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Government Raises Cost Estimates of TARP to $47.7B
Former TARP Inspector General Neil Barofsky on the government's rising estimates of the cost of TARP.
Aug 15, 2012
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Former TARP Inspector General Neil Barofsky on the government's rising estimates of the cost of TARP.
Aug 15, 2012
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Another day another jump in the taxpayer bills get this treasury now says the TARP program has cost us more than expected.
The latest numbers show that our -- has climbed almost 48 billion dollars that is almost four to have billion dollars more than the last time -- give us an update.
So what gives why can't the government is numbers straight to -- inside scoop I'd like bringing overall steep former special inspector general for TARP and author of the new book.
Thanks for joining us thanks for having me so what's the deal with the numbers what are they.
To comment.
Well apart is even -- number that you said is actually not the TARP bill.
It's actually -- the actual TARP projected cost -- fifteen billion dollars more than that.
What they do is they watered down by taking some other bailout money that had that existed for AIG before TARP was even enacted in any throat -- that number to try to bring down the number make it look better than it is.
But the reason why changes is that as the they -- progressed.
If we moved out a lot of the government's interest out of preferred shares of stocks and loans into common stock so now as the stock of GM RA IG goes up or down -- so -- -- projected losses so it's really a function of taking those riskier positions that are going to be driven by market forces in GM.
You know hasn't been doing so well lately and -- -- for the number goes up.
You know now we have the benefit of hindsight -- we can sit on the sidelines and say whether or not any of this made sense in retrospect.
What mistakes do you think were made with TARP what would you have done differently.
We -- overwhelmingly -- -- that says to talk about the book is that TARP was supposed to do a lot more than just rescue the banks and preserve a broken status quo.
It was supposed to treasury promised congress required them to do a lot more like.
Helping to -- restore lending and bringing back the overall economy a helping struggling homeowners by preserving homeownership all of these were specific goals of -- And decision after decision was made to -- in those goals and instead.
Just to keep helping the big bank in Austria maybe that's because it's hard for the government to do all those things I mean you talk about helping out struggled over struggling homeowners.
With this money but that's a function of what the market should -- When I being looked.
You know this this bill is passed the idea that there would be government subsidies to help fix that market and treasury you know announced the present announcer gonna help up to four million homeowners.
And we're gonna spend fifty billion dollars to do that.
Here we are years later.
I would just 20% of that -- met and they've always -- -- spent less than four billion dollars.
So I mean this was but -- dad and house warm money and bad policy -- but -- spending more money really have helped or -- these problems that the government can't fix that's what I'm getting.
I'll with a well designed program -- would be money that would be well spent in the did the returns in the economy.
Would -- when -- got what could we have done for homeowners that would have been better I mean this there's a real cost to this including.
You know continuing plummeting housing prices unemployment I mean you people lost -- In dollars wiped out -- that how could the government injecting money prop up the housing market in the -- -- -- like prices got too high.
So they had to bottom around the system had a cracked -- -- -- and that the government.
Tries to artificially stock that declined it just makes it go down slower.
Well that's what actually what did happen.
A more effective program where you do this principle on the loans.
-- so that people are not as underwater so they're able to sell their homes are able to tap their homes for equity to fund small businesses.
You know there there's a whole bunch of really good economic things that follow from -- principal reduction program.
And it was just never adopted -- -- a lot of benefits macro -- the economy and that's part of the problem.
Everything that was done really got the banks -- -- -- larger could not larger economy I'm sure that use our reasoning is speaking of the banks the larger economy use our recently that the head of the FH at pace said that there is no proof that reducing principal.
Helps the problem and in fact he didn't want to do it you know want Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to go -- and do that.
After it was shut down the throats of banks so there's a situation where banks were forced to do something and the government itself doesn't want to do because they say there's no economic -- that would help the housing market well this is one regulator -- -- the economic experts the -- now the analysts.
You know Republican conservative liberal -- its principal reduction.
As being one of the things that helped suppress the economic recovery.
And the government had an opportunity so but but more -- -- that it's what they promise to do so we're still a democracy and when congress passed the TARP bill.
They required in treasury promised they would use the money to help homeowners.
And they broke that promise -- because a good idea or bad idea in a democracy when you give.
The Treasury Department.
Axis -- 700 billion dollars of taxpayer money based on a promise to do something and they don't do something.
That's a failure and I think we're seeing that failure and in where economy is today so that's what we should have done differently have we set ourselves up for our.
This -- happen again in the future where do you think the biggest danger is when you're looking back at financial crisis where is the biggest danger ahead.
All of these things that we did with about as we preserve the too big to fail banks that otherwise would have been headed toward towards collapse.
-- then Lehman.
And -- Lehman and then we actually made them bigger through government policy through funding is in part through -- and through through other government policies and other sweetheart deals.
Other big banks -- 125%.
Bigger than -- -- before the crisis do you think they should have been allowed to fail.
I think that -- -- we needed to rescue them to a certain -- prevent a bigger destruction of the economy of the potential Armageddon that they're warning about.
But then we need to do something to fix the system -- I think we need to break them up.
They are too big to fail and all those bad incentives that were there before leading to the the financial crisis.
Are still in place and if we leave them there those incentives are gonna drive us to accumulate more risk.
And we're still a position where anyone of these banks were to -- they could bring the entire economy down with them so we're still in -- and poses a bailout nation so really we're no better off we didn't break them up.
And that's what we should have.
And some ways we're worse off because they're bigger more dangerous -- their political power stronger than ever.
And if we don't do something about this we are on the path to another financial -- retrospect maybe letting them fail would've been the right decision because.
You know they -- that they wouldn't be around the other ones would've learned a lesson from.
-- but the problem was that there was a real good chance that not just one would fail.
That all of them would come down with them I remember Hank Paulson -- that he thought Morgan Stanley was days away -- Ben Bernanke told me that Goldman Sachs would have gone after that and then it was possible that all of the big banks would have failed.
People would be able to get cash rather ATMs unemployment shoots up to 2.5 percent.
On it would have been -- very very rough road according to these experts.
And you know when I got down to Washington that panic was real they may have been wrong.
But I think that -- expressions appear were were honest you know there's a lot for us to disagree that we should do this again seeing your book it's fantastic.
And I get a lot of purchasing -- about the treasury you really -- and attacks and there's a good luck and thank you so much coming on we appreciate it thanks trap me.
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On Jerry Murray's Passing |
We at UP Media are, of course, very sad and distressed to hear the news of of our former colleague Jerry Murray's passing. Jerry worked for UPMG and its predecessors for more than 20 years. I came late to that party, but I worked with Jerry for five years and think of him every day. As a matter of fact, just before I received the news that he had died, at age 82, I was making plans for coming to San Diego for the IPC Apex show, and I was thinking about where to meet him. I think of Jerry almost every day, and I am so sorry that he's gone. He was one of a kind, in the best of ways. Who else had a life like his? He lived in the hottest places on earth and the coldest places on earth. He wrote and wrote and wrote some more: technical, pulp fiction, you name it. He married the love of his life, Suzie, one of the kindest persons I've ever had the pleasure of meeting. He was funny and warm and cranky and quirky, sometimes all at once. He knew so much about so many things and was always happy to share it. He had a great life. I'm glad I came along in time to share a little piece of it. I will be sad, and will cry and mourn my friend. But today I'm just glad he got to live the life most of us dream of. RIP, my friend.
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KIRKSVILLE, MO. -- KTVO received an email from a viewer who said they had been told to remove some items from their loved-one's grave stone at Forest-Llewellyn Cemetery.
Kirksville City Manager Mari Macomber said the cemetery has always had rules, just not always the ability to enforce them.
Macomber said plaques, statues and other items are ok to have at the gravesite as long as they are on the headstone.
She said it was becoming a problem when people were placing items past the headstone.
"Bottom line for the cemetery is we want to pay respect and show the community that we feel Forest-Llewellyn Cemetery is as important a public facility as any other," Macomber said. "And, our ability to maintain that really lies within our rules and regulations that we have at the cemetery. And, the rules that are in place are really no different than any other cemetery."
Macomber said a major reason for enforcing these rules is upkeep. She said they have to be able to mow, and with gravesites that have different items around the marker and beyond, it is hard to maintain that.
She said the council will be talking to a "Friends of Forest-Llewellyn Committee" about maybe implementing a policy where someone could memorialize their loved one in some fashion with a bench and a plaque.
Macomber said the rules are online, and the city clerk also has rules and regulations, and she provides that information when the individuals buys the cemetery plots.
To find a link to the ordinance click HERE.


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Gigabyte Launches Three New Factory Overclocked Kepler GPUs
Subject: Graphics Cards | October 4, 2012 - 04:42 PM | Tim Verry
Tagged: nvidia, kepler, gtx 680, gtx 670, gtx 660 Ti, gigabyte, factory overclocked
Gigabyte is launching three new factory overclocked graphics cards featuring a Kepler GPU, custom PCB, and custom cooler. The factory overclocks are notable, but will cost you. Specifically, the company is producing versions of the GTX 660 Ti, GTX 670, and GTX 680.
The Gigabyte GV-N680OC-4GD takes the GTX 680 GPU, places it on a custom PCB, and pairs it with 4GB of GDDR5 memory. It features two 6-pin PCI-E power connectors, and Gigabyte's Windforce X3 450W custom cooler using a triangular fin design that allegedly increases cooling potential. While the GDDR5 memory clockspeeds have not been increased over the reference clocks, the GPU core and boost clockspeeds have been pushed to 1071 MHz and 1137 MHz respectively. The following chart shows the differences in clockspeed and memory over the reference design.
Reference GTX 680 | Gigabyte N680OC-4GD | |
GPU Core | 1006 MHz | 1071 MHz |
GPU Boost | 1058 MHz | 1137 MHz |
GDDR5 Amount | 2 GB | 4 GB |
GDDR5 Speed | 6 Gbps | 6 Gbps |
Price | $500 | $800 (rumored) |
The GTX 680 is not the only card to get a custom makeover by Gigabyte, however. The GV-N670OC-4GD is a custom GTX 670. With this card, Gigabyte has set the base clockspeed at 980 MHz – the boost clockspeed of reference cards – and the boost clockspeed at 1058 MHz. Gigabyte has also doubled down on the GDDR5 memory by packing 4GB onto the custom PCB. The memory clockspeed remains the same 6 Gbps as reference cards, however.
This card uses the same Windforce X3 cooler as the cust GTX 680, and as a result has a triple slot design that looks identical to the N680OC-4GD. If you look just above the PCI-E connector though, you can see tell them apart by the product name.
Reference GTX 670 | Gigabyte N670OC-4GD | |
GPU Core | 915 MHz | 980 MHz |
GPU Boost | 980 MHz | 1058 MHz |
GDDR5 Amount | 2 GB | 4 GB |
GDDR5 Speed | 6 Gbps | 6 Gbps |
Price | $400 | $550 (rumored) |
Finally, we have the GV-N66TOC-3GD which overclocks the GTX 660 Ti GPU to the max. Factory clockspeeds are set at 1032 MHz base and 1111 MHz boost. Memory also sees a small bump from 2GB reference to 3GB. On the other hand, the memory is not overclocked and remains at the reference 6 Gbps clockspeed. This card also has a triple fan Windforce cooler, however this version is not the triple slot design found on the GTX 670 and GTX 680s SKUs – only dual slot.
Reference GTX 660 Ti | Gigabyte N66TOC-3GD | |
GPU Core | 915 MHz | 1032 MHz |
GPU Boost | 980 MHz | 1111 MHz |
GDDR5 Amount | 2 GB | 3 GB |
GDDR5 Speed | 6 Gbps | 6 Gbps |
Price | $300 | $415 (rumored) |
All three of the Gigabyte GPUs feature two DVI, one full-size HDMI, and one full-size DisplayPort connector for video outputs.
All three factory overclocked graphics cards feature respectable GPU overclocks, and it appears that Gigabyte has provided ample cooling for each GPU. The triple slot, triple fan version on the N670OC-4GD and N680OC-4GD in particular seem to offer headroom above even what Gigabyte has clocked these out of the box. Curiously though, Gigabyte is continuing the trend of not touching the memory clockspeed of Kepler cards. It may be that the RAM chips are already at their max on the reference design, or there could be some behind the scenes talk with NVIDIA not waning Add In Board partners to touch the memory Unfortunately, all I have at this point is speculation, but it is a rather curious omission on such high end cards. That point becomes clearer when price is taken into consideration. Videocardz claims to have the pricing information for the three video cards, and the custom cards are going to cost you a large premium over reference cards. The rumored prices can be found in the charts above compared against the reference pricing, but the basic run down is that the GV-N66TOC-3GD will cost $415, the GV-N670OC-4GD will cost $550, and the GV-N680OC-4GD will cost (an astounding) $800.
I'm hoping that the rumored prices are in error and will be adjusted once the cards are available. These are neat cards that look to have plenty of cooling, but I'm still trying to figure out just what these cards have to offer to justify the huge jump over reference pricing. And, no, the superfluous gold plated HDMI connectors do not count. [For example, the 4GB Galaxy GTX 670 we recently reviewed was only $70 over reference while the Gigabyte card is rumored to be $150!]
The Gigabyte N66TOC-3GD factory overclocked GPU.
You can find links to the Gigabyte product pages in the charts above. If you have not already, please check out our GTX 660 Ti, GTX 670, and GTX 680 graphics card reviews for the full scoop on the various Kepler iterations. And if you are considering the Gigabyte N680OC-4GD, you should probably check out the dual GPU GTX 690 review as well (heh).
AMD Catalyst 12.9 Beta is Now Available
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 26, 2012 - 01:57 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: amd, catalyst, catalyst 12.9, beta, driver
You can grab the latest Catalyst Beta driver today, the 12.9 beta driver and Catalyst Application Profiles for CrossFire today. For the beta driver you must pick your card and OS version as normal, from there scroll below the current WHQL 12.8 driver and you will see the beta. Why would you want to grab the driver? It could make your Panda bears perform better and for those on laptops, the introduction of AMD Enduro Technology will allow you to set separate power profiles for every installed application, determining if it uses hybrid graphics or only the APU.
Feature Highlights of AMD Catalyst 12.9 Beta: AMD Catalyst Mobility support for AMD Enduro Technology
AMD Catalyst Mobility now includes support for AMD Enduro Technology.
AMD Enduro Technology for Notebooks delivers:
- Unbeatable battery life
- GPU accelerated performance for gaming, video, and compute apps
- A Seamless and automatic experience
New Enduro Technology features found in Catalyst 12.9 Beta:
- Re-designed Catalyst Control Center user interface
- View all profiled applications
- View recently run applications
- Profile applications based on power source
- Expert mode control and customization
- Performance centric AC
- Battery centric DC
Performance highlights of AMD Catalyst 12.9 Beta (versus AMD Catalyst 12.8)
- Up to 10% in Lost Planet 2 in single GPU configurations
AMD's latest Catalyst Application Profile: AMD Catalyst 12.9 CAP1 (to be used with AMD Catalyst 12.9 Beta)
Find the latest available AMD Catalyst CAP here : http://sites.amd.com/us/game/downloads/Pages/crossfirex-app-profiles.aspx
- World of Warcraft - Mist of Pandaria (DX11, DX9): Fixes texture flickering observed when enabling high graphics settings with CrossFire enabled
- World of Warcraft - Mist of Pandaria (DX9): Resolve corruption when enabling Anti-Aliasing through the Catalyst Control Center
- World of Warcraft - (DX9): Resolves performance issues observed with the 64-bit variant of the client
- Tribes Ascend: Improves CrossFire performance
- F1 2012: Improves CrossFire performance, resolves texture flickering in reflections
Resolved issue highlights of the AMD Catalyst 12.9 Beta driver
- Tri and Quad CrossFire + Eyefinity configurations – Users will no longer see lower than expected performance in certain DirectX 10 and DirectX 11 applications
- FireFox – corruption is no longer observed on CrossFire configurations
- Enabling Overdrive settings no longer increases clocks in all power states
- AMD Video Converter support is available in AMD Catalyst 12.9 Beta Windows 7 and Windows Vista packages
Feature Highlights of AMD Catalyst 12.9 Beta Linux Driver: New OS Support
This release of AMD Catalyst Linux introduces support for the following new operating systems
- Ubuntu 12.10 early look support
- RHEL 6.3 production support
AMD Radeon HD 7870 GHz Edition Revisited
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 25, 2012 - 02:59 PM | Ryan Shrout
Tagged: radeon, amd, video, pitcairn, hd 7870 ghz edition, hd 7870
There have been quite a few new graphics card releases this year and with the now crowded GPU market, we have gotten many requests to revisit some of the earlier launches to see how they stack up in the latest GPU landscape. One such card is AMD's Radeon HD 7870 GHz Edition, which has seen some dramatic improvements since its initial release in March.
AMD's entire lineup of graphics cards based on the Southern Islands architecture were released between the months of January and March of this year, with only a few updates during the summer to combat new releases from NVIDIA. Though they don't get as much review time anymore, the Tahiti, Pitcairn and Cape Verde GPUs still have a lot to offer gamers and the Radeon HD 7870 GHz Edition is a perfect example of that.
Thanks to recent price cuts, the Sapphire Radeon HD 7870 GHz Edition and all other Pitcairn GPUs can be found for much less than when they were launched. With a starting price of $350 in March, some base HD 7870s can be found online for $250 and sometimes less with rebates today making it a great deal for gamers on a budget.
You can check out all of our graphics card reviews right here to see how the market currently stands but there are really very few bad choices anymore.
Factory Overclocked MSI GTX 660 HAWK Pictured
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 22, 2012 - 04:01 AM | Tim Verry
Tagged: nvidia, MSI GTX660 HAWK, msi, gtx 660
This week has certainly had its share of leaked graphics card news, and the latest information on that market indicates that MSI is working on a enthusiast-level HAWK version of the GTX 660 GPU. That card will take the GK106 Kepler chip to the max with the fastest factory overclocks yet.
Last week Nvidia debuted its GTX 660 graphics card, which is currently the lowest-end GPU to use the Kepler GK106 chip. Once the NDA broke, the review of the card went live, and the performance of the reference designs was analyzed.
GK106 features 5 SMX units in 2.5 Graphics Processing Clusters (GPC), which Nvidia has said is the most that the chip will ever have. The GTX 660 version has 960 CUDA cores, 80 texture units, 24 ROPs, and a 192-bit memory bus.
While GK106 will likely not see a version with three complete GPCs, the mid-range Kepler chip still has a bit of performance headroom that can be unleased with overclocking, and several OEMs are preparing factory overclocked GTX 660 graphics cards with custom coolers.
The latest custom GTX 660 to be leaked is the MSI GTX 660 HAWK edition with out-of-the-box overclocked settings, beefed up power management hardware, and a TwinFrozr IV cooler.
MSI has gone with a custom PCB and cooler to keep the GK106 fed with power and running cool. The PCB has been fitted with a 10-phase VRM, SSC chokes, and IR DirectFETs to provide the power needed to run at overclocked settings. Of course, MSI has included its GPU Reactor hardware – a feature exclusive to its HAWK branded cards that differentiates them from the lower tier lightning and power edition cards. The GPU Reactor is a set of tantalum capacitors that are said to deliver more stable voltage to the Kepler chip.
The graphics card continues to be powered by two 6-pin PCI-E power connectors. MSI has also added a dual BIOS feature to the HAWK card that will run the GPU at GTX 660 reference speeds (980/1033MHz) or at the overclocked profile, depending on physical BIOS switch position.
Clockspeeds are where the MSI GTX 660 HAWK really gets interesting, however. The base clockspeed of 1100MHz is more than most GTX 660 cards run at /boost/ speeds, and the 1176MHz boost speed is the fastest boost speed we've seen yet. In an interesting twist, MSI has not touched the clockspeed for the 2GB of GDDR5 memory. Instead, it has left the graphics card clocked at 6008MHz memory (the reference speed). It may be that the memory chips simply cannot overclock much beyond the reference clockspeeds as there are no other factory overclocked GTX 660s that I know of that push the memory clocks beyond reference.
Of course, the other big selling point of this MSI card is the custom cooler – one that Josh seems to like thanks to the addition of "supa pipes!" The Twin Frozr IV is a dual fan cooled aluminum fin array that is connected to the block over the GPU by five heat-pipes. There does not appear to be much information on the HSF beyond that, unfortunately. Judging by past iterations, it should be more than capable of running at the factory overclocked speeds, however.
Display outputs will include two DVI, one DisplayPort, and one HDMI. Pricing and availability are still unknown, but expect it to command a small premium over the standard GTX 660's $229 price tag.
EXPreview was the source of the photos, however the webpage seems to be down at the moment. Fortunately, WCCF Tech manged to grab them before the original page was lost, and you can see more photos of the MSI GTX 660 HAWK (SKU: N660GTX HAWK) on that page.
A comparison chart of the various GTX 600 series cards.
Note: GTX 650 is GK107, GTX 660 is GK106, GTX 660Ti and above is GK104.
Read more about Nvidia's Kepler graphics card architecture at PC Perspective!
Details Leak on AMD's Sea Islands HD 8900 Series Graphics Cards
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 21, 2012 - 02:55 PM | Tim Verry
Tagged: tenerife, Sea Islands, radeon, GCN, amd, 8970
(Updated to add additional information on the 8900 series rumors – mainly on Radeon 8950.)
Earlier this week, we reported on rumors of two upcoming mid-range AMD 8800 series graphics cards based on the Sea Islands architecture. As mentioned previously, Sea Islands is the successor to the Southern Islands architecture used on the 7000 series. It features an improved Graphics Core Next GPU processor architecture based on TSMC's 28nm process. With that said, the chip will draw less power and be faster on GPGPU workloads thanks to several efficiency tweaks. Graphics cards based on Sea Islands will support DirectX 11, and will be available early next year.
While the 8850 and 8870 are based on the Oland GPU, this newly leaked Radeon HD 8970 will use the "Sea Islands" Tenerife GPU. New information seems to suggest that AMD will actually brand it the Venus XTX for 8970 cards and Venus XT/Pro for 8950 cards, though Oland would remain the chip name for 8800 series cards.
Tenerife offers up some impressive (but realistic) specifications, including 2,560 shaders, 160 texture units, 48 ROPs, and a relatively massive 384-bit memory bus. Also impressive is an alleged transistor count of 5.1 billion, which puts it a great deal above the Radeon 7970's 4.31 billion transistors. This rumored Tenerife/Venus XTX GPU (whichever AMD ends up calling it) will have a 250W TDP and will be use in the 8970 flagship graphics card. Venus XT/Pro will scale back the chip a bit by featuring 2,304 shaders, 144 texture units, and 32 ROPs. No word yet on what the TDP will be.
Both the HD 8970 and HD 8950 are said to support 3GB of GDDR5 memory running at 6GHz on a 384-bit bus, which works out such that the cards have approximately 322 GB/s of bandwidth! Further, the 16 additional ROP units in the Radeon HD 8970 will give it a nice performance boost over the 8950 and 8800 series, especially when running multiple monitors in Eyefinity configurations.
As far as specifications go, we do not yet know the die size of the GPU or what the GPU base (and boost) clockspeeds are beyond a source indicating the boost frequency of the 8970 will be above 1050 MHz. According to PC Perspective's GPU packrat reviewer Josh Walrath, the Tenerife GPU will have a much larger die than that of Oland. Because it will feature a sizeable increase in number of transistors, but still be based on a 28nm process, the die size will be somewhere between 380mm^2 and 420mm^2.
To put that in perspective, the 8850/8870 has a die size of 270mm^2, and the current generation predecessor (7950/7970) has a die size of only 365mm^2.
The following chart compares the various rumored Radeon 8000-series graphics cards to their previous generation counterparts.
Radeon HD 7850 | Radeon HD 8850 | Radeon HD 7870 | Radeon HD 8870 | Radeon 7950 | Radeon 8950 | Radeon HD 7970 | Radeon HD 8970 | |
Die Size | 212mm^2 | 270mm^2 | 212mm^2 | 270mm^2 | 365mm^2 | ~400mm^2 | 365mm^2 | ~ 400mm^2 |
Shader Count | 1024 | 1536 | 1280 | 1792 | 1792 | 2304 | 2048 | 2560 |
TMUs | 64 | 96 | 80 | 112 | 112 | 144 | 128 | 160 |
ROPs | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 48 |
Memory Interface | 256-bit | 256-bit | 256-bit | 256-bit | 384-bit | 384-bit | 384-bit | 384-bit |
Bandwidth | 153.6 GB/s | 192 GB/s | 153.6 GB/s | 192 GB/s | 240 GB/s | 322 GB/s | 288 GB/s | 322 GB/s |
*Tenerife die size is estimate only, actual die size is still unknown.
The AMD Radeon HD 8970 will be AMD's next generation single-GPU flagship graphics card, and it looks to offer up some respectable hardware. The Radeon HD 8950 should be a decent step up in performance versus the 7950, though it would have been nice to see the 8970's additional ROP units stick around in the 8950. Unfortunately we do not know what this Tenerife (aka Venus) GPU-based graphics card will be priced at. For now, we will just have to be cautiously optimistic and wait a few months to see how much this card will cost. The wait should not be very long either, if rumors are true as they seem to indicate that the 8970 will enter manufacturing in late 2012 and launched in early (January/February) 2013.
Are you excited for AMD's next-generation flagship?
Fastest isn't necessarily best when it comes to GTX 660s
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 20, 2012 - 04:35 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: overclock, gtx 660, DirectCU II, asus
As promised [H]ard|OCP has spent some time overclocking the ASUS GTX 660 DirectCU II card and have come back with their results. The highest GPU clock they managed was a reported 1170MHz Boost clock in GPU Tweak but which was 1215MHz in actual in-game performance. While that was the high speed record it did not provide the best performance as the frequency often dipped much lower because of the heat produced, [H]'s sweet spot was actually a 1100MHz Boost clock, in-game a much more steady 1152MHz though it did still dip occasionally. They also upped the memory, but again because of the heat produced by the overclock they could not raise voltage without negative consequences. Check the whole review here.
"We put our new ASUS GeForce GTX 660 through the ringer of overclocking and make real world gaming comparisons. If you are thinking the new GTX 660 (GK106) GPU will be a good overclocker like its bigger brother GK104, you may be in for a surprise that puts the new GTX 660 in a new light."
Here are some more Graphics Card articles from around the web:
- ASUS GeForce GTX 660 Ti DirectCU II TOP @ [H]ard|OCP
- GeForce 9800 GT vs GeForce 660 GTX @ Guru of 3D
- Zotac GTX680 AMP Edition @ Bjorn3D
- EVGA GeForce GTX 660 SuperClocked Video Card Review @ Hardware Secrets
- Zotac GeForce GTX 660 with GK106 GPU @ @ X-bit Labs
- NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660 2GB Review @ Techgage
- Sparkle GTX650 OC Dragon Series @ Kitguru
- GeForce GTX 650 MSI Power edition @ Guru3D
- KFA GeForce GTX 650 EX OC 1 GB @ techPowerUp
- EVGA GeForce GTX 660 SC @ Guru of 3D
- MSI GeForce GTX 650 Power Edition OC 1 GB @ techPowerUp
- NVIDIA Chips Comparison Table @ Hardware Secrets
- NVIDIA FXAA Anti-Aliasing Performance @ Phoronix
- Seven Nvidia GeForce GTX 680 round-up: Super cards @ Hardware.info
- Desktop Graphics Card Comparison Guide @ TechARP
- Arctic Accelero Twin Turbo 6990 VGA Cooler Review @ eTeknix
- Sapphire Radeon HD 7750 1GB Low Profile Review @ Neoseeker
- ARCTIC Accelero Hybrid 7970 @ Hardwareoverclock
- PowerColor Devil 13 HD 7990 Review @ OCC
- Sapphire Radeon HD 7770 Flex Edition Review @ Hi Tech Legion
- XFX Radeon HD 7770 Black Edition Overclocked 1GB Graphics Card Review @ eTeknix
- Sapphire HD7770 GHZ FleX Edition @ Kitguru
- Sapphire Radeon Flex HD 7770 GHz Edition Video Card @ Pro-Clockers
- Sapphire Radeon HD 7950 3GB Vapor-X Review @ OCC
- HD 7990 Review; PowerColor's Devil 13 @ Hardware Canucks
- MSI HD7850 Power Edition Video Card @ Bjorn3D
AMD Sea Islands HD 8850 and 8870 Specifications Leaked
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 18, 2012 - 06:34 PM | Tim Verry
Tagged: Sea Islands, oland, hd8870, hd8850, gpu, amd radeon, amd
AMD beat NVIDIA to the punch with its 7000-series "Southern Islands" graphics cards, and if the rumors hold true the company may well accomplish the same feat with its next generation architecture. Codenamed Sea Islands, the architecture of AMD's 8800-series is set to (allegedly) debut around January 2013 time frame. Featuring DirectX 11, GPGPU and power efficiency improvements, 3.4 billion transistors on a 28nm process, and a rumored sub-$300 price, will the 8850 and 8870 win over enthusiasts?
AMD launched its Southern Island graphics cards with the Graphics Core Next (GCN) architecture and Pitcairn GPU in March of this year. Since then NVIDIA has moved into the market with the 660 and 660Ti, and budget gamers have lots of options. However, yet another budget gaming GPU from AMD will be coming in just a few months if certain sources' leaks prove correct. The 8850 and 8870 graphics cards are rumored to launch in January 2013 for under $300 and offer up some significant performance and efficiency improvements. Both the 8850 and 8870 GPUs are based on the Oland variant of AMD's Sea Islands architecture. As a point of reference, AMD's 7850 and 7870 are using the Pitcairn version of AMD's Southern Islands architecture – thus Sea Islands is the overarching architecture and Oland is an actual chip based on it.
Sea Islands is essentially an improved and tweaked Graphics Core Next design. It will continue to utilize TSMC's 28 nm process, but will require less power than the 7000-series while being much faster. While the specifications for the top-end 8900-series is still up in the air, Videocardz is claiming sources in the know have supplied the following numbers for the mid-range 8850 and 8870 Oland cards.
Videocardz put together a table comparing AMD's current and future GPU series.
The GPU die size has reportedly increased to 270mm^2 (squared) versus the 7850/7870's 212mm^2 die. This increase is the result of AMD packing an additional 600 million transistors for a total of 3.4 billion. 3D Center further breaks the GPU down in stating that the 8870 will feature 1792 shader units, 112 texture manipulation units (TMU), 32 ROPs, and support a 256-bit memory interface. The 8850 graphics card will scale the Oland GPU down a bit further by featuring only 1536 shader units and 96 TMUs, but keeping the 32 ROPs and 256-bit interface.
For comparison, here's a handy table comparing the 8850/8870 to the current-generation 7850/7870 (which we recently reviewed).
Radeon HD 7850 | Radeon HD 8850 | Radeon HD 7870 | Radeon HD 8870 | |
Die Size | 212mm^2 | 270mm^2 | 212mm^2 | 270mm^2 |
Shader Count | 1024 | 1536 | 1280 | 1792 |
TMUs | 64 | 96 | 80 | 112 |
ROPs | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 |
Memory Interface | 256-bit | 256-bit | 256-bit | 256-bit |
Bandwidth | 153.6 GB/s | 192 GB/s | 153.6 GB/s | 192 GB/s |
So while the memory bus and number of ROP units is staying the same, you are getting more shaders and texture units along with a boost to the overall memory bandwidth with the larger die size – sounds like an okay compromise to me!
AMD has managed to increase the clock speeds and GPGPU performance with Oland/Sea Islands as well. On the clockspeed front, the 8850 has a base boost GPU clockspeed of 925 MHz and 975 MHz respectively. Further, the 8870 has base/boost clocks of 1050 MHz/1100 MHz. That is a nice improvement over the 7850's 860 MHz clockspeed, and 7870's 1000 MHz clockspeed. AMD is also adding its PowerTune with Boost functionality to the Oland-based graphics cards which is a welcome addition. The theoretical computational power of the graphics chips has been increased as well, by as much as 75% for single precision and 60% for double precision (7870 to 8870). The single precision performance has been increased to 2.99 TFLOPS on the 8850 (1.76 TFLOPS on the 7850), and 3.94 TFLOPS on the 8870 (7870 has 2.25 TFLOPS). The single precision numbers are relevant to gaming and general applications that consumers would run that are GPU accelerated. The figures are not really suited/representative of high performance computing (HPC) workloads where precision is important (think simulations and high-end mathematics), and that is where the double precision numbers come in. The 8800 series gets a nice boost in potential performance as well, topping out at 187.2 GFLOPS for the 8850 and 246 GFLOPS for the 8870. That is in comparison the 7850's 110 GFLOPS and 7870's 160 GFLOPS.
The sources also disclosed that while the 8850 would have the same TDP (thermal design power) rating as the 7850, the higher-end 8870 would actually see a decreased 160W TDP versus the previous generation's 175W. Unfortunately, there were not any specific power draw numbers talked about, just that the cards were more power efficient, so it remains to be seen just how much (if at all) less power the GPUs will need. The sources put the 8870 at the same performance level as the NVIDIA GeForce GTX 680, which would mean that this will be an amazing mid-range card if true. Especially considering that the cards have a rumored price of $279 for the 8870 and $199 for the 8850. Granted, those prices are likely much lower than what we will actually see if AMD does indeed launch the cards in January as the company will not have competition from NVIDIA's 700 series right away.
In some respects, the rumored specifications seem almost too good to be true, but I'm going to remain hopeful and am looking forward to not only seeing the mid-range Oland GPU coming out, but the unveiling of AMD's top-end 8900 series (which should be amazing, based on the 8800-series rumors).
What do you think of the rumored 8850 and 8870 graphics cards from AMD? Will they be enough to temp even NVIDIA fans?
Live Borderlands 2 Launch Event with PC Perspective and NVIDIA!!
Subject: Editorial, Graphics Cards | September 17, 2012 - 02:23 PM | Ryan Shrout
Tagged: pcper, nvidia, live, giveaway, contest, borderlands 2
I hope your day is going to be free tomorrow - we have some big stuff planned! In cooperation with NVIDIA, Gearbox and PC Perspective, we'll be hosting a multi-hour live streaming launch party for Borderlands 2! We'll be going over some of the unique PC-exclusive features, showing off gameplay in the crazy co-op mode and we'll have some giveaways for viewers as well including a pair of Zotac GeForce GTX 660 Ti cards!
Tomorrow, Sept 18th, from 4pm ET until at least 8pm ET, staff from PC Perspective and NVIDIA will be using our PC Perspective Live! channel to discuss and show off the new "shoot and loot" title from Gearbox.
Come join us to see Borderlands 2 in action, hang out with PC Perspective and NVIDIA reps and enter for a chance to win one of two Zotac GeForce GTX 660 Ti cards!
Be sure to set your calendars and join us for the Borderlands 2 launch live streaming celebration!!
- PC Perspective Live! channel - pcper.com/live
- Start time: 4pm ET / 1pm PT
Lucid Dynamix adjusts mobile gaming quality in real-time
Subject: Graphics Cards, Mobile | September 13, 2012 - 06:42 PM | Ryan Shrout
Tagged: lucid, dynamix, ultrabook
Lucid has a history of fast product development as a software company. It wasn't too long ago that Lucidlogix was a fabless semiconductor company that made chips for motherboards to enabled multi-GPU solutions across card models and GPU vendors. Since then we have seen them move to GPU virtualization tasks like enabling discrete and integrated GPUs to work seamlessly without user interaction on the same notebook.
The Lucid MVP software is the most recent version of that track and it has been very well received, find its way onto most motherboard brands and recently the Origin gaming notebook line.
While huddling in San Francisco during IDF, we stopped by Lucid's suite to see what new stuff they were cooking up. One of the products was called Dynamix and it has the goal of adjusting the image quality of games in real time to help users hit minimal gaming experience levels. Lucid isn't adjusting the settings on your games but rather is intercepting calls from the game to the graphics solution (integrated or discrete) and altering them slightly to adjust performance.
Above you'll see the beta user interface for Dynamix that allows the user to configure it and assign which titles it should operate on. Two sliders, one for a frame rate and one for a somewhat subjective "quality" level can be moved in order to alter the algorithms Lucid has set in the place.
When you set the minimum frame rate, that is the "threshold" with which you would like to make sure all of your games run at. The default was 30 FPS when I played with it and left the quality slider where it started as well. If you start a game that does NOT run at 30 FPS with the settings you have (or maybe it won't with any settings) Lucid's software will attempt to change some quality and rendering settings completely transparently to bring the frame rate up.
In our demo we saw Crysis 2 running on a Dell Ultrabook at 1366x768 and a reported frame rate of 9 from FRAPS. Obviously a game at that frame rate is pretty much unplayable, so when you enable the Dynamix software via a hotkey it attempts to bring up the frame rate; not by adjusting settings in the game engine but rather by changing DX calls to the GPU itself.
Examples given were that Dynamix might change the color depth requested by the game, or it might lower the texture resolutions and anti-aliasing passes. It gradually degrades image quality until it is close to reaching your desired minimum frame rate. When I enabled it on Crysis 2, my frame rate went from 9 to 28 or so - a sizeable difference that made the game mostly playable.
It's not magic though - there are degradations in quality that are visible.
Here you can see a close up of the game running without Dynamix at work. The quality is good but the frame rate was again at 9 FPS or so.
This image shows the game after enabling Dynamix, with a frame rate of 28 or so. You can definitely see blurrier textures, less sharpness around the gun and the foliage quality has gone done some as well.
So why is this even interesting? There are several reasons. First there are some games that may not have quality settings low enough to run on an Ultrabook with HD 2500 graphics; kind of like Crysis 2. Lucid is able to change things that the developer might not have thought of (or might not have wanted) with its access to the graphics pipeline.
Secondly, as the name implies, the software is dynamic. If you already running a game OVER your minimum threshold then the software will not change anything. But if you are running in an indoor area at 40 FPS and then drop to 20 FPS when you go outdoors, the software will kick in and attempt to adjust quality to get you back up to the 30 FPS mark.
Finally, the UI remains untouched - the informational points that were part of the game's interface were untouched so you don't have to worry about blury text or anything like that. Lucid's capability to know about the back end of the 3D engines allows them to tweak things like this pretty easily.
Lucid says the goal is to make games that would otherwise be unplayable on a system, playable for consumers. Without a doubt the target is Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge notebooks and the somewhat limited performance of the HD 2500 graphics system. While this could also be applied to discrete graphics system from AMD and NVIDIA, I don't see that being necessary.
Currently the software works with DX9 and DX10 games though they are still working to get DX11 covered completely. And while the software worked find our demo, we only tried out one game on one notebook - there is still a lot of proving that Lucid needs to do for us to buy in completely. If Lucid's bragging was anything to judge by though you should see Dynamix in quite a few major notebook brands later this year.
What do YOU think? Is this a technology you are interested in and do you see a place for it?
AMD's Radeon HD 7000 Series Graphics Cards Reportedly Receiving Price Cuts Soon (Update: AMD denies further price cuts)
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 13, 2012 - 05:25 PM | Tim Verry
Tagged: Radeon HD 7000, price cuts, pitcairn, HD7000, gpu, amd
Update: AMD has stated that there will not be any price cuts.
NVIDIA launched two budget Kepler-based graphics cards today, and the sub-$250 GPUs are competitively priced. The GTX 650 is a card with an MSRP of $109 and is matched against the Radeon 7750 (which retails for around $110 depending on manufacturer). Further, the $229 GTX 660 is pitted against the Radeon 7850 – an approximately $220 card (some manufacturers beat that price, others are priced higher).
The AMD Radeon HD 7850 Graphics Card from our review.
And while you can find these AMD graphics cards for slightly less than the NVIDIA competition, the green team GPU is a faster card in most games (especially at 1080p). In an attempt to sway gamers towards the AMD choice, the company is preparing to cut prices on the entire 7000-series line – including the 7750 and 7850. These are cuts on the, erm, arleady-cut prices announced last month.
The Price cuts are as follows:
AMD Radeon HD GPU | New Slashed Prices |
7970 GHz Edition | $430 |
7970 | $410 |
7950 Boost Edition | $300 |
7950 | $290 |
7870 | $240 |
7850 | $200 |
7770 | $110 |
7750 | $95 |
These prices are almost certainly for reference designs, and you can naturally expect to pay for any factory overclocked model. What these price cuts mean, though is that the base versions are now cheaper to get ahold of, which is a good thing (for gamers, not so much for AMD heh).
When specifically talking about the price cuts as a response to budget Kepler cards, both the 7750 and 7850 can be had for anywhere between $5 and $20 cheaper in general. That's is ~$20 extra dollars that you could devote to more RAM or put you over the edge into getting a better quality PSU. It definitely makes the decision to go AMD or NVIDIA a bit more difficult (but in an exciting/good way).
This is not the first time that AMD has slashed prices on its 7000 series graphics cards and now that it has competition on all fronts, it will be interesting to see how all the prices finally shake out to be. Interestingly, Softpedia seems to have posted the price cut information on Tuesday (two days before Kepler) but states that the cuts will not go into effect until next week – though Newegg seems to have taken some initiative of its own by pricing certain cards at the new prices already. This may have technically been more of a pre-emptive move than a reactionary one, but either way the budget gaming section of the market just got exciting again!
Do the impending price cuts have you reconsidering your budget GPU choice, or are you set on the new Kepler hardware?
ASUS Launches the GeForce GTX 660 DirectCU II Lineup
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 13, 2012 - 05:09 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: nvidia, msi, kepler, gtx 660, gk106, geforce, evga, factory overclocked
As those of you who have already read the post below this one know, ASUS decided to create a DirectCU II model for their GTX 660, with the famous heatpipe bearing heatsink. They have overclocked the GPU already and the card comes with tools to allow you to push it even further if you take the time to get to know your card and what it can manage. Check the full press release below.
Fremont, CA (September 13, 2012) - ASUS is excited to release the ASUS GeForce GTX 660 DirectCU II series featuring the Standard, OC and TOP editions. Utilizing the latest 28nm NVIDIA Kepler graphics architecture, the OC and TOP cards deliver a factory-overclock while all three cards feature ASUS exclusive DirectCU thermal design and GPU Tweak tuning software to deliver a quieter, cooler, faster, and more immersive gameplay experience. The ASUS GeForce GTX 660 DirectCU II series set a new benchmark for exceptional performance and power efficiency in a highly affordable graphics card. The ASUS GeForce GTX 660 DirectCU II is perfect for gamers looking to upgrade from last-generation graphics technology while retaining ASUS' class-leading cooling and acoustic performance.
Superior Design and Software for the Best Gaming Experience ASUS equips the GeForce GTX 660 DirectCU II series with 2GB of GDDR5 memory clocked up to 6108MHz. The TOP edition features a blistering GPU core boost clock of 1137MHz, 104MHz faster than reference designs while the OC edition arrives with a factory-set GPU core boost speed of 1085MHz. Exclusive ASUS DIGI+ VRM digital power delivery and user-friendly GPU Tweak tuning software allows all cards to easily overclock beyond factory-set speeds offering enhanced performance in your favorite game or compute intensive application.
The ASUS GeForce GTX 660 DirectCU II series feature exclusive DirectCU technology. The custom designed cooler uses direct contact copper heatpipes for faster heat transduction and up to 20% lower normal operating temperatures than reference designs. The optimized fans are able operate at lower speeds providing a much quieter gaming or computing environment. For enhanced stability, energy efficiency, and overclocking margins the cards feature DIGI+ VRM digital power deliver plus a class-leading six-phase Super Alloy Power design for the capacitors, chokes, and MOSFETs meant to extend product lifespan and durability while operating noise-free even under heavy workloads.
ASUS once again includes the award winning GPU Tweak tuning suite in the box. Overclocking-inclined enthusiasts or gamers can boost clock speeds, set power targets, and configure fan operating parameters and policies; all this and more is accessible in the user-friendly interface. GPU Tweak offers built-in safe guards to ensure all modifications are safe, maintaining optimal stability and card reliability.
New Kepler on the Block, meet the vanilla GTX 660
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 13, 2012 - 04:49 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: nvidia, msi, kepler, gtx 660, gk106, geforce, evga
The non-Ti version of the GTX 660 has arrived on test benches and retailers, with even the heavily overclocked cards being available at $230, like EVGA's Superclocked model or MSI's OC'd card once you count the MIR. That price places it right in between the HD 7850 and 7870, and ~$70 less than the GTX 660 Ti, while the performance is mostly comparable to a stock HD7870 though the OC versions can top the GTX660.
[H]ard|OCP received ASUS' version of the card, a DirectCU II based version with the distinctive heatpipes. ASUS overclocked the card to a 1072MHz base clock and 1137MHz GPU Boost and [H] plans to see just how much further the frequencies can be pushed at a later date. Their final word on this card for those looking to upgrade, for those of you with "a GTX 560 Ti, and even the GTX 570, the GTX 660 is an upgrade".
"NVIDIA is launching the new GeForce GTX 660 GPU, codenamed GK106. We have a retail ASUS GeForce GTX 660 DirectCU II custom video card fully evaluated against a plethora of competition at this price point. This brand new GPU aims for a price point just under the GTX 660 Ti but still promises to deliver exceptional 1080p gaming with AA."
Here are some more Graphics Card articles from around the web:
- Nvidia's GeForce GTX 660 @ The Tech Report
- ASUS GTX 660 Direct CU II TOP Review @ OCC
- NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660 Launch Review @ Neoseeker
- EVGA GeForce GTX 660 SC (SuperClocked) 2GB @ Bjorn3D
- Nvidia GeForce GTX 660 @ Hardware.info
- NVIDIA Geforce GTX 660 Reviews @Hi Tech Legion
- The NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660 Review: GK106 Fills Out The Kepler Family @ AnandTech
- SI GEFORCE GTX 660 Twin Frozr 2GB OC @ Tweaktown
- Gigabyte GeForce GTX 660 @ Legion Hardware
- Gigabyte GTX 660 Overclock 2GB Graphics Card Review @ eTeknix
- EVGA GeForce GTX 660 2GB SuperClocked @ Benchmark Reviews
- MSI GTX 660 OC Edition Twin Frozr @ Kitguru
- Nvidia GeForce GTX 660 @ Techspot
- Gigabyte GTX 660 OC Video Card Review @ Ninjalane
- MSI GTX 660 Twin Frozr 2GB OC @ LanOC Reviews
- NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660 Overclocked Graphics Card Review (EVGA/ZOTAC)@ HardwareHeaven
- EVGA GTX 660 Superclocked 2Gb @ LanOC Reviews
- NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660 Review @ Hardware Canucks
- ASUS, KFA2 and MSI GeForce GTX 660 reviews with 2-way SLI @ Guru of 3D
- MSI GeForce GTX 660 Twin Frozr 2 GB @ techPowerUp
- ZOTAC GeForce GTX 660 2 GB @ techPowerUp
- Gigabyte GTX 660 Windforce OC 2 GB @ techPowerUp
- ASUS GeForce GTX 660 Direct Cu II 2 GB @ techPowerUp
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660 Video Card Review w/ MSI and EVGA @ Legit Reviews
- Six GeForce GTX 660 Ti graphics cards: ASUS, EVGA, Gigabyte, MSI and Zotac @ Hardware.info
- Gigabyte GTX 660 Ti OC Windforce @ Kitguru
- AFOX Radeon HD 7850 (Single Slot), MSI R7870 Hawk Graphics Cards @ iXBT Labs
- Inno3D GTX 680 iChill Black Series Accelero Hybrid 4GB Overclocked @ Tweaktown
- MSI Geforce GTX 670 Power Edition @ Rbmods
- i3DSpeed, August 2012 @ iXBT Labs
- Arctic Accelero Xtreme 7970 VGA Cooler Review @ eTeknix
- Sapphire Radeon HD 7970 Vapor-X OC 6GB Graphics Card Review @ eTeknix
- Sapphire FleX HD 7770 GHz Edition @ LanOC Reviews
NVIDIA Launches GTX 650 for Budget Gamers
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 13, 2012 - 09:38 AM | Tim Verry
Tagged: nvidia, kepler, gtx 650, graphics cards, geforce
Ah, Kepler: the (originally intended as) midrange graphics card architecture that took the world by storm and allowed NVIDIA to take it from the dual-GPU GeForce GTX 690 all the way down to budget discrete HTPC cards. So far this year we have seen the company push Kepler to its limits by adding GPU boost and placing it in the GTX 690 and GTX 680. Those cards were great, but commanded a price premium that most gamers could not afford. Enter the GTX 670 and GTX 660 Ti earlier this year and Kepler started to become an attractive option for gamers wanting a high-end single GPU system without breaking the bank. Those cards, at $399 and $299 respectively were a step in the right direction to making the Kepler architecture available to everyone but were still a bit pricey if you were on a tighter budget for your gaming rig (or needed to factor in the Significant Other Approval Process™).
Well, Kepler has now been on the market for about six months, and I'm excited to (finally) announce that NVIDIA is launching its first Kepler-based budget gaming card! The NVIDIA GeForce GTX 650 brings Kepler down to the ever-attractive $109 price point and is even capable of playing new games at 1080p above 30FPS. Not bad for such a cheap card!
With the GTX 650, you are making some sacrifices as far as hardware, but things are not all bad. The card features a mere 384 CUDA cores and 1GB of GDDR5 memory on a 128-bit bus. This is a huge decrease in hardware compared to the GTX 660 Ti's 1344 CUDA cores and 2GB memory on a 192-bit bus – but that card is also $200 more. And while the GTX 650 runs the memory at 5Gbps, NVIDIA was not shy about pumping up the GPU core clockspeed. No boost functionality was mentioned but the base clockspeed is a respectable 1058 MHz. Even better, the card only requires a single 6-pin PCI-E power connector and has a TDP of 64W (less than half of its higher-end GeForce brethren).
Specs Comparison
The following chart compares the specifications between the new Geforce GTX 650 through the GTX 670 graphics card.
Click on the above chart for a larger image.
Gaming Potential?
The really important question is how well it handles games, and NVIDIA showed off several slides with claimed performance numbers. Taking these numbers with a grain of salt as they are coming from the same company that built the hardware, the GTX 650 looks like a capable GPU for the price. The company compared it to both its GTS 450 (Fermi) and AMD's 7750 graphics card. Naturally, it was shown in a good light in both comparisons, but nothing egregious.
NVIDIA is claiming an 8X performance increase versus the old 9500 GT, and an approximate 20% speed increase versus the GTS 450. And improvements to the hardware itself has allowed NVIDIA to improve performance while requiring less power; the company claims the GTX 650 uses up to half the power of its Fermi predecessor.
The comparison between the GTX 650 and AMD Radeon HD 7750 is harder to gauge, though the 7750 is priced competitively around the GTX 650's $109 MSRP so it will be interesting to see how that shakes out. NVIDIA is claiming anywhere from 1.08 to 1.34 times the performance of the 7750 in a number of games, shown in the chart below.
If you have been eyeing a 7750, the GTX 650 looks like it might be the better option, assuming reviewers are able to replicate NVIDIA's results.
Keep in mind, these are NVIDIA's numbers and not from our reviews.
Unfortunately, NVIDIA did not benchmark the GTS 450 against the GTX 650 in the games. Rather, they compared it to the 9500 GT to show the upgrade potential for anyone still holding onto the older hardware (pushing the fact that you can run DirectX 11 at 1080p if you upgrade). Still, the results for the 650 are interesting by themselves. In MechWarrior Online, World of Warcraft, and Max Payne 3 the budget GPU managed at least 40 FPS at 1920x1080 resolution in DirectX 11 mode. Nothing groundbreaking, for sure, but fairly respectable for the price. Assuming it can pull at least a min of 30 FPS in other recent games, this will be a good option for DIY builders that want to get started with PC gaming on a budget.
All in all, the NVIDIA GeForce GTX 650 looks to be a decent card and finally rounds out the Kepler architecture. At this price point, NVIDIA can finally give every gamer a Kepler option instead of continuing to rely on older cards to answer AMD at the lower price points. I'm interested to see how AMD answers this, and specifically if gamers will see more price cuts on the AMD side.
If you have not already, I strongly recommend you give our previous Kepler GPU reviews a read through for a look at what NVIDIA's latest architecture is all about.
PC Perspective Kepler-based GTX Graphics Card Reviews:
- GeForce GTX 690: Dual GK104 Kepler Greatness
- GeForce GTX 680: Kepler is ready for retail
- GeForce GTX 670: Kepler for $399
- GeForce GTX 660 Ti: Another GK104 Option for $299
- GeForce GTX 660: GK106 Completes the Circle
Lucid to Let You Plug in to Boost Your Laptop GPU?
Subject: General Tech, Graphics Cards, Mobile | September 12, 2012 - 07:20 PM | Scott Michaud
Tagged: lucid, external graphics
Lucid looks to utilize Thunderbolt and its PCIe-format interface with external video cards. Their ideal future would allow for customers to purchase Ultrabook or other laptop device to bring around town. Upon reaching home the user could sit the laptop on their desk; plug in a high-end video card for performance; and surround their Ultrabook in other monitors.
While there are situations for acceleration hardware to be inside the device that is not necessary.
There have been numerous attempts in the past to provide a dockable graphics accelerator. ASUS, AMD, Vidock, as well as many others have attempted this feat but all had drawbacks and/or difficulty getting to market. Just prior to Intel Developer Forum, Laptop Magazine was given a demonstration from Lucid with their own attempt.
How about some Thunderbolt?
Mobile GPUs are really the only thing keeping a good laptop from being a gaming machine.
There's good need for desktop CPUs with lots of RAM – but these days, not to game.
I have been excited each time a product manufacturer claims to have a non-proprietary method to accelerate laptop graphics. Laptops are appealing for so many purposes and it is frustrating to have devices come so close but fall so short of being a reasonable gaming machine.
The demo that Lucid showed off ran 3DMark 06 on an Intel HD 4000 with an external AMD Radeon HD 6700. On integrated graphics the gaming performance hovered just south of 30 FPS. With the Radeon HD 6700 – as expected – performance greatly increased to almost 90 FPS.
It should be much more compelling for a PC store to say "For somewhere near the price of a console, you could dock your laptop which you already own into this box when you want to game and instantly have all PC gaming and Home Theatre PC benefits."
And it should have happened a long time ago.
Titanium Power from MSI; the shiniest of the GTX 660s?
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 6, 2012 - 07:01 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: msi, gtx 660 Ti, GK104, factory overclocked, Twin Frozr, 660 Ti Power Edition OC
MSI's GTX 660 Ti Power Edition OC will set you back $300, the same price as most other GTX 660 Ti cards, however that is where the similarity stops. This card sports the famous Twin Frozr IV cooling system, Military Class III components, Triple Overvoltage with Afterburner support and is overclocked above the reference design. If you like the sounds of the card so far does knowing that [H]ard|OCP managed to push the card frequencies farther past the factory overclock than the factory overclock was above the reference design?
"MSI is offering a custom cooled and factory overclocked rendition on the recently released NVIDIA GTX 660 Ti. We examine how well MSI's Twin Frozr IV cooling technology allows us to overclock this new generation video card. We will compare it to a Radeon HD 7950, an overclocked Radeon HD 7870, and a GeForce GTX 670."
Here are some more Graphics Card articles from around the web:
- MSI GTX 670 Power Edition OC Review @ Hardware Canucks
- GTX 660 Ti 5-Way Roundup (ASUS, EVGA, Gigabyte, Galaxy, MSI) @ Hardware Canucks
- GALAXY GTX 660 Ti GC OC vs. OC GTX 670 & HD 7950 @ [H]ard|OCP
- NVIDIA GEFORCE GTX 660 2GB @ Tweaktown
- NVIDIA GEFORCE GTX 660 2GB @ Tweaktown
- GIGABYTE GTX 680 Super Overclocked Edition @ [H]ard|OCP
- NVIDIA GeForce GTX 660 Ti at High AA Settings @ [H]ard|OCP
- EVGA GeForce GTX 680 Superclocked Signature 2 @ X-bit Labs
- Matrox DualHead2Go Digital ME and Matrox DualHead2Go Digital SE @ Hardware.info
- Arctic Accelero Hybrid VGA Cooler Review @ Hardware Secrets
- Intel OpenGL Performance: OS X vs. Windows vs. Linux @ Phoronix
- Arctic Accelero Hybrid Graphics Card Cooler @ Bjorn3D
- ntel's HD 4000; Four Months Later @ SemiAccurate
- Desktop Graphics Card Comparison Guide @ TechARP
- AMD's Enduro Switchable Graphics Levels Up @ AnandTech
- Sapphire Radeon HD 7950 3GB Vapor-X OC with Boost @ Tweaktown
- Sapphire HD 7970 Vapor-X GHZ Edition Review @ OCC
- Inno3D GeForce GTX 660 Ti iChill 3GB @ Guru of 3D
- Club 3D HD 7750 Low Profile 1 GB @ techPowerUp
- Sapphire HD7770 Videocard @ Rbmods
- Club 3D Radeon HD 7970 royalAce @ Hardware.Info
- PowerColor Devil 13 HD 7990 Graphics Card Review @ HardwareHeaven
- Powercolor HD 7990 Devil 13 6 GB @ techPowerUp
- apphire Radeon HD 7750 Low Profile Review @ OCC
- HIS Radeon HD 7970 X Turbo edition @ Guru of 3D
- Sapphire HD 7770 GHz FleX Edition Graphics Card Review @ HardwareHeaven
- Sapphire Radeon HD 7750 Low Profile Video Card @ Pro-Clockers
- Sapphire HD 7950 Vapor-X 3 GB @ techPowerUp
PowerColor Launches PCS+ Radeon 7950 Graphics Card With Boost
Subject: Graphics Cards | September 3, 2012 - 07:16 AM | Tim Verry
Tagged: powercolor pcs+, powercolor, gpu boost, amd, 7950 with boost, 7950
Earlier this month AMD announced that it was upgrading the Radeon HD 7950 graphics card to run at higher clockspeeds and with boost capability. The PowerTune with Boost technology uses digital temperature estimation and dynamic voltage control to increase the GPU core clockspeed above the base clockspeed in most applications.
Using a new BIOS, manufacturers would be able to refresh their existing lineups to enable PowerTune with Boost and higher clockspeeds. Original graphics cards along with the refreshed boost-capable GPUs will be sold in parallel (the original 7950s are not being phased out completely yet). And in a somewhat similar situation to unlockable 6950 reference cards, users could attempt to flash the new boost-capable BIOS to their original HD 7950s – though it is not guaranteed to work (and that's where the OEM certification becomes useful).
AMD Add In Board (AIB) partner PowerColor (who recently launched the Devil 13 7990) has released its second Radeon HD 7950 graphics card with boost in the form of its custom – and factory overclocked – PCS+ graphics card. The original PCS+ and new "Boost State" graphics card will be sold simultaneously, and (fortunately) you will be able to tell them apart by the red Boost State sticker on the box and the new "Boost State" labeling tacked onto the product name at online retailers. The new PowerColor PCS+ HD7950 3GB GDDR5 Boost State graphics card steps up the factory overclock to 900 MHz base while keeping the same PCS+ cooler and PCB design. The triple-slot design incorporates a cooler with dual 92mm fans and three 8mm heatpipes connected to an aluminum fin array. The PCB hosts the 7950 GPU, 3GB of GDDR5 RAM clocked at 1250 MHz, 6+2+1 power phase, digital PWM circuitry, and ferrite core chokes. A dual BIOS switch and two 6-pin PCI-E power connectors are also present. Video outputs include two mini-DisplayPorts, one HDMI, and one DVI.
Those specifications remain unchanged, and the new graphics card is essentially a PCS+ HD7950 that has been certified to run with the updated BIOS at the new GPU clockspeeds (and with boost). It may be possible to flash an original PCS+ 7950 with the updated BIOS and get the same performance as the new card but there are, obviously, no guarantees. However, because of the dual BIOS switch the risk of permanent damage is minimal (though the warranty would likely be void).
There is no word on pricing or when exactly you will be able to buy the new "Boost State" cards, but they should start showing up at retailers soon. Expect pricing to be a bit above the original PCS+ GPU's (approx.) $330 retail price.
ASUS Mars III Dual GTX 680 Graphics Card Pictured, Set to Launch Soon
Subject: Graphics Cards | August 28, 2012 - 07:31 PM | Tim Verry
Tagged: triple fan, nvidia, mars 3, gtx 680, dual gpu, custom cooler, asus
If rumors hold true, NVIDIA's GTX 690 will soon be joined by a custom dual GTX 680 card from ASUS. First shown off at Computex, the Mars III combines two GTX 680 graphics chips, 8GB RAM, and a massive triple fan cooler. Expect it to cost quite a bit but offer up some impressive performance numbers.
Update: According to ASUS speaking with TechPowerUp, this card is not going to be released to the public after all. I suppose the Powercolor 7990 Devil 13 will have to suffice!
ASUS has a long history of taking high-end graphics chips to the extreme, even going so far as to put more than one graphics processor on the same PCB. The third iteration of its custom dual GPU "MARS" series graphics cards, the MARS III was first shown off at Computex. At the time, the company indicated that the dual NVIDIA GPU card was not quite ready for final release as the GPU cooling solution and PCB in particular required further tweaking.
Going by the recently leaked photos, ASUS has been hard at work refining the custom design, and it certainly looks ready for prime time. The MARS III takes two Kepler architecture-based GTX 680 GPUs, beefed up power phases, and a total of 32 RAM chips (8 per GPU) for 8GB of total RAM, and places it on a single black PCB. Further, the two GTX 680 GPUs are configured in SLI using a PLX PEX8747 bridge chip. While it does not have more CUDA cores than the NVIDIA reference GTX 690 (which we recently reviewed), it should have a bit more overclocking headroom in addition to the extra 4GB of GDDR5 memory. I would expect that it will cost more than the GTX 690 as a result of its custom design and extra memory, but so far there is no word on what that price might be.
Needless to say, all that hardware is going to require a lot of power. Internally, each GPU will be fed electricity using an 8+2 power phase. Further, the board continues to feature the three 8-pin PCI-E power connectors which allows the dual-GPU graphics card to draw up to 525 Watts of power. While the color of the cooler has been changed from the model seen at Computex to a red and black color scheme, the red overclocking button is still there on the side of the card. It will spin the fans up to 100% to allow you to push the NVIDIA GPUs as far as possible.
Video outputs include three DVI and a single mini-DisplayPort connector for NVIDIA Surround gaming and a fourth accessory monitor.
The dual GTX 680 graphics card at Computex.
Sources speaking with Videocardz have confirmed that the card is nearly ready for retail availability, and is only waiting NVIDIA's go ahead.
Now that the rumored 7990 is on the way (or at least a custom version of the 7990), I would bet that we will be seeing this custom ASUS card sooner rather than later – and that NVIDIA's "okay" to unleash this beastly graphics card should not be difficult to get.
Have you been following the ASUS Mars III? You can find more Mars III coverage and photos by following the Mars III tag. Further, you can see more leaked photos over at Videocardz.
[Now if you'll excuse me, I need to clean the drool off of my desk.]
Just how fast can the GTX 660 Ti go?
Subject: Graphics Cards | August 23, 2012 - 03:10 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: GeForce GTX 660 Ti GC, galaxy, overclock, nvidia, 660ti
The majority of the GTX 660 Ti models run faster than the stock clocks, with some having a Boost Clock approaching 1.1GHz and some sporting memory overclocks as well. This lead [H]ard|OCP to ask two questions; just how fast can the card go and are you better off with faster memory or a faster processor. When they left the GPU as is, they could hit an effective speed of 7.71GHz and when they returned the memory to the base speed they pushed the core to 1.3GHz. Along the way they discovered that the reported clocks might be a bit lower than the actual clocks, which is a nice bonus to owners. Read on to see what happened when they overclocked both components.
"We've evaluated the GALAXY GeForce GTX 660 Ti 3GB video card, now it is time to overclock it to its maximum potential with XtremeTuner Plus and find out how it compares to the GTX 670 and Radeon HD 7950. We will also find out if it is best to concentrate on the GPU clock speed or its 192-bit memory speed to get the best performance gains."
Here are some more Graphics Card articles from around the web:
- NVidia GTX 660Ti SLI Performance and Overclocking @ Ninjalane
- ZOTAC GeForce GTX 660 Ti AMP Edition @ Bjorn3D
- Palit GEFORCE GTX 660 Ti 2GB JetStream Overclocked @ Tweaktown
- NVIDIA SLI: GeForce GTX 660 Ti vs GTX 670 @ Benchmark Reviews
- SUS GeForce GTX 660 Ti DirectCU II TOP @ Bjorn3D
- EVGA GeForce GTX 660 Ti SC @ Guru of 3D
- MSI GTX 660 Ti Power Edition @ Bjorn3D
- EVGA GTX 670 FTW Graphics Card and Z77 FTW Motherboard @ HardwareHeaven
- EVGA GeForce GTX 660 Ti 2GB SC Edition Launch Review @ Neoseeker
- MSI GEFORCE GTX 660 Ti 2GB Power Edition @ Tweaktown
- Radeon HD 7950 with Boost vs GeForce GTX 660 Ti @ Guru3D
- GIGABYTE GeForce GTX 660 Ti Windforce OC @ Bjorn3D
- Fast and Quiet: Inno3D iChill GeForce GTX 670 HerculeZ 3000 @ X-bit Labs
- Kepler for the Masses: Nvidia GeForce GTX 660 Ti from Zotac @ X-bit Labs
- NVIDIA Chips Comparison Table @ Hardware Secrets
- Workstation Graphics Card Comparison Guide @ TechARP
- i3DSpeed, July 2012 @ iXBT Labs
- HIS 7970 X Turbo 3GB IceQ X2 @ Kitguru
- PowerColor HD 7950 3GB Boost State Review @ Hardware Canucks
- Sapphire Radeon HD 7750 1GB Low Profile Review @Hi Tech Legion
- AMD HD7770 & HD7750 Roundup: Sapphire, XFX and HIS @ Kitguru
- Sapphire HD 7970 Toxic 6 GB @ techPowerUp
- PowerColor to Launch Dual GPU HD 7990 Very Soon? @ Hardware Canucks
PowerColor HD 7990 Devil 13 Dual GPU Graphics Card Pictured
Subject: Graphics Cards | August 23, 2012 - 11:17 AM | Tim Verry
Tagged: radeon hd 7990, hd 7990, graphics card, dual gpu, amd
Today, more rumors emerged on the ever elusive dual-GPU AMD graphics card. Reportedly, graphics card vendor PowerColor will be one of the Add In Board (AIB) partners producing the Radeon HD 7990. Previous rumors suggested that the HD 7990 would be comprised of two Radeon HD 7970 GPUs and it would be available in late August 2012. While there is no confirmation on the release date, the PowerColor 7990 "Devil 13" graphics card is using two 7970 GPUs in CrossFire on a single PCB.
Back in July, some details emerged on the 7990 that the PowerColor card rumors do not seem to disprove. Some highlights from the rumor mill so far include:
- The 7990 will use two 7970 Tahiti XT GPUs connected by a PLX chip.
- 6GB of GDDR5 memory (3GB per GPU)
- 4,096 stream processors, 64 ROP units
- (at least) a dual slot design with three fan cooler
- Four mini DisplayPorts and two Dual Link DVI video outputs
- Four 6-pin PCI-E power connectors
The earlier post did also mention that the default clock speed would be 850 MHz, but that does not seem to be the case with the PowerColor model. There may still be Radeon HD 7990 cards that come clocked at that speed, however.
As for the PowerColor model specifically, the new rumors suggest that it will be part of a limited run with a total of 500 cards. Coming in a red and black design, the three slot graphics card will use two 7970 GPUs clocked at 925 MHz in CrossFire. While there is no shot of the other side of the board to see how many PCI-E connectors it has, it will reportedly draw as much as 400 Watts. Using a BIOS switch, you will be able to choose between default and factory overclocked clockspeeds for both the GPU and GDDR5 memory.
Videocardz managed to unearth a photo of the elusive dual GPU AMD card.
When in its default mode, the card will run the GPU at 925 MHz and the memory at 5500 MHz (effective), which is the same as the Radeon HD 7970 single GPU graphics card. After flipping the BIOS switch, the card will use overclocked speeds of 1000 MHz for the GPU and 5500 MHz for the memory (so the GPU is the only part getting overclocked, according to the rumors).
According to Videocardz, the PowerColor 7990 has been refined somewhat compared to a showing at Computex earlier this year. From the photos comparison, it looks as though the company has changed out the red PCI back plate for a standard silver color rather than the custom red version. Also, the three fans are slightly different models. It appears as though the card will provide two DVI outputs as well as a full-size HDMI and two mini DisplayPort outputs. The site claims that AMD will not be releasing any reference version and has given its partners free reign to engineer and design custom versions (perhaps we'll see a massive 12GB version heh).
While there is no word on when this card will be released, according to sources speaking with Hardware Canucks, the Powercolor 7990 "Devil 13" will cost between $899 and $999 in the US. While not the card that many were likely hoping for (because of the price), it may well be the best that users hoping for a dual Graphics Core Next card will be able to get–assuming you can get your hands on one of 500 available cards. NVIDIA has had its own dual GPU GTX 690 on the market for some time now, and it is looking more and more likely that AMD is not going to have an answer any time soon in any big way (outside of limited edition runs from partners that design their own custom versions), and that's unfortunate.
I speculated that users would be better off with two single Radeon 7970s in CrossFire, and I still believe that is likely the best option right now. Especially if you opt for the 7950 with PowerTune boost (which we recently reviewed) or 7970 GHz Edition cards with boost as it is looking like the 7990 will not have that functionality.
What do you think though, are you still holding out for the ever-elusive 7990?
You can find more coverage of the AMD Radeon HD 7990 by following the 7990 tag!
AMD is slashing graphics prices, the war is on!
Subject: Graphics Cards | August 22, 2012 - 06:31 PM | Jeremy Hellstrom
Tagged: radeon, price cuts, amd
While this move could hurt AMD's bottom line, there is only good news for gamers looking to upgrade their system with a new (or another) GPU from AMD. With the release of NVIDIA's GTX 660 Ti at a price close to that of the HD 7870 and performance closer to an HD 7950, AMD has once again cut the pricing of their cards. The price cuts should kick in by the end of the week, so hold off purchasing those cards for another week to benefit from the new pricing and to give NVIDIA a chance to respond as well.
You've gotta love it when graphics hardware pricing starts trending away from the $500 mark!
There are two HD7950 available on NewEgg for $320, though if you include MIR this XFX model is the least expensive while most others are sitting at $330 after MIR. The 7870 GHz editions are starting to move towards the $230 mark which is better than promised and seem to have pushed the HD7850 out of the picture at $210 as that extra $20 gets you a lot more performance.
Be sure to check out our reviews on these recent graphics cards to find out which fit your specific needs!
- GeForce GTX 660 Ti 2GB
- Radeon HD 7950 3GB with Boost
- Radeon HD 7970 3GB GHz Edition
- GeForce GTX 670 2GB
- GeForce GTX 690 4GB
- GeForce GTX 680 2GB
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Gag Gifts for Baby Girls - Baby - Under $25
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There's not much time left for online Christmas shopping, but don't worry! We've got you covered with a list of amazing gifts for everyone on your list that you can still get before Christmas Eve and best of all, they are all under 20 bucks. Read More »
Looking for a great gift for a man, and your budget is $50 or less? Check out these gifts; all are less than the cost of dinner and a movie (and will last a lot longer). Read More »
As a mom-to-be, I have chronic cute-itis. Don't worry, cute-itis is not life-threatening. However, my cute-itis has me cooing over every cute baby thing that I come across (and in my job at Gifts.com, I come across A LOT) from infant skinny... Read More »
As a mom-to-be myself, I have been having so much fun researching baby products that will help simplify my transition into a chaotic and wonderful new life with a baby. You've seen my post about lightweight strollers, baby shower gifts for... Read More »
The Gift Gurus at Gifts.com hand-pick all gift ideas for baby girls in the gag gifts category. View great ideas for baby girls from the best stores online and further refine your gag gifts results by price, Gift Guru top picks and more to find the perfect gift.
At Gifts.com, holiday gift shopping starts early. We seek out the cool new gifts that they are sure to love this season. Find a great selection of ideas perfect for every age. |


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Distributed Visualization of Scientific Data
Visualization is an inherently interactive task and therefore should take place on the scientist's desk. Not all steps that lead raw data to recorded images have to be carried out locally... Further information is available in the detailed project description.
Jean Claude Bachmann
Johannes Becker (student)
Axel Friedrich (student)
Ronald Holzlöhner (student)
Daniel Limbach (student)
Uwe Schwarz
Johannes Schmidt-Ehrenberg (student)
Hinnerk Stüben
Malte Zöckler (student)
Humboldt Universität Berlin, Chemistry Department Computation and Visualization of Electrochemical Redoxprocesses (Vismol)
Technical University Berlin, Physics Department, Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Visualization of Dust Generation in Pulsing Atmospheres of Stars (Visastro)
Technical University Berlin, Physics Department, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Video Animation of the Structure of Complex Fluids (Visphys)
Technical University Berlin, Department for Physical Engineering Science, Hermann-Föttinger-Institute for flow dynamics Visualization of High Volumes of Scientific Data in CFD (Viswirb)
Technical University Berlin, Mathematics Department, Visualization of Numerical Algorithms (Visalg)
Hahn-Meitner-Institute Berlin, Theory Department and Information Processing & ElectronicsDepartment, Computation and Visualization of Quantum Chemical Dispersion Processes (Visdyn)
BRTB-Visual is one of five application projects in the Berlin Regional Testbed for Broadband Networks. The application projects as well as parts of the network infrastructure are sponsored by the German Ministry of Research and Development (BMFT).
10/1994 - 9/1996


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welcome Tammy
glad you joined us . I hope you will have fun here and meet lot of friends
dolly cheers
TY MANAGERSimon Farnworth said…
Hi Tammy, Thanks very much for taking the time to join us on DollObservers and I wish you a very warm welcome. Please check out our getting started guide: http://dollobservers.com/page/new-user-guide. See you around :)
Warm regards, Simon
© 2013 Created by Simon Farnworth.
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text:
What are the most common best practices on length and data type on common fields like:
- First Name
- Last Name
- Address
- Sex
- State
- City
- Country
- Phone Number
What are the most common best practices on length and data type on common fields like:
etc.... |
I would tend to be very suspicious of any set of universal best practices because, for most of these fields, the devil is in the details. Just because the information is relatively common doesn't mean that your application uses the data in exactly the same way that other applications use it. That means your data model may need to be slightly different.
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You may as well guess based on sample data and expected audience. It depends on your location. Some notes: Addresses:
Phone number: International code, length, mobile vs house, allow mobile as only number | |||||||||
In addition to the great answers above, don't forget to accept unicode characters. Just because you are in the US doesn't mean that you don't want to accept foreign characters into your columns. That said, I usually recommend 50 characters for names. 320 should be more than enough for an email address (you can check the ANSI standard to be sure). For address error on the side of caution with 255 characters. While you'll probably never need an address that big, you might if you include C/O lines and stuff like that. City should be pretty big, there are some pretty long city names out there. For state go with a child table, same with country. For Zip code don't forget about international postal codes which are longer than US zip codes. Just because you don't support international you still might be. There are lots of US citizens who live in different counties including military folks. Don't forget that state should be optional as many countries don't have states. | |||||||||||||
From a slightly different perspective than the previous answers, and since it seems OK to talk about LDAP, RFC 4519 -- "Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): Schema for User Applications" may be of interest. It may be useful if your application needs to be mapped to such a directory. Otherwise, it's probably not adapted to your requirements. These definitions are more than just about data, they're also about some operators that can be used on the fields. | |||
My bum is getting sore from sitting on the fence, so I am going to just throw out some answers and hope to not get down-voted into oblivion. Please offer constructive criticism. E-mail Address:min: 6 (email@example.com) The amount of code to validate an email is actually insane, so let's just assume it's valid if it has a "@" You may want to abstract an email address as a "communication method", so that you can easily list all methods with which to communicate with a user. GenderGender can change over time, so you could track that if it's important to you. Follow http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218 Addresses: NORAMI am gonna take the cheap way out and stick to North American addresses. Some cities contain zip codes, and some cities are contained within zip codes, so there is not a child/parent relationship. Same for counties. Therefore, zips, counties, and cities are all children of division, which is a state, province, or territory. A division is a child of country. It is convenient to abstract countries, divisions, cities, counties, and zips mostly due to taxation. Taxes can apply at many levels, so if you can point a tax rate at an abstract geographic area, you are golden. GeographicArea:
Add line2, and line3 if you need to. Now, an address is an address. Multiple people can live at an address, and a person can have multiple addresses at the same time, and over time, so you need a many-many table for that. PartyAddress
Add a Phone NumbersA party can have multiple phone numbers, and a phone number can be used by multiple people. A phone number can be used for faxes, telephone calls, modems, etc. These can all change over time too. PhoneNumber
The min might be 3 (for "911"), or maybe 7 ("310-4NET", which is a special kind of local number that does not allow you to dial the area code) You could split this into country code, etc if necessary. PartyPhoneNumber
NamesA party can have many names (legal name, nick name, maiden name), and a name is composed of many name components, such as title, given-name, family-name.
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Irish Internet Radio and TV from Dublin, Ireland.
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Let talk about the Irish language and its beautyI recently bought a little book called ''L'Irlandais sans peine'' and i was charmed by it content. This book is a introduction to gaelic fr… Started by Alexandre Boulet |
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Jan 3, 2008 Reply by Alexandre Boulet |
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This was my first time running the Umstead Trail Marathon, although I train in the park nearly every day. It was a challenging run, but made enjoyable by the wonderful, dedicated, caring volunteers. Thanks to ALL OF YOU! The single track sections were nice but they really wore me out. The hills at the last 4 miles were tough. Thanks for a great race; I will be back next year!
My first marathon, and it was everything I thought it would be. The runners were great. Since it was out-and-back in some spots, you pass runners, and everyone was saying, "Great job; keep it up!" I would recommend doing a training run or two on the course. I look forward to running this marathon again. Great job by all staff and volunteers.
What a sensibly organized race this was! When I started running marathons out of blue two years ago, I went straight into a 50 states conquest. This was my 32nd, and joys of running on the trails have been growing on me lately. I like everything about this race; the toughness of the course, and great support that I received at every aid station. The race packet had a pair of Smart Wool running socks with blister preventer, and several high concentrated ginger chews in addition to the race tech shirt. While we were running, at aid stations after 20 miles, they served a cup of coke. I am not much of a soda drinker. But when I run a marathon, I always crave for some carbonated drink, namely Coke, after drinking tons of water and Gatorades for hours. They also served great snack on the race, and hearty meal after the race. These people know the beauty of the small race on the trail, and do everything in their power to share it with you. After the race, they also had a door prize and I got another cute shirt from Great Outdoor Provision Company, organizer of this race in addition to the finishers mug. Everything they gave me will be used by me on a daily basis. That's what I appreciated the most. Oh, by the way, I fell in love with Raleigh, NC.
Any new appointed race director needs to be required to come to this race to see how to do things right! Period. Every year, everything is perfect... except the weather (which was perfect this year!!). The course is challenging, but beautiful and fun. You often get to see your fellow runners, as there are several places where you double back. One of my favorite races. I'll be back. But my pint glass finisher's award was defective! Doesn't hold beer very long at all....
I have done 13 road marathons prior to this. This race may have converted me. What a beautiful course; support was great and all of the people involved were awesome. For your information, I have tested my pint glass and found it to be fully operational.
My first marathon, and I couldn't have picked a better one. Doing most of my long training runs at Umstead definitely prepared me for race day, but I still got my butt kicked around mile 23 (good, old Cedar Ridge). The event organization, volunteers, aid stations, other runners, and the park itself were simply awesome. I plan on making this an annual event and would recommend this marathon to anyone who wants a challenge.
This is the third time for me running the race. This year conditions were perfect (about 30F at the start, going up to 53F during the day - way better than last year, starting at 55F and ending at 81F). As always, the organizers put on a great race with the best aid stations/on-course roaming bike support. Umstead is a very challenging course with lots of hills, and it certainly got to me around mile 20.5, going down Cedar Ridge. I am very happy to have improved my time and gotten my coveted finisher's pint glass, this being the year of the bunny. This is still my favorite marathon and I'll definitely return next year.
The course was fantastic and the people are top-notch. Extremely well-organized, and there's great camaraderie with other runners with such a small field. The aid stations were well-stocked (thank God for the Fritos at mile 24) and they also had volunteers on bikes checking on the runners - delivering me much-needed water between stations. I really would like to thank the organizers and volunteers. This was a great experience and I hope to make this an annual event for me.
This note is to thank all of the wonderful people who make the Umstead Marathon possible. It is a classic event that should be on the running resume of all runners. It's very obvious that the many volunteers put forth a great deal of effort in the event. Plus, they have some really great swag. Thank you very much!
This was my second time running this race, so I knew what I was in for. Unfortunately, this year the weather was a major factor, with a starting temperature of 55F going up to 80F. Having primarily trained in the mid-30s I wasn't used to running under those conditions anymore; thus I had some problems in the later parts of the race - especially going down/back up on Cedar Ridge between miles 21.5-24, which was tough. But then again the course is described as "very hilly." ;-) Can't blame them for false advertising. This is still my favorite marathon because of a challenging course, excellent organization and outstanding volunteer support. Hopefully next year it will be a bit cooler and I'll be able to improve my time.
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