight of the brominated polymer. It is preferred that the brominated polymer contain above about 50 wt % bromine and most preferably above about 60 wt % bromine. For any particular styrenic polymer, the amount of brominating agent used in the process will be determined by the bromine content desired considering the highest bromine content which is obtainable with the process parameters chosen. The higher bromine contents will require the most brominating agent. It is pointed out that as perbromination is approached, it becomes more difficult to substitute the last bromines. Adding ever larger amounts of a brominating agent does not always attenuate this difficulty. However, it is helpful, in attempting to maximize the bromine content, to provide a small stoichiometric excess of brominating agent. Stoichiometric excesses up to about 10% are preferred. The stoichiometry is easily determined as it requires one mole of Br.sub.2 or BrCl per substitution sought. In practice, the practitioner will determine the bromine content sought on a weight basis and then will calculate, on an idealized basis, the number of moles of brominating agent needed to obtain the same. For example, if the styrenic polymer is polystyrene and the bromine content sought is 68 wt %, at least 2.7 moles of bromine or BrCl per styrenic monomer unit will be required, not including any desired stoichiometric excess. For brominated polystyrene, a bromine content of from about 40 to about 70+ wt % bromine is desirable. This range can be theoretically obtained with a mole ratio of bromine to styrenic monomer unit of from about 0.9:1 to about 3.0:1 Preferred for brominated polystyrene is a bromine content of from about 60 to about 70+ wt %, which can be obtained with a theoretical mole ratio of from about 1.9:1 to about 3.0:1 for bromine or BrCl. The processes of this invention can, with facility, provide up to 70 wt %, say 67-68 wt %, bromine. In determining the amount of brominating agent in the process, the brominating agent in the feed mixture and any brominating agent pre-added prior to the feed of the mixture are both counted. As pointed out herein, it is not necessary to pre-add a brominating agent to the catalyst and, thus, all of the process brominating agent requirements can be supplied via the feed of the mixture. If, however, the practitioner chooses to pre-add a brominating agent to the reactor, it can be done. While the foregoing describes the overall quantitative relationship between the brominating agent and styrenic polymer, the quantitative relationship between these two reactants in the feed mixture has not been fully discussed. Generally, the mixture which is to be fed will contain from about 1 to about 8 moles of brominating agent per mole of styrenic monomer units at any time during the feed period. During the feed, the quantitative relationship can be constant or can vary within the above-mentioned range. (It is within the scope of this invention to allow for some excursions outside of the range so long as such does not do significant harm to the process efficiency or to product quality.) A preferred range is from about 2.5 to about 5 moles of brominating agent per mole of styrenic monomer units in the feed mixture. As can be appreciated, the use of an amount of brominating agent in the feed mixture which gives a mole ratio of brominating agent to styrenic monomer units which is less than or greater than the selected overall mole ratio of brominating agent to styrenic monomer units, will result in exhaustion of either the brominating agent or the styrenic polymer as a mixture constituent before exhaustion of the other constituent. For example, if the practitioner chooses to produce brominated polystyrene with a 70 wt % bromine content, an overall molar ratio of bromine to styrenic monomer units of 3.0:1, and any excess if desired, would be suitable. If the practitioner chooses to form a feed mixture in which the molar ratio of bromine to styrenic monomer units is 1:1, it can be seen that the amount of polystyrene to be fed will be completed before obtaining the needed overall amount of bromine. In this case, the practitioner first uses the 1:1 mixture and then continues on with just a bromine feed after the polystyrene feed has been exhausted. If, on the other hand, the molar ratio in the feed mixture is chosen to be 5:1, then the bromine will first become exhausted and the feed will have to be finished with the polystyrene alone. Generally, it is preferred to have the overall molar ratio and the feed mixture ratio at least somewhat similar. In all cases though, the initial feed should preferably contain at least a molar ratio of bromine to styrenic monomer units of 1:1. It is preferred that the bromine used in the process of this invention be essentially anhydrous, i.e., contain less than 100 ppm (weight basis) water and contain no more than 10 ppm organic impurities, e.g., oil, grease, carbonyl containing hydrocarbons, iron, and the like. Available, commercial grade bromine may have such purity. If, however, such is not available, the organic impurities and water content of the bromine can be conveniently reduced by mixing together a 3 to 1 volume ratio of bromine and concentrated (94-98 percent) sulfuric acid. A two-phase mix is formed which is stirred for 10-16 hours. After stirring and settling, the sulfuric acid phase, along with the impurities and water, is separated from the bromine phase. To further enhance the purity of the bromine, the recovered bromine phase can be subjected to distillation. As before stated, it is preferred that the processes of this invention use a solvent. The solvent must be capable of solubilizing the styrenic polymer feed and underbrominated intermediates and be relatively inert to the process at reaction conditions. The solvent should also exhibit solubility of the underbrominated styrenic polymers and, in preferred cases, the final brominated product. Preferred solvents are those in which the bromination catalyst is also soluble, readily dispersed or readily suspended. Halogenated solvents are preferred and are exemplified by carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, tetrachloroethane, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, trichlorobenzene, methylene bromide, 1,2-dibromoethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, bromochloromethane, and mixtures thereof. Especially preferred are bromochloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and methylene chloride. By forming a solution of solvent and styrenic polymer, the polymer becomes easy to handle and mix with bromine. The solutions of this invention preferably contain from about 5 to about 50 wt % polymer. More highly preferred are those which contain from about 5 to about 30 wt % polymer. It is preferred to have the bromination catalyst, to which the bromine/styrenic polymer mixture is fed, to be in association with a liquid so that the catalyst can be in a solution, slurry, dispersion or suspension. Such will enhance reaction mass mixing and mass transfer qualities. It is expedient, but not necessary, to use the same liquid, i.e., solvent, that is used to form the styrenic polymer solution. Thus, in a preferred mode, processes of this invention will provide a mixture of halogenated solvent and catalyst in the reactor into which the styrenic polymer/brominating agent mixture can be fed. The mixture of halogenated solvent and catalyst is best described as a suspension. Generally, it is suitable to use from about 95 to about 99.9 wt % liquid and preferably from about 99 to about 99.8 wt %, based on the total weight of liquid and catalyst. The solvent used to dissolve the styrenic polymer and the liquid used in association with the catalyst are preferably dry, that is, they contain less than about 200 ppm (weight basis) water between them and preferably less than about 150 or 100 ppm water. The presence of water is not desired as, in significant quantities, it can deactivate the catalyst to an undesirable extent. If, for some reason, the practitioner has large amounts of water in the process and dewatering is not practical, then it may be possible to overcome the situation by simply increasing the amount of catalyst used. For the process of this invention, it is not a feature to solely use water to avoid cross-linking as is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,200,703, but rather, this invention attenuates cross-linking by means which include its novel feeding technique. The styrenic polymer/brominating agent mixture feed should occur expeditiously, with consideration being given to the ability of the process equipment to handle the heat load from the exothermic process, the evolving HBr, and other process concerns. In short, the feed can occur over the shortest time period that will be allowed by the equipment without excursion outside of critical process parameters. Generally, it is anticipated that the feed period will be from 0.5 to 3 hours for a commercial-size plant. Shorter feed periods are expected for smaller scale processes. The process of this invention occurs at a temperature within the range of from about -20 range of from about 0 atmospheric, subatmospheric or superatmospheric. To carry out a process of this invention, a bromination catalyst, say AlCl.sub.3, is suspended in essentially anhydrous bromochloromethane, to give an easily stirrable suspension. The suspension is prepared in a glass-lined, stirred reactor and brought to a temperature within the range of from about -5 inert, dry atmosphere in the reactor. A solution of a styrenic polymer and solvent, e.g., bromochloromethane, is prepared and intimately mixed with a bromine stream to yield a homogenous mixture. The cool mixture is fed into the stirred bromination catalyst suspension in the reactor. The intimate mixing of the styrenic polymer solution and brominating agent can be accomplished in a number of ways. For example, the solution and a brominating agent can be fed to a mixing device, e.g., a mixing nozzle, at the lower end of the dip tube in the reactor which extends to a point below the suspension level. The mixing device is designed to obtain the intimate mixing of the solution and brominating agent. Also, the mixing device acts to impart mixing energy, at the point of feed, to the intimate mixture and catalyst suspension. Another technique for obtaining intimate mixing of the styrenic polymer solution and brominating agent, is to use an exterior reactor loop having an in-line mixer, say an impingement mixer. Generally, the use of an exterior reactor loop includes first charging the reactor with a bromination catalyst slurry, suspension, etc., and then withdrawing from the reactor a stream which is then fed to a mixer external of the reactor. A mixture formed from at least bromine and styrenic polymer is also fed to the mixer to yield a second mixture which is formed from the two feeds to the mixer. The second mixture is subsequently fed back to the reactor. The stream withdrawn from the reactor will initially comprise the catalyst. After the second mixture is fed to the reactor and the process runs, the withdrawn stream will begin to comprise brominated polystyrene along with catalyst. As the process continues, the degree of bromination of the polystyrene will increase. Exemplifying the use of an exterior reactor loop, reference is made to FIG. 1 wherein there is shown a reactor, generally designated by the numeral 1. Reactor 1 is a stirred reactor and initially contains a suspension comprising catalyst and solvent, say any of the preferred halogenated hydrocarbon solvents. Reactor discharge conduit 4 provides a stream from reactor 1 which is fed to pump 5. Pump 5 pressurizes the stream so that it is fed with force via conduit 7 to impingement mixer 10. Bromine is fed via conduit 20 to pump P.sub.1 while, at the same time, a solution of polystyrene and solvent (preferably the same solvent as that which is in reactor 1) is fed via conduit 22 to pump P.sub.2. Pumps P.sub.1 and P.sub.2 feed in-line mixer 11 to obtain an intimate mixture of bromine, polystyrene, and solvent. This intimate mixture is fed to impingement mixer 10, wherein it is intimately mixed with the stream from reactor 1. The discharge from impingement mixer 10 is fed via conduit 33 to reactor 1 through feed port 3. The removal of contents from reactor 1 and their feed to impingement mixer 10 continues to occur until at least substantially all of the bromine and polystyrene/solvent solution have been fed. As can be appreciated, the contents of reactor 1 change in composition during the bromine and polystyrene/solvent solution feeds. Initially, the contents of reactor 1 comprise catalyst and solvent. As the process runs, the reactor contents comprise and begin to become more rich in brominated polystyrene, some of which is underbrominated and some of which is of the degree of bromination sought. During a cook period, the final bromination occurs. Removal of the reactor contents can continue to occur during the cook period to aid in mixing. As pointed out earlier, the bromination of styrenic polymers is a substitution reaction. The main by-product from this reaction is HBr. The HBr formed in the process is usually found in the head space above the reactor contents. It is preferred that the HBr be removed and passed to a water scrubber or stored as dry HBr. A dry, inert gas, say nitrogen, can be used as a pad over the reactor contents to minimize the presence of water therein. The reactor is kept at a low temperature, e.g., from about 0 about 10 brominating feed, as the case may be, and preferably from about 4 to about 8 After the feed is accomplished, the reactor is maintained for a cook period of from about 0.5 to about 6 hours and preferably from about 1 to about 3 hours. The cook temperature is within the range of from about 0 about 10 2 bromination until the sought degree of bromination is obtained. It may be for a long period if the reaction parameters provide for mild bromination conditions during the bromine and polystyrene feeds or it may be for a short period if the parameters chosen provide for more severe bromination conditions. The cook period can occur in the reactor. After the cook period, the reaction mass can be treated with water, sodium sulfite, sodium gluconate and sodium hydroxide to deactivate the catalyst, kill any remaining brominating agent and to adjust the reaction mass pH. After these treatments, the reaction mass is settled to obtain a two-phase reaction mass containing an organic phase, which contains, as a solute, the brominated styrenic polymer product, and an aqueous phase. The aqueous phase is decanted and the remaining organic phase is stripped of its solvent component. It is most convenient to accomplish this strip by pouring the organic phase into boiling water. As the solvent is flashed off, the brominated styrenic polymer product forms a precipitate. The precipitate can be recovered by any liquid-solid separation technique, e.g., filtration, centrifugation, etc. The recovered precipitate is then dried. The following Examples illustrate the features of this invention. The Delta E values, along with the L, a and b values from which it is derived, were obtained by transmission measurements made with a HunterLab Color Quest Spectrocolorimeter. The transmission cell provided a 20 mm path length. The software was set to report the color in units of "Delta E-lab". The standardization/calibration was based upon chlorobenzene and obtained by use of the instrument's black and white standard tiles. The brominated polystyrene sample to be tested was prepared by measuring 5 grams of the sample into a 50 ml centrifuge tube. Then, 45 grams of chlorobenzene was placed in the tube. The tube is shaken for 1 hour on a wrist-action shaker. If, after the shaking period has lapsed, the solution is not clear, it is centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4,000 rpm. If the solution is still not clear, it is then centrifuged another 10 minutes. If the solution is still not clear, then it cannot be analyzed. Assuming a clear solution, the solution is poured to fill the 20 mm cell for placement in the colorimeter. The calibrated instrument is set to report color as "Delta E-lab". A 0.910 g (6.82 mmol) portion of aluminum chloride was suspended (stirred at 250 rpm) in 190 g of dry (13 ppm water) bromochloromethane (BCM) in 1-L jacketed flask cooled to 0 g portion of a 10.00 wt % solution of polystyrene (403.1/n mmol) in dry BCM was pumped at a constant rate of 8.46 g/min (8.13 mmol/min) to a jacketed, glycol-cooled mixing tee mounted on the reaction flask. At the same time, bromine was pumped at a constant rate of 6.09 g/min (38.1 mmol/min) to the same mixing tee where it combined with the polystyrene solution (feed tool ratio Br.sub.2 /PS is 4.69) before dropping into the stirred catalyst suspension in the reaction flask. The bromine feed was stopped after 30.0 min (1143.5 mmol) and the polystyrene solution feed was stopped after 49.6 min (overall tool ratio of Br.sub.2 /PS is 2.84). A rinse of 160 g of dry BCM was used for the polystyrene solution feed system to assure complete transfer of the polymer to the reaction flask. The reaction temperature was maintained at 0 throughout the addition and subsequent 2 hr cook period. The catalyst was deactivated by addition of 16.4 g of 10 wt % aqueous solution of sodium gluconate, and pH was adjusted to 14 by addition of 60.7 g of 10 wt % aqueous NaOH. The reaction mixture was washed with 10 wt % aqueous sodium sulfite followed by a water wash. The product was recovered from the organic phase by addition to vigorously stirred hot (90 The solvent distilled from the hot water leaving a slurry of the brominated polystyrene product in water. After filtering, the powdery solid was rinsed with water and dried to constant weight in a vacuum oven (150 The product contained 68.7 wt % total Br and 3600 ppm hydrolyzable Br. The HunterLab solution color (10 wt % in chlorobenzene) values were L=94.58, a=-2.79, b=17.29, Delta E=18.34. A Y-shaped mixing apparatus having a cooling jacket was equipped with 2 feed lines, each connected to a pump. One of the feed lines was for delivering bromine and the other was for delivering a PS and BCM solution. Bromine (93.3 g, 31.3 ml or 0.583 mole), delivered at a rate of 1 ml/min (19.4 mmol/min), and a PS/BCM solution (22.4 g PS, 0.215 mole and 97 ml or 194 g of anhydrous BCM), delivered at 4 ml/min (7.17 mmol/min), were fed simultaneously from their respective feed lines into the cooled (5 C.) Y-mixing apparatus. The resultant intimate mixture from the mixing apparatus was then fed into a cooled (5 (2 wt % based on PS) of aluminum chloride in 49 ml (98 g) of anhydrous BCM. Evolved HBr was scrubbed by a caustic solution during the reaction. The feeds were complete in 35 minutes and the mixture was cooked for 2 hours at 5 was isolated by precipitating from 500 ml of hot (90 described above. A total of 66 g of BrPS (97% yield) was obtained. The product contained 68.4 wt % total Br and 2800 ppm hydrolyzable Br. The HunterLab solution color (10 wt % in chlorobenzene) values were L=96.74, a=-1.90, b=15.99, Delta E=16.44. The brominated styrenic polymers of this invention are suitable for use as flame retardants in thermoplastics, especially engineering thermoplastics, e.g., polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon and the like. These brominated polymers are used in flame retarding quantities, say from about 5 to about 20 wt % brominated polymer per hundred weight of thermoplastic. Conventional blending techniques can be used as taught in the prior art. In addition, conventional additives, such as UV stabilizers, impact modifiers, flame retardant synergists, dyes, pigments, fillers, plasticizers, flow aids, antioxidants, free radical initiators and the like, may be used as the need requires. Patent Citations
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Tottenham Hotspur vs. Lyon: 6 Things We Learned in Their Europa League Meeting
By (Featured Columnist) on February 14, 2013
3,779 reads
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Tottenham Hotspur head to Lyon for next week's round of 32 second-leg with a narrow aggregate advantage after they beat the French outfit 2–1 at White Hart Lane.
A tight contest between the two was brought to life by three spectacular goals—two superb free-kicks from Gareth Bale coming either side of a marvellous half-volley from Samuel Umtiti.
Bale was the star of the show once again for the Spurs in a match they found hard to get into against a disciplined and dangerous Lyon side. The return leg has the makings of a terrific match, but here are some things learned from their first meeting.
Tottenham Have Found a Free-Kick Taker (He Was There All Along!)
Gareth Bale scores his second free-kick of the night.
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Shortly after Gareth Bale joined Tottenham, he scored a free-kick in a 3–1 loss at home to Arsenal. It was a great set-piece and Spurs fans might have been forgiven for thinking their young new signing might start scoring plenty more of them.
In fairness to Bale, he was injured for a while after that point. But, when he did come back, his free-kicks seemed in keeping with the general underwhelming standard practised by his teammates too. There would be the odd goal from dead ball situations, but they were rare.
Something had to change in this department for Tottenham, and it seems the Welshman has taken it upon himself to instigate this.
Bale told ITV's Ned Boulting in his post-match interview, he has been working on his free-kicks. Based on the two he scored against Lyon, the evidence would suggest Bale has improved his technique to such a degree he could soon be regarded as a specialist in such situations.
This double of course was on the back of another great free-kick against Newcastle United last Saturday, while Bale also scored one against Liverpool earlier this season.
Bale Truly Is in Terrific Form Right Now
Bale basks in the adulation of the White Hart Lane crowd.
Paul Gilham/Getty Images
Speaking of Bale, it is hardly new news, but the Tottenham winger is in some scintillating form right now.
Compared to his last few appearances in the Premier League, Bale was comparatively quiet versus Lyon. There were some threatening runs down the left flank and a couple of good shooting opportunities (one was a missed open-goal he could not quite angle his foot sufficiently to aim at the net).
Bale still managed to summon a couple moments of breathtaking quality to win this first leg for the Spurs. Even in a tight contest that he was able to step up and make the difference bodes well for several big games the North Londoners still have to come.
First up, the second leg of the Europa League Round of 32 out in Eastern France next week.
Spurs Must Be Alert to Lyon's Young Attacking Threats
Lyon boss Remi Garde has some fine talents to select from.
Paul Gilham/Getty Images
Lyon's best performers of Thursday night were probably its centrally positioned defenders and midfielders, who, between them, combined to deny Tottenham any real space. Maxime Gonalons was particularly destructive while Steed Malbranque put in a hard-working shift too.
The Spurs will be attempting to figure out a way they can best open up their French opposition next week, but they would also do well to prepare for some of Lyon's bright, young attacking contributors.
Bafetimbi Gomis and Lisandro Lopez were lively in attack and the former certainly will see a lot of their team's possession come his way again. However, it was a few of their less-experienced teammates that especially caught the eye in the final third.
Umtiti got forward from left-back to strike a stunning goal, while not long after Alexandre' Lacazette skipped through the Spurs' defense and midfield, and was only denied by a Brad Friedel save. Rachid Ghezzal, who has recently started frequently, came on late and gave an example of his fine crossing ability from the left wing.
In the home environment of the Stade de Gerland these young guns will be comfortable and keen to make an impact for their team. Remi Garde might not have the squad size his predecessors had, but he certainly has some fine talents to call upon.
Holtby Should Start Away at Lyon
A delighted Lewis Holtby is the first to congratulate Bale on his winner.
Paul Gilham/Getty Images
Tottenham struggled to establish any momentum in the second half, let alone create chances. Samuel Umtiti's equalizer put a spring in the collective footsteps of the Lyon team going forward for a while there, but mostly they were content to stifle the Spurs as effectively as they had for most of the game.
The Spurs had more joy engineering forward advances when Lewis Holtby replaced Clint Dempsey on the 67 minute mark. The German's appearance did not result in too many more chances, but there was a welcome extra vitality about his team's play thereafter.
For the Lyon midfield, it was a lot harder for them to deal with a player less enthral to positional constraints. Holtby was a menace, buzzing about and trying to find a way to open up the match.
Whether or not Villas-Boas intends to go in search of an early goal out in Lyon or have his team play it safe and bide its time will not be clear until closer to kick-off. Either way, Holtby's off-ball movement and willingness to close down could be the vital part needed for Spurs to get into gear before Lyon can even get going next time they meet.
A More Direct Approach Might Help Adebayor
Emmanuel Adebayor jumps with Milan Bisevac.
Paul Gilham/Getty Images
It was another quiet night's work for Emmanuel Adebayor. Though the Tottenham striker was not provided with a ton of service, he did little to play his way into the game either.
Might the way to get more out of Adebayor be to get the ball to him more directly?
Tottenham got some joy out of this approach in the Champions League two seasons ago when long balls and crosses were floated in Peter Crouch's direction. Ultimately a route they travelled through far too often in the Premier League with English defenses well-versed in such tactics. On the continent however, teams were less prepared.
Adebayor is not as tall as Crouch, but he has shown he can offer some threat in the air. For a player low on confidence and form, it might be a simpler way of getting him involved and making him useful. Lyon gave him so little time with the ball at his feet, perhaps he could be of better use trying to nod the ball down for the runs of the attacking midfielders who operate off him.
Villas-Boas will certainly not want to make this a fixture of his team stylistically, but the variation might do them some good in the Europa League against teams who work so much to shut them down elsewhere.
Both Clubs Are Up for the Cup
The Lyon traveling contingent were loud and proud.
Paul Gilham/Getty Images
The combined number of shots both teams took in this match (just 15) might suggest neither were going for the win with real conviction. After all, these are two clubs whose priority this season is qualifying for the 2013-14 Champions League.
That statistic was actually a result of two very good defensive displays in which resolute defensive work combined with stifling midfield play to restrict genuine chances to a minimum. The effort on the pitch was enough to suggest Tottenham and Lyon are keen to progress in this competition.
Just as telling was the joy of both sets of players and fans in celebrating their respective goals. Their reactions were those of people for whom the stakes of this match meant something. Lyon's fans especially were loud throughout and there should be an electric atmosphere at the Stade de Gerland next Thursday.
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text:
Kudos Loafer
Style H506154
The confidant, polished sophisticate has entered the room in the Kudos Loafer. An elegant mix of soft, brushed leather uppers and bubbly, floral poppy fabric linings satisfy visually while the WaveReflex® technology provides superior flexibility and comfort for all day wearing. Durable cement construction and a 2 inch leather stacked heel give this style room to move.


text:
Expressing full confidence in the American economy and asserting there are low chances of US default, RBI Governor Raghuram Rajan has ruled out selling out the Indian assets in the United States.
The Indian investment in the US treasury bills is estimated to the tune of USD 59.1 billion.
"We (India) do not worry about that issue (US defaulting). We are not selling our US assets. We are holding on to them," Raghuram Rajan told a Washington audience yesterday.
"I have to say, whatever default, will be a technical default. We do not expect the US not... from my understanding, because repayments can be prioritised, unless there is a sudden stop and markets stop taking new US debt meant to refinance the old debt there is no chance that the US will default," Raghuram Rajan said.
Raghuram Rajan said it would be good for the US to adopt fiscal policies consistent with its current needs.
"The one and one and half percent of US growth would be so tremendous and welcome to the world economy," Raghuram Rajan said.


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I feel a little bad about it, but I really want one of these!
First Machines will fail the system will fail, then its survival. I will be one of those few living and not eating scraps. hahaha. Ive got my bow, bike, and shot gun.
I would be afraid of the iPad falling and landing on my stomach.
what? you never seen Finding Nemo?
And so begins the 'DE-evolution' of mankind!
I want that tv thing! it would be so cool to watch movies on before bed!
I want the hover chair, I've got the rest of it covered.
what do you want? The blow up doll or the IPad.


text:
Event detail
Strange Cargo, in conjunction with art and media producers Forma, are pleased to present Bill Morrison's documentary The Miners' Hymn (2010) – a film documenting the mining industry that has played such a strong role in Britain's history. Utilising rarely-seen footage from the British Film Institute, the BBC and other archives, Morrison has worked alongside Icelandic composer Jóhann Jóhannsson to piece together a story that celebrates the social, cultural and political aspects of this abolished industry.
During the Kent leg of the films UK tour Forma join Strange Cargo at our factory in Cheriton for a jam-packed event. Following an afternoon screening with local schools the evenings programme will include a performance from the Snowdown Colliery Welfare Male Voice Choir, along with a talks from speakers connected to Kent's own coalfields and of course a screening of the film itself.
The event is free but booking is required. For more information on the event or to book a place please call us on 01303 244533.


text:
europeforvisitors - 3:05 pm on Jul 21, 2007 (gmt 0)
Does it matter? How many of those surfers are using DMOZ as a shopping directory?
Lets try this shrinking shopping category thing from a different angle... When more and more people are buying online is it good for surfers that the shopping category is shrinking?


text:
Dave's Fun Blog About The Greatest Things
Having warts isn't really entertainment however stats inform us the that even more than fifty percent of guys and nearly as numerous women are affected with the HPV infection which stands for human papilloma virus which accounts for warts and lots of millions of us are putting up with warts on various parts of our anatomy, some of which are very individual.The therapy of plantar and genital warts is a vexed question however one over the counter product Wartrol seems to be working for several users.
What is Wartrol
If you are looking for wart therapy then this is something you must be looking at. The first good thing about Wartrol is that it is a natural topical answer for the therapy and removal of warts. Although you could be suspicious of so called natural item this one does seem to work. There are a whole lot of evaluations verifying this and although it could not work for every person there are a lot of completely satisfied individuals out there.
Why Wartrol
If you have ever before had a wart removed the conventional method you will certainly understand how distressing it can be. Traditionally silver nitrate was made use of and today a similar freezing strategy is in usage which doesn't have a hundred percent success rate in any occasion. Some people think that Wartrol does not work because they proceed to get warts. Wartrol does get clear of them but it just can't stop others cropping up, its a virus after all and if you can easily accept that then you will not be let down. That does not suggest to state that you will get even more warts, far from it, often getting rid of one can suggest you are wart free of charge for many years.
Why is Wartrol successful?
On reviewing the evaluations, it is relatively very easy to spot why wartrol has actually shown so successful. Warts can easily frequently fade away in days and getting support from a doctor can easily take a lot longer. It is also easy to utilize, with a brush application daily. The liquid is just painted on and left to dry naturally.
Provided that they can be annoying, there is a temptation to choose at and fret at a wart which is the worst thing to do as it can delay therapy and even worse spread it to other part of your body and probably worse than that , to other people.
Just how pricey is Wartrol?
It is difficult to place a rate on the perks of removing unsightly lumps from your hands painlessly and quickly. If you buy Wartrol on line then you will usually benefit from a free container.
Bear in mind to buy it from the formal online shop to get the free bottle and money back ensure. Lots of stores do not supply either the free of charge container or that guarantee and provided that the possibilities are you could get even more warts in the future, get the free of charge container while you can.
Genital Warts, Serious Answers ONLY!? I was just diagnosed with genital warts, probably the worst news i had ever heard only because the amount of partners I had been with was very slim and my fiance is the only person that I did not use a condom with….anyways, i have several questions that keep running through my head and need some answers to hold me over till i talk to my doctors next. Once my outbreak goes away with the medicine my doctor prescribed me (Aldara) will they keep coming back monthly? Or if my soon to be husband and i decide not to use condoms any more will that mean that since were both infected that we will get it again? or I will since i was the only one that showed symptoms? Also, does the medicine Wartrol really work? I want to try it but im not sure if it will actually make them go away. This is so stressful and is putting so much stress on our relationship… Please someone help me! Okay, I read all that like a million times but I just need to know that if once the warts are gone and he has none either, can we still have unprotected sex Without worrying about another breakout? Like will he get it or will I get it again if we both have had the hpv virus?
There are many different strains of the viruses that cause genital warts. About 30% of the time the warts require 2-3 rounds of treatment before they are gone for good. Usually, if the warts don't show up again within a few months, they are not likely to show up ever again. However, anything can happen because there are so many strains and people respond differently. Wartrol is a homeopathic treatment, and the whole philosophy underlying homeopathy is just that – a philosophy. Wartrol makes claims of 90% effectiveness – if this was true it would be a medical miracle.
Living with Herpes is really hard, especially when you are a single. According to a report from the largest Herpes singles dating site SinglesHerpes.com, 98% of its members who used to be on a general dating site to find the love and support were rejected by others. That could be the reason that why SinglesHerpes.com is so popular and now has more than 560,000 members
is Wartrol safe during pregnancy? i have genital warts and they keep increasing and its really bothering me. i have tried apple cider vinegar but that burned like all hell and i had to stop i tried crushed aspirin paste and that worked but more warts started appearing on the inside of my vagina. i am wondering if this wartrol will help?
You shouldn't try ANYTHING without consulting your OB first? Didn't you go to any appointments yet? If yes, they should have noticed the warts and advised you smth on that… If you haven't been to any appointments yet, schedule one ASAP and let them know all that's bothering you. Good luck!
Does Wartrol really work? i keep seeing people post the wonder miracle stories about wartrol and then post a link with an id attached to it. plz dont put answers up like that b/c i know ur just speaking on behalf of the company. i would appreciate honest users and opinions. this is really important to me.
NO. It does not.
help…future relationship and have genital warts? ? i dont know what to do im scared to death!! i cant stop my life happening for this situation i found out last year in august that i had them and i went to the doc got cream they went but they come back im trying wartrol but im going back to docs on 25th Iv met a really nice guy and think it has the potential to become serious but im doing everything i can to delay us going any further because of my situation, i dont want him to know i have them or to catch them, what can i do? i know condoms shoud be used but even they dont offer full protection from them i dont know what to do please help me
You can't guarantee that you will never share your infection with a new sex partner. You will become less contagious. You are most contagious when you have genital warts. Once your body builds immunity to your HPV types you can?t get that type again?this HPV type can re-active years after you acquired your HPV type?and you can acquire new HPV types. Many men and women carry the infection. Talking to your friend about your infection is my best advice. HPV should not come between two people that care for each other. The inability to be 100% sure that an individual with a history of an HPV infection is no longer contagious should encourage honesty whenever a new relationship begins. This should be balanced with the fact that most people are exposed to this virus during their life, and that, for most, this virus does not usually cause great harm. http://www.asccp.org/hpv_history.shtml
Hi Jody, I have herpes, so I know exactly how you feel. It's so difficult to determine when and how to speak to your partner about such a sensitive issue. You need to be able to trust that he will keep this to himself no matter how he feels about it. With my partner I took a risk really, I told him weeks into the relationship. I was lucky he held my hand and told me it didn't matter. It's been two years we are still together and as far as we know he hasn't contracted the virus. Arm yourself with information, good websites! and books. He will have loads of questions and needs to be informed about everything. At the end of the day you can't hold off from a sex life forever because of warts! You just need to decide that this relationship is worth all the risks. I really hope this helps.
They are very contagious!!! I have never heard of a cream for treatment! They need "burned" off… like warts so to speak
Is Terrasil max a scam? I recently bought a jar of this stuff because I have had hpv for just over a year my doctor gave me a prescription that was unable to help, so I got this. Tea tree oil has not worked and due to my work schedule I cannot work out like I wish. I've seen many reviews calling this cream a scam and I wish to know of personal experiences. Does it work? If not what will? I have heard of wartrol and wondering if that would have been a better choice. Thank you for your maturity and understanding in advance.
Hi Birden. I work for Aidance Skincare, the company that makes Terrasil and we are most certainly not scamming you or anyone else. We have a 90-day money-back guarantee that you can take advantage of if you're not entirely satisfied. Feel free to use the entire jar ? if you're not pleased with the product, and as long as you contact us within 90 days from when you received your order, we will give you a full refund.
Any "max" is a scam.
Is Wartrol available on Pharmacies here in the Philippines?
no it's not available. it's not applicable for Asian skin or tropical countries


text:
Used GMC Sierra Classic 1500 in Washington, DC
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2007 GMC Sierra Classic 1500 4 Dr SLT Crew Cab 2WD Review
by Nick |
this is the best vehicle ive ever owned rides great very roomy decent on gas mileage especially on the hwy. bought the truck brand new so up keep isnt much of a problem and it is just recently out of warranty
Featured Listings
2007 GMC Sierra Classic 1500 Used Cars in Joppa, MD 21085
Price: Negotiable
Mileage: 77,435
Location: Joppa, MD 21085
Average time on market:
30 days
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Transmission: Automatic
Used 2007 GMC Sierra Classic 1500 for sale
, 77,435 miles with Alloy Wheels
Avg. Dealer Rating:
(3 reviews)
"went to this dealer because the internet price was 14,988 which is
still on there now. They are sneaky when we took a 3 hour trip
they change the price to 18,000. we oly took the trip because it
was a good price. we were trying to look up the car on carcurus
but sure enough the dealer took down the post. we went home
and 2 days later it was back up with 14998 which is still on there
now they just want people to come. they up the price 4,000
dollars when you see the finance guy . very bad business do not
go to this dealer uless you want to get ripped off "
2007 GMC Sierra Classic 1500 Used Cars in Springfield, VA 22150
Fair Deal
Instant Market Value of $20,651
Price: $21,449
Mileage: 57,255
Location: Springfield, VA 22150
Average time on market:
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Certified Pre-Owned: No
Transmission: Automatic
Color: Silver Birch Metallic
Used 2007 GMC Sierra Classic 1500 for sale
- $21,449, 57,255 miles
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(2 reviews)
"I bought a used 2007 jeep grand Cherokee with 53,000 miles for
$13000 silver. Awesome truck, great deal. car fax report provided 30
oil change service records. My mechanic offered me $16000 for it.
Tags, title was easy, even though I live in MD. Nobody likes the
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text:
"Kanon bra frukost."Betygsatt av en Hotels.com-gäst feb 11, 2013
Bästa frukosten hittills i Usa, äggröra skinka med salsa. Det fanns gröt bröd yoghurt frukt osv. Jätte fina rum med ute plats, skön säng och många tv kanaler även soffa och skrivbord. Vi vart glatt överraskade när vi kom över hur trevligt hela stället var. Vi fick även kvällsmat (mån-tors). Ca 10 min biltur med mycket trafik till America airline center. Enda negativa var att det var lite svårt att hitta restaurang på gång avstånd. Men det rekommenderas att bo här!
"Närheten till universietsområdet SMU"Betygsatt av en Hotels.com-gäst feb 5, 2013
Tillmötesgående personal, inget lyxhotell, men absolut godkänt . Rummet rent o trevligt o bra frukost.
"Business hotell"Betygsatt av en Hotels.com-gäst feb 4, 2013
Bra hotell med fokus på arbete, stora rum rent och snyggt utan att vara lyxigt. Lämpligt för arbete i norra Dallas. Ok gym med fria vikter och maskiner, dock ganska litet men nytt. Frukost enkel men helt ok, ingår i priset. Trevlig personal och en liten shop att handla vatten och annat fixi i receptionen. Bra värde för pengarna om man jobbar.
""Betygsatt av en Hotels.com-gäst jan 31, 2013
Good hotel close to DFW. Nice to see planes take off from hotel room.
""Betygsatt av en Hotels.com-gäst jan 29, 2013
Bra läge nära flygplatsen. Rent, fräscht och bra shuttleservice. Lite minus för frukosten dock.
Avgifter för extragäster och extrasängar kan tillkomma.
Statligt utfärdat foto-ID och kreditkort eller kontantdeposition krävs vid incheckning för avgiftsbelagd service.
Möjligheten att tillmötesgå speciella önskemål beror på tillgänglighet vid incheckning och dessa kan innebära ytterligare avgifter. Speciella önskemål kan inte garanteras.
**Det kan hända att de här bekvämligheterna endast är tillgängliga i vissa rum eller enheter. Extra avgifter kan tillkomma för vissa bekvämligheter.
Följande avgifter och depositioner debiteras av hotellet vid incheckning eller utcheckning.
Det är möjligt att listan ovan inte är fullständig, likaså att avgifter och depositioner inte inkluderar skatt, och observera att dessa kan komma att ändras.
Avgifter för extragäster och extrasängar kan tillkomma.
Statligt utfärdat foto-ID och kreditkort eller kontantdeposition krävs vid incheckning för avgiftsbelagd service.
Möjligheten att tillmötesgå speciella önskemål beror på tillgänglighet vid incheckning och dessa kan innebära ytterligare avgifter. Speciella önskemål kan inte garanteras.
If it is just to check out Dallas downtown, you can't beat the priceVerifierad gästrecension
Great location, near highwayVerifierad gästrecension
"They need a little help"
The hotel was OK but, it needs some help to be good. The people were nice but didn't understand the simple things.They didn't even have hand towels, and didn't think we needed them in the room.Verifierad gästrecension
This was a very clean and we'll affordable hotel and the operator was very courteousVerifierad gästrecension
"it was in a nice location"
We didn't spend much time there, perfect for clean place to shower and sleep!Verifierad gästrecension
"Just visiting"
The staff was very friendly and tried their best to assist when needed. The rate was very cheap especially for Dallas. I was satisfied.Verifierad gästrecension
Room was old/dated and seemed dirty. Stains in flooring, on bedding, etc... The room WAS clean - just seemed dirty. Neighborhood is a bit shady at night. Staff was always polite, but not very helpful. When we called before booking, we were told t hat the hotel does have semi truck parking and bus parking - there is none of this. Also, there is NOTHING […] within a 1/2 mile radius of the hotel for food or entertainment. You CAN walk about a mile and find lots of stuff though - just be careful - as mentioned - neighborhood is a bit shady. MerVerifierad gästrecension
FRONT DESK WAS NICE, VERY QUIET & PEACEFULVerifierad gästrecension
"Pleasantly surprised"
I was surprised, I was expecting something much less. We checked in late and it was smooth and painless. We found the room as well as the rest of what we saw clean and seemingly attended to. The room was actually reasonably large with a slight divide for the love seat & desk area. The bed was comfortable and the mini fridge was cold when we got there. […] The place was quiet and the staff was friendly. I was pleasantly surprised and my little girls thought igt was great as well. I wouldbe happy to book this one again. MerVerifierad gästrecension
"you get what you pay for"
I went cheap and got just that and could not expect more for my money. Even with the low rate there ares some things that cost nothing that would add value to the hotel... for example hosing down the silk plants that are saturated in dust in the lobby, and a friendly good morning.Verifierad gästrecension
"could have been a lot worse"
after ringing the bell on the front desk 3 times and waiting 10 minutes to just check in some kid sitting in the lobby if that's even what you can call it went and got his dad for me. what was the point of the bell? anyways, hotel has an odd smell that doesn't tend to fade. surrounding area is a little run down. however the actual location was perfect […] for us (love field, american airline center, plenty of food/bar places within 15 mintue drive) room was clean. bed was okay but it wasn't anything to write home about. would i stay here again? NEVER but i'm a broke college kid that needed a place to stay for cheap so don't expect much for $32 a night... spend the extra $10 and stay somewhere a million times better... MerVerifierad gästrecension
"worse hotel ever"
Please DO NOT EVER STAY HERE............walked into the room and and bed was not made...........towels were dirty and the room smelled ................I walked in and walked right back out..............Verifierad gästrecension
"Not bad"
I can get better for the same rate..Verifierad gästrecension
"Small Hidden Gem"
Nothing fancy, just a place to relax. Convieniently located to shopping, dining, and multiple expressways. Staff was extremely helpful and kind. I would stay there again. Enjoyed my stay!Verifierad gästrecension
don't go its nasty they lied about whats in the roomVerifierad gästrecension
Was afraid of booking because of not recognized hotel. Upon arrival was shocked very nice. When we got into room was shocked again. Huge clean well kept. the only problem was when turning light on in bathroom the fan ran constantly noisy other than that was a perfect place to stay.Verifierad gästrecension
No pool people were always suspicious and following us around. Fights going on in the hotel.Verifierad gästrecension
"Deceiving Staff"
At first check-in the manager seemed to be nice and considerate but before we could even get into bed he had already came to as if me and the other guest could be quiet. Mind you I have small children with me and we where settling in for the night. Every bit of noise the manager or whomever was working would call the room or literally come knock on […] the door and ask us to keep it down. Doors where hard to shut in every room and walls are paper thin so every time doors closed you heard them whether in our room or anyone else's room and we would be told not to slam doors and when I explained to the manager that no matter how softly you tried to close the doors there's always the final closure that made the noise. He didn't care. So overall the staff was very inconsiderate, nit-picky about things that where wrong with their hotel and altogether rude. If you have kids please do not go to this hotel because you will be treated like you have committed the cardinal sin for bringing them along to stay. The cleaning staff was the nicest out of the entire establishment. So kudos to them and everyone else SUCKED!!!!!!!! MerVerifierad gästrecension från Expedia
"Northwest Highway"
Excellent Location. Clean Rooms.Verifierad gästrecension
"OKfor 1 night"
It was an ok place to stay. I did feel rushed to leave even though there were not any other guest. I would not return.Verifierad gästrecension
"Business Trip"
Great hotel for the price of motel six a very nice room. Hotel staff extremely helpful, I believe they are the owners as well. Great business hotel for a amazing price; not a hotel I would go to for a vacation.Verifierad gästrecension
"Great Little Gem"
This hotel was everything I did not expect. My room was super clean . It had hardwood floors, the AC worked wonderfully, the bed was comfortable, the staff were very nice. The price was amazing too. Thank you Hotels.com for helping me find this little gem of a hotel at such a great deal!!!Verifierad gästrecension
"Tropicana stay"
For the price it is decent; i would stay again. Staff is friendly and accomidating.Verifierad gästrecension
"2 thumbs up ! very satisfied"
This hotel is in a quite location ,2 miles from the exspressway. Me and 2 friends stayed 3 days. The lobby was nice when we walked in . The rooms were very nice and clean. Very satisfiyed.Verifierad gästrecension
"wanted a hotel close to six flags and this was not"
Holes in covers; smell was not so hot; not easy to find; staff seemed nice but nothing else was that great!Verifierad gästrecension från Expedia
I enjoyed my brief stay.Verifierad gästrecension
"They don't change sheets an comforters when peopl"
First time was ok tried to go back it was terrible no clean room or nice in the .Verifierad gästrecension från Expedia
"Cheap and close to Irving Convention Center"
It was great for the price I paid. Friendly services. Free wifi. No convenient store around. Close to public transportation. I spent only $2.50 from hotel to Airport.Verifierad gästrecension
Bloody sheets. Enough said?Verifierad gästrecension
"Great for families!"
My two sons and nephews were ticketed out of DFW (12 miles away), driving in from elsewhere in TX. I'm very happy we stayed at this hotel! the lobby area is VERY clean and the staff were kind and helpful as we repacked suitcases before travel. While convenient to the airport, I'm happy to say that the hotel's location is quiet-- there was no flight […] noise and we slept soundly. Recommended! MerVerifierad gästrecension
"nice for a basic hotel"
When we checked in the sheets appeared dirty, but they switched us rooms with no problem, the staff was verry nice. I would stay again.Verifierad gästrecension
"Value priced for a reason"
Cheap - yes. Convenient location from airport. Seemed safe. Room style - recent painting but garage sale furniture.Verifierad gästrecension
"Horrible dirty hotel"
The hotel was dark, and scary. The room was very humid and the AC didn't work. We found woman hair, sparkles, and perfume scent on the sheets. The pillows had red washed blood. The restroom was dirty and old.Verifierad gästrecension från Expedia
Outdated and would not recommend to anyoneVerifierad gästrecension
"Okay for the price I paid"
It was an okay hotel. The room was a good size, but the bed and the maintenance of the place were poor. We didn't expect much, but I was disappointed by the bed - it was hard and the pillows were flat and the top cover smelled like BO. The curtains had tears in it and the walls had a few holes. Just before you get to the hotel you have to go over an […] overpass and to the right of that is some sort of compost factory. When you drive over it, it has got to be the worst smelling thing I have ever smelt in my life! It is so bad! Even with the windows up it leaks into your car, and the next day when you get in it you can still smell a hint of it. It's not like a farm smell of like cows or something like that, its way worse. Fortunately for hotel guests, the smell doesn't quite reach the hotel. Overall you get what you pay for, and for a cheap fix it gets the job done if you can bear the smelly bridge Everytime you go out somewhere. MerVerifierad gästrecension
"Ok for a couple days"
Fair price to quality value. Walls have been freshly painted. Bathroom sinks and tubs have cracks but it is clean and counter, floor and walls have been recently tiled Staff is niceVerifierad gästrecension från Expedia
"You get what you pay for."
I got two rooms here for some friends and I going to a Con in Dallas. The staff was really nice and helpful and over all the rooms weren't bad but could use a little work. Over all it was worth what I paid.Verifierad gästrecension från Expedia
Very nice hotel. Not the newest, but clean, fresh paint, wonderful owners at front desk.Verifierad gästrecension
"nice hotel near airport"
stayed here two nights- clean conformable- no thrills but really friendly staff.Verifierad gästrecension från Expedia
"See the number ratings"
The A/C unit in our room had already been turned on for us when we arrived, so it was cool. The water pressure was good. Even though it was a smoking room, it did not stink. The A/C unit cycled frequently, which caused noise changes. There was only one ashtray for a room booked for two guests. The mircowave did not have the glass plate, but the refrigerator […] worked great. MerVerifierad gästrecension från Expedia
"i was good for what we needed"
it was good for what we needed.Verifierad gästrecension
"Good stay for a good price"
I had a convention to go to and couldn't afford the hotel the convention was hosted at. The price was great and the location was just a few miles from my location. Didn't have any problems or complaints. The bed was really comfy too. Save money and stay here!!Verifierad gästrecension
"Quite run down"
Sheets were stained and had holes in them. Dirty washcloth left in shower. AC was not reliable and you could not read the controls as they were completely worn off. Bed had absolutely no support. The only positive was the staff. Very friendly and welcoming.Verifierad gästrecension
"needs improvement"
property needs repair -curtains tattered, chair arm broken, etc. will not stay here again.Verifierad gästrecension
"$70 taxi to and from Fort Worth Airport"
The room is cheap, around $50, but from and to the airport you will spend $70 in a taxi. So you'll better spend $120 in a better room near the airport.Verifierad gästrecension från Expedia
"very good to excellent value"
very clean, mostly very nice, but some items worn (linens, drapes, etc) and some shoddy maintenance. a few odd things -fire hydrant water pressure in shower (I laughed when I showered), desk chair that did not raise to normal height. Still, very good to excellent value. I would go back and do recommend.Verifierad gästrecension
I loved the hotel. Everything was excellent!!! Great place near the airport, malls and restaurants.Verifierad gästrecension från Expedia
"Great Quality"
The hotel staff was friendly. Beds were comfortable, WI-Fi service was great, and the rooms were very comfortable and clean for this price. It's better than some "high class" hotels that I've stay in. I will be staying here again.Verifierad gästrecension
"Not worth it"
Towels in bathroom were dirty. Nothing more to addVerifierad gästrecension från Expedia
Very cleanVerifierad gästrecension
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Psalm 50 (Septuagint Version of the Old Testament): The Liturgical Psalm of Repentance
Have mercy on me, O God; according to the multitude of Thy tender mercies, blot out my transgressions. Wash me thoroughly from mine iniquity and cleanse me from my sin, for I acknowledge my transgression, and my sin is ever before me. Against Thee, Thee only have I sinned and done this evil in Thy sight, that Thou mightest be justified when Thou speakest and prevail when Thou art judged. Behold, I was brought forth in iniquities and in sin did my mother bear me. But behold, Thou desirest truth in my innermost parts, and in my hidden parts Thou shalt make me to understand wisdom.
Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean; wash me, and I shall be whiter than the snow. Make me to hear joy and gladness, that the bones which Thou hast broken may rejoice. Turn Thy face from my sin and put out all mine iniquities far from me. Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within me. Cast me not away from Thy presence, and take not Thy Holy Spirit from me. Restore unto me the joy of Thy salvation, and uphold me with Thy steadfast Spirit. Then shall I teach transgressors Thy ways, and sinners shall be converted unto Thee. Deliver me from blood-guiltiness, O God, the God of my salvation, and my tongue shall sing aloud of Thy righteousness. Open my lips, and my mouth shall show forth Thy praise.
For shouldest Thou desire sacrifice, I would give it Thee; but Thou delightest not in burnt offering. The sacrifice of God is a broken spirit, a broken and contrite heart -- these, O God, shalt Thou not despise.
Do good in Thy good pleasure to Sion; buildest Thou up the walls of Jerusalem. Then shalt Thou be pleased with the sacrifice of righteousness, with oblation and whole-burnt offerings. Then shall they offer young bullocks upon Thine altar.


text: On Fri, Jun 17, 2005 at 11:39:56AM +1000, Rick Welykochy wrote: > >>Like it or hate it, that's how coding is done. > > > >no, that's NOT how *coding* is done. > > Exactly. Anyone worth their programming salt knows that BASIC in any > form would be incapable of providing the following crucial applications, > as just an example. Agreed. However you guys aren't the IT teachers. This is what they teach. We've had this discussion on the various IT teachers lists. I've let them know that knowledge of VB alone wouldn't be considered enough in the professional space. But it's what most IT teachers know, so it's what most IT teachers teach. Having people like us tell them to do otherwise results in little change. > And no, I do not accept arguments along the line of "but it is best > to start students on a simple language like VB/RB and they can move > up to more complex languages." By then the damage is done, and some of You may not, but you're not an IT teacher ;-) Thankfully, the IT teachers' groups have been making concerted effort to get the teachers versed in PHP and Python in recent times. -- ___________________________________________________________________________ Con Zymaris <conz at cyber.com.au> Level 4, 10 Queen St, Melbourne, Australia Cybersource: Australia's Leading Linux and Open Source Solutions Company Web: http://www.cyber.com.au/ Phone: 03 9621 2377 Fax: 03 9621 2477


text:
The Jamaica I never knew
Royson travels back to Jamaica. Video by Randy Risling.
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- March 19, 2012
- 10:40 a.m.
- Suggest removal
- Reply to this post
rickiraccoon writes:
I live on Lake Limerick and I too thought it was strange the searchers packed up and left at 6pm with plenty of daylight left.
But still sad, none the less.
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text:
Office sought: State Representative/125th District
Political party: Republican
Age: 27
Address: Liberal
Occupation: Student/Hotel Clerk
Highest degree earned: High School diploma (will graduate with degree in Elementary Education in December)
Political offices held: USD 480 Board of Education member for three years, president for past two years; Seward County Republican Chairman
Personal: Not married/no children
Contact: email@example.com; www.reidpetty.com
If the state faces a deficit, what should be done: Cut or defer spending? Raise taxes or fees? Where should the cuts or hikes occur? Cut irresponsible spending, The legislature should work closely together to analyze where best to make cuts. One area specifically that cuts should occur is giving illegal immigrants benefits.
Do you favor across-the-board cuts, or do you think some state agencies or services cannot sustain more cuts? Please specify the agencies or services. I would have to review each agency in detail before making that sort of decision. There are going to be agencies that are run very fiscally responsible who may just barely make it, while there may be others who are completely fiscally irresponsible. I don't think it would be fair to group them all with out reviewing each of them in great detail.
If you are sworn into office in January, what specific piece of legislation would you advocate for in 2013? I will advocate for legislation that is business friendly, is fiscally responsible, and will help make Kansas a better place to live in the future. I will also advocate for pro-life legislation. One specific area of importance for my district is pushing for Highway 54 from Liberal to Wichita to eventually get to four lanes. Currently it is one of the busiest highways in the U.S. and yet is still mostly two lanes. There continues to be deadly crashes on this dangerous highway. I also believe four lanes would also cause more people to stay in Kansas on 54 and not dip down to Oklahoma to get on the interstate.
How would you curtail K-12 school administrative expenses? As a member of a school board, and as someone who will be getting a degree in the field in December, I believe we have got to stop all the wasteful spending that takes place in education. I do believe we must pay our teachers well and take care of them and that we must properly fund education. However, I have seen all kinds of wasteful spending first hand and over the years just throwing money at education has not improved test scores. We need to get back to letting our teachers teach, and get away from all the governmental programs and mandates that only hinder the educational field.
What leader, past or present, has represented Kansas well and why? I'm a huge KU fan, but I must admit that K-State head football coach Bill Snyder along with KU head basketball coach Bill Self are both great leaders for the state of Kansas. That isn't just because they are both winners, but also because they run their respective programs with class and integrity and are well respected all over the country. They are both two individuals that our state should be very proud of!


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Mike O'Neill, Stewardship
There are opportunities to be generous all day long, if you keep your eyes open. But sometimes when opportunity knocks, you're just not prepared. You simply don't have a spare umbrella, or an extra £2, or a toothpick. Well, let's change that today, shall we? For the first day of Lent, create a 'generosity kit' that you can keep in your bag/car/desk drawer/buggy. Fill it with the kinds of things you might need in order to make someone's day a little brighter.
Nicky and Sila Lee, The Marriage Course
We've all heard the phrase 'love is a verb', and that's not just because it's a fact. Part of our preparations this week should include taking the time to examine our hearts: are we hardened to others? Are we bearing grudges or feeling resentment? It's time to soften up and show love to those around us in practical ways. And what better day to do it than on Valentines Day?
Rob Parsons, Care for the Family
The best starting point for a generous lifestyle is an attitude of gratitude. What are you thankful for today? Make a list of all the blessings in your life and stick it to your fridge or in your wallet. When the going gets tough this Lent (and it will, probably around day 16) take a look at your list and remind yourself that you're blessed to be a blessing.
Miriam Swaffield, Fusion
Take a packet of Jelly Babies with you on your way to work, and offer them out on the train. Leave a gift on someone's doorstep, ring the bell then hide behind a tree and watch their reaction. Offer free hugs or free prayers. If someone tells you they could do with a holiday, buy them one. There's a massive amount of joy in spontaneous, outrageous generosity. The wackier the better.
Andrew Graystone, The Church and Media Network
There's a lot going on in the world, but there's also a lot to notice in your local community. Reading the local paper is a good way to stay up-to-date on the kinds of things that you can get involved with. Volunteering opportunities, friendship and hobby groups, local coffee mornings, notices about wildlife walks and fitness bootcamps… Spend some time reading the local paper today. Make a note of anything you could get stuck in to.
Lord Hastings of Scarisbrick CBE, House of Lords
There are a lot of people in your community who have big (or small) dreams, and no way to make them happen. Find someone to invest in today and mentor them using the skills you have. Make it a long-term thing. Give them support and let them know they can count on you.
Ray Ashley, pubchurch
Make a point of using your local pubs, shops and community venues as much as you can. They are often a point where people get together and you'll also be helping to support trade and business in your area. Small and independent shops are under threat and "use them or lose them" really is true.
Phoebe Thompson, Youthwork magazine
When was the last time you initiated conversation with someone from a different generation, who wasn't related to you? Everyone has something valuable to contribute to society, but sometimes we miss those who might be feeling lonely simply because we wouldn't normally mix in 'their circles'. Today, make an effort to engage with someone from another generation and offer a hand of friendship to them.
Sam Gibb, Sorted Magazine
Organise a film and curry night, open up your home for those that want to watch the game, host a dinner party or invite your friends round for movies and popcorn (and remind them to bring their onesies). Extend the welcome to friends, neighbours, church folk, the parents at playgroup or your colleagues. Practise hospitality and love your community today.
Chine Mbubaegbu, threads
A British establishment older than the current Queen, the 'tea break' has been with us for about 200 years. Consider taking your tea break with a difference today. Buy a cup to give away to someone who is homeless or marginalised. If they don't mind, sit with them and have tea together. Instead of 'tea and sympathy', try 'tea and company'.
Andrew Salsbury, The Indigo Valley Coffee Company
It's no secret that here at Stewardship HQ we like a bit of chocolate. We also like coffee, bananas, mangoes, honey, tea, nuts, yoghurt, muesli, hot chocolate, biscuits, sweets, oranges and… cotton? The good news is that all of these products and more are now available fairly traded. Meaning you can buy the things you love knowing that you're helping to alleviate poverty, protect the environment and empower communities. Now that tastes good.
Elaine Storkey, Tearfund
There are more than 160,000 charities in the UK alone. That's a lot of opportunity to give. How do you decide who to give to? Do you rely on emotional advertising to stir your charitable giving, or are you a little more picky about who you give to? What about the charities that can't afford massive advertising budgets? Ask yourself some honest questions today: what causes are you passionate about? What do the charities you give to actually do with the money? How can you support smaller local charities as well as larger global ones?
James Catford, Bible Society
There are many things we could say about why the Bible is possibly the best thing you could share with someone you know, but the Bible itself probably says it best: '…I am not ashamed of the Gospel, because it is the power of God that brings salvation to everyone who believes.' (Romans 1:16). Sharing the Bible offers another person a life-jacket, a life-manual and life-long relationship with a generous, loving saviour. Job done.
Ruth Valerio, Spring Harvest
When you hear the words 'ethical clothing' do you envisage an outfit less stylish than your Nana's wardrobe, made out of hemp, banana skins, or something else quite random and possibly a little stinky? Well, hear this: ethical clothing is so 2013. Welcome to the stage ethical brands such as People Tree, Monkee Genes, Komodo and Nancy Dee. These clothing brands support their garment workers, offering fair wages and good working conditions. Unfortunately, the same cannot often be said for our high street brands. Our challenge to you: take off your jumper and take a look at the label. Do a little research about the organisation that made your jumper and the extent of their ethical policy.
Lynn Green, YWAM
In the 21st century we live in a melting pot of cultures. We like the term 'melting pot' because it makes us think of cheese fondue and chocolate fountains. And that gives us an idea: what if you could bring together people in your church or community from a variety of cultures, and share your national dish with each other? Build community, celebrate together, and eat a lot of good food. If you can't organise something that big, why not seek out a neighbour from another culture and arrange to have a heritage swap? Share a beloved recipe, a national anthem – get creative.
Dave Smith, Boaz Trust
£5.33 to be exact. This is the amount that asylum seekers – unable to return to their own countries, yet unable to work in the UK – must live on per day. It might seem fairly easy at first – but consider how much you might usually spend on one normal Saturday. Shopping? Lunch with a friend? A take-away coffee? Not on a fiver. As many have already discovered, this kind of living is tough. See if you can manage it for just one day, and then consider donating what you might have spent today to a refugee charity of your choice.
Ruth Awogbade, Magnify
The theme for this week is all about making someone's day. What better way to do that than to surprise them? Little gestures are often just as treasured as big ones, so don't feel under pressure to do something beyond your means. Creativity, thoughtfulness and timing are everything.
Russ Bravo, Inspire Magazine
"Gertrude your geraniums are looking spectacular."
"That new orange Mohican hairstyle really brings out the colour of your eyes Roger."
"Double chocolate chip brownies should NOT taste this good Chris."
Compliments and encouragements are so easy to say, yet so under-used. Make someone's day brighter with some kind words.
Jeff Doucette, United Church of Canada
A study conducted by the University of North Carolina showed that hugs can increase levels of oxytocin, a 'bonding' hormone, and reduce blood pressure – which cuts the risk of heart disease. Get out of your comfort zone, be brave, and give someone a free hug today! (Just don't get arrested while doing it)
Anna Drew, The Methodist Church in Britain
The human brain is automatically wired to be more attracted to smiling faces, and there's a reason for it – smiles are brilliant. They also boost your immune system. And doesn't it make your morning commute or your supermarket shop that bit nicer if someone smiles and genuinely says 'good morning!' or 'have a nice day'? You never know who might be in need of a kind smile today.
Joel Edwards, Micah Challenge
Living with lots of criticism and no thanks can harden people, but appreciation of the smallest things can make a person feel cherished and worthwhile. Try this: when you wake up in the morning – before you check your emails, fill the kettle or jump in the shower – grab a pen and write a thank you note. Starting your day thankful is a great foundation for generosity.
Anne Atkins, BBC Radio 4
A good church can be many things to us: a community hub, a support system, a social venue, an education or a sanctuary. Think about all the things your church means to you, and then consider one or two ways you could love your church tomorrow. It might be that you could offer your skill, a financial gift, a flower arrangement or an offer of friendship to someone new.
Dr Bex Lewis, The BIGBible Project
You've got that crazy, glittery, furry scarf-thing sitting in that box at the back of your wardrobe, haven't you? It's been there for 3 years, and you've never worn it. And the tie – the one with the glowing reindeer nose that sings when you press it – is clogging up valuable hanging space. One man's trash is another man's treasure though, so before you head for the bin consider filling charity shop bags or organising a clothes swap evening. You could charge £2 on the door and donate the proceeds to a charity of your choice.
Krish Kandiah, Evangelical Alliance
Be honest, when was the last time you made a new friend? We can often get caught socialising with the same people over and over again, making it quite hard for new people to join in. Organise a social event – a trip to the cinema, a dinner party or a sports event – and make a point of inviting at least one new person.
Paul Kerensa, BBC1's Miranda
What did the ironing board say to the iron? "You're hot".
Dust off your favourite groan-inducers and share a little laughter love today. Post your one-line wonders on our 40acts Facebook page.
Debbie Wright, Stewardship
In the age of digital and online communication, it's surprising how little time we can spend communicating with the person sitting next to us on the sofa of an evening. Switch off the TV/iPad/mobile phone, dust off that favourite board game and have an evening of good old fashioned interaction.
Florence Brookes, Student
You don't need to be nifty with a sewing machine, or a toolbox, or an oven to create something to give away. Make whatever comes naturally to you. Bake a cake, build a computer, be creative. And if you struggle to make something, offer to fix something instead.
Sheridan Voysey, Writer and Speaker
If you're normally the person who decides on leisure activities, make a point of spending today doing the things that the other person wants to do. A football match or romantic comedy might not be your cup of tea, but you can enjoy watching the other person have fun. This is a great act to do with your children, if you have them. You may find yourself doing unexpected but nonetheless joyful things like puddle-jumping, making star-shaped pancakes or reading an extra story (or three) at bedtime.
Dave Bookless, A Rocha UK
Leave the car-keys in the pot; plan your journey on foot (or by public transport, if you can't walk to your destination) and emit fewer environmental nasties into the atmosphere.
Rev John Lampard, Minister
Not one for the squeamish, but an important act of generosity nonetheless. These days, doctors can give people prosthetic limbs and reconstruct faces, but blood still cannot be manufactured: it has to be gifted. Statistics show that more than 25% of us will require blood in our lifetimes. It'll take you ten minutes to give one unit of blood, and the NHS uses 10,000 units per day. Freely you have received, freely give.
Chris Duffett, Baptist Union of Great Britain
'Well I think that…'
'In my opinion…'
'My feeling is that…'
It's nice to feel heard. The first rule of most relationships is good communication – but that requires speaking and listening. Make a point of zipping up and opening your ears instead of your mouth. And be on the lookout for those around you who might need someone to talk to today. Resist the urge to give advice unless it's welcome, and just provide a sympathetic ear to someone in need.
Chris Naylor, A Rocha
Bags, bottles, cups, plates…there's a whole heap of plastic that ends up as landfill, taking centuries to decompose (and some of it never does). One beach in Hawaii now reportedly has more plastic particles than sand particles, which goes some way to driving home the message. Plastic is a useful invention, but we need to steward it better. Reuse, recycle or quit.
Alexandra Khan, Stewardship
We live in a digital age, where influence is measured in the amount of Twitter followers you have, or the number of 'Likes' on your Facebook status. What if you could use your influence for good? What if you could mobilise those around you to help change the world? Not all of us are social media users, but a lot of us have positions of responsibility either in church, the workplace or the wider community. Wherever you have a voice, you can choose to use it for the good of the people and environment around you.
Richard Higginbottom, TullochNET
This act doesn't have to be complicated. Your local garden centre will be able to advise you what kind of trees to plant in your garden, or you could contact your local council for advice on where to plant a tree in a public space. You might not see the fruit of this act for many years, but it will leave a legacy that will continue long after you're gone.
Caleb Meakins, Shift UK
Stand for something or you'll fall for anything, the old adage goes. In a world where it is becoming increasingly desirable to 'blend in', how are you different? What is it about your beliefs that set you apart? How might you stand up for those who can't stand up for themselves? Each time you stand for what is good, right and true you make a generous contribution to the world around you. Find a way to stand up and stand out today.
Ruth Leigh, Writer
If you've never thought of prayer as a generous act, then you've been underestimating how effective it is. Be encouraged – your prayers are powerful gifts to others. Take time out to pray for a few people today: friends, enemies, co-workers, children.
Bernice Hardie, WAVE
Sometimes we don't do the things we know we ought to do, because we're afraid that we'll fail. Good news though – life isn't just about us. When we take a moment to raise our heads over the parapet, we notice that there's a whole lot of pain in the world today and with it the opportunity to do hard - but great - things to help. Take time today to review the challenges before you; the things that make your spirit stir and your blood pump faster. Be brave, and take steps towards them today.
Bekah Legg, Liberti Magazine
Hearing testimonies can be a powerful experience. Knowing how God might have moved in someone else's life can give you the strength and hope to weather a storm in your own. We carry these messages of hope and redemption with us daily, but sometimes when we're asked to tell our stories we clam up. Take some time today to write out your testimony or speak it aloud. Use it as an opportunity to thank God for your journey, and to consider how telling others about it may bless them.
Charles Osewalt, Stewardship
Accepting an apology is sometimes hard. Choosing to forgive someone when they don't even apologise can seem impossible. Take inspiration from Jesus, though, who forgave those who crucified him even while he was in the midst of the pain of death. When we say 'I forgive you', we are doing so much more than putting our mouth to mindless words. We are saying 'you did something to me that really hurt, but I choose forgiveness over anger, and healing over pain.' Powerful stuff, friends.
Mike O'Neill, Stewardship
It is easy to become defined by the hardships that we face. "I'm a single mother", "I'm unemployed", "I'm a widower", "I'm disabled". We sometimes label ourselves based on our negative experiences, instead of using those experiences to help others. Jesus' story didn't end on the cross: three days later he rose again to overcome sin and death forever. Our stories are varied, but we too are called to overcome. Today, make the choice to use your experiences – good and bad – for the benefit of those around you. You might set up a charity, write a book, or simply be a friend to someone in a similar situation.
40acts is a campaign from Stewardship that encourages you to do Lent generously.
Lent is usually about 'giving stuff up', isn't it? What if you could add something transformational to the traditional?
What if you could give up chocolate and give the money to your favourite charity? What if you could turn the TV off and
spend more time helping your neighbour? What if your Lent, this year, was a preparation for a lifetime of big-heartedness?
You can download any of the resources below to share with friends or take to your church for free.
Go on, download and get involved!