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International Law
versão impressa ISSN 1692-8156
Int. Law: Rev. Colomb. Derecho Int. n.12 Bogotá jan./jun. 2008
* Attorney at Law, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá (Colombia), and Universidad del País Vasco (Spain). Consultant of the International Area of the Presidential Program for Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law. The views expressed in this paper as well as any errors contained herein are exclusively the responsibility of the author. Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
Fecha de recepción: 10 de agosto de 2008. Fecha de aceptación: 1 de octubre de 2008.Abstract
The following article looks into the newly created Universal Periodic Review, a mechanism for the evaluation of the human rights situation of all United Nations State members, briefly explaining the origin of the Universal Periodic Review, as well as the objectives it pursues, the principles that guide the process and the different stages of carrying out the review itself. The article also refers to the experiences of three countries that were reviewed under during, namely, Brazil, South Africa and Poland, in order to illustrate how the Universal Periodic Review operates in practice, thereby attempting to give the reader a basic understanding of why this new mechanism was created, how it is structured, its innovations and intention to correct both problems and flaws of the past and the transition of the review from paper to practice.
Key words: United Nations Human Rights Council; United Nations Commission on Human Rights; Universal Periodic Review (UPR).
El presente artículo aborda el nuevo mecanismo de evaluación de la situación de derechos humanos en los Estados miembros de las Naciones Unidas, el Examen Periódico Universal. Se hace una breve explicación de su origen histórico, así como una descripción de los objetivos que persigue, los principios que guían su implementación, y las diferentes etapas de desarrollo del proceso de evaluación. También se hace referencia a las experiencias de tres países (Brasil, Sudáfrica y Polonia) para la ilustrar la puesta en práctica del mecanismo, intentando así darle al lector un entendimiento básico del porqué se creó este mecanismo, cómo está estructurado, sus innovaciones e intenciones de subsanar dificultades y problemas del pasado, y la transición del examen del papel a la puesta en práctica.
Palabras clave: Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas; Comisión de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas; Examen Periódico Universal (EPU).
Summary: I. Introduction.- II. From the United Nations Commission on Human Rights to the United Nations Human Rights Council.- III. The Universal Periodic Review.- A. Principles and Objectives.- B. Basis of Review and Guidelines.- C. The Review.- D. Outcome of the Review.- E. Follow-up.- IV. First Session Experiences.- A. Brazil.- B. South Africa.- C. Poland.- D. Lessons Learned and Issues of Main Concern.- V. Concluding Remarks.- Bibliography.
I. Introduction
The United Nations Commission on Human Rights was a highly criticized human rights organ that with time, gradually lost credibility and legitimacy, by becoming what many considered a highly politicized forum. Increased pressure for United Nations member States reached a breaking point, and in the year 2006 the Commission was replaced by a new General Assembly organ named the Human Rights Council. Under the mandate given by the General Assembly to the Human Rights Council, a new mechanism for the evaluation of the human rights situation in UN member States was to be created. This new mechanism, the Universal Periodic Review, is the outcome of an ongoing debate within the UN, and accordingly is it has evolved; structured in an innovative way, evaluating every four years all UN member States, seen as an opportunity for cooperation among different countries, and giving way to the participation of different relevant stakeholders such as NGOs and civil society. These are a few of the new particular characteristics of this mechanism, which make it seem as a ground-breaking process within the Universal System for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights.
II . From the United Nations Commission on Human Rights to the United Nations Human Rights Council
The Commission on Human Rights (hereinafter, the Commission) was established during the first ECOSOC meeting that took place on December 10 of 1946, thereby becoming the first and exclusive political body within the UN System dedicated solely to human rights. Hierarchically subordinated to ECOSOC, the Commission consisted of diplomatic representatives of 53 member states elected by ECOSOC for a three year term. Initially, the main objective of the Commission was to promote human rights, through the drafting of conventions and declarations, unable to take action over petitions, as ECOSOC had clearly stated out that the Commission had "no powerto take any action in regard to any complaints concerning human rights"1. Subsequently, the Commission's mandate was broadened, through ECOSOC Resolution 1235 (XLII) OF 1967, allowing for the public discussion of human rights issues, through the appointment of special rapporteurs who would carry out a thorough study of the human rights situation of a specific country and submit a report to the Commission, which would ultimately decide on the actions to be taken. Due to the fact that the Commission would only appoint a special rapporteur on cases in which countries had a clear pattern of gross human rights violations, States were heavily opposed to being subject to such examination, making of this an increasingly politicized mechanism. In an attempt to avoid political pressures, the Commission established thematic rapporteurs who would report on issues regarding their particular mandate. In 1970 ECOSOC adopted Resolution 1503(XLVIII) which allowed the Commission to review individual communications.
Despite the efforts made to modify the Commission's work and mandate, it continued to be a highly criticized organ, and with time it lost legitimacy and credibility. This was the result, of what was considered by many as the use of selectivity criteria and double standards, as well as the lack of compliance by member States with both the recommendations given by mandate holders as well as with treaty obligations. The composition of the Commission was also an issue of debate, because many of its members had critical situations of human rights violations. This condemnation reached its peak point in 2004 with the election of Sudan as one of its 53 members.
Responding to this problematic context, the 15th of March of 2006 2, the United Nations General Assembly created the Human Rights Council (hereinafter, the Council) to replace the Commission of Human Rights. This new Council was given a higher status. It is no longer an organ of ECOSOC, but rather, directly related to the General Assembly as its subsidiary organ.
The Council consists of 47 members, elected by the majority of the members of the General Assembly, by secret ballot, based on equitable geographical distribution, without the possibility of reelection after two consecutive terms. In order to correct errors of the past, an additional requirement was established, namely that for a country to be elected as a member of the Council, it should uphold the highest standards in the promotion and protection of human rights. In accordance with this new requirement, there is also the possibility for suspension to any member that commits gross and systematic human rights violations.
The General Assembly decided that the Council would "assume, review and, where necessary, improve and rationalize all mandates, mechanisms, functions and responsibilities of the Commission" this includes the special procedures that where established by the former Commission to address specific country situations or thematic issues. This is a transitional arrangement and the Council shall determine which of the Commission's mandates, responsibilities and functions will remained unaltered, which will be changed and which will disappear.
In the same resolution where the General Assembly created the Council, it was established that the Council would:
"Undertake a universal periodic review, based on objective and reliable information, of the fulfillment by each State of its human rights obligations and commitments in a manner which ensures universality of coverage and equal treatment with respect to all States; the review shall be a cooperative mechanism, based on an interactive dialogue, with the full involvement of the country concerned and with consideration given to its capacity-building needs; such a mechanism shall complement and not duplicate the work of treaty bodies".
This new mechanism, the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), is the main topic which will be studied and analyzed throughout this article.
III . Universal Periodic Review
The UPR was established as a mechanism that would allow the Council to look into the human rights situation of all countries. Each state will be reviewed in the fulfillment of their human rights obligations and commitments independently of their treaties obligations3.
A. Principles and Objectives
The Council outlined a number of principles the UPR should follow, the first being the promotion of the universality, interdependence, indivisibility and interrelatedness of all human rights. It also considered the UPR to be a cooperative mechanism based on objective and reliable information and on interactive dialogue, and as an intergovernmental process. The UPR is United Nations Member-driven and action-oriented, allowing the participation of all relevant stakeholders, including non-governmental organizations and national human rights institutions, and conducted in an objective, transparent, non-selective, constructive, non-confrontational and non-politicized manner4.
The objectives pursued by the UPR are: the improvement of the human rights situation on the ground; the fulfillment of the State's human rights obligations and commitments, and assessment of positive developments and challenges faced by the State; the enhancement of the State's capacity and of technical assistance; the sharing of best practice among States and other stakeholders; support for cooperation in the promotion and protection of human rights; and the encouragement of full cooperation and engagement with the Council, other human rights bodies and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights5.
B. Basis of Review and Guidelines
After much debate on what the basis of the review would be, and whether it would include international humanitarian law, a commonly shared compromise was established. It was decided that the basis of review would be: The Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Human rights instruments to which a State is party, voluntary pledges and commitments made by States, including those undertaken when presenting their candidatures for election to the Human Rights Council. Although international humanitarian law was not clearly stated out as a basis of review, the Council recognized its complimentary nature to international human rights law, and in that sense it determined that international humanitarian law would be taken into account.
Having established the principles, objectives and basis of review of the UPR, the process itself must be addressed in order to have a better idea of how it is carried out and to evaluate the success or failure in the outcome.
As the General Assembly stated out in the resolution that created the Council and the UPR, this mechanism should not interfere with other human rights mechanisms or treaty bodies nor should it duplicate them. This meant that the Council had to establish clear differences between the UPR and the mechanisms of evaluation of other UN treaty bodies.
This was accomplished by establishing that the documents on which the review would be based, where not going to be exclusively the ones submitted by the State, but it would also take into account a compilation prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights of the information contained in the reports of treaty bodies, special procedures, including observations and comments by the State concerned, and other relevant official United Nations documents; as well, it would include reliable information provided by other relevant stakeholders, which would also be summarized by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights6. The participation of relevant stakeholders is undoubtedly an innovation, especially due to the fact that throughout the debate on the framework of the UPR, within the Council, there were very opposite points of view regarding this particular aspect7. Likewise, in the information prepared by the State which can take the form of a national report (written or oral), the Council encouraged the States to prepare the information through a broad nationwide consultation process with all relevant stakeholders. Here once again the NGOs and civil society play an important role.
Due to the fact that Council has to review a large number of states each year8, and in order to guarantee fair treatment, certain requirements where established, such as : the State's written report shall not exceed 20 pages, the compilation prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights will include the information contained in the reports of treaty bodies, special procedures, and other relevant official United Nations documents; and the summary of the information of relevant stake holders shall not exceed 10 pages.
The Council also outlined a series of general guidelines for the states to prepare the information for the UPR. The guidelines include the following: (i) description of the methodology and the broad consultation process followed in preparing the information provided under the universal periodic review; (ii) background of the country under review and framework (normative and institutional framework) for the promotion and protection of human rights9; (iii) promotion and protection of human rights on the ground10;(iv) identification of achievements, best practices, challenges and constraints; (v) key national priorities, initiatives and commitments that the State concerned intends to undertake in order to overcome those challenges and constraints and to improve human rights situations on the ground; (vi) expectations of the State concerned in terms of capacity-building and requests, if any, for technical assistance; and (vii) follow-up of the previous review11.
These guidelines clearly differentiate the UPR from treaty body periodic reports, because if carried out accordingly, the outcome is an evaluative report that does an in-depth analysis of the country's human rights situations, both the good and the bad, giving way to compromises for the future and cooperation assistance from other countries. This differs from periodic reports to treaty bodies that generally only include legislation, policy measures, national jurisprudence, human rights infrastructure and the implementation of international human rights obligations of that given treaty.
C. The Review
The review is carried out under the leadership of a working group, which consists of the 47 member States of the Council and chaired by the President of the Council. The State under review chooses the composition of its delegation. Relevant stakeholders may attend the review in the Working Group, however, they may not actively intervene or participate in the discussions, playing the role of spectators. In order to facilitate the review, a group of three rapporteurs, known as the Troika, is selected by drawing lots of members of the Council and from different Regional Groups12. Each State under review will have a different Troika13.
The review consists of three stages, based on an interactive and participative dialogue, facilitated by the troika, and whereby those participating in the review have the opportunity to address different issues. The first part of the review is the State's presentation of the national report, and during this stage the State also addresses questions and issues that have been previously submitted in writing to the Working Group by other States. The second stage is the interactive dialogue, in which States intervene to ask questions and make recommendations as well as offer technical assistance to the State under review. Finally, the State under review will state its concluding remarks, in which observations on other States recommendations may be addressed, although the State may choose to make these observations in writing, subsequently, in the time between the working group session and the plenary of the Human Rights Council14.
The duration of the review will be three hours for each country in the working group, additional time of up to one hour will be allocated for the consideration of the outcome by the plenary of the Council, and there will be a half hour period for the adoption of the report of each country under review in the working group.
D. Outcome of the Review
The outcome of the review will be presented in the form of a report which will summarize the proceedings of the review process, as well as conclusions, recommendations, and voluntary commitments of the State concerned. Given that the UPR has been conceived as a cooperative mechanism, in developing and carrying out the UPR process, States should share best practices, provide technical assistance among each other and enhance cooperation for the promotion and protection of human rights. All these elements should be reflected in the report prepared and given by the troika. In this report the recommendations and conclusions will refer exclusively to what was discussed and addressed in the interactive dialogue and if the State under review expressed its opinion on the recommendations, the report will clearly state out which of these were accepted and which were rejected.
The report is adopted by a resolution of the Human Rights Council, during a plenary session. During this plenary session, the State can respond questions and issues that were not sufficiently addressed during the interactive dialogue, as well as discuss the recommendations proposed during the interactive dialogue. Recommendations that enjoy the support of the State under review will be identified as such, and other recommendations and the comments of the State will be noted and included in the outcome report adopted by the Council. Unlike the working group session, during the plenary session relevant stakeholders may participate and make general comments.
E. Follow-up
As established by the Council, the UPR will evaluate the human rights situation of a country with a periodicity of four years in between reviews. Each State that has undergone the review process has the duty to implement the recommendations outlined in the final outcome report. With the consent of the State concerned, the international community will assist in implementing the recommendations and conclusions regarding capacity-building and technical assistance. The implementation and fulfillment of those recommendations will be the basis on which the subsequent review will be carried out. If a State does not cooperate with the UPR mechanism, the Council will address cases of persistent noncooperation with the mechanism, as appropriate.
IV. First Session Experiences
The first session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council was held in Geneva from April 7 to 18, 2008. During this first session, the human rights situation of 16 States was evaluated through the UPR mechanism. The first group of States included: Bahrain, Ecuador, Tunisia, Morocco, Indonesia, Finland, the United Kingdom, India, Brazil, the Philippines, Algeria, Poland, the Netherlands, South Africa, the Czech Republic and Argentina. Many lessons were learned after this first session and the Council adjusted certain requirements for the development of future sessions. This article will look into the UPR of three States included in this 1st session: South Africa, Brazil and Poland.
A. Brazil15
Brazil's Troika members for the UPR were: Saudi Arabia, Gabon and Switzerland. After the first session was completed, Brazil's UPR was considered one of the most successful and fruitful. On the one hand, the working group acknowledged the broad participation of the civil society and all relevant stakeholders on the consultation process for preparing the information for the national report, and on the other hand, Brazil's report presented both a sociological and historical analysis of the context of many of the problems it faces in the promotion and protection of human rights, as well as an outline of the cultural aspects of the difficulties and flaws that the country faces. Brazil acknowledged its responsibility over cases of arbitrary executions, abuse of power, excessive use of force, torture, etc. It also emphasized on the persistence of discrimination. Brazil assessed all fifteen of the recommendations brought forward during the interactive dialogue, and accepted all of them. It also voluntarily assumed the commitment to create tools to enable internal monitoring of human rights situations, and it will prepare annual reports in accordance with this commitment.
B. South Africa16
South Africa's Troika members for the UPR were: Zambia, Guatemala and Qatar. South Africa submitted a written national report for the UPR, but due to the fact that it exceeded the limit of pages allowed it was not accepted by the Council as basis of review. Accordingly South Africa's Review relied on the oral presentation made by the State in the working group session. Within the interactive dialogue held in the working group session, 22 recommendations were brought forward and included in the report of the working group. South Africa decided it would respond to these recommendations in the outcome report adopted by the Human Rights Council at its eighth session. South Africa's voluntary commitments were outlined in an annex to the country's oral presentation. During the interactive dialogue many delegations praised South Africa for both the quality of their presentation and their national report, as well as acknowledging the achievements of the country regarding human rights issues. HIV/AIDS-related difficulties as well as discrimination against women where two of the issues mainly discussed, and many of the recommendations were related to these two specific issues.
C. Poland17
Poland's Troika members for the UPR were: Brazil, Japan and Angola. Poland's UPR is brought to the attention to illustrate how European Union member countries were particularly harsh on fellow member countries, particularly those that recently have become part of the EU. After the interactive dialogue, 29 recommendations were brought up. Poland decided, just as South Africa did, to respond to these recommendations on the plenary session of the Council where the final outcome would be adopted. This was a common decision among European Union member countries under the UPR. Many of the recommendations were very specific and concrete, unlike recommendations given to other countries under review which were of a more broad and general nature. Likewise, other recommendations were direct references to the recommendation of the Council of Europe organ bodies.
D. Lessons Learned and Issues of Main Concern
The first session was a learning experience for both the States under review, as well as for the Council itself. From practical aspects and simple rules of form for the presentation of the reports, the UPR went through some adjustments and some issues were defined along the way.
One of the main discussions that were an issue of debate was the nature of the recommendations given in the different sessions of the working group. After much discussion a decision was adopted, where it was stated that each recommendation would clearly identify the country that was making it, this way the recommendation was a country's particular opinion and not the opinion working group as a whole. To avoid any confusion, the following paragraph was included in every working group report: "All conclusions and/or recommendations contained in this report reflect the position of the submitting State(s) and /or the State under review thereon. They should not be construed as endorsed by the Working Group as a whole".
Other issues commonly addressed during this first session include: enforced disappearance, arbitrary executions, torture, strengthening of the justice system and fight against impunity, respect to human rights within counteractive measures against terrorism (abuses and violations of human rights while implementing measures to fight terrorism and terrorist groups), gender issues, child rights, sexual and racial discrimination, migrants, and freedom of speech and of opinion. After the conclusion of this first session, it also became evident that each country had to emphasize on certain issues of specific concern, and that in a 20 page report or a 60 minute intervention, it was impossible to address all of the human rights issues.
The lessons learned from this first session served as input for the subsequent sessions. The Council through its Secretariat made adjustments to the rules of procedure for carrying out the session, the rules of form concerning written reports and consolidated the UPR process according to its development in practice.
Concluding Remarks
The UN General Assembly assumed the challenge of replacing the Commission and establishing the Council, as it has been correctly expressed by former Council President Luis Alfonso de Alba: "The creation of the Human Rights Council has been a difficult and risky attempt to deal in an improved way with human rights issues within the United Nations". Only time will tell how effective the Council has been in correcting errors of the past, remedying Commission flaws, and de-politicizing the human rights discourse within the UN. The UPR is certainly an innovative attempt to achieve the goals that have been established, however, its success and effectiveness will only be possible if the States consciously participate in the process following the given guidelines, working groups follow the procedure objectively, and different stakeholders participate in carrying out the review process. The first experience has proven to be partially successful. The States reviewed were willing to make some commitments and both technical assistance and cooperation was offered by some countries. Nevertheless, historical political discussions were unavoidable during the session and this influenced the number and nature of the recommendations made to each particular State under review. The UPR should not be fully judged by this first stage, nor should it be dismissed due to its political nature. Every mechanism that takes place within the UN forum will have a political content and this is both the asset and drawback of the UN. After a four year period, it will be possible to draw a better picture of the UPR, when the first States that have undergone the review go through the UPR process once again and provide an account on their follow up of the recommendations. Only then will it be possible to judge the success or failure of the mechanism. Hopefully, all participants on the UPR process give it a chance, and play an active role in both its development and success.
Page notes
1ECOSOC Res. 75(V) 1947.2GA Res. 60/251.
3Eric Tistounet, Facts and Figures in The First 365 Days of the United Nations Human Rights Council, 56-67 (Human Rights Council, Geneva, June 2007).
4HRC Res. 5/1 , Annex, Section IB.1.
5HRC Res. 5/1, Annex, Section IB.2.
6HRC Res. 5/1, Annex, Section ID.1.
7Mohammed Loulichki, The Universal Periodic Review or the Promise of a New Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights in The First 365 Days of the United Nations Human Rights Council, 81 (Human Rights Council, Geneva, June 2007).
8The UPR will examine 192 UN member States, every four year, which means the Council will review 48 countries per year.
9This includes: constitution, legislation, policy measures, national jurisprudence, human rights infrastructure including national human rights institutions and scope of international obligations identified in the "Basis of review" in Resolution 5/1, Annex, Section IA.
10This includes: implementation of international human rights obligations identified in the "Basis of review", national legislation and voluntary commitments, national human rights institutions activities, public awareness of human rights, and cooperation with human rights mechanisms.
12The country concerned may request that one of the rapporteurs be from its own Regional Group and may also request the substitution of a rapporteur, but only once.
13HRC Res. 5/1, Annex, Section ID.2.
De Alba, Luis Alfonso, Reviewing the Process: Challenges in the Creation of the Human Rights Council, in The First 365 Days of the United Nations Human Rights Council (Human Rights Council, Geneva, June 2007. [ Links ]
Klein, Eckart (Ed.), The Duty to Protect and Ensure Human Rights (Potsdam, 2000). [ Links ]
Loulichki, Mohammed, The Universal Periodic Review or the Promise of a New Mechanism for the Protection of Human Rights, in The First 365 Days of the United Nations Human Rights Council (Human Rights Council, Geneva, June 2006). [ Links ]
Tistounet, Eric, Facts and Figures, in The First 365 Days of the United Nations Human Rights Council (Human Rights Council, Geneva, June 2006). [ Links ]
Tomuschat, Christian, Human Rights Between Idealism and Realism (Oxford University Press, Great Britain, 2003). [ Links ]
Web pages
http://www.ohchr.org/ [ Links ]
http://www.upr-info.org/ [ Links ]
United Nations Official Documents
ECOSOC Res. 75(V) 1947 [ Links ]
GA Res. 60/251 [ Links ]
HRC Res. 5/1 [ Links ]
HRC/DEC/6/102 [ Links ]
HRC/8/30 [ Links ]
HRC/8/32 [ Links ]
HRC/8/27 [ Links ]


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In Pictures: New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival (Days 4-7)
The second part of this year's New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival ran from last Thursday (5/3) through Sunday (5/6), treating fans to an vitual smorgasbord of performers.
Days 4-7 featured artists such as the Eagles, Herbie Hancock, Foo Fighters, Mavis Staples, Ani DiFranco, Esperanza Spalding, Florence and the Machine, Henry Butler, The Neville Brothers, James Cotton, Jimmy Buffett, Little Freddie King, Ne-Yo, Regina Carter, Bruce Hornsby, Grace Potter & the Nocturnals, Mystikal, Rodrigo y Gabriela, and the Zac Brown Band, among many others.
SoundSpike photographer Tim Mosenfelder was at the 32nd New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival from start to finish, and here are some highlights from the second half --View Larger Photos

subset: commoncrawl


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surfgatinho - 1:42 pm on Jul 21, 2004 (gmt 0)
If we can't tell the PR of a site accurately or we don't know who links to what and who's linking to us maybe webmasters will just start linking to sites that they want to (or that are even relevant).
Maybe the Google bar showing wierd (or possibly useless) information is a plan to clean things up a bit. If not it may still have that side effect.


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Movie Streamers Line Up Heavyweight Lawyers To Fight MPAA
The bizarre-yet-brilliant streaming movie service Zediva recently punched a hole straight through the MPAA's restrictive licensing roadblocks. Now the fledgling outfit is facing the legal might of Hollywood who want to bomb it back to the Stone Age. Perhaps surprisingly, Zedivca aren't rolling over and have instead compiled a dream team of lawyers to fight back.
Earlier this year a brand new streaming movie service appeared which repackaged and augmented something old in order to fill a gap in the market. The both brilliant and bizarre Zediva service allowed subscribers to watch movies online that are not available on services such as Netflix because they are still in the DVD sales window.
A product of the movie industry's licensing rules put in place to avoid the cannibalization of DVD sales, Zediva allowed its subscribers to rent and view physical DVDs remotely using the Internet. Needless to say the MPAA weren't amused and in early April they filed a lawsuit at the U.S. District Court in Los Angeles.
"Zediva illegally streams movies to its customers without obtaining required licenses from the movie studios," said the MPAA, adding that Zediva is little more than a "sham".
But rather than roll over and die, perhaps surprisingly Zediva are fighting back. According to Paid Content, Zediva have hired a team of lawyers from "elite" San Francisco law firm, Durie Tangri.
The team includes Joe Gratz, the lead attorney in the recent case of EFF/Augusto v Universal Music Group. Troy Augusto was sued by UMG for selling promo CDs on eBay and was represented by the EFF. He won the case, affirming an eBay seller's right to resell promotional CDs bought from secondhand stores.
Also on the team is file-sharing expert Michael Page. He was lead counsel for Grokster in their epic battle against the record labels and studios, representing them at district, Ninth Circuit, and Supreme Court levels. For this he received the California Lawyer Attorney of the Year award for 2005.
Also on the team is Mark Lemley who commands a place in countless lists of "most-admired" Intellectual Property lawyers. An author of six books, Lemley is a founding partner of Durie Tangri, a veteran of cases involving Comcast, Google, Grokster and NetFlix, and has taught intellectual property law to both federal and state judges.
As detailed by Paid Content, the MPAA aren't taking any chances either. They've hired a team from Munger, Tolles & Olson which includes Glenn Pomerantz and Kelly Klaus – lawyers currently engaged in beating up LimeWire.


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Guild Wars 2 sales reach two millionRecently released MMO reaches sales milestone Posted by Alex 'SpectralShock' V on Sep 13, 2012 - 1:07pm EST (Sep 13, 2012 13:07) |
NCsoft and ArenaNet have announced that the MMO Guild Wars 2 has sold more than two million units.
Guild Wars 2 launched just over two weeks ago. Peak concurrency is regularly exceeding 400,000 players and first week sales placed it at the top of the All Formats charts across ten European territories. "Reactions from around the world justified the time and care we put into developing Guild Wars 2 and making it into the game it is today", said Mike O'Brien, president and co-founder of ArenaNet. "And this is only the beginning. We're continually fine-tuning the game to deliver the polished experience that our players expect, and we're already working on new adventures and experiences to introduce into this truly dynamic online world." For more on the game, be sure to read our in-depth Guild Wars 2 Review. |
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Images from the Practical Encyclopedia of Good Decorating and Home Improvement (1970s)
Holiday Gift Guide 2013: For Kids & Baby
2 hours ago
Look at this kitchen set? WOW...bright...so cool!
I adore this post:)
Kisses and have a lovely-sunny Monday!
thanks for stopping by and following - i'm ur new follower too!!!
i want that pink kitchen!!!!! - i already have hot pink hallways - this would look perfect in my home!!
have an all smiles weekend
~Tiptoe Butterfly~
Oh wow! Hot pink hallways? Awesome! Would love to see pics of that. Thanks for the follow :)
Candidly, Red Designed by Live and Enliven Designs


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carried on the sella gestatoria. The groap containing
the pope and his cortege, and that of the prostrate
fleliodorus, whose armor could not protect him
against a simple sign made by the divine messenger
are the finest parts of this magnificent composition,
which, in movement and vivacity, is equalled by no
other of Raphael's works. Raphael, however,, who
drew the whole of it, only painted the principal
group. That which contains several women was
doue by a pupil of Correggio, Pietro di Cremona, and
the remainder are by Giulio Romano.
Julius II. no doubt intended to fill the whole of
this sta?isa. It is thought that Raphael painted the
Deliverance of jS£. Peter on this panel, because Giu-
liano della Rovere, before becoming pope, was the
Cardinal'of San Pietro in vincoli, an hereditary dignity
in his family. Others, however, believe that this
fresco wa3 painted by Raphael on the accession of
Leo X., who, when Cardinal Giovanni de Medici, had
been made prisoner at Ravenna, and had escaped
through a chance little short of miraculous. This
would be to find a flattering resemblance in the new
pope to the prince of the Apostles.
This fresco is divided into three compartments.
In that on the right, are the soldiers who guard the
entrance to the prison ; in the centre compartment,
St. Peter awakened by the angel ; and in that on the
left, the angel leading the apostle down a winding
staircase. The principal effect of the picture arises
from the contrast between the source of light in these
divisions. The soldiers, in deep shadow, sleep under
the dim light of a lamp, whilst the angel, luminous
as a star, diffuses a brilliant light in the prison. In
producing such an effect, which any one would have
thought conceived by the Flemish Gherardo delle
Notti (Gherard Honthorst), Raphael has proved that
he had a complete mastery over all the difficulties of
his art, even those of color. Critics, who are so in-
genious as to discover in the work of the painter
thoughts which he had not conceived — which is often
done by literary commentators — have believed that
they recognized in the face of the Apostle a mixture
of the features of the old Julius and the young Raph-
ael. They say that he must have done as Apelles
did, who, when painting a god for the temple of
Ephesus, found means to combine in the masculine
face of Jupiter, the effeminate features of Alexander.
Yisitors may be amused in discovering how far this
supposition is consistent with truth.
Julius II. is also represented, in spite of the
anachronism, as presiding in pontifical costume at
the Miracle of Bolsena, one of the frescoes in the
same room. This name of " Miracle," or " Mass of
Bolsena," refers, I believe, to the tradition recording
the supernatural conversion of a priest, who having
doubted the real presence of our Lord in the Euchar-
ist, suddenly saw, at the moment of consecration,
drops of blood flow from the wafer.* In this very
animated and effective fresco, which is arranged with
so much skill in a space above a window, apparent-
* The linen cloth, said to bear the stains of this miracle, constitutei
the greatest treasure of the beautiful cathedral of Orvieto.
ly too limited to be almost useless, the coloring is so
strong and bright that it might be attributed to the
St. Leo stopping Attila at the gates of Rome, is a
subject which would certainly suit better the history
of Julius II. than that of Leo X., who was a learned
but timid pope, and loved peace as much as his
terrible predecessor had loved war, and who placed
the now well-known papal umbrella in the hands of
his peaceful halberdiers. However, it was certainly
in honor of Leo that Raphael painted this fresco,
which was somewhat later in date than the three
others in the same hall. Leo X. is represented as St.
Leo, and behind him Raphael has placed himself
bearing a cross, again accompanied by his old master
Perugino. The greatest merit of this picture, or, at
all events, that which first attracts attention, is the
striking contrast between the Christian group of the
pope in the midst of his attendants, displaying the
calm majesty of faith and resignation, and the dis-
orderly army of the Huns, in which are seen the fury
and terror of superstitious barbarians.
The fourth room, " Stanza di Constantino," had
been merely sketched by Raphael when death over-
took him, in 1520. He had only finished the two
allegorical figures of Justice and Mercy, both admir-
able from their beauty, their expression, and from the
coloring, which is wonderfully bright. But he had
attempted an important innovation, that of oil-paint-
ing on the wall. In fact, his sketch of the victory of
Constantine oyer Maxentius at the Ponte Molle, had
been covered by his order with a coating of oil, on
which he intended to paint this large composition
Giulio Romano, commisioned bj the pope to finish
it, did not dare to continue the experiment, and re-
turned to fresco. This battle, in which the drawing
of the master has been religiously respected by the
disciple, is, I believe, the largest historical painting
known. In the arrangement, the genius of Raphael
appears powerful enough to grasp all the details of
such a combat, and self-contained enough to reduce
these confused details to order. As for the execution,
which does great honor to Giulio Eomano, it might
have been reproached with being too crude, hard, and
dark ; but Poussin remarked that in such a subject
these — perhaps voluntary faults — might be taken as
Raphael had also sketched the Baptism of Con-
stantine, in the composition of which his powerful
hand may be easily recognized. The painting itself,
feebly executed, is by his pupil Gian Francesco Penni,
called il Fattore, or il Fattorino, because he was
charged with, the household affairs, with which Ra-
phael did not much concern himself. Raphael left him
half of his wealth. As for the Appearance of the
Cross — In hoc signo vinces — which makes a pendant
to the Baptism of Constantine, it is believed that the
whole work, sketch and painting, belongs to Giulio
Romano, the other heir of Raphael. It is one of the
works in which he has shown the greatest boldness
and vigor. In the background of this picture he
has introduced some of the buildings of the Rome of
his time, an authorised anachronism. But it has not
been explained through what artist's fancy he has
placed in an angle that hideous dwarf endeavoring to
place a magnificent helmet on his deformed head —
Thersites putting on the armor of Achilles. And
yet this figure is celebrated even through its ugliness.
It is, perhaps, the first example of the grotesque being
mixed with the beautiful, an easy and dangerous
expedient to produce an effect by contrast, and one
which lias been greatly abused.
It would be unjust not to mention the grisailles
of the basement in this room and the preceding one,
which are well executed by that Polidoro da Cara-
vaggio, who, from being at first a mason's laborer,
made himself a painter, by studying the frescoes of
Giovanni da Udine, and was worthy to receive lessons
from Raphael. His works complete the decoration
of these famous camere. I hope to be pardoned for
having dwelt longer here than on any other collection
of paintings, because of their importance and the
name of their author. We may say of them what
Montesquieu profoundly, if boldly, has said of the
works o':' antiquity: "To believe that they may be
surpassed will always be only to prove our ignorance
of them."
Besides his frescoes, unhappily immortal rather by
their merit than by the durability of their materials,
Raphael has left in the palace of the popes three
pictures which have been less injured by time. They
are now in the museum of the Yatican.
The first of the three, in order, is the wonderful
Madonna di Foligno (also called the Vierge au Don-
alaire). We have already mentioned it as among the
most celebrated of the enthroned Madonnas surround-
ed by saints. This picture was ordered of Raphael
by Sigismondo Conti, an officer of the household of
Julius II. The painter has introduced him into the
picture kneeling in the group on the left, opposite
St. John the Baptist. It is a fine portrait of an old
man, the striking reality of whose figure forms a
happy contrast with the celestial character given to
the Virgin and her son. From this portrait arose the
name of Vierge au Donataire.
This masterpiece, the only equal of which in its
particular kind is the Madonna del Pesoe at Madrid,
was painted before the Coronation of the Virgin^ a
large picture which Raphael several times began and
then left for other work, and which at his death was
still little more than a sketch. It was finished partly
by Giulio Romano and partly by il Fattore, and their
work is too visible for it to be attributed to tLeir
master. The sketch only is by Raphael.
To see Raphael in all his grandeur, his genius
fully developed by labor and experience, we must
contemplate his last work, The Transfiguration,
which was placed over his head when he lay in state,
and which was carried in the procession at his mag-
nificent funeral obsequies like a sacred relic. Whilst
deploring the early death of Raphael when thirty-
seven years old to a day,* profoundly lamented not
only by his scholars, but by a sorrowing people, many
have inquired if it were not a fortunate occurrence
for his fame; if having already attained perfection,
he would not have run the risk of surviving his genius.
I cannot admit such a source of consolation. I be-
lieve that however perfect and great Raphael might
be, he would have improved, and that after having
surpassed all his rivals, lie would have surpassed him-
self. Michael Angelo, who at fifteen years of age had
sculptured the mask of a Faun, painted the Last
Judgment at sixty-seven. Titian, who also began to
paint when quite young, worked gloriously until the
close of his life, prolonged to nearly a century. Pous-
sin was seventy -one when he painted the Deluge, the
last and best of his works. And Murillo, to conclude
my examples, taking only the most notable, painted
his most celebrated pictures between the ages of fifty
and sixty -four, the close of his life. Had these four
great men died at the same age as Raphael, they
would have been far from taking the place they now
occupy in the annals of art— that eminent rank to
which universal admiration has raised them. But
why seek proofs elsewhere than in the history of
Raphael himself? Had he once gone back? Was
he not always advancing, and was not this famous
Transfiguration, the greatest height his genius reach-
• Fc iris hum mi Good Fridir. 119?. jn«l dVd on Onod Friday,
ed, the last of his works ? Had he died sooner we
should not have known what he could have done ;
had be lived longer, can we not believe that he might
have done even greater % In the history of the arts
there is another man who resembles Raphael in genius
as in fate ; Mozart also possessed a soul full of deep
feeling, an exquisite taste, a sublime, varied, and
fertile genius, both in its commencement and close.
A composer at six years of age and dead at thirty-
six, he crowned the list of his works by the " Re-
quiem," and said when dying, " It is too soon ; I had
overcome every obstacle, and was going to write from
the dictation of my own heart." It was too soon also
for Raphael, and his unhappy death must ever leave
a feeling of regret in the hearts of lovers of painting.
" Oli most happy and thrice blessed spirit," says
Yasari, " of whom all are proud to speak, whose
actions are celebrated with praise by all men, and
the least of whose works left behind thee is admired
and prized ! When Raphael died, well might Faint-
ing have departed also, for when he closed his eyes,
she too was left as it were blind."
The picture of the Transfiguration, ordered by
Cardinal Griulio de Medici, was intended for a small
town in the south of France, Narbonne, of which he
was archbishop. Rome however retained this great-
est work of her painter. I am not aware that any
adverse criticism has been passed on this picture,
except that the action, being double, causes a want of
unity. But we can refer those, who venture on this
criticism to Matt. xvii. for the scene here delineated.
We there find not only Christ between Moses and
Elias, and his three disciples, Peter, James, and John,
dazzled by the brightness of the apparition and pros-
trate through terror; but also at the foot of the
mountain, the people waiting for their Messiah, to
bring to Him the child possessed by the devil to be
cured. Yasari says of it, "In this work the master
has of a truth produced figures and heads of such
extraordinary beauty, so new, so varied, and at all
points so admirable, that among the many works
executed by his hand, this, by common consent of all
artists, is declared to be the most worthily renowned,
the most excellent, the most divine. But as if that
sublime genius had gathered all the force of his
powers into one eifort, as one who had finished the
great work which he had to accomplish, he touched
the pencil no more."
Raphael had at first imitated Perugino. After-
wards he studied Leonardo da Yinci, and formed his
style on that of the painter of the Last Supper • then
from the Frate (Fra Bartolommeo) he learned per-
spective as well as some processes of drawing and
coloring ; then he studied Michael Angelo and anat-
omy, in order to paint the nude, foreshortening, and
the articulation of limbs; he afterwards studied back-
grounds, landscapes, animals, vestments, skies and
effects of sunlight, shadow, night, and artificial light,
and adding to all these acquirements his own genius,
his feeling and passion for the beautiful, he attained
the highest summit of perfection.
" The graceful Raphael Sanzio of Urbino," says
Vasari, at the commencement of his biography, " offers
one of the most striking proofs of the munificence of
Heaven, who is sometimes pleased to accumulate on
one head gifts and graces which are more commonly
distributed among a number of individuals. Such
men are not men, but mortal gods." "If Raphae'
is to be compared with other masters," add the an-
notators of Vasari, " he will ever be found the great-
est, because he alone has almost given speech to his
mute art. The others make an impression and arouse
thoughts by what they exhibit ; but Raphael speaks
— and we seem to hear the most harmonious and per-
suasive language. He is not deep and impenetrable,
like Leonardo da Yinci ; lie does not overwhelm the
spectator like Michael Angelo ; he does not intox-
icate like Correggio ; he does not possess the magic of
Titian, the pomp of Paolo Veronese or Tintoretto,
the brilliancy of Rubens or Murillo. He fights like
the ancient Apollo, without showing either anger or
Before leaving Rome we must also glance at the
four magnificent Sibyls of Santa Maria della Pace,
and the Isaiah in San Agostino ; and, in the Bor-
ghese palace, at the portrait of Csesar Borgia, on
whose calm handsome face we cannot yet read every
crime — a Nero at twenty years of age. We must
also notice in the Sciarra palace the portrait of a
young man who is unknown, called the Suonatore di
Violino, because he holds in his hand, together with
? ri
Borne flowers, the bow of a violin. I do not think any
one will contradict me, when I say that this is the
most admirable portrait that can be imagined ; it is,
By Raphail. In tht Sciarra Gallery, Rome.
indeed, beyond a portrait. In this noble and touch-
ing face, in the studied attitude, in the graceful
arrangement of li«jrlit and shade, we feel that the
painter wished to unite his own thought to the work
of nature ; we feel that be composed this picture
Painted in 1518, in the charming style of the Madon-
na della Sedia, the Suonatore di Violino is also one
of those incomparable works which can only be
understood by careful, respectful, and loving con-
templation, and which leave an indelible remembrance
on the mind.
The works of Raphael are by no means confined
to Italy. We will now seek them through the rest
of Europe, and first in Spain, where we shall find the
greatest number. It is not surprising that the mon-
archy of the powerful Charles V., and of such an
ardent collector as Philip IV., should possess more
than any other. The Museo del Rey, at Madrid,
contains two portraits and seven pictures by this
master. Rome alone possesses a larger number.
The painter of the Transfiguration, of the Spas-
imo, and of thirty Holy Families or Madonnas, ren-
dered himself so famous as an historical painter, espe-
cially of sacred history, that there is scarcely any
room to praise him as a portrait painter. However
we meet everywhere with some specimen of his won-
derful talent in this style, and we cannot fail to
recognize that the superiority of Raphael is as great
in a simple portrait as in sacred subjects, and that in
this branch also he ranks before Titian, Yandyck,
Velasquez, and Rembrandt.
At Madrid, his three portraits, all of them men's
heads, preserve him this pre-eminence ; they are per-
fect, and worthy of Raphael. The name of one
original only of these portraits is known ; this is the
famous lawyer Bartoli de Sassoferrato. But Raphael
in painting him had only to refresh and brighten an
older portrait, as Bartoli died at Perugia in 1359.
One of the two others, that of a gentleman with a
black beard, and with a large flat cap, may be an-
other portrait of Balthazar Castiglione, the poet,
nobleman, and friend of Raphael, who in that case
must have painted him when younger than the pic-
ture in the Louvre represents him. In the third of
these portraits — a cardinal with a red cap and robe —
I thought I recognized, by the long aquiline nose and
thin face, and by a likeness to Pascal and Conde,
that cardinal Giulio de Medici for whom the Trans-
figuration was painted when he was archbishop of
Narbonne, and whom Raphael has painted in full
length near Leo X. in the portrait group in the Pitti
Of the seven pictures of which I have still to speak,
the first brought to Spain was a Holy Family, which
has received no particular designation as far as I can
discover, but which might be called the Madonna
among Ruins, for Raphael placed the group in the
midst of ruins, so many of which were to be seen in
Rome. Shafts of broken columns strew the ground,
and the ruined walls of a heathen temple terminate
the view. The idea conveyed in it is the triumph of
Christianity symbolically expressed, and it contains a
happy combiration of effects. The Virgin placed in
Mie centre of the picture, with ineffable grace rests
her left arm on an ancient altar, which also serves as
a support to St. Joseph, who is standing rather furthei
back ; with her right hand she holds the Holy Child,
who whilst bending down to embrace His young
companion, turns his Head towards Mary, as if to
call her attention and her caresses to His precursor.
The infant Baptist himself, timid and reverent, is
opening a scroll on which are inscribed the words he
afterwards used in welcoming the Messiah ; Ecce
Agnus Dei, qui tollit peccata mundi. It is easy, by
many indications, to recognize this picture as one of
the last works of Raphael. It is not only acknowl-
edged to belong to his third manner, but to have been
done at the same time as the Holy Family in the
Louvre, which bears the date 1518. To prove this
date is to prove the excellence of the work. I think
that Raphael must have painted at the same time two
works alike in subject and perfection for the two great
rivals who were then beginning to dispute the pre-
eminence in Italy and in Europe generally : the Ma-
donna of Francis I. has remained in France, the
Spaniards have preserved that of Charles V.
Four other Holy Families — for the Museum of
Madrid now possesses five — have been sent there from
the Escurial, together with the Visitation of St. Eliza-
beth. This last subject was probably neither conceived
nor chosen by Raphael; it was painted by order.
Whilst his signature may be read on the left, Raphael
Urhinas, the following inscription is conspicuous n
gold letters in the centre of the picture: Marinus
Branconius FF. (fecit facer e, or fieri fecit). This
picture adds to the value it possesses as a good work
of Raphael's, by being in excellent preservation
Time has respected it, and no accident has required
the assistance, always so dangerous, of cleaners and
restorers of pictures.
On the other hand, we can only admire small
fragments of the exquisite work of a small miniature
in the Flemish style, whose delicacy has caused it to
suffer more than a lar^e canvas from the ravages of
time. It is a Holy Family of such small dimensions,
that although the group is completed by Joseph and
St. John the Baptist, yet it is not larger than the
Madone a V Enfant mutin, that exquisite gem of the
Delessert gallery at Paris.
If the Madonna with the Rose were the only work
of Raphael in a gallery or cabinet, it would certainly
receive all the attention and honors which the very
name of Raphael always commands. But at Madrid
I allow that it is eclipsed by so many others of the
master's works, that there it cannot pretend to take
the first rank. We can, indeed, recognize in the
arrangement of the groups, in the outlines, the expres-
sion, the drawing, and the forms, the inimitable hand
of the master; but a rosy tint like that of the flower
in the Virgin's hand pervades the whole painting,
and gives it a certain insipidity unknown in the works
of Perugino's pupil. I have failed to discover at what
time Raphael painted this Madonna — if it were indeed
he who painted it, if a pupil's pencil did not finish
what be commenced — but it certainly was not done
in tbe later years of bis life, wben his force was fully
developed ; and if, when studying, he tried this effem-
inate manner, he did not continue it, but resumed
his noble severity.
Between this Madonna with the Rose, injured by
a little affectation, and tbe Madonna del Pesce, the
highest expression of nobility and majesty, is placed
tbe Madonna of the Pearl. This picture is preferred
to all the other Madonnas of Raphael by those who
delight especially in grace and attractive charms, and
who consider the works of Correggio the highest type
of art. I do not know whence comes its name.
Some say that at the sight of this picture, which he
had just bought for the sum of 3000?., of the widow
of Charles I. of England, who had it from the dukes
of Mantua, Philip IV. exclaimed : " That is my
pearl ! " Others have discovered on the ground, and
among the playthings of tbe Holy Child, a shell which
might, by a stretch of imagination, be taken for a
pearl oyster-shell. But let us leave the word and
come to the thing. Although the shadows of the
picture are dark, a soft violet tint pervades the whole,
conveying an effect of sweetness without insipidity.
The whole composition, even to tbe slightest details
of vestments and ground, is finished with that minute
care which we admire in the works of Leonardo da
Vinci. In the midst of the usual group, to which
Raphael, though he often painted the same subject,
always succeeded in imparting novelty, the Virgin
ROMAN SCnOOL. 191
is distinguished for her exquisite, but somewhat
worldly beauty. Like the Madonna delta Sedia, she
lifts her eyes to meet the glance of others, and by
the irresistible power of her look extends the empire
of her beauty even over the senses. In short, the
Madonna of the Pearl is prettier and more delicate
than the Madonna del Pesce, but she has less strength
and holiness, and in consequence possesses less real
I was right just now in calling this Madonna del
Pence the highest expression of nobility and majesty.
Never has Raphael, or any of his successors, drawn
do much grandeur from so much simplicity. Never
did his pencil show more firmness, vigor, and bril-
liancy. Those who regret, with a somewhat blind
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text:
Yeowomen Struggle to Close Teams Out The conference season almost started out on a high for the women's basketball team in its away game at the College of Wooster, where it dropped a heartbreaker 69-72. Coming off the 50-point loss to Baldwin-Wallace College on November 27, the team looked to regain its confidence with a strong performance. The Yeowomen started off at an intense pace as they were out to make sure that Wooster's home court advantage would not be too strong. With six minutes gone in the game, Oberlin was up by seven points at 25-18. Senior center Roneisha Kinney and sophomore guard Alicia Smith were on top of their games from the onset as the team executed plays effectively. Kinney totaled 24 points on the night and 11 rebounds while Smith scored 14 to go along with her five steals. Despite the strong start, Wooster ended the half on a high, cutting the Oberlin lead to two at 32-30. The second half was an entirely different story. Things started out even, but Wooster got the edge after five minutes, leading 43-41. Wooster's first-year guard Taylor Keegan helped spark a 16-2 run to increase the two-point lead to 16. At that point, Oberlin junior guard Alyssa Clark stepped up, leading the Yeowomen to an 18-4 run as they cut the lead down to two points with four and half minutes left in the game. The Yeowomen fought hard from there as they tried to gain an edge, but their work was to no avail. The teams matched one another shot for shot as Wooster went on to win the game 72-69. Four Wooster players scored in double figures on the night as the team improved its record to 2-3 on the season. For Oberlin, sophomore Liz Thompson marked her return to the team with 11 points and seven rebounds, promising larger contributions in future games. The team was disappointed with the result, as it had expected to claim the victory after a good performance in the first period. Junior Amanda Van Allen expressed her frustration, saying: "We were really disappointed to have lost against Wooster. We have learned a lot from that game though, and I'm sure we'll do better against Earlham." At Earlham on Thursday, Dec. 8, Oberlin again went into the intermission on top at 26-22. Led by Kinney, who had eight points in the first period, the team put itself on track to claim its first conference victory of the season on the road. Earlham came into the second half with great energy, executing effectively on offense and maintaining composure on defense. The Yeowomen were unable to match this level of play and ended up conceding 54 points in the half on the way to a 54-76 loss. In her second game for the team, Thompson recorded 13 points and nine rebounds. Kinney led the team once again in scoring with 15 points, while Smith and Clark were only able to contribute six points apiece. In its last home contest of the 2007 calendar year, Oberlin hosted La Roche College in Philips gym on Tuesday, Dec. 11. As in its previous two games, Oberlin started out as the better team as it jumped out to an early lead and went into the locker room in front at 17-16. After Clark opened the scoring in the second period, a lapse in concentration in the Oberlin camp resulted in a 12-0 run from the visitors as they went out to a 28-19 lead. Oberlin fought back but could not catch up as La Roche claimed a 52-41 victory. For the third game in a row, Oberlin had lost despite being ahead at the intermission. First-year Katie Thompson led the Yeowomen with 11 points, followed by Clark, who had nine points and nine assists on the night. With that loss, the Yeowomen stand at 1-6 for the season and 0-2 in conference play. The team plays next on December 14 at Bluffton University in its final game before winter break. |
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Gujar Khan | |
Coordinates: 33°15′03″N 73°17′48″E / 33.250846°N 73.296581°ECoordinates: 33°15′03″N 73°17′48″E / 33.250846°N 73.296581°E | |
Country | Pakistan |
Province | Punjab |
District | Rawalpindi |
Area | |
• Total | 1,466 km2 (566 sq mi) |
Elevation | 461 m (1,512 ft) |
Population (1998[1]) | |
• Total | 57,152 |
• Estimate (2007[1]) | 72,957 |
• Density | 49.7/km2 (129/sq mi) |
Time zone | PST (UTC+5) |
Calling code | 0513 |
Number of Union councils | 33[2] |
0 |
Gujar Khan (Punjabi/Urdu: گوجرخان) is a city in Rawalpindi District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is the headquarters of Gujar Khan Tehsil, the largest tehsil of Punjab.[3] It is approximately 55 kilometres southeast of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan and 220 km to the north west of Lahore, capital of Punjab. Gujar Khan is bounded on the north by Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Attock, on the south by Jhelum, Lahore and Gujrat, on the east by Azad Kashmir and Kahuta and on the west by Chakwal and Khushab. The city has a population of approximately 73,000.[1] Gujar Khan lies at the heart of the Pothohar cultural region. The area has considerable natural resources in the form of petroleum and natural gas.
- 1 History
- 2 Language
- 3 Transport
- 4 Administration
- 5 Natural resources
- 6 Future of the city
- 7 Notable sites
- 8 2008 election results
- 9 Major towns
- 10 Tehsil Gujarkhan Peoples Web Portal
- 11 List of banks
- 12 Gallery
- 13 Healthcare
- 14 welfare Organizations
- 15 Libraries
- 17 Education
- 18 Major industries
- 19 Printing Press
- 20 References
The place was named after Gujars.[4]
The region is also the ancestral land of all the rajput khokhars/khokhrans/Kukhrains.A glossary of tribes and castes,by H.D.Rose and sir denzel ibbetson and A.D.Mclagan .raja khokhar anand who founded khokhrains.these include the sub castes of Anand, Bhasin,kohli,chadha,ghandhoke.sethi suri,Many famous Indians (including the current Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh kohli) are ancestrally from this region. Butt, Khawaja,Mughal,Mir,Bhalla, Read More http://www.megujarkhan.com/
Local language is Punjabi (in Potwari and Majhi dialects) Gujar Khan.
Gujar Khan is situated on the Islamabad-Lahore National Highway. Travel within Gujar Khan is limited primarily to auto-rickshaws and buses & sazoki.
Gujar Khan Railway Station is on the main line of Pakistan Railways. Trains operate to Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and Rawalpindi. Islamabad International Airport is situated approximately 45 kilometres from Gujar Khan.
Chief of army staff is also from Gujarkhan.
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf the Current Prime minister is elected from Gujarkhan`s national assembly seat. Gujar Khan is administratively subdivided into 33 Union Councils; whereas City Gujar Khan is sub-divided into 3 union councils:[5]
According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the city had a population of 57,099.[6]
Potwari, dialects of Punjabi is the main language of Gujar Khan. Pahari,Urdu and Pashto are also spoken.
Natural resources[edit]
Large reserves of oil and gas were discovered in February 2002 at Tobra, about ten kilometres from Gujar Khan. The field is being developed by the Oil and Gas Development Company. The field could produce 1,600 barrels of crude oil daily.[7] The Ahdi oil and gas field (Mastala) is about 30 km from Gujar Khan, situated near Daultala town and is being operated by Pakistan Petroleum. According to the Oil and Gas Development Company, huge oil and gas reserves have been discovered at Missa oil and gas field, 5 kilometres from Gujar Khan. The sources said that the drilling at well no. 3 of the Missa Kaswal oil and gas field at Tobra led to the discovery. The field could produce 1,600 barrels of crude daily.
Gujar Khan is 2 kilometres from the Dohngi Dam and about 35 kilometres from the much larger Mangla Dam.
Future of the city[edit]
The city is expanding at a great speed but no space is left for expansion.[citation needed] It is in dire need of a ring road encirciling the city so that city may expand comfortably.[citation needed] This ring road is supposed to be one km away from the edges of city so that city may get a reduced traffic burden in the center and new markets may be available for people and new housing space may be available.[citation needed] Now, the Prime Minister of Pakistan is expected to fulfill this need...[citation needed]
Notable sites[edit]
Sangni Fort is a fort built by Maha Raja of Punjab on the borders of Gujar Khan and Kashmir. It is on the road to Bewal through Daryala, on a high rock with only one approach. It is near Barra dari, a housing scheme with two ancient place.[citation needed] Dhandgali Bridge is an old bridge made up of wood and ropes. It is an important visiting place. Moreover,Lakhtala is a rocky area having graves of pious people.[citation needed]
2008 election results[edit]
On 18 February 2008, parliamentary elections were held, the results in Gujar Khan are as follows:[8]
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf | NA-51 | Pakistan Peoples Party | 80,221 | 39% |
Raja Tariq Kiani | PP-3 | Pakistan Peoples Party | 33757 | 34% |
Raja Shoukat Aziz Bhatti | PP-4 | Pakistan Muslim League (Q) | 38437 | 36% |
Major towns[edit]
- Kotla
- Kauntrila (Central Town of Minhas Rajputs' in Gujar Khan)
- Jatli
- Islampurra jabbar (Town of Mughals, Butt,' in Gujar Khan)
- Kallaryala Sharif (Hazrat Chaudhry Bawa Jaithu)
- Syed Kasran (Bawa Shah Nazar Deewan)
- Bhair Kalyal
- Mandra (Town of Jusgam Rajputs)
- Daultala
- Narali
- Sukho
- Gulyana
- Dhoke Habib Kanyal(Atif,Awais)
- Chak Bahadur
- Davi (Town of Minhas Rajputs')
- Pakhral Rajgan (Village of Pakhral / Minhas Rajputs')
- Jairo Ratial
- Jhangh Khokharan (rajput khokhar tribes)
- Dora Budhaal
- Dhok khokhran(rajput khokhar tribes)
- Cheena
- bhagwala khokhran (rajput khokhar tribes)
- Sasraal
- Sarja (Village of Raja Nazir Ahmed Minhas (Late))
- Bardiana (Village of Janjua Rajputes),,(Dr.Khadam Hussain.Late)
- Thakra
- Kauntreela
- Kihk Budhaal
- Chehari Pharwal Dolal (Qureshi Hockey & Cricket Club)
- Dhong
- Adhi (Adhi oil and gas field PPL)
- Mastala (Village of Pakhral / Minhas Rajputs')
- Bhair kalyal
- Bajrana (Village of Gujars)
- Jatli
- Syed Kasraan (Bawa Shah Nazar Deewan)
- Kallaryala Sharif (Hazrat Chaudhry Bawa Jaithu)
- Punjgraan
- koont
- Kanyaal
- Tarkwal
- Qazian
- Rama (Village of Gujars)
- Gorsian
- Phambray (Village of Minhas Rajputs')
- Qutbal (Village of Raja Rahim Buksh Minhas (Late))
- kot Raja Ameer Ali (Village of Minhas Rajputs')
- Hosang (Village of Minhas Rajputs')
- Mina Mora
- Bhangali Sharif
- Miana Sehtal (Village of Ch Mazhar Hussain Audit Officer)
- Mora Nori (Village Of Raja Javaid Ikhlas MNA)
- Manghot
- Jajja ( Village of Lt. Gen Lehrasab Khan Founder of Cadet College Jajja , Lt. Gen Mumtaz Khan)
- Usman Zada Adra
- Kahali Khengher (Director POF Pak Raja Laqiat Ali)
- Sehal Khinger (village of late Raja Ali Haider Bhatti +Ashfaq bhatti)
- Mohra Bhatti
- Changa Bangyal
- Hechehari Dulal (village of Late Subedar Babu Muhammad Ashraf Father of Dr Jamshaid Ashraf,Maj Tauqeer Ahmed)
- Sohawa Mirzian ( Village of Late Mirza Dulo Khan Grand-father of Engineer Raja Waheed)
- Jand Najar
- Darkala
- Partali kalan
- Partali khurd
- Bhata Rajpoot
- Mohri Khatreel
- Aara Rajgan
- Kuri Hazaro ( Village of Late Sub Maj Allah Bakhsh and Col Javed Mirza)
- Jarmote kalan (Village of Late Nawab Hyat Muhammad Bakhsh (1701) )
- Jrmote khurd
Tehsil Gujarkhan Peoples Web Portal[edit]
Provide information about. Tehsil Gujar khan, Pothohar, Sukho, Bewal, Mangot, Karnali, Jatli, Daultala, Pothohar, Keh Gohar Nama, Barki.Read More...... http://www.megujarkhan.com/
List of banks[edit]
Gujar Khan has branches of all the major banks, including:
- National Bank of Pakistan
- Habib Bank
- MCB Bank
- NIB Bank, Summit Bank
- United Bank, and Punjab Bank.
- Bank Alflah Islamic Bank
- Askari Bank
- Faysal Bank
- Allied Bank
- Silk Bank
- KASB Bank
- Burj Bank
Tehsil Headquarters HospitaL, Saleem Akhtar Memorial Welfare Hospital "MR Sajid Mahmood Bhatti" is Trustee of this Hospital, Government Rural Health centers are also working in Mandra, Doultala, Qutbal & Qazian. Other hospitals are Hamid Hospital, Mubarak Hospital, Ali And Zeeshan Hospital, Zahid Hospital, Trama Centre, and Abu-Bakar Dental Hospital A new hospital is being built in the area of Sukho in Gujar Khan by the Azmat Welfare Foundation,[9][10] a British Charity, set up in 2010, to provide free healthcare for the poor and needy, in the area. The Azmat hospital should be ready to start seeing patients as early as December 2012.[11]
welfare Organizations[edit]
- Edhi Foundation Gujar Khan
- Gujar Khan Lovers Welfare Organization
- Al-Khidmat Foundation
- Minhaj Al Quran Welfare Organization
- Dawn Welfare Organization
- Hajee Zain Welfare Organization
- Saleem Akhtar Memorial Welfare Trust Library. Currently, Mr. Bhatti Tariq Sharif is the trustee of the library.
- Al Mehria Library
The PTCL provides the main network of landline telephones. PTCL's one Main Switching Unit(MSU) of 10,000 land lines in main city of Gujer Khan is working along with its many remote exchanges at Mandra, Noordolal, Doultala, Kalyam Awan, and Bewal.
- City College Islampurra Jabbar
Government colleges:
- Sarwar Shaheed College
- Govt. Commerce College
- Govt. Degree College for Woman
Private colleges:
- Gujar Khan College of Commerce (GCC)
- College Of Advance Studies Gujar Khan & Doultala)
- Punjab College
- Wings College
- Cadet College Jajja
- Iqra College of Commerce & Computer Sciences
High Schools:
- . Government High School for Boys Mandra
- . Government High School for Boys Mohra Noori
- . Government High School for Boys Harnal
- . Government High School Sahang for Boys
- . Government High School Sahang for Girls
- . Government High School Jatli for Boys
- . Government Boys Qadria Secondary School
- . Government Boys High School Darkala
- . Government boys High School Sukho
- . Government Girls High School Manghot
- . Government Girls High School Sukho
Private Schools:
- . Yousaf Public High School Sukho
- . Al-Amir Foundation Public School System Sukho
- . Al-Amir Foundation Public School System Daultala
- . Al-Noor Girls School and College Jajja
- . Dil Model School Darkala
Fauji Foundation model school Daultala
Major industries[edit]
Gujar Khan industrial estate was established in 1979 and sits on the main Grand Trunk Road just outside the main city. The total area of industrial estate is 17.44 acres (70,600 m2).
- Oil and Gas Development Corporation Limited
- Pakistan Petroleum Limited
- Lakson Tobacco Company Limited, acquired by Philip Morris International in 2007
- Kohinoor Gujar Khan Mills Limited.
Printing Press[edit]
Mahmood Printing Press, Iqbal Market Railway Road, Gujar Khan. Ph: 051-3515649
- ^ a b c Stefan Helders. "World Gazzeteer". Archived from the original on 2013-02-09. Retrieved 2007-07-02.
- ^ Election Commission of Pakistan. "Zila, Tehsil & Town Councils Membership for Punjab". Retrieved 2007-07-02.
- ^ Population Census Organization, Government of Pakistan. "List of Administrative Units of Pakistan (Tehsil/Taluka)". Retrieved 2007-07-02.
- ^ Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Bhāratīya Itihāsa Samiti (1954). The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age. G. Allen & Unwin. p. 64. "."
- ^ Towns & Unions in the City District of Rawalpindi
- ^ 1998 Census details - Official website of Rawalpindi District
- ^ Asia Times Online (Holdings) Ltd. "Business in Asia". Retrieved 2007-07-02.
- ^ "Election Commission of Pakistan".
- ^ http://azmat.org/
- ^ http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/Showcharity/RegisterOfCharities/CharityFramework.aspx?RegisteredCharityNumber=1137683&SubsidiaryNumber=0
- ^ http://www.azmat.org/?page_id=29
A portion of the proceeds from advertising on Digplanet goes to supporting Wikipedia.


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Note: Quantity discounts shown above will be automatically applied to your order.
Engraving Details
How to find a lost pet:
1. Search your property thoroughly - small animal scan find small hiding spots 2. Walk the neighborhood, talk to everybody, and leave your phone number 3. Make some noise while you walk around the neighborhood - animals have great hearing and know the voices of their owners 4. Bring a powerful flashlight - this is valuable even in the daylight as a lost and scared animal will often find a small and dark hiding spot 5. Place strong-scented articles outside your home to attract your pet - animals know your scent, so don't be afraid to use things like sweaty gym socks, dog bedding, etc... 6. Call local veterinarian offices during the day. After 5 PM, call veterinarian emergency clinics 7. VISIT your local Animal Control, humane societies, and animal shelters 8. Ask Animal Control, humane societies, and shelters about pet rescue organizations in your area 9. Post as many flyers as you can within a 1 mile radius of your home 10. Place an Ad in your local newspaper 11. Check the newspaper "found" ads every day 12. DONT GIVE UP - Pets have been known to be found months or even years after they are lost
Looks great on my American Bulldog! These tags are made to last, thick & tough, engraving is deep and clean. They have gone into the washer with the collar and come our sparkling! Since they are thick it does take some work to get them onto the collar but worth every penny. He hasn't been able to loose any of these tags.
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When I received this item I had no idea of the quality. The tag is thick and the engravement is deep which will keep the information on and not wear off. It was typed exactly what I had ordered. I am just amazed and will order more to match my pups other collars. Best tag I ever bought.
This is our second tag made like this. The first was the baby blue paw print (our high schools mascot and color) and we loved it. So we ordered this one as a joke because my daughter calls our Morkie "Demon Child". (of course Sheldon is not) This is a nice thickness and weight and looks good on.
this is such a nice tag. heavy weight and detailed. i have a lil' devil bulldog and this is perfect!!
[...] I was very impressed[...] also with the quality of the item. I'm very pleased and highly recommend Hot Dog Collars.Pros: Versatile, Fun, Tough, Good Value, The large size is perfectCons: NoneBest Uses: Smaller Pets, Travel, Older Pets, Larger Pets


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Basketball Scores for Dec 10-11
4th Girls — lost to Sacred Heart, 18-10.
4th Boys — beat St Catherine, 22-12.
5th Girls — lost to Holy Family-Kirkland, 22-16.
5th Boys — lost to Our Lady of the Lake, 20-17.
6th Girls — lost to Lakeside, 15-14 (in overtime)
7th Girls — lost to Holy Family-Kirkland, 16-13.
8th Girls — Holy Rosary-Edmonds,
Christmas Gifts
As members of Villa Academy, we are truly fortunate to have such a caring and compassionate community. It is a blessing to be able to share this special gift with the greater community by extending our support to those who find themselves alone or in need this time of year.
With Christmas on its way, Villa Academy is finding the holiday spirit by participating in a variety of service projects and lending a hand to folks who could use a little extra help this season. From preparing holiday craft kits for the patients at Children's Hospital to collecting clothes and toys for family-aid organizations, Villa students of all ages are celebrating the joy of Christmas by giving to others.
What students have been up to lately:
- The season of giving got a kick-start this November as sixth grade students led the annual all-school Thanksgiving Food Drive, collecting over 50 boxes of food and toiletries for donation to St. Vincent de Paul.
- Sixth graders rolled up their sleeves again – this time, to avoid getting sticky and to help the St. Francis House by preparing individually wrapped peanut butter and jelly sandwiches for the hungry.
- Villa Girl Scouts recently warmed our hearts as they worked hard to help keep families at the St. Francis House warm by hosting a coat drive. The inspiring shouts you may have heard at morning crosswalk paid off with a total collection of 400 coats!
- Middle School religion classes helped spread a little Christmas cheer by making holiday decoration to help brighten the halls and the spirits of Providence Regina House families.
- Preschool and Kindergarten students have been working hard to decorate their mitten trees and a garland of gloves. Even the littlest hands here at Villa are making a big difference by donating these mittens and gloves to families in need at Seattle's First Place School and the Ronald McDonald House.
- Today, our second grade students personally delivered 200 craft kits for young patients at Children's Hospital. Each handmade craft kit will provide a little holiday entertainment for a hospitalized child this season.
- And, in the final week before Christmas vacation, student council will be wrapping up their Adopt-a-Family gift drive, by wrapping and labeling presents donated by each grade level to the Providence Regina House.
Sign up for Volleyball!
CYO volleyball registration is now open for girls and boys in grades 5 through 8.
The deadline is Friday January 20, 2012 (one week earlier than last season). All late registrations will incur a $20 late fee. Students who have not participated in a CYO sport need to complete the Annual CYO forms in addition to the Volleyball Registration Form
Questions about registration can be directed to John Widzgowski, Villa A.D.
Sleep Well for School (and Life!) Success
January 25 from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. in the Parlor
Over half of children don't get the sleep they need each night, which has an enormous impact on their emotional intelligence, cognitive abilities, and physical coordination. All of this impairs their school performance, interferes with mood, and increases their risk of obesity. Catherine Darley, ND from The Institute of Naturopathic Sleep Medicine, will cover how sleep impacts children, red flags of sleep problems, and how to help your children get healthy sleep. There will be plenty of time for questions and discussion.
This event is free, open to the public and for parents of children age 3-14. Childcare will not be provided.
Mittens and Gloves Galore!
Mitten Tree Project (hosted by Preschool)
Congruent with their theme of "children helping children," the Villa Preschool has chosen to support Seattle's First Place School through their annual Mitten Tree Project.
First Place is both a elementary school and social service agency devoted to serving low-income families struggling with trauma, including homelessness, mental illness, domestic violence, and drug abuse.
Families are invited to donate new mittens, gloves, hats, socks, scarves and/or gift certificates. Donation can be brought to school through December 9th.
Garland of Gloves (hosted by Kindergarten)
Kindergarten will be supporting the Ronald McDonald House by creating a heartfelt Garland of Gloves. The Ronald McDonald House is a home away from home for families who have children receiving treatment at Seattle Children's Hospital.
Beginning Monday, December 5th and running through December 9th, kindergarten will be collecting new gloves, hats, mittens, and scarves of all sizes to keep these families warm during the winter months.


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President Felipe Calderón and former Communications Secretary Luis Téllez, in discussions with Carlos Slim, offered to eliminate the legal restrictions under which Telefonos de Mexico (TelMex) is frozen out of the television market in exchange for allowing Slim's competitors low-cost access to the telephone company's infrastructure in the most profitable zones within Mexico. After a tense two-hour meeting at Los Pinos, Slim rejected the proposal, arguing that to accept it would destroy Telmex.
[As Lawrence Wright reports in The New Yorker (registration required) this week] last March Communications Secretary Téllez arranged a secret meeting between Slim and president Calderón. The now former Secretary confirmed the facts with Wright, saying that he had hoped the meeting could pave the way for an ambitious plan to open the telecommunications sector to competition. In return, Téllez told The New Yorker, the government was prepared to offer the industralist the one thing he hopelessly desires: television.


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WebMD Physician Directory
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Math for Lateral Partners
The lateral partner market is a flurry of activity right now. We are currently working with a number of lateral partner candidates. The most frequent concern among partners conducting a search? How to value their book of business in strange economic times. My colleague, Dan Binstock, just wrote a fabulous article on this very issue. In We Were Told You'd Bring Billables, Dan addresses the most effective way to value your book so that you are representing yourself in an honest, accurate and marketable way.


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Here's a quick and easy company dish that can be plopped down on a platter in no time! Using a large baking sheet (jelly roll pan), place chicken thighs, sliced onion, sliced yellow bell peppers, sliced cherry tomatoes and some marinated artichoke hearts. Drizzle with a little olive oil and coat vegetables. Sprinkle a little seasoned breadcrumb on top of your thighs followed by a dusting of Romano cheese. Dot the top with some sliced Sicilian olives. Bake in a preheated oven of 350 degrees for approximately 1 hour. ( Half way through baking, remove pan and drain fat) This allows the vegetable to brown and cuts down the dimple action on your own thighs!)
Serve with some nice fresh chopped Italian parsley on top.
Over rice, orzo, a nice chunk of crusty Italian bread or simply jammed into your mouth. Follow with a nice gulp of hearty red...ABC ya later!
I'm making this for football sunday! Remove skin and de bone chicken. Slice the chicken and mix in ingredients.
Slice open a nice Italian semolina roll..place ingredients in roll with shredded Asiago cheese. Melt briefly under broiler. GO JETS!
Check us out on AM 1230 WFAS and Worldwide LIVE on WFASAM.com
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Welcome to Coral Gulf Hotel - Riyadh
Coral Gulf Hotel - Riyadh, is conveniently located in the exclusive diplomatic area in King Abdul Aziz Road. Offering state-of-the-art facilities and outstanding service, this chic sanctuary is within easy proximity to major business establishments, shopping centers and leisure spots.
Distance from Riyadh International Airport - 48 kms
News & Updates
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HMH Hospitality Management announced today the appointment of Laurent A. Voivenel as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the company...read more...
Guest Numbers & Revenue Show Steady Growth at Coral Beach Resort Sharjah
Following an awesome October when guest occupancy reached 95 per cent, management at the Coral Beach Resort Sharjah is predicting a strong...read more...


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Check out our 2013 Holiday Gift Guide, win some awesome gadgets!
Our 2013 Holiday Gift Guide is in full swing - we are adding our recommendations daily, aimed at men, women, teens, families, techies, and more. If you need help figuring out what to get the people in your life, head on over to our Guide for some ideas. We'll even be giving away some of the items featured this year!
First up? We're giving away an iPad mini, Rdio subscriptions, and more!
Latest Gear Live Videos
Tuesday April 26, 2005 2:16 pm
Samba 3G Dual Band CDMA/EV-DO USB Modem
Samba is currently working on perfecting an EV-DO USB modem which would allow those who don't want to purchase a PMCIA card to access an EV-DO networks to still get online using their laptop. Of course, if you have a 12-inch PowerBook like I do, then you don't even have a slot to put the standard EV-DO card into. This CDMA/EV-DO device supports 800 Mhz and 1900 Mhz bands and data rates up to 2.4 mbps. I cannot tell you how much I would like to see this hit the market.
(Thanks Michael!)
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Short Story: Crab Apple
This is a young adult story and is suitable for teenagers.
"I saw her first the day I found Dad on the kitchen floor. The new girl. The wild girl…"
When Josh's dad falls ill with lung cancer and a strange new girl appears at his school, Josh has to face up to two frightening threats. They may be more closely linked than he realises.
Crab Apple is available as an ebook from Amazon.
Crab Apple
I saw her first the day I found Dad on the kitchen floor. The new girl. The wild girl.
At first I thought Dad had been drinking again. There were beer cans scattered across the floor. But the cans were still full, and I couldn't smell alcohol.
There was something strange about the way Dad was lying. He was too still. His stick-thin arms and legs were sprawled loosely across the tiles. I thought for a moment he was dead.
He was still breathing, though, a wheezy, tight sound, as though a plastic whistle was stuck in his throat. He didn't wake when I shook him.
I'd begun taking first aid classes at school when Dad started losing weight and coughing. There was no one else at home to help. But they had never shown us how to deal with this. I put him in the recovery position and called an ambulance.
The girl was there when I went outside to wait for the ambulance. She was squatted on our garden wall like a wild-haired monkey. She had on a dirty white T-shirt and shorts that showed scratched legs. I guessed she was about fourteen, the same age as me. Her eyes were as brown as oak and her cheeks were freckled and sunburnt. There were leaves in her tangled hair.
"What's your name?" she said. "You, what's your name?"
"Josh," I said.
"Joshua," she laughed. "Stupid name."
She winked down at me. Her grin was as wide as her face.
Then she leapt from the wall and dashed away up the hill, her wild hair streaming behind her like a comet's tail. I watched her disappear.
In the distance I heard the ambulance siren approaching.
Continue reading Crab Apple as an ebook from Amazon.
Free Online
Listen to podcast of Crab Apple free online in Pseudopod.
Publication Details
First published in Realms of Fantasy, February 2005.
Republished in Year's Best Fantasy # 6, Ed. David G. Hartwell and Kathryn Kramer.
Republished in Faeries, Issue 22 (French translation).
Republished in Pseudopod, Issue 56, 21 September 2007 (as a podcast).
There are two stories here, each gently dancing around the other. In the first, Samphire handles a child's reactions to the serious illness of his only remaining parent with extraordinary finesse... Samphire really does a beautiful job with this short piece.
- Bluejack, Internet Review of Science Fiction.
Read full review.
Patrick Samphire effectively mixes thoroughly contemporary conflicts with traditional fairy fantasy.
- Science Fiction Romance.
...a nice, subtle faerie tale about hope and embracing the wildness inside us.
- James Palmer, Tangent Online.
Read full review.
... an interesting story with nice parallels between Josh's dad and the "father" figure of the Crab...
- David Roy.
Read full review.
Voici un joli conte, Le pommier de Crabtree de Patrick Samphire, où deux enfants vont se sauver l'un l'autre... Beaucoup d'émotions dans ce texte où la féérie se mêle délicatement à la réalité. (Review of French translation of the story; I have no idea what this means. Hopefully it's something good...)
'Crab Apple' by Patrick Samphire is a deep, subtle story. At the same time that the narrator's father is battling cancer, he meets a wild girl who claims to live in a tree. It is a story of helplessness and hope.
- Pauline Morgan, SF Crowsnest.
Read full review.
The story illustration is by Melissa Ferreira.


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Handmade Expressions
Handmade Expressions is a company that strives to reduce poverty in the world by following fair trade practices. They deal directly with artisans in India to bring beautiful, artistic handicrafts to the US market. Their US team is based in Austin, TX and they are a member of the Fair Trade Federation. Many of their products such as shopping bags, jewelry, scarves and other accessories are available in Norman at the Sam Noble Museum of Natural History Gift Shop. Visit the Handmade Expressions website to see their complete product line and drop by the museum gift shop to check them out!
1 comment:
- ckaram said...
Thanks so much for the feature! We absolutely love these Eco-shopper bags. They are actually our best sellers. They are made from a traditional Indian art called wood-block printing using all-natural, vegetable dyes. To learn more about the artisan group that makes these bags and to see other products made by them, you can visit the Handmade Expressions website! http://www.handmadeexpressions.net/collections/wood-block-printing-group-fair-trade
- August 31, 2009 at 10:36 AM
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