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Agee, James
Born November 27, 1909
Knoxville, Tennessee
Died May 16, 1955
New York, New York
Poet, novelist, movie critic,
movie scriptwriter
"The talk, in the end, was his great distinguishing feature. He talked his prose, Agee prose.… It rolled just as it reads; but he made it sound natural.…"
Walker Evans, in the introduction to Let Us Now Praise Famous Men
Although a relatively young man when he died at age forty-five, James Agee filled his years with a variety of literary pursuits. He wrote poetry, movie scripts, movie critiques, short prose, and novels. His best-known works are a documentary on white tenant farmers in the Deep South, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, first published in 1941; a short novel called The Morning Watch, published in 1951; and a longer novel, A Death in the Family, published in 1957, after his death. Agee's literary themes were strongly influenced by his...
(The entire section is 1335 words.)
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Altmeyer, Arthur
Born May 8, 1891
De Pere, Wisconsin
Died October 17, 1972
Madison, Wisconsin
"Those who worked closely with Mr. Altmeyer knew that besides his superior intellectual and administrative abilities, he was also a man of sensitivity, of compassion, of integrity, and of stubbornness."
Former secretary of health, education, and welfare Wilbur J. Cohen
Arthur Altmeyer was one of the most influential figures during the development of New Deal social programs. The New Deal was a diverse collection of federal legislation and government-funded programs introduced by the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry). The new laws and programs were designed to bring economic relief and recovery to the U.S. economy, which was suffering its most serious downturn ever, the Great Depression of the 1930s. Altmeyer was one of the leading advocates for...
(The entire section is 2240 words.)
Bethune, Mary McLeod
Born July 10, 1875
Mayesville, South Carolina
Died May 18, 1955
Daytona Beach, Florida
Educator, advocate for black Americans
and women, administrator
"Colored people all along the eastern seaboard spread a feast whenever Mrs. Bethune passed their way. The chickens went flying off seeking a safe hiding place. They knew some necks would be wrung in her honor to make a heaping platter of southern fried chicken."
Langston Hughes from I Wonder As I Wander: An Autobiographical Journey
Mary McLeod Bethune was an educator, organizer, and activist. She was an advocate and spokeswoman for black Americans and for women in general. Having strong religious faith and a belief in the power of education, Bethune felt that the economic and political power of black women would inevitably increase. Through her confident and dignified behavior, she provided leadership and inspiration to many during a period of legally enforced racial segregation. Appointed by Aubrey Williams (1890–1965; see...
(The entire section is 1948 words.)
Bond, Horace
Born November 8, 1904
Nashville, Tennessee
Died December 21, 1972
Atlanta, Georgia
College professor, administrator
"Horace Bond's mother named him in honor of Horace Mann's—the great Massachusetts educational reformer and abolitionist—antislavery activities."
Wayne J. Urban in his 1992 book Black Scholar: Horace Mann Bond, 1904–1972
Horace Bond was an extraordinary black American scholar and college administrator, dedicated to improving education for black Americans. He was determined and brilliant, not afraid to challenge long-held ideas. Bond rose to prominence during the Great Depression. During his career he authored several books and nearly one hundred articles on various black education topics in academic journals and popular magazines. He is most noted for two classic books on black education published during the Great Depression: The Education of the Negro in the American Social Order (1934) and Negro Education in Alabama: A Study in Cotton and Steel (1936). Both...
(The entire section is 1949 words.)
Trust, The Brain
Raymond Moley
Born September 27, 1886
Berea, Ohio
Died February 18, 1975
Phoenix, Arizona
Rexford Tugwell
Born July 10, 1891
Sinclairville, New York
Died July 21, 1979
Santa Barbara, California
Adolf Berle Jr.
Born January 29, 1895
Brighton, Massachusetts
Died February 17, 1971
New York, New York
Scholars, presidential advisers
"Tugwell wanted everyone to share in America's abundance.… As a result, he was often frustrated, and in those moments of frustration, his so-called radicalism appeared."
Michael V. Namorato in the 1988 book Rexford Tugwell: A Biography
Raymond Moley, Rexford Tugwell, and Adolf Berle were selected to advise Democratic candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) during his presidential campaign of 1932. These three experts were the core of Roosevelt's advisory group,...
(The entire section is 2869 words.)
Coughlin, Charles
Born October 25, 1891
Hamilton, Ontario
Died October 27, 1979
Detroit, Michigan
Catholic priest, radio personality
"Coughlin invented a new kind of preaching, one that depended on modern technology: the microphone and transmitter. He ushered in a revolution in American mass media…televangelism and political talk radio, stem back to him."
Donald Warren in Radio Priest: Charles Coughlin, the Father of Hate Radio
Known as the "radio priest" during the 1930s, Father Charles Edward Coughlin broadcast to the nation from an office in his Catholic church. His first broadcasts were Sunday sermons primarily aimed at children. Then came more politically charged programs, in which he spoke on behalf of citizens disillusioned by the troubles of the Great Depression, the most serious economic crisis in U.S. history. By the 1930s the American radio audience was large. Despite economic hardships, most citizens found a way to purchase radios. Speaking out for the common people and against various targets—big...
(The entire section is 2276 words.)
Day, Dorothy
Born November 8, 1897
Brooklyn, New York
Died November 29, 1980
New York, New York
Journalist, advocate for the poor
"For those who think that there is no hope for the future, no recognition of their plight—this little paper is addressed."
From the first edition of the Catholic Worker
The Great Depression, the worst economic crisis in the United States, had a stranglehold on Americans in May 1933. Newly elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) had launched his New Deal legislation to attempt to begin to pull America from the depths. On May 1, Dorothy Day, a tall, slender, thirty-five year old, walked among people at Union Square in New York City distributing for a penny a copy the first edition of her newspaper, the Catholic Worker. The edition boldly proclaimed: "To Our Readers: For those who are sitting on park benches in the warm spring sunlight. For those who are huddling in...
(The entire section is 2813 words.)
Dewson, Molly
Born February 18, 1874
Quincy, Massachusetts
Died October 21, 1962
Castine, Maine
Social reformer, Democratic Party leader, promoter of women in government
"Molly Dewson arrived in Washington to take over as head of the country's Democratic women and to inaugurate a new deal of her own—a new deal for women in politics."
From Ladies of Courage
During the 1930s, Molly Dewson became America's first woman to take the lead role in a political organization. She was the driving force behind securing prominent positions for women in the Roosevelt administration. From 1932 until 1937 Dewson was director of the Women's Division of the Democratic National Committee. Director of the Women's Division was a full-time job on the staff of the national committee, and whoever held the position was the most powerful woman in the national party organization. During the 1936 presidential election campaign, Dewson directed the efforts of some eighty thousand women who served as a nationwide network recruiting the female vote for Franklin D. Roosevelt's (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) reelection. Through her efforts, women voters became an important segment of the newly created Democratic...
(The entire section is 1634 words.)
Family, The Du Pont
"Lammot du Pont, although a multi-millionaire, was the family's fanatic on thrift, often carrying his own luggage in order to avoid having to tip."
Gerard Colby Zilg in Du Pont: Behind the Nylon Curtain
Du Pont is one of the most noted family names in U.S. industrial history. In 1802 Éleuthère Irénée du Pont (1771–1834), an immigrant from France, built a gunpowder mill on the Brandywine River in Delaware. Boosted by gunpowder sales to the government in the War of 1812 (1812–14), the company began to amass large profits during the American Civil War (1861–65) and World War I (1914–18). With its war profits, Du Pont greatly diversified; it was no longer just an explosives company but a world-leading chemical corporation. The du Pont family became one of the wealthiest families in the nation. In 1926 Lammot du Pont became the eighth consecutive family member to be named president of the family business. He continued to expand the Du Pont fortune during the 1930s Great Depression, the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. When President...
(The entire section is 2696 words.)
Eccles, Marriner
Born September 9, 1890
Logan, Utah
Died December 18, 1977
Salt Lake City, Utah
Businessman, banker, chairman of the Federal Reserve
"He was more feared than loved; his economic titles made him a man whom people in the inter-mountain West addressed in tones of deference [respect]."
Sidney Hyman in Marriner S. Eccles: Private Entrepreneur and Public Servant
Marriner Eccles played a major role in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) administration. Eccles guided economic policy, particularly the efforts to reform the U.S. banking system and strengthen the role of the Federal Reserve System. Historians recognize Eccles as a keenly perceptive observer of economic issues and a fierce battler in representing his views. Eccles was one of the most influential players in restructuring the ailing American economy during the 1930s.
A shrewd young businessman
...(The entire section is 1677 words.)
Fechner, Robert and Williams, Aubrey
Robert Fechner:
Born 1876
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Died December 31, 1939
Washington, D.C.
Administrator, union leader
Aubrey Williams:
Born August 23, 1890
Springville, Alabama
Died March 5, 1965
Washington, D.C.
Social worker, reformer
"Today, we hear again and again from CCC veterans about how the 3C's turned their lives around. Desperate young men in desperate times were given the chance to be gainfully employed.…"
Craig Holstine, in the foreword to the 1990 book In the Shadow of the Mountain: The Spirit of the CCC by Edwin G. Hill
By 1935 five million youths were unemployed. Deeply concerned, Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) created both the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the National Youth Administration (NYA) to help youths in need during the Great Depression. Roosevelt appointed Robert Fechner as the CCC director. The CCC...
(The entire section is 2092 words.)
Flanagan, Hallie
Born August 27, 1890
Redfield, South Dakota
Died July 23, 1969
Old Tappan, New Jersey
Theater educator, administrator
"Fred [Hallie's father] began organizing home talent shows in the family living room on weekends.… Once Hallie had discovered the pleasure of thrilling an audience…there was no stopping her."
From Hallie Flanagan: A Life in the American Theatre
Hallie Flanagan, multitalented in the theater arts, exhibited her abilities in acting, playwriting, and directing while teaching at Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa, and then at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York. In 1935 Flanagan was appointed director of the Federal Theatre Project (FTP), a program established under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) administration. The FTP was one of the many New Deal programs designed to put people back to work and bring the nation out of the 1930s Great Depression. The FTP put unemployed theater personnel to work and allowed Flanagan to...
(The entire section is 1539 words.)
Guthrie, Woody
Born July 14, 1912
Okemah, Oklahoma
Died October 3, 1967
Queens, New York
Songwriter, folksinger, social activist
"He'd stand with his guitar slung on his back, spinning out stories like Will Rogers [popular 1930s entertainer], with a faint, wry grin."
Pete Seeger, in the foreword of Bound for Glory, by Woody Guthrie
Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Guthrie's musical career lasted just seventeen years. At the age of thirty-nine Guthrie was struck with Huntington's chorea, an inherited disease that had killed his mother. He nevertheless wrote over a thousand songs before his career came to a premature end. Guthrie's songs reflected his experiences of the 1930s Great Depression, severe drought on the Great Plains, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) New Deal programs, and World War II (1939–45). The New Deal was a collection of federal legislation and programs...
(The entire section is 2350 words.)
Hickok, Lorena
Born March 7, 1893
East Troy, Wisconsin
Died May 1, 1968
Rhinebeck, New York
News journalist, investigator
"What I want you to do is to go out around the country and look this thing [New Deal programs] over. I don't want statistics from you. I just want your own reaction, as an ordinary citizen."
Harry Hopkins speaking to Lorena Hickok from One Third of a Nation
Although her adult life was closely associated with Eleanor Roosevelt (1884–1962; see entry), wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry), Lorena Alice Hickok independently overcame in-grained sexual discrimination in the male-dominated field of newspaper journalism. She became an outstanding reporter and investigative writer.
Hickok's talent was first recognized and rewarded in the early 1920s at the Minneapolis Tribune, where she rose to the position of...
(The entire section is 3013 words.)
Hoover, Herbert
Born August 10, 1874
West Branch, Iowa
Died October 20, 1964
New York, New York
Thirty-first president of the United States
"Hoover pursued his private and public careers…based on this cooperative work ethic, whereby all members of the community did their best in their particular 'callings' in life for the good of everyone."
Joan Hoff Wilson in Herbert Hoover: Forgotten Progressive
Herbert Hoover was the thirty-first president of the United States. Elected in November 1928 and inaugurated in March 1929, Hoover had the misfortune of being president as the U.S. economy began a dramatic downward spiral into the Great Depression. Attempts by his administration to address the severe economic crisis were not enough to slow the decline. As a result, Hoover faced much of the blame for the financial troubles of many Americans.
Engineer turns humanitarian
Hoover was born to a farming family...
(The entire section is 2592 words.)
Hoover, J. Edgar
Born January 1, 1895 Washington, D.C.
Died May 2, 1972 Washington, D.C.
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
"Hoover directed the Bureau [Federal Bureau of Investigation] so long that he seemed fixed in the political landscape of Washington. The grim scowl was that of a man who had seen all evil, heard all evil, and could be counted on to warn of any evil that would put the nation in danger."
Richard Gid Powers in Secrecy and Power: The Life of J. Edgar Hoover
J. Edgar Hoover first joined the U.S. Department of Justice as a law clerk in 1917, rising to director of the Department's Bureau of Investigation (later the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI) by 1924. He would remain in that position for the next forty-eight years until his death in 1972, serving under both Democratic and Republican presidents. Hoover transformed the bureau from an agency ridden with scandal to an elite corps of highly regimented Special Agents. The American public wanted protection from the outlaws of the early 1930s,...
(The entire section is 2499 words.)
Hopkins, Harry
Born August 17, 1890 Sioux City, Iowa
Died January 29, 1946 New York, New York
Social worker, relief administrator, diplomat
"Roosevelt trusted Hopkins implicitly [totally]—trusted his instincts and trusted his loyalty. No president had ever placed such confidence in another man; no president had given another man such power and influence."
June Hopkins, granddaughter of Harry Hopkins, in Harry Hopkins: Sudden Hero, Brash Reformer
From humble beginnings Harry Hopkins rose high in the U.S. government during the 1930s and 1940s. Hopkins's loyal service to his country helped President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) guide the United States through the Great Depression (1929–41) and World War II (1939–45), two of the worst crises of the twentieth century. Hopkins was uniquely qualified to administer the New Deal relief programs of the Roosevelt administration. Tutored by Roosevelt throughout the 1930s in the art of politics and diplomacy, Hopkins became the president's...
(The entire section is 2748 words.)
Ickes, Harold
Born March 15, 1874 Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania
Died February 3, 1952 Olney, Maryland
Public administrator, reformer, spokesman
"It is clear from Ickes' account of his childhood that to earn his mother's love and respect required a great deal of hard work, conformity, and good behavior. It is also plain that from a very early age these demands found a ready acquiescence [acceptance] in Harold."
Graham J. White in Harold Ickes of the New Deal: His Private Life and Public Career
Harold Ickes had a reputation of being crusty and combative, but he was also noted for honesty and thoroughness. He fought for the rights of America's minorities and for the orderly development of the nation's rich natural resources. Ickes served as secretary of the interior for thirteen years, from 1933 to 1946, longer than anyone else in U.S. history. Never hesitant to speak his mind, he also served as the Roosevelt administration's spokesman for publicly opposing or supporting a variety of controversial issues. With an incredible record...
(The entire section is 2317 words.)
Lange, Dorothea
Born May 25, 1895
Hoboken, New Jersey
Died October 11, 1965
Berkeley, California
"I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet. I do not remember how I explained my presence or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions."
Dorothea Lange in "The Assignment I'll Never Forget: Migrant Mother"
Dorothea Lange, considered one of America's most important twentieth-century photographers, began her career as a traditional portrait photographer. However, by 1933, observing the desperate conditions of people who had lost their jobs and homes in the Depression, Lange felt compelled to leave her studio and go onto the streets in San Francisco and then into the farm country to photograph the situation. Never seeing her photographs as art, she instead wanted to use the photos to get action on aid for the poor. Eventually she would be one of the most famous Farm Security Administration (FSA) photographers....
(The entire section is 2947 words.)
Morgenthau, Henry
Born May 11, 1891 New York, New York
Died February 6, 1967 Poughkeepsie, New York
Secretary of the treasury
"[A]lthough obviously bright, the boy [Morgenthau] suffered from what today would be called a learning disability.… Despite hard work, the boy developed an aversion to conventional schooling."
Henry Morgenthau III, in the 1991 book Mostly Morgenthaus: A Family History
Though a poor student throughout his school career and very awkward during public appearances later in life, Henry Morgenthau Jr. served as secretary of the treasury for eleven years during some of the most challenging economic times in U.S. history. From 1934 to 1940 he tried to maintain a stable monetary system in the face of the Great Depression, the worst economic crisis the United States had ever experienced. In the early 1940s Morgenthau was in charge of financing the massive U.S. war effort during World War II (1939–45). Throughout this time he remained sensitive to the hardships of poor Americans and was dedicated to easing the...
(The entire section is 2015 words.)
Perkins, Frances
Born April 10, 1880 Boston, Massachusetts
Died May 14, 1965 New York, New York
Secretary of labor
"When subordinates asked [Perkins] how she should be addressed, she replied, 'Call me Madam Secretary.'… From the beginning she was treated as an equal."
Arthur Schlesinger Jr., in his book The Coming of the New Deal
Trained as a teacher, Frances Perkins became an advocate for the working classes, children, women, and the poor. As a social worker and reformer, she combined a practical approach, which she attributed to her New England common sense, with an energy and focus that allowed her to get things done in politically difficult situations. In a male-dominated workplace, Perkins overcame prejudices and restrictions to establish herself as an outstanding federal government official who significantly improved the lives of Americans. She shaped much of the basic labor legislation of the United States. She also authored...
(The entire section is 3543 words.)
Randolph, A. Philip
Born April 15, 1889 Crescent City, Florida
Died May 16, 1979 New York, New York
Labor and civil rights leader
"As a youngster, Randolph listened to his father's parishioners [church members] complain about the problems of racial prejudice. This exposure, combined with the experience of growing up in segregated Jacksonville [Florida]…raised his consciousness."
Paula F. Pfeffer in A. Philip Randolph: Pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement
A.Philip Randolph was one of the most important black labor leaders of the twentieth century and was highly influential in the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Unlike many other black leaders, Randolph sought social justice for black Americans primarily through increased economic opportunities. He formed a number of organizations to raise public awareness of the lack of opportunities in business and education for black Americans. He also organized groups to pressure presidential administrations to improve the situation of blacks. Most notable was the Brotherhood of...
(The entire section is 2366 words.)
Rogers, Will
Born November 4, 1879 Oologah, Oklahoma Indian Territory
Died August 15, 1935 Point Barrow, Alaska
Entertainer, social commentator
"Will Rogers had the general demeanor of a common man, self-elected representative of the world's underdogs. He was an 'Aw shucks' guy."
Ray Robinson in American Original: A Life of Will Rogers
Will Rogers was a national voice of the common person between 1929 and 1935 during the harshest period of the Great Depression, the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. Rogers conquered most of the media available at the time. He seemed equally at home on stage and on the movie screen, in print, and on the radio. He starred in Wild West shows, vaudeville, silent and talking movies, and radio programs, and he wrote a regular newspaper column. Vaudeville was a popular form of stage entertainment in the United States from the late nineteenth century to the mid-1920s with each show featuring a collection of various acts including dancing, singing, comedy, and acting. More than anyone else in...
(The entire section is 2516 words.)
Roosevelt, Eleanor
Born October 11, 1884 New York, New York
Died November 7, 1962 Hyde Park, New York
First Lady of the United States, social activist
"I think I must have a good deal of my uncle Theodore Roosevelt in me because I enjoy a good fight and I could not at any age really be contented to take my place in a warm corner by the fireside and simply look on."
Eleanor Roosevelt in The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt served as First Lady from March 1933 to April 1945, longer than any other president's wife. She was also one of the first First Ladies to work for social reforms both in the United States and worldwide. Checking on conditions throughout the nation, she was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) "eyes and ears." In the United States she promoted better working conditions for men and women, the elimination of child labor, and racial desegregation. Internationally, she...
(The entire section is 3874 words.)
Roosevelt, Franklin D.
Born January 30, 1882 Hyde Park, New York
Died April 12, 1945 Warm Springs, Georgia
Thirty-second president of the United States
"[Election] campaigns always stimulated Roosevelt enormously. He liked going around the country. He enjoyed the freedom and getting out among the people. His personal relationship with crowds was on a warm, simple level of a friendly, neighborly exchange of affection.…"
Frances Perkins, in The Roosevelt I Knew
Franklin D. Roosevelt, the thirty-second president of the United States and commonly referred to as FDR, is the only person in U.S. history to be elected president four times. After serving as New York's governor from 1929 to 1933, Roosevelt entered the White House in March 1933, during the worst economic crisis the nation had ever experienced, the Great Depression. With charm, an optimistic grin, and a willingness to surround himself with able advisers, Roosevelt brought hope to most Americans. He also brought a...
(The entire section is 4236 words.)
Stryker, Roy
Born May 11, 1893
Great Bend, Kansas
Died September 26, 1975
Grand Junction, Colorado
Pictorial historian, documentarian
"We introduced Americans to America. The reason we could do this, I think…was that all of us [FSA photographers] in the unit, were so personally involved in the times, and the times were so peculiarly what they were."
Roy Stryker
Roy Stryker was not a photographer, but he understood that pictures spoke louder than words. His talent was recognizing great photographs that told a story, then compiling and organizing those photographs. In doing so Stryker played a key role in introducing documentary photography to the people of the United States. Documentary photographs tell so much about a subject that they can serve as historical documents. They record and mirror the social and political scene of a particular time, providing images of work, play, family, church, clubs, political organizations, and war.
Stryker moved to Washington,...
(The entire section is 2374 words.)
Wagner, Robert F.
Born June 8, 1877
Nastätten, Germany
Died May 4, 1953
New York, New York
U.S. senator
"He is one of the most approachable men in the Senate. He is 'Bob' to his friends, and those who know and admire him refer to him in this manner."
From Senator Robert F. Wagner and the Rise of Urban Liberalism
A German immigrant, U.S. senator Robert F. Wagner was a political champion for the worker and common citizen in the United States. He embraced progressive politics, strongly believing that the government had a responsibility to help solve pressing social problems. (Progressive ideas gained support from a variety of groups in the United States in the early twentieth century.) In the Senate Wagner was one of the leading advocates of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) New Deal in the 1930s and President Harry Truman's Fair Deal programs later on. (The New Deal was a...
(The entire section is 2267 words.)
Wallace, Henry
Born October 7, 1888
Orient, Iowa
Died November 18, 1965
Danbury, Connecticut
Secretary of agriculture, secretary of commerce, vice president of the United States
"To his friends and neighbors in Iowa, Wallace was both known and unknown. Known best was his name. Three generations of Wallaces had succeeded in linking the family name to the cause of agriculture...."
From American Dreamer: The Life and Times of Henry A. Wallace
Henry Wallace played several major roles in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) administrations. Wallace was secretary of agriculture from 1933 to 1940 during the Great Depression, then vice president from 1941 to 1945 during World War II (1939–45), and finally secretary of commerce in the early postwar years of 1945 and 1946. He is widely regarded as one of the most knowledgeable people ever to serve as secretary of agriculture. In the 1920s young Wallace earned an international reputation for scientific advances in plant...
(The entire section is 2633 words.)
Woodward, Ellen
Born July 11, 1887
Oxford, Mississippi
Died September 23, 1971
Washington, D.C.
"Woodward's grassroots approach to the administration of programs to promote economic security and social betterment brought significant change to the lives of many women."
From Ellen S. Woodward: New Deal Advocate for Women
Ellen Woodward's energetic work on behalf of women and children spanned several decades, from 1925 to 1953. Many consider Woodward one of the most important women in the New Deal, second only to Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins (1882–1965; see entry). The New Deal was a collection of legislation passed during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's (1882–1945; served 1933–45; see entry) administration. The legislation established programs that were designed to bring economic relief to those most affected by the Great Depression, the worst economic slump in U.S. history. One of Woodward's key goals during the Depression was to provide jobs for women who were heads...
(The entire section is 1944 words.)
Source: Great Depression and New Deal: Biographies, ©2003 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.


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You're watching...
Power Play 1/25/2013
Abortion foes March on undaunted, will gun ban backers do the same?
Jan 25, 2013
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Abortion foes March on undaunted, will gun ban backers do the same?
Jan 25, 2013
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And that.
Is the scene on the National Mall.
As hundreds of thousands.
Anti abortion protesters.
Converge on Washington DC eight.
For the national march for life.
In observance of the fortieth anniversary of the Supreme Court decision -- way that made abortion.
Legal work.
Didn't legalize it but made it possible facilitated.
The legality of abortion across the country this is power play and I -- Chris -- -- an Internet.
The crowd for this marked for life.
Will certainly rival or is expected to rival the crowd for president Obama's inauguration on Monday.
These are big numbers these are big big numbers that we're talking about you can see them as I was coming in.
To the bureau today the streets are filled with these folks carrying their signs they've got there they Wear orange I believe in -- out in force.
Letting it be known.
So what can we learn about -- the debate on abortion.
Where it is today.
And the future but also what can it teaches about other things.
We will explore those questions we will do that it will be you will be a lot smarter after you hear what a folks have to say about that.
We will also talk about -- democratic divide and emerging democratic divide over gun control.
Is the point of gun legislation to prevent sandy hook shootings or as many Democrats like Rahm Emanuel at Chicago wants to do.
Really address guns written are so the -- The fracture is fracturing there.
And we will have.
Congressman Tom cop he's getting to be a pretty good deal he's a freshman from Arkansas.
-- he'll be with this -- studio you'll like all of those things which you know what I bet -- -- more most of all because I know how you roll it.
And admiral is Steve -- he's -- senior writer for the weekly standard.
He is tireless as as -- -- had no -- Friday we're the -- and exactly where I was beer -- well let's Scotch and cooler and it's you don't -- you're writers got its under the table as per usual.
That's how we roll you know that but the that this thing is this Steve -- -- about this today.
-- -- -- People get that relatives in the basket is it I mean if you were to follow me on what I do I know you do and I I -- as I follow you.
Obviously Stephen -- it's the if you follow me on Twitter you can edit each morning because that's -- hard.
-- I posited today.
That if you look at forty years for the pro life movement.
In and then once and you can say remarkable success I mean really remarkable success compared to where -- was twenty years ago.
-- pro choice was the edict that many Republicans were pro choice.
And it was just part of the thing but technology.
In the -- walkers -- and commitment from these people is taken them along what.
I don't think there's any question that what's interesting is it is at least some change in the way that the pro life movement is.
Both perceived and represented in the mainstream -- and in mainstream media and popular culture.
He had just recently it cover of time magazine which said you know.
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Well -- -- won the right to abortions.
But they've been losing ever since and I think that's true and if you look at you know what the target statistics -- talking about there's -- -- -- by Gallup 41% identify themselves proved to its 50%.
Identify themselves as pro life more respect for pro life.
Americans in as they're depicted in the media I think.
Largely a not to mention restrictions on abortion right at the state level.
You know I think proliferating particularly over the past five or ten years.
Do you see lots of success on the big question.
There hasn't been a success but on all of those smaller questions there event.
And then turning the wheel public opinion -- been the greatest there's been the greatest thing they've done this thing about this you know twenty years ago thirty years ago where it was was.
Operation rescue.
Bull warrants.
Chaining themselves to abortion clinics and in those cases often time give -- the women.
Who -- very often sympathetic figures because there and under arrest in their lives they are in the dire straits and looking for a way out.
Made them the targets of this that was an unappealing picture.
They've shifted the focus they're -- -- about the women as the pro choice people are now they talk about the right to life for the individual for the right exactly and act and that's been a huge debt that that is made all the difference in the world it's to.
-- and its culture and you remember when when you had -- actually had a sexual revolution.
In the 1960s bleeding into the seventies you had.
People who wanted consequence free decision making bread in that basically does -- well -- well yeah thank Agassi's underground but it but that basically was the the mentality.
And what you see I think since then.
Particularly because of technology because of all sounds and the 3-D pictures to forty -- -- now put their audacity yeah I mean.
It picked -- there's much more of a sense it's it's it's it's an obvious and child too many more people than it was when.
This was a -- you know something more of an abstract mass of cells right.
Right it was a mystery and you know dating back to -- they talk about the quickening.
Was this the distorted.
-- back in the -- to earlier days until the baby moved.
Basically it was like what's not a person right and he's like actually baby is moving right just can't feel it because it's -- -- And all of that stuff so anyway.
There's been good but there's been -- good for these -- And for these folks it is -- An amazing statistic -- my amazing statistic of the day.
-- in that in New York City in 2009 according to the Centers for Disease Control there were 719.
Abortions for every 1000 live -- Nationally you're talking about one point 21 point three million abortions every year so as it -- -- like.
This stuff doesn't get discussed very much because it's no one likes to talk about it -- -- figures apps isn't that just like you just like Russia don't see anything.
While that is mine and never that before.
And so when I saw that I was like OK so the the pro life people have analyzed they've had a good down and there -- you know they're they're feeling like they're they've gained ground.
But when you look at the totality of it you have inside the Democratic Party and then in groups like the national abortion rights lead -- all.
And all other groups of the national organization women.
And others.
Have dug in very very hard on this and in blue America we don't even know by the way what happens in California.
Because California just doesn't report other states report for a California always led.
In the number of abortions.
Every year until they stopped reporting that's probably -- -- stop reporting.
But we don't even now we can only estimate California because they don't even report.
Thank you saw the potency of abortion that abortion TNB.
As a political issue this past year and it was the case you remember the Democratic National Convention it was you know.
I think that was probably discuss that issue was probably discussed as much or.
More than virtually any other in the entire time there including jobs -- the economy what was supposed to -- -- the number one issue.
Four for voters but Democrats wanted to talk about abortion they thought for the vote for suburban housewives and and single mothers that they were targeting it to help -- won't be reelected that this was going to be some movement did the issue that that moved them.
And you know and I think they had some success.
So entwined with feminism it is women's liberation.
Used abortion was a central -- in this -- and to this day it remains that if you talk about being against abortion many people stated.
You are.
-- -- -- -- But Steve Hayes is that your kids that kind and friendly colleague because he makes time for you and that he -- -- pretty -- so we just Super Tuesday thank you.
-- -- -- We're gonna take a quick break but we have some of your other favorites.
Here we'll have Ford O'Connell and that he -- will be here we're gonna talk about gun control.
And what the point of what's being discussed right now really is.
And it's not really about school shootings it's about gun control so we'll talk about that when we come back so stick around.
Kids would be alive today -- Newtown Connecticut.
If the law that we're proposing today were in place on December 14 of last year it's as simple -- that.
That is Chris Murphy he's a senator from Connecticut making a bold assertion that had the gun control bill.
The gun ban on offer from senate Democrats as of yesterday were in place that the kids at the Newtown school would be alive today.
But the gun.
That was used doesn't seem to have been on the list of banned guns the senate is talking about and this is getting very complicated and it's it is opening up a lot of old wounds.
-- the American psyche.
As it relates to gun control gun violence second amendment rights and all of these things.
And this is power play and if you want to have a Smart and insightful conversation.
About the difficult issue I can think of no two better people.
Then -- of how he's chairman said the reform act accused former McCain Palin.
Palin presidential campaign advisor.
That I know that be accurate and Debbie dingle she's the president decent strategies and -- -- life.
John -- the Democrat from Michigan and the dean of the house.
That puts her on the blue team welcome welcome.
-- -- Rahm Emanuel wants to go after banks that fund.
That provide revolving credit for gun makers.
Joseph Biden is in Virginia today.
Talking about -- background checks.
Senate Democrats are pushing hard on this but Debbie it.
You warned to fish you cautioned of this is that if you don't star -- from finding common things in building upon them.
You will never get the consensus necessary to do what your husband help do.
In 199594.
Back before which was to get -- ate some kind of weapons ban in place -- do something.
Proactive on this what's the state of right now.
Well I think you're seeing bills introduced that.
-- far many people on the far left are supporting but I don't think he stands a chance at being passed me that the house of the senate.
And I think in this -- get more thoughtful conversations.
You're not can you see.
Anything happen and I think that's not a good place to be so I.
Hope that we start to get it to go into these next few weeks -- months some very good common sense conversations read the complaint.
From people who are pro Second Amendment Rights.
And you know this we were talking with Steve has a -- about a portion.
You end up in a very similar place here is that people hold sharply divergent views and if you can't agree on the -- basic framework of the argument can be able to -- -- else.
But for people -- that have strongly held -- pro Second Amendment views here.
What they're saying is this is -- about school shootings anymore.
-- this is now about affecting but even broader gun control to deal with crime in the city's.
In places like Chicago and places like Detroit and that's what they care about.
There and that were walking past things that might be done to help -- Shouldn't I think that's actually accurate and I think that a lot of people who -- Second Amendment really see this is.
Trying to fully limit their rights and and I think that's -- -- in knee jerk reaction out there.
And I also think one of the things -- you and I were talking about agreements that I think part of the reason why is gonna have a tough time senate.
Even things like background checks is because you have a set of Democrats in red states where the president you know got less than 42% of the vote.
And for their constituents the Second Amendment is just so highly prized and anything seen as sort of close to being rule called Andrea.
Just isn't gonna pass because of the views in the conversation going back and.
I think that the -- things that unfortunately happened which you are correct that I did warn that is a -- everybody into the corner and it will be -- instantly defensive.
I think you would have thoughtful conversations with people who have been strong supporters.
The Second Amendment.
They would be willing to talk about background -- background I have hundred and talk about mental illness and how do you take a step further but if you don't get to real sensitive conversations.
And where people can find common ground.
It immediately go for these emotional passionate thinks it will never pass you're not going to do.
Now -- Mark Kirk a Republican from Illinois moderate -- from Illinois Joseph -- moderate Democrat.
From West Virginia.
Are trying to do a consensus builder and they had -- what they're going to offer a background check -- now that wouldn't people will acknowledge.
Wouldn't have affected the ability of the shooter in -- -- to -- -- -- he just took his mama's guns he didn't go.
He didn't -- I those guys he just took them.
Now of course is -- the question of how would a mother -- was thinking about having her son committed to leave guns unlocked in her home.
Is an open question about one more not probably have the answer to.
What mansion in her are trying to do is put together a little bit there's the core of something to begin something important.
You think you can work I have actually do you think it can work and I think particularly the with Joseph Manchin who is -- it -- you know by Second Amendment.
You know.
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Anything that's going to work with respect to.
Firearms background checks is really doesn't start until marriage.
And I think that he's somebody who could be -- something more -- Virginia is somebody else who could be key because he's really on that geographical divide and I were talking about and I think folks like that are really the folks to go to and I and I think that.
Part of the problem -- -- isn't you know working out the way that Democrats would like to work out is because they follow the president credit sensitive term social issues in the knee jerk reaction produces feel good legislation.
That accomplishes nothing and I think in this case starting small working out we could find some things that will help to try to limit future tragically.
But he is chaired the Judiciary Committee is -- can be excellent the passage of the critical because he comes from a -- -- the right bear arms is something that we'll.
Here you have Vermont Vermont they they had they would they may grow a lot of -- up there but they also carry a lot of pistols they're serious about their -- It's bad I think that that democratic leadership really needs to take the time to understand the -- what drives those who desire to protect the Second Amendment.
1994 happened because President Clinton himself became personally I'll talk to people that were.
I had strong feelings in ended up personally negotiating that agreement that got done at night.
They take those kind of personal relationships and not demonizing those that are.
Demonizing the gun cultures bed and I know more demonize and would you also allow that demonizing big begun Travers.
Calling everybody go ahead and salute when I see folks like -- -- runner they're talking about car owners and he's missing entirely doesn't the second -- Which is self defense of home protection.
Okay that is really what those guys look at him when are the ability to protect from any of these people the ability to protect the freedom of speech or.
Basic freedoms exact is protected by their rights aren't exactly absolutely is and it's -- -- -- say I agree with your heart out today without -- that -- we're we're gonna close it on that because we're now we're getting some warm -- here and that's what that's what we like -- -- no tax credits -- warm -- We also like get your chest.
Viewer power -- Is obviously pretty faithful because that is that your hair has gotten -- -- Is this true.
It's just a little greater I think it was probably the election I think when Obama won it probably went down about -- -- that's that's my that's my guess is you should move green on Saturday.
Under discussion it's tough it's tough out there -- 1953 says guns are just a tool they do not decide.
What to shoot at the human holding the tool makes the decision and there are many.
Many other tools they can choose to kill with yes but this is no doubt true.
But having making 53.
When it comes to.
The numbers that are involved.
That's -- -- when we're talking about these -- shootings.
It only with a gun could you get that or I guess explosives could do that.
A dry Griffin says yes let's regulate guns more as all the laws and regulations for illegal drugs has really helped prevent illegal drug use.
And I would make a point about this.
In the state of Virginia they had a serious problem with guns and gun violence in Richmond it was a disaster and and also down in the in the Newport News -- I mean it was.
Really really bad.
You know what they did they do -- -- And they put a lot of people in prison and they win the truth in sentencing for -- and increased penalties for gun crimes and they cleaned it up.
That was back in the -- Democrats and Republicans didn't get together and did that that was effective it did work it was expensive and it delivers presents but it did work.
We're gonna take a quick break but when we come back.
We will talk about the bad -- the hearings with Hillary Clinton we will talk about the path to nomination for Chuck Hagel who's up next week.
And we'll talk about it with a rising star in -- house Republicans and a guy who had an interest staying back and forth with Hillary Clinton during her visit to -- Will be with Tom cotton when we come back so stick around.
That I just wish you'd won the democratic primary in 2008.
And that was a rare moment of levity.
And Hillary Clinton's testimony.
In the House of Representatives.
And it got -- -- cordial after that.
But that was Tom cotton he is -- Republican freshman from Arkansas.
And he -- Hillary Clinton spent some time in our judgment call and did OK in that's State's democratic primary as ever call.
And we have the man himself with us today congressman through congress the Internet first met you.
When you wanted to be in congress and now you are in congress.
Are you glad you came.
I yeah okay I know we've got enough.
Community to address some of the country's most pressing problems with the debt crisis in front of a nuclear Iran and still early in this congress but I think we're making some strides.
Towards achieving their skills.
That's I guess that's a kind of and it.
All right now the question is this.
-- You view your your opening levity with Secretary Clinton.
Went away pretty quick and I think you've got into some tough questioning with her.
In you know with the Internet should know that you you served in Afghanistan.
Your -- is don't ever say aren't arming the so you can say don't ever ever accused silver hammer and -- don't -- do that all right so I'm like over there but.
You can you know about this stuff and you've you've you have that big portfolio on foreign policy.
And the question here is.
What did she tell you and do you think that she answered honestly I do.
The first point that I had as you said during the course the -- -- hope that we bring the perpetrators to justice.
-- I think that was intention with what -- birth.
The president since September of last year -- that they -- -- senator down I wanted to make sure that didn't reflect her concern about the course of the investigation.
And then I was a little surprised when -- asked she was to stress that.
The Tunisian government had released Ali Karzai the main suspect the couple weeks ago -- And I was surprised she didn't seem to think that was a distressing developments if we don't have an elderly does -- Understanding at the moment yeah and then on the pointed out al-Qaeda in the Islamic -- There's been a report this couple days ago New York Times that some of the fighters are captured the enemy units -- -- attack in Algeria were also involved in Ghazi.
They have ties to Islamic Egyptian Jihad.
As well last two Qaeda and Islamic Maghreb so -- try to explore some of those connections.
Africa and that and so that that's that she she was not eager to talk about that stuff.
What about the question of how come no one has heard from the embassy from the diplomatic workers who were present at the time the attacked -- -- But they didn't never been produced two now to talk about what happened.
It's unclear -- some and we should dog talk to -- you know when I was in the army whether Iraq or Afghanistan any -- you had any kind of engagement to get reports afterwards after action reviews and the soldiers are on the very front lines -- the ones you have the best information people are listening and haven't found liner had been there weeks prior.
So I think you know the congressional committees it's not just the foreign affairs committee are investigating this need access to this Frontline agency workers.
Now the House of Representatives doesn't get to say whether Chuck Hagel will become the next secretary of defense that's job for the upper chamber.
But you will be having a lot of discussions about defense spending right.
Which is the central thing that -- go is there -- is -- is too fast cuts in the Pentagon the president would like to see that money spent.
On domestic programs social programs infrastructure.
And senator cables on board with that you guys are not on board with that.
And but we have coming up what they call the sequester automatic cuts and now more more Republicans are saying well maybe we just let the -- -- At least it's something that forces first -- part of hagel I've been someone -- spoken -- his nomination in before the president nominated him that's a true fact.
You know -- mr.
hagel served our country admirably and valiantly in Vietnam and honor his service like every -- service.
But I feel that his service can't be.
A means to stifle debate about his troubling views on things like.
Further cuts to defense budget he said the defense budget exploded -- needs to be pared down.
Or is strange hostility towards Israel.
His dangerous views on Iran -- terrorism more generally.
-- and -- mentioned the sequester that will be under debate in the next 3060 days really address some these looming fiscal deadlines when -- the Republican Party agrees we have is that the constant party happened have been very devastating.
I you know are cutting through fatter in -- you're -- cutting to the mound.
-- mr.
hagel doesn't -- to share that view.
So I'm worried the president wants a Republican secretary of defense as political cover for even more cuts in the budget going forward even more is what's in the sequestering.
The complaint that we hear about the sequester is that it is by law passed to be.
Indiscriminate yes and it's not saying okay we're gonna give up on the F thirty -- we're gonna stop building -- or we're gonna do this.
Instead it says no it's got to fall equally so it doesn't stand out there -- it was designed to her it was one.
And it was enough it was designed what ought not to be implemented in the first place now I for one and a person budget control act because for many reasons that was one very -- -- -- because of the indiscriminate way.
It cut across the board without giving generals and admirals the flexibility they need to target their -- -- less effective programs and but also that it fell disproportionately on defense is 50% of the sequester spending cuts and defense is less than 20% of the total budget.
-- at a minimum we need to get our senior leadership at the department offense the flexibility to implement those cuts.
And reasonable fashion what I would prefer -- believe much Republicans would prefer this to reconfigure the cuts.
Within the sequestered because of the top line number stays the same but the way they're configured -- moved away from defense and forced -- discretionary spending.
I know that Paul Ryan has Budget Committee -- or working on that right now we should expect -- -- -- person and president she's got a little different so we're.
-- have been a very interest staying February -- -- let's -- I have to ask you though they're going to be senate race in Arkansas.
You -- I know you just got to the house.
But -- a red state that's got democratic senator and democratic governor.
You have you given any thought to -- Mark -- You know a lot of people ask me about that for 89 months now the media.
Or their supporters home in Arkansas and now it seems like a lot of people have big plans for me that sometimes -- -- tell me what those plans are.
I'm really not focus all right now I'm electoral concerns because of the strange.
Nature of these living deadlines with the sequester spending cuts in the continuing resolution and now the debt ceiling again and made.
So the most consequential work we do and analysts will be in this first four months and that's very rare.
-- are really focused on doing the basics of starting -- this trying to get to balance budget framework.
The House Republican Conference.
And then you know down the road -- -- politics were so now.
We will label that door open.
Congressman we thank you very much -- -- times -- -- service okay.
On the -- Jonathan Hunt is coming up next I know you like that but how about would you like to have some power points before I let you go well like it or not you're gonna get them.
-- our points area 51.
That refers to oppose legislation from Democrats in the senate that would in fact make what we now know as the District of Columbia the 51 state.
This is something that we hear every year we hear all of the time.
And that always -- so here's your first PowerPoint.
Definition of insanity the definition of insanity of course.
Is repeating the same thing behavior and expecting a different result.
Democrats bring this up every time the president just like Bill Clinton reform -- -- no taxation without representation plates on the presidential limousine.
They -- made it makes them feel good.
Makes them feel very good because of two things one.
It's something that what used to be a majority African American city but -- productive eight ace has substantially African American city.
That they are fighting for their rights that they're doing those things.
And also makes them feel because it would give them to new democratic senators.
And couple few democratic house members so so they like that too.
But here's your second -- -- make amends.
To do it really really really you have to amend the constitution that's not what happened so here's the third thing.
That's object permanence.
Object permanence is the fact that.
Be cognizant understanding that even if you don't see some thing it's still there.
Well guess what the Republicans are still there and their opposition to this is still there and their constitutional claims on this are still there so they will come back.
And -- -- -- this and make them feel good but guess what can any voting rights for anybody in DC it will just be a lot of jawboning and those your -- points for today and now as we like to do every day.
We want to leave you with the word from -- Charles.
And the fact they -- denied for so long to go back to the other part of the hearings.
-- there was any terror in the involvement -- related covered up and pretend it didn't happen in North Africa is an indication of how much -- they've had their head in the sand.
And how much they've lived off -- dozens of -- killing of bin Laden.
As a way to tell themselves that the war on terror was over.
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text:
Thursday, January 6, 2011
My 2010/365 project
But what I discovered from looking at my colleagues pictures on flickr is that I really enjoyed looking at how moments were captured; composition, lighting and expressions. I found myself continuing to keep a camera with me at all times and photographing moments and images I never had before. I decided to trade my point and shoot camera for a DSLR and a love affair with photography truly began. I couldn't wait to begin the next year with a new 365 project.
So here I am proudly sharing my first completed 365 project. You can look at them all individually here where I have written a little description for most of them, but what I really looked forward to doing was putting my completed project into a video like my friend Dean does. What I noticed while putting them together is that my photos really do tell the story of my year. They show my life as a mother, aunt, teacher, friend, reader, shopper, Floridian, Disney fan and most of all, photographer. I hope you enjoy watching. :)
Melanie's 365/2010 project from Melanie Holtsman on Vimeo.
5 comments:
- M Coleman said...
Very nicely done - now I'm inspired to try to do more than my Flickr slideshow! Thanks!
- January 6, 2011 at 8:49 PM
- dayle timmons said...
This is truly a work of art! It really does capture the year in the most amazing way!
- January 6, 2011 at 9:43 PM
- Dean Shareski said...
There is no doubt that you are a skilled photographer. Your photos make mine look quite sad. The pictures of your kids in particular are absolutely keepers, every one. Maybe your kids are just more photogenic than mine....or more cooperative. At any rate, this is fabulous. I hope your family appreciates the treasure you've created.
- January 7, 2011 at 10:21 AM
- Melanie Holtsman said...
Thanks Dean :)
My kids are definitely not more photogenic. They have labeled me Momarazzi, so I probably take their photos too much! You have a beautiful family. Honestly, when I look at other 365 photos I'm looking at "what" was captured. You are always able to capture the love and humor that your sweet kids display. And I love seeing what life is like in the north. Brrrr! Your photos are great. I'm glad your family appreciates and enjoys the photos you take of them. They definitely inspired me to stay the course. :) - January 7, 2011 at 12:37 PM
- Suzanne said...
I can't imagine the dedication, patience, and forsight it takes to produce a 365 day project. I wish I had the commitment, because it truly is a piece to cherish.
- January 9, 2011 at 2:25 PM


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Courtney Morris had just started her senior year at the University of Mississippi when she was found dead in her apartment.
Read more...Mee-Yon Kim was the victim's best friend. When Courtney didn't answer her texts, Mee-Yon knew something was wrong.
Read more...CSU submitted this preliminary inventory of items taken into evidence in the Courtney Morris death investigation.
Read more...Residents were dismayed when they learned that neighbor and Ole Miss undergrad Courtney Morris was found dead in her apartment on Sunday, August 26, 2012.
Read more...Ole Miss coed Courtney Morris was found hanged in her apartment on Sunday, August 26, 2012.
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text:
This is what you're up against in Gaza.
@Eivind. The current version is very close to beta, so I'm reluctant to revise v1 at this time. There wasn't enough room to post it at the Geocities site. These links may work; they are from my Apolyton upload directory:
- Guide: http://apolyton.net/upload/view.php?...AurensGv10.zip
- Part A: http://apolyton.net/upload/view.php?...AurensAv10.zip
- Part B: http://apolyton.net/upload/view.php?...AurensBv10.zip
- Part C: http://apolyton.net/upload/view.php?...AurensCv10.zip
- DLL's and Skin: http://apolyton.net/upload/view.php?...AurensTv10.zip
@Merc. CityPref works well!
Version 2 is a major upgrade with a lot of effort to improve both gameplay and historical accuracy. Infantry has been upgraded to allow for Murray-style slugfests (e.g. Gaza I and II), but your best bet is a carefully planned Allenby-style juggernaut (e.g. Gaza III and Megiddo).
Arab and Sanussi fronts are fairly similar to v1, but with a few tweaks individual Bedouin tribes, trains, nastier potential for Saudi vs Hashemite infighting, and a Darfur theater.
Here's a screenie or two from the latest Alpha. It's Sept. 1917. Allenby has massed 3 cavalry divs, 5 infantry divs, and 5 batteries of heavy artillery against the heavily entrenched XXII, XX, and III Turkish corps. Can he give the Allies Jerusalem for Christmas? It's a challenge, but with careful use of all arms at your command, it can be done!
Last edited by Boco; June 27, 2005 at 00:22.
This is what you're up against in Gaza.
Turks are pretty aggressive in the Hejaz. They'll try to approach Rabegh from Medina by two routes. If you plug those, the AI tends to advance toward Yanbo (west of the camel jockey in red-striped pajamas) or Jeida. That armored car is tough to take out!
wow, boco, that really looks great!
what are you going to do with that "darfur theatre"? Are you going to add another map?
Thanks Allard. Kudos from a master are always welcome, but the art is a compilation of work by Fairline, Catfish, curtsibling, Sarstock, and many others.
EAv2 has four maps: Near East Theatre, Arab Tribes, Order of Battle, and Political+Secret. Darfur is on the Arab Tribes map. The terrain gfx are not yet finalized. Wonder where I can find some terrain for Darfur?
Here's a screenie of an OOB map section. The gold bar leads to transport sites under Matruh, Cairo, Kantara, Gaza, and Jaffa. The idea is to move your units to one of these sites and hop to map0. I tried your idea of labels at these sites, but the city present flag messed up the transport flag. Is it possible to hex edit a square (on map2) to have a transport site, a city label, and no city present? How difficult is it to change the continent number on ~100 squares? I'd like to get the 'go to' command to work on map2, but after all my mapediting, there are multiple continents for one contiguous mass.
One nice feature of multiple maps is that you can specify units that can only be built on a particular map. I use that to allow Bedouin building only on the Arab Tribes map.
No takers on this? Are they silly questions?Originally posted by Boco
Is it possible to hex edit a square (on map2) to have a transport site, a city label, and no city present? How difficult is it to change the continent number on ~100 squares? I'd like to get the 'go to' command to work on map2, but after all my mapediting, there are multiple continents for one contiguous mass.
Morecheesy dialogatmospherics.
Not at all. I don't know the answer toAre they silly questions?
Mercator's hex edit compendium is excellent for FW and MGE but only parts of it (with minor adjustments) can be applied to TOT. I'll take a shot at this but right now I don't even know how TOT stores multiple maps. Can't promise to deliver this baby.Is it possible to hex edit a square (on map2) to have a transport site, a city label, and no city present?
This is time consuming unless there is a utility that can do it quickly. I can do if you give me instructions as to what you need done and the map.How difficult is it to change the continent number on ~100 squares? I'd like to get the 'go to' command to work on map2, but after all my mapediting, there are multiple continents for one contiguous mass.
Excerpts from the Manual of the Civilization Fanatic :
Money can buy happiness, just raise the luxury rate to 50%.
Money is not the root of all evil, it is the root of great empires.
I think it should be. But transport sites are stored in more places than just the map, so you need to be a bit careful with them or you'll crash ToT...Originally posted by Boco
Is it possible to hex edit a square (on map2) to have a transport site, a city label, and no city present?
Try this... This will only work if all cities on map2 are just labels though...
- Place cities on the squares that need labels.
- Use CivEngineer to remove the city present flag from all squares that have the city present flag (on map2).
Note: This would also affect transporter sites and airbases! If you still have some of those on the map too, either remove them first or use a different way to "mark" the squares that need to be adjusted. E.g. put units in the cities if there aren't any units elsewhere on the map and then use the unit present flag instead, or change the terrain type under those cities (before you build them) to one that isn't used elsewhere on the map and then use that to identify them in CivEngineer.- When you go back to ToT, the cities will have become "invisible" (except for their names). You can now place the transport sites as usual.
I think the latest MapCopy can help with that. Are you using land mass numbering "tricks", or do you just want to restore the land mass numbering to what it should be?How difficult is it to change the continent number on ~100 squares? I'd like to get the 'go to' command to work on map2, but after all my mapediting, there are multiple continents for one contiguous mass.
I think the following would work:
- Export the map through the ToT Map menu.
- Open the map in your map editor, Analyze it and then save it... If you want to play with the numbering, edit the map first so that you get different landmasses for each area that needs a different number.
- Use MapCopy to import just the land mass numbers for that one map back into your savegame.
Thanks, I'll give Mapcopy a shot. No tricky continent numbering needed on this map.
I'm rethinking what my objective is for the 'label cities'. Part of it is to provide destinations for the 'go to' command, but I suspect that that command only works with cities that have the city present flag on. If that's true, then that's that, and I'll stick with conventional cities. However, I'd rather that that 'that's that' is wrong.
(4x that! Top that Exile. )
You cheated - shouldn't your second 'that' be a 'than'?
EDIT: I misread it, you're right , that's that
Nope. I just tested it. It works just fine with invisible cities.Originally posted by Boco
I'm rethinking what my objective is for the 'label cities'. Part of it is to provide destinations for the 'go to' command, but I suspect that that command only works with cities that have the city present flag on.
Doesn't look like I can use Mapcopy. If I understand this right, to incorporate a MapCopied map2, I would need to start a new sav by importing maps from my current sav file (along with a MapCopied map2). That would mean redeploying all the units again, right?
To hex-edit manually, is it true that I'd have to find map data blocks 1 & 2 in a ToT sav file, then edit the continent ID for all the offending squares? Does that amount to 8 entries per square for block 1 and 1 per square for map 2?
@Agricola. Many thanks for the offer, but this is looking like a huge amount of work! Let me learn a little more, then decide whether it's worth the cost.
Thanks for the test Merc
[Edit]Never mind. I think I've got the continent editing worked out and finished[/Edit]
Last edited by Boco; July 3, 2005 at 18:27.
As far as I can understand, for map data block 2 each map is stored in a continuous block in the organization described by the Allard/Merc doc. They're spread out from each other by a sizeable offset that contains a little info and a lot of 00 bytes. Within this map data block 1, I think the only clue to map location is the continent ID: 1-64 = map0, 65-128 = map1, etc.Originally posted by AGRICOLA
but right now I don't even know how TOT stores multiple maps. Can't promise to deliver this baby.
I believe this represents 0,0 of map0.
It's ocean, unimproved, outside of any city, ocean #1, known only to the white civ, and a fertility of 0 (?).Code:0A 00 00 01 02 00
Does Catfish have ToT hexing info anywhere on his site? I know he's very familiar with it.
Is this method for creating city labels on transport sites sound? My brain's beginning to fry.
[list=1][*]Create a city in a place you can locate easily in a hex editor.[*]Using a hex editor, find that square in map block 2.[*]Remove the city present code.[*]Find the city information block for the city created in step 1.[*]Edit the x coordinate to the desired position (i.e. the transport site).[*]Save, then load in ToT.[/list=1]
Is the transport site present code in map block 2 is: pollution + city present = 82h = 1000 0010?
The CivEngineer thing won't work?
But yes, that looks like it will work.
And yep, that's the transporter code... But I suggest you do NOT mess with transporters. Transporter info is also stored somewhere else. Removing or adding a transporter just from the map just like that will screw that up and crash Civ2.
Ouch! There are a lotta gotchas with no-city-present-cities. If they're in famine they never seem to starve out of existence, but the starving pop-up shows up every turn. I created events to turn these cities into ocean (0 shields). As Allard discovered, the cities aren't razed, but there is a deficit of shields. The affected units were mostly disbanded, but @SUPPORT pops up for every one. In one particularly bad month, there are 36 withdrawals to click "Zoom" or "Continue". That might send a player ballastic.
So-o-o-o...it's back to conventional cities and dialogless razing. So I have a few dozen no-city-present-cities to convert to regular cities via CivEngineer (is the date of the current version Nov 4, 2002?), but...
Merc, in case you want to debug, here's the file. If you don't have time, I'll hex edit by hand.
Can't you just make sure that the cities don't starve? Or am I thinking too easy.
Is that "control panel" on a separate map? Because if it is, you could simply adjust the terrain types to give just the right amount of food so that the cities have exactly enough food right? Or am I missing something?
I won't have time till tuesday evening at least... I can't even check if you got the latest CivEngineer version. Explorer hangs when I right-click... Oh wait... No I don't think that's the last version... Not sure where I posted that one, or if that'll fix the problem, though..
Um, I'll just attach it...
Edit: Or add a download link...
Download CivEngineer
Last edited by Mercator; September 4, 2005 at 16:51.
Thanks. Adjusting terrain values will let a careful player grow larger cities on the control panel, which would gain free victory points. The big killer, though, are the several dozen withdrawal notification dialogs. I had hoped that they would be informative. They are that, but they're too tedious to go through.
I'll check the newer version tonight.
New version of CivEngineer choked, too. Everything's hexed now, though.
I was afraid of that... I'll have to check later...
I ran across a very strange bug. On turn three, all the Allied cities on map2 gained a 50% shield bonus. Yep, it was linked to Hoover, which is situated in Turkish Aleppo on map 0; I could prevent the bonus by making Hoover obsolete.
So then I got to looking at sav files with my hex editor. City indexes were shifting between turns 1 and 3! On turn one, the first city started with idx=F4 (yes, it should 01), but shifted to F1 on turn 3. That probably corrupted all the WoW assignments.
I'll see if I can correct the indices so that they are correct and stable. If not, I've got to go digging through old backups until I find the latest with uncorrupted city indices.
Wanna bet I screwed things up with my +city-present edits?
Fairline, this'll set me back a few days. Don't rush to finish any artwork for me.
City numbering got corrupted on 3 July. I think this is the sequence:
- Deleted a dozen Turk cities from map4. Somehow this must be the key.
- Saved the file. City Number Codes appear okay.
- Made two minor terrain changes on map1 made via Shift-F8.
- Saved the file. Cairo's city number changed from 01 to E5.
All of this occurred before I played with hexing city-present codes. Makes no sense at the moment, but one thing's clear: I've got to redo a lot of map changes. After 3 July, I made major edits to map2 (and Events.txt) to ensure that goto commands worked well.
Simply hexing in the correct city number codes into the latest SAV file doesn't give a stable solution. The hexed file loads okay, but the codes get corrupted after a turn.
One possible symptom that can be seen without hexing: at the beginning of a turn in the game (often turn 3), the announcements of city x completes y improvement appears to cycle through many cities twice. Seems quite possible with corrupted city numbering info.
More like at least a week. Merc, I'll be putting off playing with SpriteGen as well.Fairline, this'll set me back a few days. Don't rush to finish any artwork for me.
@ Boco: OK, I'll finish up the Riverwar gfx first instead. Nearly done with those anyway.
Boco, I have some cities for you, in case you miss them in the city thread...
Curt those might be the best cities you've produced to date!! This might just be one of the most graphically superior scenario's in ages.
Let me know again if there's anything I can possibly contribute.
I did overlook them in the other thread. Many, many thanks! You improve with every building!
I've started to reconstruct an uncorrupted sav file, but I have to admit that playtesting River War sounds much more fun than continuing the recontruction.
Sarsstock, let me review my Impxx.bmp/Improvements.bmp/Icons.bmp collection. Would you be interested in replacing parts?
I'm also planning on an alternative spaceship. It'll represent transfers from the EEF to the Western Front. When I'm at that stage, I could use some artistic contributions. The palette is likely to be very limited!
Any suggestions for a theme? Hopefully a screenie is attached.
Btw, does anyone know where the A.S.S. label comes from? I know, I know ... I don't know an A$$ from a __, but I'd like to tailor the ship name to something more appropriate to EA. My guess is that it is derived (hard-coded) from Allied Space Ship. Might just have to 'white it out' with an image background of the same color, if that's possible.
Well I'd love to take a crack at the icons so needed, though I fear I might not be as good as Curt is at making spectacular new ones.
As for the alternate to the spaceship, my only suggestion would be some sort of photograph or painting or other piece of artwork featuring an army travelling by foot, by rail or gathering for transport at a port. The image would be broken up in Photoshop perhaps, and as each spaceship improvment is built a new element will be added to the artwork to represent whatever has been added. Such as a new train car full of supplies added to an image of a train parked at a railyard, or a small freighter loaded with supplies being added to an image of a ship convoy gathering in port.
I hope that idea makes at least some sense as its the only thing I could think up. I remember I had made a similar sugestion to HT for Gold Gultch.
ToT has an alternative to the spaceship too though. The Midgard game, I believe, uses completely different graphics. Something with a siege engine. I'm not quite sure how you can get ToT to use that set of graphics though.


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- Imported
- Machine wash in warm water, gentle cycle.
- Do not use chlorine bleach.
- Tumble dry at low temperature.
- Iron at low setting.
- Can be dry cleaned.


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See Special Offers Page for details
Showcase your style with beautiful custom wedding invitations. Coordinate your invitations with your wedding colors and theme - whether you're using ivory or white, roses or gardenias, hosting a formal church wedding or a casual backyard affair, we have an invitation to fit your style. Don't forget to select coordinating engagement announcements, save the dates, and stylish thank-you notes for the wedding and the bridal shower.