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1975 Cadillac Eldorado Convertible. Red with white interior. Runs and drives but the engine has a knock. The starter motor and brakes are new.... More
1961 Cadillac Coupe DeVille,initially dragged home as a parts car,but it well may be worth restoration.It starts,runs,and moves about under its' own power,and is... More
1962 Cadillac flower car, manufacturer unknown, possibly modified from a DeVille four door hardtop. This car is quite rusty and beat up, but... More
CADILLAC: 1950 Series 61 sedan, Texas car, restoration, believed owned by LBJ, $4,500. 706-833-7018, GA.... More
CADILLAC: 1989 Brougham, excellent condition, auto trans, white exterior, white leather interior, 96K miles, new paint, runs great, a true classic, $4,995 obo. 561-578-9323,... More
CADILLAC: 1977 Sedan deVille, 33,000 miles, good body and interior, runs and drives well, good tires, $2,000. 815-871-7511 after 5 pm, Rockford, IL.... More
CADILLAC: 1988 Allante, mint pristine condition, Ive lost my storage, charcoal pearl exterior, burgundy interior, black top, photos available, sacrifice $3,800. 617-248-0516, 12 pm-10... More
CADILLACS: 1950-1964 2-door hardtops and 4-dr hardtops, $1,500-$5,000, good cars to restore; 100+ other great cars and trucks. 208-484-1604, ID.... More
CADILLAC: 1960 2-dr hardtop, nice solid car with air, $4,000; 100+ other great cars and trucks. 208-484-1604, ID.... More
Cadillac 1978 Coupe deVille, V8 425 engine, all power, good condition, runs well, white, good interior, second owner, $3,900 obo. 530-275-6424, 530-941-3645, CA.... More
CADILLAC: 1970 hearse, rolling folk art by artist Butch Anthony, great investment, runs excellent, $3,500. 706-332-6378, GA; details/photos: www.allenscars.com... More
CADILLAC: 1939 Fleetwood, Model 6019-A/SA, only 280 made, 100% complete, extra parts, body good condition, needs restoration, $3,900. 936-203-4247, TX.... More
CADILLAC: 1938 Series 6119 4-door sedan, very complete, body good condition, needs restoration, $2,500. 936-203-4247, TX.... More
CADILLAC: 1991 Allante project, 59,000 miles, nice interior, needs paint, $4,250 obo. 678-779-4500, GA.... More
CADILLAC: 1967 Eldorado, in storage over 30 years, runs, no rust, $3,700. PH: 630-542-0031, IL; pictures at: antiquecarinvestments.com... More


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Showing 1 - 6 of 6 Products
Model: AA | Catalog #: 23-225
Don't run out of the most popular-sized batteries used in your house.
Model: AAA | Catalog #: 23-231
Don't run out of these popular household batteries.
Model: N | Catalog #: 23-854
These Enercell "N" size alkaline batteries keep cameras, pagers and other electronic equip... See the Full Product Details
Model: 23A | Catalog #: 23-404
These Enercell 12V alkaline batteries fit many lighters, remote controls, pagers and vehicle alarms.
Model: 23-1134 | Catalog #: 23-1134
These Enercell alkaline 9V batteries are great for portable radios or other electronic hobbies.
Model: 9V | Catalog #: 23-866
Use this Enercell 9V alkaline battery in your device that requires 9 volts.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
80 photos Featured
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Minneapolis, MN 55403
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Minneapolis, MN 55414
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Minneapolis, MN 55404 (Powderhorn, Whittier)
Hardwood floors, french pane windows, elegant ivy-covered buildings, classic architecture in a historic neighborhood!
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Apartment 224 units
1-2 bed 1 bath
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Minneapolis, MN 55404
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Great Uptown location in a very clean building...Spacious apartments...Heat included in rent...
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Close To Uptown and Downtown...Near Minneapolis Institute Of Arts...
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1-2 bed 1 bath Cats allowed
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Minneapolis, MN 55408 (Powderhorn, Whittier)
The Murals of LynLake apartments are located right on the Midtown Greenway and a half mile walk/bike to Lake Calhoun. Easy access to highway 94E/W and 3…
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Convenient Uptown Location...Minutes from Downtown Minneapolis...Unique, Classic-Style Vintage Living...
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Classic Brownstone...Heated Garage...Close To Uptown and Downtown...
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Remodeled common areas & upgrades in units...Free internet...Off street parking & easy access to freeways & downtown MPLS...
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Attractive and Affordable Living In The Historic Mansion District and Whittier Neighborhood...Convenient To Downtown, On Bus Line, Located Right On Eat …
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Minneapolis, MN 55407 (Powderhorn, Powderhorn Park)
In the middle of everything...Huge apartments...His/ her walk-in closets...
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Minneapolis, MN 55408 (Powderhorn, Lyndale)
Studio efficencies and one-bedrooms located in the cassical style...On-site laundry & parking...Walking distance of Lake Calhoun & Calhoun Square...
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Prime Location: by Uptown AND Downtown...Situated in the classic Mansion District of Minneapolis...the Perfect Location if you want to live near the Hea…
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Beautiful 3 Bed 1 Bath Available Jan 15th!!
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Awesome 3 Bedroom 1.5 Bath in South Minneapolis
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About 4:40 pm, November 25, 2011, overlooking the terrace.
"You say grace before meals. All right. But I say grace before the concert and the opera, and grace before the play and pantomime, and grace before I open a book, and grace before sketching, painting, swimming, fencing, boxing, walking, playing, dancing and grace before I dip the pen in the ink." ~G.K. Chesterton
Happy Thanksgiving!
I tried something I heard on the radio last year and thought it was great! Fill muffin tins (sprayed) with leftover stuffing, with a little dip in the middle. Crack an egg into each and bake.
Here's a more sophisticated version of the same, from ohboykarencooks.blogspot.com
Baked Eggs with leftover stuffing


text:
Updated Dec 6, 2013 - 4:06 pm
No Harvin, no Browner for Seahawks vs. 49ers
Originally published: Dec 6, 2013 - 4:06 pm
RENTON, Wash. (AP) - Seattle Seahawks wide receiver Percy Harvin and cornerback Brandon Browner will both be out for Sunday's game at San Francisco, coach Pete Carroll said Friday.
The decision to hold the pair out isn't surprising, although the Seahawks were hopeful both would make progress coming back from injuries this week. Browner has been out since Week 10 with a groin injury suffered against Atlanta, while Harvin continues to deal with soreness in his comeback from hip surgery. Harvin made his season debut in Week 11 against Minnesota but has been unable to get back on the field since.
Carroll said that next week _ with Seattle having a full week of preparations _ will be important in Harvin's recovery.
"We're looking forward to next week being a really important week. We think we got a shot at it. So it's important for us to go ahead," Carroll said. "I don't care about making that statement now that we're hoping for us is a big week for us with him. It'll be kind of week-to-week in a sense as we go forward."
Browner was ahead of schedule in his recovery from a groin injury. Carrroll said this week they initially believed it would be six weeks before Browner had a chance to return, but he practiced in a limited fashion on Wednesday. He did not practice either Thursday or Friday.
"We didn't make much progress there. So we did not bring him back out," Carroll said.
Outside linebacker Bruce Irvin will be able to play after missing two days of practice this week with a thigh injury. He was a full participant in Friday's practice. The only other concern for Seattle is backup quarterback Tarvaris Jackson, who missed the last two days of practice with an illness.
Carroll also said that James Carpenter will start at left guard against the 49ers. Carpenter and Paul McQuistan had been rotating at the position the past few weeks.
"He's earned that shot to do that and we've told him a couple of weeks ago we'd be in this type of rotation to give these guys a chance to really battle," Carroll said. "I love the fact that here we are, this late in the season, that we're still competing for spots."
AP NFL website: www.pro32.ap.org
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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- Shannon Drayer
What's next for the M's after their latest moves?
- Danny O'Neil
Person of Interest: Giants quarterback Eli Manning
- Danny O'Neil
Giants game will be prime opportunity for Seahawks


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Make bath time a special fun time with this Elmo puppet towel. The puppet head towel is made from soft absorbent heavy weight woven terry with Elmo's big round dimensional eyes and his funny orange nose. This towel will thrill and delight your baby. It is designed to make bathing fun. Towel: 27 in. x 30 in. Wash before using using non chlorine bleach. Tumble dry low. Do not iron.
"R"Web#: 934006
Manufacturer #: 2617160
Product Weight:0.9 pounds
Product Dimensions (in inches):10.0 x 7.7 x 2.3
Shipping Info:
Average Customer Rating:
(based on 26 reviews)
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
2 Stars
1 Stars
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Best Uses
Feels too small
Feels true to size
100% (3 reviews)
(3 reviews)
Feels too big
Most Helpful Positive Review
Elmo Towel/Secrurity Blanket
This Elmo towel gets my 19 month old daughter excited about bath time. She used to absolutely hate hooded towels, and would try her very best to somehow get away before I could get ...Read complete review
This Elmo towel gets my 19 month old daughter excited about bath time. She used to absolutely hate hooded towels, and would try her very best to somehow get away before I could get her all dried off. Now She wears it as a cape and I have to persuade her to give it back. On nights when I can't seem to find her favorite Elmo stuffed animal to sleep with, she'll run and find her towel to sleep with instead.Of course it bleeds in the wash since it's red, but if you wash it alone then there shouldn't be any problems with it. I also don't know what people were talking about with little red fluff everywhere. The towel has stayed intact through many a bath time (and now play time) for my little "Super Elmo" and has yet to fade or grow holes in it. Seeing as how this is the best Elmo toddler towel I've found yet, I'll probably be buying one or two more to hide with the rest of the towels that aren't intended for play time. :)
Most Helpful Critical Review
Great idea, lousy quality
Found this at the local BRU, and as our 8-month old loves to watch Elmo and loves taking baths, we thought this would be perfect for him. Washed it separately first and noticed...Read complete review
Found this at the local BRU, and as our 8-month old loves to watch Elmo and loves taking baths, we thought this would be perfect for him. Washed it separately first and noticed that the red terry piled off like crazy, and even worse attached to Elmo's eyes, giving him a bloodshot look.As we expected, my son was ecstatic when he got to "be" Elmo as he watched himself getting dried in the mirror, but imagine our dismay when we took the towel off and found him COVERED in red terry lint. We had to get another towel to try to brush the lint off, which was a chore.We thought that this would taper off with use, but even after washing a second time my son still gets covered in lint. I don't know how many times I would have to wash it to get it to stop doing this, but for now the towel sits in the pantry and we went back to using the BRU Koala plush towels, which are fantastic.
Reviewed by 26 customers
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Love this towel!
By Steph
from Draper, UT
About Me Parent of Two or More Children
Comments about Triboro Quilt Mfg Co Babies R Us Elmo Woven Terry Puppet Towel:
We love this towel! We received it as a gift 1.5 years ago, and it still looks great! It has been washed many times, and I've never had a problem with bleeding or pilling as other reviewers have described.
Comment on this review
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Head opening is way too small!
By TwinMom
from Dayton, Oh
About Me Parent of Multiples (Twins etc)
I bought this along with Cookie Monster for my twin boys. They were about 18 months old. They love their other hooded towels with generic characters that I got at [...]. I saw these and grabbed them, as my boys love these characters. I was so disappointed when I opened them, only to find that the hood was ALREADY too SMALL to fit over their heads!!! We couldn't even use these towels one time. But, I had already torn up all the packaging, and could not find my receipt. Unless your baby has a very small head, these are no good! I never even got to find out about the bleeding colors or lint problems...maybe it was a blessing that we never used them...
I would buy this product again and agai
By Yo
from NYC
About Me First Time Parent
See all my reviews
Great and soft
Great item!
By Mom of 2
from North Carolina
I love these towels! They are wonderful, durible and the kids love them too! I have used similar towels for five years and have just decided to buy new ones. I can't keep them out of the laundry basket! I would recommend these to every parent.
Good value for the price and super cute!
By Spreadsheet Mom
from Edmond, OK
This was the perfect baby shower gift for a friend's beautiful new baby - but also one that will be useful for many years to come. My five year old still loves his sesame street hoodie towel; it is still as cute and soft as it was when he was a baby.
By Kimbertrees
from Roseburg, OR
My daughter loves this towel.
By Mommy to a Princess
from PA
Very Cute
By Ava's Mommy
from Fort Worth, Texas
This towel is wonderful! We love it so much, we also bought the same one in Cookie Monster! The towel did not bleed in the washer, or leave red lint on my daughter, like some of the others have said. This towel is perfect for my daughter's 19 month old body, since she outgrew most of her "baby" towels. GREAT PRODUCT!
My daughter loves it!!
By PhillyMama
from Philadelphia, PA
I had no problems with this towel bleeding or with lint. I wash it cold water with other dark towels, and haven't had a problem. I agree the towel isn't the softest and is a little thin, but my 20 month old daughter loves it, and wants to walk around the house with it on when she sees it. I have to keep it hidden until bath time
(1 of 2 customers found this review helpful)
By Busy mom
from Minnesota
My son loves Elmo! We got this towel for his 2nd birthday last April and it's still in great shape. We have to hide the towel when we get it out of the dryer or else he wants to go straight to the bath tub. I haven't had any problems with bleeding or lint. Elmo's eyes are still bright white!
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Type of high-definition television (HDTV) image that is 1,080 vertical lines by 1,920 horizontal pixels wide, displayed in an interlaced format. (It has a 16:9 aspect ratio, 29.97 Hz frame rate, as defined by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) standard.)
A progressively scanned high definition video format with 1920 pixels and 1080 lines and a nominal frame rate of 24 frames per second
A progressively scanned high definition video format with 1920 pixels and 1080 lines and a nominal frame rate of 25 frames per second
Type of standard digital television (SDTV) image that is 480 lines by 720 pixels wide, displayed in interlaced format. (It has a 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratio, 29.97-Hz frame rate, as defined by the ATSC standard.)
High-definition television (HDTV) image that is 480 vertical lines by 720 horizontal pixels displayed in progressive format (It has a 4:3 or 16:9 aspect ratio, 59.94 Hz, 29.97 Hz, and 23.98 Hz frame rates, as defined by the ATSC standard.)
A set of sampling frequencies in the ratio 4:1:1, used to digitize the luminance and colour difference components (Y,R-Y,B-Y) of a video signal. Used in PAL DVCPRO recording.
A set of sampling frequencies in the ratio 4:2:0, used to digitise the luminance and colour difference components (Y,R-Y,B-Y) of a video signal. Used in PAL DVCAM recording.
A commonly used term for a component digital video format. The details of the format are specified in the ITU-R601 standard. The numerals 4:2:2 denote the ratio of the sampling frequencies of the luminance channel to the two colour difference channels. For every four luminance samples, there are two samples of each colour difference channel
A commonly used term for a high resolution component digital video format. The numerals 4:4:4 denote the ratio of the sampling frequencies of the luminance channel to the two colour difference channels. For every four luminance samples, there are four samples of each colour difference channel. 4:4:4 sampled signals are also available in a RGB format with equal sampling rates for each of the colour channels. These signals are commonly carried on a pair of coax cables according to the SMPTE 372M standard
A commonly used term for a composite digital video format. The details of the format are specified in the ITU-R601 standard. The numerals 4Fsc denote that the sampling frequency is 4 times the colour subcarrier frequency (approximately 14.3 MHz for NTSC and 17.7 MHz for PAL)
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Type of high-definition television (HDTV) image that is 720 vertical lines by 1,280 horizontal pixels wide, displayed in progressive format. (It has a 16:9 aspect ratio, 59.94 Hz, 29.97 Hz, and 23.98 Hz frame rates, as defined by the ATSC standard.)
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A to D converter (analog-to-digital)
A circuit that uses digital sampling to convert an analog signal into a digital representation of that signal
Additional Dialogue Recording. The process of replacing actors' lines by re-recording in a studio.
Advanced Television Enhancement Forum (ATVEF)
A standard for combining intellectual property (IP) data with television video.
Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC)
Committee established by the FCC to define new standards for publicly regulated broadcast television in the United States.
Audio Engineering Society. AES is a professional organisation that recommends standards for the audio industries
Informal name for a digital audio standard established jointly by the Audio Engineering Society and the European Broadcasting Union organisations. This audio standard is formally known as AES3 but may also be informally called AES/EBU audio or simply AES audio
A digital audio standard defined in 1992 by the AES/EBU
A digital audio standard defined and updated in 2001 by the AES/EBU
Active Format Description. AFD is intended to guide DTV receivers and/or intermediate professional video equipment regarding the display of video of one aspect ratio on a display of another aspect ratio
Automatic Gain Control
Defects or distortion in a video image, commonly seen as jagged edges on diagonal lines and twinkling or brightening (beating) in picture detail.
Alpha Channel
In electronic production and post-production, there is increasing application of 4:4:4:4 encoding ---- which provides full-bandwidth R', G', and B' plus the additional alpha channel to carry processing information. An adaptation from computer graphics, the alpha channel may contain information for linear key, for luminance and/or chroma transparency, for variable edge enhancement, and similar image-processing information
Level or intensity of Signal.
Analog Video / Analog Audio
A video or audio stream encoded into the voltage amplitudes of an electromagnetic wave
A type of waveform signal that contains information such as image, voice, and data. analogueueue signals have unpredictable height (amplitude) and width (frequency) and can vary infinitely over a given range.
Denotes a difference in magnification along mutually perpendicular axes. Typically, a scene is compressed laterally during recording and expanded during playback. Allows 'letterbox' or 'widescreen' images to be captured on standard format cameras. The effect can be obtained either optically or electronically.
Reduction of aliasing effects by software techniques. Typically used to smooth the edges of on-screen text.
Aperature, camera
The available maximum dimensions of the optical image on the active surface of the photo-sensor, within which good quality image information is being recorded. The camera aperture determines the maximum usable scene information captured and introduced into the system, and available for subsequent processing and display
Aperature, clean
The clean aperture in a video digital system defines an inner picture area (within the production aperture) within which the picture information is subjectively uncontaminated by all edge transient distortions
Aperature, production
A production aperture for a studio digital video signal defines an active picture area produced by signal sources such as cameras, telecines, digital video tape recorders, and computer-generated pictures. It is recommended that all of this video information be carefully carefully produced, stored, and properly processed by subsequent digital equipment
Aperature, safe action
A safe action aperture indicates the safe action image area within which all significant action must take place, to ensure visibility of the information on the majority of home television receivers
Aperature, safe title
A safe title aperture indicates the safe title image area, within which the most important information must be confined, to ensure visibility of the information on the majority of home television receivers
Aspect Ratio Conversion. A process that crops or distorts the image to suit different display formats, eg convert 16:9 footage to 4:3. High end versions use software interpolation to compensate for loss of information.
ARRI Code
An in-camera film timecode system, exposed in the camera during filming, carries machine-readable data (a modulated series bars similar to SMPTE LTC for each film frame). ARRI Code specifically contains the production timecode data, hour, minute, second, frame, year, month, day, and camera ID. ARRI Code is readable by Evertz UV series reader heads and model 5550 Universal decoder
A defect or distortion of the image, introduced along the sequence from origination and image capture to final display
Aspect ratio
Ratio between the width and height of the video image. Standard National Television System Committee (NTSC), phase-alternation line (PAL), Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) (standard definition) and digital video broadcasting (DVB) (standard definition) use a 4:3 ratio; ATSC and DVB high-definition formats use a 16:9 format.
Assemble Edit
Editing where material is combined to produce
Asynchronous serial interface (ASI)
Transmission standard defined by the digital video broadcast (DVB) used to connect video delivery equipment within a cable, satellite, or terrestrial plant.
Ancillary Time Code.
Device designed to reduce the strength of an
Audio Dub
Re-recording the audio track of a video recording
Average Picture Level (APL)
In video systems, the average level of the picture signal during active scanning time integrated over a frame period; defined as a percentage of the range between blanking and reference white level
Audio Video Interleave. A frequently used file format for storing video (and audio, if required) information in computer.
Angle between the gap of a tape head and the plane of head to tape movement.
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B frame
An MPEG-2 compressed video frame derived by extrapolation between previous and future frames.
Back Focus
Adjustment of the taking lens so that the lens shows the same F value as the first relay lens.
Back Projection
Where screen receives the picture from behind.
Backing Track
Pre-recorded audio accompaniment.
Balanced Audio
A method of transmitting audio that resists interference by sending a signal and its electrically inverse signal. Noise pickup along the transmission path is cancelled out as the two signals are differentially combined at the receiving end. This method of transmission is designed for long and/or exposed cable runs
A measure of the capacity of a circuit or channel -- the amount of information transferred between points within a specified time period.
batch capture
Automatic capture ('digitising') of multiple video clips based on timecode.
Magnetic field applied to the recording head separately from the programme signals itself to better align tape type.
A binary representation of 0 or 1. One of the quantized levels of a pixel.
Bit Error Rate (BER)
The average probability of a digital recording system reproducing a bit in error. It is the ratio of the number of characters of a message incorrectly received to the number of characters of the message received
Bit Rate
The speed at which bits are transmitted, usually expressed in bits per second. With video information, in a digitized image for example, is transferred, recorded, and reproduced through the production process at some rate (bits/s) appropriate to the nature and capabilities of the origination, the channel, and the receptor
Bit Resolution
The number of bits (four, eight, ten, etc.) determines the resolution of the signal. Eight bits is the minimum resolution for broadcast television signals.- 4 bits = a resolution of 1 in 16 - 8 bits = a resolution of 1 in 256 - 10 bits = a resolution of 1 in 1024
Bit Stream
A continuous series of bits transmitted on a line
Period during picture while scanning spot returns to top of screen.
Blanking level
That level of a composite video signal that separates the range containing picture information from the range containing synchronizing information
Blue Only
Mode that enables VTR noise to become more visible on a screen.
Acronym for British Naval Connector or Bayonet Nut Connector or Bayonet Neill Concelman - a coaxial cable connector used extensively in professional television systems. These connectors have a characteristic impedance of 75? and are standardized by the IEC 169-8 standard
Microphone or lighting support set nominally parallel to the floor usually held by a vertical stand.
Term that generally refers to high-bandwith capacity. Broadband has a multi-channel capacity that is greater than or equal to 45 Mbps (US standard) or 34 Mbps (European/international standard).
Burn In
Used to be prevalent in tube cameras where image was retained semi-permanently on the target area of the camera pick-up tube caused by shooting excessively bright objects.
Short period of colour subcarrier added to each line sync period.
Burst Flag
Pulse signals for Horizontal scanning frequency used to extract from the colour subcarrier wave a continuous wave which has an established phase relationship with colour signals for transmission.
High band recorder/player (Broadcast Video U-matic) not compatible with standard PAL u-matic.
Prefix for Sony Betacam SP broadcast grade equipment
A complete set of quantized levels containing all the bits. Bytes consisting of 8 to 10 bits per sample are typical in digital video systems
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Cable equalisation
The process of altering the frequency response of a video amplifier to compensate for high frequency losses in coaxial cable
Capstan Motor
The rotating motor driven shaft that governs the linear speed of the tape in video or audio tape transports.
Term for artwork, lettering or diagrams used in video programmes.
Microphone with a directional pick-up pattern.
Recording medium with both take-up and supply spools enclosed in a semi dustproof container
Charge Coupled Device. Light sensitive chip used for optical scanning.
International Radio Consultative Committee. An international standards committee. (This organization is now known as ITU)
Camera Control Unit. Allows remote control of many camera engineering functions.
Compact Disc. Laser read disc digitally encoded for perfect reproduction.
Chroma Key
Technique which allows a vision mixer to substitute a saturated colour (blue or yellow) in a picture for another source (captions, slides, film).
Part of video signal that conveys colour information.
Cliff Effect
(Also referred to as the 'Digital Cliff') This is a phenomenon found in digital video systems that describes the sudden deterioration of picture quality due to excessive bit errors, often caused by excessive cable lengths. The digital signal will be perfect even though one of its signal parameters is approaching or passing the specified limits. At a given moment however, the parameter will reach a point where the data can no longer be interpreted correctly, and the picture will be totally unrecognisable
Closed Caption
A system of encoding word characters onto certain lines of a video stream which can be decoded and displayed by a compatible television. Provides program subtitles for the hearing impaired
An acronym of Compression, Decompression. A device or piece of software which takes one file or signal format and translates it to another with an ideally undetectable loss of quality
Coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM)
The modulation scheme selected by the DVB committee for digital terrestrial broadcast television.
The magnetising force required to reduce the magnetism of a sample to zero (used when testing tape).
Colour Bars
Specific strips of colour used to test image quality.
Colour Black
An analog video signal that displays a black screen. This signal is often used as a reference signal for timing purposes
Recording of colour signal in separate component parts, e.g. chrominance and luminance, to avoid artefacts caused by composite methods.
Component analogue
The non-encoded analog output of a camera, video tape recorder, etc., consisting of the three primary colour signals: red, green, and blue (RGB) that together convey all necessary picture information. In some component video formats these three components have been translated into a luminance signal and two colour difference signals, for example Y, B-Y, R-Y
Component Colour
Structure of a video signal wherein the R, G, and B signals are kept separate from one another or wherein luminance and two band-limited color-difference signals are kept separate from one another. The separation may be achieved by separate channels, or by time-division multiplexing, or by a combination of both
Component Digital
A digital representation of a component analog signal set, most often Y, B-Y, R-Y. The encoding parameters are specified by CCIR-601. CCIR-656 and SMPTE 125M specify the parallel interface
Signal comprising luminance and chrominance using one of the coding standards, e.g. PAL.
Composite Analogue
An encoded video signal such as NTSC or PAL video that includes horizontal and vertical synchronising information
Composite Colour
Structure of a video signal wherein the luminance and two band-limited color-difference signals are simultaneously present in the channel. The format may be achieved by frequency-division multiplexing, quadrature modulation, etc
Composite Digital
A digitally encoded video signal, such as NTSC or PAL video that includes horizontal and vertical synchronising information
A mathematical method of reducing the amount of digital information needed to re-create a television picture or frame.
Conditional access (CA)
A cryptographic technique for controlling which receivers are able to access a particular signal.
Content protection (CP)
Cryptographic and design techniques used to limit how data flows within a receiving device and between devices. This is generally used to restrict copying of copyright-protected material.
A gain control range between dark and light levels.
Control Track
The portion along the video tape which contains the synchronisation information to control playback.
Accuracy of colour registration.
Interference of one signal with another.
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A component digital video recording format that uses data conforming to the ITU-R601 standard. Records on 19mm magnetic tape. (Often used incorrectly to refer to component digital video)
A composite digital video recording format that uses data conforming to SMPTE 244M. Records on 19mm magnetic tape. (Often used incorrectly to refer to composite digital video)
A composite digital video recording format that uses data conforming to SMPTE 244M. Records on 1/2" magnetic tape
A component digital video recording format that uses data conforming to the ITU-R601 standard. Records on 1/2" magnetic tape
Digital Audio Reference Signal. A reference signal conforming to the format and electrical specification of the AES3 standard, but often has only the preamble active. This signal is used for synchronization in digital audio studio applications. The recommended practice AES11-1997 gives further information on the use of a DARS reference
Digital audio tape for high quality digital audio.
Jargon referring to the propagation of information from one source to another source.
Daylight saving time (DST)
Daylight Saving Time (DST) or Summer Time as it is called in many countries, is a way of getting more daylight out of the summer days by advancing the clocks by one hour during the summer. Then, the sun will appear to rise one hour later in the morning when people are usually asleep anyway, at the benefit of one hour longer evenings when awake. The sunset and sunrise are one hour later than during normal time
dB FS
Abbreviation for "decibels full scale," a unit of power as measured by a digital device. A digital measurement has a maximum value M depending on the number of bits used. If the actual power measurement is p, the dB FS value displayed is 20 log10(p/M) dB FS. Since p cannot exceed M, this reading is always negative
dB m, dB W
Logarithmic units of power used in electronics. These units measure power in decibels above the reference level of 1 milliwatt in the case of dB m and 1 watt in the case of dB W. A power of n watts equals 10 log n dB W; conversely, a power of p dB W equals 10(p/10) watts. The same formulas link dB m to milliwatts. An increase of 10 dB m or 10 dB W represents a 10-fold increase in power. Since 1 watt = 1000 milliwatts, 0 dB W = 30 dB m
dB u
A logarithmic unit of power, similar to dB m but computed from voltage measurements. The reference level is 0.775 volts, the voltage which generates a power of 1 milliwatt across a circuit having an impedance of 600?. A voltage of V volts corresponds to a power of 20 log10(V/0.775) dB u
dB- (prefix)
A symbol indicating that a measurement is made using a logarithmic scale similar to that of the decibel in that a difference of 10 dB- corresponds to a factor of 10. In each case, the actual measurement is compared to a fixed reference level r and the "decibel" value is defined to be 10 log10(a/r). Many units of this kind have been used and only a few of the more common ones are mentioned in the next entries. In each case the dB symbol is followed by a second symbol identifying the specific measurement. Often the two symbols are not separated (as in "dBA"), but the Audio Engineering Society recommends that a space be used (as in "dB A")
The process of extracting an embedded signal from an input stream to generate two separate signals, perhaps with different standards. This term is often used to describe the process of extracting AES audio that has been embedded onto a serial digital video signal
decibel (dB)
A customary logarithmic measure most commonly used (in various ways) for measuring sound. The human ear is capable of detecting an enormous range of sound intensities. Furthermore, our perception is not linear. Experiment shows that when humans perceive one sound to be twice as loud as another, in fact the louder sound is about ten times as intense as the fainter one. For this reason, sound is measured on logarithmic scales. Informally, if one sound is 1 bel (10 decibels) "louder" than another, this means the louder sound is 10 times louder than the fainter one. A difference of 20 decibels corresponds to an increase of 10 x 10 or 100 times in intensity. The beginning of the scale, 0 decibels, can be set in different ways, depending on exactly which aspect of sound is being measured. See also dB-
Device for reducing residual magnetism.
A method for extracting digital information stored in a specific pattern on a radio frequency (RF) signal.
An abbreviation for 'de-multiplexing' which is the separation of Multiplexed data streams for dispersal to different devices. This term is often used synonymously with De-embedding when used to describe the process of extracting AES audio that has been embedded onto a serial digital video signal
Information sent as a series of high (1) and low (0) signals separated by a fixed period of time. Signals formed of series of coded pulses (numbers) as distinct from continuous analogue signals.
Digital light projection (DLP)
A technique developed by Texas Instruments that creates a video image on a piece of silicon and uses mirrors and light to project the image onto a viewable screen.
Digital satellite service (DSS)
MPEG-2-based digital transmission format (e.g., DirectTV).
Digital set-top-box (DSTB)
A device that receives and decodes digital video broadcasts for consumer viewing.
Digital television (DTV)
A device that receives, decodes, and displays digital video broadcasts (in both high-definition and standard-definition formats) for consumer viewing.
Digital Video / Digital Audio
A video or audio stream encoded into binary digits instead of wavelengths and amplitudes
Digital video broadcast (DVB)
MPEG-2-based digital television standard that defines formats for cable, satellite, and terrestrial broadcast.
Deutscher Industrie Nornenausschus, a German standards body.
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
A step used in the MPEG coding process to convert data from spatial to temporal domain.
Vision mixer effect where picture fades out as second picture fades in.
Distribution Amplifier
An electronic device which accepts a broadcast signal, amplifies it, and then outputs the same signal many times. Essentially a signal copying device
Model number prefix for Sony Digital Betacam broadcast grade equipment
A converter which takes an HDTV signal and rescales it into a standard definition TV signal
A broadcasting term meaning closer to the point of final transmission. Indicates the system is robust enough to handle "on-air" signals with confidence
Downstream Keyer
A caption superimposer on mixer output, i.e. not affected by the vision mixer standard.
A method of adjusting the nominal 30 frame per second counting rate of SMPTE 12M-1 time code to the actual counting rate of approximately 29.97 frames per second - a difference of 1 part in 1001. This correction drops 108 frames per hour by skipping frame counts 0 and 1 at the beginning of each minute, except minutes 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50. See also LTC and VITC
Loss of signal during replay caused by lack of magnetic coating on a portion of videotape, or by particles of dirt or grease.
Dropout Compensator
Device which reduces subjective effect of videotape dropout by repeating a previous signal.
Mechanical assembly containing the headwheel in a helical scan VTR.
Model number prefix for Sony DVCAM professional grade equipment
Digital Video Broadcast-Asynchronous Serial Interface. A standard definition digital video standard with a bit rate of 270Mb/s
Model number prefix for Sony Digital Betacam broadcast grade equipment
Dense Wave Division Multiplexing. A method for combining multiple fiber optic signals of different wavelengths onto a single strand of cable in a much smaller wavelength spectrum than CWDM. Dense Wave Division Multiplexing allows up to 80 separate channels of data to be carried over a single optical cable using different wavelengths for each channel
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Emergency Alert System. A broadcast warning system in the United States that either interrupts normal broadcasting, or displays an alert which crawls across the video picture. EAS alerts also contain an audible alert message
Abbreviation for "End of Active Video". A digital synchronization sequence consisting of a sequence of four consecutive code words (a code word of all ones, a code word of all zeros, another code word of all zeros, and a code word including F (field/frame), V (vertical), H (horizontal), P3, P2, P1, and P0 (parity) bits.) which is used to designate the start of the horizontal blanking interval of the digital line. See also SAV
European Broadcasting Union. EBU is an organisation of European broadcasters that among other activities provides technical recommendations for the 625/50 line television systems
The EBU recommendation for the parallel interface of 625 line digital video signal. This is a revision of the earlier EBU Tech 3246-E standard, which was in turn derived from ITU-R601
Error Detection and Handling (EDH) is defined in SMPTE RP 165 as a method of determining when bit errors have occurred along the digital video path. According to RP 165, two error detection checkwords are used, one for active picture samples, and the other on a full field of samples. Three sets of flags are used to convey information regarding detected errors, to facilitate identification of faulty equipment or cabling. One set of flags is associated with each checkword, and the third is used to evaluate ancillary data integrity. The checkwords and flags are combined into a special error detection data packet that is included as ancillary data in the serial digital signal
Edit Controller
Electronic console which allows the EDITOR to assemble or insert sections of a programme. Special effects and other ancilliary equipment may be controlled by this unit.
Assembling a programme by transposing or combining separate recorded sequences either by physically cutting and splicing tape (audio or film) or selective electronic copying.
Editing Equipment
Equipment used to compile a finished program from tapes and other sources.
Person responsible for assembling sections of often non-sequentially shot action and sound into a coherent pattern which reflects the vision of the DIRECTOR.
Electronic Field Production similar to ENG but often with multiple cameras.
A Closed Caption standard for SD-SDI television signals
A Closed Caption standard for HD-SDI television signals
Similar to a condenser microphone but with a permanent charge on the foil so avoiding the need for a polarising voltage.
Digital audio is multiplexed onto a serial digital video data stream according to the SMPTE 272M (standard definition) or SMPTE 299M (high definition) standards
The process of combining one type of signal with another such that both signals can be transmitted using the standard of just one. This term is often used to describe the process of inserting AES audio into a serial digital video signal
A mathematical technique for scrambling information such that only those with a key piece of information can unscramble the information to recreate the original message.
Electronic News Gathering.
Enhanced television
Any of several techniques for providing a viewer with additional information associated with a television program or advertisement.
A protocol for connecting computers over a Local Area Network (LAN)
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F Number
Camera iris calibration obtained by dividing the focal length by the effective iris diameter.
Gradual increase or decrease in audio or video signal strength.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
The U.S. government body responsible for setting and enforcing regulations of transmissions over publicly accessible airwaves.
Where sound or pictures loop back on themselves producing whistles or multiple images.
Fiber Optics
A method of encoding digital information into a pulsing laser, allowing much higher transmission bandwidth than copper cable
Even or odd line component of a frame in an interlaced TV system (see Frame).
Frame Interline Transfer.
Vertical break up at top of picture on poor VTR recordings.
Flying Erase
Facility for erasing single video tracks from a rotating head instead of a fixed head.
A single stationary television or film image. In European television 25 frames per second are scanned to give the impression of continuous movement. Each frame may be composed of two interlaced fields in order to provide smoother motion (50i).
Frame Code
Absolute address system for each frame, recorded in the vertical blanking period.
Frame Synchronizer
A device which retimes an incoming video signal to a set reference such as genlock, bi-level or tri-level sync signals
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Ratio of amplification of attenuation usually expressed in decibels.
Means of locking local SPG into incoming or pre-recorded video to provide full synchronisation.
General Purpose Interface. A method for communicating with electronic systems by utilizing relay or electronic contact closure inputs and outputs. This term may also be an acronym for General Purpose Input, which is the contact closure input of a General Purpose Interface
General Purpose Output. The contact closure output of a General Purpose Interface
Global Positioning System. A collection of 24 orbiting satellites operated by the US Department of Defense. Using signals transmitted to and from these satellites, electronic devices can pinpoint their location and the local time and time zone automatically
In monitors. 1 is full broadcast colour balance standard. 2 is general purpose and 3 is a converted domestic receiver.
Device which allows for the shaping of audio frequency responses in a visual manner.
A group of lines inserted over a video signal to allow for measurement and alignment of the image. In a film camera the graticule is ground into the glass of the optical viewfinder to allow the cinematographer to properly frame the image
Guard Band
Blank region between recorded magnetic tape tracks to eliminate crosstalk.
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Hole Accumulated Diode.
Horizontal Ancillary Data. Acronym for ancillary data packets carried in the horizontal blanking intervals of a digital television signal. May also refer to the data space located in the horizontal blanking interval where these packets are carried. Ancillary data packets contain metadata associated with the video or audio of a television bitstream.
A Panasonic HDTV component digital video recording format that uses data conforming to the ITU-R709 standard. Records on 1/2" magnetic tape
A Sony HDTV component digital video recording format that uses data conforming to the ITU-R709 standard. Records on 1/2" magnetic tape
High Definition Serial Digital Interface. A bit-serial digital interface for HDTV component signals operating at data rates of 1.485 Gb/s and 1.485/1.001 Gb/s. The HDSDI interface is standardized in SMPTE 292M and can be carried over coaxial and fiber optic cables
Model number prefix for Sony HDCAM equipment
Devices for the recording and retrieval of magnetic information. VTR\'s can employ several kinds of head; rotating video heads an audio head, a control head and an erase head.
Helical Scan
This system used in video recorders and DAT recorders wraps the tape around a rotating drum so that the pattern recorded on the tape is a series of long, parallel and diagonally-slanted tracks
High Band
Recording in which the luminance FM deviation is from 4.8 to 6.4 Mhz and the colour under frequency is 924 Khz.
High-definition television (HDTV)
High-definition video formats that have 16:9 aspect ratio
The number of horizontal lines which are used to make up one full frame (two fields) of a video picture. The greater the number of lines the better defined the picture.
Attribute of a visual sensation according to which an area appears to be similar to one of the perceived colors, red, yellow, green, and blue, or to a combination of two of them
Model number prefix for Sony professional grade HDV equipment
Hyper HAD
HAD sensor with a layer of micro condensing lenses over each pixel.
Hypertext markup language (HTML)
Standard text format used for Internet documents.
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I frame
An MPEG-2-compressed video frame containing most of the original information. Used as a reference to build subsequent B and P frames.
The standard for a digital connection or bus used to transfer data between two independent systems. The 1394a standard provides 400-Mbps bandwidth and the reach is limited to 3 or 4 meters. The 1394b standard extends the bandwidth to 800 Mbps and the reach to a whole-house environment.
IF-band (70/140MHz)
A frequency band with two frequencies: 70MHz and 140MHz. Usually used by satellite studios to uplink to a satellite transmission system
Image Enhancer
Electronic device for increasing picture quality.
Image Intensifier
Enables a camera to operate under very low light levels.
A measurement of opposition to electrical current exhibited by a circuit or device, taking into account resistance and AC reactance
With wireless remote control pulses for video recorders are transmitted by an infrared light emitting diode. Infrared radiation is invisible.
Editing where material replaces a section within the existing recording.
Interactive television
A capability in DTV or DSTB that allows a user to control the action of the television and view the results of his/her action on the television.
A system of internal audio communication within a building or corporation over a number of well-defined standards such as RTS-Telex and ClearCom
System of making up a complete TV picture by scanning half of the total number of lines making up the frame in one pass of the electron beam, followed by a scan of the missing interleaving lines to complete the field.
A scanning technique in a video system where odd and even horizontal lines of a video frame are displayed during alternating update cycles. Lines 1, 3, 5, etc., are displayed during the first cycle, creating one field. Lines 2, 4, 6, etc., are displayed on the second cycle, creating the next field. Two fields combine to make one frame.
Inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT)
A step in the MPEG decoding process to convert data from temporal back to spatial domain.
IRE units
A linear scale in arbitrary units developed by the Institute of Radio Engineers for measuring, the relative amplitudes of the various components of a television signal. Reference white is assigned a value of 100, blanking a value of 0. One IRE unit corresponds to 7 1/7 mv in CCIR System M/NTSC and to 7.0 mv in all other systems
Device for reducing light intensity, typically in the camera.
International Organization for Standardization. The ISO and its affiliated International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) are the two major global standards-making groups
The United Nations regulatory body governing all forms of communications. ITU-R (previously CCIR) regulates the radio frequency spectrum, while ITU-T (previously CCITT) deals with the telecommunications standards
An international standard for The PAL composite analog television system
An international standard for component digital television from which was derived SMPTE 125M and EBU 3246-E standards. ITUR-601 defines the sampling systems, matrix values and filter characteristics for both Y, B-Y, R-Y and RGB component digital television signals. This document was formerly known as CCIR-601. and may be referred to informally as 601 or Rec 601
The physical parallel and serial interconnect scheme for ITU-R601. ITU-R656 defines the parallel connector pinout as well as the blanking, sync and multiplexing schemes used in both parallel and serial interfaces. It reflects definitions found in EBU Tech 3267 (for 625 line systems) and SMPTE 125M (parallel 525 line systems) and SMPTE 259M (serial 525 line systems). This document was formerly known as CCIR-656
An international standard for high definition component digital television from which was derived SMPTE 274M and SMPTE 296M standards. ITU-R-709 defines the sampling systems, matrix values and filter characteristics for both Y, B-Y, R-Y and RGB high definition component digital television signals. This document may be referred to informally as 709 or Rec 709
The standard for analog PAL (625 line) broadcasting signals. Equivalent to the NTSC (525 line) SMPTE 170M standard
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The variation in timing and/or displacement upon transmission or arrival of digital signal. High Jitter can severely degrade the performance of an otherwise ideal system by introducing unwanted noise at the receiver
Joint Photographic Experts Group. An international standards group functioning under ISO and IEC, developing international standards for image compression algorithms for continuous-tone still color pictures
A temporal artifact associated with moving images when the image is sampled at one frame rate and converted to a different frame rate for display. As a result, motion vectors in the display may appear to represent discontinuously varying velocities
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A device which inserts data into the video bit stream based upon a supplied key signal. The data can be video/audio overlay, or broadcast data
A system of latent edge numbers developed by Eastman Kodak. A similar system known as MR Code is used by Fuji Film. These human readable and machine readable (barcode) numbers are located on the edge of motion picture film stock and are used to number film frames during post production. Tracking these KeyKode numbers accurately is essential for successful post production of film originated material
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A frequency band ranging from 950MHz-2150MHz and used mainly in satellite signal transmission over fiber. Multiple sub-carriers within this spectrum carry many video channels to satellite recievers where single channels can be selected
Microphone suspended from speaker\'s neck. Often used to describe modern miniature \'tie-clip\' microphones.
Uncoated coloured tape used to separate start or finish items. Also refers to film stock used for same purpose.
Optical device for collecting light from a scene and directing it towards the CCD or film.
Letterbox describes a video frame that the image fails to fill vertically, requiring bars without picture information at the top and/or the bottom of the image
Lip Microphone
Commentator's microphone which is rested on the lip in order to provide maximum background noise cancelling.
Logo Inserter
A specific type of keyer which inserts static or animated images or "bugs" into a video bit stream overlaying the image
Low Band
Recording in which the luminance FM deviation is from 3.8 to 5.4 MHZ and the colour under frequency is 685 KHZ.
Linear Time Code or Longitudinal Time Code. This time and address control signal standardised by SMPTE 12M-1 has been in widespread use in the professional video and audio industries since 1975. It is typically written on a time code or address track of a video recorder and provides an individual frame number for each video frame recorded. LTC is also commonly used to distribute time of day information to wall clocks, automation systems and other devices throughout a television facility. In regions of the world using the NTSC or similar non-integer (1/1.001) frame rates, LTC locked to the video frame rate does not maintain accurate time and must be corrected regularly when it is used convey time of day information. (See also Drop Frame and VITC)
Monochrome component of colour signal.
Basic metric unit of illumination.
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A digital video standard similar to DVB-ASI but using a different method to time incoming data packets. This limits the bit rate of M2S to 100Mb/s
A copy-protection scheme that inhibits illegal copying of analogueueue television programs. Macrovision Corporation developed and licenses the technology.
First generation recording.
Matrix Time Code
See AatonCode
A device used to turn sound wave energy into an electronic signal for recording or transmission.
Mini Jack
3.5mm jack plug and socket system.
Occurs when the video heads do not scan the recorded tracks correctly, causing visible disturbances on the screen. This can usually be eliminated by adjusting the tracking control.
A technique for embedding digital information in a radio carrier wave for broadcast.
Device to convert audio and video signals into high frequency transmission signals.
Video display screen or audio loudspeaker.
Motion compensation (MC)
A step in the MPEG-2 video decompression (decoding) process.
A digital video and audio compression (encoding) technique defined by the Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG).
Model number prefix for Sony IMX equipment
Generally, multicasting refers to propagation from one source to only a subset of potential destinations. It also means a technique for simultaneously sending multiple DTV programs on a single channel. The frequency used to carry a single analogueueue television program can be used to carry up to six digital programs.
An abbreviation of 'multiplexing' which is a method of joining of two or more data streams for co-transmission over the same hardware. When used as a noun it describes the device that does the multiplexing. This term is often used synonymously with Embedding when used to describe the process of inserting AES audio into a serial digital video signal
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National Association of Broadcasters. Used as a term for standards specified by the organisation.
NAB Cartridge
A standard endless loop cartridge.
NAB Spool
A 26.6cm diameter tape spool with a large central hole.
National Television System Committee (NTSC)
The committee that decided on the compatible colour television system for the US. The FCC adopted it in 1953.
The public domain software package called NTP (Network Time Protocol) is an implementation of the TCP/IP network protocol with the same name. NTP is now widely used around the world to achieve high accuracy time synchronization for computers across a network. The protocol supports an accuracy of time down to nanoseconds however; the real accuracy that can be achieved also depends on the operating system and the network performance
National Television Standards Committee. An analog video format with 525 lines per frame, used as the broadcast standard for United States, Canada, Japan and several other countries
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Equally sensitive in all directions.
On Screen Display. A system where important information such as graphs and warnings overwrite a visual display
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P frame
An MPEG-2 compressed video frame containing original information and information derived from previous frames.
Phase Alteration Line. An analog video format with 625 lines per frame, used as the standard for most European broadcasters, and other parts of the world outside North America and Japan
To swivel a camera about a fixed axis.
Pan-Scan information is a set of data that is intended to guide professional video equipment in extracting an image to be presented in an aspect ratio that is different from that in which the material was produced or distributed. Independent parameters are provided for pan (horizontal displacement), tilt (vertical displacement), vertical size, horizontal size and output aspect ratio. Pan-Scan information is not intended for use beyond the production and distribution environments. AFD and Bar Data are described in a forthcoming SMPTE standard
Pay-per-view (PPV)
A technique of controlling television access whereby the customer is charged on the basis of what programs he/she watches.
Model number prefix for Sony XDCAM HD & SD products using optical disc technology
Black level or set-up in a composite video signal. (EBU = 300mv NTSC = 375mv) Pedestal is zero in COMPONENT or DIGITAL signals. Also term for a studio camera mount.
Phantom Power
Power fed through microphone cable from mixer, etc. to mike without interfering with the audio signal.
Phase-alternating line (PAL)
The analogueueueue colour video composite system developed in Europe and used by countries around the world. It is similar to the NTSC standard, but it uses a sub-carrier phase alternation technique that makes certain kinds of transmission errors appear to cancel.
Pillarbox describes a frame that the image fails to fill horizontally, requiring bars without picture information at the left and/or right sides of the image. The term "sidebar" and "pillarbar" are sometimes used to pillarbox in a 16:9 display area
The smallest unit of colour in a display. Frames are made up of lines and columns of pixels. The number of pixel lines in each frame expresses video resolution.
Plasma display panel (PDP)
Flat panel display using plasma electronic technology.
Model number prefix for Sony XDCAM EX HD products using solid state recording technology
Post Production
The final phase in video production in which editing and dubbing are carried out.
A picture-scanning process where all the lines of the image are scanned by every vertical scan.
Model number prefix for Sony professional grade Betacam SP equipment
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Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
A modulation method used by cable DTV that combines changes in phase and amplitude to send four bits with each baud.
Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)
A modulation method used by satellite DTV that transmits information by varying the phase of a sine wave.
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Radio frequency (RF)
Refers to the use of radio carrier waves to transmit a broadcast signal.
Unmodulated TV picture comprising horizontal lines.
Rewriteable consumer time code, 8mm consumer time code written without reference to audio or video.
A method for signal regeneration and jitter reduction involving clock and data recovery
Red, green, blue (RGB)
The basic colour signals used to drive a display.
Redundant array of independent disks (RAID)
Used to store video programming in video production and delivery environments.
Ability of the picture to resolve fine detail. The greater the resolution the sharper the picture.
Maximum remanent magnetism possible in a magnetic material.
The three primary colour signals: red, green, and blue (RGB) that together convey all necessary picture information. In normal high definition digital video, these three primary components are scaled such that the extreme values are code words 040h (64) and 3ACh (940) in a 10-bit representation. See also FSRGB
Rostrum Camera
A fixed camera mounted vertically for shooting complicated graphics or animation.
A multi-input, multi-output device that allows for quick switching from one video input to another without recabling
The SMPTE Recommended Practice for the definition of the vertical interval switching point for synchronous video switching. This recommended practice also defines a default alignment between standard definition and high definition synchronizing pulse signals
Serial communication standard used mainly by computers.
Serial communication standard used for broadcast equipment control.
A common interface standard for serial data communications equipment
A serial data standard which allows one transmitter to send communication data to up to 10 receivers
A "party-line" serial data standard with up to 32 transmitters and receivers. Only one line transmitts data at a time while all other lines can receive simultaneously
Rack Unit. A standard unit of measurement equivalent to 1.75 inches or 45 mm, used for audio-visual equipment racks
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S Connector
Video connector used for video signals with separate luminance and chrominance (YC) - normally 4 pin as in HI-8 or S-VHS.
Super-video or Component video. A format in which a video signal is split into a Luminance (brightness) component and a Chrominance (color) component
Signal to noise ratio (normally the greater the better).
Abbreviation for "Start of Active Video". A digital synchronization sequence consisting of a sequence of four consecutive code words (a code word of all ones, a code word of all zeros, another code word of all zeros, and a code word including F (field/frame), V (vertical), H (horizontal), P3, P2, P1, and P0 (parity) bits.) which is used to designate the end of the horizontal blanking interval. The pixel immediately following the SAV is known as pixel 0 and designates the first pixel of the specific line of the digital image. See also EAV
Scart Connector
Or peritel 21 pin euro standard connector used to carry various signal information including audio and video.
Serial Digital Interface. A bit-serial digital interface for SDTV component signals operating at data rates ranging from 19.4Mb/s up to 540Mb/s. The SDI interface is standardized in SMPTE 259M, SMPTE 310M and can be carried over coaxial and fiber optic cables
Sequential colour with memory, system used in France.
Sequential Switcher
Typically a device used in surveillance to provide dis-continuous monitoring of two or more outputs on a single display screen.
Serial data transport interface (SDTI)
Transmission standard defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) to transmit compressed digital video using serial digital video interface (SDI) connections.
Serial Digital (SDI)
Serial Digital Interface a standardised interface for transmitting digital television signals using a coaxial cable in serial form. Often used informally to refer to the 4:2:2 sampled standard definition serial digital television signals as specified in SMPTE 259M
Serial digital video interface (SDI)
Transmission standard defined by SMPTE which is used to connect video production equipment to transfer SD video at 270, 360, or 540 Mbps and HD video at 1.485 Gbps.
A computer terminal dedicated to serving stored data to other computers connected to a network. Multiple servers may be connected in areas such as electronic newsrooms and the Internet.
Electronic regulator for a motor providing precise control.
Acronym for segmented
A single stationary television or film image. In European television 25 frames per second are scanned to give the impression of continuous movement. Each frame may be composed of two interlaced fields in order to provide smoother motion (50i).
which is a method of transporting
A picture-scanning process where all the lines of the image are scanned by every vertical scan.
HDTV images over an
High Definition Serial Digital Interface. A bit-serial digital interface for HDTV component signals operating at data rates of 1.485 Gb/s and 1.485/1.001 Gb/s. The HDSDI interface is standardized in SMPTE 292M and can be carried over coaxial and fiber optic cables
interface. The picture is progressively scanned, however it is divided into two segments, containing the odd and even lines. The segments are then sent out the serial
Information sent as a series of high (1) and low (0) signals separated by a fixed period of time. Signals formed of series of coded pulses (numbers) as distinct from continuous analogue signals.
interface in the same way that the fields of an
A scanning technique in a video system where odd and even horizontal lines of a video frame are displayed during alternating update cycles. Lines 1, 3, 5, etc., are displayed during the first cycle, creating one field. Lines 2, 4, 6, etc., are displayed on the second cycle, creating the next field. Two fields combine to make one frame.
video signal are. This format is often used at nominal
A single stationary television or film image. In European television 25 frames per second are scanned to give the impression of continuous movement. Each frame may be composed of two interlaced fields in order to provide smoother motion (50i).
rates of 24, 25 or 30 frames per second
Vertical break up of picture on poor VTR recordings.
Skew Regulator
This adjusts tape tension when a tape is changed to avoid skewing distortion at the top of the screen resulting from the video track length altering after the changeover.
A secondary machine (usually VTR) controlled by a primary 'Master' machine.
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. SMPTE is a professional organisation that recommends standards for the film and television industries. Evertz is a sustaining member of this engineering organization
The SMPTE standard for bit parallel digital interface for component video signals. SMPTE 125M defines the parameters required to generate and distribute component video signals on a parallel interface for 525 line video systems
The SMPTE standard for the Time and Address Control signal in widespread use in the professional video and audio industries. SMPTE 12M-1 defines the specifications for both Linear Time Code (LTC) and Vertical Interval Time Code (VITC).
The SMPTE Recommended Practice for transmitting Time code in the ancillary data space of serial digital television signals
The SMPTE standard for the NTSC Composite Analog Television signals
The SMPTE standard for the serial digital interface for standard definition 10 bit 4:2:2 component and 4Fsc composite interfaces. (Often referred to as SDI)
The SMPTE standard for embedding AES audio into standard definition serial digital interfaces
The SMPTE standard for HDTV 1920 x 1080 line scanning and analog and parallel interfaces for multiple frame rates
The SMPTE standard for transmission of AES digital audio over coaxial cable
The SMPTE standard for Ancillary Data Packet and Space Formatting
The SMPTE standard for the 1.485 Gb/s serial digital interface for High Definition television signals. (Often referred to as HD SDI)
Television - 720 x 483 Active Line at 59.94-Hz Progressive Scan Production - Digital Representation
The SMPTE standard for HDTV 1280 x 720 line progressive images - scanning and analog and parallel interfaces
The SMPTE standard for embedding AES audio into high definition serial digital interfaces
Television - Serial Data Transport Interface (SDTI)
The SMPTE standard for the encoding Date and Time Zone information into SMPTE 12M-1 Time code signals
Television - Synchronous Serial Interface for MPEG-2 Digital Transport Streams
Television - Transport of Alternate Source Image Formats through SMPTE 292M
The SMPTE standard for the dual link 1.485 Gb/s serial digital interface for High Definition television signals
The SMPTE standard for the nominal 3Gb/s serial digital interface for High Definition television signals
Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP is a standard computer network protocol that enables different devices sharing the same network to communicate with each other
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)
Forum that defines standards for television
Synchronising Pulse Generator used to produce master timings for studios.
Model number prefix for Sony HDCAM SR HD mastering equipment
Standard definition television (SDTV)
Standard definition video format that has 4:3 aspect ratio.
Standards Converter
Used to convert TV pictures from one standard to another, typically NTSC to PAL. The highest specification is that with motion compensation especially ALCHEMIST with Phc. (Phase Correlation)
Still Frame
Continuous reproduction of a stationary helical scan video tape.
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Time Base Corrector.
A device that transfers motion picture film to video. This sometimes involves changing the frame rate by inserting a 3:2 pulldown
Terrestrial television
Television signals broadcast from local radio towers. Homes with antennas capable of picking up the broadcast signals are able to receive the television program.
Time Base Corrector
Short term signal store designed to reduce timing errors and litter in VTRs.
Time Code or Timecode
See Linear Time Code and Vertical interval Time Code
Time Lapse
Recording of a single frame(s) with a time interval between each recording.
Timecode (LTC)
Longitudinal, absolute address for each frame in hours, minutes and seconds recorded on a dedicated track.
Adjustment for optimum head alignment on recorded track.
Transport Stream (TS)
Data stream that includes ancillary data, compressed video, and compressed audio.
Tri-level Sync
An HDTV synchronization signal
Coaxial type cable with extra screen to provide camera power.
Timing reference signals used in composite digital systems. It is four words long.
Abbreviation for "Timing Reference Signal Identification". A reference signal used to maintain timing in composite digital systems. It is four words long.
Tri-Level Sync Generator (See Tri-Level Sync)
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3/4 inch video cassette format developed by Sony.
Unbalanced Audio
A method of transmitting audio over normal video coaxial cabling with 75? impedance
Reduction on display by approx. 10%.
Universal serial bus (USB)
A digital connection between two separate electronic devices which provides "plug-and-play" capability.
A converter which takes an SDI signal and recodes it as an HDSDI signal
User bits
32 bits in the time code are user assignable. They typically are used to contain date, reel numbers, scene and take numbers, or other user-oriented data
Model number prefix for Sony low cost industrial grade Betacam SP equipment
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Program rating information encoded onto a broadcast video signal as an XDS packet in a Line 21 closed caption system. Television sets with V-Chip decoders will disallow viewing of programs if the rating is too high
Vertical Ancillary Data. Acronym for ancillary data packets carried in the active part of the lines which are during the vertical blanking interval of a digital television signal. May also refer to the data space located in the vertical blanking interval where these packets are carried. Ancillary data packets contain metadata associated with the video or audio of a television bitstream. See also HANC
Vertical Interval
Non visible part of a video picture. The vertical interval carries Synchronisation Pulses, VITC, Telext , Closed Captions (subtitles when de-coded) and Identification Pulses.
Vestigial sideband (VSB)
Modulation scheme selected by the US Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) for digital terrestrial broadcast television.
Video Graphics Array. A computer video adapter which can display 16 colours at a resolution of 640x480 or 256 colours at 320x200
Video Home System 1/2 inch cassette system.
Video on demand (VOD)
The viewer pays a small fee to the television service provider in order to watch particular movies listed on the on-screen television menu. Similar to pay-per-view.
Vertical Interval Time Code. This time and address control signal standardised by SMPTE 12M-1 is encoded on one or more lines in the vertical interval of standard definition television signals
Vertical interval test signal.
Abbreviation for VistaLINK Pro The name for Evertz Monitoring and control software used to control and monitor many of our 7700 series and 500 series modules. May also be referred to a VistaLINK which is a registered Evertz trademark. VistaLINK is Evertz\'s remote monitoring and control capability over an Ethernet network using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Video Tape Recorder.
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White Balance
Most desirable condition is when a white subject is reproduced as white on a screen indicating that the red, green and blue are well balanced.
Effects technique in which one scene appears to push another off screen.
Word Clock
An acknowledgement and transmission signal which enables a receiving system to adjust it's timing for incoming digital audio packets
Wow and Flutter
Slow or fast changes respectively in the speed of a tape transport which causes a variation in audio pitch.
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eXtended Data Service. XDS involves a system of data packets sent with the broadcast which can deliver: program rating information such as age-appropriateness, the current time, or local weather reports
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A compressed bandwidth RGB signal. The video luminance (Y) is transmitted only once instead of once with each RGB channel, requiring more processing power at the receiving end, but reducing transfer rates by a third
The three constituents of a component video signal: Luminence with two colour difference signals. Y = luminence U = Blue minus luminence V =Red minus luminence
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Lens system with movable elements to provide adjustable magnification.
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By Amber HannekenStaff Writer
When Hugo's Stacie Pace takes the stage, Patsy Cline comes alive. It all began about five years ago when Pace was asked to perform at a senior citizens' Valentine's banquet in Clayton. Mark McIntosh, a former Pushmataha County commissioner who had seen her perform, asked if she would do an all-Patsy Cline set. After her performance, a woman told Pace she had missed her calling and that she was meant to play Cline. She returned home and did some research. Longtime Hugo Chamber of Commerce tourism supporter Walter White was instrumental in getting her started with Pasty Cline performances, she said."It's funny if I just sing I sound like Patsy without even trying," Pace said. "And that is a great compliment that someone thinks that. It's kind of like I was born into the wrong era for the music." Besides having the voice, Pace wanted the look. She sought out a seamstress and found DeeDee Atwood of Cloudy, who normally designs clothing for dogs. Atwood made a set of cowgirl outfits that Pace pairs with white boots and a brunette wig for her shows. She hopes to eventually incorporate some of the more "modern" fashions Cline wore into her performance.She has performed as Cline before a crowd of about 7,000 at the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association meeting the last four years and in Choctaw County she's performed before big crowds at the Choctaw Electric annual meeting. She said she gets calls from all over, including Nashville, just to see her perform as Cline. Steve McKinley, director of operations of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, wrote in a recent letter to Pace, "We always receive positive comments on your performance and encouragement to keep you coming back."Pace says she most enjoys singing "Sweet Dreams" because of the long notes. She also enjoys "Walking After Midnight" because she makes audience members dance and contribute and the crowd always enjoys "Crazy."Pace has been singing and dancing since she was young, beginning at church where her father was the pastor. She graduated with a degree in drama and chorale from Southeastern Oklahoma State University, after which she toured Texas and Oklahoma with a band, performing Top 40 country western charts. Following her marriage to husband, Scott, Pace settled down back in Hugo and began performing in local venues, quickly becoming known as a Patsy Cline impersonator. "It's so rewarding because it touches people's lives and they just seem to remember something, what they were doing, or someone. I even have kids as young as 8 years old who are huge fans and their mom says they go and buy all the (Patsy Cline) CDs. Wherever they go, if they see a Patsy CD, they buy it."
Read the full story, subscribe to the online edition: http://www.hugonews.com/transitionHDN.html
By Amber HannekenStaff WriterHUGO — The mustang, the spirit of the "Wild West," holds a strong position besides man in American history. From now until Wednesday at the Todd Whatley-Lige Hammock Rodeo Arena in Hugo, Choctaw County residents have a chance to give these legendary wild horses a home. The adoption event began in southeastern Oklahoma last week in McAlester. Adoptions opened Monday in Hugo and continue today until 8 p.m. Wednesday is the last day to purchase a horse at the Hugo arena from 8 a.m. to noon. If you miss your chance in Hugo, the horses will be at the Bryan County Fairgrounds in Durant from 10 a.m. until 8 p.m. Thursday and Friday and 8 a.m. to noon on Saturday. Wild horses are managed by the Bureau of Land Management and are defined as "unbranded, unclaimed and free-roaming horses found on western public rangelands administered by the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service." When a herd becomes over populated the bureau offers excess animals for adoption. Burros, or small wild donkeys, are also managed by the bureau in the same manner but none were available for adoption at the Hugo sale.The horses are of no particular breed and typically stand between 13 and 15 hands high and weigh 700 to 1,000 pounds. They come from as far away as Oregon and Nevada and as near as Kansas. The animals range in color including sorrel, chestnut, black, gray, bay, dun, buckskin, brown, pinto and red roan. All the horses for adoption in Hugo — yearlings through age 4 — are untrained and cost $125 to adopt. There is a $500 incentive to those wishing to adopt a 4-year-old horse. All adopters of older horses will receive a $500 care-and-feeding allowance, which is paid in full after one year of ownership.
By Stan StamperPublisherHUGO — More than 400 Choctaw County men and women were shaking their heads Thursday evening in Hugo, as representatives of the Oklahoma Highway Patrol and the Oklahoma Corporation Commission explained state and federal regulations relating to farm vehicles and trailer towing.At times the buzz of discontent in the room grew so loud that decorum was lost, but OHP Lieutenant Offotter patiently waited until quiet was restored.The primary purpose of the meeting was to provide answers to area farmers and ranchers relating to what they could legally haul up and down Oklahoma highways and occasionally into Texas or other states.Offotter explained that most of the present day laws were on the books back in 1987, but that they had not been fully enforced until recently. He said the laws were largely mandated by the Department of Transportation arm of the federal government."They give us highway money and put lots of strings, in the form of regulations, on us, which we must enforce," he said.To make understanding the regulations even more difficult, Oklahoma has two sets of enforcement agencies, the Oklahoma Highway Patrol and the Oklahoma Corporation Commission actively enforcing them.Apparently, OHP deals more with weight and safety matters, while OCC also pays close attention to weights and adherence to regulations concerning intrastate and interstate commerce.Offotter said there were two significant weight numbers area farmers and businessmen should be aware of. The first was 10,000 pounds and the second was 26,000 pounds.What might be perfectly legal to haul inside the State of Oklahoma on a farm operation, might not be legal if the trip were to either exceed 150 miles or cross a state line.Citing an extreme case, Offotter said it was possible a farmer going to Paris, Texas in a one-ton dually to purchase a bolt for a tractor, would fall under the heading of an Interstate Motor Carrier. "You have to learn what to tell the officer," one of the troopers said. "It would be perfectly legal for you to take your wife to dinner, in some cases, without having to comply with this regulation."


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3 hrs ago | WTEN-TV Albany
Merkel party OKs new German govt, despite concerns
A storm that crept across the country bringing snow, ice and miserable road conditions is heading toward New England as more wintry weather was expected to persist in making it hard on air travelers.
Can You Crack These Presidential Code Names?
Could you have a romantic liaison with someone of opposite political beliefs to you?
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Modern-dress 'Traviata' upsets La Scala puristas
Milan opera buffs who wanted a Verdi opera to open a La Scala season in the bicentenary year of his birth got their way this past weekend, but many were not pleased with the new production of "La Traviata" they paid premium prices to see.
11 hrs ago | The Miami Herald
Mandela memorial 1 of largest in generations
Nearly 100 foreign leaders and tens of thousands of South Africans are expected to gather at a Soweto soccer stadium Tuesday to pay their last respects to former President Nelson Mandela, making the memorial service one of the largest and most prominent such gatherings in generations.
15 hrs ago | Sunherald.com
Ukraine's east still backs closer ties with Russia
The air is thick with pollutants. The men here die young, sometimes from industrial accidents.
20 hrs ago | Canada.com
Merkel seeks her party's support for new German coalition, points to continuity on Europe
Chancellor Angela Merkel is seeking her conservative party's support for a new German government alliance with its centre-left rivals and pointing to continuity in Berlin's hard-nosed approach to Europe's debt crisis.
22 hrs ago | WYFF-TV Greenville
Ukraine protesters barricade Kiev streets
Once you're logged in, at the top of each article, video or slideshow you will see a list of your Facebook friends who recently visited Choose to share stories you'e read with your friends or turn sharing OFF to keep your reading experience anonymous .
22 hrs ago | KMIZ
Ukraine protesters barricade Kiev streets
Faced with freezing temperatures as the bitter cold sets in, the protesters who have poured onto the streets of the Ukrainian capital burn tires and sip hot soup and tea to stay warm.
Yesterday | Reuters
RPT-UPDATE 1-Brash Florence mayor Renzi wins centre-left leadership
Florence Mayor Matteo Renzi won a primary vote to become leader of Italy's centre-left Democratic Party , preliminary results showed on Sunday, giving him influence over the fragile coalition government and the timing of the next elections.
Donald Shaw honoured at Scots Trad Music Awards
HE is at the helm of one of Scotland's biggest festivals, masterminding an invasion of around 2100 musicians who descend on Glasgow every winter.
Julie Walters honoured at Bifas
Julie Walters was praised for her outstanding contribution to British cinema at an awards ceremony honouring the best of independent film.
Italian court rules to expel David Duke for racism
Former Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke speaks to supporters after his release from prison in 2004.
50 Sign Founding Declaration of New Bulgarian 'Pomak' Party
The declaration listed the aims of the new formation titled Patriotic Union for Diversity, Authenticity and Culture , according to reports of the Bulgarian Telegraph Agency .
In this file photo taken Thursday, Oct. 24, 2013, Czech Republic's Prime Minister Jiri Rusnok arrives for an EU summit.
Ukraine opposition seeks million-strong rally in Kiev
Organisers hope one million protesters will turn out in Kiev on Sunday to pile more pressure on Ukraine's President Viktor Yanukovich as he seeks closer ties with Russia after dumping a trade pact with the European Union.
Roots in rural Ontario let Nobel-winner Alice Munro nurture urge to write
Short story author Alice Munro says growing up in rural Ontario grew her confidence during early days of writing, nurturing a gift that earned her worldwide acclaim and now a Nobel Prize.
Air traffic glitch fixed after flight delays in UK
Passengers queue at the flight check-in desk at London's Heathrow Airport Terminal 5 after a "technical problem" at the National Air Traffic Services control centre in Swanwick, south England, caused long delays and cancellations at airports across the UK, Saturday Dec. 7, 2013.
'La Traviata' closes La Scala's Verdi bicentennial
Gatti, 52, of Milan, recently told an audience of opera enthusiasts that he hopes if he meets Verdi one day in the afterlife, "Verdi would take me aside and say, 'Bravo, you got it.'
What's most shocking about the German cannibal case is it's not the first
The killer, known only as Detlef G, a 55-year-old chief inspector with the Saxon Germany state police, reportedly has told investigators that he met his victim through a cannibalism website that hooks up those who want to dine on human flesh with those hoping to be eaten .
Flights hit by air control problem
Flights departing from UK airports are being delayed due to a technical problem at the Nats centre in Swanwick, Hampshire A Stansted Airport spokesman said all of its departing flights were subject to delays of between 30 minutes and two hours, while Gatwick Airport said 20% of its departures had been delayed, with passengers warned they could wait ... (more)
Holy Door opens in Quebec, the first outside of Europe
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Cirque du Soleil's eBoutique is pleased to offer genuine Cirque du Soleil merchandise, online and at certain show locations, for all to enjoy! Find answers and policy information about Cirque du Soleil's eBoutique shopping experience, below.
How can I exchange or get a refund for a CD, DVD or a book?
CDs, DVDs and books will be exchanged or refunded only if the items are still wrapped in their original packaging.
To exchange the item or receive a refund, please contact us and provide us with the name of the show and in which city the item was bought (if the item was purchased at a Cirque du Soleil show) or provide your purchase order number (if the item was bought from our online store).


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The Apache Open For Business Project is an enterprise automation software project that includes ERP, CRM, E-Business/E-Commerce, SCM, MRP, and CMMS/EAM functions. It is a foundation and starting point for enterprise solutions and can certainly be used out of the box, but is also great for creating specialized applications.
wro4j is a project that will help you to easily improve your Web application page loading time. It can help you to keep your static resources (JavaScript and CSS) well organized, merge and minify them at run-time (using a simple filter) or build-time (using a Maven plugin), and has several features you may find useful when dealing with Web resources.
DOM Tooltip allows developers to add customized tooltips to Web pages. The tooltips are controlled through style class definitions and respond to events such as "mouseover", and avoids possible collisions with form elements such as select boxes and screen edges. While originally designed to create context tooltips, it is also possible to create a wide variety of dynamic layers, such as embedded windows, context menus, and hidden blocks. Additional features include sticky tips, tooltip fading, lifetime, relative positioning, class assignments, width adjustments, mouse dragging, captions, directionality, offset adjustments, adjustable activate/deactivate delay times, snapping to grid, fate adjustment (hide or destroy), and references to created tips. It supports Mozilla/Netscape6+, IE 5.5+, IE on Mac, Safari, Konqueror, and Opera 7.
LabKey Server is open source software that helps scientists manage, analyze, and share complex datasets. It supports tandem mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, assays for neutralizing antibodies, Luminex, observational studies, and secure, Web-based collaboration. The software is modular, configurable, and customizable. It can be installed in your institution on any modern hardware and operating system. It is designed to integrate with your existing systems, instruments, and work flows, and to be readily adapted by skilled programmers to novel methods of inquiry. The project is under active development by a team of professional software engineers and a community of active contributors. New versions are released about four times per year.


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Jeff Korhan is a new media marketer, award-winning entrepreneur, and a top-ranked blogger who helps entrepreneurs and small business owners maximize their web visibility, reputation, and referrals with social media and internet marketing.
Jeff began his career as a Fortune 50 Sales and Marketing Manager by getting his MBA. He later started and operated a landscape company that was twice named Business of the Year in one of the fastest-growing communities in the United States. After 20 successful years he sold his business, and now applies three decades of marketing experience to help clients develop sustainable marketing practices that capitalize on emerging small business trends. Jeff maintains a busy schedule speaking and consulting on social media marketing, relationship selling, and entrepreneurship trends. He is a social media columnist for GIE Media, a frequent guest blogger, and a recognized expert in the green industry, where he has served onseveral association boards. His New Media and Small Business Marketing blog was recently ranked a Top 100 Small Business Blog by Technorati. |


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Mr. VOYLES announced the selection of Horatio Fullenlove, of New Albany, as a Clerk to a group of Committees.
Mr. BENZ announced the appointment of Edward Harbison as Clerk of another group of Committees.
Mr. BELL, from the group of Committees, announced the appointment of R L Depuy as the Clerk thereof.