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Web Survey Bibliography
Title Digital Makeover
Author Sloane, J.
Source FSB: Fortune Small Business, 12, 2, pp. 73
Year 2003
Database EBSCOhost
Access date 15.07.2004
Abstract Talks about the application of Inquisite Company's computer-survey options by Ric Cederholm on behalf of the Center for Organization Effectiveness in the U.S. Procedure for sending out individual surveys through Inquisite Online; Savings of the company through Inquisite's services; Increase in response rates.
Access/Direct link EBSCOhost (full text)
Bibliographic typeMagazine article
Year of publication2004
Web Survey Bibliography - 2004 (516)
- What respondents say they want; 2004; Poynter, R.
- Access panels, making the same mistake again?; 2004; Jong, K.
- Without interactive stimulus in digital surveys, you may as well throw your online panel investment...; 2004; Flynn, D.
- The respondent is in the driver's seat... are you going along for the ride?; 2004; Miller, J.
- Presuming pervasive internet access: The survey research paradigm in transition; 2004; Coates, D.
- The impact on interviewee behavior caused by audiovisual online-communication answering sensitive questions...; 2004; Muehlenfeld, H. -U.
- HISBUS Online-Panel: A virtual student village as an instrument for providing political advice and flash...; 2004; Muessig Trapp, P.
- Comparison of laboratory and online experiments: A research program; 2004; Ollesch, H., Heineken, E., Schulte, F. P.
- Paper and pencil or online? Methodological Experiences from an employee survey; 2004; Poetschke, M.
- Employee surveys via Internet or paper? The influence of administration mode, anonymity, voluntariness...; 2004; Reips, U. -D., Franek, L.
- Using web surveys in mixed-mode approaches: an experimental comparison with traditional survey modes; 2004; Riek, S., Rietz, C., Kruger, T.
- Teaching online methods in higher education - the study module "Experimental Psychology" as an example...; 2004; Schulte, F. P., Heineken, E., Ollesch, H.
- "What the h... are they doing?" - What are respondents doing while filling in an online-questionnaire...; 2004; Stieger, S.
- An Overview of Capabilities and Methodological Research Conducted by the Government and Academic Area...; 2004; Dennis, J. M.
- Probability Samples vs. Volunteer Respondents in Internet Research: Defining Potential Effects on Data...; 2004; Pineau, V., Slotwiner, D.
- R U There? Using Text Messaging as a method of contact in Wireless; 2004; Buskirk, T. D., Steeh, C. G.
- Qualitative Discussion Groups: An Online Contribution to Research Methods; 2004; Dammer, I.
- Motivations underlying the intention to participate in Internet-based research; 2004; Deutskens, E., Wetzels, M., de Ruyter, K.
- Online Experiments in Commercial Market Research; 2004; Nordmeyer, C. -F., Geissler, H., Donath, T.
- Online- and offline-employee surveys in theory and practice; 2004; Escher, C., Hauser, F.
- Do access panels really yield representative results?; 2004; Faas, T.
- Mode test of an online and paper employee satisfaction survey: Comparison of respondents and non-respondents...; 2004; Gesell, S. B., Burkholz, S. D., Standiford, M. J.
- Online-Surveys: Effects of different display formats, response orders as well as progress indicators...; 2004; Glauer, R., Schneider, D.
- What They See Is What We Get: Response Options for Web Surveys; 2004; Tourangeau, R., Crawford, S. D., Conrad, F. G., Couper, M. P.
- Stereotypic Response Patterns within Matrix Questions in Web Surveys; 2004; Gockenbach, S., Bosnjak, M., Goeritz, A.
- Material Incentives in Web Surveys: Two Meta-Analyses; 2004; Goeritz, A.
- Salutation, Power and behaviour in on-line panels; 2004; Joinson, A. N., Reips, U. -D.
- Web-based surveys in market and social research - usage and needs of different user groups in the EU; 2004; Kaczmirek, L., Bosnjak, M., Bandilla, W., Auer, T.
- Conceptual brand m@pping - A web-based method to elicit conceptual networks of brand knowledge and to...; 2004; Klein-Reesink, T.
- Website optimisation & controlling by benchmarking; 2004; Knapp, F.
- Application of image-based conjoint analysis on the internet; 2004; Koch, T.
- E-voting: participation, turn out, and digital divide; 2004; Oostveen, A.-M., Besselaar, P.
- The Effect of Motivating Elements on Response Strategies in Online Surveys; 2004; Boehme, R.
- Online and other methods of data collection in employee surveys: A comparison; 2004; Borg, I., Faulbaum, F.
- Are online-offline differences in personality test scores due to increased self-disclosure?; 2004; Buchanan, T., Joinson, A. N.
- A Comparison Between Responses From a Propensity-Weighted Web Survey and an Identical RDD Survey; 2004; Schonlau, M., Zapert, K., Simon, L.P., Sanstad, K., Marcus, S., Adams, J., Spranca, M., Kan, H., Turner...
- Telephone versus Internet samples for a national advisory referendum: are the underlying stated preferences...; 2004; Li, H., Berrens, R. P., Bohara, A. K., Silva, C. L., Weimer, D. L., Jenkins-Smith, H. C.
- Should We Trust Web-Based Studies? A Comparative Analysis of Six Preconceptions About Internet Questionnaires...; 2004; Gosling, S. D., Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., John, O. P.
- On the integration of the Internet into science communication; 2004; Barjak, F.
- Determinants of participitation in online access panels; 2004; Batinic, B.
- Spotting online influentials among business audiences. Using online research in viral marketing campaigns...; 2004; Cakim, I.
- Publishing survey reports with XML; 2004; MacKay, I.
- Fully automated quality monitoring; 2004; Lundgren, P., Nergard, A.
- Are the mobile phone users ready for MCASI - mobile computer assisted self interviewing?; 2004; Tjostheim, I., Thalberg, S.
- What you see is what you get: An international perspective in online survey design; 2004; Thomas, R. K.
- Website design is about understanding the user: How a modal theory of user experience can help develop...; 2004; Comley, P., Lang, J.
- "The full picture" – using eye tracking technology to make web site design more effective...; 2004; Barber, H., Janes, I.
- From e-surveys to e-interviews: how to use technology to interact more intelligently with respondents...; 2004; Loewe, G.
- Sampling: the next must-have for online market researchers; 2004; Luth, R.
- Online panels are the future!; 2004; Noyce, D.


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Tag Archives: BlazBlue
Fri, Apr 05, 2013 | 17:34 BST
Arc System Works wants to make a new fighting game for PS4
Arc System Works is planning a new fighting game for PS4. This is according to a Shoryuken translation of a Dengeki interview with BlazBlue producer Toshimichi Mori and reported by Joystiq. Shew. Here's the quote: "We can't give you a definite title yet, but we want to make one. We started creating BlazBlue around the time of the PS3 release, so we want to make a game for PS4 when the system releases. Creating new things at the turning point of time is who Arc System Works is, so we would like to take it on," said Mori. There's some hope for fans, then.
Thu, Mar 21, 2013 | 09:05 GMT
Arc System Works discusses US branch, new titles incoming
BlazBlue developer Arc System Works has opened a US office with a view to – and I quote – "world domination." This involves lots of localised Japanese games and new titles as well. THe studio has shed some light on what it's currently working on in a new interview.
Thu, Sep 20, 2012 | 08:24 BST
BlazBlue dev reveals adventure game X Blaze, watch the trailer
BlazBlue developer Arc System Works has unveiled an adventure game called X Blaze, along with a debut trailer. The trailer doesn't show much, but it does feature some of the BlazBlue fighters, and some funky music that isn't dubstep. Watch it below.
Sat, Aug 04, 2012 | 18:09 BST
BlazBlue series moves 1.7 million units worldwide
Aksys Games has announced Arc System Works' BlazBlue series has moved over 1.7 million units worldwide. The firm said 800,000 of those copies were sold in North American. Sales include the BlazBlue titles: Calamity Trigger, Continuum Shift, Continuum Shift II, and the latest, Continuum Shift Extend. Thanks, Siliconera.
Mon, Nov 28, 2011 | 22:15 GMT
BlazBlue Revolution tourney has Japanese and US players face off
Aksys Games has announced BlazBlue Revolution, the largest 3v3 tournament for the Arc System Works fighter series to date. The finals will be held in Japan in March 2012, and Aksys will supply airfares and accommodation to the winning trio of the US arm – plus a special bonus if by some twist of fate, they beat their Japanese rivals. Haaaa. US qualifiers will play out in Southern California, and more details will be available through the event's website on December 17.
BlazBlue is a series of closely-interlinked fighters with an emphasis on technical combos, much like spiritual precursor Guilty Gear. It boasts two core entries, one spin off, plus portable versions and revisions.
Sat, Mar 12, 2011 | 22:59 GMT
BlazBlue: Continuum Shift II heading to 3DS and PSP later this year
Zen United and PQube have announced that Arc System Works' BlazBlue: Continuum Shift II will be released in Europe later this year for 3DS and PSP.
Thu, Mar 10, 2011 | 10:46 GMT
Thursday shorts: 3.6 may fix PS3 hacks, unlimited DAII XP, other acronyms
Someone said something, something's rubbish and something else is amazing. And there's a new BlazBlue game coming. See for yourself below.
Thu, Feb 24, 2011 | 10:54 GMT
BlazBlue, Guilty Gear creators having UK meet-and-greet next week
BlazBlue and Guilty Gear creators Toshimichi Mori and Daisuke Ishiwatari are coming to the UK. Fancy meeting them?
Tue, Jul 28, 2009 | 19:09 BST
Record of Agarest War arriving in US through PSN
Aksys Games has confirmed through its website that niche PS3 JRPG Record of Agarest War will land on American PS3′s via PSN.
The Compile Heart-developed SRPG has been described by Joystiq as containing "suggestive sausage-eating imagery" with an "abundance of low-angle panty shots".
A game feature in the titles called "Soul Breed" allows the player to form relationships with female characters.
No release date as of yet, but it will be one of the largest downloadable games on PS3.
More through the link.

subset: commoncrawl


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Prints, Drawings, and Photographs
c. 1970 (negative); 1980 (print)
William Eggleston, American, born 1939
Dye transfer printImage: 11 7/8 x 17 3/8 inches (30.2 x 44.1 cm) Sheet: 15 7/8 x 19 15/16 inches (40.3 x 50.6 cm)
Currently not on view
William Eggleston took the photography world by storm with his 1976 exhibition at The Museum of Modern Art, the first one-person show of color photography at a museum in New York. The attendant publication William Eggleston's Guide introduced his work to an even wider audience and was especially influential for young photographers.
Eggleston was born in Memphis, Tennessee, and for most of his life has remained in the Mississippi Delta area, where he has photographed extensively. He started making photographs as a teenager, but it was not until about 1962, when he discovered the photographs of Henri Cartier-Bresson and other masters, that he was inspired to pursue the medium with greater dedication. Though Eggleston initially worked in black-and-white, as any serious photographer of his generation did, by the late 1960s he started experimenting with color, which at the time was considered a predominantly commercial medium that was not accepted into the established vocabulary of artistic expression until 1970s. Eggleston was attracted to color because of its lushness as well as its ability to be truer to life, and his pictures caused nothing short of a revolution.
In addition to the sensation created by his use of the color medium, Eggleston's habit of "photographing democratically" was also controversial. He rejected the idea of banality and believed that the visual richness of the world made utterly ordinary subjects worthy of scrutiny by the camera's lens, as this example from a gift of five photographs attests. His picture of a tricycle, which appeared in the 1976 New York show, monumentalizes a child's rusting toy parked on the sidewalk. In another photograph, a plastic Christmas candle on the counter of a diner is presented as being as interesting as the nearby vase of flowers and the palm tree that echo its shape. Katherine Ware, from Philadelphia Museum of Art: Gifts in Honor of the 125th Anniversary (2002), p. 143.


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ESPN.com: TrueHoop | [Print without images] |
The big loser here may be the Utah Jazz, as part of Golden State's motivation appears to be an elaborate ruse to avoid ceding a lottery pick to Utah. The timing is bizarre because the Warriors had played themselves into playoff contention, but the Warriors' brass had to view the landscape and see that (A) they were still highly unlikely to make the playoffs and (B) they owed their first-round pick to the Jazz if it didn't fall in the top seven.
There's a way to spin pretty much everything that happens on a basketball team into something resembling reason -- especially in this era of the uninformed armchair GM and his circular gospel of efficiency -- but it's embarrassing, both to your fans and your franchise, to tank so hard when all that's at stake is the seventh pick in a two-player draft.


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Realize Jacket
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S | 34″ – 36″ / 86.36 – 91.44cm | 30″ / 76.20cm | |
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Your satisfaction is guaranteed. If you are not satisfied with your purchase, please call Customer Care for a Return Authorization (RA) number within 90 days of receipt of product (15 days for wearable electronics). Customized product or product that has been abused may not be returned under any circumstances. For all other products, if the item is returned in the original packaging, we will exchange it or provide you a refund based on your original method of payment. The product must be returned to us within 30 calendar days of the issuance of the Return Authorization Number. All products must be packed in the original, unmarked packaging including any accessories, manuals, documentation and registration that was included with the product. Returns that do not meet these conditions may be subject to a restocking fee.
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Unless prohibited by law, a 10% restocking fee will be charged for all wearable electronics when the factory seal has been broken.
Additional fees will be charged for any product missing the original box, packaging material, contents, accessories, and/or manuals (i.e. any product not in "sellable" condition).
Note: Items purchased from an Authorized Oakley retailer must be returned to the place of purchase.


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TheGoose wrote:"a trap game is a game that you go into and get stunned by an opponent who you should totally overmatch." Last weeks game was a TRAP GAME for the Bear's. FACT.... Delyatta should stick to pimpin DMTC for Jake and leave the Football talk to the Axeperts.
Lmao Goose.
Me thinks JB was pulling youz legs. He ain't that silly......or is he?
Vince P


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Pair it with an all over stripe T-shirt, some denim shorts and flat-laced plimsolls for a laidback, off duty look.
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Frozen strawberries, blueberries and blackberries are perfect in this simple baked crisp. Use equal parts frozen berries and pitted cherries for delicious results, too.
These muffins offer an intriguing crunch, thanks to the toasted millet. Savor them warm from the oven, or freeze a batch to have on hand for company.
Use in sandwiches or wraps, or serve on a bed of sautéed veggies like spinach, carrots, bok choy or bell peppers.
Inspired by the dish red-red from Ghana, this simple stew of tomatoes and black-eyed peas is traditionally served with fried plantains.
There are endless variations on this soup, but the main elements are meatballs and greens. In our recipe, we make meatballs of ground beef and pork, and we add plenty of fresh herbs and kale for the green component.
This Honduran staple, known as pan de coco, is like a plump dinner roll. It's delicious served alongside a meal of rice, beans and fried plantains. Or enjoy it with your morning cup of coffee.
Bake the potatoes until they are just tender and still a tad firm so they don't turn to mush and fall apart. These potato skins are a great side dish to meat, tofu or salmon.
This is a great make-ahead recipe. Cool completely then freeze in an airtight container. Reheat frozen or thawed stew slowly in a large covered pot over medium-low heat until completely hot. Serve with lime wedges, warm naan bread and fruit chutney.
Challah, a rich braided bread typically made with eggs, is perfect for making French toast. Drizzle with honey instead of maple syrup, if you like.
Topped with crisp bacon, green onions and sour cream, these baked sweet potato hors d'oeuvres could be crowned the champion of your next cocktail party. For best results, look for sweet potatoes that are long and thin, roughly 2 1/2 inches wide.
Crisp and refreshing, this cocktail made with fresh pineapple, rosemary, sparking wine and ginger ale is soon to be your go-to holiday drink. To release its fragrance, gently crush a rosemary sprig in your palm to garnish each glass.
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Uniquely delicious, sweet-tart cookies for a homemade gift, cocktail party or cookie swap.
This lightened-up version of a Tex-Mex favorite is ideal for cooler weather, flavored with rich pumpkin and spicy tomatoes. Serve with tortilla chips or raw veggies for dipping.


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30 die when bus plunges off cliff in Nepal
Accident occurs 375 miles from capita
A bus plunged down a steep slope Saturday in Nepal killing at least 30 people and injuring 13 more, police said.
The accident occurred in the Doti district about 375 miles west of the capital Kathmandu, when the bus hit a pole on the side of the road and plummeted nearly 700 feet, said police spokesman Ramesh Bahadur Dhanuk.
The injured are being treated at nearby hospitals. The bus driver is among them.
Poor roads, old buses, inexperienced drivers and overcrowding contribute to frequent traffic accidents in the mountains of Nepal.
Last month 15 people died in a mishap in the Surkhet district about 250 miles west of Kathmandu.
Copyright 2013 by CNN NewSource. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Endometrial AblationMedical Author:
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MDMelissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, is a U.S. board-certified Anatomic Pathologist with subspecialty training in the fields of Experimental and Molecular Pathology. Dr. Stöppler's educational background includes a BA with Highest Distinction from the University of Virginia and an MD from the University of North Carolina. She completed residency training in Anatomic Pathology at Georgetown University followed by subspecialty fellowship training in molecular diagnostics and experimental pathology. Medical Editor:
William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR
William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACRDr. Shiel received a Bachelor of Science degree with honors from the University of Notre Dame. There he was involved in research in radiation biology and received the Huisking Scholarship. After graduating from St. Louis University School of Medicine, he completed his Internal Medicine residency and Rheumatology fellowship at the University of California, Irvine. He is board-certified in Internal Medicine and Rheumatology.
What is endometrial ablation?Endometrial ablation is the surgical destruction of the lining tissues of the uterus, known as the endometrium. Endometrial ablation is one type of treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding. Why is endometrial ablation done?Endometrial ablation is a treatment for abnormal bleeding of the uterus that is due to a benign (non-cancerous) condition. Endometrial ablation is not sufficient for treatment of bleeding due to cancer of the uterus, since cancer cells may have grown into the deeper tissues of the uterus and would not be removed by the procedure. Endometrial ablation is only performed on a nonpregnant woman who does not plan to become pregnant in the future. It should not be performed if the woman has an active infection of the genital tract. Endometrial ablation is not a first-line therapy for heavy bleeding and should only be considered when medical and hormonal therapies have not been sufficient to control the bleeding. How is endometrial ablation performed?Prior to the procedure, a woman needs to have an endometrial sampling (biopsy) performed to exclude the presence of cancer. Imaging studies and/or direct visualization with a hysteroscope (a lighted viewing instrument that is inserted to visualize the inside of the uterus) are necessary to exclude the presence of uterine polyps or benign tumors (fibroids) beneath the lining tissues of the uterus. Polyps and fibroids are possible causes of heavy bleeding that can be simply removed without the need for ablation of the entire endometrium. Obviously, the possibility of pregnancy must be excluded, and intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) must be removed prior to considering endometrial ablation. Hormonal therapy may be given in the weeks prior to the procedure (particularly in younger women), in order to shrink the endometrium to an extent whereby ablation therapy has the greatest likelihood of success; because the thinner the endometrium, the greater the chances for successful ablation. To begin the procedure, the cervical opening is dilated to allow passage of the instruments into the uterine cavity. Different procedures have been used and are all similarly effective for destroying the uterine lining tissue. These include laser beam, electricity, freezing, heating, or microwave energy. The choice of procedure depends upon a number of factors, including
The type of anesthesia required depends upon the method used, and some endometrial ablation procedures can be performed with minimal anesthesia during an office visit. Others may be performed in an outpatient surgery department. Patient CommentsViewers share their comments
Endometrial Ablation - Side Effects
Question: Did you experience any side effects from your endometrial ablation?


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Summary (Masterplots, Fourth Edition)
Howard Roark is expelled from architectural school because he has no respect for copying the past. Peter Keating, one of the favorite students at the school, frequently persuades Roark to help him with his assignments. Roark decides to go to New York City to work for Henry Cameron, a once-respected but now renegade architect who shares Roark's ideals. Keating takes a job with the firm of Guy Francon, a powerful and influential architect who believes in copying classic buildings. After Cameron's business fails, Keating hires Roark, but the job does not last long. Francon fires Roark for his failure to draft an adaptation of one of Cameron's buildings; Roark continues to refuse to copy others' work.
Dominique Francon, Guy's daughter, visits the office. Her beauty immediately impresses Keating, and he remains interested in her even after discovering that she wrote a newspaper column in Gail Wynand's Banner in which she criticized one of his building designs. They later begin dating. Keating's longtime girlfriend, Catherine Halsey, announces that she wants to get married immediately; however, she agrees to wait. Keating knows that Halsey is the niece of Ellsworth Toohey, a Banner columnist who writes about architecture and many other topics. He refuses to use his relationship with Halsey to gain influence with Toohey.
Roark takes a job with another firm but learns that his designs will be combined with those of...
(The entire section is 1183 words.)
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Summary (Magill's Survey of American Literature, Revised Edition)
The Fountainhead's major theme is the need for integrity and independence as exemplified in the career of Howard Roark. Roark is the fountainhead, or productive force, in the novel. To develop this theme, Rand places Roark in contrast with three other men, Peter Keating, Ellsworth Toohey, and Gail Wynand.
The novel begins with a jarring contrast. Howard Roark is expelled from the Stanton Academy on the same day that Peter Keating graduates with honors. Roark is the true architect, making a building's design fit its purpose, while Keating's practice of architecture seeks to please other people. In New York, Roark works for Henry Cameron, a brilliant, unconventional architect whose career and body are in decline. Cameron becomes Roark's mentor, but he is also a foreboding image of how the world may destroy Roark.
After Cameron retires, Roark begins working for a series of architects but keeps getting fired because he will not bend to mediocrity. Roark designs in one style—-his own—-and ignores architectural fashions and traditions. Keating, meanwhile, advances in his career. Every time he has to design a building on his own, however, he turns to Roark for help. In this way Rand dramatizes the nature of the "second-hander." Keating cannot produce because he worries about how his buildings will be received, while Roark, the fountainhead, can think on his own.
While working at one firm, Roark meets the...
(The entire section is 733 words.)
Part 1 Summary
The novel opens as the Stanton Institute of Technology is graduating its 1922 class. The dean has just informed Howard Roark that he is being expelled for "insubordination,"—for refusing to complete his assignments according to the standards of the college. Roark is not upset by the expulsion; rather, he admits that he should have quit the school long ago since he claims that he has learned very little there. Valedictory speaker Peter Keating, who has conformed to Stanton's rules, is considered by all to be the school's next success story. Yet Keating is unsure about his next move. He asks Roark's advice about whether to continue his studies in Europe or to accept a position with the Francon Architectural Firm in New York City. Roark tells him that he will learn nothing by studying the architecture of the past.
Both men move to New York City. Keating shows little creative promise but learns how to manipulate his employer, Guy Francon, and so quickly rises in the firm, becoming chief designer. Francon's beautiful daughter Dominique recognizes Keating's and her father's mediocrity and the pandering they must engage in to become successful. She openly criticizes them in her interior design column in The New York Banner. Overwhelmed by her beauty and commanding presence, Keating proposes marriage to her, but she refuses.
Roark becomes assistant to Henry Cameron, a renegade architect who once had enjoyed success for his innovative...
(The entire section is 366 words.)
Part 2 Summary
When Cameron retires, Roark accepts a job at Francon, but after refusing to work with others on his first design there, he is fired. He is later hired by another builder who lets him design independently but alters his work after it is completed. As a result, Roark determines to work for himself and is soon contracted by newspaperman Austen Heller to build his home. Roark cannot find other clients to appreciate his unique designs and so is forced to close his office and find work in a granite quarry in Connecticut, owned by Guy Francon.
That summer, Roark meets Dominique, and the two enter into an intense sexual relationship. He is soon called back to the city, though, to design an apartment building. After its completion, Roark gains recognition and more contracts. His success is noticed by Ellsworth Toohey, architectural critic for The Banner. Toohey, who has falsely assumed the role of humanist, feels threatened by Roark's individuality and so sets out to ruin him. On his recommendation, Roark is hired to build a "Temple to the Human Spirit," which upon completion, Toohey claims is heretical. As a result, Roark's career suffers.
Dominique marries Keating as an escape from her conflicted feelings about Roark, but the marriage lasts less than two years when she meets and decides to marry Banner publisher Gail Wynand. Recognizing and appreciating Roark's genius, Wynand hires him to build a house for Dominique, and the two men...
(The entire section is 258 words.)
Part 3 Summary
In an effort to bolster his own reputation, Keating asks Roark to design a low-cost development called Cortlandt Homes. Roark agrees, with Keating's promise that he will not alter the plans. When Keating passes the design off as his own and allows it to be altered, Roark blows up the project with Dominique's help. When Roark goes on trial for the bombing, Wynand supports his friend, which turns public opinion against him. Toohey sees the situation as an opportunity for him to destroy Wynand, who has just fired him, and Roark. Toohey engineers a strike against the Banner. To save himself, Wynand writes an editorial condemning Roark, which salvages his career but breaks his spirit.
At his trial, Roark convinces the jury that he had a right to destroy his project and is found not guilty. Roger Enright buys Cortlandt Homes and commissions Roark to rebuild it. Keating's reputation is destroyed after the public discovers that he put his name on the designs. After Dominique divorces Wynand, she marries Roark, who agrees to build a skyscraper for Wynand, who tells him, "'Build it as a monument to that spirit which is yours ... and could have been mine.'"
(The entire section is 198 words.)
Chapter Summaries
Part 1, Chapters 1-3 Summary
Howard Roark stands naked at the edge of a cliff, looking down into the lake that has filled the granite quarry. He feels, not that he is one with the earth, but that the earth was made to support him. He thinks of that morning, when he was expelled from the Stanford Institute architectural program. He returns to his boarding house run by Mrs. Keating, whose son, Pete, is graduating that morning. Mrs. Keating tells Roark that the Dean wants to see him immediately. At his own pace, Roark goes to the Institute to talk with the Dean. In their conversation, Roark is at odds with the Dean's notion that architecture is based on tradition. Roark does not want to follow tradition—he wants to create one. For this "originality," Roark has been expelled. This does not particularly bother Roark because he feels he has learned all that the Institute is capable of teaching him. As for his career in architecture, Roark does not see himself as a servant of his client. Rather, Roark sees himself as an artist who must teach his client to appreciate his designs.
Peter Keating graduates from the Stanford Institute as the leading scholar of the class of 1922. Guy Francon has offered him a job with his architectural firm, but Keating has also won a scholarship to the Ecole de Beaux Arts in Paris. Keating is torn between the two; he knows what a great honor it is to be selected by Francon. He returns to his home to find Howard Roark sitting on the porch. Keating asks Roark his advice, but Roark refuses to give it. Mrs. Keating intrudes on the conversation, giving her advice that if Keating does not accept Francon's offer, the job will be given to Keating's arch rival. Keating reflects that architecture had not been his first choice. He had wanted to be an artist, but his mother had urged him to take a more practical course. Roark announces that he is going to work for Henry Cameron, who is a disgraced architect with shabby offices on the waterfront. He believes that at Cameron's he will be able to build rather than copy the past. Keating leaves to join some other students for a night on the town in Boston.
On his first day with Francon's firm, Keating arrives to find himself a small cog in a large machine. He tries to make some connection with the other people in the company, and there is some promise of future friendships. He learns that the buildings are no longer designed by Francon but by Stengel. Stengel himself gives Keating...
(The entire section is 615 words.)
Part 1, Chapters 4-6 Summary
Guy Francon reads a magazine article to Peter Keating; it is by Ellsworth Toohey and praises Francon for his architectural genius. Keating, who has become the favored boy of the firm, offers to finish the plans by his best friend, Tim Davis, because he knows Davis's days are numbered. Afterward, Keating visits Catherine Halsey, a homely and dull girl with whom he is inexplicably infatuated. He learns that her uncle is Ellsworth Toohey, but he does not want to use her to meet the famed architectural critic. He does not want his future to be one of manipulation.
Henry Cameron calls Howard Roark into his office to let him know that he is firing him. Cameron says that Roark is too good for his second-rate firm. He urges Roark to try a more distinguished firm, such as Francon and Heyer, where he will earn more respect just by association. He sees that Roark has a passion for architecture; he would work for nothing just to build the masterpiece he desires. In the end, he knows Roark will not leave.
Over the next two years, Peter Keating rises to the top level of the firm. He begins to do more of Tim Davis's work, which eventually leads to Davis's termination. Keating also manipulates Stengel, the top designer, into leaving the firm to start his own business, thus leaving Keating as the chief designer of Francon and Heyer. When faced with his first assignment, however, he becomes insecure and seeks Roark's help. Roark simplifies Keating's designs, which Keating then turns in to Francon as his own work. In his position at Cameron's firm, is faced with the reality that Cameron is no longer accepted as a valid architect. Cameron sees his career as symbolized by a tabloid, appealing to an undiscriminating public. He leaves it to Roark to salvage what he can from the mess Cameron has created.
Ellsworth Toohey publishes a bestselling book on the history of architecture. One year following this, Henry Cameron retires from business. He leaves the cleaning up for Roark. Keating expands his notoriety beyond the office to New York society. His mother rents her home in Stanton and moves to New York. She constantly provides advice to her son on how to get ahead, and Peter ignores her advice. He and Katherine (whom he calls Katie) agree that they are engaged. Although Keating had tried to get an introduction to Francon's daughter, Francon obviously does not get on well with her, so Keating abandons the effort and...
(The entire section is 468 words.)
Part 1, Chapters 7-9 Summary
When Peter Keating reads about Henry Cameron's retirement, he approaches Francon about hiring Roark, and he asks for carte blanche. Francon agrees; he admits that, despite Cameron's downfall, he trained good architects—including himself. Keating goes to Roark's home, ostensibly just passing by. Roark immediately knows why Keating has come and accepts the offer with a weekly salary of sixty-five dollars. His only condition is that he be placed in the engineering department, not the aesthetics department.
Roark settles in to his new job and tries to concentrate on the interior structures rather than on the exteriors. He goes down to the construction site of one building and strikes up a conversation with Mike, one of the builders. They discuss the lack of real experience in building by most architects and learn that both have worked for Henry Cameron. Mike learns about Roark's reputation but does not care.
Francon calls Roark to his office with an assignment. A client wants an office building like one designed by Henry Cameron. Francon gives Roark directions to adapt Cameron's design along more classical lines, but Roark refuses. He begs for the opportunity to design the building as Cameron would have, but Francon becomes irate and fires Roark. Over the next several months, Roark goes from firm to firm, but his reputation for arrogance has preceded him. One day he reads an article by Gordon Prescott on the need for new ideas in modern architecture. When Roark goes to see Prescott, he is told that his designs are immature and undisciplined.
Roark finally is hired at a firm led by John Eric Snyte, who collects architects representing different styles. Roark is hired as the modernistic representative. Meanwhile, the builders' union goes on strike, which brings construction to a halt. Ellsworth Toohey, who has become a leading columnist in the papers of Gail Wynand, is supportive of the strikers. He speaks at a union rally at which Peter Keating finds Katie, who is transfixed by her uncle's speech. Keating tries to get her away from the rally, but she refuses. Then Keating is caught up in Toohey's call for unity—merging the self into the common good.
The next day, Wynand gives Toohey a raise in salary. Toohey tries to reject it, stating that he will not accept a bribe to be quiet. Wynand says that he is not bribing him and that Toohey should not flatter himself. After the strike ends,...
(The entire section is 473 words.)
Part 1, Chapters 10-12 Summary
At a gathering at the home of Mrs. Ralston Holcombe, Keating at last meets Dominique Francon. She is arrogant but Keating finds her appealing. She is dismissive to other guests and eventually to Keating as well.
Roark has worked for Snyte's firm for several months when he is assigned to collaborate on plans for a home for Austen Heller, whom Keating had heard speak at the union rally. Heller wants something unique built on a rock cliff. Roark designs a home built out of the rock itself, but the final plans show revisions along a more traditional line. Heller, who has gone through several architects to find the design he wants, states that this is the closest anyone has ever come, but it is still not what he wants. Roark seizes the plans and quickly sketches his original design over the water colored picture. Snyte is furious and fires him on the spot. Heller states that he considers himself fired as well and walks out with Roark, whom he immediately hires to design his home according to the sketch he just created. He gives him a check made out to "Howard Roark, Architect" as an advance to establish an office and his own architectural firm.
Roark sets up his own office and returns to Snyte's firm to retrieve his supplies. Snyte tries to cajole him into staying, stating that he did not seriously mean to fire him. Roark refuses. In anger, Snyte warns Roark that he will never take him back, and he will make sure that no other firm will ever hire him. Roark begins the building of Heller's home; he visits the site several times. He discovers Mike working on the electrical system of the house. When the building is finished, the majority of the architectural community ignores it. The only comments made are negative. Keating makes an attempt at defending him.
Dominique Francon writes an investigative article on the conditions of the slums of New York. She spends two weeks living in a tenement, garnering information. After the article's publication, she attends a reception where she confronts the slum lords with the conditions that the residents must face. However, in a meeting of social workers, she exposes the tenants as the victims of their own laziness. Her father sees these two conflicting views. Peter Keating begins to date Dominique, which pleases Francon, who hopes Keating will be a positive influence on her. Keating does not see Katie for more than a month until she shows up at his home, begging him...
(The entire section is 520 words.)
Part 1, Chapters 13-15 Summary
Howard Roark faces challenges when it comes to finding and keeping commissions. Jimmy Gowan, who had seen the Heller house, commissions him to build a gas station. Gowan is pleased with it, and Roark stays all day at the station on its first day. Mrs. Wayne Wilmot is a fan of Austen Heller's and so wants Roark to design her home so she can say that she has Heller's architect. When she will not be budged from building English Tudor, Roark refuses the commission. Robert Mundy asks Roark to build a reproduction of a Southern plantation as a symbol of himself. Roark objects, stating that it is a symbol of other people's opinions, not of Mundy. Nathaniel Janss hires Roark to design an office building in downtown New York. Although Janss likes Roark's modern plans, the board rejects it. Mr. Fargo, who likes both Roark's gas station and Heller's home, asks him to build a store for him. As Roark is working on this, he is commissioned to build a private mansion on the Hudson by Mr. and Mrs. Sanborn. Mrs. Sanborn objects all through the planning process, insisting that there be at least some classical elements to the home. When it is finished, she refuses to live in it. The Architect's Guild of America describes the Sanborn house as "uninhabitable."
Keating waits patiently for Heyer to die. He increasingly ignores Heyer, which causes the elder man to complain to Francon. Francon talks Keating into entering a design competition for the New York headquarters of Cosmo-Slotnik Pictures. Keating will be listed as the designer and receive one-fifth of the prize money. Keating promises Katie that the two of them will be married after the prize is announced. He visits Roark, who revises Keating's entry to the competition.
Roark, who has not had any commissions for months, patiently waits for his money to disappear. Henry Cameron is dying, and Roark spends his last three days at Cameron's side. Cameron urges Roark to stick to his principles no matter what.
Despite Keating's promise to Katie, he grows ever closer to Dominique Francon. After one social event, Keating kisses her, which she allows him to do just so she will know what it is like. She explains to him that she is frigid and does not love him or any man. Keating begs her to marry him, which she promises to do should she ever feel a need to punish herself. Keating feels that this is good enough for the moment.
Keating is afraid that he...
(The entire section is 602 words.)
Part 2, Chapters 1-3 Summary
Howard Roark enjoys his work at the quarry, despite the pain he feels at the end of each day. Dominique Francon enjoys the solitude of her home in the country, and she roams the surrounding area like a "chatelaine" (ruler) of a kingdom. She finds her way to the nearby quarry and is transfixed at the sight of Roark at work. He looks into her eyes, and she immediately feels controlled. Her desire for this unknown stranger causes her to feel an intense hatred for him. She hopes that he feels pain from his work. Her obsession for Roark drives her to come back to the quarry repeatedly. The two always lock eyes but do not speak. Eventually, Dominique confronts Roark about gazing. He boldly tells her he stares at her for the same reason she stares at him. Feeling even more controlled—and strangely liking it—Dominique manages to walk away and not look back.
Dominique resents that she has lost her freedom in her obsession with Howard Roark. She recognizes that, even in her struggle to keep away from the quarry, Roark is possessing her. She decides to engineer a confrontation. Dominique takes a hammer and makes a deep scratch on her marble fireplace. She hires Roark to replace it. As he examines the marble, she struggles to refrain from touching him. Roark orders a new piece of marble, but he sends another workman to repair the fireplace. When Dominique asks him why he did not fix it himself, Roark asks her if it really makes a difference. Both know that it does.
That night, Roark enters Dominique's bedroom. He rapes her, and Dominique struggles throughout the act. After Roark leaves, Dominique feels the need for a bath, but she decides she does not want to wash Roark off her. A week later, Roark receives a letter from Roger Enright asking him to come see him; he has a commission for him to do the Enright House. Roark leaves with barely a thought for Dominique. When Dominique goes to the quarry, she learns of Roark's departure.
Stephen Mallory is chosen by Mr. Slotnick as the sculptor for a statue in the Cosmo-Slotnick Building, but Mr. Slotnick does not like it and asks Keating to choose another. Keating receives an advance copy of an article about himself by Ellsworth Toohey, along with a request to see him. Keating makes the appointment and later learns that Mallory tried to kill Toohey, who was uninjured. When Keating goes to see Toohey the next day, the conversation begins with a mutual admiration...
(The entire section is 462 words.)
Part 2, Chapters 4-6 Summary
Keating reads Lois Cook's book and finds it spiritual because he does not understand it. He is meeting Katie at Ellsworth Toohey's home for a "family tea." Mrs. Keating still pushes her son along, despite his recent success.
Katie is anxious that her uncle approve of her marriage to Keating. Toohey implies that it is not important enough to disapprove. Keating and Toohey discuss Roark's design for the Enright House, which Toohey finds unremarkable. At Lois Cook's home, Keating discusses with her the plans for her house. She wants it lighted by kerosene, absent of windows in the living room, and an appearance of the ugliest house imaginable. She finds beauty too commonplace. She speaks of a youth group of writers (similar to the youth group of architects) that Toohey wants to form, with Lois Cook and Peter Keating as the chairmen.
Dominique returns to New York City, hoping to run into Roark (whose name she still does not know). She resents each part of the city where he might have had contact. She sees his design for the Enright House. She is unaware of the designer but judges it too beautiful to be built. It should exist only as an ideal.
Ellsworth Toohey gathers together his youth group of architects, which acquires the name of the Council of American Builders. It is not open just to architects but to all who are involved in the building process. The group of eighteen consists of unknowns except for Peter Keating and Gordon Prescott. Keating is unanimously elected chairman, with Prescott chosen as the vice-chairman. Toohey refuses all nominations, preferring to remain an unofficial advisor. Dominique Francon arrives and sits unobtrusively in the back. After the meeting is over, she greets Toohey, who is delighted that she has come. Keating is overjoyed to see her. He can sense that she has newly acquired the experience of being with a man. She explains that it was a lowly quarry worker. She wants Keating to agree that they will not meet each other socially. Keating refuses to do this.
Austen Heller convinces Roark to join him at a party given by Kiki Holcombe. Roark refuses, but when he hears that Dominique will be there, he agrees. At the party, Mrs. Holcombe tries to engage Roark in conversation but is soon repulsed by his arrogance. Toohey meets him and takes him to be introduced to Dominique. Both Dominique and Roark act as if they have never met. Dominique has a sense that Roark is...
(The entire section is 464 words.)
Part 2, Chapters 7-9 Summary
Dominique writes a condemnatory article about the Enright House. Toohey warns her that he can read between the lines that she feels bitterness toward Roark as a person. When Joel Sutton reads it, he visits her and asks her opinion of Roark. The result is that he calls Roark and cancels his commission; he says he is hiring Peter Keating on Dominique's suggestion. Roark's response is a laugh.
Dominique comes to visit Roark. She says she wants to sleep with him even though she intends to destroy him. Roark commands her to take off her clothes, and they make love. Dominique tells him that her feelings have not changed and that she still wants to destroy him. Roark tells her that he would not want her if she did not want to destroy him, and he invites her to spend the night so he can make breakfast for her in the morning.
Ellsworth Toohey arrives at Dominique's home although she has never invited him. He proposes that the two of them join forces in destroying Howard Roark. She agrees, and she continues to sleep with Roark at night. To her, making love with Roark is an act of violence, which she loves. To further destroy Roark, she manages to get several commissions for Peter Keating. Roger Enright comes to her office; he is furious for her attacks on the Enright House. He forces her to go with him to the site to see it in person. She is overwhelmed. Roark also visits the site, and he and Dominique pretend they have only met at a cocktail party. The next day, Dominique writes that she hopes it will be destroyed in some future air raid because it should have a sudden end rather than decay.
Peter Keating is dazzled by Dominique's new attention to him. Their acquaintances believe that Dominique is in love with Keating, but in private she barely speaks to him. In the meantime, the Council of American Builders continues to meet, although it does nothing but speak and listen.
As a child, Ellsworth Toohey was fragile and sickly and, thus, became the center of his mother's world. His father did not care for him but followed his wife's lead with much complaining. As a youth, Toohey developed a fascination with religion and planned on entering the ministry. He acquired several "wounded souls" who looked to him for comfort, which he gave dispassionately. At the age of sixteen he dropped religion and took up socialism. He became known as a humanitarian, and he loved to apply this description to...
(The entire section is 460 words.)
Part 2, Chapters 10-12 Summary
When the Enright House opens, there is little fanfare. Most find it hideous, but Roark nevertheless begins to get commissions. Kent Lansing hires him to design a luxury hotel, The Aquitania. Dominique tells Toohey that she is glad Roark got it, which causes Toohey to question her partnership with him in Roark's destruction. This she denies. Hopton Stoddard is a millionaire who finds solace in religion in the way of a bribe. He wants to build a temple to religion, but Toohey advises him against it. When he rethinks the plan, he tells Stoddard that he will back him as long as he hires Howard Roark to draw the designs. Stoddard is concerned when he learns that Roark is an atheist, but Toohey assures him that Roark believes in God in his own way, as is evident by the buildings he designs. Stoddard approaches Roark with the plan, but Roark is at first reluctant because he does not believe in God. Stoddard is pleased that things are proceeding as Toohey predicted, and he tells Roark that he may design it in any way he wants, as a Temple to the Human Spirit. Given carte blanche, Roark agrees.
The Cosmo-Slotnick Building opens, but Peter Keating is happy about it. Toohey tells him that he should marry Dominique rather than Katie because Katie will not enhance his career. Roark begins the designs for the Aquitania as well as Stoddard's Temple. He decides he wants Steve Mallory to make the sculpture representing the spirit of man. He tries to contact Mallory and with difficulty makes an appointment with him, but Mallory does not show up for the appointment. Roark tracks him down and treats him like a human being; this is something Mallory desperately needs. Mallory agrees to do the sculpture and accepts Roark's suggestion that the model should be Dominique Francon. Dominique accepts, much to the displeasure of the people around her. After the 1929 Stock Market Crash, the work on the Aquitania stops.
The Stoddard Temple is complete, and Hopton Stoddard returns from abroad to see it. He brings a lawsuit against Howard Roark for breach of contract and malpractice. The Stoddard Temple becomes the focus of societal umbrage. It is sacrilegious, a defamation of the religious spirit. Roark refuses to hire counsel and serves as his own defense. At the trial, witness after witness testifies against Roark. The final witness is Dominique Francon, who had agreed to serve as a witness for the prosecution. She agrees that the Stoddard...
(The entire section is 455 words.)
Part 2, Chapters 13-15 Summary
Stoddard wins the lawsuit, and Roark refuses to appeal. Dominique writes an article that quotes most of her testimony from the trial. Her boss refuses to publish it, and Dominique threatens to quit if he does not. Unsure of what to do, her boss wires Gail Wynand in the Caribbean for directions. Wynand wires back, "Fire the bitch." Toohey obtains a copy of the telegram and gives it to Dominique. She confronts her boss with it, packs up her things, and leaves.
Katie talks with her Uncle Ellsworth; she tells him how unhappy she is in her job as a social worker. She is becoming mean, hating the very people she is trying to help. Toohey tells her that she must give up her ego; only when she has shed herself of that will she be truly happy. Keating comes to see her, which he has not done for several months. Katie can see that he has been drinking. He proposes that they get married the next day. Meekly, Katie agrees. When Toohey comes to her room, she tells him that she is no longer afraid of him.
Dominique arrives at Keating's home and announces to him that she will marry him. They drive to Connecticut to the home of a judge and are married in his front room. When they drive back to New York, Dominique drops off Keating at his home; she tells him that she will move her things to his apartment the next day. However, at this moment she has things to do. She drives to Roark's home, where she makes love to him and tells him for the first time that she loves him. She also tells him that she married Peter Keating. Roark says nothing; he restrains himself. Dominique explains that she married Keating the way she had originally told him, as a punishment to herself. She is punishing herself for living in a world where Roark is not appreciated. Thus, her marriage to Keating is her gift to Roark. Roark asks her if she would obey if he ordered her to get her marriage annulled. Dominique says she would, and Roark replies that for that reason he will not. They will continue as they are until her punishment is complete.
Dominique shows up at Keating's home the next morning. Mrs. Keating is elated at first, but Dominique treats her with quite politeness. Mrs. Keating knows that, after she recovers, she will hate her new daughter-in-law. That evening people show up to wish them well. When they are alone, Keating makes love to Dominique for the first time. She is merely present but does not participate. He discovers that she...
(The entire section is 544 words.)
Part 3, Chapters 1-3 Summary
Gail Wynand considers suicide but decides against it because he is indifferent whether he lives or dies. He reflects on his life. He was born in the poorest section of New York, but he worked his way up in the newspaper business. He became the editor of the Gazette, which he renamed the Banner. Once he sought help from a respected journalist in trying to save an honest man from being framed, but the journalist was refused. He thus gave up on men of integrity. He ran two articles seeking help for two people: one was a scientist on the verge of a great invention, and the other was the pregnant girlfriend of a convict. The contributions to the pregnant girlfriend vastly outnumbered those to the scientist. This pointed out the direction that Wynand would take his newspaper. Wynand focused on and reported the lowest common denominator, appealing to the prurient interests of the public. He invested money and expanded his interests until he controlled a large section of the media in the country.
Ellsworth Toohey wants Wynand to hire Peter Keating as an architect for Wynand's Stonebridge housing project. Wynand will not listen to him, so Toohey wants him to talk to Dominique Keating; this Wynand refuses. Toohey tells him he has sent him a gift that will convince him. When Wynand opens it, he discovers the statue of Dominique Francon from the Stoddard Temple. Wynand agrees to talk to Dominique.
After two years of marriage, Keating realizes that Dominique has no interest in their marriage, though she agrees to whatever he wishes. His mother has moved out because she was unable to deal with the soulless atmosphere. Ellsworth Toohey calls, wishing to come over. He tells them that Gail Wynand has agreed to talk with Dominique about the Stonebridge project for Keating. Keating understands the implications of this meeting: Wynand has a reputation for bedding beautiful but difficult women, which Dominique certainly is. Dominique agrees to the meeting, though she asks Toohey what he gains from her sleeping with Wynand. Toohey reveals that he hopes to destroy the Keating marriage because it has not turned out the way he wanted.
Dominique meets with Wynand and surprises him with the revelation that she is Dominique Francon, whom he fired. She offers to sleep with him if he will give the Stonebridge contract to Keating. Wynand understands that she is punishing herself; he sees her as a portrait of suffering....
(The entire section is 487 words.)
Part 3, Chapters 4-6 Summary
Wynand and Dominique depart on their cruise aboard Wynand's ship, the I Do. Wynand gave his ship this name in response to the many times in his life when people told him he did not run things. Dominique realizes that this is a question Wynand never answered for other people, but he readily gave the answer to her. On the deck, Wynand tells Dominique that he loves her and wants to marry her. He will take care of her divorce from Keating and marry her when she gets a divorce in Reno. Dominique remembers Wynand's role in the Stoddard Temple as well as other things in the Banner that played a part in her attempt to destroy Roark. She agrees to marry him.
When he returns from the cruise, Wynand goes to see Peter Keating. When Keating sees that Wynand has returned early, his first fear is that he will not get the Stonebridge contract. Wynand assures him that the contract is his. He hands him the contract as well as a check for $250,000—payment for Dominique. At first Keating refuses, but eventually he accepts the inevitable. After Dominique leaves for Reno, Keating realizes he actually loves her. He goes to Toohey and gives him a check for $10,000 to give to some charity. He tells Toohey that Dominique is marrying Wynand. Toohey is in shock; he realizes how dangerous both of them together will be to him.
Dominique takes the train to Reno but stops in Clayton, Ohio, where Roark is working on a construction job. Although it is night, she finds him walking down the street. She tells him that she is not staying but is on her way to Reno. When she tells him that she is marrying Wynand, Roark remembers how much Henry Cameron despised Wynand. Dominique wants to stay with Roark, but he refuses. Dominique grieves because life has lowered Roark to building inexpensive homes. She gets back on the train and continues her journey to Reno.
The Council of American Writers, the group founded by Toohey for young "talent," has become the literati of the country. Ike, one of the members, reads a truly awful play of his, but the other members pronounce it sure to be a hit. Toohey writes an article in support of modern architecture, in which he praises the pioneer work of Henry Cameron. Guy Francon announces his retirement. Keating chooses Neil Dumont as his new partner but completely forgets about the announcement celebration and is out in the country at the time. Thus Stonebridge, for which Keating gave up...
(The entire section is 444 words.)
Part 3, Chapters 7-9 Summary
Wynand meets Dominique at the train station when she returns to New York. He tells her that he is taking her to the judge so they can be married immediately. She objects, stating that she wants to have an elaborate wedding in a hotel with a large guest list, as is fitting for one such as Gail Wynand. Wynand reluctantly agrees, and they are married the following week, with Dominique wearing a long black wedding dress. Alvah Scarret, Dominique's former boss at The Banner, asks her why The Banner was blocked from reporting the wedding. Dominique is surprised and learns that this was Wynand's request. Later, at their penthouse, Dominique thanks him. She finds herself attracted to Wynand not as a man but as a source of power.
The Banner is flooded with letters condemning Wynand for marrying a divorcée because he had been such a public proponent of conservative values. Wynand laughs them off as well as the attacks from the other newspapers. Ellsworth learns that Mitchell Layton, a suspected Communist sympathizer, has been hired. He worries that this will drag the paper down even further.
For two weeks, Wynand and Dominique do not leave their apartment. When Wynand returns to work, Dominique stays at home. She realizes that Wynand prefers her to be secluded. He does not allow The Banner to print any news about her. One of the star reporters sneaks into Dominique's presence and interviews her. When the final article is submitted to Wynand for approval, he fires the reporter even though she has a large reading public. After a few months, Dominique forces Wynand to resume a social life.
Wynand attends a publishers' convention. At his return, Dominique takes him to see a play called No Skin Off Your Nose, which had been praised by every reporter at The Banner. The audience pretends to think it is wonderful, but Wynand can see that it is meaningless and ridiculous. Dominique admits that she wanted to force Wynand to see the world he created. Instead, Wynand judges the people who enjoy the trash he saw. He does not take any responsibility as the one who gave it to them. Dominique apologizes; she sees that she is unable to hurt him but can only hurt herself. On their summer cruise, Wynand tells her that he loves her.
Wynand and Dominique look out at the skyscrapers of New York, which they see as indicative of the greatness of man. Wynand says that he...
(The entire section is 492 words.)
Part 4, Chapters 1-3 Summary
A young man bicycles along a country road, wondering if life is really worth living. He comes to a valley in which homes have been built into the nature of the environment. He sees Howard Roark sitting there. Roark explains that this is Monadnock Valley, a community of vacation homes for people of limited means. The young man is so overtaken that he feels he has been given hope for a lifetime.
The developers of Monadnock Valley had awarded the contract to Roark, but Caleb Bradley, the chairman, always seems to be dealing with a small child when he talks to Roark. Bradley expresses little interest in promoting the community, but all the homes are leased within a month of the opening. Monadnock Valley (and Roark) becomes famous despite Bradley's indifference. It is discovered that Bradley and the committee of developers had defrauded the investors; they had not expected the place to be a success. They chose Roark as the most likely to design a place that no one would want. When Bradley was proved wrong, he was forced to pay the investors and was imprisoned for fraud. Roark is awarded several contracts. He has earned a grudging acceptance in the building establishment. He is chosen as one of eight architects to design a world's fair, but he refuses to work on a team. His place is given to Peter Keating instead. When Roark enters his new office in the Cord Building, his secretary tells him that he has an appointment with Gail Wynand.
Wynand asks Roark to build him a private home in the country. It is designed to be a fortress, a treasury that will shield Dominique from the attentions of the world. Wynand knows little of Roark and nothing of his relationship to his wife. Roark accepts the commission and promises that it will be done by the middle of summer. After he leaves, Wynand reads every Banner article about Roark. Scarret informs Toohey about Wynand's meeting with Roark. He says that Wynand has changed since his marriage and is alienating most of the people in the office. Toohey tells Scarret that, if it comes to a showdown between them and Wynand, they have no reason to be afraid of Wynand any longer.
Roark and Wynand view the site of Wynand's home. Wynand wonders why Roark does not hate him for what The Banner printed about him, but Roark does not. They talk of their similar childhood experiences. When Roark finishes the designs, he takes them to Wynand's office. Wynand accepts...
(The entire section is 525 words.)
Part 4, Chapters 4-6 Summary
Wynand shows Dominique the designs for their country home. She can tell immediately that Howard Roark has made them. Wynand tells her that Roark will be coming for dinner. When Roark arrives, Dominique numbly acts as if she has never met him. Roark is excessively polite to her. Dominique catches herself referring to Wynand in the past tense. When Wynand and Roark look of the designs, she is amazed that they act as if she will ever live in the house.
Wynand drops in on Roark a few days later. They discuss the similarities in their modes of thinking, and again Wynand reveals his innermost thoughts to Roark as though they were best friends. When Wynand returns to his office, he orders Scarret never to refer to Roark in The Banner from that point on.
As his relationship with Roark progresses, Wynand finds that the type of news reported in The Banner repulses him. He finds a means of cleansing in his frequent visits with Roark. They go out to visit the site where Wynand's home is being built. Wynand suddenly is aware of the passage of time in his life. He thinks that if he had to stand before God and give an accounting of his life, he would proudly say that he looked for no justification outside of himself. He asks Roark if his feelings for a building are greater than being in love, and Roark says they are.
Dominique resents the time Roark spends alone with Wynand. Although she always plays the perfect hostess, she withdraws after dinner so the two men may talk alone in the study. She realizes that Roark is not punishing her, but it is a type of discipline for both of them. Wynand wonders that Dominique dislikes Roark, though she has said nothing. She asks Wynand if Roark has become a shrine for him. Wynand replies that Roark is like a hair shirt, a means of bringing suffering on himself.
Ellsworth Toohey attends a gathering at the home of Mitchell Layton. The talk centers on the idea that freedom is overrated but that pattern, rhythm, and beauty are what really matter. Mitchell's wife, Eve, expresses the idea that there is no such thing as an individual. All that exists is the collective and how one fulfills one's part in it. Gail Wynand is seen as the figure of oppression in the capitalistic system. The Banner is spiraling downward in readership as well as in support from its employees. When he leaves, Toohey feels exhilarated. He stands in the darkened streets, throws...
(The entire section is 450 words.)
Part 4, Chapters 7-9 Summary
Peter Keating is thirty-nine years old, gaining weight, and spiraling downward. The Keating architectural firm has shrunk considerably since Guy Francon's retirement; the offices are now confined to only one floor. He is deemed "old-fashioned" and is known as the lead designer of the flop "March of the Centuries." He visits Ellsworth Toohey in hopes of gaining an inside track to becoming designer of a new housing project, Cortland Homes. Toohey has distanced himself from Keating; he prefers to write about August Webb as the pre-eminent designer of the age. When Keating begs for his aid, Toohey tells him that he has no official role in the selection of the designer of Cortland Homes, but he will speak up for him if Keating can come up with some decent designs. He warns him that Cortland Homes must be affordable and easy to maintain: they need a "millionaire's kitchen for a sharecropper's income." Keating gratefully accepts and goes back to his office. When he receives the specifications from Toohey, he realizes that this project is more than he can adequately accomplish. He calls to make an appointment with Howard Roark; he hopes Roark will refuse to see him, but he does not. An appointment is scheduled for the following day.
Roark and Keating discuss the plans for the Cortland housing project. Roark is frustrated that, because it is a government project and under strict controls, people who make fifteen dollars a week will have nicer homes than will those who make forty dollars a week. This is rewarding the incompetent at the expense of the competent. Roark accepts the deal—but not for any sense of humanitarianism nor from kindness in doing Keating a favor. He agrees to draw the designs simply for the love of designing. He will not accept any money from Keating, only Keating's promise that the project will be constructed strictly according to his plans. Roark is pleased when he sees that the joy of designing is the greatest reward. Keating shows Roark some of his paintings. Roark tells him that it is too late. For the first time in his life, Roark feels pity for another human being as Keating leaves his office, crushed at the lost opportunities of his life.
Roark designs the Cortland Homes in such an economical way that the rent for each unit will go for ten dollars a month. When Ellsworth Toohey sees the designs, he says Keating is a genius. Wynand sees the designs in the paper and argues with Roark....
(The entire section is 513 words.)
Part 4, Chapters 10-12 Summary
Peter Keating walks home in the rain one March afternoon. He notices someone looking in a shop window and realizes it is Katie Halsey. He greets her with trepidation, but she is warm and friendly. She suggests that they go somewhere to get some tea. She notices that he looks unhealthy and has gained weight, so she changes his food order to something more nutritional, stating that Americans never know how to have a balanced diet. She has lived in Washington for two years, working as a social worker. Keating wants to talk about the past and to express his shame and regret, but Katie believes in letting the past go. He tells her that he truly loved her at the time. He did not do what he really wanted; he says that doing what one wants is the hardest thing there is. From her reaction, Keating can see that Katie has questioned whether she ever truly loved him. She tells him to stop being so selfish. She leaves, and Keating has a sense of emptiness.
Wynand convinces Roark to go with him on an extended cruise on his yacht, leaving Dominique at home. He enjoys Roark's company and opens up to him about his own thoughts in a way that he does with no one else. Nevertheless, as he watches Roark swimming in the middle of the ocean, he thinks of his own power and considers that he could order the boat to leave Roark stranded.
Wynand and Roark discuss what selflessness really means—this concept that caused Roark's life to take its course when he was expelled from Stanton. They talk of a selfless life as being based in other people, leading to second-hand lives. Neither one wants to be "second-handers," and so both are content with their selfishness. Peter Keating, however, has lost all of his friends through his selflessness. The only thing that can overcome that second-hand life is an independent spirit. Silently, Roark thinks that the worst second-hander of all is the man who goes after power.
Roark returns from the cruise and reads that Gordon Prescott and Gus Webb have been named associate designers on the Cortlandt homes, and they have changed his plans. He is furious. Keating apologizes, telling him that he was overridden although he fought it every step of the way. Roark does not blame him. He warns Keating that what he has to do will hurt, but it will hurt Roark more. Roark goes to Wynand's home and tells Dominique that he wants her to drive past the Cortlandt homes, pretend to run out of gas, and ask the...
(The entire section is 516 words.)
Part 4, Chapters 13-15 Summary
Dominique barely survives that first night. She is in the hospital for several days before she is finally allowed to go home. Wynand tells her that she went too far, that she should have known what glass can do. He knows she cut herself and had a part in Roark's destruction of the Cortlandt housing project. He had personally paid the bail for Roark. He approves of the destruction but is concerned about his and Dominique's part in it. He teases Dominique, calling Roark her lover. She knows then that he has not guessed her true relationship with Roark. Roark comes to see Dominique. He tells her that, should he be convicted, she must stay with Wynand. However, if he is acquitted, she must come finally to be with him. Dominique understands the true friendship that Roark feels for Wynand. She regrets how hurt Wynand will be if Roark is acquitted.
Wynand begins to write editorials in support of Roark. His staff is outraged, and The Banner begins to spiral downward. Soon it is sold only under the counter. In the eyes of the public, Roark is worse than a murderer. He has destroyed attempts to lift the poor out of poverty. Some see the similarity between the Cortlandt housing project and Roark's buildings; they assume Roark felt resentful of Keating for borrowing his ideas. As Wynand's staff further resists his efforts to defend Roark, Wynand can see the influence that Toohey has had, driving a wedge between Roark and his journalists.
Ellsworth Toohey goes to Peter Keating's home, where Keating is hiding out from the newspapers. Toohey laughs at him for this and points out that Keating used to seek out the newspapers. Toohey badgers Keating, pressuring him to admit that Roark was the one who designed the Cortlandt homes. Keating insists that he designed them himself. Finally he gives Toohey the contract that he and Roark signed. Keating cowers on the floor as Toohey forces him to see Toohey as he really is. He explains that he is concerned only with power, that he believes true selflessness is nonexistent. He wants Roark in jail so that every minute of his day he will be forced to submit to someone else's power. Keating realizes that he is tied to Toohey. Toohey recognizes this, too.
Wynand returns from an unsuccessful meeting to keep a major advertiser to find that Toohey has written an article condemning Roark. Wynand immediately fires Toohey and all those involved in getting the article into...
(The entire section is 553 words.)
Part 4, Chapters 16-18 Summary
The board of directors demands that Wynand relent and rehire those he fired. Mitchell Layton, who has more invested in The Banner than anyone but Wynand himself, warns that he will take over the paper and run it the way it should be run. Wynand will not hear Toohey's name, but in the end he relents in order to save the paper. Scarret will take over. Wynand agrees to write a front-page article in which he states that he was too lenient with Roark and that, if found guilty, Roark must pay the price of his crime. Wynand walks the streets of the city, equating himself with the refuse crushed into the pavement. He remembers holding the gun to his head so long ago. He feels that he might as well have pulled the trigger then. He finds himself in Hell's Kitchen, where he was born, and he feels that he was never allowed to leave. He reads his article in the paper in which he betrays Roark. He inwardly releases all those who have been against him, though he, himself, made them.
The news of Wynand's reversal makes The Banner popular once again. Roark comes to see Wynand, but Wynand's secretary informs him that Wynand will never see him again. Roark writes a letter to Wynand stating that he would apologize if such a thing were necessary between them. If Wynand can't forgive himself, Roark will forgive him in his place. Wynand returns the letter unopened.
Dominique drives across three states to Roark's home in Monadnock. Roark tells her that they should wait until Wynand heals, but Dominique does not believe he will ever heal. He denied the chance to heal when he wrote his article. Dominique spends the night and feels completely happy at last. In the morning, she dresses in Roark's pajamas and calls the police, reporting that a sapphire ring was stolen. The police arrive, along with a couple of reporters, and a report is taken although it is obvious that there was no theft. Dominique views the scandal as a means to unite her and Roark in the eyes of the world. That afternoon, the story of Dominique and Roark's affair is all over the newspapers. Scarret shows it to Wynand, who is not surprised. He gives Scarret permission to reprint the story. Scarret plans to blame all of Wynand's troubles with Roark on Dominique. She will be portrayed as having forced Wynand to support Roark all along.
The first witness in Roark's trial is Peter Keating, who states that he did not design the Cortlandt...
(The entire section is 603 words.)
Part 4, Chapters 19-20 Summary
Roger Enright buys the site of the Cortlandt housing project and clears it. He hires Roark to build his own project, which will be economical but open to anyone, regardless of their income. Wynand is granted his divorce; Dominique is publicly branded as an adulteress.
Ellsworth Toohey sues Wynand to get his job back and wins. Wynand calls Toohey and tells him to show up for work by 9:00 at night. Toohey arrives at ten minutes until nine, though only he and Wynand are in the office. He sits at his desk, and Wynand watches him. Toohey is not sure how to start, but he likes being back with the sound of the presses in the background. At nine o'clock, that sound stops and Wynand informs him that The Banner has ended and he is out of a job. Wynand eventually finds work at The Courier. He asks about the boss, Mr. Talbot, but the only response he receives is a voice from the loudspeaker that states, "Time marches on."
Roark is summoned to Wynand's almost-deserted office building. Wynand, keeping his emotional distance, hands Roark a contract to build the Wynand Building, the tallest skyscraper in New York. Wynand tells him that it will be the last skyscraper built because the world's attention is now turned to housing projects, which is the last step to building caves. Roark is to build it according to whatever design he wishes. Wynand will not need to sign off on his approval of them. He tells Roark that it will no longer be built, as he had originally intended, as a symbol of Wynand's life. Now it will be a monument to the spirit that guides Roark, the spirit that could have been Wynand's.
Eighteen months later, Dominique arrives at the building site of the Wynand Building in Hell's Kitchen. As she looks at the skeletal structure of the partially completed building, she thinks that the heart of the earth may be made of fire, but at times it breaks through the clay, the iron, and the granite, and shoots out to freedom. She observes the sign naming all the companies involved in different aspects of the project. She sees the sign with Roark's name on it. Henry Cameron's voice echoes across the years, signifying the victory that he had foreseen in Roark if he should be able to continue his fight to remain an individual amidst the collective. She walks to the superintendent's shed and asks for Roark; she introduces herself as Mrs. Roark. As she is lifted up to the top of the...
(The entire section is 467 words.)
The Fountainhead Summary: Homework Help
Source: eNotes Publishing, ©2013 eNotes.com, Inc.. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: Novels for Students, ©2013 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.
Source: Masterplots, Fourth Edition, ©2010 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.
Source: Magill's Survey of American Literature, Revised Edition, ©2006 Salem Press, Inc.. All Rights Reserved.


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Second Circuit holds Taft-Hartley funds are inherently conflicted, potentially affects outcome and scope of future benefit claims litigation
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On June 24, 2010, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held, in Durakovic v. Building Service 32 BJ Pension Fund, 2010 WL 2519645 (2d Cir. 2010), that Taft-Hartley funds (administered by boards of trustees consisting of an equal number of union and employer representatives) are inherently conflicted when making benefit determinations, and that this conflict needs to be considered by federal district courts when reviewing plan determinations under an arbitrary and capricious standard of review
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In Golden Gate Restaurant Assoc. v. City and County of San Francisco, No. 08-1515 (U.S.), the U.S. Solicitor General requested that the Supreme Court deny certiorari in light of the recent enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA


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