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The Poem (Masterplots, Fourth Edition)
In Heaven, Lucifer, unable to abide the supremacy of God, leads a revolt against divine authority. Defeated, he and his followers are cast into Hell, where they lie nine days on a burning lake. Lucifer, now called Satan, arises from the flaming pitch and vows that all is not lost, that he will have revenge for his downfall. Arousing his legions, he reviews them under the canopy of Hell and decides his purposes can be achieved by guile rather than by force.
Under the direction of Mulciber, the forces of evil build an elaborate palace, Pandemonium, in which Satan convenes a congress to decide on immediate action. At the meeting, Satan reasserts the unity of those fallen and opens the floor to debate regarding what measures should be taken. Moloch advises war. Belial recommends a slothful existence in Hell. Mammon proposes peacefully improving Hell so that it might rival Heaven in splendor. His motion is received with great favor until Beelzebub, second in command, rises and informs the conclave that God has created Earth, which he has peopled with good creatures called humans. It is Beelzebub's proposal to investigate this new creation, seize it, and seduce its inhabitants to the cause of the fallen angels.
Announcing that he will journey to Earth to learn for himself how matters are there, Satan flies to the gate of Hell. There he encounters his daughter, Sin, and his son, Death. They open the gate, and Satan wings his way toward Earth.
...(The entire section is 1105 words.)
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Places Discussed (Cyclopedia of Literary Places)
Heaven. Unlike the other places described by Milton in Paradise Lost, the scenes in heaven are not memorable for their physical description. When God the Father and his Son Jesus speak in book 3, they do so from the heights of Heaven. All the speaker asserts about the scene of this dialogue is that it is high above both Earth and Hell, and that it is bathed in celestial light. God's throne is mentioned, along with the choirs of angels surrounding it, but traditional images of clouds and stars are absent. The book opens with Milton's famous hymn to light, and the overall effect is the repeated emphasis on the brilliance of the empyrean, the highest heaven which, in the medieval cosmology surviving in Milton's day, was the home of God and the angels.
Hell. The underworld into which the rebel angels fall in book 1 of Milton's epic is the first fully visualized scene. After describing the precipitous fall of Satan and his cohorts amid the chaos of floods and whirlwinds, Milton has the demons remark on how different this place appears in comparison with the Heaven from which they have come. Just as Heaven is characterized mostly by light in book 3, Hell is known by its dimness. Even flames give forth no light, and there is no land, though Milton teases the reader's visual imagination by speaking of lakes of liquid fire and lands of solid fire. Specific locations within Hell include its...
(The entire section is 591 words.)
Historical Context
The English Civil Wars, Interregnum, and Restoration
The civil wars of the 1640s in England were rooted in the conflicts between Charles I and his Parliament in the 1620s and the policies which were instituted in the 1630s, when Charles ruled without Parliament. His religious policies were resented: the apparently weakened stance regarding Catholics incensed the Puritans, as did the emphasis on the prayer book and its procedures, which curtailed the development of new religious practises and observances. In 1640-1642, a new Parliament was called which attempted religious and political reform, ultimately resulting in the first Civil War (1642-1646), which pitted king against parliament. The war was disorganized, and its outcome was determined not primarily by military factors, but by economic, religious, and political factors. The heavy taxation, extreme religious reform, and wide powers granted to parliamentary agents led to the second Civil War (1647-1649), which was primarily a revolt of the provinces against centralization and military rule, and which culminated in the beheading of Charles in 1649.
From 1649 to 1660, the period known as the Interregnum, England was a republic (though not a democracy). Cromwell governed from 1653 to 1658 as Lord Protector and Head of State. He saw England as representing God's chosen people, working towards a Promised Land where Church and State would be as one. His religious radicalism led to...
(The entire section is 1176 words.)
Book 1 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. What is Milton's main purpose or theme of his epic poem?
2. What is the setting of the opening scene of the poem?
3. Who is next in command to the archangel Satan?
4. What is Satan's attitude in the beginning of the poem?
5. In what way does Milton's enumeration of his fallen angels resemble Homer's Iliad?
6. Who leads the fallen angels to dig for gold in Hell? Why?
7. What is the name of the temple that rose out of the ground in Hell?
8. According to Milton, what had many of the pagan gods been before the history of Man?
9. What are Milton's basic sources for Paradise Lost?
10. What is the plan of action for the fallen angels and their leaders at the end of Book I?
1. Milton intends to "justify the ways of God to men."
2. Satan and his angels are chained to the burning lake of fire in Hell.
3. Beelzebub is next in command to Satan.
4. Satan is sure that, in spite of his present state in Hell, he will never bow to God.
5. The list of Milton's fallen angels is an epic convention that resembles the catalogue of ships in Homer's Iliad.
6. Mammon leads the fallen angels to dig for gold in Hell. He wants Hell to equal Heaven in riches.
7. The...
(The entire section is 293 words.)
Book 2 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. What does Moloch propose at the devilish council?
2. How does Belial's proposal compare to Moloch's?
3. What is Mammon's argument at the council?
4. Who is Beelzebub, and what does he propose?
5. Who volunteers to go alone to spy on God's new creation?
6. What is the volunteer's true motive for his seemingly sacrificial act of exploring God's new world?
7. Who does Satan meet at the gates of Hell?
8. Where did the barking Hell-hounds originate?
9. After which classical figure does Milton pattern the character of Sin?
10. Whom does Satan meet as he travels through the vast Abyss on his way to Earth?
1. Moloch proposes open war and is willing to risk annihilation in the attempt at armed conflict to avenge God.
2. Belial opposes Moloch's plan. He advocates peace at all costs, reasoning that God might soften their punishment if they do not provoke him further.
3. Mammon wants to stay in Hell where he will be free of God. He chooses "hard liberty" rather than the "easy yoke" of servility.
4. Beelzebub is the mouthpiece for Satan himself. He proposes a plan to avenge God through his new creation, Man.
5. Satan volunteers to go to Earth to spy on God's new race.
6. Satan is interested in his own honor...
(The entire section is 289 words.)
Book 3 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. What is the symbolic significance of the image of light in Book III?
2. Why is God referred to as "unapproached light"?
3. Whom does God point out to the Son as their dialogue begins?
4. Who answers God's call for a volunteer to die for Man's sins?
5. What is Jacob's ladder in the biblical account?
6. How does Satan's attitude toward God compare to Jacob's as they each view the "stairway to Heaven"?
7. Who is Uriel? What does Satan ask of him?
8. Why does Satan disguise himself when he meets Uriel?
9. Why does the poet lament the fact that he finds "no dawn"?
10. Why does the poet compare himself to Homer (Maeonides)?
1. The image of light represents the essence of God because "God is light."
2. God is "unapproached light" because no man has seen, nor is able to see Him.
3. God points to Satan who is nearing the wall of Heaven. God perceives Satan's plan of revenge that will cause Man to fall.
4. The Son offers to go down to Earth and become a man who will give his life as a ransom for Man's sin.
5. In a dream, Jacob sees a ladder that leads to Heaven with angels ascending and descending.
6. Jacob is filled with fear and reverence...
(The entire section is 275 words.)
Book 4 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. What does Satan feel is his greatest fault?
2. How does Satan feel about his own free will?
3. Where does Satan (in the form of a bird) alight when he first enters Paradise?
4. What is God's only prohibition to Adam and Eve in the garden?
5. Which mythological character does Milton allude to in Eve's story of her first day on Earth?
6. In what forms does Satan appear in Paradise in Book IV.
7. Where do Adam and Eve sleep in Paradise?
8. How does Uriel travel from his post in the sun to Paradise when he comes to warn Gabriel about an evil spirit that is loose?
9. What does Satan tell Gabriel when he is asked why he has left Hell?
10. Why does Satan finally leave Paradise?
1. Satan feels that his pride and ambition have brought him down to his miserable state.
2. Satan feels that he has been created free to fall.
3. Satan alights in the Tree of Life as a cormorant or bird.
4. God prohibits Adam and Eve to eat the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge.
5. Eve's story, recalling her love for her own reflection, alludes to the classical myth of Narcissus.
6. Satan appears as a cormorant (bird) in the Tree of Life, a lion and tiger among the beasts, and a toad at Eve's ear.
7. Adam and Eve sleep in a bower...
(The entire section is 273 words.)
Book 5 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. Who is responsible for the evil nature of Eve's dream?
2. What does Eve's dream foreshadow?
3. How does Adam comfort Eve after her frightening dream?
4. Who is asked to join Adam and Eve in their morning praise to God?
5. What kind of food does Eve prepare for Raphael?
6. To whom does Raphael allude when he greets Eve with "Hail Mother of Mankind"?
7. Who has no superior to obey in the "scale of Nature"?
8. Why does Satan rebel against God?
9. Who speaks against Satan when he gathers his legions of angels in the North of Heaven to convince them to rebel against God?
10. How does Satan answer his sole disbeliever's accusation that he is not obeying his creator?
1. Satan has come to Eve in the form of a toad and has attempted to reach "the organs of her fancy."
2. Eve's dream foreshadows Satan's temptation of Eve and her consequent fall.
3. Adam tells her that evil can come and go in the mind and leave no trace of its presence.
4. Adam and Eve call on the planets, elements, trees, birds, beasts, and angels to join them in their praise of God.
5. Eve prepares the choicest fruits of Paradise for Raphael, their guest.
6. Raphael alludes to Mary, the mother of Jesus. Eve is literally the Mother of...
(The entire section is 269 words.)
Book 6 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. Who commends Abdiel for opposing Satan and his legions of angels?
2. What is Abdiel's definition of servitude?
3. Who is the leader of God's angels in the war in Heaven?
4. Which side uses gunpowder in the war in Heaven?
5. Which side picks up mountains and uses them as weapons?
6. Why does neither of the armies win the war?
7. Who is sent to end the war and drive Satan and his angels out of Heaven?
8. For how many days do Satan and his angels fall?
9. Who is the narrator for the story of the war in Heaven?
10. What does the narrator warn Adam about?
1. God commends Abdiel for speaking against Satan and bearing the reproach of the multitudes.
2. Abdiel tells Satan that servitude is to serve an unwise leader (namely Satan) who has rebelled against a natural superior.
3. Michael is the leader of God's angels in the war.
4. Satan's troops use gunpowder against the angels who have been victorious up to that point.
5. Michael's angels pick up mountains and throw them at their opponents.
6. Both armies were created equal and cannot win. The war would have gone on indefinitely if God had not intervened.
7. God sends the Son to end the war and drive Satan and his angels out of Heaven.
8. Satan...
(The entire section is 245 words.)
Book 7 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. What is the name of the poet's muse?
2. What does the poet mean when he says that it is the meaning, not the name of the muse that he is calling forth?
3. What does God plan to do to repair the loss of Satan and his angels in Heaven?
4. Who is appointed by God to perform the act of creation?
5. Had the light appeared before the sun?
6. When is the firmament created and what is it later called?
7. On which day of creation does dry land appear?
8. Besides Man, what else is created on the sixth day?
9. What do God, the Son, and the angels in Heaven do on the Sabbath?
10. What happens when the Son reaches the gates of Heaven?
1. The poet's muse is named Urania, the muse of astronomy.
2. The poet associates the meaning of the muse with the God of the Scriptures but names Urania from classical mythology.
3. God plans to create a new race called Man to eventually fill the vacancy in Heaven.
4. The Son is appointed to create the universe.
5. God calls forth the light before the sun is created.
6. The firmament is created on the second day, and it is called Heaven.
7. Dry land appears on the third day.
8. The beasts of the field rise up out of the dust on the sixth day. Insects, worms, snakes, and...
(The entire section is 268 words.)
Book 8 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. What is Raphael's answer to Adam's question about the superfluous number of celestial bodies that serve only Earth?
2. What does Adam think is the primary purpose of the celestial bodies?
3. What does Adam see in his first moments of life?
4. Why are Adam and the sun important to each other?
5. What is the first thing that Adam wants to find after his creation?
6. What is an example of free will in Book VIII?
7. How did God create Eve?
8. What happens to Adam when he observes Eve's loveliness?
9. What warning does Raphael give Adam about his wisdom concerning Eve?
10. What is Raphael's last warning to Adam before he goes back to Heaven?
1. Raphael tells Adam to concern himself only with his life and leave other worlds to God.
2. Adam thinks the primary purpose of the celestial bodies is "to officiate light."
3. Adam sees the sun that is drying his "balmy sweat."
4. Adam needs the sun for warmth just as the sun needs Adam to fulfill its purpose.
5. The first thing Adam wants to find is his creator.
6. Free will is seen in Adam's complaint about his own solitude.
7. Eve was formed from one of Adam's ribs.
8. Adam's passion takes over his reason when Eve appears.
(The entire section is 244 words.)
Book 9 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. Why is Book IX a central part of the epic poem?
2. What constitutes the climax of Paradise Lost ?
3. In what way is Book IX the turning point of the epic?
4. What is Adam and Eve's tragic catastrophe?
5. How does the reader feel purged of his/her own emotional conflicts through the narrative?
6. Where has Satan been hiding for the last seven days?
7. How does Satan enter Paradise?
8. Why is Eve alone on the day of her temptation and fall?
9. According to the Serpent, what will be the effects of eating the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge?
10. What are the effects of the fall on Adam and Eve?
1. Book IX is central to the poem because it contains the climax of the action.
2. The climax of Paradise Lost is "Man's first disobedience" or the fall of Adam and Eve.
3. In Book IX the tone is changed to tragic. All subsequent actions will be affected by the tragic fall in Book IX.
4. Adam and Eve have lost their immortality and will be removed from Paradise.
5. The reader feels purged of his/her own emotional conflicts (sins) by empathizing with the tragic hero.
6. Satan has been traveling within the dark shadow of the Earth.
7. Satan enters Paradise through the underground fountain of the...
(The entire section is 264 words.)
Book 10 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. Who is sent from Heaven to judge Adam and Eve after the fall?
2. What is Adam and Eve's punishment for their disobedience to God?
3. How does the Son judge the Serpent (Satan) for tempting Eve?
4. What do Sin and Death do to make Earth more accessible?
5. What will Eve's descendants do to the Serpent's offspring?
6. Who helps to bring Adam out of the depths of despair?
7. How does Death feel about his new empire on Earth?
8. What does Discord do on Earth after the fall?
9. What happens to Satan and his fallen angels when he arrives in Hell?
10. What happens to the fruit that is eaten by the serpents in Hell?
1. God sends the Son to judge Adam and Eve after the fall.
2. Eve will bear the pain of childbirth and the subjection to her husband's will. Adam will labor by the sweat of his brow to earn his bread.
3. The Serpent will crawl on his belly and eat dust for the rest of his days.
4. Sin and Death pave a highway for easier access from Hell
to Earth.
5. The descendants of Eve will destroy the Serpent's evil offspring.
6. Eve asks Adam to forgive her and volunteers to take all the blame which brings Adam out of his despair.
7. Death says he would be equally as happy in Hell, Earth, or Heaven...
(The entire section is 283 words.)
Book 11 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. Who is sent to Earth to tell Adam and Eve about their expulsion from Paradise?
2. In what form does Michael appear on Earth?
3. What is Adam's reaction when he is told that he must leave Paradise?
4. According to Michael, where can God be found?
5. Where is Eve while Adam and Michael discuss future events?
6. What method does Michael use to reveal the future to Adam?
7. Who are the two just men from the Bible who stand alone in Book XI?
8. What is Adam's first real example of Death in the vision?
9. What is a lazer-house?
10. Why does God send the rainbow to Noah after the flood?
1. The archangel Michael is sent to Earth to break the sad news of Adam and Eve's expulsion from Paradise.
2. Michael appears on Earth in the form of a man dressed in military attire.
3. Adam reacts with shocked silence at first but soon tells Michael that his greatest regret is leaving God.
4. Michael tells Adam that God is omnipresent and will be on the plain as well as in Paradise.
5. Michael has put Eve into a deep sleep.
6. Michael presents visions of biblical history to Adam to reveal the future of the World.
7. Two biblical examples of men who stand alone against the crowd are Noah and Enoch.
8. Adam's...
(The entire section is 270 words.)
Book 12 Questions and Answers
Study Questions
1. What approach does Michael use to explain how the world will be restored?
2. Which seventeenth-century monarch can be compared to the character of Nimrod from the Bible?
3. Besides an empire, what did Nimrod build?
4. Who is the first leader of the mighty nation of Israel?
5. Who is sent to deliver the nation of Israel out of captivity?
6. Who is the enemy of the Israelites?
7. What becomes of Solomon's people?
8. Who baptizes the first believers after Christ's death?
9. Where is Eve while Michael is talking to Adam?
10. Who accompanies Michael as he leads Adam and Eve out of Paradise?
1. Michael uses the method of narration to explain the restoration of a sinful world to Adam.
2. Most commentators feel that Milton was equating Charles I to Nimrod.
3. Nimrod built the Tower of Babel.
4. Abraham is the first leader of Israel.
5. Moses is sent to deliver the nation of Israel out of captivity.
6. Pharaoh and the Egyptians are the enemies of Moses and the Israelites.
7. Solomon's people are taken into captivity by the Babylonians.
8. The Apostles baptize the first believers after Christ's death.
9. Eve has been sleeping while...
(The entire section is 214 words.)
Literary Style
Subject Matter
The standard definition of an epic, or heroic poem, is that it is a ''noble story told in noble verse'' (Hutson and McCoy, Epics of the Western World, p. 7), a continuous narrative concerning a heroic person from history or tradition. The epic uses historical and mythological material to exemplify a truth which is greater than both. The subject of an epic poem is to be a story which both delights and instructs, embodying the cultural and moral ideals of its time but with universal implications.
Milton chooses an unusual subject for his great epic poem, ostensibly shunning ''Wars, hitherto the only Argument / Heroic deem'd" (IX.28-9), in favor of the sad task of relating an "argument / Not less but more Heroic than the wrath / Of Stern Achilles on his Foe pursu'd / Thrice Fugitive about Troy Wall" (DC 13-15). The "higher argument" which Milton chooses is the story of the Creation, Fall, and Redemption of humankind, combining the epic conventions of high moral purpose with the conviction that in presenting a Biblical theme, he is also representing a higher truth. The fate of humankind thus becomes the unifying force of the poem, as Milton presents the ideals of private virtue and public rectitude by exploring both the nobility and weakness of fallen humanity.
Poetic Style and Techniques
Milton's dramatic and magnificent manipulation of language in Paradise Lost...
(The entire section is 1036 words.)
Compare and Contrast
1642-1660: The English civil wars resulted in an Interregnum, during which England was a republic, although not a democracy, ruled by Parliament alone. In 1660, the republic collapsed and the monarchy was restored.
1700s: The late eighteenth century saw the French Revolution and the American Revolution both of which sought to establish republics in the place of monarchies. The French Revolution was a civil war which toppled the French monarchy. The American Revolution was the revolt of a colony against England, and while the English monarchy survived intact, its colonies in what became the United States were lost.
Late twentieth century: England is governed by a democratically elected parliament. Although the monarchy survives, the Queen, as head-of-state, has little real political power.
1600s: The seventeenth century saw scientific advances which included William Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood, Isaac Newton's theory of gravity, and developments in chemistry (Robert Boyle) and geology (Robert Hooke). Science was only just beginning to be seen as a discipline divorced from theology and philosophy, based on empirical observation of ''objective fact'' rather than metaphysical speculation about "truth."
(The entire section is 529 words.)
Topics for Further Study
Milton presents the political consequences of the Fall in Michael's preview of human history (Book XII). Discuss this presentation in light of the Restoration of the monarchy in England and the political controversies surrounding the debate concerning the merits of monarchy vs. republic.
Discuss Raphael's admonition to Adam concerning the limitations of human knowledge and his discouragement of Adam's inquiries into the movements of the heavenly spheres (Book VIII) in light of the advancements in science and the new "scientific" attitudes towards knowledge in the seventeenth century.
Research the philosophical trend towards rationalism in the seventeenth century, and then discuss Milton's view of the Fall as a failure of reason and obedience, rather than as an acquisition of "forbidden knowledge."
Book I, in part, describes the building of Pandemonium. Book IX describes the tending of Eden and the consequences of the Fall for nature. Both descriptions associate sin and the Fall with a disrupted natural affinity for the earth and the introduction of an indifference to the planet, which results in its ''wounding." Discuss this in light of present-day arguments for humanity's responsibility toward environmental preservation.
(The entire section is 186 words.)
Media Adaptations
Paradise Lost has never been adapted as a film or play. However, it is discussed in the video Milton and 17th-century Poetry (Films for the Humanities and Sciences, Princeton N.J.).
The story of the garden of Eden is included in the film The Bible—In the Beginning (1966), directed by John Huston and produced by Dino DeLaurentis, starring Ulla Bergryd as Eve and Michael Parks as Adam.
There is a reference to Paradise Lost in the 1967 Star Trek episode ''Space Seed.'' Ricardo Montalban portrays Kahn (who resurfaces in the movie Star Trek II: The Wrath of Kahn), a eugenically enhanced human who flees earth after leading an unsuccessful revolt of "supermen" like himself. Having taken him aboard the Enterprise, Kirk offers Kahn and his "rebel angels" the choice of exile on an untamed and uninhabited planet or returning to earth to face trial. Kahn chooses exile, referring to Satan's statement that it is "Better to reign in hell, than serve in heav'n." This is consistent with the theme explored in other Star Trek episodes, such as "The Apple," "Return of the Archons," and "This Side of Paradise"—that if there is a paradise, unredeemed humanity does not belong there. The devil's work is presented in four periods, one of which is the temptation of Adam and Eve in Eden, in Luigi Maggi's film Satan—or the Drama of Humanity (1912).
Paradise Lost is an...
(The entire section is 337 words.)
What Do I Read Next?
Paradise Regained (1671) is the sequel to Paradise Lost, in which Milton explores the temptation of Christ in the wilderness in order to show how redemption is achieved through the reversal of Adam's disobedience by Christ's obedience.
Bitterly disappointed in his own first marriage, in 1643 Milton published The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, arguing that poor marriages should be dissolved. This essay provides an interesting contrast to the view of Adam and Eve's conjugal bliss in Paradise Lost.
Of Education (1644) is a treatise in which Milton explores the contribution of education to mankind's ability to withstand temptation, examining many of the issues which resurface in the treatment of the temptation in Paradise Lost.
Areopagitica (1644) is a treatise calling for freedom of the press and the removal of censorship. Here Milton develops many of the ideas concerning reason and knowledge developed in Paradise Lost, particularly the interdependence between the knowledge of good and evil and the folly of considering any knowledge "forbidden."
Samson Agonistes (1671) is a verse drama in which Milton portrays the story of Samson and Delilah in true tragic style. The...
(The entire section is 238 words.)
Bibliography and Further Reading
Adams, Robert M. and George M. Logan, eds. ''The Seventeenth Century'' in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, 6th ed., Vol. I, Norton, 1993.
Provides a good introduction to both the period and the poem, situating Paradise Lost in the context of Milton's life and works, the seventeenth century as a whole, and the epic tradition.
Berry, Boyd M., Process of Speech: Puritan Religious Writings and Paradise Lost, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.
Discusses Paradise Lost in the context of the English Civil Wars and Puritan ideology. He compares the battle scenes in heaven to the unheroic Puritan militarism of Cromwell's troops
Chnstensen, Inger, '"Thy Great Deliverer': Christian Hero and Epic Convention in John Milton's Paradise Lost and C S. Lewis's Perelandra ," in Excursions in Fiction, Kennedy, Andrew and Overland, Orm (eds), pp. 68-88, Novus, 1994.
Compares the presentation of the epic hero and the epic form in Paradise Lost to C. S. Lewis's science fiction trilogy, especially Perelandra.
Daiches, David, Milton, Hutchinson and Co., 1957.
Provides an excellent introduction to Milton's major works, including a general overview and reading of Paradise Lost.
DuRocher, Richard J., "Dante, Milton and the Art of Visual Speech," Comparative Literature...
(The entire section is 1775 words.)
Bibliography (Cyclopedia of Literary Characters, Revised Third Edition)
Sources for Further Study
Broadbent, John Barclay. Some Graver Subject: An Essay on "Paradise Lost." New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1960. Serves as an excellent introduction to Paradise Lost. Acknowledging the difficulties of reading the poem, Broadbent systematically analyzes and explains Milton's meanings.
Danielson, Dennis, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Milton. 1989. 2d ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Essays by scholars and critics, with a useful bibliography.
Gardner, Helen. A Reading of "Paradise Lost." New York: Oxford University Press, 1965. Focuses on reading the poem with a twentieth century sensibility, including discussion of twentieth century Milton criticism.
Kelley, Maurice. This Great Argument: A Study of Milton's "De Doctrina Christiana" as a Gloss upon "Paradise Lost." Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1941. According to reviewer A. S. P. Woodhouse, "For the student of the history of thought the volume is a clear and useful compendium of Milton's opinions on a large range of theological topics. . . . Kelley demonstrates in detail . . . that many of [Christian Doctrine's] doctrines are reflected in Paradise Lost."
Kranidas, Thomas, ed. New...
(The entire section is 453 words.)
Source: Epics for Students, ©2013 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: MAXnotes to Paradise Lost, ©2000 Research and Education Association, Inc.. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: Cyclopedia of Literary Places, ©2003 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
Source: Cyclopedia of Literary Characters, Revised Third Edition, ©1998 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
Source: Masterplots, Fourth Edition, ©2010 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.


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As a software consultant, one must be able to accurately estimate the amount of time needed for a software project, because the clients demand it anyway. But we all know how complex software development is, and we all know the tendency of software developers to underestimate the amount of effort needed, and overestimate their abilities to deliver the solution just-in-time.
So, if you were a software consultant who is billing your client on complete project basis( i.e., you have to come up with an estimate and then bill based on that), what would you do, if you found that the initial quote you delivered were way too optimistic, and that you needed twice the amount of time (or more) you estimated in order to deliver the solution?


text:
Enjoyed a modestly slump-busting 8-7 mark against the spread last week, highlighted by Texans-with-points in my Upset of the Week call (Aawwk!) and a rare exact score bulls-eye in Packers 31-13 win. Make no mistake, though. Im still trying to crawl up out of the commode for the season. I dont kid myself. This isnt just a rough start; not with the NFL bearing down on midseason. This is just plainly an off-year so far. My .561 winning percentage overall and my .397 vs. the betting line both are on pace to be my worst ever across 23 seasons doing this. Avoiding the shame of that double ignominy is what drives me now. It may be time to consider steroids. [Note: Thursday-game pick was Panthers (-6) over Buccaneers, 24-16].
Overall | Pct | Vs. spread | Pct. | |
Last week | 8-7 | .533 | 8-7 | .533 |
Season | 60-47 | .561 | 40-62-5 | .397 |
Final 2012 | 166-89-1 | .651 | 114-120-22 | .488 |
Line: NE by 7
Cotes pick: NE 24-20
TV: 1 p.m., CBS (airing in South Florida)
First things first. The Patriots arent scary. Games at New England used to be, but no more. Not with Tom Bradys passer rating sputtering at a mediocre 75.3. Not with injuries disheveling Bill Belichicks defense to the point even the Jets rang up 30 on em last week. Three of the Pats wins have been by a combined eight points. Yes, this is a beatable team, even up there, and Miami will keep it close and has a medium-to-large outright upset shot. (Get ready. Here comes the but). But having Rob Gronkowski back will drag Brady back into sync, a process that could accelerate Sunday against a Miami defense not renowned for defending tight ends very well. The Pats havent stopped being a strong home team, either. Theyre 3-0 at The Fox this year, and on a 13-0 home run in AFC East games. Also, Team Hoodie has won six straight in this series, three straight losses have staggered the visitors confidence, and now error-prone Ryan Tannehill seven INTs, four lost fumbles is playing with his right shoulder at less than 100 percent. Pats may be far from a juggernaut, but theyre still playoff-strong, and Foxborough remains a tough place for teams still trying to figure things out to get well.
Line: DET by 3
Cotes pick: DAL 31-27
TV: 1 p.m., FOX
I know. What a lame Game of the Week! youre thinking. Hey, I cant help that Week 8 is light on heavyweight bouts. Is it my fault this is one of only two games (Jets-Bengals) in which both teams have winning records? Give this game its props. Tony Romo and Matthew Stafford make an entertaining shootout likely, and we have a neat little subplot in Dez Bryant saying this week, of Calvin Johnson, I can do whatever he can do. Ill like Dezs chances better if Calvin is out injured, which I sort of prefer, given my pick here. Upset! Cowboys a nifty 6-1 against the spread this year, and Romo has 300-plus yards in three straight wins over Motown. Make it four, please.
Line: ARI by 2.5
Cotes pick: ATL 23-20
TV: 4:25 p.m., FOX
AAWWK! booms the Upset Bird, soaring over the landscape dressed as a businessman, his Halloween outfit. Bird Bowl! Atlantaaawwwk! I am not sure the Falcons, traveled across country, will beat Arizona. Im MORE sure that Cardinals QB Carson Palmer, of the 11 interceptions in his past five games, will beat Arizona. Two erratic teams make this a dicey call, but I like Steven Jackson, likely back from injury, vs. a Cacti run-D that has struggled lately. Need some INTs from Palmer, agrees a nodding U-Bird. Carson Pickmore. Paaawwwk!


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I'm not working this week, but I thought I'd note that RFC 7081 was published today, providing guidelines for dual-stack SIP/XMPP software and services. Many thanks to Emil Ivov and Enrico Marocco for working on this document with me, and thanks also to the many software developers and service operators who provided feedback regarding our recommendations. And hey, now I've had RFCs published in the 3000's, 4000's, 5000's, 6000's, and 7000's, with another ~15 on the way in the next year or so.
Almost 15 years have passed since my friend Jeremie Miller released the initial version of the jabberd IM server, launching the Jabber open-source community and the technology we know today as XMPP. Yet, all that time, hop-by-hop encryption using SSL/TLS has been optional on the XMPP network. A number of server operators and software developers in the XMPP community have decided that needs to change for the better. Based on discussions at the XMPP Summit last week in Portland, Oregon, I have drafted a plan for upgrading the XMPP network to always-on, mandatory, ubiquitous encryption. You can find it here:
In short: we owe it to those who use XMPP technologies to improve the security of the network (and thanks to Thijs Alkemade, we now have better ways to test such security, using the newly-launched "IM Observatory" at xmpp.net). Although we know that channel encryption is not the complete answer, it's the right thing to do because it will help to protect people's communications from prying eyes.
If you or your organization develop XMPP-compatible software or run a service that's connected to the XMPP network, I encourage you to sign the statement by following the instructions in the README at the URL shown above.
Over at The Atlasphere, Kurt Keefner has written a thought-provoking review of my book The Tao of Roark. What I like most is this: Kurt understands and appreciates that the book is best experienced more as a piece of music than as a discursive exposition. Some of this effect is achieved subconsciously, for in many places I built up the text from motifs and short phrases and even single words that appear in The Fountainhead, in ways that only someone intimately familiar with the novel would notice. Some of the effect is more obvious: the variations on the theme that I introduce early on, the repeated triads of individual, social, and spiritual analysis that I bring to the virtues in the middle section, the slow crescendo leading up to the end.
Thus The Tao of Roark is perhaps better absorbed by osmosis than analyzed intellectually. As Irfan Khawaja put it an earlier mini-review, I have "a unique take on Objectivism that has to be experienced ... to be experienced." (He also said that I'm "the ultimate way-out-of-the-movement-quasi-Objectivist"; I take that as a compliment!)
Far be it from me to say that this is the only way or even the best way to write and read philosophy. It is simply how this particular book turned out, perhaps because it gestated within me for so long and was written with ninety-proof ink. Yet I do think there is great value to be had in, as Kurt puts it, "giving the reader an experience of a sensibility" (or more fundamentally in giving the writer that experience). Poetry does that, too. And although The Tao of Roark is not a poem, there is nevertheless something poetic about it. I hope to achieve a similar effect with my next book, Songs of Zarathustra.
For older entries, check the archive. To track changes, follow the feed.
Peter Saint-Andre > Journal


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U.S. stocks finished up about 1% Tuesday, as investors breathed a delayed sigh of relief about Greece and were optimistic the Federal Reserve might act to boost the economy at the end of its two-day meeting .
"When bad news isn't as bad as you expected, the market reflects that," said Bruce McCain, chief investment strategist at Key Private Bank.
The Dow Jones industrial average rose 96 points, or 0.8%, the S&P 500 gained 13 points, or 1%, and the Nasdaq added 34 points, or 1.2%.
Sunday's election in Greece yielded a victory for the pro-bailout party and eased fears about the country exiting the euro. Investors are hopeful that Greek leaders will be able to form a coalition government, with the National Bank of Greece up 11% and Global X FTSE Greece 20 ETF up 6% at the close of European markets.
Financial shares were some of the biggest gainers Tuesday. "Bank stocks have been among the most sensitive to the overall trends," said McCain. "Clearly money is moving back toward the risk sector."
Shares of JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Citigroup were up between 2% and 5%.
Investors are also optimistic that the Federal Reserve's two-day meeting, which ends Wednesday, will produce another round of bond buying, plans to continue its so-called Operation Twist, or some other type of stimulus.
"What we're seeing today foretells the way the rest of the week is going to go," said Doug Cote, chief market strategist at ING Investment Management. "Since we're expecting to see supportive policy out of the U.S. and maybe even out of Europe, the market will get even better."
Stocks saw a similar rise after the last Fed policy meeting in April, with the Dow rising about 350 points in the week after the April 24 meeting. But the boost didn't last; the Dow erased most of its gains by May 7, falling back 270 points.
As fears of an imminent Greek exit from the euro recede, banking and debt worries in Spain have moved into greater focus. Spain's 10-year yield remained above 7% Tuesday, heightening worries that the country will need a bailout
Leaders of the Group of 20 nations were concluding a meeting in Mexico on Tuesday. Europe is at the top of the agenda, though analysts aren't expecting any significant policy announcements.
U.S. stocks ended mixed Monday after a day of choppy trading following the election in Greece. But CNNMoney's Fear & Greed index showed investors' level of fear continued to lessen.
Economy: In May, home builders filed for building permits at the fastest pace since September 2008, the government reported Tuesday.
Permits came in at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 780,000, easily topping forecasts of 725,000 from economists surveyed by Briefing.com.
Housing starts, which are more affected by weather than permits, fell slightly to an annual rate of 708,000, a bit short of forecasts.
Companies: Shares of retailer JC Penney tumbled after the company announced late Monday that its president had left. Michael Francis was hired away from rival Target in October to lead Penney's marketing efforts, but in May the company announced disappointing sales that sent its share price sharply lower.
Business software maker Oracle made a surprise earnings announcement after the close Monday, announcing an operating profit of 82 cents a share and a $10 billion buyback. Shares finished the day up 3% on Tuesday.
Drugstore chain Walgreens announced Tuesday it was buying a 45% equity ownership stake in Alliance Boots, the Switzerland-based drug wholesaler that is a major global drugstore chain. Shares closed down 5% on the news.
JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon returned to Capitol Hill Tuesday to testify before the House Financial Services Committee about the bank's $2 billion trading loss. Dimon and regulators debated how institutions like JPMorgan should be monitored.
Dimon assured regulators that the bank "can be regulated" and that it is "not too big to fail."
FedEx reported earnings of $1.99 a share in its fiscal fourth quarter, excluding special items, topping forecasts. But its guidance for fiscal first-quarter earnings was below forecasts. Shares were up 3% in as markets closed.
Financial services firm Jefferies reported earnings of 31 cents a share, excluding special items, down from 36 cents a year earlier but topping forecasts.
Book retailer Barnes & Noble reported a quarterly loss of $1.08 a share, wider than the loss of $1.04 a share a year earlier.
Microsoft shares edged higher after the software maker unveiled a Windows tablet computer of its own design late Monday.
Shares of Pandora fell Tuesday after Spotify announced it was launching a free mobile radio app for Apple's iPhone, iPad and iPod touch.


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연인을 위한 스위스 호텔
The Hotel Schützen is located in the heart of the Jungfrau region, making it a good home base for skiing and hiking tours in the Bernese Alps.
The breathtaking views of the Eiger, Mönch and Jungfrau on the hotel's own doorstep are a perfect backdrop for all those in search of rest and relaxation. This is also a great place to stay for those wanting to see the Lauberhorn Ski Races or the Inferno Triathlon on the Schilthorn.
Hotel Schützen gives guests a taste of the Bernese Alps and of Switzerland at its most authentic.
호텔 상세정보
- - Radio in all rooms
- - Telephone in all rooms
- - T.V. in all rooms
- - Room with bathroom
- - Especially quiet rooms
- - Non-smoking hotel
- - Non-smoking rooms
- - Central location
- - Elevator
- - Public restaurant
- - Open deck/garden restaurant
- - Non-smoking tables
- - Grill restaurant
- - Restaurant with view
- - Whole foods cuisine
- - Bar
- - Public parking spots
- - Separate parking spots belonging to establishment
- - Meeting room
- - Reservations possible through travel agencies
- - Ideal hotel for biking excursions
- - Near train station
- - Near bus stop
- - Playground for children
- - parking lots to pay
- - adapter
- - Housekeeping Service
- - Smoke alarm
- - Terrace
- - Front Desk
- - Lounge
- - Wheelchair Accessible Elevators
- - Wake-Up Calls
Here, at the foot of the mighty trio, the Eiger, Mönch & Jungfrau, you are in the heart of the beautiful Bernese Oberland. In breathtaking natural surroundings with waterfalls, glaciers and unrivalled Alpine views – everything you could wish for. The Hotel Schützen is your perfect base, whether you want to experience famous annual events including the Lauberhorn World Cup Ski Races in Wengen, the Jungfrau Marathon, the open-air William Tell Theatre in Interlaken and the Inferno Triathlon on the Schilthorn, or have planned your holiday to ski, to winter-walk, to hike, bike or simply rest, relax and soak up the surroundings. Our location is also ideal for excursions by rail or road to Lucerne, Montreux, Bern and many other superb Swiss destinations.


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Sherlock Holmes Theatre Tour Trailer
24 September 2012
Doctor Who - Main Range, Sherlock Holmes, Dark Shadows - Audiobook, Doctor Who - Short Trips Special Offer, General Big Finish News, Stop Press
Sherlock Holmes - A Study in Fear, the stage play starring our own Nicholas Briggs as Sherlock Holmes, continues its UK tour. And for those of you who have not caught up with it yet, here's a teaser trailer.
Read More Day 7/12 Days of Big Finish Special Offer
30 December 2012
Doctor Who - Short Trips, Christmas Sale, BIG FINISH BARGAINS, Doctor Who - Short Trips Special Offer, Stop Press, General Big Finish News, Special Offers
On the seventh day of Christmas Big Finish offers you: Doctor Who: Short Trips volume 1 - £2.99 - download only for 48 hours.
Read More Page 1 of 1, showing 1 to 2 of 2 results


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Golden Phase Coney
Golden phase coney (Epinephelus fulvus) in the Little Cayman Island Marine Park. Taken August 1989
This image is available for non-commercial use with credit to the photographer. If you are interested in commercial use, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
To save the full sized image to your computer right click the Full Size link above (or control click on a Mac) and choose "Save Image As".


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D.B. Russell (Ted Danson, left) looks concerned when speaking to Captain Jim Brass (Paul Guilfoyle) as they both search for answers. Photo: Monty Brinton/CBS ©2012 CBS Broadcasting, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Sponsor a rider TODAY to help us achieve our vision of "Fighting Cancer Through Research".
Every year we are overwhelmed by the extra mile riders take to fundraise for FECRI. In 2013 we raised an amazing $121,495 - can we do better in 2014?
Great prizes`are on offer for riders who raises over $50.
Every $50 you raise is another ticket into the prize draw....
Institute Director of Research, Prof George Kannourakis highlighted the importance for the community to continue to support this great event. "The Classic has grown to be a high profile event within our community but it is imperative that the event continues to grow so that we can continue our research into a disease that still claims so many lives", Mr Kannourakis said.
For more information about the Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute,
please visit our website www.fecri.org.au
For more information about Fiona Elsey, the girl who inspired our research, check out this wonderful article in The Courier
THANK YOU for your support!!
Click here to view team list Click here to view individual rider list


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Super fast shipping, item exactly as described. Will purchase from this company again. ... read more
Family: Jefferson
Finish: Etruscan Bronze
Width: 39
Height: 12
Fixture Extension: 8.5
Chain Length: N/A
Wire Length: 8'
Glass Finish: Antique Marbled Glass.
Glass Diameter: 7
Glass Height: 4.5
Canopy/Backplate Dimensions: 6.25"Dia x 1.125"E
Fixture Wattage: 4 x 100W(M)
Total Wattage: 400W
Bulb Type: Incandescent, Type A
Bulb Included?: No
Fixture Application: Damp Location
Weight (lbs): N/A
Fixture Type: Bath Fixture
Energy Saver: No
Energy Star: No
Dark Sky: No
Title 24: No
Suggested Rooms: Bath
Style: Traditional
Material: Metal / Glass / Poly resin
Bath fixtures may be mounted with the glass facing up or down.
Sculpted arms have a rich decorative brace adding a touch of elegance Etruscan Bronze finish highlights the rich carved details Thick Antique Marbled glass Works with a variety of color schemes UL listed Damp location for use in bathroom or under an eave Provides a well diffused light over a vanity or mirror for grooming UL listed Damp location for use in bathroom or under an eave
*Free shipping on all Legrand orders. Free shipping on non-Legrand orders over $49. No sales tax except on orders to Missouri
eCommerce Design by Solid Cactus.


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Tough, wild and a bit rough, as Vlielanders we are proud of our own piece of unspoiled nature. That our nature is nothing in comparison with the magnificent wilderness of Iceland is something we are not ashamed of. Cold is really cold there, fierce is really fierce and tough really tough. Since 1926 66°NORTH focuses on the innovation of protective clothing under the most bizarre weather conditions. The Icelandic brand initially focused on the fishermen and laborers, but in 86 years it has become the fashion label of Iceland. On the one hand the national guards, police and extreme
outdoor athletes benefit of the superior quality, at the other hand 66 ° NORTH is known worldwide for his tough, exclusive designs and natural materials. The wild Icelandic environment is a constant inspiration and simultaneously serves as the ultimate method to test the quality of new products. 66°NORTH is focused in its original, authentic designs for a broad audience. Gentlemen, ladies, children and even toddlers can guard themselves with waterproof, breathable, durable, but stylish clothing against extreme Iceland. A fresh north-westerly storm on our beach of Vlieland is a breeze compared with that.


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Receivers & Amplifiers
Yamaha HTR-5640 6-Channel Digital Home Theater Receiver
"First off I would like to point out that this receiver came with a home theater in a box kit that included a 6.1 speaker setup which explains the high purchase price for this mid range receiver. This receiver features 6.1 discrete and matrix modes, digital and analog surround inputs, 24 dsp presets, 2 switched AC outlets, A/B switch, and a composite/ component video switcher. The best features..." --ikkuranus
Yamaha HTR-6280BL 7.2-Channel Digital Home Theater Receiver (Black)
Yamaha HTR-6280BL 7.2-Channel Digital Home Theater Receiver In Black
Yamaha RX-V575 7.1-Channel Network AV Receiver
"I have had the same old Sony 5.1 receiver for 10+ years until recent thunderstorms finally killed it. Great excuse to buy a new receiver. After returning a defective Denon 1913, I settled on this. Yamaha has a good reputation for well built products, and I have some 30+ year old Yamaha pro audio gear in the basement that will attest. Setup was easy. The binding posts give you a little more..." --CivilianDave
Yamaha RX-V675 7.2-Channel Network AV Receiver
"I wish this website had an option to retract a review." --systemBuilder2
Yamaha CX-A5000BL AVENTAGE 11.2-Channel AV Pre-Amplifier
Yamaha is proud to introduce the AVENTAGE CX-A5000 11.2-channel AV Pre-Amplifier. Standing at the pinnacle of the AVENTAGE Series of ultra-high performance components, the CX-A5000 combines fine craftsmanship, superb sound quality, unequalled sound realism, innovative technologies and enhanced controllability. When combining the CX-A5000 with the AVENTAGE MX-A5000 11-channel Power Amplifier...
Yamaha RX-S600 Home Theater Receiver
"Instead of asking you to read entire review, I am going to say right at the beginning that RX-S600 is receiver to consider for someone who: - is unable to fit most of standard height receivers - does not intend going beyond 5.1 speaker system - and appreciate Yamaha Cinema DSP functionality If all three apply, then you should read the rest. Because the receiver has typical commonly known audio..." --esdwa
Yamaha HTR-6180BL 735 Watt 7.1-Channel Home Theater Receiver
Channels: 7 RMS Output Power (20Hz - 20kHz): 105W x 7 RMS Output Power (1kHz) Total Power (20Hz - 20kHz): 735W Dolby TrueHD Dolby Digital EX/ Dolby Pro Logic IIx (Plus) DTS-HD Master Audio DTS-ES Discrete 6.1 DTS 96/24 / DTS Neo:6 Pure Direct HD Radio Tuner iPod Compatibility (With Optional YDS-10) Bluetooth Compatibility (With Optional YBA-10) Compressed Music Enhancer Neural Surround XM HD...
Yamaha RX-V661BL 7.1-Channel Digital Home Theater Receiver
Yamaha 7.1 Channel Digital Home Theater Receiver combines the latest and the best technologies, parts and circuit design to maximize sound quality. It features dual HDMI inputs and one output that supports 1080p resolution enabling users to connect two HDMI sources. The four SCENE buttons make operating the receiver easier than ever. The popular CINEMA DSP programs have been upgraded for this...
Yamaha RX-V673 Receiver
"The design of the RX-V673 is sleek yet understated. No spouse should complain no matter where it's placed. The display window on the receiver provides the user with almost anything the user wants to know, and with the press of a button on the remote it can be displayed on screen. The hand-held remote can be programmed to control most TVs, BD players and other electronic devices, too. The..." --palavering


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Sometimes you've just gotta deal with it when some poser is trying to get a rise out of you. It's not worth the fight, 'cause you know you would win anyway! Plus, you wouldn't wanna mess up this Cope T-shirt from Matix. With its vibrant graphic on the front and American flag embroidered on the bottom left side, this tee is definitely too awesome for a fight!
- 100% Cotton fabric
- Screen print graphics
- Tagless collar
- Quality embroidery
- Woven Matix clip tag on back
- Made in the USA
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The Tiger medical ID bandsmedical ID bracelets are perfect for everyday wear. They are made of nylon webbing and adjustable with a plastic center push buckle. Even though this band is classified as a children's medical bracelet, it can also fit up to a size 7" wrist. Excess length may be cut and melted with a heat source to keep the webbing from fraying.
Simply order this bracelet complete with ID tag. Then shop our large selection of affordable kids medical bracelets without ID tags. Who wouldn't love having a bunch of different ID bracelets for each day of the week? They are all interchangeable and will transfer easily onto the ID! Engraving is printed on the back of the slider medical ID tag. Warning: This medical bracelet is not recommended for children under 3 as they may present a choking hazard.
Slider ID's that allow for engraving on the front may be purchased on the slider medical ID tag page.
Customer Reviews
- Son loves it and you can reduce the size Review by jonlmar
Durability - the bracelet lasts all year long with no problems. The writing begins to fade around a one year (some of the black writing begins to rub off but you can still see the writing if you tilt the bracelet in the light). My son never is allowed to take his bracelet off whether he is swimming, bathing, or just being a boy, so it takes a lot of abuse.
Sizing - You can make the bracelet permanently smaller by cutting it to the size you want and melting the frayed edge (not while your child is wearing it).
Love the bracelet!! (Posted on 8/5/13) - Great product Review by Sara Lippold
The only cons for us: the colors are more red and not orange as shown in the picture and the extra strap to adjust the sizing sticks up on top of the bracelet and cannot be fully tucked into anything. It would be great if the extra band was under the bracelet instead of flapping loose on top or could be tucked into the medic alert piece. (Posted on 4/25/13) - Overall happy with the product Review by Erin Ferris
Rated: - He keeps it on. Review by Lori Winters
This clasp is firm, but managable. It makes the choice his, so he leaves it on.
(Posted on 6/19/12) - Cute bracelet Review by Paige Alcoser


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FREE ECONOMY SHIPPING ON ORDERS OVER $50 THROUGH 12/19*more info
Style: 533323 010
Women's Nike Rev Mesh Shorts
With a flirty cut, and an oversized Nike logo graphic, the Nike Rev Mesh Shorts are fun to workout in and feel great, too.
Their mesh construction offers breathability so you don't overheat, while the thick waistband will keep them snug in place so you don't have to worry about them sliding around. Perfect for practicing on the track, or just hanging out in, the Nike Rev Mesh shorts are a comfortable option for any activity you want to wear them to.
- FABRIC: Mesh
- FIT: Short, low waist
- CARE: Machine wash
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Women's Nike Kansas City Royals MLB Cooperstown Collection 3/4 Raglan ShirtWas:
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Totally Laime
with Elizabeth Laime and Andy Rosen
Come be a fly on the wall every week as Elizabeth Laime and her husband, Psychic Andy, invite a guest from the world of comedy into their home to hang out for an hour. Topics range from puppy dogs to sex dreams and everything in between!
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Audio Mixer: Jason Wormer. Recording information: The Village, Los Angeles, CA. Photographer: Tim Barber. So the story goes like... ... more info
Beach Boys: Carl Wilson, David Marks (vocals, guitar), Brian Wilson (vocals, keyboards, bass); Dennis Wilson (vocals, keyboards, drums);... ... more info
Personnel: Robbie Robertson (vocals, guitar); Levon Helm (vocals, mandolin, drums); Rick Danko (vocals, violin); Richard Manuel (vocals,... ... more info
Bruce Springsteen's second album found him at a pivotal point in his development. The most musically expansive record of his career, THE... ... more info
Everyone knows Elvis's croon can make even most tired material swoon-worthy, so recordings of the King turning in sweet renditions of... ... more info
Personnel includes: Johnny Cash (vocals, guitar); Luther Perkins (guitar); Marshall Grant (bass). Includes liner notes by Billy... ... more info
A solid 23-track overview of Elvis's secular Christmas songs and a healthy sprinkling of his beloved gospel tunes, ELVIS CHRISTMAS is... ... more info
Personnel: Bruce Springsteen (vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards); Nils Lofgren (vocals, guitar); Jimmie Wood (harmonica); Roy Bittan... ... more info
Personnel: Joe Cocker (vocals); David Cohen, Tony Visconti, Jimmy Page, Henry McCullough, Albert Lee (guitar); Chris Stainton (piano,... ... more info
This reissue of LET IT BE has been digitally re-mastered. It comes packaged with replicated original U.K. album art, an expanded booklet... ... more info
Personnel: Bruce Springsteen (vocals, various instruments); Ian McLagen (Hammond organ); Roy Bittan (keyboards); Randy Jackson (bass);... ... more info
Includes liner notes by Joseph F. Laredo. Digitally remastered by Erick Labson (MCA Music Media, North Hollywood,... ... more info
Personnel: Bruce Springsteen (vocals, guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, harmonica, piano, congas, hand claps, background... ... more info
Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers: Tom Petty (vocals, guitar); Benmont Tench (vocals, keyboards); Howe Epstein (vocals, bass); Stan Lynch... ... more info
Audio Mixer: Bob Clearmountain. Recording information: Abbey Road Studios, London; Apogee Berkley Studio, Santa Monica; Blackbird... ... more info
Personnel: Bruce Springsteen (vocals, guitar, harmonica); Steve Van Zandt (guitar); Clarence Clemons (saxophone); Roy Bittan (piano);... ... more info
Audio Mixer: Jason Wormer. Recording information: Capitol Studios; The Village, Los Angeles, CA. Photographer: Tim Barber. So the... ... more info
Over the course of his career, Elvis Presley recorded two complete Christmas albums. The first, 1957's ELVIS' CHRISTMAS ALBUM, quickly... ... more info
Personnel: Bruce Springsteen (vocals, guitar, banjo, piano, organ, drums, percussion, loops); Ron Aniello (guitar, keyboards, drums,... ... more info
Adapter: Ritchie Valens. Audio Remasterer: Bob Fisher . Ritchie Valens was only 17 when he died in 1959. His musical legacy rests on... ... more info
Personnel: Chuck Berry (guitar); Hubert Sumlin, Jimmy Rogers , Owen McIntyre (guitar); James Robinson , L.C. Davis (saxophone); Dave... ... more info
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Personnel includes: Elvis Presley (vocals); J.D. Sumner & The Stamps, Kathy Westmoreland & The Sweet Inspirations (background... ... more info
All tracks have been digitally remastered using HDCD technology. Photographer: David Redfern. Roy Orbison scored 20 consecutive Top 40... ... more info
Dire Straits: Mark Knopfler, David Knopfler (vocals, guitar); John Illsley (vocals, bass); Pick Withers (drums). Recorded at Compass... ... more info
Liner Note Author: Michael Hill. Recording information: 07/05/1954-02/04/1976. Those who need more than the single-disc set of... ... more info
VERY BEST OF THE EVERLY BROTHERS includes some re-recorded versions of the Brothers' hits ("Bye Bye Love", "Wake Up Little Susie" and... ... more info
Allman Brothers Band: Gregg Allman (vocals, acoustic guitar, piano, Hammond B-3 organ); Dickey Betts (vocals, acoustic guitar); Derek... ... more info
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News Archive
November 27, 2013
A federal study finds that nearly half of college students who pursue science and technology degrees leave the field or drop out -- roughly the same attrition rate as in other fields.
November 27, 2013
Employees at an Australian university will vote this week on a proposal to tie their raises to the university's financial results, with a bonus pool possible.
November 27, 2013
To figure out how to reach students on Instagram, some colleges and universities recruit expert consultants: students.
November 27, 2013
Emory University is starting an interdisciplinary undergraduate major in human health.
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Northwestern University is starting a master of science in law program.
November 26, 2013
New study of online learning, finding those who've taken distance courses to be more likely to earn certificates and degrees, is at odds with earlier research focusing on shorter-term outcomes.
November 26, 2013
Email from Berkeley lecturer to his students draws praise for his comments on the value of education -- and some criticism for his refusal to honor a picket line.
November 26, 2013
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Posted Fri, Oct 01, 2010 by Ethec
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FFXIV Producer Naoki Yoshida delivers a new missive to discuss the first content update and the PS4 and beta launch.
Pick up your copy of Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn for the PC or PS3 today at a substantial discount.
Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn's crossover event with Final Fantasy XIII: Lightning Returns starts tomorrow.
Now you enjoy Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn's mobile app on your Android devices.


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President Barack Obama attended a wedding Saturday evening in Chicago, part of his Father's Day weekend that he spent with his family in and around their hometown.
Obama walked with his wife, Michelle, and their two daughters from their Chicago home to the nearby residence of his senior adviser, Valerie Jarrett, for her daughter's wedding.
The Jarrett nuptials drew other figures from Democratic politics and the Obama administration as well, including Attorney General Eric Holder.
The night earlier, the family also strolled through their Hyde Park neighborhood and spent several hours at the home of another neighbor.
One neighbor's yellow Chevy Camaro featured a sign that read, "Thank you for saving GM."
Obama is expected to fly out of Illinois on Sunday evening, bound for the G-20 summit in Los Cabos, Mexico.
The president has been to Chicago several times this year. At a fundraiser earlier this month -- in which he stayed overnight in his Hyde Park home for the first time since April 2011 -- Obama told the crowd, "It is good to be back home. I am sleeping in my bed tonight. I'm going to go into my kitchen. I might cook something for myself, putter around in the backyard a little bit."
On another recent visit, he asked neighbors if someone was keeping up his yard while he occupies the nation's most famous address, lest he develop a reputation.
"He's a good president, but nobody's mowing the lawn," Obama quipped his neighbors might grumble. "Bringing down property values."


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A Mini Boat and Big Desire
A Mini Boat and Big Desire
Report AbuseThe 21-foot Mini 6.5 is not a whole lot of boat for a bumpy Gulf Stream crossing. It's barely bigger than my friend's eight-person Jacuzzi. There's not much space inside, either. Sails, stackable containers, and Jerry Jugs of fuel and water consume most of the fiberglass cavity. But then again, a lot of Mini sailors end up sleeping in the wet cockpit, one hand on the throttle and one bleary eye open.
Nope, a Mini is certainly not for everyone. But it is for Katie Ambach, an earthy, young female sailor from Rhode Island. Ambach (pronounced am-back) is one of a half-dozen Mini skippers about to set out from Newport to Bermuda on Friday, alongside an eclectic mix of keelboats. It's the Bermuda 1-2: solo to the Land of Goslings, doublehanded back.
This one is not Katie's first go at it in a Mini. She and her husband Drew, sailing a higher-tech Mini than that of Katie this time, sailed the race two years ago as part of a first-ever Mini class gathering in the States.
She, nor Drew, did particularly well in the grand scheme of things. Drew had all sorts of electrical and equipment problems. Katie, well, she says she had directional issues. "I was unprepared; totally wasn't ready for it," she tells me yesterday as we motor out of Narragansett Bay in search of wind. "Everyone says you make mistakes the first time you do it, and I made a big one."
As she explains it, the boat (a "Zero") and the rig were extremely off balance in reaching conditions, and tactically, contrary to what she felt was ultimately right, she somehow convinced herself to play tourist east of the rhumbline and then do the same to the other side, essentially sailing perpendicular to the interstate to BDA. Then, two days out from the finish she sat becalmed.
Not this time, she tells me as we motor along in search of wind outside Newport's Castle Hill. "Nope," she says with a pursed smile, her ponytail swinging side-to-side as she shakes her head. "I only have one strategy. Go straight to Bermuda."
Joining her for the return trip is Maggie Dovelan, a recently unemployed friend from Alexandria, Va. The two met as deckhands on one of Newport's sunset cruisers. Katie is quick to point out tat she wouldn't do the race with anyone but another girl, noting, "There's not much personal space."
So her husband Drew is competing on a much higher-tech Mini. This is not a one-design class, by the way, and the boats are very, very different.
Drew's has a canting keel and water ballast; a carbon rig and composite rigging. Katie's, a much simpler "Series" Mini, has a fixed keel, wire rigging, and barely anything high tech in the hull. She, Drew, and a white-goateed Texan named Sam Sam Ausmus III (a Bermuda 1-2 mini veteran) built her boat with their own latex-gloved hands down at Third Coast Composites, Ausmus' shop in League City, Tex. The boat is named EKO, a play on eco-friendly I believe, as in they did what they could to use recycled materials and minimize their emissions. Among other things, they used resin made of recycled plastic bottles, and recycled foam for the boat's floatation blocks.
"This is Sam's boat. He put all the effort into it," says Ambach. And for him to let me go….ahhh [she pumps her fist]…it's such a great race. I'm so excited to be ready this time. Last time I was teary-eyed when I started. Now it's really my chance."
After fruitlessly hoisting the salt-crusted UK-Halsey main (salt from her 48-hour qualifying sail in the Gulf of Mexico a few weeks back) we motored back to the harbor with intentions to try to sail once more before she leaves Newport on Friday, morning. Unlike a few of the others, still tinkering, building, and fairing bits and pieces of their boats, Kate was ready to go; relaxed, confident, and visibly eager to leave, and ready to go sailing.
for more on the 1-2 and race tracking: www.bermuda1-2.org.
--Dave Reed


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The children of King George V
16 of 123 portraits of Prince George, Duke of Kent
© National Portrait Gallery, London
- Larger Image
- Buy a print of this image
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- Recent Acquisition
The children of King George V
by W. & D. Downey
bromide print, published 1910
9 1/4 in. x 10 3/4 in. (236 mm x 273 mm) overall
Given by Terence Pepper, 2011
Photographs Collection
NPG x134956
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sittersback to top
- Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor (King Edward VIII) (1894-1972), Reigned 1936. Sitter associated with 357 portraits.
- King George VI (1895-1952), Reigned 1936-52. Sitter associated with 429 portraits.
- Prince George, Duke of Kent (1902-1942), Naval and air force officer; son of King George V. Sitter associated with 123 portraits.
- Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1900-1974), Son of George V. Sitter associated with 151 portraits.
- Prince John (1905-1919), Youngest son of George V. Sitter in 13 portraits.
- Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood (1897-1965), Princess Royal; daughter of George V. Sitter associated with 226 portraits.


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Events Detail |
Hudson Institute-EPPC Summer Film Series Presents: Stairway to Heaven (1946)July 12, 2011, 5:30-8:00 PM - Hudson Institute, Washington, D.C. Headquarters June 28–July 26, 2011 Hudson Institute's Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renewal joins the Ethics and Public Policy Center (EPPC) to present the 2011 Summer Film Series. Hosted by EPPC Resident Scholar James Bowman and Hudson Senior Fellow William Schambra, this year we're leaving this life entirely to see how the movies have thought about the next one—a subject that for seventy years they have found surprisingly congenial and often treated with moving sensitivity. All movies begin at 5:30 PM, at Hudson Institute, 1015 15th Street N.W., Sixth Floor, Washington, DC, (McPherson Square Metro) followed by a discussion lead by James Bowman, film critic for The American Spectator. Click here to read his commentary. Free pizza, popcorn, candy, and soda. Upcoming Films July 12: Stairway to Heaven (A Matter of Life and Death) (1946) directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, starring David Niven, Kim Hunter, Roger Livesey, Raymond Massey July 19: Defending Your Life (1991), directed by Albert Brooks, starring Albert Brooks, Meryl Streep, Rip Torn July 26: After Life (Wandâfuru Raifu) (1998), directed by Hirokazu Kore-eda, starring Arata, Erika Oda, Susumo Terajima Past Films July 5: Between Two Worlds (1944), directed by Edward A Blatt, with John Garfield, Paul Henreid, Sydney Greenstreet, Eleanor Parker June 28: Heaven Can Wait (1943), directed by Ernst Lubitsch, starring Don Ameche, Gene Tierney, Charles Coburn. In 2010, we looked at how the movies have seen the pursuit of happiness. In 2009, we looked at movie treatments of crime and punishment. In 2008, we looked at love and romance in the movies. In 2007, we looked at the American movie hero.
Click here to view the full list of Upcoming Events. Share |
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Biography (Cyclopedia of World Authors, Fourth Revised Edition)
John Grisham (GRIHSH-uhm), a so-called blockbuster novelist and himself a lawyer, writes fast-paced thrillers based in the legal profession. Most of his works have become enormously successful commercially, both as long-term best-sellers and as popular films.
Grisham was born in the South, where, because his father worked for a construction company, the family moved frequently to locations in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. His family, he has said, was made up of readers and storytellers, and he attributes his writing ability to both those qualities.
After earning a degree in accounting at Mississippi State University, Grisham attended the University of Mississippi School of Law and received his law degree in 1981. He practiced law in Southaven, Mississippi, just south of Memphis, Tennessee, for the next ten years. From 1984 to 1990 he also served in the Mississippi House of Representatives.
Grisham's legal career was successful if unspectacular, but he became increasingly cynical about the profession and, finding that he was more interested in literature than in legal cases, decided to write a novel. He wrote A Time to Kill in longhand over a period of three years by rising every morning at 5 a.m. The book was by no means an instant success (it originally sold only about five thousand...
(The entire section is 594 words.)
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Biography (Critical Survey of Long Fiction, Fourth Edition)
John Ray Grisham, Jr., the second of five children, was born in Jonesboro, Arkansas, and raised in the South. His father was a construction worker, and the family moved frequently during Grisham's childhood. He lived in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi while he was growing up. Whenever his family moved to a new town, his mother saw that the children received library cards as soon as possible, because, as Grisham has stated, his mother encouraged reading over watching television. He attended high school in Southaven, Mississippi, a small town outside Memphis. He has said that his writing ability grew out of his involvement in a family of readers and storytellers.
Grisham wanted to play professional baseball, and he spent his early college years largely ignoring his studies and concentrating on sports. When he determined that a baseball career was not likely to happen, he turned to accounting as a major, graduating from Mississippi State University in 1977 with a bachelor's degree. He attended law school at the University of Mississippi, where he received his law degree in 1981. That year he married Renee Jones, with whom he would have two children. They would reside in Charlottesville, Virginia, for half of the year and in Oxford, Mississippi, for the other half. Grisham has said that he writes six months of the year and coaches his son's Little League baseball team the other six months.
From 1981 to 1991, Grisham practiced law in...
(The entire section is 406 words.)
Biography (Critical Survey of Mystery & Detective Fiction, Revised Edition)
John Grisham was born in Jonesboro, Arkansas, on February 8, 1955, the son of an itinerant construction worker and a homemaker. The family moved often, finally settling in Southaven, Mississippi, when Grisham was twelve. After moving to each town, Grisham would obtain a public library card and rate the condition of the town's Little League field. He dreamed of becoming a professional baseball player, becoming so focused on athletics that he neglected his grades in English. His love of baseball would continue through college. He enrolled at Northwest Junior College in Sanitobia, Mississippi, then transferred to Delta State University in Cleveland, Mississippi, where he continued to play baseball. When he realized that he was not destined for the major leagues, he transferred to Mississippi State.
At Mississippi State, Grisham majored in accounting with the intention of becoming a tax attorney. However, after his first tax-law class at the University of Mississippi, he decided that criminal law provided more interest and drama. After graduation in 1981, he returned to Southaven, opening up his own practice and marrying Renee Jones, a childhood friend. He ran a successful practice but felt unfulfilled. A change to practicing civil law brought no more personal satisfaction. Grisham won one of the largest settlements in DeSoto County history on behalf of a child who sustained extensive burns when a water heater exploded. An idealist, he pursued a political...
(The entire section is 606 words.)
Biography (Literary Newsmakers for Students)
John Grisham was born on February 18, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, but for the first twelve years of his life, his family moved frequently so his father, a construction worker, could find work. In 1967, his family settled in Southaven, Mississippi where he became involved in sports.
After his high school graduation, Grisham enrolled at Northwest Junior College in Senatobia, Mississippi, and for a year played baseball for the school team. Restless, he transferred to Delta State University in Cleveland, Mississippi, hoping to become a professional ball player. After the coach at Delta State tactfully pointed out that Grisham was not suited for a baseball career, he transferred to Mississippi State University and studied accounting with the intention of becoming a tax attorney.
Shortly after earning his law degree from the University of Mississippi, Grisham and his wife Renée returned to Southaven. There, Grisham set up a small practice as a defense attorney. In addition, from 1984 to 1990, he served in the Mississippi House of Representatives. The Grishams have two children: a son, Ty, and a daughter, Shea.
Grisham's first book, A Time to Kill, was published in 1988. He worked on it as a hobby for three years, getting up early every morning to write before going to work. Though its original print run was five thousand copies, Grisham was satisfied. By then he was working on his second book, a legal thriller titled The...
(The entire section is 341 words.)
Source: Literary Newsmakers for Students, ©2013 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: Cyclopedia of World Authors, Fourth Revised Edition, ©1997 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
Source: Critical Survey of Long Fiction, Fourth Edition, ©2010 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
Source: Critical Survey of Mystery & Detective Fiction, Revised Edition, ©2008 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.


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Local News
Area residents cope with the loss of their church
- Local News
Babineaux sentenced in armed robberies
A Duncan teenager was sentenced Monday for his role in a series of armed robberies of convenience stores earlier this year.
Tre Demetrius Babineaux, 18, was one of four Duncan teens arrested in relation to three armed robberies that took place toward the end of March. The other teens included Dakota John Smith, 19; Quincy Sahtoren Barnes, 20; and Peyton Thad Graham, 20.
Babineaux was the only one charged as a youthful offender. -
Tree, Wreath Auction has highest grossing year yet
The Tree and Wreath Auction had its best year even, garnering $3,335 for its grand total.
The auction, which is a collaborative effort between the Duncan Convention and Visitors Bureau and the Simmons Center, raises funds for area charities. This was the 12th year for the silent auction event.
Items, including decorated Christmas trees, wreaths, centerpieces and various other goodies, were donated and auctioned with the funds going toward selected charities. For instance, the Friends of the Stephens County Humane Society donated items with the Stephens County Humane Society as the benefactor. -
Christmas Auction raises $30,000 to help local children
Though there are some pledges still out, the annual Christmas Auction was deemed successful after raising more than $32,000 last week.
All 400 plus donation items were sold during the five-night event, which was turned over the Duncan Rotary Club this year. It was previously run by the Duncan Jaycees Club.
"All of the items sold, most of them for retail value," said Cindy Reynolds, auction chairperson. "We're pleased with the outcome." -
Duncan school board to discuss possible bond issue
Another bond issue may be on the horizon for Duncan Public Schools.
Tuesday's meeting will explore the possibility of adding a safe/art room at the Duncan High School. This would be contingent on the passage of a bond issue April 2014.
PBK Architect and CMS Willowbrook, both companies involved in the renovation process at the Duncan High School, will be giving a presentation about the DHS safe/art room project to the Duncan Board of Education. -
CU Victorian Tea draws 60
Snow didn't hinder Cameron University's Simmons Center tie-in program, the Victorian Tea on Sunday.
And in its fifth year, the Victorian Tea had a strong participation, regardless of recent winter weather. Vivian Thomlinson, CU professor of English, hosted the program through the School of Liberal Arts. -
Commissioners approve county's portion of road project
An industrial access road for South Second is a step closer to becoming reality for Stephens County District 2.
During Monday's regular meeting, the Board of Stephens County Commissioners approved its portion of the project, which has an agreement with the commissioners board, the Duncan Area Economic Development Foundation, the City of Duncan and the Oklahoma Department of Transportation. -
All schools closed Tuesday
All Stephens County public schools and Red River Technology Center will be closed Tuesday, Dec. 10.
Winter weather continues
Temperatures dropped to 10 degrees. Freezing rain and snow fell, covering roads and yards. Through all of it, one thing was certain: Winter weather had come to Duncan.
In fact, about 0.23 inches of precipitation fell between 10:30 a.m. Thursday and about 9 a.m. Friday. By Friday afternoon, snow drifts ranged from about 2 inches up to 4 inches. And high temperatures leveled out at 25 degrees. -
Museum on track for holidays
Although watching car after car go by while waiting for the caboose to pass at a railroad crossing is usually inconvenient, there is something almost mesmerizing about a model train going round and round a track.
In the past, many a family Christmas tree was accompanied by a model train at its base. In Duncan, one woman set up an entire Christmas village, complete with train, at her home and opened it up to the public. That scene has now been recreated by the Stephens County Historical Museum. -
Duncan FD battles blaze
Snow fell Friday, but Duncan firefighters stayed warm by the heat of a structure fire.
About 10 firefighters responded to a blaze around 10:30 a.m. Friday in the 100 block of South Fourth Street. A structure, just south of Main Street, was fully involved.
The building was across Fourth Street from Southwest Foods. The fire was contained to the one building. - More Local News Headlines
Babineaux sentenced in armed robberies


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The panel is mounted to a frame, which is attached to two bike wheels. The wheels are mounted to a larger wooden frame, and the wheels and panel are moved by a 12 volt linear actuator. The sensor is an LED model and is purchased from Redrok Energy.
The LED sensor senses the path of the sun and tells the actuator how much to move to keep the panel properly oriented. At the front of the tracker are two legs that can be adjusted to the proper altitude for seasonal changes.
I used bicycle wheels because they are durable, strong enough to handle some weight, and best of all, in my case, free!
Step 1: What do you need?
*Several treated 2x4's (Lowes)
*Two wheels from a free bicycle- free or almost free bikes are pretty easy to find from the local landfill or thrift store
*A piece angle iron with pre-punched holes (Lowes)
*A 12 volt linear actuator-(~$75?)- (Ebay)
*An LED tracking sensor- (~$40)( http://www.redrok.com/led3xassm.htm#led3xforsale )
*Various nuts, bolts, screws, cable and wire -(scrounging around my workshop)
1-40 of 104 | Next » |
Here is Wunderbar 12,
Just an update on my Bike tracker Project.
After building 2 and got them working by hand, I was a happy person, sending a photo to my friend a German Tool Maker, he warned NOT to build my trackers like this, as the roof is not a good environment, and he believes I must redesign the lot to do without the Bike wheels. He said you have 30 years warranty on this solar panels, and the wheels will fall apart after 3 years, when I am also 3 years older!
We started on the redesign, so far so good, when I have a array going, I am happy to post a few photos.
Yes it is NOT easy to build something low priced but high Chocolaty,
Have a good KW day! (KW stands for Kilo Watt)
Thank you very much for your WUNDEREBAR Idea. I love it so much!
I have just copied your tracker, I used my existing Alu frame. I am waiting for some panels to complete my test unit. Then I will give you some Photos.
I will build 108 trackers, as I have 9 arrays of 12 panels on my very large roof all up 30KW. My production is down to 100KW average per day. I need to get 150+KW to repay my $80,000 loan.
I adjust the angel every month, but I find I need to track East - West the panels for more production.
We got winter here in Brisbane and it is nice to work on the roof now. Can anyone help me: I will put the panels 250mm apart and join the trackers with a rod to have 12 trackers working of one linear actuator, with this nice freely movement of the bike wheel, I am sure I will get it working, the shade problem is my worry, right now in winter I find 250mm a bit to small, but I need to save some room, would 500mm be better?
Any comment would be welcome.
Thank you again, you Gays are helping me a lot with all your input.
E-mail: email@example.com
Thanks folks.
I think I understand what your asking:
Can one drive multiple independent linear actuators from a single tracker.
The simple answer is no. Due to friction and different weight balance they tend to get out of sync.
A better, and cheaper, method is to link multiple bicycle rims together with a cable. A single actuator moving the cable can drive quite a few panels.
Note! These multiple panels should be separated so there is minimal shadowing.
I have a Excel spreadsheet that deals with shadowing issues. See:
Red Rock Energy
Red Rock Energy
There are no relays in linear actuators.
Just the motor and asociated limit switches.
Red Rock Energy
No pun intended? Really? Because it sure looks to me like you absolutely intended to make that pun.
Obviously if you can find a free or cheap one from someone who is junking an old satellite dish that would be great.
But if left to buy one, other than the stroke and finding one of the appropriate voltage, how much force should one be able to exert on say, 2 45W panels and still be able to operate in blowing winds? It seems like you would want to minimize this in order to draw the lowest amount of current from your battery bank so that you gain the maximum power from your tracker and invest as little power as possible into driving the thing. Thoughts?
I have a question about the movement.
How many degrees do the panels move each day?
I'll have to give this some thought ... I'm working on a design for an "external Trombe wall" which I can attach to an existing window for the venting. Of course, making it insulated, situated off an existing wall, and now pivoting, I'm getting away from the simplicity of Trombe's design.
When it gets dark or with heavy storm clouds it heads toward the Eastern limit switch. If the sun comes back out it resumes tracking.
Red Rock Energy
1. I would suggest that the wheels be mounted on an A-frame so that struts could be placed from the outside edges of the panels to points tangent to the wheel to provide bracing against strong winds.
2. I find that sun position sensors aren't really necessary for pointing since we already know where the sun will be at any given time of the day. Also, some sun trackers may have difficulties tracking the sun's position on overcast days and may operate erratically on partially sunny days when clouds intermittently block and reveal the sun. A system built around small uProcessor with an on-board clock can be programmed to provide positioning information to your drives, and if you want to get fancy, the sky's the limit for adding sensors, providing web connections, what have you.
If you measure the power from the panel this other direction will be greater.
Furthermore, the sensor is influenced by other sources of light such as reflective sand and snow adding even more power.
Red Rock Energy
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A dark yet laughable dialogue between a young boy and a man in a strange-looking bunny costume.
A 30 year old woman has to decide if she should marry the man everyone thinks is perfect for her or...


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We constantly search for the lowest prices so you don't have to. If you find a lower price, call us at 1.866.868.5855. Expert staff check prices daily. Details
Champro Youth 4-Way Pitching Rubber Heavy Duty! Here's a pitcher's rubber from Champro with heavy-duty 4-sided construction that insures a flat surface for many years. Dimensions: 4" x 18".


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I bought a can of Douchi(Chinese fermented black beans) a while back then but rarely use..Douchi is a flavoring that most popular in the cuisine of China, and is used to make black bean sauce.Douchi is made by fermenting and salting soybeans. The process turns the beans black, soft, and mostly dry. The flavor is sharp, pungent, and spicy in smell, with a taste that is salty and somewhat bitter and sweet.Fermented black bean are strongly flavored,so for easy to consume it's usually cook with others spices like garlic ,ginger and chili.It's common in Chinese cuisine fermented black beans is usually used in meat dishes..You can find fermented black beans in any Asian or Chinese grocery store..
1/2 whole chicken,chopped to small pieces or use any pre-cut chicken part like thigh or whole leg
1/4 cup fermented black beans,soak in water for 15 minutes to removed soil and saltiness
2 tbsp soy sauce
2 tbsp Shaoxing wine
1 tbsp chicken bouillon powder
3 cloves garlic,peeled and minced
1 inch ginger,peeled and sliced
2 tbsp corn flour + 4 tbsp cold water
1 big sliced fried salted fish(I used mui heong (mackerel fish),crush coarsely
2 red chili,sliced
a handful cut scallion
1:Marinate ingredients (A) in a stainless steel plate for 30 minutes or longer in fridge.Prepare steamer at high heat.
2:Place (A) into steamer and steam for 40 minutes or until cook.Mix ingredients (B) in a bowl before mix throughly with steamed chicken.Steam again for another 10 minutes.
3:Remove steamed chicken from heat,check the seasoning.Add soy sauce if necessary.Serve warm with steamed white rice.


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Results 1 to 8 of 8
- Join Date
- Mar 2010
- Posts
- 22
Front Driver Sides Squeaks like a Son of ..........
Hey Guys,
So i am dumbfounded....... Last week i put on some new rims on my truck. 22 inch 6 x 5.5. No problems really up until a couple days ago. I started to get a squeak when i was driving. Not too loud but could definately hear it. Over the past two days it has gotten considerably worse. It is sooo loud, louder than my exhaust !!! I want people to look at my truck but not because of the sound it makes.
What do you guys think it might be? Rock stuck somewhere? Gets louder when i brake but even when im just driving its still squeaking. What do you guys think?
06-07-2011, 01:48 PM #2What truck you got? year,model, 4x4 ?
2009 Silverado 1500
5.3L / 3.73 G80 / 4spd / 4x4 / LWB/ Ext Cab / HD Tow-Haul
2.25in ReadyLift Level Kit / 3in blocks/ 3500lb HellWig / 265x65x17 Wrangler AT
K&N Filter / AirRaid MIT / MagnaFlow 2.25" Dual Exhaust / HyperTech MaxEnergy
- Join Date
- Mar 2010
- Posts
- 22
2008 Silverado 4x4
06-07-2011, 03:48 PM #4Could be a rock stuck in the brake caliper since it sounds louder when you apply the brakes, but I would definitely re-check the wheel torque since this started right after you installed the new wheels. I would also check for interference between the wheels & body & suspension parts since the wheels are larger
1988 Chevy C-3500 2wd (no pic)
350 c.i. 5.7 L Stock Block, 4 Bolt Mains
L-31 Vortec Heads, Edelbrock Cam & Intake,
Holley 650, Flowtech Headers, Magnaflow exh.
Jet Trans 700R4, B&M Ratchet, 4:10 gears,
3" susp. lift kit "shadetree"
No rev limiter, No speed limiter lol
06-07-2011, 03:54 PM #5X2, retorque the wheels with a TORQUE WRENCH.
2005 Chevy Silverado Z71 Crew Cab
6" Skyjacker lift w/Edlebrock dual front remote resoviour shocks, single rear remote. Rancho skid-plate.
17" x 9" M/T Classic Lock Wheels, 35" BFG A/T or M/T tires
4.10 PercisionGears w/factory locker, T/A Performance rear-end cover
Banks CAI intake, ported throttlebody, JBA coated headers, over-sized Magnaflow cats, Magnaflow cat back exhaust, Diablo tuned
B&M aluminum deep transmission pan
Warn brush guard w/Warn 9.5 XP winch, PIAA bulbs, Line-X bedliner, AWS Black tool chest, Extang tonneau cover
Weather Tech floor mats
Cover-Craft seat covers
Dash mat cover
Formula One window tint
One black Lab in rear seat.
06-07-2011, 04:13 PM #7stephan, thats why I don't take my truck to a tire store, I just take the wheels to have new tires mounted. When I was a SnapOn dealer some of the things I saw was just plain scary.
06-07-2011, 04:22 PM #8yep 10-4. I always mount my own tires too. Every time I see a thread like this it reminds me of Tennessee Griz & how the tire store rammed his wheels on with an impact wrench & warped his brake drums. It happens a lot & the tires stores just don't know any better
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By Silverstreak in forum General Chevy & GM Tech QuestionsReplies: 1Last Post: 06-19-2009, 05:03 PM -
Front Driver Door Sags...
By Alchemist in forum Chevy Suburban Forum (GMC Yukon XL)Replies: 9Last Post: 03-22-2008, 08:22 AM