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Former president Nelson Mandela's grandchildren collected floral tributes from outside his house in Houghton, Johannesburg, on Friday afternoon.
Former president Nelson Mandela's grandchildren collected floral tributes from outside his house in Houghton, Johannesburg, on Friday afternoon.
The death of Nelson Mandela weighed on African leaders as they gathered in Paris Friday for a summit focused on security and France's military intervention in the Central African Republic.
A state lawmaker and his partner dressed in matching suits and ties embraced and kissed in front of Australia's Parliament House early in one of the nation's first same-sex marriages.
A joint sitting of Parliament's two houses will be convened in the wake of the death of South Africa's first democratically elected president, it was announced.
When it came to sport, Nelson Mandela had the ability to inspire even inspirational figures and leave global stars completely star-struck.
President Barack Obama and his two immediate predecessors will all travel to SA to attend memorial events for former Nelson Mandela
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Stars have rushed to pay tribute to Nelson Mandela after he passed away today
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Heineken® Live Access presents the biggest house music event of the year – Heineken StarClub! Two of the world's most legendary house DJs Kerri Chandler and Quentin Harris will be hitting the decks live at Nasrec, Joburg on the 29th of November and at Shimmy Beach Club...
Share your special moment and photographs with us
The silly season is upon us
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SA National Parks (SANParks) joined the world in mourning the death of world icon Nelson Mandela, it said.
It was my sixth birthday the day Nelson Mandela was released from prison.
It was my sixth birthday the day Nelson Mandela was released from prison.
The story of the SA Police Service is a story of assurance and confidence, national police commissioner Riah Phiyega announced yesterday.
The year is 2040. The rain is incessant, with storms that last for days. And it is hot. The heat comes in waves that seem to go on for longer and longer. It turns out that the climate-change hype was real. The daily failure of the ageing electricity grid makes...


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Feminine imperfection shall be cast out.
see cheris AV? thats supposed to be a jab at me. but im NOT in her head. her whole e-existence is based on me. imagine logging on day after day with the sole intention of attacking one person on this site
in all seriousness, Cheri sent Todd/Ralph to dig up info on me, my family, my inlaws, and my place of employment.
look how creepy she is
her go to response is "crying."

subset: commoncrawl


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Volunteer Bald Eagle Counts at Lake Perris (February 9th, 2013)
Park: Lake Perris SRA
Volunteers will be stationed at vantage points around the lakes and they map and record any eagle observations during a one-hour period.
"We need all the eyes we can get helping look for eagles during these counts," wildlife biologist Robin Eliason said. "These censuses wouldn't be possible without our great volunteers. Plus, it's a good excuse to get outside on a Saturday morning.
Organizers will explain everything volunteers need to do when they arrive for orientation. They should dress warmly and bring binoculars and a watch. No experience is needed.
Lake Perris volunteers should call the office for information, 951-940-5600, and meet at the Lake Perris Regional Indian Museum at 8:00 AM.
Back to Previous Page | Back to the Events Page


text:
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Victorian data centre operator Micron21 has plans in play to shift to 100 per cent renewable energy and achieve a five-star NABERS rating, according to CEO James Braunegg.
FTTN means revenue cut for government: Conroy
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Telstra hits 300 Mbps in LTE-A trial
Telstra hits 300 Mbps in LTE-A trial
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A World Taekwondo Federation taekwondo sparring match
Also known as | Taekwon-Do, Tae Kwon-Do, Tae Kwon Do |
Focus | Kicking |
Country of origin | South Korea |
Creator | Choi Hong Hi according to International Taekwon-Do Federation [1] |
Famous practitioners | Hee Il Cho, Chang Keun Choi, Choi Hong Hi, Kwang Jo Choi, Young Il Kong, Han Cha Kyo, Nam Tae Hi, Jong Soo Park, Jung Tae Park, Yeon Hwan Park, Chong Chul Rhee, Jhoon Rhee, Ki Ha Rhee, Tran Trieu Quan, S. Henry Cho |
Parenthood | Taekkyeon, Subak, Okinawan Karate |
Olympic sport | Since 2000 (WTF regulations) |
Korean name | |
Hangul | 태권도 |
Hanja | 跆拳道 |
Revised Romanization | Taegwondo |
McCune–Reischauer | T'aegwŏndo |
Taekwondo /ˌtaɪˌkwɒnˈdoʊ/ (Korean 태권도 (跆拳道) [tʰɛk͈wʌndo]) is a Korean martial art. It combines combat and self-defense techniques with sport and exercise. Gyeorugi (pronounced [kjʌɾuɡi]), a type of sparring, has been an Olympic event since 2000. Taekwondo was developed by a variety of Korean masters during the 1940s as partial combination of taekkyeon, Okinawan karate and other traditions.
The name taekwondo was coined by Choi Hong Hi who is claimed to be the founder and creator of taekwondo by the International Taekwondo Federation.[1] The World Taekwondo Federation claims that taekwondo development was a collaborative effort.[2] There are two main branches of taekwondo development, although they are not mutually exclusive.
Traditional taekwondo typically refers to the martial art as it was established in the 1950s and 1960s in the South Korean military, and in various civilian organisations, including schools and universities. In particular, the names and symbolism of the traditional patterns often refer to elements of Korean history, culture and religious philosophy. Traditional Taekwon-Do may refer to International Taekwon-Do Federation. The symbolism is replicated in the Korean flag.
Sport taekwondo has developed in the decades since the 1950s and may have a somewhat different focus, especially in terms of its emphasis on speed and competition (as in Olympic sparring). Sport taekwondo is in turn subdivided into two main styles. One style is practiced by International Taekwon-Do adherents and was created in 1955 by Choi Hong Hi. The other style derives from Kukkiwon, the source of the sparring system sihap gyeorugi. This style is now an event at the summer Olympic Games and is governed by the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF). The Kukkiwon - or World Taekwondo Headquarters - is the traditional center for WTF taekwondo and was founded in 1973 by Dr. Kim Un Yong.
Although there are doctrinal and technical differences between sparring in the two main styles and among the various organizations, the art in general emphasizes kicks and punches thrown from a mobile stance. Taekwondo training generally includes a system of blocks, kicks, punches, and open-handed strikes and may also include various take-downs or sweeps, throws, and joint locks. Pressure points, known as jiapsul, are used as well as grabbing self-defense techniques borrowed from other martial arts, such as Japanese judo, or Korean hapkido, or Korean wrestling or ssireum.
In Korean, tae (태, 跆) means "to strike or break with foot"; kwon (권, 拳) means "to strike or break with fist"; and do (도, 道) means "way", "method", or "path". Thus, taekwondo may be loosely translated as "the way of the foot and the hand."[3] The name taekwondo is also written as taekwon-do, tae kwon-do or tae kwon do by various organizations.
The oldest Korean martial art was an amalgamation of unarmed combat styles developed by the three rival Korean Kingdoms of Goguryeo, Silla, and Baekje,[4] where young men were trained in unarmed combat techniques to develop strength, speed, and survival skills. The most popular of these techniques was ssireum and subak with taekkyeon being the most popular of the segments of subak. The Northern Goguryeo kingdom was a dominant force in Northern Korea and North Eastern China prior to common era and again from the 3rd century to the 6th century CE. Before the fall of Goguryeo Dynasty 6th century CE, the Shilla Kingdom asked for help in training its people for defence against pirate invasions. During this time a few select Silla warriors were given training in taekkyeon by the early masters from Goguryeo. These Shilla warriors then became known as the Hwarang. The Hwarang set up a military academy for the sons of royalty in Silla called Hwarang-do, which means "the way of flowering manhood." The Hwarang studied taekkyeon, history, Confucian philosophy, ethics, Buddhist morality, social skills and military tactics. The guiding principles of the Hwarang warriors were based on Won Gwang's five codes of human conduct and included loyalty, filial duty, trustworthiness, valor and justice. Taekkyeon was spread throughout Korea because the Hwarang traveled all around the peninsula to learn about the other regions and people.
In spite of Korea's rich history of ancient and martial arts, Korean martial arts faded into obscurity during the late Joseon Dynasty. Korean society became highly centralized under Korean Confucianism and martial arts were poorly regarded in a society whose ideals were epitomized by its scholar-kings.[5] Formal practices of traditional martial arts such as subak and taekkyeon were reserved for sanctioned military uses. However, taekkyeon persisted into the 19th century as a folk game during the May-Dano festival and was still taught as the formal military martial art throughout the Joseon Dynasty.[4]
Early progenitors of taekwondo who were able to study in Japan were exposed to the Japanese martial arts, of karate, judo and kendo,[6] while others were exposed to the martial arts of China and Manchuria as well as to the indigenous Korean martial art of taekkyeon.[7][8] [9][10]
When the occupation ended in 1945, Korean martial arts schools (kwans) began to open in Korea.[7][11] There are differing views on the origins of the arts taught in these schools. Some believe that they taught martial arts that were based primarily upon the traditional Korean martial arts taekkyeon and subak,[10][12][13][14][15] or that taekwondo was derived from native Korean martial arts with influences from neighboring countries.[7][16][17][18][19][20] Still others believe that these schools taught arts that were almost entirely based upon karate.[21][22][23]
In 1952, at the height of the Korean War, there was a martial arts exhibition in which the kwans displayed their skills. In one demonstration, Nam Tae Hi smashed 13 roof tiles with a punch. Following this demonstration, South Korean President Syngman Rhee instructed Choi Hong Hi to introduce the martial arts to the Korean army. By the mid-1950s, nine kwans had emerged. Syngman Rhee ordered that the various schools unify under a single system. The name "taekwondo" was submitted by either Choi Hong Hi (of the Oh Do Kwan) or Duk Sung Son (of the Chung Do Kwan), and was accepted on April 11, 1955. As it stands today, the nine kwans are the founders of taekwondo,[24] though not all the kwans used the name. The Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA) was formed in 1959/1961 to facilitate the unification.[6][13][25]
In the early 1960s, taekwondo made its début worldwide with assignment of the original masters of taekwondo to various countries. Standardization efforts in South Korea stalled, as the kwans continued to teach differing styles. Another request from the Korean government for unification resulted in the formation of the Korea Tae Soo Do Association, which changed its name back to the Korea Taekwondo Association in 1965 following a change of leadership. The International Taekwon-Do Federation was founded in 1966, followed by World Taekwondo Federation in 1973.
Since 2000, taekwondo has been one of only two Asian martial arts (the other being judo) that are included in the Olympic Games; it became a demonstration event starting with the 1988 games in Seoul, and became an official medal event starting with the 2000 games in Sydney. In 2010, taekwondo was accepted as a Commonwealth Games sport.[26]
One source has estimated that as of 2009, taekwondo was practiced in 123 countries, with over 30 million practitioners and 3 million individuals with black belts throughout the world.[citation needed] The South Korean government in the same year published an estimate of 70 million practitioners in 190 countries.[27]
Taekwondo is known for its emphasis on high kicking and fast hand techniques, which distinguishes it from other popular martial arts and combat sports such as karate. However, the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) believes that because the leg is the longest and strongest limb a martial artist has, kicks thus have the greatest potential to execute powerful strikes without successful retaliation.[citation needed]
Taekwondo as a martial art is popular with people of both genders and of many ages. Physically, taekwondo develops strength, speed, balance, flexibility, and stamina. An example of the union of mental and physical discipline is the breaking of wooden boards, bricks or tiles, which requires both physical mastery of the technique and the concentration to focus one's power.[citation needed]
A taekwondo student typically wears a uniform (dobok 도복/道服), often white but sometimes black (or other colours), with a belt (ddi 띠) tied around the waist. There are at least three major styles of dobok, with the most obvious differences being in the style of jacket: (1) the cross-over front jacket that resembles traditional Asian clothing, (2) the V-neck jacket (no cross-over) typically worn by WTF practitioners, and (3) the vertical-closing front jacket (no cross-over) typically worn by ITF practitioners. The belt colour and any insignia thereon indicate the student's rank. In general, the darker the colour, the higher the rank. The school or place where instruction is given is called the dojang (도장). The grandmaster of the dojang is called a gwanjangnim (관장님); Master (senior instructor or head of dojang) is called sabeomnim (사범님); Instructor is called gyosannim (교사님); Assistant Instructor is called jogyonim (조교님)
Taekwondo is traditionally performed in bare feet, though there are specialist training shoes that can sometimes be worn.
Although each taekwondo club or school will be different, a student typically takes part in most or all of the following:[28]
- Learning the techniques and curriculum of taekwondo
- Both anaerobic and aerobic workout, including stretching
- Self-defense techniques (hosinsool 호신술)
- Patterns (also called forms, poomsae 품새/品勢, teul 틀, hyeong 형/型)
- Sparring (called gyeorugi 겨루기, or matseogi 맞서기 in the ITF), which may include 7-, 3-, 2- and 1-step sparring, free-style sparring, arranged sparring, point sparring, and other types
- Relaxation and meditation exercises; breathing control
- Throwing and/or falling techniques (deonjigi 던지기 and ddeoreojigi 떨어지기)
- A focus on mental and ethical discipline, etiquette, justice, respect, and self-confidence
- Breaking (gyeokpa 격파 or weerok), using techniques to break boards for testing, training and martial arts demonstrations. Demonstrations often also incorporate bricks, tiles, and blocks of ice or other materials. Can be separated into three types:
- Power breaking – using straightforward techniques to break as many boards as possible
- Speed breaking – boards are held loosely by one edge, putting special focus on the speed required to perform the break
- Special techniques – breaking fewer boards but using jumping or flying techniques to attain greater heights, distances, or to clear obstacles
- Exams to progress to the next rank
Some schools teach the "sine wave" technique when performing patterns. This involves raising one's center of gravity between techniques, then lowering it as the technique is performed, producing the up-and-down movement from which the term "sine wave" is derived. Other schools teach that one's center of gravity should remain generally constant throughout the performance of a pattern except where the pattern's description states otherwise.[citation needed]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (April 2012) |
Two of the most popular systems of taekwondo are named solely after their respective organizations: the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) and the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF).
The WTF was founded in 1973, with roots in the KTA. The KTA Central Dojang had been opened in South Korea in 1972, and a few months later, the name was changed to the Kukkiwon. The following year, the WTF was formed. The International Olympic Committee recognized the WTF and taekwondo sparring in 1980.
Although the terms "WTF" and "Kukkiwon" are often mistakenly used interchangeably, the Kukkiwon is a completely different organization which trains and certifies instructors and issues official dan and poom certificates worldwide. The Kukkiwon has its own unique physical building that contains the administrative offices of Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Headquarters) in Seoul, South Korea and is the system of taekwondo. The WTF is a tournament committee and is not technically a style or a system.
The ITF was founded in 1966 by Choi Hong Hi as a splinter group from the KTA. After Choi's death in 2002, a number of succession disputes splintered the ITF into three different groups, all claiming to be the original. These three bodies are all private organizations. Two are located in Austria and one in Canada. The unofficial training headquarters of the ITF is located at the Taekwondo Palace in Pyongyang, North Korea, and was founded in the mid-1990s. There are many other private organizations, such as the World Traditional Taekwondo Union and American Taekwondo Association promoting the Songahm style of taekwondo and Rhee Taekwon-Do teaching the military style of taekwondo. Events and competitions held by private organizations are mostly closed to other taekwondo students. However, the WTF-sanctioned events allow any person, regardless of school affiliation or martial arts style, to compete in WTF events as long as he or she is a member of the WTF Member National Association in his or her nation, which is open to anyone to join. The major technical differences among these many organizations revolve around the patterns, called hyeong 형, poomsae 품새, or teul 틀, sets of prescribed formal sequences of movements that demonstrate mastery of posture, positioning, and technique, sparring rules for competition, and philosophy.
In addition to these private organizations, the original schools (kwans) that formed the organization that would eventually become the Kukkiwon continue to exist as independent fraternal membership organizations that support the WTF and the Kukkiwon. The official curriculum of the kwans is that of the Kukkiwon. The kwans also function as a channel for the issuing of Kukkiwon dan and poom certification (black belt ranks) for their members.
Ranks, belts, and promotion[edit]
Taekwondo ranks are typically separated into "junior" and "senior," or "student" and "instructor," sections. The junior section typically consists of ten ranks indicated by the Korean word geup 급 (also Romanized as gup or kup). The junior ranks are usually identified by belts of various colors, depending on the school, so these ranks are sometimes called "color belts". Geup rank may be indicated by stripes on belts rather than by colored belts. Students begin at tenth geup (often indicated by a white belt) and advance toward first geup (often indicated by a red belt with a black stripe).
The senior section is typically made up of nine ranks. These ranks are called dan 단, also referred to as "black belts" or "degrees" (as in "third dan" or "third-degree black belt"). Black belts begin at first degree and advance to second, third, and so on. The degree is often indicated on the belt itself with stripes, Roman numerals, or other methods; but sometimes black belts are plain and unadorned regardless of rank.
To advance from one rank to the next, students typically complete promotion tests in which they demonstrate their proficiency in the various aspects of the art before a panel of judges or their teacher. Promotion tests vary from school to school, but may include such elements as the execution of patterns, which combine various techniques in specific sequences; the breaking of boards to demonstrate the ability to use techniques with both power and control; sparring and self-defense to demonstrate the practical application and control of techniques; physical fitness usually with pushups; and answering questions on terminology, concepts and history to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the art. For higher dan tests, students are sometimes required to take a written test or submit a research paper in addition to taking the practical test.
Promotion from one geup to the next can proceed rapidly in some schools, since schools often allow geup promotions every two, three, or four months. Students of geup rank learn the most basic techniques first, and then move on to more advanced techniques as they approach first dan. Many of the older and more traditional schools often take longer to allow students to test for higher ranks than newer, more contemporary schools, as they may not have the required testing intervals.
In contrast, promotion from one dan to the next can take years. The general rule is that a black belt may advance from one rank to the next only after the number of years equivalent to the current rank. For example, a newly promoted third-degree black belt may not be allowed to advance to fourth-degree until three years have passed. Some organizations also have age requirements related to dan promotions, and may grant younger students poom 품 (junior black belt) ranks rather than dan ranks until they reach a certain age.
Black belt ranks may have titles associated with them, such as "master" and "instructor" but taekwondo organizations vary widely in rules and standards when it comes to ranks and titles. What holds true in one organization may not hold true in another, as is the case in many martial art systems. For example, achieving first dan ranking with three years' training might be typical in one organization, but fast in another organization, and likewise for other ranks. Similarly, the title for a given dan rank in one organization might not be the same as the title for that dan rank in another organization.
In the International Taekwon-Do Federation, instructors holding 1st to 3rd dan are called Boosabum (assistant instructor), those holding 4th to 6th dan are called Sabum (Instructor), those holding 7th to 8th dan are called Sahyun (master), and those holding 9th dan are called Saseong (grand master).[29] This system does not, however, necessarily apply to other taekwondo organizations.
Since taekwondo is developed in several different kwans, there are several different expressions of taekwondo philosophy. For example, the tenets of the ITF are said to be summed up by the last two phrases in the ITF Student Oath: "I shall be a champion of freedom and justice" and "I shall build a more peaceful world."[citation needed] Many forms of Tae Kwon Do, however, are based on what are called the "Five Tenets of Tae Kwon Do". These tenets are: Courtesy (Ye Ui), Integrity (Yom Chi), Perseverance (In Nae), Self Control (Guk Gi), and Indomitable Spirit (Baekjul Boolgool).[30]
Taekwondo competition typically involves sparring, breaking, patterns, and self-defense (hosinsul). In Olympic taekwondo competition, however, only sparring (using WTF competition rules) is contested.[31]
There may be two kinds of competition sparring: point, which all strikes are light contact, and the clock is stopped when a point is scored; and Olympic, where all strikes are full contact and the clock continues when points are scored. (citing found at aau website)[citation needed]
World Taekwondo Federation[edit]
Under World Taekwondo Federation and Olympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event and takes place between two competitors in an area measuring 8 meters square.[32] A win can occur by points, or if one competitor is unable to continue (knockout) the other competitor wins.[33] Each match consists of three semi-continuous rounds of contact, with one minute's rest between rounds. There are two age categories: 14–17 years and 18 years and older.
Points are awarded for permitted, accurate, and powerful techniques to the legal scoring areas; light contact does not score any points. The only techniques allowed are kicks (delivering a strike using an area of the foot below the ankle) and punches (delivering a strike using the closed fist).[34] In most competitions, points are awarded by three corner judges using electronic scoring tallies. Several A-Class tournaments, however, are now trialing electronic scoring equipment contained within competitors' body protectors. This limits corner judges to scoring only attacks to the head. Some believe that the new electronic scoring system will help to reduce controversy concerning judging decisions,[35] but this technology is still not universally accepted.[36]
Beginning in 2009, a kick or punch that makes contact with the opponent's hogu (the body guard that functions as a scoring target) scores one point; if a kick to the hogu involved a technique that includes fully turning the attacking competitor's body, so that the back is fully exposed to the targeted competitor during execution of the technique (spinning kick), an additional point is awarded; a kick to the head scores three points; as of October 2010 an additional point is awarded if a turning kick was used to execute this attack.[37] Punches to the head are not allowed. As of March 2010, no additional points are awarded for knocking down an opponent (beyond the normal points awarded for legal strikes).
The referee can give penalties at any time for rule-breaking, such as hitting an area not recognized as a target, usually the legs or neck. Penalties are divided into "Kyong-go (warning penalty)" and "Gam-jeom (deduction penalty)". Two "Kyong-go" shall be counted as an addition of one (1) point for the opposing contestant. However, the final odd-numbered "Kyong-go" shall not be counted in the grand total.[38]
At the end of three rounds, the competitor with more points wins the match. In the event of a tie at the end of three rounds, a fourth "sudden death" overtime round, sometimes called "Golden Point", will be held to determine the winner after a one-minute rest period. In this round the first competitor to score a point wins the match. If there is no score in the additional round the winner shall be decided by superiority as determined by the refereeing officials.[37]
Until 2008, if one competitor gained a 7-point lead over the other, or if one competitor reached a total of 12 points, then that competitor was immediately declared the winner and the match ended. These rules were abolished by the WTF at the start of 2009. In October 2010 the WTF reintroduced a point gap rule. Under the new rule if a competitor has a 12-point lead at the end of the second round or achieves a 12-point lead at any point in the 3rd round then the match is over and the athlete in the lead is declared the winner.[37]
Depending on the type of tournament and club, competitors may also use fist protectors, foot protectors, instep guards, helmets and mouth guards.
International Taekwon-Do Federation[edit]
The International Taekwon-Do Federation's sparring rules are similar to the WTF's rules, but differ in several aspects.
- Hand and foot attacks to the head are allowed.[39]
- The scoring system is:
- 1 Point for: Punch to the body or head.
- 2 Points for: Kick to the body.
- 3 Points for: Any kick to the head.
- The competition area may vary between 10x10 meters or 10x10 meters in international championships.
Competitors do not wear the hogu (although they are required to wear approved foot and hand protection equipment, as well as optional head guards). This scoring system varies between individual organisations within the ITF- for example, in the TAGB, punches to the head or body score 1, kicks to the body score 2 and kicks to the head score 3
A continuous point system is utilized in ITF competition, where the fighters are allowed to continue after scoring a technique. Full-force blows are allowed, and knockouts result in a victory; although these rules vary between ITF organizations. At the end of two minutes (or some other specified time) the competitor with more scoring techniques wins.
Fouls in ITF sparring include heavy contact, attacking a fallen opponent, leg sweeping, holding/grabbing, intentional attack to a target other than the opponent.[40]
ITF competitions also feature performances of patterns, breaking, and 'special techniques' (where competitors perform prescribed board breaks at great heights).
Other organizations[edit]
American Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) competitions are very similar, except that different styles of pads and gear are allowed.[citation needed]
Apart from WTF and ITF tournaments, major taekwondo competitions (all featuring WTF taekwondo only) include:
WTF taekwondo features in every multi-sport games except the Small Island Games. It was accepted as a Commonwealth Games sport in June 2010.
Although taekwondo competitors have an apparently substantial risk of injury, most injuries are minor. A 2009 meta-analysis reported that an average of about 8% of competitors are injured per exposure to competition. Age, gender, and level of play did not significantly affect the injury rate.[41] The legs are the most common location for injuries, and bruising is the most common injury type.
Injuries may occur if students are taught to block punches in a formal manner (chamber position, perfect angles, etc.) even when sparring. When comparing the speed of a punch and the reaction time and time taken to block effectively, it is difficult to block a punch. Many taekwondo schools teach students blocking for grading and classwork and dodging or parrying for sparring.
Korean commands[edit]
In taekwondo, Korean language commands are often used. Korean numerals may be used as prompts or commands. Often, students count in Korean during their class, and during tests they are usually asked what certain Korean words used in class mean. These words are fairly common amongst taekwondo schools, but accuracy of pronunciation can vary greatly.
Romanization | Hangeul | Hanja | English |
Charyeot | 차렷 | Attention | |
Gyeongnye | 경례 | 敬禮 | Bow |
Baro | 바로 | Return | |
Shwieo | 쉬어 | At ease (relax) | |
Hyushik | 휴식 | 休息 | Rest period (break) |
Gihap | 기합 | 氣合 | Yell (shout) |
Junbi | 준비 | 準備 | Ready |
Shijak | 시작 | 始作 | Begin (start) |
Gallyeo | 갈려 | Break (separate) | |
Gyesok | 계속 | 繼續 | Continue |
Geuman | 그만 | Finish (stop) | |
Dwiro dora | 뒤로 돌아 | About face (180 degrees) | |
Haesan | 해산 | 解散 | Dismiss |
See also[edit]
- ^ NY Times 2002/06/29
- ^ martial arts resource : historyl
- ^ "World Taekwondo Federation". What Is Taekwondo. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
- ^ a b Capener, Steven D.; H. Edward Kim (ed.) (2000). Taekwondo: The Spirit of Korea (portions of). Korea: Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Republic of Korea. "Korea has a long history of martial arts stretching well back into ancient times. Written historical records from the early days of the Korean peninsula are sparse, however, there are a number of well-preserved archeological artifacts that tell stores of Korea's early martial arts.", "taekwondo leaders started to experiment with a radical new system that would result in the development of a new martial sport different from anything ever seen before. This new martial sport would bear some important similarities to the traditional Korean game of taekkyon."
- ^ Cummings, B. (2005). Korea's Place in the Sun. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
- ^ a b Park, S. W. (1993): About the author. In H. H. Choi: Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence, 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, pp. 241–274). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation
- ^ a b c Glen R. Morris. "The History of Taekwondo".
- ^ Cook, Doug (2006). "Chapter 3: The Formative Years of Taekwondo". Traditional Taekwondo: Core Techniques, History and Philosophy. Boston: YMAA Publication Center. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-59439-066-1.
- ^ Choi Hong Hi (1999). "ITF Information interviews with General Choi.". The Condensed Encyclopedia Fifth Edition. Young Choi's father sent him to study calligraphy under one of the most famous teachers in Korea, Mr. Han II Dong. Han, in addition to his skills as a calligrapher, was also a master of taekkyeon, the ancient Korean art of foot fighting. The teacher, concerned over the frail condition of his new student, began teaching him the rigorous exercises of taekkyeon to help build up his body.
- ^ a b "Brief History of Taekwondo". Long Beach Press-Telegram. 2005.
- ^ Choi Young-ryul, Jeon Jeong-Woo (2006). "Comparative Study of the Techniques of Taekwondo and Taekkyon" (of publication = Academic Journal). Institution of physical exercise, Korea. pp. 197~206.
- ^ "About Tae Kwon Do". The World Taekwondo Federation.
- ^ a b "Historical Background of Taekwondo". The Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA).
- ^ "Tae Kwon Do". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
- ^ "Comparing Styles of Taekwondo, Taekkyon and Karate(Video)". TaekwondoBible.com. "we compare styles of Taekwondo, Taekkyon and Karate in their Kyorugi(sparring). In this comparison, we can see the clear and distinct similarity of Taekwondo and Taekkyon(the old style of Taekwondo). As far as the essence of martial arts is the technical system of attack and defense, sparring style of each martial art will show directly the similarities of martial arts."
- ^ Lawler, Jennifer (1999). "The History of Tae Kwon Do". The Secrets of Tae Kwon Do. Chicago: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 1-57028-202-1.
- ^ 허인욱 (In Uk Heo) (January 2004). "형성과정으로 본 태권도의 정체성에 관하여 (A Study on Shaping of the Taekwondo)". 체육사학회지 (Korean Journal of History for Physical Education) (in Korean with English abstract) 14 (1): 79–87. Retrieved 2008-06-27. "Some of grand masters of 5 do-jang(道場,Taekwondo Gymnasium)s, which is unified as TKD afterwards, trained Karate during their stay in Japan as students. And the others trained martial arts in Manchuria Therefore it can`t be described as TKD is developed by influence of Karate only. And considering the fact that the main curriculum of those five do-jangs was centered on kicking technique originate from Korean folk, so we know that the current TKD seems to be affected by Korean traditional martial arts."
- ^ Patrick Zukeran (2003). "The Origins and Popularity of the Martial Arts". Probe Ministries.
- ^ Henning, Stanley E. (December 1981). "The Chinese Martial Arts in Historical Perspective". Military Affairs (Society for Military History) 45 (4): 173–179. ISSN 0899-3718. "The Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – 220 A.D.) was a period during which conscript armies, trained in the martial arts, expanded the Chinese empire to Turkestan in the west and Korea in the northeast, where commanderies were established. It is possible that Chinese shoubo was transmitted to Korea at this time, and that it was the antecedent to Korean Taekwondo. According to one recent Korean source, "Taekwondo is known to have had its beginning in the period 209–427 A.D. ...""
- ^ Jung Kun-Pyo, Lee Kang-Koo (2007). "An Analysis on the various views of Taekwondo History" (of publication = Academic Journal). Institution of Physical science, Korea. pp. 3~12(10 pages).
- ^ Capener, Steven D. (Winter 1995). "Problems in the Identity and Philosophy of T'aegwondo and Their Historical Causes". Korea Journal (Korean National Commission for UNESCO). ISSN 0023-3900. "[dubious ] "... t'aegwondo was first brought into Korea from Japan in the form of Japanese karate around the time of the liberation of Korea from Japanese colonial rule ..."."
- ^ Madis, Eric (2003). "(The Evolution of Taekwondo from Japanese Karate)". In Green, Thomas A. and Joseph R. Svinth. Martial Arts in the Modern World. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-98153-3. "[dubious ] "...the following essay links the origins of taekwondo to twentieth-century Shotokan, Shudokan, and Shitō-ryū karate and shows how the revised history was developed to support South Korean nationalism."
- ^ Burdick, Dakin (1997). People and Events of Taekwondo's Formative Years. volume 6, issue 1. Journal of Asian Martial Arts.
- ^ Sik, Kang Won; Lee Kyong Myung (1999). A Modern History of Taekwondo. Seoul: Pogyŏng Munhwasa. ISBN 978-89-358-0124-4.
- ^ Jewell, D. (2005): Rhee Taekwon-Do: A history of taekwondo Retrieved on 23 July 2009.
- ^ Williams, Bob (23 June 2010). "Taekwondo set to join 2018 Commonwealth Games after 'category two' classification". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
- ^ Kim, H.-S. (2009): Taekwondo: A new strategy for Brand Korea (21 December 2009). Retrieved on 8 January 2010.
- ^ "Taekwondo". Taekwondo Training. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
- ^ Choi, H. H. (1993): Taekwon-Do: The Korean art of self-defence, 3rd ed. (Vol. 1, p. 122). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.
- ^ S. Benko, James. "Grand Master, Ph.D". The Tenants Of Tae Kwon Do. ITA Institute. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- ^ World Taekwondo Federation (2004). "Kyorugi rules". Rules. www.wtf.org. Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
- ^ World Taekwondo Federation (2010): Competition rules & interpretation (2 March 2010, p. 5). Retrieved on 31 May 2010.
- ^ http://www.wtf.org/wtf_eng/site/rules/file/WTF_Competition_Rules_and_Interpretation_GA_Passed_on_Mar_2_2010_with_photo.pdf Article 18
- ^ http://www.wtf.org/wtf_eng/site/rules/file/WTF_Competition_Rules_and_Interpretation_GA_Passed_on_Mar_2_2010_with_photo.pdf p.26 Article 11
- ^ Gomez, Brian (August 23, 2009). "New taekwondo scoring system reduces controversy". The Gazette.
- ^ British taekwondo chief says new judging system is far from flawless
- ^ a b c World Taekwondo Federation (Oct 7, 2010): Competition rules & interpretation (7 October 2010, pp. 31–32). Retrieved on 27 November 2010.
- ^ http://www.wtf.org/wtf_eng/site/rules/competition.html
- ^ International Taekwon-Do Federation Articles 33 & 34
- ^ ITF World Junior & Senior Tournament Rules - Rules and Regulations
- ^ Lystad RP, Pollard H, Graham PL (2009). "Epidemiology of injuries in competition taekwondo: a meta-analysis of observational studies". J Sci Med Sport 12 (6): 614–21. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.09.013. PMID 19054714.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Taekwondo. |
Look up taekwondo in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |


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Comment: Re:Problem not unique to Apple... (Score 1) 326
What does Scrum have to to with allocation of development resources
Scrum in-and-of-itself isn't really critical to the issue I was attempting to address; I was only using it to help illustrate that development teams do not have unlimited resources. Scrum is simply one of the tools that my particular team uses to organize and prioritize our workload, so that we can appropriately allocate what limited resources we do have. I hypothesized (within the context of the original thread) that Valve likely uses some similar management methodology to organize their own workload.
Also, not every dev shop has a dedicated "maintenance team"... I work in a small dev shop where all of us cross-task to both development and maintenance. So in my case, it's absolutely a given that higher priority tasks (such as new development of a highly anticipated game, for example) would take resources away from lower priority tasks (such as maintenance of a game that's over a decade old, and not bringing in any cash at all for the company).


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EditBasic Person: Edwin A Jensen 1 Level of Education: 4 years of high school 1 Marital Status: Single, without dependents 1 Birth: 1919 1 New Jersey 1 Residence: Place: Union County, New Jersey 1
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More than two dozen people came to Teatown Lake Reservation on Saturday morning to learn how to make holiday tree decorations that double as a food source for backyard wildlife.
Teatown's animal care supervisor and environmental educator Erin Baker showed children and their parents how to make pine cone bird feeders, fruit and popcorn garland, and animal-shaped toast critter feeders.
Children coated items in vegetable fat, then rolled them in bird seed while their parents attached string to hang them from trees. Small pieces of dried fruit and popcorn were strung on thin wire strips and tied off at the ends to make the edible garland.
Cookie cutters shaped like bats, dragonflies and other critters were pushed into pieces of bread which Baker than toasted in an oven before they also were smeared with vegetable fat and dipped into the bird seed.


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PRESERVATION OKLAHOMA NEWS The Oklahoma Historical Society's State Historic Preservation Office annually presents its Citation of Merit to government agencies, organizations, firms, and individuals who have had positive impacts on the preservation of Oklahoma's significant historic properties. Accomplishments in archeo-logical site preservation, research, publication, public programming, leadership, and restoration/rehabilitation work are recognized. The 2012 recipients were honored during the statewide preservation conference awards banquet in Tahlequah on June 7. Organized by city, they included the following: ALTUS Southern Prairie Library System, Western Trail Historical Soci-ety, Museum of the Western Prairie, Main Street Altus, Short-grass Arts and Humanities Council, and the Oklahoma Hu-manities Council for "A Tapestry Tour of Five Historic Sites in Southwest Oklahoma." ARDMORE The Romo Company and Corner Greer & Assoc., Inc. for the Rawlins Furniture Company Building Rehabilitation Project. BRISTOW Jack Longacre and Mike Kertok, Architect, for the Bristow Body Shop Rehabilitation Project. CORDELL Washita County Commissioners and GH2 Architects LLC for the Washita County Courthouse Dome Restoration Project. FORT SILL John Bumgarner for his leadership and dedication while serv-ing as Fort Sill's Environmental Support Branch Chief. GUYMON Frank (Hal) Clark for the Clark Auto Ranch Facade Project. Co-Sponsors of Wide Open for Preservation: Oklahoma's 23rd Annual Statewide Preservation Conference, held June 8- 10, 2011, in Guymon, including the Oklahoma Sustainability Network; Main Street Guymon; City of Guymon Convention and Tourism; Guymon Chamber of Commerce; Pioneer Showcase; and Guymon Chapter, No Man's Land Historical Society, for their excellent support of the conference. Jim and Ann Grocholski for preservation of their home at 418 North Academy, Guymon. MIAMI Miami Tribe of Oklahoma for the Drake House Preservation Project. Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma and The Small Group Architects for the Peoria Indian School Restoration Project. Continued on Page 6. SHPO Recognizes Preservation Achievement Statewide July 2012 Volume XVIII, No 4 A joint project of the State Historic Preservation Office and Preservation Oklahoma PRESERVATION OKLAHOMA NEWS l JULY 2012 1 Bristow Body Shop (left) and Washita Courthouse Dome (right). Photos: OK SHPO and GH2 Preservation Architects


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Sunday Dinner
Endive Boats filled with a Mesclun, Gorgonzola, and Walnut Salad
Boeuf Bourguignonne
Country Bread
Pear Tart
If you are a regular reader, you might recall seeing this bread on our menu many times. Today I am finally sharing the recipe. This recipe is from a New York Times article that created quite a buzz several years back. It is the from the renowned bread baker, Jim Lahey of Sullivan Street Bakery in New York City. He eventually came out with his book, My Bread, with all his bread baking secrets.
I tried the original as is and it was really good, but the one thing missing for me was the size. I wanted a big rustic loaf. One that not only I could use for the dinner table but for the rest of our weekday meals. So, I doubled the amount of ingredients and added a bit more salt. Baked in a 5-quart seasoned cast iron dutch oven, this loaf of bread is a thing of beauty. It is 10-inches wide, about 4 1/2-5 inches tall at it's highest point, and weighs between 2 1/2 to 2 3/4 pounds (that's today's weight).
This is a simple bread to make; no kneading required, but it does take some advance prep and time. Below I have included a few step by steps to help you with your bread dough skills.
*I highly recommend using gram measurements for best results*
First, mix the flour, salt, yeast, and water in a large bowl or gallon container until wet and sticky; flour should be completely incorporated. If not, add a tablespoon or two of water. Cover lightly with a towel, plastic wrap or a loose fitting lid and allow to rest in a warm, draft free spot to ferment, about 12 and up to 18 hours. This long fermentation is the key to great flavor.
After the first rise, the dough should have doubled in size and bubbles should appear on the surface. Generously dust a work surface with flour.
Turn the dough out onto the floured surface in one sticky piece.
Using floured hands or a bowl scraper, gently lift the edges of the dough and fold in toward the center working around the entire dough.
Pinch the top of the dough to hold in place.
Generously dust a thin cotton tea towel or linen cloth with flour and wheat bran.
Place the dough seam side down on to the prepared towel.
Sprinkle the top of the dough with more flour and wheat bran.
Lightly cover with the sides of the towel and say, "nighty-night" for another hour or two.
Preheat the oven and heavy pot or dutch oven with a lid in a 475º F oven. Carefully invert the dough into the hot pot, cover, and bake for 25 minutes. Remove the lid and bake until deep golden brown.
Carefully remove the hot bread to a baking rack to cool. But don't leave the kitchen. Wait a few moments and listen carefully. The bread will begin to-- sing?! That's right, as the hard crust contracts and cools, it sings! Nothing like being serenaded by your food:) Allow the bread to cool completely before slicing.
Once cool, slice and enjoy warm for dinner, a slice toasted for breakfast, and anything in between. Just look at all of those nooks and crannies just waiting to be slathered with butter or drizzled with olive oil--mmm!
No-Knead Country Bread
makes one large 10-inch round loaf
800 grams (about 5 1/2 cups) bread flour
15 grams (about 1 Tablespoon) kosher salt
2 grams (1/2 teaspoon) active dry yeast
600 grams (2 2/3 cups) cool water (55º to 65º F)
Wheat bran and additional flour for dusting
In a large bowl or gallon container, stir together the flour, salt, and yeast. Using a wooden spoon, add the water and mix until you have a wet, sticky dough, about 30 seconds. It should be very sticky to the touch and the flour should be completely incorporated; if not, mix in another tablespoon or two of water. Lightly cover the bowl or container with a towel, plastic wrap, or by gently placing the lid on top without sealing. Let sit at room temperature (about 72º F) out of direct sunlight until the surface is doubled in size with bubbles, about 12 and up to 18 hours.
Generously dust a work surface with flour. Use a bowl scraper or rubber spatula to scrape the dough into one mound on top of the floured surface. It will be loose and sticky. Using floured hands or a bowl scraper, lift the outside edges toward the center, working around the entire piece to make a smooth round.
Lay a thin cotton or linen tea towel (not terry cloth, which tends to stick) or a large cloth napkin on your work surface. Generously sprinkle the surface of the towel with flour and wheat bran. Using your hands or scraper, gently lift the dough on to the prepared towel and place seam side down. Dust the top of the dough with more flour and wheat bran. Cover the dough with the sides of the towel and place in a warm, draft-free spot to rise for 1 to 2 hours. The dough is ready when almost doubled in size.
Half an hour before the end of the second rise, place a rack in the lower third of the oven and preheat to 475º F and place a 5-quart heavy pot or cast iron dutch oven with a tight fitting lid in the center of the rack.
When the dough is ready to bake, carefully remove the HOT dutch oven from the oven using oven mitts; remove the lid. Unfold the towel, gently slide your hand under the dough and quickly, but gently invert the dough into the hot pot. If any dough clings to the top or sides unevenly, quickly run an off-set spatula or knife around the edges to even. The dough will eventually even itself out while baking. Using oven mitts, place the hot lid back on the pot and return to the oven. Bake for 20-25 minutes. Using oven mitts, remove the hot lid and continue baking until the bread is a deep, golden brown, about 15-30 minutes more. Remove from the oven. Using a thin handle of a spatula, carefully lift the bread out of the pot and place it on a rack to cool completely before slicing, about 2 hours, preferably warm. Slicing into the loaf too early will result in a gummy texture. Rewarm and eat bread for dinner or toast for breakfast. Enjoy!
Source: Adapted from My Bread, by Jim Lahey
Sunday Dinner
11 comments:
- Leeanne BurdaOctober 21, 2012
I don't have a heavy dutch oven. What do you recommend? I have a Calaphon Stock pot but besides basic bread pans I don't know what else I would use. Thanks!
ReplyDelete - AnonymousNovember 30, 2012
Dear Galley Gourmet,
I was one bread away from giving up on home-made goodness - then came You!
This recipe is easy, fast (no expensive bread machines) and when it comes out of the oven; oooooo mee god! It is delicious and finally REAL bread. The crust is so crunchy, without having to put a pan of water underneath.
You bakers, do not look any further, this is the real deal.
Thank you!
Happy cooking/baking, especially for the holidays,
Sedona, AZ
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Press Room
04-10-12BDC Receives Three Proposals for Charles North Properties
Baltimore, MD (April 10, 2012) – The Baltimore Development Corporation (BDC) announced today that there are three respondents to its Request for Proposals (RFP), on behalf of the City of Baltimore, for three properties located at the intersection of Charles Street and North Avenue, including the former Parkway Theatre building.
In December 2011, the RFP offered sites at 1820 North Charles Street, 1 West North Avenue and 3 West North Avenue (the former Parkway Theatre) for redevelopment.
The following proposals were received:
Developer: Property Consulting, Inc. (Samuel Polakoff) & Toby Blumenthal
Architect: Ziger/Snead Architects LLP & Cho Benn Holback + Associates Inc.
General Contractor: To be selected
This proposal calls for a single phased mixed-use project. The Parkway Theatre would be renovated to become a multi-faceted theatre able to accommodate a variety of entertainment genres, the principal use being live entertainment. 1 West North Avenue and 1820 North Charles Street would be incorporated into the project through a mix of demolition, renovation and new construction.
MFF Parkway Theatre
Developer: Maryland Film Festival / Cross Street Partners (Jed Dietz)
Architect: Ziger/Snead Architects LLP
General Contractor: Commercial Interiors + Cross Street Partners
The Maryland Film Festival proposes to house a year-round film, digital-video and live-music center in fully renovated and restored theatre buildings. The MFF Parkway would have three components: cinema, live music and education. This project would transform the Parkway's original auditorium into a 419-seat film and music space, and add two smaller theaters.
The renovation would include year-round offices for the Maryland Film Festival and a food venue.
Station North Arts Company
Developer: Kevin Brown, Gregg Mason and David Sawyer
Architect: Aga Szostakowska
General Contractor: To be selected
In this proposal, the Parkway Theatre would be a digital and live entertainment venue operating seven days a week. This venue would be a mid-range entertainment stage for Baltimore City. On the ground floor retail level the project would include an arts oriented paper and digital newsstand, a wine bar, a wellness center/spa, a restaurant/bakery, and fresh market. On the second floor, office suites and production facilities; and on the third floor, residential units.
Charles North is located in Central Baltimore, surrounding historic Penn Station and abutting the Jones Falls River Valley. It is bisected by North Avenue and is located halfway between the Inner Harbor and the campus of Johns Hopkins University.The area is well served by existing transportation elements including Penn Station's Amtrak, MARC and other train connections, Light Rail and numerous bus lines. General boundaries of the Charles North area are defined as the Jones Falls Valley edge to the west; 23rd Street to the north; St. Paul Street to the east; and Penn Station to the south.
The area is home to many successful arts and entertainment venues and is part of the Station North Arts and Entertainment District. The Charles North Vision Plan describes a major regional destination for arts, retail and entertainment, proposed significant mixed-use and transit-oriented development.
Baltimore's Parkway Theatre was designed by Oliver B. Wright and patterned after the West End Theatre near Leicester Square in London. The design is in the Louis XIV style and was envisioned as a Vaudeville performance house with about 1100 seats. The theatre was acquired in 1926 by the Loews organization and extensively remodeled. Movies remained the mainstay until the theatre was acquired and closed in 1952 by the Morris Mechanic organization. It reopened in 1956 as the Five West Art Theatre, continuing that operation into the mid 1970's when it again closed and remained so until the early 1990's when an attempt was made to open commercial office space in the rear orchestra level. The theatre has remained vacant since 1998.
The proposals are under review.
03-26-12BDC to Hold Public Hearing for Proposed Changes to Baltimore's Enterprise Zone
Baltimore, MD (March 26, 2012) - The Baltimore Development Corporation (BDC) will hold a public hearing to discuss the proposed updated Enterprise Zone (EZ) for Baltimore City
The Enterprise Zone is a property tax credit program for businesses making capital investments in their property (i.e., construction or renovation of a building, or expansion of an existing facility) or hiring at least one new employee in the Zone. Commercial and retail as well as industrial projects are eligible. Residential properties are not eligible for any of the Enterprise Zone tax credits.
The hearing will be held on Tuesday, March 27th from 7:00-9:00 p.m. at the Emerging Technology Center (ETC) at Johns Hopkins Eastern, 1101 East 33rd Street, 3rd Floor.
Every 10 years Baltimore City's tax-incentive program for businesses, the Enterprise Zone, undergoes a renewal process whereby the City must redesign the Zone to better reflect the changing demographics and economic needs of the City. As a part of the renewal process, public review and comment are required. (All Maryland jurisdictions apply to the State of Maryland's Department of Business and Economic Development – DBED -- for designation.) BDC's application, on behalf of the City of Baltimore, must be submitted to DBED by Monday, April 16th. If approved, the new Zone is effective June 15th.
The Enterprise Zone has helped hundreds of companies throughout Baltimore City by creating an incentive for property investment and improvements. Please refer to www.ezbaltimore.com for detailed information regarding these new changes. This site contains information about the process, downloadable data, census tract maps, old EZ maps, and the newly proposed EZ map. It also explains the 5-year rule, provides information about the public hearing, has a FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) section, and a link to BDC's website for general information about the EZ incentives. Most importantly, the site also adds a "virtual" channel for public comments or suggestions.
03-22-12BDC Seeks Applicants for President/CEO Position
Baltimore, MD (March 22, 2012) – The Baltimore Development Corporation (BDC) contracted with the City of Baltimore to provide economic development services, and responsible for the retention and expansion of existing business, attracting new business and for proactively marketing the City as a premier location to do business and invest, is seeking a well-qualified economic development professional to serve as its next President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO).
Appointed by the Mayor of Baltimore, the President and CEO reports to the BDC Board of Directors and serves as a member of the Mayor's cabinet (which is confirmed by the Baltimore City Council).
The President & CEO provides vision and leadership for the economic development of Baltimore City that grows Baltimore's economy by: 1) Managing, overseeing and coordinating the City's economic development efforts; 2) Creating a strategic economic development plan with the BDC Board of Directors, Mayor's Office and public and private partners; 3) Recruiting new business and supporting existing business that creates job opportunities for City residents; 4) Providing business assistance and opportunities for minority and women-owned, and small businesses; 5) Facilitating new commercial development projects in Baltimore City; 6) Actively and strategically marketing Baltimore city as a premier urban location to do business and real estate development; and 6) Actively advocating for public policies and development projects that support Baltimore's economic growth, among other duties and responsibilities.
The ideal candidate should be a leader that possesses thorough knowledge and experience in urban economic development, a passion for business and real estate development, and demonstrates a successful track record in the strategic planning, implementation, and completion of complex projects, business negotiations, and organizational restructuring. In addition, a candidate should have: 1) A demonstrated understanding of local government, legislative policies and procedures, public policy, and general knowledge of surrounding jurisdictions; 2) Ability to plan, direct, coordinate and administer a comprehensive economic development plan with City agencies and partners; 3) Ability to analyze complex real estate development projects, including financial analysis, and develop a course of action consistent with established planning guidelines and master plans; 4) A combination of both private and government sector work experience; 5) Knowledge of public-private partnerships, non-traditional financing sources, including Tax Increment Financing (TIF), and Baltimore City incentive programs, including Payment in Lieu of Taxes (PILOT) program; and 6) Establish primary residency in Baltimore City within six (6) months of date of hire.
A Bachelor's degree in Business Administration, Financing, Urban Planning, Economics, Public Policy or other closely related fields with at least five (5) years of experience managing an economic development agency or similar organization is required. A Master's degree in Business Administration, Finance, Urban Planning or Architecture is preferred.
Submit cover letter and resume to Nancy Jordan-Howard, Chief Operating Officer, City of Baltimore Development Corporation, 36 S. Charles Street, Suite 1600, Baltimore, MD 21201, or via e-mail at email@example.com with "President" in the subject line.
In addition to the Baltimore Development Corporation website (http://www.baltimoredevelopment.com/node/4607), this posting can also be found on the following economic development websites:
1. Select Leaders (Urban Land Institute) - http://www.selectleaders.com/login
2. EDC (International Economic Development Council) – http://www.iedconline.org/?p=Job_Center_Listings#march12a
3. MEDA MD (Maryland Economic Development Association) – http://www.medamd.com/jobsboard
Applications will be accepted until Friday, April 6, 2012.
03-15-12Governer Martin O'Malley Announces $84 Million in Investment for Maryland's Innovation Economy
Maryland first state in the nation to use online auction to raise funds for venture capital programInvestMaryland will deploy first round of funds to seed early stage companies this summer
ANNAPOLIS, MD (March 15, 2012) –Governor Martin O'Malley and Peter Greenleaf, chairman of the Maryland Venture Fund Authority, today announced that $84 million has been raised for Maryland's Innovation Economy through InvestMaryland – an historic initiative created by the Governor and passed by the General Assembly last year to invest in the State's promising start-up and early stage companies. The $84 million raised far exceeds a goal of $70 million and was generated through an online auction of premium tax credits to insurance companies with operations in Maryland. While other states have sold tax credits to fund similar venture capital initiatives, Maryland is the first state to use an online auction to raise the capital for such a program. The inaugural round of investments will be made in innovative companies this summer through several private venture capital firms and the State's successful Maryland Venture Fund (MVF).
"Today, we are pleased to announce that Maryland has taken a significant step forward in generating capital for our businesses and creating jobs," said Governor O'Malley. "For the first time in our nation's history, a state has successfully held an online auction to raise funds for a venture capital program and as a result, Maryland will infuse $84 million in venture capital into our Innovation Economy to create jobs. Our State is well-positioned to be a leader in the new economy as a global hub of innovation – a leader in science, security, health, discovery and information technology. That's why last year, together with business leaders from across the State and the General Assembly, we chose to invest in our diverse and highly-educated workforce and the skills and talents of our people for the jobs and opportunity of tomorrow."
InvestMaryland is the largest venture capital investment in history by the State. The program is being implemented through the Venture Fund Authority and the Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development (DBED).
"I am thrilled with the auction's success in not only raising $84 million for InvestMaryland in this difficult economic environment, but also by far exceeding our $70 million goal. I'd like to thank our many partners in this effort – Grant Street Group, DBED staff, my colleagues on the Maryland Venture Fund Authority and the participating insurance companies for helping to make this auction a success," said Greenleaf, who is also President of Gaithersburg-based MedImmune. "I now look forward to putting this capital to work by making initial investments this summer to help build new businesses and create jobs in Maryland."
"Working together with our stakeholders and insurance companies, we were able to raise $84 million and far exceed our goal to fuel innovation and entrepreneurship in Maryland," said Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development (DBED) Secretary Christian S. Johansson. "This program brings maximum benefit for taxpayers, helps create the jobs and companies of tomorrow and builds an economic climate where the most promising ideas and innovations have a chance to mature."
Today's online auction attracted more than two dozen insurance companies with operations in Maryland, who bid on the tax credits with a floor of $.70 on the dollar. The 11 companies awarded the credits are Agency Insurance, Chubb, GEICO, Hartford Insurance, IWIF, Med Mutual, Met Life, NY York Life, Selective and Traveler's. Insurance companies can claim tax credits beginning in 2015.
"GEICO is pleased to work with the State on the InvestMaryland program and participate in today's successful tax credit auction," said Mike Campbell, Chief Financial Officer of Maryland-based GEICO. "Our company is in full support of the positive impact that InvestMaryland will have on companies throughout Maryland in terms of job creation, stimulating private investment and moving our Innovation Economy forward."
Key tenets of InvestMaryland, Governor O'Malley's signature economic development proposal last year, have been implemented over the past nine months. In August, the Governor named the Venture Fund Authority, a nine-member panel that oversees the administration and operation of the program. Earlier this year, the Authority selected Grant Street Group to prepare for and run the tax credit auction and also recently selected Altius Associates, a London-based firm, to oversee the selection of three to four private venture firms to invest the InvestMaryland funds.
The private venture firms will be responsible for investing two-thirds of the funds, which will return 100 percent of the principal and 80 percent of the profits to the State's general fund. The remaining 33 percent will be invested by 17-year-old Maryland Venture Fund (MVF). Over its life, the MVF has invested $25 million into hundreds of start-up and early stage technology and life sciences companies, generating a $61 million return, 2,000 jobs and more than $1 billion in private investment. The Maryland Small Business Development Financing Authority (MSBDFA) will also receive a portion of funds for investment. Returns on the funds invested through the MVF will be reinvested in the program.
Among its benefits, InvestMaryland has the potential to create thousands of jobs in Innovation Economy sectors – life sciences and biotechnology, cyber security/IT and clean/green tech and attract billions of follow on capital. It mirrors many aspects of a federal program to accelerate high-growth entrepreneurship nationwide, The Startup America Partnership, which President Barack Obama launched year.
The program is one of a number of initiatives Governor O'Malley has introduced to spur innovation and entrepreneurship in Maryland. Earlier this year, the Governor announced a legislative proposal to create the Maryland Innovation Initiative, an historic partnership between the State and its research universities to advance cutting-edge research to the commercial marketplace.
Maryland has an outstanding infrastructure to support an Innovation Economy. The Milken Institute ranks Maryland #2 in the nation for technology and science assets. According to study results, while Maryland received high rankings in human capital investment, research and development inputs, technology and science workforce, and technology concentration and dynamism, it lagged behind other states in risk capital and entrepreneurial infrastructure, demonstrating the need for InvestMaryland and other programs. The Index provides measurements of the technology and science assets for states, ranking them on their ability to foster and sustain a technology sector, which research has shown is a crucial factor in determining a region's future economic success.
©2011, Maryland Economic Development Association, All rights reserved
02-24-12Mayor Rawlings-Blake and Other City Officials Celebrate Ainsworth Paint Demolition with Community
Baltimore, MD (February 24, 2012) - Today, Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake, Baltimore City Council President Bernard "Jack" Young, Baltimore City Councilman Warren Branch, Baltimore Development Corporation (BDC) President M.J. "Jay" Brodie and Baltimore City Department of General Services (DGS) Director Theodore Atwood joined members of the Berea and Orangeville communities for a demolition event for the former Ainsworth Paint facility at 3200 East Biddle Street in East Baltimore.
The Ainsworth Paint facility produced Fuller-O'Brien paints for more than 30 years before the O'Brien Corporation sold it to Ainsworth Paint and Chemical Corporation in the mid-1980s. Ainsworth, which made paint for boats and ships, stopped production at Biddle Street in 1988 after losing a federal contract and falling into financial difficulties. The approximately 1.5 acre site, which contained a 42,354 square foot manufacturing facility and a smaller laboratory building, has since been vacant and became blighted and a nuisance to the nearby communities.
"Today we are celebrating the beginning of a new chapter – scraping away the old to prepare for new growth in East Baltimore," said Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake. "Working with BDC, residents and community leaders helped to ensure that we could eliminate this blight and start building a bright future for the surrounding neighborhoods."
In 2007, at the request of BDC, the City Council approved an ordinance allowing the City to acquire the property via condemnation. This action was strongly supported by the surrounding community. BDC was also successful in its request to the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) to release its $1.1 million lien against the property. Further, BDC asked the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency not to pursue further cost recovery actions for emergency work completed in 1995, which they agreed to. These actions were approved based upon the City's acquisition of the property for economic development purposes.
After months of negotiation with a representative of the previous owner to acquire the property, the City decided that condemnation was necessary. The City received title via an Inquisition issued by Baltimore City Circuit Court on April 14, 2010.
"We are happy that the Ainsworth demolition project is underway and these buildings are finally coming down," said BDC President Jay Brodie. "Cleaning up the site for future job creation and returning the property to the City's tax roles is a priority for BDC."
In April 2011, the Baltimore City Department of General Services advertised the demolition project. The contract was awarded by the Board of Estimates to Potts & Callahan in September 2011. BDC, DGS and Potts & Callahan then met with the Berea community in December 2011 to inform them of the demolition project and to respond to any questions.
"Of all the work we do everyday for City agencies, none is quite as fulfilling as work that contributes to the vibrancy and growth of a community," said Department of General Services Director Theodore Atwood. "We look forward to the completion of this project for a better and stronger East Baltimore."
"The former Ainsworth Paint Factory demolition project has been a long-time coming," said Margie Fleming Brinkley, Vice President, Eastside Neighborhood Community Association – Berea. "The Berea community shares optimism for what is ahead as this project is one more important move in our history. We remain profoundly diligent in our efforts to keep our community on the continuously growing map of East Baltimore."
Contact BDC
36 S. Charles Street
Suite 1600
Baltimore, MD 21201-3015
Phone / Fax
t 410 837 9305
f 410 837 6363
Online Form
Public Schools
The real measure of our progress as a people is the achievement of our children. He is happy to report that first and second grade students in Baltimore City schools are scoring above the national average in reading and math and students in all grades are improving faster than the state average on the Maryland School Assessment tests. Experts report that no urban system is progressing as quickly as Baltimore 's schools on standardized tests.
For more information about Baltimore City Public Schools visit their website.
Private Schools
Baltimore City has more than 14 private schools including both parochial and non-secular offering kindergarten through 12th grade. For a complete listing of private schools in Baltimore City, please access the the Association of Independent Maryland Schools.
For more information regarding private educational opportunities, visit the Association of Independent Maryland Schools.
Higher Education
Within the City of Baltimore and surrounding region, there are more than 30 institutions of higher learning, providing a knowledge-based workforce with diverse educational backgrounds and technical skills. Many employers and residents take advantage of the colleges and universities to gain additional career-oriented education through regular or customized curriculum or advanced degrees. For detailed information on Baltimore colleges and universities, please visit the Baltimore Collegetown Network, Baltimore's regional higher education resource.


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Press Releases
Calendar Advisory – Catholic High School Placement Test
November 18, 2013 Students in grade 8 who wish to attend a Catholic high school next year are required to take the Catholic high school placement test scheduled on Saturday, December 14, from 9:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Students take … Continue reading
Nine Individuals Receive Papal Honors
November 18, 2013 (Louisville, Ky.) Archbishop Joseph E. Kurtz, D.D. is presenting papal honors granted to nine men and women by Pope Francis. This prayer service and presentation will take place on Sunday, November 24, 3:00 p.m. at the Cathedral of … Continue reading
Lessons in Stewardship: Saint Mary Academy
November 14, 2013 (Louisville, Ky.) Stewardship Education/Food Pantry: From Monday, November 11 through Thursday, November 21, Saint Mary Academy (11311 St. Mary Lane, Prospect, Ky.) third-graders will be collecting food for the Eastern Area Ministries and the Immaculate Conception Church's (LaGrange, … Continue reading
Bishop Trautman Speaks at Epiphany Parish on the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy
November 7, 2013 (Louisville, KY) Bishop Donald W. Trautman, Bishop Emeritus of the Diocese of Erie, will speak on "The Legacy Of The Constitution On The Sacred Liturgy And Its Significance For The Life Of The Church" on Wednesday, December 4, … Continue reading
Archdiocese of Louisville Honors 3,990 Years of Teaching Service
October 31, 2013 (Louisville, KY) On Wednesday, November 6, the Archdiocese of Louisville will honor 235 Catholic school teachers who have achieved a total of 3,990 years of teaching experience. This luncheon will be held from 11:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. … Continue reading
Calendar Advisory – ACCOMMODATE 2013
October 24, 2013 (Louisville, KY) Please run the following announcement in community calendars or air on public service announcements: The Archdiocese of Louisville's Office of Lifelong Formation and Education is sponsoring the annual "ACCOMMODATE 2013" at Assumption High School (2170 Tyler … Continue reading
St. Leonard School Run/Walk Program Kick-Off
October 8, 2013 (Louisville, Ky.) On Thursday, October 10, from 8:45 to 9:30 a.m., St. Leonard School (440 Zorn Avenue), will kick off a new program for St. Leonard students called Rise to Run & Wake to Walk (R2R & W2W). This … Continue reading
Couples Celebrate a Combined Total of 7,242 Years of Marriage
September 24, 2013 (Louisville, Ky.) Archbishop Joseph E. Kurtz, D.D. is celebrating the annual Wedding Anniversary Mass on Sunday, September 29, 2:00 p.m., at the Cathedral of the Assumption, 435 South Fifth Street. This event honors 148 couples celebrating their 30, … Continue reading
Calendar Advisory – Catholic Elementary Open House
September 30, 2013 (Louisville, Ky.) Catholic elementary schools in the Archdiocese of Louisville will hold a Catholic Elementary Open House Day on Tuesday, October 22, 2013. Families interested in Catholic education may visit any elementary school between the hours of 9 … Continue reading
Statue of Our Lady of Fatima at John Paul II Academy
September 6, 2013 (Louisville, Ky.) The United Nations Pilgrim Virgin Statue of Our Lady of Fatima will be honored at a Mass celebrated by Archbishop Joseph E. Kurtz on Friday, September 13, 8:15 a.m. at John Paul II Academy's host … Continue reading


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I am reposting this from 30 days ago. Amber is a fucking slut we met on craigslist, and Woody convinced her to let me film her getting fucked in every position he could think of.
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natethomas Wrote:The past two posts are the reason I believe I will never be able to conquer my fear of linux long enough to get something like this to work.
A) What is "nvidiawhatever.run"?
B) what does "modprobe" mean?
If you click on the link in the 3. post upper, you will see how to download the driver directly from nvidia.
A) nvidiawhatever is the exact file name, including the version number, you also can see the exact command in the link.
b) modprobe is a command (application)


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Browsing Research articles (Dept of Geology) by Author "Vink, B."
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Huntsman-Mapila, P.; Kampunzu, A.B.; Ringrose, S.; Vink, B. (Elsevier www.elsevier.com/locate/sedgeo, NaN, 2005)[more][less]
Abstract: The siliciclastic sediments of the Okavango inland Delta of northwest Botswana have a modal composition of quartz arenites and result from a complex history, including transport by river and deposition in a nascent rift basin located in a desert environment with input of aeolian sands. The geochemical composition of sediments from the Okavango Delta was determined in order to constrain the role of weathering at the source and the composition of the source rocks. The chemical analyses and the interelement ratios show a broad compositional range usually encompassing the PAAS composition. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) values and the A–CN–K diagram define an evolution trend which can be interpreted using a mixing model involving a strongly weathered component which corresponds to the sedimentary fraction transported by the Okavango River and a relatively immature component which corresponds to the aeolian sand component of the Okavango sediments. Field geological data supported by geochemical ratios involving elements with affinity for mafic–ultramafic and felsic rocks such as Th/Cr, Th/Sc, La/Sc, La/Co and Eu/Eu* support a source area including mafic–ultramafic and felsic rocks, with or without intermediate rocks. The relationships between certain elements (Cr–Ni, Na2O–Al2O3, K2O–Al2O3) refine the interpretation by pointing to the existence of at least three source rock end-members, including a felsic rock source and pyroxene-rich and olivine-rich mafic–ultramafic source rocks. Proterozoic granitoid–gabbro and related volcanic and ortho-metamorphic rock complexes exposed in NW Botswana and adjacent Angola and Namibia are the source rocks of the sediment component which was mixed with aeolian sand and interacted with a variable proportion of diagenetic carbonates to produce the Okavango sediments. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10311/382 Files in this item: 1
Kampunzu2005OkavangoDeltasediments.pdf (1.941Mb)
Now showing items 1-1 of 1