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Ian Desmond Is Growing Lip Fur
By Jamie Mottram | February 17, 2013
After Danny Espinosa shaved his winter beard I wasn't ready to love again, but now Ian Desmond is growing a mustache (via @fpdougiefresh), and here I am over the moon. Sounds like he's keeping it, too.
Related: Watch Espinosa shave off his amazing winter beard.
Topics: Ian Desmond, Nationals | 1 Comment »
One Response to "Ian Desmond Is Growing Lip Fur"
tjl Says:
February 17th, 2013 at 9:18 PMI carved a Desmond into my facial hair this evening


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The Wedding Dress & The Bubble Bath
"There must be quite a few things that a hot bath won't cure,but I don't know many of them." |
Sylvia Plath |
I am so happy to be writing up a #DreamFriday post this week. It seems like EONS since I've written one. Last week, our very own Lifestyle/Health Columnist, Kelly Beversdorf, sent me two dreams. This week we will focus on the first dream and next week I will follow-up with the second. Both dreams have some common threads, yet, they are also dealing with 2 different subjects.
To give you a bit of background, Kelly recently moved out on her own, and is exploring new avenues in her life. There are many decisions she needs to make and dreams she wants to achieve, all towards fulfilling her purpose. So, you will see, as both of Kelly's dreams unfold, her true authentic self is speaking loud and clear.
Dream 1 – Rebirth
Sunday morning I woke up from having this dream that I was in a bathtub in a beautiful bathroom/closet or a boudoir. It had a place for shoes (it was filled with mens and women'd shoes…they belonged to me and the guy in the tuxedo). Clothes were hanging up, mine were on one side of this huge closet (they were on the right side of me while I was in the tub) and his were on the other side (left side of me when I was in the tub). There were folding cubby holes and windows with white sheer blinds to let natural light in, arranged for privacy. There was a sweet Victorian red bench in the room to sit on and a vanity with all my beauty stuff on it. There were 2 sinks, a 2 person shower, and of course the bathtub across the room with those cute feet on the bottom.
I'm in the tub relaxing reading a book, there are lit candles even though the sun light is coming through the windows. I'm wearing this white wedding dress while bathing with bubbles. There is a sense of excitement in the air and urgency to get somewhere, but I don't care because there is plenty of time in my mind. I'm happy in the warm bath water and bubbles…I think I have a drink and there is music.
The guy in the tuxedo is rushing around getting dressed and he is telling me I have to get the hell out of the tub. I say "Relax there is plenty of time the sun is still up, just chill out." He isn't convinced so he scoops out the bubble in my bath, which makes me mad, but I just kept soaking. He finds me a towel and tells me to get out my dress is going to be ruined if I stay in there longer…everything will be all wrinkly. I look at the dress and tell him that is the look I'm going for and refuse to get out of the tub. He reaches into the water between my legs and pulls the drain plug out, that really upset me and i started to grab clothes off my shelf with my right hand( I was still sitting in the tub) and threw them at him.
He ended up looking like Cousin It from the Addams Family covered in clothes. I grab the towel to told him that I'll get the hell out of this tub when I'm damn good and ready! He got upset and said I was going to miss out on an important day by sitting in the tub. That was touching and I got out and put on a black dress with red trim which made me look very sexy. I left the white one in the tub. I woke up
The Interpretation
What is interesting about both these dreams, you have the yin and the yang very predominant. You also have parental figures (both your parents and the guy in the first dream). In this dream water plays a huge role, and in your next dream (next week's post), fire is the main subject. I love to see all these opposites playing with each other, obviously seeking balance.
The bath, in dream 1, seems to represent a place where you are content and peaceful, I know you love baths. It seems to me you are in your zone in the dream. Soaking up the good vibes, doing your own thing, without any worry about what is going to happen next. You are in the present moment. Almost like a baby bathing in its mother's womb. Warm, cosy, and worry free.
Wearing a wedding dress, in the bath (cleansing) seems to me that you are re-evaluating your relationship with yourself. You are re-defining who you are and finding your "place". Water almost always means re-birth.
The shoes and clothes on each side of you, boy clothes (for him) and girl clothes (for you) seem to represent what you find necessary to live on. Shoes are important to you, as I see from our chat that you have many. To me they represent "grounding" as you are grounding both your male and female side. Clothes usually represent the expression of self, again, you finding balance between the yin and yang. In your present life, you are working your way through self-expression: I.E. writing, massage, Reiki and leaving home. Also, you are finding your independence and true spirit. All this is synonymous with new beginnings.
The window in this dream is letting in the light (possibilities and hopes) leaving the darkness on the outside and keeping your self private. That is a good thing.
Red bench seat: What I see here is that you are "benching" your anger. You are finally learning to forgive others slowly as you move into your new independent life. Be careful not to bench it too long. When a team player gets "benched" he/she usually gets very restless and eager to go out and play. Pay attention to your feelings, look at what angers you, and then move on.
The tuxedo guy seems to represent you male self, which may represent a fear of commitment, insecurity, and aggressiveness. He seems to have a "parental quality" about him too trying to make you do something you do not want to do. He wants to pull you out of your "happy zone" He seems to want to "ruin" your peacefulness and fun, yet he also seems in a hurry to move on. Do you feel guilty about these "new" changes in your life. Is your SuperEgo talking to you telling you that you are not worthy of this "good life" if so.. you know you are happy in your bathtub, then stay in your bathtub, BUT!! Don't stay too long in your comfort zone, like that "benched anger" it can turn on you.
Your anger at him is obvious, it seems you do not want anyone to "burst your bubble" right now. And that's ok.. You know how to tap into your "happy" self and deal with day-to-day ups and downs. That is where you will find balance.
In the dream you describe the excitement and urgency. I love the way you try to stay present in the bath and really ignore the "worry" (I have to be somewhere) It seems like the bath (the womb) is exactly where to be for re-birth. No one can force you to blossom, you will do that on your own.
Thy guy in you is saying: Hey, come on! Lets get moving! You can listen to him when you are ready.
You seem to be happy with "what is" right now. Not worrying about a wrinkled dress, but the GUY in you is. So again.. it's all about balancing that out. Listening to your intuitions and doing what is right for you.
I also love how you come out of the bath and leave the wedding dress for a hotter, more sexy you! I feel a discovery is near or has already happened.
Remember! Don't let anyone burst your bubble(s) or pull the plug on your happiness, including yourself.
Kelly's Response
I really can see how rebirth is my theme in my dreams and my "awake" life. I have moved into a new place, met some new people, started volunteering at a local animal shelter, getting back in the dating scene, and intended on balancing my work with play. Your right I do have a nagging "parental voice" in my head telling me to keep looking for a better job, apply for massage therapy scholarships, take on a weekend job, clean your room, vacuum that carpet, and THEN you can PLAY.
The list of work never ends, so my play time gets put on hold…I'm sick of it! Can that carpet wait…YES! Is that job on Indeed.com going to still be there in an hour after I take a walk. No I want to have the weekends to do what I damn well please. The voice lecture about how if I don't go to massage therapy school RIGHT THIS MINUTE, I'll be sorry is a load of crap. Massage therapy school will be there for me when the time is right…I've been given the signs that NOW isn't the right time.
In the meantime, I'll do some freelance writing and volunteer at an animal shelter. I am also not going to be bullied by that voice, or any other voice that is being a jerk bag to me.
I do love having shoes that are versatile with all my outfits. I need to revamp some of them or trade them in for shoes that fit me better now. Basically I'm doing that with my clothes in now too…I'm slowly revamping myself to fit who I am. I'm rediscovering myself after being under the influence of depression and anxiety: ( See Kelly's post here ) It's time to trade in my wrinkly clothes of the past for a hot sexy red and black dress!! Yes I can definitely see how all that makes sense with what is happening in my life at the moment.
Awesome Job Kim!!!
Don't forget to return next week to find Kelly's brother entering a forest fire, never to be seen.. or will we?

subset: commoncrawl


text: So, when Knoxville and Nashville empty and head your way, you're going to still be standing at the door of the ark? It will be like the DMZ in Korea when the Chinese came over the line. I can see you now with a. 45 and maybe an AR-15 worrying about when the barrels are going to melt <G>. ...bobford p.s. I do agree with your assessment. I went to a gun show one time where a guy had built a homemade gatlin gun.... something to consider <g>.....bford ----- Original Message ---- From: "Clansgian at wmconnect.com" <Clansgian at wmconnect.com> To: homestead at lists.ibiblio.org Sent: Thursday, September 11, 2008 3:03:11 PM Subject: Re: [Homestead] Enjoy the quiet while it lasts... > >My conclusion is that seeing that as many as possible survive what is > coming should be our focus. My conclusion is seeing that my family will survive and screw the rest of you. I (many of us here) have stood at the door of the ark for years predicting the rainstorm and gone unheeded.


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totally dont remember seeing you Fluke!
totally dont remember seeing you Fluke!
<@Carey85> I-75 is the second busiest freeway in the country behind I-95
<@NE146> u r
I know... likewise. Where were you Fluke? I don't think anyone I know mentioned seeing you either!
One thing I never asked about, but I was curious about what the alcohol rules there were.
I just stepped away from cge for a little while to get my drink on and then came back.
--- www.AtariProtos.com ---
All Your Prototypes Are Belong To Us!
Yeah, I went the safe route and stepped away since I was told about an after party, so I just naturally assumed that CGE would stay family friendly and be alcohol free and then all alcohol would happen at the after party. Obviously alcohol would be bad at the museum since holding an adult beverage, drinking, and leaning over looking at shit is bad.
if it is cool to walk around with a corona, i will need to remember that for next year
Frank bought one of the mystery boxes at CGE (the first one guy who had to get more $$ and the box had the mass of common games in it).
There were people walking around the main hall with drinks, though not a ton. The museum didn't allow that stuff in anyways, so your beverage would have been sitting near the door along w/ your bags.
Because it makes no attempt to be great, it is therefore extremely great.
Some of My Game Collection Mah Mac n' Cheese Blog
CGE is alcohol friendly. I assume it wouldnt be cool to stumble around the show all shitfaced though. You can even buy 300$ Coronas! Just make sure you man up and chug the damn thing
<@Carey85> I-75 is the second busiest freeway in the country behind I-95
<@NE146> u r
The show was a blast, and the people as well, but I wish the show was longer like 3-5 days
For me the highlights of the show were the Panels and the Museum.
Both of which were amazing. I'm a little more active on the Retro Gaming Round up forum over at Game Gavel, and had a great time hanging out with other listeners and the hosts of that show.
I didn't get a lot of time to peruse the vendor booths, hopefully next year, I'll do a little more shopping.
While I don't think there were any rules against it, it seems that most people were sober during the show anyways . I don't remember you, I was in the after party myself, I wonder if we ever chatted.
Yeah in the museum that would be a big no no. If someone leaned over and spilled beer all over my X'Eye or CDX I would have been pissed!
I so can't wait for next years show.


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Yes, Adam and Angie are good friends since they have worked together in many many series in the past, in many concerts and recently in Adam's 2005 concerts.Originally Posted by lightanddark
Adam only has ONE wife now. The two pictures that I posted is one wife, she's the same one, no different He had 2 ex-girlfriends in the past and one ex-wife, that's all. Of course he and his ex-wife divorced before he could marry the current one (in the 2 pictures that I posted)


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Anyone else have a darkened airspeed indicator while flying at night? Any solutions, sans Flight1 support?
Anyone else have a darkened airspeed indicator while flying at night? Any solutions, sans Flight1 support?
Yup, everyone does...until they find the "magic switch". LOL
Look on your throttle quadrant. There is a set of switches. 2 actually work, the others are duds. The one on the left will add additional backlighting covering the left area of the panel. The one on the right turns on the VC lighting.
An additional lighting issue for me...is the VC lighting. They put a single VC light in the center of the cockpit that tends to "over illuminate" the center of the panel, and under certain circumstances (such as night-time), drowns out the lighting on the audio buttons.
So...what I did, was eliminate the center light completely, and add 2 VC lights, putting them off to the sides of the VC (one on the left, one on the right).
This actually is more realistic, because if you look at the ceiling, the VC lights are situated just that way. This also gives additional lighting to the panel (which can be turned on and off as needed).
Here's the "aircraft.cfg" section for this if you need it: (bottom 3 lines)
//1=beacon, 2=strobe, 3=navigation, 4=cockpit
//5=landing, 6=taxi, 7=recog, 8=wing, 9=logo 10=cabin
light.0 = 2, -2.4284, -26.2940, 3.6634, fx_strobeh
light.1 = 2, -2.4284, 26.5240, 3.6634, fx_strobeh
light.2 = 3, 1.2549, -24.9740, 1.9990, fx_navred
light.3 = 3, 1.4422, 25.3580, 2.0633, fx_navgre
light.4 = 3, -29.0179, 0.0000, 9.3500, fx_navwhi
light.5 = 1, -27.1984, 0.0000, 9.7640, fx_PC12_beacon
light.6 = 1, 1.6780, 0.9920, -0.6910, fx_PC12_beacon
light.7 = 8, 6.4973, -18.7666, 6.6184, fx_PC12_LT2
;light.8 = 4, 5.5000, 0.0000, 1.4000, fx_vclight_S80 /// floods out audio -removed
light.8 = 4, 5.5000, -1.5000, 1.4000, fx_vclight_S80 /// left vc light added
light.9 = 4, 5.5000, 1.5000, 1.4000, fx_vclight_S80 /// right vc light added
Awesome, awesome, awesome...thank you, sir!
Last edited by rlk; 03-29-2009 at 10:47 PM.


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Racing into theaters November 24th!
A great opportunity to own a real Hurst/Olds.
If you love Ford performance, this is the place for you!
Indulge your power craving with all things Chevrolet performance!
The Original Muscle Car Is A Great Investment!
King of the Road
Police spec Z28 in a plain brown wrapper.
Luxurious Muscle
The new Camaro is a modern interpretation of old-school American muscle with a distinctly modern twist.
A visual feast for Mustang lovers.
A Real Jekyll & Hyde Ride
Tulsa Raceway Park thundered with Ford power!
The Ultimate Ford Family Reunion
Families, fun and Mustangs at Myrtle Beach.
'Mustang Alley,' the 'Stone Soup Boss 5.0' and more make the 18th Woodward Dream Cruise a Ford-ified success
This Midwest Event's Debut Pulls Out All The Stops
Bringing the Ford & Shelby family together again in Tulsa!
The Boss 302 returns to the road after 42 years.
A championship program lives on today.
A member of the Ford family for over 50 years.
Shaking Hands With The Devil
How Hot Rodding A 440 Created A Legend
The Firebird That Never Was
"Friends of Carroll Shelby" builds a one-of-a-kind 2013 Shelby GT500 Cobra to commemorate the late Carroll Shelby.
Ray Of Light - 1970 Camaro
Sometimes an auction is also a car show.
Fifth gen Corvettes showed up in force this year.
What's the best Ford Mustang for around $30k? Brian Moody and Lizzy Vincent from AutoTrader take two very different sides as to which car...
Walking around the paddock at Hallett Motor Racing Circuit
First generation Corvettes shine in the sun!
Car? Truck? Both? All awesome!
While the old school Cobra was loud, the Cobra Jet even louder!
Things are moving fast at the site of the south's newest raceway.
Raw power in a sculpted shell, these cars look fast even when sitting still.
Old school flair with new school tech!
We Interview Fast Five's Car Coordinator Dennis McCarthy
Some cars are already destined to be memorable.
Sometimes "why" is the more appropriate question.
More of our favorite hot rods from Detroit.
Not your normal kind of rod run...
It takes a special woman to be a car guy's mother.
From horseless carriages to speedsters, these rolling masterpieces captured everyone's imagination.
Living large in a classic land yacht.
This may be the "Back To The 50s" show but these 60s cars are welcomed with open arms.
Watch as a Cobra Jet lines up with a Super Cobra Jet!
After a hard life on the farm these trucks are getting the retirement they deserve.
These heavy haulers drew just as much attention as their downsized brothers.
One great feature of the show was the constant parade of amazing iron rolling down the streets.
Over the top motorcycles and trikes were everywhere!
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AutoTrader Classics Editor Brian Medford travels to Streetside Classics in Powder Springs, GA to talk about what makes the 1970 Camaro cool.
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Republican gubernatorial candidate David Williams criticism of Gov. Steve Beshear's participation in a Hindu ceremony has angered some Hindus around the nation.
The Hindu American Foundation condemned Williams' comments.
"The words of Sen. Williams are not only an affront to Hindu Americans, but all Americans as he conjures up the lowest sentiments of exclusion and bigotry," said Shuhag Shugla, HAF's managing director, in a statement on the organization's web site.
A Hindu leader in Nevada, Rajan Zed, released a statement as well expressing anger at "dragging a Hindu ceremony of bhumi-pujan(earth-worship) into an electoral battle for governor's race in Kentucky."
Posted in: Election 2011, Governor, NKY Politics, NKY Region, State Issues, Updates
Tags: David Williams, Steve Beshear


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- August 24, 2012
- 8:43 p.m.
- Suggest removal
- Reply to this post
CaptainK writes:
Like him or dislike him, he is no quitter............
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80 Comments New Comment
seriously learn how to spell its katherine or katerina damon stefan and damon and katerina and stefan and elena
Damon shld nt b xploit or tk advantag of simply bcos he has a wiknes cald elena. Morova, is nt lik stefan has neva bn bad, he's md quit a reputation 4 himslf, so he deserv kat. He's neva gonna hav a dul moment wit her cos she xcitin n unpredictabl.
Whats with everyone calling Stefan,Stephan?? If you are a true fan, you will know it is Stefan!!! :@
I think Elena should end up with Stefan coz Stefan has been there for her the whole way.. well exept when he was forced to turn everything off.. But they should end up together.. Sorry Damon..
i think elena should end up with damon and stefan with kathrien and elena should have a baby with damon since humans can procreate and only vamps cant which she isnt .
Okay, Ist of all I miss Catherine. N I think Catherine should end up with Stefan. N Damon with Elena. That would be weird n exciting. Stefan is just too good for Elena n Elena too gd for Damon
I think is fair if elena ends up with demon and stefen with katherana petrova .dont u think demon deserve 2 b loved .and kat always goes 4 stefen,he can relove her
Pls stefan!!!he's always care for her,PLS JUST PICK STEFAN!!!damon alr had elena in real life/in the show,should let stefan hav her!!!


text: We had a great time at the inn, especially being the only 3 guests at the time. This is the oldest house in Frankfort, dating from the civil war area, and it is in very good shape (though would not call it impeccable). Sandy made us feel very much at home and we had nice long conversations over breakfast. She... More


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Holidays: Valentines
Nothing says, "I love you," than a thoughtful gift on Valentine's Day. Here are some craft ideas that are easy to make to celebrate this heartfelt holiday.
We have lots of craft ideas for kids. Try some of these arts & crafts: Crafts, Autumn Crafts, Christmas Crafts, Earth Day Crafts, Easter Crafts, Father's Day Crafts, Halloween Crafts, Mother's Day Crafts, Spring Crafts, St. Patrick's Day Crafts, Summer Crafts, Thanksgiving Crafts & Valentine's Crafts. These activities for children will provide hours of fun.
... more Valentine fun.


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Mobile library stops in Basingstoke could be axed (From Basingstoke Gazette)
When news happens, text BAZ and your photos or videos to 80360. Or contact us by email and phone.
Mobile library stops in Basingstoke could be axed
9:08am Thursday 27th September 2012 in News By Emily Roberts, Chief Reporter
MOBILE library stops in Basingstoke could be withdrawn as part of a review to run the service more efficiently.
Hampshire County Council wants to ensure its mobile library service reaches as many people as efficiently as possible, and asked the public for their opinions. Today, Councillor Keith Chapman , executive member for culture and recreation, will consider the findings of the review and the proposal to remove 29 under-used mobile library stops.
The mobile library stops at 363 destinations in Hampshire, but 39 of these have fewer than two customers each or even none at all. Other stops, however, are very popular and would benefit from longer stays.
Of the 39 under-used stops, it is proposed that 29 are withdrawn. This includes six in Basingstoke and Deane – Ashmansworth, East Woodhay, St Mary Bourne, Ashford Hill, Pamber and Mortimer West End. The remaining 10 would be retained but include various changes – however none of these are in Basingstoke and Deane.
Another 14 stops that were not part of the consultation could also be changed. Cllr Chapman said: "A new, improved, and streamlined mobile library service was launched last summer as it had not been extensively reviewed in over two decades. We said that we would review the service one year on, and the feedback collected this summer has been an important part of work that aims to help shape a mobile library service that better meets the needs of Hampshire residents."
The proposed changes will come into effect on October 22, subject to Cllr Chapman's decision. A further consultation exercise will be held at the end of next year to review the planned changes being made this year.
Comments are closed on this article.


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LEGO Universe launch date confirmed
LEGO Universe launch date confirmed
Posted by Huw, 21 Jun 2010 17:25. Filed under Software/Games.
The official launch date for LEGO Universe is now confirmed as being October 26th. That's the date when the packaged product will be on the shelves of normal retailers.
However, if you've pre-ordered, you'll be able to access the game from October 12th.
Although this will not be something I'll get time to play, I really hope it's a success for LEGO: Since it was first announced, what, some 4 years ago, they have put an incredible amount of time, effort, and of course money, into the game.
Here are direct links to pre-order it at LEGOshop.com: UK (£29.99) | US ($39.99)
45 comments, latest one posted 42 months ago. (Commenting has ended on this article)1295 views


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As part of the ever growing 'Social Media' revolution, Blue Print is now on both Facebook and Twitter!
Statistics suggest that 2/3 of people now use 'Social Media' sites, 62% of them will access this via their mobile phones. Blue Print's Communications Officer Simon Hutchinson said
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text:
Revenge is a dish best served half-melted
August 9, 2012 | 11:00 am
(Updated: January 17, 2013 | 2:16 pm)
Pet peeves. We all have them. Those annoying things that others do that burrow under our skin. Toss in a string of 100 plus degree days, and those little irritations turn into scorching rage.
All of my pet peeves take place when I am driving my scooter on Denver's roadways. When the person in front of me is not pissing me off, slamming on her or his brakes to make a turn without signaling, I am cursing at the person on a cell phone as she or he attempts to plow over me and my Vespa.
But there is one thing that makes my blood boil the most – trash thrown out of cars.
As a little kid, I was taught not to be a litterbug. "Give a hoot, don't pollute" said Woodsy the owl and his wise advice still plays in my head. "Keep America Beautiful" was plastered across every trashcan, into which I dutifully placed my candy wrappers. As a baby drag queen, I was merely following the rules. As my triple nipples burst forth in puberty, I realized keeping the world litter-free was more about respect – for the earth and for each other.
When you're zooming down the street at 45 miles an hour, with nothing between you and the road but air, an empty soda can tossed out a car window can dent a forehead or two.
That's when the revenge fantasies kick in. Maybe I could carry a sack of trash so at the next stoplight I could throw a few soda cans back in that open car window. Perhaps I could start carrying my blowgun on me for a few silent tire punctures. A bag of cigarette butts would be perfect for dumping into that smoker's car ahead of me who thinks the world is their ashtray.
It's always nice when you can actually turn your fantasies into reality. I make it a point to do that as often as I can.
Case in point. It was annoying enough when I came out of the local Queen Sooper's to find a car idling in the fire lane. But when I walked past the car and an entire bag of fast food wrappers the size of a soccer ball landed at my feet, I'd had enough. Quicker than a forward at a Colorado Rapid's game, I flung that greasy wad right back from where it came. I was unprepared for the shower of sparks that erupted from the lit cigarette dangling from the litterbug's mouth. Apparently this soccer game included fireworks as a special bonus. Score!
I recently had another delicious litter-revenge moment. I was idling my scooter at a stoplight in the right lane when a big SUV pulled up on my left. The driver's tinted window came down with a whirr. Usually when this happens, someone is lost and asking me for directions. Instead, a half-eaten ice cream bar came whizzing out, plopping just inches from my foot.
"Excuse me, but I do believe you dropped this," I said to the overweight woman, grabbing the frozen treat by the wood handle and chucking it back into the car. I fully expected the melted dairy dessert to land somewhere in her car, making a mess. Instead, it stuck squarely to her cheek, sliding slowly down her face. The last thing I heard as I rode away was the sound of frantic screaming. Score!
I am sad to say that when it comes to pet peeves in the Nuclia household, I am the source of Mr. Waste's biggest one – loud chewing.
What can I say? I like to crunch. Ice cubes. Rice crackers. Celery. Grape nuts. Carrots. Peanut brittle. Pork rinds. I like crunchy and I like noise. It drives Mr. Waste bonkers. I can even raise the decibels on a watermelon or a chocolate bar. It's a gift.
Luckily for me, our two new doggie additions, Puppy Waste One and Two, have me beat in the loud gnawing department. When they go to town on a Nylabone or plastic water bottle, they make me sound like a tongue-less nun at a hushing convention. Thank you, pups, for getting me off the hook. There's a crunchy dog biscuit in your near future.


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SEARCH Advanced Search
Registration Link
Event Details
The purposes of the 2012 Annual Mid-Atlantic Diabetes Research Symposium, co-sponsored by the Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Mid-Atlantic Nutrition Obesity Research Center (NORC) at the Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, are to encourage collaborations and enhance interactions at the regional level through the sharing of both reagents and expertise. This year's format will comprise two 60-minute plenary lectures (Morrie Birnbaum, University of Pennsylvania, The Regulation of Hepatic Metabolism; and Anna Mae Diehl, Duke University, Diabetes and Liver Disease); three 30-minute invited talks (Elisabetta Mueller, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Novel Transcriptional Regulators of Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipid Metabolism; Rosario Scalia, Temple University, Is the Microcirculation an Early Instigator of Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance?; and Bret Goodpaster, University of Pittsburgh, Intramyocellular Lipids, Mitochondria, and Insulin Resistance: Lost in Translation?); and six short, hot-topic talks (both invited and selected from the abstracts). Jesse Roth, Feinstein Institute, and Carol Haft, NIH, will chair the oral presentations. Plenary and invited speaker titles will be available shortly. Space also will be available for up to 40 posters. Coffee breaks will be long enough to view the posters and renew acquaintances; and a 2-hour lunch break will feature good food at a reasonable price, a comprehensive poster session, and a poster discussion chaired by Simeon Taylor, Bristol-Myers Squibb. Early registration is encouraged.For questions concerning program content, contact:
Samuel W. Cushman, Ph.D.National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthMark O. Hatfield Clinical Research CenterBuilding 10-CRC, Room 5-575010 Center Drive, MSC 1453Bethesda, MD 20892-1453Phone: (301) 496-5953Fax: (301) 451-6989Email: email@example.com
For questions concerning meeting logistics, contact:
John Hare, CMPThe Scientific Consulting Group, Inc. 656 Quince Orchard Road, Suite 210 Gaithersburg, MD 20878 Phone: (301) 670-4990 Fax: (301) 670-3815 Email: email@example.com
[Back to Top]
Submission Deadline: Wednesday, August 29, 2012
For questions concerning program content, contact:
Registration and Logistics
Page last updated: September 26, 2012


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My husband and I stayed in a one bedroom apartment for a week on a recent visit to Auckland. The room was very comfortable and well set out with plenty of room. The hotel is located in Albany Village with a choice of restaurants and shops right at your door step. Also very close to the bus route into Auckland.... More
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Quest Albany is a brand new property located in the heart of the Albany Village offering a range of Studio, One and Two bedroom fully self-contained apartments. Quest Albany provides a value for money experience with its modern and secure 4 star plus facilities which are ideal for corporate, educational and leisure travellers alike. Location is the key with easy walking distance to North Harbour Stadium, Albany Domain, Westfield Albany, Albany Mega Centre and Massey University. Quest Albany is also central to a number of fantastic cafe and restaurants within Albany Village and offers a very practical chargeback option where guest may dine at selected cafe and restaurants and charge their meals back to their room with the convenience of only having to settle one bill. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Booking.com, Orbitz, Agoda, Cheap Tickets, Travelocity, Asiatravel.com Holdings, Hotels.com, Venere and Tingo so you can book your Quest Albany reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Nitrogen Systems
Coltri Americas is the industry leader in innovative solutions for the production of nitrox using membranes. The same membranes are used to produce nitrogen up to over 99% purity. Page is still under construction |
Manuals & Downloads | Links | Contact Us | About Us | Site Map
© 2006 by Coltri Americas. All Rights Reserved. Text, graphics, images, and HTML code are protected by US and International Copyright Laws, and may not be copied, reprinted, published, translated, hosted, or otherwise distributed by any means without explicit permission. |


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1954 Studebaker Conastoga 2 dr. wagon. 6 cyl. 3 speed all original. original miles I family owned older paint & body. very nice chrome Original owners manual and resgistrations.... More
This 55 Studebaker Champion is a Black Plate California/Nevada solid, virtually rust free "TIME CAPSULE". Solid floors - Nice NICE inside and out. Original... More


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This has to be one of the most exciting things to happen to the sax world in modern times. Finally a modern sax that actually captures the sound and feel of those treasured classic saxes of the past - while adding state-of-the-art intonation and mechanism. Based on the scale of the classic '62' models, the new Custom Z saxes have bodies that are made of a special brass alloy for lighter weight, a great playing 'feel', and the kind of tonal flexibility you've always dreamed of. The Z plays evenly in all ranges, and gives you a huge dynamic range for as much - or as little - sound as you want. The Custom G1 neck helps produce a quick and agile response, while key action and placement feel just right. You can create whatever style tone you're after, from vintage to contemporary, and there's no need to sacriface comfort for sound. These horns literally 'have it all'.
Body design
The 82Z features a two-piece hydro-formed bell. The body, bell, and bow are annealed during production to make this horn more responsive and less resistant.
The new mechanisms on the 82Z allow for faster action and easier repair.
Blue steel springs
The 82Z comes with blue steel springs for faster, more sensitive key response and higher resiliency.
New case
The new 82Z comes equipped with a newly designed lightweight case that has a shoulder strap.
Eye catching engraving will give you the look of a custom horn.
YAC ASC-820 Hard shell case
YAC SN-AG1 Custom Saxophone neck; "G" taper; gold lacquer.
Yamaha Custom mouthpiece (4CM) 4CM hard rubber mouthpiece
YAC 1421MP Medium saxophone neckstrap.
YAC 1609 Gold-lacquered ligature.
YAC 1647 Gold-lacquered mouthpiece cap.
YAC 1007P Cork grease; round box.
Custom alto saxophone necks -- "M" series "M" series necks offer a focused, responsive tone suitable for any playing situation. All Custom saxophone necks come in a choice of gold lacquer, silver-plated or gold-plated finish. Gold lacquer necks are standard on all Custom saxophones.
YAC SN-AM1S "M" taper; silver.
YAC SN-AM1G "M" taper; gold-plated.
YAC 1060 Lacquer polish.
YAC 1056P Swab/brush.
Level Custom Z
Key of Eb
Neck Custom G1
Neck Material French Brass
Body Material French Brass
Bell French Brass; Two-Piece
Key Material Yellow Brass
Key Buttons Mother of Pearl
Finish Unlacquered (YAS-82ZU); Gold lacquered (YAS-82Z); Silver (YAS-82ZS); Black lacquered (YAS-82ZB)
Tone Holes Drawn
Auxiliary Keys Front F; High F# key
Mouthpiece Yamaha 4CM
Mouthpiece Cap Yellow brass; Gold lacquer (YAS-82Z/ZB); Silver-plated (YAS-82ZS)
Spring Type Blue Steel Needle
Pad Type Waterproof leather and wool felt with plastic tone boosters
Bell Decoration Hand Engraved
Thumb Hook Adjustable Plastic
Pivot Screw Bullet tip design with head
Mounting Ribbed and Flanged
Options Without High F# key (YAS-82ZWOF)
Estimate Delivery Cost
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Flash is not supported on this device. If you wish to listen to this audio, you must download and play an mp3 using an mp3 player on your device. CLICK HERE
Press the play button to hear the latest news from THE REGION.
The Indiana Senate has unanimously passed a measure meant to show gratitude to Purple Heart veterans in the Hoosier state. The bill allows owners of a Purple Heart license plate to park in a metered space without fee for parking, or penalty for overtime parking. The legislation is co-sponsored in the House by Valparaiso State Representative Ed Soliday.
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Finally, a fun way to iron clothes
If you've ever had to dry clothes on the road with a rest stop hand dryer, Nigel Roddy's innovative ironing system, the Arion, is going to look familiar, but without the annoyance of having to hold the clothes on the nozzle.
The airbag is produced from a porous membrane. When inflated the airbag expands applying an even pressure across the entire inner surface of the garment. This gentle pressure straightens out the creases and removes wrinkles from within. Hot air is simultaneously forced through the clothing fibers to speed up the process.
The Arion can have a pair of wet pants ironed in fifteen minutes and a t-shirt in three, perfect for when you have exactly that much time to make coffee, shower and make a mad dash through the house looking for the keys. With the Arion, though, you won't look as if you just rolled out of bed.
Pure genius and no burns to boot.
Full story at Nigel Roddy via Tuvie.
Author on Google+1 Comment
Thats it! My mums Christmas present sorted! I'll be her number one fan… or should I say, the Arion will be her No1 Fan!!


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Please enter your travel dates.
Double Room, 2 Double Beds
Double Room, 2 Double Beds
Standard Room, 1 Queen Bed
Standard Room, 1 Queen Bed
Marion motel with a complimentary breakfast
Situated in the business district, this motel is close to Rent One Park, Kokopelli Golf Club, and Illinois Centre Mall. Local attractions also include Heartland Regional Medical Center and Williamson County Historical Museum.
Property Features
Super 8 Marion offers a complimentary continental breakfast. Other amenities include complimentary wireless Internet access, a 24-hour front desk, and air conditioning in public areas.
Room Amenities
Televisions come with cable channels. Guestrooms also feature complimentary wireless Internet access, refrigerators, and microwaves.
Hotel Amenities
- General
A complimentary breakfast is offered each morning. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access. This Marion motel also offers a television in the lobby, a microwave in the lobby, and air conditioning in public areas.
- Number of floors - 3
- Total number of rooms - 63
- Free Wi-Fi
- Free outdoor parking
- 24-hour front desk
- Air-conditioned public areas
- Business services
- Free breakfast
- Microwave in lobby
- Television in lobby
- Internet
Available in all rooms: Free Wi-Fi
Available in some public areas: Free Wi-Fi
- Parking
Free outdoor parking
- Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Desk
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Microwave
- Free Wi-Fi
- Refrigerator
- Coffee/tea maker
- Phone
- Free local calls
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- Cable TV service
- Dining
Guests are offered a complimentary continental breakfast each morning.
Policies & Fees
- Check-in
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
- Check-out
Check-out time is 11 AM
- Payment types
Accepted at this hotel: American Express, Diners Club, Discover, MasterCard, Visa
- Pets
Pets allowed, Maximum number of pets per room 2, Pet maximum weight in lb is 20
- General
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No elevators
- Fees
- The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Pet fee: USD 10 per pet, per day
- Rollaway bed fee: USD 6 per day
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
- Additional Details
Children 18 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section).


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- Forum: iPad
- Thread: iPad as laptop replacement
Great advice, thanks Relic. I love my iPad and use it in bed a lot, so she's jealous, but I also have a MBP for work, so I haven't felt the limitations first hand.
I was thinking that maybe Dropbox could help as a workaround...


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- December 1, 2012
- 6:28 p.m.
- Suggest removal
- Reply to this post
amesburyroad writes:
Catcards "originated" here 06 Nov, just by accident mind you, on Election Day, when the American people were presented a choice between the President and the Tea Party, said Americans soundly rejecting the foolish Tea Party.
Catcards joins the recent influx of many, many new right wing reactionary posters here since the Election Day rejection of all things conservative.
Like all the other "new" posters here, clearly Catcards was a previous poster, clearly Catcards is hiding it's previous posting history with the new screenname.
More then likely, Catcards was one of the geniuses who spent the last four years on this site spiking the football gleefully anticipating the impending election defeat of the President and now seeks to hide it's foolish ill-informed low information pre-election posting history from our review and amusement.
Want to participate in the conversation? Become a subscriber today. Subscribers can read and comment on any story, anytime. Non-subscribers will only be able to view comments on select stories.


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not entirely!
Posted by Emelye on May 29, 1998 at 13:37:05:
In response to fashionble ?, written by Serena on May 18, 1998 at 16:10:05
] I wonder if it was just simply a fashion accessory to wear gloves - of course it could also be a necessity for the cold or for the horse-riders.I think there was another reason -- if you have ever done any ballroom dancing (as opposed to what people call "dancing" in this day and age), you 've probably noticed that one's hands can get a bit sweaty, especially if one is dancing in a warm room. Gloves provide the necessary friction that enables a gentleman to keep ahold of his partner's hand, particularly during a fast dance!
- Gloves on while dancing marilyn penner 17:09:19 6/12/98 (0)
Posting followups to old messages is disabled; instead go to the main index and post a new message which mentions this one.


text: For all you shooters out there, this is a nice buy if you're traveling in the coming months! Great for places where they won't let you use your flash, you can use this monopod to stead yourself or flip out the legs for some quick tripod work! The ballheads are always nice as you can quickly swivel the camera around if you need to instead of fiddling with a 3 way pan handle, and this is made by Sunpak which I've found to be very hearty and sturdy. (I still have one of the first Sunpak tripods I've ever bought to use for fireworks!) The only catch is that this monopod and ballhead combo can hold a max of 9lbs so it sort of limits all you folks out there with the ginormous D3's and Eos 1Ds. SUNPAK MONOPOD TRIPOD COMBO WITH BALLHEAD DEAL


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By Dean Furukawa, DSW LCSW Circle of Trust, Mental Health Specialist
The Confederated Salish & Kootenai Tribe- members will be receiving a cash payout settlement award on September 12 as a result of an agreement entered into with the U.S. Government, offering compensation for the misuse of resources. While this is a very positive thing for the community, I would like to issue a warning about unexpected outcomes, even for receiving a good thing. What can be the problem with more money?
When I worked for the Veteran's Administration, a question was asked when a veteran was going to be given an award stipend for having been injured during military service. The question was, Will there be any problems anticipated in receiving this award? What problems could be caused by getting money you might ask? I once read about lottery winners and what had happened to them after they started receiving payouts. One would think that life would be great with sudden big money coming in, but some winners experienced unexpected things that they were not prepared for. One winner lost a lot of money to quick investments, and found that relatives came pleading for financial help, including seeking money for needed medical operations. How can you say no to that? One winner got divorced and his wife sued him for half of his winnings and even tried to hurt him permanently to get all of it, perish the thought. The current award is not nearly as big an amount as the lottery winners won.
So as your payout comes nearer, please prepare yourself for possible unanticipated results of getting a lot of money, and getting it all at once. Most will likely spend it on needed things like a new car, for home repairs, to pay down some bills, or to go on a family vacation. I hope that the community as a whole will experience a period of good feelings and ease.
Money can be like power: Too much, too soon, can be poisonous. But we can tolerate some things, if taken in small amounts, over time. While this is a metaphor, can you think of situations in which too much of a good thing too fast could be harmful? Here are some such situations:
"I bought a car but it broke down."
"I got this money for centuries of injustices done to my family and my ancestors, but I spent it in a few days. Where did it go?" Guilt or depression could set in.
Spending the money on gambling, drugs or alcohol. "It was a rush while it was happening but now my money is gone. I feel shameful for wasting it."
"I spent it on my girlfriend. Now the money is gone and so is she."
A man spends his money on alcohol, loses self-control, and then does something foolish or dangerous while intoxicated, and he regrets it afterward.
Planning Might Help Doing some planning might be one of the best things that you can do.
1) Cars: Some sound cars can be found for $2500.00-$5000.00 on craigslist.com and eBay. On Craigslist.com you search under Cars and Trucks by location. Any car purchase is a risk, and taking someone with you who knows about cars or having a car inspected by a mechanic might help to reduce your chance of getting a car that needs more repairs than it is worth. eBay has an auction and some cars are offered as Buy It Now for a fixed price. Be aware that on eBay you would be buying a car sight unseen, plus you may have to go pick it up in another city, adding to the cost. Maybe a friend or relative may be trading up as has a good running car to sell you.
2) A sense of balance might help. Try setting aside a portion of the money for necessary but not-so-fun stuff like paying down bills, and then, also spend a portion for a fun activity like going on a vacation. Instead of taking a lavish vacation in a distant place, treat yourself to a road trip and travel locally.
3) Put the money in the bank and give your checkbook to someone you really trust. The checks are yours and only you can sign them. Ask that person to give you only one check at a time, discussing each purchase and the pros and cons. This helps to control impulsiveness.
4) If you are concerned about how yourself, an adult or elder might be at risk to be taken advantage of, contact Tribal Social Services at 675-2700 and ask Adult Protective Services. A payee might be assigned to help manage dispersing the funds.
5) Eat: Treat your friends and family to a lavish dinner. It tastes good and is nurturing. Take a picture of your meal and look at it and remember how good it tasted. A meal does not cost a lot in comparison to buying a car.
6) Put the money into several envelopes, labeling one for each month. Only allow yourself to spend one envelop a month.
7) If you have a problem with drinking or using, and you know this about yourself, how about investing in a session with a Licensed Addictions Counselor? LACs can be found in the yellow pages of the phone book, and there are local programs that are offered at no cost or with a sliding fee scale.
8) Limit your access to the substance prior to getting the award. Be around others who support your sobriety. Start attending AA again. Think up some free or low cost non-alcoholic activities that satisfy your urges without hurting you financially, socially or healthwise.
9) Investing in yourself has been said to be the best investment that you can make. Take a fun class, buy a membership in an enjoyable activity, go to a concert.
10) Breathe and relax, think the words "Safe, calm," in your mind over and over. This helps to calm your mind so you can think better and it helps to ease jumpiness.
11) Keeping it safe: If you get suicidal call 1-800-273-TALK for the 24/7 National Crisis Hotline.
So with some planning, you can enjoy this payout and you might avoid some unexpected problems.


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Fellow in Finance
MA, MPhil (Univ. of Cambridge)
Professional experience
Owain Evans works in the investment banking division of Morgan Stanley, where he is a Vice President. He has previously held posts at Merrill Lynch & Co and N M Rothschild & Sons. He specialises in M&A, and has joint research in this field with other members of the School.
Research interests
Earnings forecast and out-turns for bidders in M&A.
Owain Evans is a member of the Finance & Accounting subject group.


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- Visit
- At The Fleet
Aventuras Salvajes En California (2000): Es una expedición virtual que te deslizara desde las montañas junto con snowboarders, girando por los aires de San Diego con skysurfers, nadando los océanos junto con las nutrias, excavando desde treinta metros...
Rolling Stones [IMAX]at the MAXSpecial limited engagement! See the Stones: Bigger and louder than ever before! Shot on location in Turin, Berlin and London, Rolling Stones at the MAX features the band performing during their highly-acclaimed Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle tour. The Stones...
The Discoverers [IMAX]Feel the Courage. Live the Adventure.This film will show as part of Senior Monday on Monday, Dec. 2, only. Based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Daniel J. Boorstin, this stunning film relives some of mankind's greatest moments of discovery, including Magellan's expedition to find the...
Back for a limited run in December 2013! Encounter the wilds of California as you sky surf over San Diego at 150mph, ride down a 25-foot wave at Maverick's, snowboard the Sierra's highest peaks and drop 130 feet into the center of a giant Sequoia! From...
What you can't see is right before your eyes!Mysteries of the Unseen World provides you with an incredible look at things that are normally too slow, too fast, too small or too vast for the human eye to see. The film's innovative use of high-speed and time-lapse photography, electron microscopy and...
Technology Takes OffExplore aerodynamics and flight technology in the Fleet's newest exhibition, On the Fly: Technology Takes Off. The exhibition features multiple daily performances by small-scale unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), complemented by interactive stations where...
The Instrument That Rocked the WorldStarting December 20th, the Fleet Science Center will ROCK you! The Reuben H. Fleet Science Center is cranking science up to 11 this winter with the West Coast premiere of GUITAR: The Instrument That Rocked the World! Experience the guitar through...
Get Your Hands On ScienceOur Main Gallery exhibition combines some of our all-time favorites with exciting interactive exhibits from San Francisco's Exploratorium. This collection features opportunities to explore mechanics, motion, math, hearing, electricity and many other...
Celebrate the Season at the FleetBalboa Park December Nights is the largest free community festival in San Diego. Come to Balboa Park and celebrate the holidays with lights, food, music and fun. The two-day extravaganza, Balboa Park's holiday gift to San Diego, features international...
A Live Concert Series Celebrating GUITARThe Fleet is ready to ROCK with our first-ever live concert series! Each show will feature: Two performances: an awesome opening act and a rockin' headliner Food for purchase from The French Gourmet Beer, wine and cocktails available at the no-...
An Early Morning Comet ISON CelebrationCOFFEE & COMETS is an early morning celebration for Comet ISON on Tuesday, November 26, at 5:30AM! This event has reached its registration capacity. SIGN UP FOR THE WAITLIST HERE Comet ISON has raised a lot of hope among skywatchers. The comet is...
The First Monday of Each MonthThe first Monday of every month, seniors 65 and better can enjoy the Science Center exhibits, a show in the Heikoff Giant Dome Theater and a lecture on the quietest day of the month for only $8! No coupons or additional discounts are accepted. The Fleet'...
The Science of ROCKOur next Science on the Rocks party is Thursday, January 23: The Science of ROCK! Our most recent party was on October 17. Look for pictures on our Science on the Rocks Facebook page soon. Didn't make it? Here's what you missed: Fall in love with...
Fleet volunteers and interns come from all different backgrounds, each with their own unique skills and expertise. What they have in common is their curiosity, love of learning, enthusiasm, and dedication to creating an excellent guest experience. In...
- Learn
- Adult Programs
- Family Programs
- Youth Programs
- School Programs
- Teacher Professional Development
- Nierman Challenger Learning Center
- Science Blog
- Support
- About Us
Hours & Admission
The Reuben H. Fleet Science Center is open 365 days a year! Come and explore our eight interactive exhibit galleries, enjoy our traveling exhibitions, discover Kid City (especially for kids five and under), and create and invent in the Tinkering Studio. Shop in the North Star Science Store or grab a bite to eat at Galileo's Café. Immerse yourself in spectacular imagery and surround sound in the only Giant Dome Theater in San Diego. Get your hands on science at the Fleet!
Regular Gallery Hours
Sunday | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday | |
Open | 10:00 AM | 10:00 AM | 10:00 AM | 10:00 AM | 10:00 AM | 10:00 AM | 10:00 AM |
Close | 6:00 PM | 5:00 PM | 5:00 PM | 5:00 PM | 5:00 PM | 6:00 PM | 6:00 PM |
General Admission
Adults (13 and up) |
Juniors (3-12)* | Seniors (65+) | |
Gallery Admission | $13.00 | $11.00 | $12.00 |
Gallery Admission + 1 Giant Dome Theater Show |
$17.00 | $14.00 | $15.00 |
Add an additional Giant Dome Theater show |
$7.00 | $7.00 | $7.00 |
Fleet Members
Become a member › |
Adults (13 and up) |
Juniors (3-12)* | Seniors (65+) |
Gallery Admission | FREE | FREE | FREE |
Gallery Admission + 1 Giant Dome Theater Show |
$13.00 | $10.00 | $11.00 |
Add an additional Giant Dome Theater show |
$6.00 | $6.00 | $6.00 |
*Kids under age 3 are free, but must sit in the lower left section of the theater.
Take a look at our December (pdf) calendar.
Save on admission! We offer special pricing for the military, seniors, teachers, San Diego residents and more. Check out our current discounts & special offers for details.
Group Events
Three spacious meeting rooms and a 300-seat Dome Theater make our facilities a magical setting for group events of all sizes. Learn more about hosting a private event for corporate meetings, school outings, weddings and other occasions.
The Reuben H. Fleet Science Center is seeking volunteers
The Science Center is seeking volunteers for its many programs. Volunteers gain new skills and experiences, meet interesting people from around the world, earn free admission to our galleries and theater shows, achieve personal and professional goals, and much more! Apply today!


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Department of Education Headlines
- Teacher provides South Dakota perspective on Smarter Balanced writing team
South Dakota teacher Meghan Wounded Head provided representation on one of the task writing teams for the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium.Click here to read more.
- Partnership to help struggling college-bound students catch up
- Common Core and school libraries: Come one come all!
- Winners of EPSCoR funds announced
- Planning a visit to Pierre? Consider the Cultural Heritage Center
- New, updated full-text reference books available online
- Check out grant opportunities to promote healthy students
- State Fair starting preparations early, asking for school submissions


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Most Cited Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics Articles
Functions of RANKL/RANK/OPG in bone modeling and remodeling
Volume 473, Issue 2, May 2008, Pages 139-146
Boyce, B.F. | Xing, L.
The discovery of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the mid 1990s for the regulation of bone resorption has led to major advances in our understanding of how bone modeling and remodeling are regulated. It had been known for many years before this discovery that osteoblastic stromal cells regulated osteoclast formation, but it had not been anticipated that they would do this through expression of members of the TNF superfamily: receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), or that these cytokines and signaling through receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) would have extensive functions beyond regulation of bone remodeling. RANKL/RANK signaling regulates osteoclast formation, activation and survival in normal bone modeling and remodeling and in a variety of pathologic conditions characterized by increased bone turnover. OPG protects bone from excessive resorption by binding to RANKL and preventing it from binding to RANK. Thus, the relative concentration of RANKL and OPG in bone is a major determinant of bone mass and strength. Here, we review our current understanding of the role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in bone modeling and remodeling. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Are polyphenols antioxidants or pro-oxidants? What do we learn from cell culture and in vivo studies?
Volume 476, Issue 2, August 2008, Pages 107-112
Halliwell, B.
Diets rich in polyphenols are epidemiologically associated with lower risk of developing some age-related diseases in humans. This apparent disease-protective effect of polyphenols is often attributed to their powerful antioxidant activities, as established in vitro. However, polyphenols can also exert pro-oxidant activities under certain experimental conditions. Neither pro-oxidant nor anti-oxidant activities have yet been clearly established to occur in vivo in humans, nor are they likely given the limited levels of polyphenols that are achievable in vivo after consumption of foods and beverages rich in them. Other actions of polyphenols may be more important in vivo. Many studies of the biological effects of polyphenols in cell culture have been affected by their ability to oxidise in culture media, and awareness of this problem can avoid erroneous claims. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Osteoclast-osteoblast communication
Volume 473, Issue 2, May 2008, Pages 201-209
Matsuo, K. | Irie, N.
Cells in osteoclast and osteoblast lineages communicate with each other through cell-cell contact, diffusible paracrine factors and cell-bone matrix interaction. Osteoclast-osteoblast communication occurs in a basic multicellular unit (BMU) at the initiation, transition and termination phases of bone remodeling. At the initiation phase, hematopoietic precursors are recruited to the BMU. These precursors express cell surface receptors including c-Fms, RANK and costimulatory molecules, such as osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), and differentiate into osteoclasts following cell-cell contact with osteoblasts, which express ligands. Subsequently, the transition from bone resorption to formation is mediated by osteoclast-derived 'coupling factors', which direct the differentiation and activation of osteoblasts in resorbed lacunae to refill it with new bone. Bidirectional signaling generated by interaction between ephrinB2 on osteoclasts and EphB4 on osteoblast precursors facilitates the transition. Such interaction is likely to occur between osteoclasts and lining cells in the bone remodeling compartment (BRC). At the termination phase, bone remodeling is completed by osteoblastic bone formation and mineralization of bone matrix. Here, we describe molecular communication between osteoclasts and osteoblasts at distinct phases of bone remodeling. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiple molecular targets of resveratrol: Anti-carcinogenic mechanisms
Volume 486, Issue 2, June 2009, Pages 95-102
Athar, M. | Back, J.H. | Kopelovich, L. | Bickers, D.R. | Kim, A.L.
Plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, such as the stilbene resveratrol (trans-3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene), have been identified as potent anti-cancer agents. Extensive in vitro studies revealed multiple intracellular targets of resveratrol, which affect cell growth, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and invasion and metastasis. These include tumor suppressors p53 and Rb; cell cycle regulators, cyclins, CDKs, p21WAF1, p27KIP and INK and the checkpoint kinases ATM/ATR; transcription factors NF-κB, AP-1, c-Jun, and c-Fos; angiogenic and metastatic factors, VEGF and matrix metalloprotease 2/9; cyclooxygenases for inflammation; and apoptotic and survival regulators, Bax, Bak, PUMA, Noxa, TRAIL, APAF, survivin, Akt, Bcl2 and Bcl-XL. In addition to its well-documented anti-oxidant properties, there is increasing evidence that resveratrol exhibits pro-oxidant activity under certain experimental conditions, causing oxidative DNA damage that may lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. This review summarizes in vitro mechanistic data available for resveratrol and discusses new potential anti-cancer targets and the anti-proliferative mechanisms of resveratrol. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.
Folding versus aggregation: Polypeptide conformations on competing pathways
Volume 469, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 100-117
Jahn, T.R. | Radford, S.E.
Protein aggregation has now become recognised as an important and generic aspect of protein energy landscapes. Since the discovery that numerous human diseases are caused by protein aggregation, the biophysical characterisation of misfolded states and their aggregation mechanisms has received increased attention. Utilising experimental techniques and computational approaches established for the analysis of protein folding reactions has ensured rapid advances in the study of pathways leading to amyloid fibrils and amyloid-related aggregates. Here we describe recent experimental and theoretical advances in the elucidation of the conformational properties of dynamic, heterogeneous and/or insoluble protein ensembles populated on complex, multidimensional protein energy landscapes. We discuss current understanding of aggregation mechanisms in this context and describe how the synergy between biochemical, biophysical and cell-biological experiments are beginning to provide detailed insights into the partitioning of non-native species between protein folding and aggregation pathways. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Transcription factors controlling osteoblastogenesis
Volume 473, Issue 2, May 2008, Pages 98-105
Marie, P.J.
The recent development of molecular biology and mouse genetics and the analysis of the skeletal phenotype induced by genetic mutations in humans led to a better understanding of the role of transcription factors that govern bone formation. This review summarizes the role of transcription factors in osteoblastogenesis and provides an integrated perspective on how the activities of multiple classes of factors are coordinated for the complex process of developing the osteoblast phenotype. The roles of Runx2, the principal transcriptional regulator of osteoblast differentiation, Osterix, β-Catenin and ATF which act downstream of Runx2, and other transcription factors that contribute to the control of osteoblastogenesis including the AP1, C/EBPs, PPARγ and homeodomain, helix-loop-helix proteins are discussed. This review also updates the regulation of transcription factor expression by signaling factors and hormones that control osteoblastogenesis. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Mono-O-methylated flavanols and other flavonoids as inhibitors of endothelial NADPH oxidase
Volume 469, Issue 2, January 2008, Pages 209-219
Steffen, Y. | Gruber, C. | Schewe, T. | Sies, H.
The dietary flavan-3-ol (-)-epicatechin improves the bioactivity of nitric oxide in arterial vessels in vivo. Moreover, it effectively protects cultured vascular endothelial cells from signs of oxidative stress and elevates intracellular nitric oxide in vitro. We addressed the effects of (-)-epicatechin, its metabolic conversion products and structurally related compounds on NADPH oxidase activity in intact human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in cell lysates. (-)-Epicatechin proved to be an O2 {radical dot}--scavenger but did not inhibit NADPH oxidase activity, whereas the converse pattern was observed for the metabolites 3′- and 4′-O-methyl epicatechin. The dimer procyanidin B2 and (-)-epicatechin glucuronide were O2 {radical dot}--scavengers and inhibited NADPH oxidase. Analysis of structure-activity relations with 45 compounds suggests an apocynin-like mode of NADPH oxidase inhibition. Notably, HUVEC converted (-)-epicatechin to NADPH oxidase-inhibitory methyl ethers. These data identify endothelial NADPH oxidase as candidate target of dietary flavonoids and particularly of their metabolites. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Regulation of SIRT1 in cellular functions: Role of polyphenols
Volume 501, Issue 1, September 2010, Pages 79-90
Chung, S. | Yao, H. | Caito, S. | Hwang, J.-W. | Arunachalam, G. | Rahman, I.
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is known to deacetylate histones and non-histone proteins including transcription factors thereby regulating metabolism, stress resistance, cellular survival, cellular senescence/aging, inflammation-immune function, endothelial functions, and circadian rhythms. Naturally occurring dietary polyphenols, such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and catechins, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties via modulating different pathways, such as NF-κB- and mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, these polyphenols have also been shown to activate SIRT1 directly or indirectly in a variety of models. Therefore, activation of SIRT1 by polyphenols is beneficial for regulation of calorie restriction, oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular senescence, autophagy/apoptosis, autoimmunity, metabolism, adipogenesis, circadian rhythm, skeletal muscle function, mitochondria biogenesis and endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we describe the regulation of SIRT1 by dietary polyphenols in various cellular functions in response to environmental and pro-inflammatory stimuli. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
The antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of green tea polyphenols: A role in cancer prevention
Volume 501, Issue 1, September 2010, Pages 65-72
Lambert, J.D. | Elias, R.J.
Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is rich in catechins, of which (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant. Studies in animal models of carcinogenesis have shown that green tea and EGCG can inhibit tumorigenesis during the initiation, promotion and progression stages. Many potential mechanisms have been proposed including both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, but questions remain regarding the relevance of these mechanisms to cancer prevention. In the present review, we will discuss the redox chemistry of the tea catechins and the current literature on the antioxidant and pro-oxidative effects of the green tea polyphenols as they relate to cancer prevention. We report that although the catechins are chemical antioxidants which can quench free radical species and chelate transition metals, there is evidence that some of the effects of these compounds may be related to induction of oxidative stress. Such pro-oxidant effects appear to be responsible for the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells. These pro-oxidant effects may also induce endogenous antioxidant systems in normal tissues that offer protection against carcinogenic insult. This review is meant point out understudied areas and stimulate research on the topic with the hope that insights into the mechanisms of cancer preventive activity of tea polyphenols will result. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
The plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase of animal cells: Structure, function and regulation
Volume 476, Issue 1, August 2008, Pages 65-74
Di Leva, F. | Domi, T. | Fedrizzi, L. | Lim, D. | Carafoli, E.
Most important processes in cell life are regulated by calcium (Ca2+). A number of mechanisms have thus been developed to maintain the concentration of free Ca2+ inside cells at the level (100-200 nM) necessary for the optimal operation of the targets of its regulatory function. The systems that move Ca2+ back and forth across membranes are important actors in its control. The plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA pump) which ejects Ca2+ from all eukaryotic cell types will be the topic of this contribution. The pump uses a molecule of ATP to transport one molecule of Ca2+ from the cytosol to the external environment. It is a P-type ATPase encoded by four genes (ATP2B1-4), the transcripts of which undergo different types of alternative splicing. Many pump variants thus exist. Their multiplicity is best explained by the specific Ca2+ demands in different cell types. In keeping with these demands, the isoforms are differently expressed in tissues and cell types and have differential Ca2+ extruding properties. At very low Ca2+ concentrations the PMCAs are nearly inactive. They must be activated by calmodulin, by acid phospholipids, by protein kinases, and by other means, e.g., a dimerization process. Other proteins interact with the PMCAs (i.e., MAGUK and NHERF at the PDZ domain and calcineurin A in the main intracellular domain) to sort them to specific regions of the cell membrane or to regulate their function. In some cases the interaction is isoform, or even splice variant specific. PMCAs knock out (KO) mice have been generated and have contributed information on the importance of PMCAs to cells and organisms. So far, only one human genetic disease, hearing loss, has been traced back to a PMCA defect. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Function, structure and regulation of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPases
Volume 476, Issue 1, August 2008, Pages 33-42
Jefferies, K.C. | Cipriano, D.J. | Forgac, M.
The vacuolar ATPases (or V-ATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps that function to both acidify intracellular compartments and to transport protons across the plasma membrane. Intracellular V-ATPases function in such normal cellular processes as receptor-mediated endocytosis, intracellular membrane traffic, prohormone processing, protein degradation and neurotransmitter uptake, as well as in disease processes, including infection by influenza and other viruses and killing of cells by anthrax and diphtheria toxin. Plasma membrane V-ATPases are important in such physiological processes as urinary acidification, bone resorption and sperm maturation as well as in human diseases, including osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis and tumor metastasis. V-ATPases are large multi-subunit complexes composed of a peripheral domain (V1) responsible for hydrolysis of ATP and an integral domain (V0) that carries out proton transport. Proton transport is coupled to ATP hydrolysis by a rotary mechanism. V-ATPase activity is regulated in vivo using a number of mechanisms, including reversible dissociation of the V1 and V0 domains, changes in coupling efficiency of proton transport and ATP hydrolysis and changes in pump density through reversible fusion of V-ATPase containing vesicles. V-ATPases are emerging as potential drug targets in treating a number of human diseases including osteoporosis and cancer. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The chemistry of cell signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and 4-hydroxynonenal
Volume 477, Issue 2, September 2008, Pages 183-195
Forman, H.J. | Fukuto, J.M. | Miller, T. | Zhang, H. | Rinna, A. | Levy, S.
During the past several years, major advances have been made in understanding how reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) participate in signal transduction. Identification of the specific targets and the chemical reactions involved still remains to be resolved with many of the signaling pathways in which the involvement of reactive species has been determined. Our understanding is that ROS and RNS have second messenger roles. While cysteine residues in the thiolate (ionized) form found in several classes of signaling proteins can be specific targets for reaction with H 2O 2 and RNS, better understanding of the chemistry, particularly kinetics, suggests that for many signaling events in which ROS and RNS participate, enzymatic catalysis is more likely to be involved than non-enzymatic reaction. Due to increased interest in how oxidation products, particularly lipid peroxidation products, also are involved with signaling, a review of signaling by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is included. This article focuses on the chemistry of signaling by ROS, RNS, and HNE and will describe reactions with selected target proteins as representatives of the mechanisms rather attempt to comprehensively review the many signaling pathways in which the reactive species are involved. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
How do dietary flavanols improve vascular function? A position paper
Volume 476, Issue 2, August 2008, Pages 102-106
Schewe, T. | Steffen, Y. | Sies, H.
Epidemiological and clinical studies revealed that high-flavanol diet or isolated (-)-epicatechin improves the function of the vascular endothelium, as assessed by flow-mediated dilation, through elevation of bioavailability and bioactivity of NO•. We have demonstrated that exposure of human endothelial cells to (-)-epicatechin elevates the cellular levels of NO• and cyclic GMP and protects against oxidative stress elicited by proinflammatory agonists. (-)-Epicatechin acts like a prodrug, since these effects involve O-methylation of the flavanol and are attributed to apocynin-like inhibition of endothelial NADPH oxidase. Thus, generation of superoxide and peroxynitrite is diminished and, consequently, the cellular NO• level is preserved or augmented. We propose therefore that endothelial NO• metabolism rather than general antioxidant activity is a major target of dietary flavanols and that NADPH oxidase activity is a crucial site of action. Moreover, flavonoid glucuronides appear to serve as plasma transport metabolites to target cells rather than solely as excretion products. Implications for the interpretation of the role of dietary polyphenols for cardiovascular health are discussed. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate induces Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression via activation of PI3K and ERK in human mammary epithelial cells
Volume 476, Issue 2, August 2008, Pages 171-177
Na, H.-K. | Kim, E.-H. | Jung, J.-H. | Lee, H.-H. | Hyun, J.-W. | Surh, Y.-J.
The chemopreventive and chemoprotective activities of green tea have been attributed to the polyphenolic ingredient (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Here, we report that treatment of human breast epithelial (MCF10A) cells with EGCG induces the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) has been reported to regulate the antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated expression of many antioxidant as well as detoxifying enzymes. The nuclear accumulation, ARE binding and transcriptional activity of Nrf2 were increased by EGCG treatment. Silencing of Nrf2 by siRNA gene knockdown rendered the MCF10A cells less sensitive to the EGCG-induced expression of HO-1 and MnSOD. Furthermore, EGCG activated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (ERK1/2). The pharmacologic inhibition of these kinases abrogated the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by EGCG. These findings suggest that Nrf2 mediates EGCG-induced expression of some representative antioxidant enzymes, possibly via Akt and ERK1/2 signaling, which may provide the cells with acquired antioxidant defense capacity to survive the oxidative stress. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), a multifunctional antioxidant enzyme and exceptionally versatile cytoprotector
Volume 501, Issue 1, September 2010, Pages 116-123
Dinkova-Kostova, A.T. | Talalay, P.
NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a widely-distributed FAD-dependent flavoprotein that promotes obligatory 2-electron reductions of quinones, quinoneimines, nitroaromatics, and azo dyes, at rates that are comparable with NADH or NADPH. These reductions depress quinone levels and thereby minimize opportunities for generation of reactive oxygen intermediates by redox cycling, and for depletion of intracellular thiol pools. NQO1 is a highly-inducible enzyme that is regulated by the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Evidence for the importance of the antioxidant functions of NQO1 in combating oxidative stress is provided by demonstrations that induction of NQO1 levels or their depletion (knockout, or knockdown) are associated with decreased and increased susceptibilities to oxidative stress, respectively. Furthermore, benzene genotoxicity is markedly enhanced when NQO1 activity is compromised. Not surprisingly, human polymorphisms that suppress NQO1 activities are associated with increased predisposition to disease. Recent studies have uncovered protective roles for NQO1 that apparently are unrelated to its enzymatic activities. NQO1 binds to and thereby stabilizes the important tumor suppressor p53 against proteasomal degradation. Indeed, NQO1 appears to regulate the degradative fate of other proteins. These findings suggest that NQO1 may exercise a selective " gatekeeping" role in regulating the proteasomal degradation of specific proteins, thereby broadening the cytoprotective role of NQO1 far beyond its highly effective antioxidant functions. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
Structural aspects of ion pumping by Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Volume 476, Issue 1, August 2008, Pages 3-11
Toyoshima, C.
Ca2+-ATPase of muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum is an ATP-powered Ca2+-pump that establishes a >10,000-fold concentration gradient across the membrane. Its crystal structures have been determined for nine different states that cover nearly the entire reaction cycle. Presented here is a brief structural account of the ion pumping process, which is achieved by a series of very large domain rearrangements. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis in bacteria: Mechanisms of cluster assembly and transfer
Volume 474, Issue 2, June 2008, Pages 226-237
Fontecave, M. | Ollagnier-de-Choudens, S.
Iron-sulfur [Fe-S] clusters are ubiquitous ancient prosthetic groups that are required to sustain fundamental life processes. Formation of intracellular [Fe-S] clusters does not occur spontaneously but requires a complex biosynthetic machinery. Different types of [Fe-S] cluster assembly systems have been discovered. All of them have in common the requirement of a cysteine desulfurase and the participation of [Fe-S] scaffold proteins. The purpose of this review is to discuss various aspects of the molecular mechanisms of [Fe-S] cluster assembly in living organisms: (i) mechanism of sulfur donor enzymes, namely the cysteine desulfurases; (ii) mechanism by which clusters are preassembled on scaffold proteins and (iii) mechanism of [Fe-S] cluster transfer from scaffold to target proteins. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Calcium- and salt-stress signaling in plants: Shedding light on SOS pathway
Volume 471, Issue 2, March 2008, Pages 146-158
Mahajan, S. | Pandey, G.K. | Tuteja, N.
As salt stress imposes a major environmental threat to agriculture, understanding the basic physiology and genetics of cell under salt stress is crucial for developing any transgenic strategy. Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) genes (SOS1-SOS3) were isolated through positional cloning. Since sos mutants are hypersensitive to salt, their characterization resulted in the discovery of a novel pathway, which has helped in our understanding the mechanism of salt-stress tolerance in plants. Genetic analysis confirmed that SOS1-SOS3 function in a common pathway of salt tolerance. This pathway also emphasizes the significance of Ca 2+ signal in reinstating cellular ion homeostasis. SOS3, a Ca 2+ sensor, transduces the signal downstream after activating and interacting with SOS2 protein kinase. This SOS3-SOS2 complex activates the Na +/H + antiporter activity of SOS1 thereby reestablish cellular ion homeostasis. Recently, SOS4 and SOS5 have also been characterized. SOS4 encodes a pyridoxal (PL) kinase that is involved in the biosynthesis of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), an active form of vitamin B6. SOS5 has been shown to be a putative cell surface adhesion protein that is required for normal cell expansion. Under salt stress, the normal growth and expansion of a plant cell becomes even more important and SOS5 helps in the maintenance of cell wall integrity and architecture. In this review we focus on the recent advances in salt stress and SOS signaling pathway. A broad coverage of the discovery of SOS mutants, structural aspect of these genes and the latest developments in the field of SOS1-SOS5 has been described. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Osteoclast lineage and function
Volume 473, Issue 2, May 2008, Pages 132-138
Väänänen, H.K. | Laitala-Leinonen, T.
Osteoclasts are members of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and are formed by cellular fusions from their mononuclear precursors. Their differentiation is regulated by a number of other cells and their products, especially by RANKL and M-CSF. The resorbing osteoclasts are polarized and show specific plasma membrane domains. Polarization and bone resorption need a continuous membrane trafficking and modulation of the cytoskeleton. The most characteristic feature of osteoclasts is their unique capacity to dissolve crystalline hydroxyapatite by targeted secretion of HCl into the extracellular resorption lacuna. Organic matrix is degraded by enzymes like cathepsin K and the degradation products are transcytosed through the cell for secretion. Dissolution of hydroxyapatite releases large amounts of soluble calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate. Removal of these ions apparently involves the vesicular pathways and direct ion transport via different ion exchangers, channels and pumps. Detailed molecular knowledge of osteoclast differentiation and function has helped us to identify several target molecules and develop specific treatments to inhibit pathological bone resorption in various skeletal diseases. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The biochemistry of heme biosynthesis
Volume 474, Issue 2, June 2008, Pages 238-251
Heinemann, I.U. | Jahn, M. | Jahn, D.
Heme is an integral part of proteins involved in multiple electron transport chains for energy recovery found in almost all forms of life. Moreover, heme is a cofactor of enzymes including catalases, peroxidases, cytochromes of the P450 class and part of sensor molecules. Here the step-by-step biosynthesis of heme including involved enzymes, their mechanisms and detrimental health consequences caused by their failure are described. Unusual and challenging biochemistry including tRNA-dependent reactions, radical SAM enzymes and substrate derived cofactors are reported. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cell-cell communication in the osteoblast/osteocyte lineage
Volume 473, Issue 2, May 2008, Pages 188-192
Civitelli, R.
Skeletal development (bone modeling) and its maintenance in post-natal life in response to local and systemic stimuli (bone remodeling) require coordinated activity among osteoblasts (bone forming cells), osteocytes (cells embedded in bone) and osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells), in order to meet the needs of structural integrity, mechanical competence and maintenance of mineral homeostasis. One mechanism of cell-cell interaction is via direct cell-cell communication via gap junctions. These are transmembrane channels that allow continuity of cytoplasms between communicating cells. The biologic importance of connexin43 (Cx43), the most abundant gap junction protein in the skeleton is demonstrated by the skeletal malformations present in oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD), a disease linked to Cx43 gene (GJA1) mutations, and by the low bone mass and osteoblast dysfunction in Gja1 ablated mice. The presence of Cx43 is required for osteoblast differentiation and function, and by forming either gap junctions or "hemichannels" Cx43 allows participation of cell networks to responses to extracellular stimuli, via propagation of specific signals converging upon connexin sensitive transcriptional units. Hence, Cx43 is involved in skeletal responsiveness to anabolic signals, as those provided by parathyroid hormone and physical load, the latter function probably involving osteocyte-osteoblast communication. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Protein tyrosine nitration-An update
Volume 484, Issue 2, April 2009, Pages 117-121
Ischiropoulos, H.
Tyrosine nitration is a covalent post-translational protein modification derived from the reaction of proteins with nitrating agents. Tyrosine nitration has been used as a marker of oxidant burden in human diseases. However, it remains unclear whether protein nitration is responsible for alterations in protein function that imparts an increased risk for disease development or unfavorable outcomes. Emerging data implicate tyrosine nitration as a mediator of immune responses suggesting a novel biological function for this protein modification. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The methionine sulfoxide reductases: Catalysis and substrate specificities
Volume 474, Issue 2, June 2008, Pages 266-273
Boschi-Muller, S. | Gand, A. | Branlant, G.
Oxidation of Met residues in proteins leads to the formation of methionine sulfoxides (MetSO). Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) are ubiquitous enzymes, which catalyze the reduction of the sulfoxide function of the oxidized methionine residues. In vivo, the role of Msrs is described as essential in protecting cells against oxidative damages and to play a role in infection of cells by pathogenic bacteria. There exist two structurally-unrelated classes of Msrs, called MsrA and MsrB, with opposite stereoselectivity towards the S and R isomers of the sulfoxide function, respectively. Both Msrs present a similar three-step catalytic mechanism. The first step, called the reductase step, leads to the formation of a sulfenic acid on the catalytic Cys with the concomitant release of Met. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to characterize structural and molecular factors involved in the catalysis, in particular of the reductase step, and in structural specificities. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fat and bone
Volume 503, Issue 1, November 2010, Pages 20-27
Reid, I.R.
Body weight is a principal determinant of bone density and fracture risk, and adipose tissue mass is a major contributor to this relationship. In contrast, some recent studies have argued that " fat mass after adjustment for body weight" actually has a deleterious effect on bone, but these analyses are confounded by the co-linearity between the variables studied, and therefore have produced misleading results. Mechanistically, fat and bone are linked by a multitude of pathways, which ultimately serve the function of providing a skeleton appropriate to the mass of adipose tissue it is carrying. Adiponectin, insulin/amylin/preptin, leptin and adipocytic estrogens are all likely to be involved in this connection. In the clinic, the key issues are that obesity is protective against osteoporosis, but underweight is a major preventable risk factor for fractures. © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
Regulation of bone remodeling by the central and peripheral nervous system
Volume 473, Issue 2, May 2008, Pages 231-236
Elefteriou, F.
The homeostatic nature of bone remodeling has become a notion further supported lately by the demonstration that neuropeptides and their receptors regulate osteoblast and osteoclast function in vivo. Following initial studies reporting the presence of nerves and nerve-derived products within the bone microenvironment and the expression of receptors for these neuropeptides in bone cells, new experimental and mechanistic evidence based on in vivo murine genetic and pharmacologic models recently demonstrated that inputs from the central and peripheral nervous system feed into the already complex regulatory machinery controlling bone remodeling. The function of a number of "osteo-neuromediators" has been characterized, including norepinephrine and the beta2-adrenergic receptor, Neuropeptide Y and the Y1 and Y2 receptors, endocannabinoids and the CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as dopamine, serotonin and their receptors and transporters, Calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuronal NOS. This new body of evidence suggests that neurons in the central nervous system integrate clues from the internal and external milieux, such as energy homeostasis, glycemia or reproductive signals, with the regulation of bone remodeling. The next major tasks in this new area of bone biology will be to understand, at the molecular level, the mechanisms by which common central neural systems regulate and integrate these major physiological functions, the relative importance of the central and peripheral actions of neuropeptides present in both compartments and their relationship, and how bone cells signal back to central centers, because the definition of a homeostatic function implies the existence of feedback signals. Together, these findings shed a new light on the complexity of the mechanisms regulating bone remodeling and uncovered new potential therapeutic strategies for the design of bone anabolic treatments. This review summarizes the latest advances in this area, focusing on investigations based on in vivo animal studies.


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When Sara didn't put her boots away properly, a squirmy surprise greeted her next time she put them on. Philip learns that God can see in the dark. Jesse practices the Bible way for dealing with unkind remarks and finds that it works. Ernest learns to appreciate medicine, and Jason to accept help. This collection of short stories will delight your young listeners.
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Product Details: Item: 263830 ISBN: 0739903446 Pages: 164 Binding: Paperback Publisher: Rod & Staff
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