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Eagleton, Terry
Terry Eagleton 1943-
(Full name Terrence Francis Eagleton) English critic, novelist, essayist, nonfiction writer, screenwriter, and playwright.
The following entry presents an overview of Eagleton's career through 1999.
An erudite scholar and influential cultural theorist, Terry Eagleton is widely regarded as the one of the foremost Marxist literary critics on the contemporary academic scene. With the publication of Marxism and Literary Criticism (1976) and Literary Theory (1983), a popular college text, Eagleton won recognition for producing highly informed though accessible works of literary criticism that explore the relationship between literature, history, and society. While Eagleton's Marxist perspective is clearly apparent in his writings, his work also demonstrates a regard for other theoretical approaches such as feminism and psychoanalysis. English by education as well as birth, Eagleton displays a notable concern for the history, politics, and culture of Ireland. By urging critics to move out of the isolation that academia tends to foster, he manifests a desire that criticism be used to promote a more equitable society.
Biographical Information
Eagleton was born in Salford, England, where his father worked as an engineer. He attended local schools before studying at Cambridge University, where he received his B.A. in 1964. He earned his Ph.D. at Cambridge in 1968. While at Cambridge, he worked with the critic Raymond Williams, under whose influence he rejected the orthodoxies of New Criticism, a critical approach that treats the literary text as autonomous and unconnected to moral, historical, or political realities. Eagleton served as a fellow in English at Cambridge from 1964 to 1969 until moving to Oxford University. He was married from 1966 to 1976. At Oxford, he became a fellow and tutor in Poetry, a position that he held until 1989, when he became a lecturer in Critical Theory. Eagleton continues to work at Oxford, holding the post of Thomas Warton professor of English and Literature, which he received in 1992.
Major Works
Eagleton's writings reflect his interest in examining ideologies as they are expressed in literature. The tool with which he prefers to explore ideologies is Marxist literary theory, which takes into account—unlike New Criticism—the relationships that historical, political, and social conditions have to works of literature. Eagleton's theoretical stance, while it has not remained static during his career, is apparent in his first book, The New Left Church (1966). In this work he combines literary criticism, Marxist political analysis, and Catholic theology in an attempt to reconcile Roman Catholicism with socialist humanism. With Shakespeare and Society (1967), he released his first book of criticism on a traditional literary topic. Demonstrating his rejection of New Criticism, Eagleton refuses to regard Shakespeare's work as an autonomous entity; instead, he treats his writings as inseparable from Elizabethan social issues. Investigating the conflict between individualism and social responsibility in Shakespeare's later plays, Eagleton argues that while Shakespeare was actually a political conservative who had an interest in maintaining the contemporary social order, his presentation of individualism and sexual desire undermines the conventional structures of law and marriage. Eagleton revisited this subject in William Shakespeare (1986).
In The Body as Language (1970), Eagleton confronts the human alienation that capitalism creates by advocating cooperation between Christianity and revolutionary socialism. Following this book, the author was not to return to Christian doctrine as a major topic in his writings. Instead, for his next two books Eagleton trained his Marxist theory on specific literary figures. Exiles and Emigrés (1970) examines why so much important twentieth-century English literature has been written by non-English authors such as Joseph Conrad, T. S. Eliot, Henry James, and James Joyce. Myths of Power (1975) looks at the work of the Brontë sisters in light of the emerging industrial class of their time. Eagleton's next work, Marxism and Literary Criticism, exerted a significant impact on the practice of literary criticism. Here Eagleton argues that the artist does not "create" something from nothing, but instead "produces" a work that is determined by historical and ideological conditions. In addition to presenting the concept of the author as producer, Eagleton also considers the relationships between form and content and that of the writer and social commitment. Asserting in Criticism and Ideology (1976) that Marxism is the only methodology free of the ideological bias that other analytical approaches entail, Eagleton maintains that the goal of criticism is to reveal the ideological forces that make up a text. In Walter Benjamin (1981), Eagleton argues that Benjamin's revolutionary criticism has not been given proper attention. He also displays in this work an interest in feminism. In The Rape of Clarissa (1982) Eagleton applied a feminist approach, in addition to Marxist and psychoanalytic theories, to his interpretation of the eighteenth-century novel Clarissa by Samuel Richardson.
Eagleton is perhaps best known for Literary Theory, which has become a popular instructional text among academics. In this work, Eagleton not only surveys such major literary theories as structuralism, semiotics, and phenomenology, but also discusses the historical and ideological conditions behind each theory to demonstrate its limitations as well as its significance. Eagleton also contends that students would benefit from a study of rhetoric, as was practiced from antiquity to the eighteenth century. He also favors a cultural discourse that would eradicate the distinctions between literature and non-literature. In The Function of Criticism (1984), which offers a polemical history of the critical establishment from the eighteenth century to the present, Eagleton attempts to sway criticism away from its preoccupation with literary texts and estrangement from society in the interest of returning it to its traditional involvement in cultural politics. In Saints and Scholars (1987), his only novel to date, Eagleton satirically explores the beginnings of modern European thought. Set in Ireland in 1916, the novel involves Irish revolutionary James Connolly, who has escaped his real-life execution, and his encounters with philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein and Bertrand Russell; Leopold Bloom, the protagonist of James Joyce's Ulysses; and Mikhail Bakhtin's brother, Marxist literary critic Nikolai. Besides showing how religious, economic, and political forces affected society in the early twentieth century, their conversations serve as a debate of the theoretical and practical limitations of thought and social action.
Eagleton returned to criticism with The Ideology of the Aesthetic (1990), in which he illustrates how social and political forces influence a society's aesthetic conceptualizations. His analysis considers the work of Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, G. W. F. Hegel, Martin Heidegger, Immanuel Kant, and Friedrich Nietzsche to examine how these forces affect the formation of aesthetic thought. In Ideology (1991), Eagleton scrutinizes the concept of ideology itself and its various manifestations, again providing a survey of major theoretical positions and their proponents in the process. In Heathcliff and the Great Hunger (1995), Eagleton proposes that Heathcliff in Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights was actually a refugee from the great Irish potato famine. In this series of essays, Eagleton confronts what he considers to be a revisionist view of Irish history, one that seeks to diminish the impact of the potato famine and nineteenth-century English politics on the period's writers. Eagleton also addressed issues concerning Irish culture in the essay collection Crazy John and the Bishop (1999). In The Illusions of Postmodernism (1996), Eagleton defends the relevance of Marxist theory against the current preference among critics for postmodernism. He argues that postmodernism, with its view of the world as fragmented and truth as indeterminate, is an inadequate successor to Marxism, which in its critique of capitalism can offer a more concrete moral vision for society.
Critical Reception
Even those colleagues who disagree with Eagleton's Marxist position and interpretation of ideology tend to commend his passionate writing. Eagleton has been praised for his humor and wit as well as for demonstrating a graceful style. In his first major work, Marxism and Literary Criticism, Eagleton was hailed not only for his writing technique but for his concise explication of the obtuse theories of European Marxist critics and his provoking treatment of the author as "producer." He was criticized, however, for a lack of textual examples and for being too self-referential. His second major work, Literary Theory, was similarly lauded by critics for serving as an accessible, comprehensible introduction to its subject. The book was also praised for its consideration of the relationship between literary theories and the ideological conditions in which they arise. On the other hand, many critics rejected his suggestion that literature and literary theory are illusions and that the study of literature be replaced with the study of rhetoric. The Ideology of the Aesthetic and Ideology also elicited considerable critical response, with many commending Eagleton's impressive range and insight into their subjects, and others finding his arguments flawed and merely polemical. His critics notwithstanding, Eagleton remains a prominent literary theorist, one who, having reexamined the tradition of criticism and the role of the critic, has greatly influenced both students and professional academics.
Principal Works
The New Left Church (essays) 1966
Shakespeare and Society: Critical Studies in Shakespearean Drama (criticism) 1967
The Body as Language: Outline of a "New Left" Theology (nonfiction) 1970
Exiles and Emigrés: Studies in Modern Literature (criticism) 1970
Myths of Power: A Marxist Study of the Brontës (criticism) 1975
Criticism and Ideology: A Study of Marxist Literary Theory (criticism) 1976
Marxism and Literary Criticism (criticism) 1976
Walter Benjamin; or, Towards a Revolutionary Criticism (criticism) 1981
The Rape of Clarissa: Writing, Sexuality, and Class Struggle in Samuel Richardson (criticism) 1982
Literary Theory: An Introduction (criticism) 1983
The Function of Criticism: From the Spectator to Post-Structuralism (criticism) 1984
Against the Grain: Selected Essays, 1975-1985 (essays) 1986
William Shakespeare (criticism) 1986
Saints and Scholars (novel) 1987
The Ideology of the Aesthetic (criticism) 1990
Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature [with Frederic Jameson and Edward W. Said] (criticism) 1990
Saint Oscar (drama) 1990
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SOURCE: "Phallic Woman," in New Statesman, September 24, 1982, p. 28.
[In the following review of The Rape of Clarissa, Thurley concludes that the work is "a vigorous and sometimes brilliant book" marred by Eagleton's "dogmatic intensity."]
We can read Clarissa again, says Terry Eagleton, thanks to feminism and post-structuralism. It is now relevant, he argues [in The Rape of Clarissa], because it dramatises the scandal of rape in patriarchal society and opens up the possibility of a fully feminised social order. Eagleton assumes fixed meanings for masculine and feminine throughout. Women are tender, gentle and considerate (though also narcissistic in a way he approves of); men are brutal, rapacious and domineering.
Aristocracy is treated as historically masculine in contrast to the (feminine) bourgeoisie: bourgeois inwardness and kindness replaced aristocratic militancy in the 18th century. Lovelace is therefore an outdated Restoration rake, brutal and cynical yet also pathetic—an infantile sadist expressing his misogyny 'in the virulently anti-sexual act of rape'. Real sexuality involves 'adult relationship' not only beyond the rapist but quite simply impossible in the patriarchy in which Clarissa and Lovelace live.
Having disposed of all sexual relationships before the age of feminisation (which still hasn't quite arrived),...
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SOURCE: "Skull Caps," in New Statesman, June 3, 1983, pp. 24-5.
[In the following review, Hawkes offers positive assessment of Literary Theory.]
As much goad as guide, Terry Eagleton's spirited introduction to literary theory [Literary Theory] has the sharp bite that only a trenchant and tough-minded argument can give. It puts an incisive and persuasive case: that in our society the discourses of literary criticism and of politics share a deep mutual involvement, so that to place something as ideologically sensitive as 'English' at the centre of a system of mass education implies and invokes relationships of real social power. Hence the urgency, the bitterness and the public interest in recent clashes over 'structuralism', 'deconstruction' and the like. At stake is not merely 'English', but the mysterious quality of Englishness: civilisation as we know it.
Eagleton puts his own cards firmly on the table and deals innocence out of the game. If criticism involves the continuation of politics by other means, there can be no criticism 'itself'. The even-handedness and neutrality beloved of examination boards exists only as a series of contrived stances or tricks of style masking a variety of prejudices. The most fundamental of these naturally sees theory as a foreign, intrusive body sullying the pure encounter between reader and text. But that pristine...
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SOURCE: "Does Literature Exist?," in Nation, January 21, 1984, pp. 59-60.
[In the following review, Davis offers positive evaluation of Literary Theory, though is skeptical of Eagleton's Marxist ideology and devaluation of literature in favor of other mediums of representation.]
Terry Eagleton's new book is a concise guide to the most interesting and mystifying trends in the study of literature over the last fifty years. Judging from Literary Theory's positive reception in Britain and now America, it answers a need—and answers it well. But as I read along, I kept imagining a TV ad: "Can't decide between hermeneutical and structural approaches to literature? Embarrassed at parties by your faulty knowledge of deconstructionist or Marxist criticism? Let Terry Eagleton help you through with his handy patent-pending guide to the wonderful world of literary criticism." It is a strange moment in late capitalism when a Marxist guide to literary criticism seems as necessary to middle-class life as a Sony Walkman and an I.B.M. personal computer.
One might point out as a caveat to the general public that Eagleton's history of literary theory is not a disinterested one. As a Marxist, he has axes to grind along with the wares he displays. Rather than presenting a traditional literary history, he begins with the striking and contestable notion that there is no such thing as...
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SOURCE: "Miscellaneous," in Modern Fiction Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2, Summer, 1984, pp. 399-403.
[In the following excerpted review essay, Kellman offers tempered assessment of Literary Theory, concluding that it should be read with a "blend of enthusiasm and wariness."]
Although it mentions neither Wellek nor Warren, Literary Theory: An Introduction seems to aspire to be the Theory of Literature for a poststructuralist world, a more overtly partisan examination of the most influential schools of literary theory in recent decades. A Marxist with wit, Terry Eagleton is magisterial in his deployment of a wide range of ideas, but rarely dispassionate. However, after patient scrutiny of the writings of numerous contemporary critics, Eagleton confesses that he has not come to praise theory but to bury it. He rejects the claim that literary theory is a coherent discipline:
It is an illusion first in the sense that literary theory, as I hope to have shown, is really no more than a branch of social ideologies, utterly without any unity or identity which would adequately distinguish it from philosophy, linguistics, psychology, cultural and sociological thought; and secondly in the sense that the one hope it has of distinguishing itself—clinging to an object named literature—is misplaced.
Literary study becomes...
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SOURCE: A review of The Function of Criticism, in New Statesman, October 5, 1984, p. 33.
[In the following review, Montrose offers positive assessment of The Function of Criticism, though notes its similarity to his earlier work on Walter Benjamin.]
Terry Eagleton's essay [The Function of Criticism] seeks to 'recall criticism to its traditional role'—engagement in cultural politics—from what he considers a position of crisis, where it is narrowly preoccupied with literary texts and estranged from social life through confinement to Academe and 'the literary industry' (public relations branch). Central to his argument is Jürgen Habermas's notion of 'the public sphere': an arena which facilitates free and equal discourse, among individuals, on cultural questions. Eagleton's starting-point is early 18th-century England, where the coffee houses and clubs and such periodicals as Steele's Tatler and Addison's Spectator comprised a 'bourgeois public sphere' which sustained cultural consensus. That sphere's gradual disintegration by economic and political factors is subsequently charted in a brief (and confessedly selective) history of criticism in England.
The Victorian 'academicization of criticism' marked its demise as 'a socially active force'. Later, Scrutiny represented an attempt to reinvent the classic public sphere:...
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SOURCE: "Having Their Way with Will," in New Statesman, March 21, 1986, pp. 26-7.
[In the following review, Rissik offers negative assessment of William Shakespeare.]
In her slim critical book [Shakespeare], Germaine Greer writes, 'The public duty of the playwright was to bring the caviare of his angelic intellectual exercise within the grasp of those savage hordes, who were quite capable of disrupting performances they could not follow.' In his study [William Shakespeare], Terry Eagleton, who is Tutor and Fellow in English at Wadham College, Oxford, tells us that 'it is difficult to read Shakespeare without feeling that he was almost certainly familiar with the writing of Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Wittgenstein and Derrida.'
Such fatuous tributes as these are, of course, only the most recent manifestations of a prevailing critical tendency to regard Shakespeare not as mere poet or dramatist but as God: all-knowing, all-wise and all-embracing. According to the unstoppable supply of critical books which pour yearly from the presses, Shakespeare had Christ's ability to read the human heart, Walt Disney's enchanting verve as a popular entertainer and Aristotle's pre-occupying High Seriousness. Although specific minor critics have specific minor criticisms, in each case the burden of the argument is the same. Shakespeare outdistanced and out-achieved everyone...
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SOURCE: "Recent Studies in Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama," in Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 27, No. 2, Spring, 1987, pp. 321-79.
[In the following excerpted review essay, Howard offers unfavorable assessment of William Shakespeare, which, she concludes, "is a book that overreaches itself."]
The crassly pragmatic purpose of an SEL review is—ugly phrase—"information management." Publication proceeds at such a pace that no one can possibly absorb even a fraction of what is printed on Renaissance drama in a given year. An omnibus review such as this, published soon after the books themselves are published, supposedly gives overextended scholars some basis for deciding which of these scholarly and critical texts they will actually read. Consequently, I have in part proceeded as if I were simply composing an annotated bibliography, and to some extent that seems not a misrecognition of the nature of the task. On the other hand, description is not enough, and reading all these texts ideally puts one in the position to make larger statements about the state of criticism and scholarship in the field of Renaissance drama and to identify and evaluate those books that emerge from the pack as unusually provocative, ambitious, or significant. I have tried to do as much evaluating and sense-making as I could, though I am very aware of how little of that I have been able to...
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SOURCE: "After the Revolution: Eagleton on Aesthetics," in Contemporary Literature, Vol. XXXII, No. 4, Winter, 1991, pp. 573-79.
[In the following review of The Ideology of the Aesthetic, Sprinker discusses Eagleton's aesthetic perspective in light of Hegelian philosophy, and finds contradictions in the political aspects of Eagleton's conclusions.]
Having been a reasonably diligent observer of Terry Eagleton's career since the mid 1970s, I remain of two minds about the body of work that has poured forth since Criticism and Ideology—in my view, his most original and significant contribution to literary theory. On the one hand, I greatly admire (perhaps even envy a bit) his facility as a writer—not merely the speed with which he is able to compose provocative and important studies as various and wide-ranging as his books on Walter Benjamin, the history of English criticism, and Samuel Richardson's Clarissa; his still-unsurpassed introduction to contemporary literary theory; and now his long meditation on the history of European aesthetics, but also the clarity he achieves in commenting on and (often enough) taking to task both Marxist and bourgeois theories. Eagleton is, in fine, a superior stylist and a gifted expositor of complex texts. On the other hand, I have consistently been suspicious of the very elegance and cleverness of his books, their literary grace setting off...
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SOURCE: A review of The Ideology of the Aesthetic, in British Journal of Aesthetics,Vol. 31, No. 2, April, 1991, pp. 169-71.
[In the following review, Lyas offers positive evaluation of The Ideology of the Aesthetic, though finds fault in its omission of several key philosophers and Eagleton's conclusion.]
[The Ideology of the Aesthetic], despite qualifications to which I will come, is one of the best reads in philosophy that I have had for many a long year. I turned to it, somewhat co-incidentally, after yet another of my periodic grazings in the fertile meadows of two works which illuminate many of the issues discussed by Eagleton, Bernard Williams's Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy and Roy Edgley's Reason in Theory and Practice. The effect was not unlike turning from The Golden Bowl to The Old Curiosity Shop. For this is a rumbustious, heart-in-the-right-place, cascade of a book. Read with due tolerance, a comment to which I shall return, it has the power to give pleasure and instruction, even if, in the end, one discovers the journey to have been more exciting than the destination.
Comparisons with fiction are not entirely unapt. On p. 196 the writer begins a chapter: 'The narrative so far …'. I do not think that Eagleton wishes to use the term 'narrative' in the sense in which it is used by many theorists who...
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SOURCE: "Dialectic Without Detail," in Times Literary Supplement, June 28, 1991, pp. 6-7.
[In the following review, Griffiths offers unfavorable assessment of Ideology.]
Though generally admiring William Empson's work, Terry Eagleton regretted that "it lacks … almost any concept of ideology". This is not strictly true: a formulation such as "language is essentially a social product, and much concerned with social relations, but we tend to hide this in our forms of speech so as to appear to utter impersonal truths" (The Structure of Complex Words) states clearly one classic account of ideological function. But you see what Professor-Elect Eagleton means: Empson makes his point unsystematically, as a general observation about human behaviour rather than as something determined by particular sociopolitical circumstance. When Empson says of the early eighteenth century in England, "There was the feeling that the unity of society had become somehow fishy", he sounds more jokey than a Marxist would allow himself to be about the matter, though his claim is one which a Marxist too might wish to make. The question, then, is whether, lacking a concept of ideology, Empson lacks anything worth regretting. What does "ideology" help us understand which would otherwise baffle us?
Eagleton has been devoted to the word for a good fifteen years, since Criticism and...
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SOURCE: A review of The Ideology of the Aesthetic, in Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 49, No. 3, Summer, 1991, pp. 259-61.
[In the following review of The Ideology of the Aesthetic, Schusterman praises Eagleton's insight and rhetorical turns, though finds shortcomings in the book's omissions and contradictory assertions.]
The past decade of Anglo-American intellectual history has witnessed literary theory's undeniable emergence as the most influential, ambitious, and institutionally powerful genre of theoretical discourse in the humanities. The fact that it now prefers to call itself simply "theory," as if to encompass and exhaust the entire theoretical realm, is testimony to its ambition. But it also testifies, I believe, to a covert but nagging discomfort with its narrowly literary past, its institutional provenance in the Anglo-American world as a theoretical practice based in departments of English and foreign literature, dominated (if not originally formulated) by "language teachers" rather than so-called professional philosophers, who have traditionally held the honor of being Western culture's grand theorists. In its attempt both to escape its literary past and to avoid and outflank its closest neighbor and rival in Anglo-American philosophy departments, literary theory took care to distinguish itself sharply from the field of aesthetics, aligning itself instead...
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SOURCE: A review of The Ideology of the Aesthetic, in Modern Language Review, Vol. 86, Pt. 3, July, 1991, pp. 653-54.
[In the following review, Wright offers positive assessment of The Ideology of the Aesthetic.]
What R. H. Tawney did for religion, Arnold Hauser for art history, Adorno for music, and Raymond Williams for literature, Terry Eagleton has done for aesthetics: namely, to uncover the ideological motivation that ideology itself exists to conceal. In spite of a modest disavowal he comes challengingly close to doing the same for philosophy. In the favoured definitions, self-confirming premises, chosen controversies, chosen opponents, bland ignorances, and shared assumptions of what is to be banally true, he charts a new map for aesthetic theory from Baumgarten to the postmoderns. It is part of Professor Eagleton's originality to realize that this is a demystification that has been imperative for some time. As one reads it, one has the refreshing feeling of at last having an illusion exorcised. In rending the ideological fabric, he brings into salience philosophical questions of the place of the aesthetic in the bases of culture and society, indeed, showing it to be essentially imbricated in knowledge and language, and, moreover, in ideology itself. Answering these questions is not part of his brief, but it is evidence of radical success that such questions have to be put.
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SOURCE: "In the Defiles of Analogy," in Art History, Vol. 14, No. 4, December, 1991, pp. 620-24.
[In the following review, Lloyd offers unfavorable evaluation of The Ideology of the Aesthetic, though credits Eagleton's elucidation of the work of other major theorists.]
At the time of writing, it is already clear enough to casual observation that Eagleton's Ideology of the Aesthetic has become something of an academic best seller. Accordingly, the usual concerns of an advance review give way here in this rather belated account to an assessment of the work's achievement, made all the more demanding by virtue of the book's wide circulation and probable influence. Fredric Jameson's comment on the cover, 'That contemporary theory would eventually turn back to consider its origins in the contradictions of philosophical aesthetics was predictable', is certainly true, and marks the necessity of such a project. It must be said, of course, that such a project has been undertaken over a long period already in Germany, in the wake of both the Frankfurt School and Habermas, and in the work of the Budapest School, though Eagleton makes no acknowledgement of either corpus.1 Nonetheless, the appearance of such work in English is much to be desired, especially at a moment when, in the face of cultural studies and multi-cultural transformations of curricula and institutions, the Right is...
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SOURCE: "Eagleton on Ideology: Six Types of Ambiguity," in University of Toronto Quarterly, Vol. 61, No. 2, Winter, 1991-92, pp. 280-88.
[In the following review of Ideology, Henderson offers analysis of Eagleton's philosophical perspective and critical approach to the delineation of ideology. While citing many shortcomings and contradictions in the work, Henderson writes, "Eagleton's negotiation of this dense and difficult terrain is masterful."]
'Ideology' is such a charged and vexed term that many people, taking in hand a volume about this topic, might well be tempted to follow Hume's famous advice. 'Does it contain any abstract reasoning concerning fact or number? Does it contain experimental reasoning concerning matter of fact and existence? No. Commit it then to the flames: for it can contain but sophistry and illusion.' Nevertheless, pronouncements about the end of ideology are surely premature, and however enticing the prospects of committing it to the flames might be, this richly ambiguous term can still do useful conceptual work, as Eagleton's thought-provoking book [Ideology] amply and cogently demonstrates. Moreover, in this post-Nietzschean world, experimental reasoning concerning matter of fact and existence is itself likely to be labelled sophistry and illusion, matters of fact being, as everyone knows, matters of interpretation. Indeed, the place where...
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SOURCE: "The Ideology of the Aesthetic," in New Left Review, No. 192, March-April, 1992, pp. 120-32.
[In the following review, Soper examines the development of Eagleton's theoretical analysis and socialist perspective in The Ideology of the Aesthetic, drawing attention to the "tensions, ambivalences, irresolutions, in Eagleton's book."]
In Ingmar Bergman's film of The Magic Flute, the camera, throughout the overture, traverses the faces of an audience divided by age, sex, ethnicity and style, but united in its common rapture. It is a compelling image of the power of the 'aesthetic' to realize—despite everything that tends to human dispersion—an instance of humanist fusion; an instance, moreover, that seems all the more exalted because it depends on nothing but mutual inspiration, and all the more precious because of its fragile spontaneity. This audience, in its wordless communion, surely captures something of what Kant had in mind when he presented the aesthetic as the site of a reciprocity of feeling and intersubjectivity denied us in our rational or moral or purely sensual dealings with others. Yet it may also, one feels, capture rather more than Kant intended. For, separated though it may be in terms of years or nationality or personal comportment, there is one aspect in which this audience appears more homogeneous: it is undoubtedly essentially bourgeois. Perhaps we...
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SOURCE: A review of Ideology, in Southern Humanities Review, Vol. XXVII, No. 2, Spring, 1993, pp. 166-69.
[In the following review, McGowan offers positive evaluation of Ideology, though notes that some of Eagleton's arguments are undermined by equivocation.]
Terry Eagleton has written a remarkable book. To enter the swamps of theorizing about ideology and to shed light invariably on every dense obscurity examined is work that calls to mind the lonely and noble labors of Spenserian and Tennysonian knights. No doubt we view such knightly endeavors with suspicion today, sensitive not only to the quixotic nature of quests for lucidity, but also to the self-aggrandizement and incipient elitism of those aiming to assume the mantle of heroic virtue. Eagleton's book is alternately embarrassed by and defiant about its determination to bring light to the benighted, but let me describe what he does before I ponder the puzzles of the tone in which he does it.
Eagleton begins by asserting that the notion of ideology is in crisis. He even claims that the dominant trend is to jettison the term altogether. Here he is mistaken. If anything, the concept of ideology is more prevalent than ever as the left's attention in recent years has swung almost entirely to issues of culture and social reproduction from earlier emphases on economic inequalities and matters of political organization. But...
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SOURCE: "The Critic as Novelist," in Wilson Quarterly, Vol. XVIII, No. 1, Winter, 1994, pp. 116-24.
[In the following excerpt, Levenson examines the motivation among literary theorists, including Eagleton, to write fiction and offers discussion of Eagleton's novel Saints and Scholars.]
Misleading to call it a movement, and still worse to think of it as a program, but we now have seen enough minor literary eruptions to suspect that it is a cultural symptom that bears some reflection: this burst of novel-writing from people who have lived the conceptual life, the life of method and argument, who often carry leather cases, or who give public lectures and contribute essays to learned journals. In the past five years, some of the world's leading literary critics have turned novelists, and at the same time turned from the coterie audience gathered in the universities to the wider public made up of anyone who wants to read. Why do they do it? What do they want? Are they merely slumming in the bad streets of the imagination? Or are these just new cases of a few gifted people who always hoped to grow up to be novelists and decided to act before it was too late?
Literary critics are not alone in suddenly feeling the charm of novel-writing; it happens to historians and journalists, among others. But I intend to give reasons for taking the literary academic drift of the tide with special...
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SOURCE: "The Persistence of Idealism," in Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Vol. 24, No. 1, March, 1994, pp. 84-92.
[In the following review, Hogan offer positive evaluation of Ideology, though cites shortcomings in Eagleton's "idealist epistemology."]
Ideology: An Introduction presents a conceptual and historical overview of the notion of ideology from the Enlightenment through "post-Marxism." It is lucid, informative, engaging, and well-argued. Although aimed at non-expert readers broadly familiar with debates in critical theory, it may be read productively by anyone from an advanced undergraduate to a specialist in political criticism. It works particularly well in a graduate Introduction to Literary Theory seminar, as I know from just having used it. Eagleton's discussions of such writers as Habermas, Gramsci, and Bourdieu help students to think about ideology more deeply and articulately, while his criticisms of current poststructural views encourage students to evaluate theories of ideology more critically and more practically.
The first two chapters present a clear statement of the nature and varieties of ideology. These chapters are particularly valuable because they situate the problem of ideology squarely within the realm of real politics. When confronted with a fashionable philosophical claim about politics, Eagleton asks, what does this mean in the...
(The entire section is 4346 words.)
SOURCE: A review of Ideology, in Comparative Literature, Vol. 46, No. 4, Fall, 1994, pp. 390-93.
[In the following review, Norris offers positive evaluation of Ideology.]
This book finds Eagleton returning once again to a topic that has often preoccupied his thinking, from the high Althusserian rigor of Criticism and Ideology (1976) to his recent major work on the history of aesthetics as a surrogate form of ideological discourse. Not that he is merely recycling old ideas in a different polemical context. On the contrary, Eagleton's analysis has deepened and evolved over the years through exposure to the various contending schools of post-Althusserian theory. Some of these arguments he has taken on board, albeit with a growing measure of critical reserve. Others he has berated—not without reason—as philosophically incoherent, politically bankrupt, or irrelevant to the practical Marxist interest in grasping and transforming our conditions of life in the late twentieth-century Western liberal pseudo-democracies. Certainly Eagleton has taken full stock of those challenges to the Althusserian paradigm that have come from so many quarters of late (poststructuralist, postmodernist, neopragmatist, anti-foundationalist, etc.), and whose effect has been to generate a widespread suspicion of any such "discourse" ultimately wedded to the concepts and categories of Marxist...
(The entire section is 1883 words.)
SOURCE: "The Eternal Rocks Beneath," in Spectator, May 27, 1995, pp. 43-4.
[In the following review, Craig offers positive evaluation of Heathcliff and the Great Hunger.]
Terry Eagleton's cast of mind is erudite and ingenious, and his ingenuity is nowhere more in evidence than in the opening essay of this collection. Heathcliff and the Great Hunger superimposes an allegory of Irishness, in the person of Heathcliff himself, over the narrative of Wuthering Heights: this intractable Brontë character, Eagleton says, 'starts out as an image of the famished Irish immigrant, becomes a landless labourer set to work in the Heights, and ends up as a symbol of the constitutional nationalism of the Irish Parliamentary Party'. Before the audacity of this pronouncement can take our breath away—so that's what Emily Brontë had in mind, and we never knew—he goes on to make out quite a good case for this eccentric reading ('The hunger in Wuthering Heights is called Heathcliff …').
Where the facts don't fit the hypothesis, he simply acknowledges the discrepancy and carries on regardless; pointing it out himself before someone else can do so. For example, he mentions Branwell Brontë's visit to Liverpool in 1845, and surmises that he might have encountered an Irish urchin there and passed on the information to his sister. But Eagleton is making a point about the...
(The entire section is 1083 words.)
SOURCE: "Spud Bashing," in New Statesman and Society, June 16, 1995, pp. 37, 39.
[In the following review, Morgan offers unfavorable assessment of Heathcliff and the Great Hunger.]
Terry Eagleton is a professor of English at Oxford; Roy Foster the professor of Irish history there. Last year, Eagleton launched a violent attack on his colleague, accusing Foster, and Irish historians, of revisionism. There was also a pre-emptive strike against Foster's current project, the biography of W. B. Yeats. Eagleton accused him of raiding literature in a "reductive" manner, "paying only passing attention to the politics and poetics of form".
Now, with Heathcliff and the Great Hunger, Eagleton has continued the offensive with his great coat-trailing work on Irish history. At once the application of cultural theory to Ireland, and the insertion of Irish history into literary criticism, this set of essays intersperses slabs of impressionistic analysis of Victorian Ireland with studies of particular writers. The lead chapter, ripped from any context to catch the 150th anniversary of the famine ("a low-level nuclear attack"), is typical Eagletonism.
Heathcliff, he reveals, was an Irish famine victim—ever if Earnshaw's discovery in Liverpool might have been a gypsy or a Creole or something else, and Emily Brontë began Wuthering Heights before the potato...
(The entire section is 1188 words.)
SOURCE: "I Am Not Heathcliff," in New Republic, August 21-28, 1995, pp. 42-5.
[In the following review, Donoghue provides summary and tempered analysis of Heathcliff and the Great Hunger.]
"The British don't believe Ireland is real; they just drop their fantasies here." In a wild romance called Saints and Scholars, which appeared in 1987, Terry Eagleton ascribed that assertion to James Connolly, one of the leaders of the Easter Rising, 1916. It is also the main idea of Eagleton's new book.
In his very professorial novel, Eagleton developed the conceit that Connolly, Commandant-General of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army, was not executed on May 12, 1916 for his part in the Easter Rising. Instead, he escaped from Dublin and lit out for Connemara. There he took refuge in a cottage which happened to be occupied by the philosopher Wittgenstein and his friend Nikolai Bakhtin, brother of the literary scholar Mikhail Bakhtin. Waiting for reinforcements, Connolly diverted himself from the pain of a gunshot wound by engaging these foreign gentlemen in high discussion of war, symbolism, language, martyrdom and the rhetorical success of failure.
Bakhtin, sodden with drink, says of the soldiers killing one another in France: "If there are bodies in torment there are bodies in ecstasy." Wittgenstein, having remarkably little to say for himself,...
(The entire section is 4316 words.)
SOURCE: "Reading Irish Culture," in Novel: A Forum on Fiction, Vol. 29, No. 2, Winter, 1996, pp. 248-49.
[In the following review, Daly offers positive assessment of Heathcliff and the Great Hunger.]
In his "Introduction" to The Ideology of the Aesthetic (1990), Terry Eagleton mentions that he had originally conceived of that work "as a kind of doubled text, in which an account of European aesthetic theory would be coupled at every point to a consideration of the literary culture of Ireland." The daunting potential size of such a work led to his decision to "reserve [it] either for a patented board game, in which players would be awarded points for producing the most fanciful possible connections between European philosophers and Irish writers, or for some future study." Regretfully, the board game has never appeared, but Heathcliff and the Great Hunger would appear to be that "future study." The essays range from the title piece, an interesting attempt to read Wuthering Heights in the context of the Irish famine of the 1840s, to an appreciation of the 18th-century Irish philosopher, Francis Hutcheson, to a discussion of the traces of Lamarckian thought in the writings of Oscar Wilde and G. B. Shaw. The vestiges of the earlier work are visible in the recurrent attempts to trace the peculiar modalities that the aesthetics of politics and the politics of the...
(The entire section is 1210 words.)
SOURCE: A review of Ideology, in Notes and Queries, Vol. 43, No. 1, March, 1996, pp. 119-21.
[In the following excerpted review, Cooper offers tempered analysis of Ideology, which he contrasts with Leonard Jackson's The Dematerialisation of Karl Marx.]
Eagleton and [Leonard] Jackson have produced two books that it is tempting to read as symptomatic of the state of Marxist literary theory in the 1990s at a time when 'world Communism has collapsed', (Jackson). Eagleton's anthology of extracts from eighteen writers [Ideology] takes its title from the claim that ideology is indeed the major concern of twentieth-century Marxist and Post-Marxist theory; for Jackson, on the other hand, Eagleton is classed as a bogeyman of English departments for precisely the reason that he and other 'Althusserians' have shifted attention away from the economic materialism of Marx's original writings, and have thereby 'dematerialised' not only Marx and Engels but the whole study of literature. The prospect of a lively debate between these two antithetical positions is rather dampened by the sense that both representatives have somehow lost their way. It is hard not to read Eagleton's selection of theorists as a mirror of his own development in the last two decades—perhaps an unfair assumption, but one which nevertheless underlines the reader's feeling that the penultimate section of his...
(The entire section is 820 words.)
SOURCE: A review of Heathcliff and the Great Hunger, in Modern Language Quarterly,Vol. 58, No. 1, March, 1997, pp. 114-18.
[In the following review, Trumpener offers positive assessment of Heathcliff and the Great Hunger and comments on the book's critical reception.]
Over the last twenty years groundbreaking books by British, Irish, and American academics have shaped a new field of Irish literary and cultural studies. A series of monographic studies in the tradition of Daniel Corkery's Synge and Anglo Irish Literature (1931) have used the oeuvres and careers of particular authors to show how Ireland's social conditions and political tensions molded Anglo-Irish consciousness and literature, from Swift's counter-Augustan aesthetic to a peculiarly Anglo-Irish mode of gothic.1 And a series of ambitious historical overviews, essay collections, and anthologies have explored the status of Ireland as an exemplary or prototypical British colony, the continuities and discontinuities of Anglo-Irish culture, and the shifting relationship between English-language and Gaelic literatures.2 Terry Eagleton's latest book builds on this stimulating body of work and moves the discussion to a new level of analytic sophistication.
In overlapping essays on Irish political, cultural, and literary history, Heathcliff and the Great Hunger ranges from the Irish...
(The entire section is 1851 words.)
SOURCE: "Tickling the Starving," in Times Literary Supplement, March 28, 1997, p. 25.
[In the following review, Pindar offers unfavorable assessment of The Illusions of Postmodernism.]
"Speaking as a hierarchical, essentialistic, teleological, metahistorical, universalist humanist, I imagine I have some explaining to do." Terry Eagleton begins and ends his latest book, The Illusions of Postmodernism, at a disadvantage to which he readily admits. Put at its crudest, postmodernism is in, hip, trendy, sexy. Marxism—or what he now prefers to call socialism—is not.
If his broad-brush approach to one of the most elusive movements of modern times appears unsatisfactory it is as well to remember that his target is not postmodernism proper but "what a particular kind of student today is likely to believe". His own students—"too young to recall a mass radical politics"—have unthinkingly succumbed to a fashionable postmodern "sensibility". It is understandable that a vigorous thinker who has spent most of his career espousing the cause of radical Marxism should feel that it is the time, rather than himself, that is out of joint. This book is less a critique than an exercise in retaliatory caricature. In Eagleton's hands, though, this is a strength, not a weakness, and The Illusions of Postmodernism makes entertaining reading.
The story...
(The entire section is 1139 words.)
SOURCE: "The Illusions of Postmodernism," in Monthly Review, Vol. 49, No. 5, October, 1997, pp. 58-61.
[In the following review, Mooers offers positive assessment of The Illusions of Postmodernism.]
A grammatically-correct friend explained to me recently that when terms like "Post-Modernism" are written as "Postmodernism" it represents the linguistic equivalent of coming of age. Which, like so many apparently momentous passages in life, may be full of sound and fury, but in the end signify very little. Nevertheless, as Terry Eagleton points out in the preface to this very clever and readable book, "Part of the power of postmodernism is that it exists, whereas how true this is of socialism these days is rather more debateable. Pace Hegel, it would seem at present that what is real is irrational, and what is rational is unreal."
The Illusions of Postmodernism sets out to challenge not so much the heavy hitters of the postmodernist canon but the "sensibility of postmodernism" which has seeped down to become part of the intellectual "common sense" of many young (and not-so-young) people, especially if they have come within a stones throw of a university classroom in the past ten years. As Eagleton explains, "Postmodernism is a style of thought which is suspicious of classical notions of truth, reason, identity, and objectivity, of the idea of...
(The entire section is 1493 words.)
SOURCE: "Bogged Down," in Times Literary Supplement, July 23, 1999, p. 30.
[In the following review, Maddox offers unfavorable assessment of Crazy John and the Bishop.]
This combative book [Crazy John and the Bishop] is aimed at unnamed foes. In the small world of Irish Studies, they presumably know who they are. The innocent reader can only guess.
What the enemies are guilty of is less obscure. Terry Eagleton, Warton Professor of English Literature at Oxford, dislikes postmodernism and revisionism applied to Irish culture. He wants the philosophy, poetry and prose written on what he calls "the wrong side of St George's Channel" to be read in the social and historical context of Ireland's religion and education, not in terms of signifiers and post-colonial utterance.
He despises the tweezering out of the great names, such as Joyce, Yeats and Beckett, for world literature, as if the lesser lights of Irish writing were not as important to the national tradition as they are to England's. And he has no patience with the brisk, revisionist, or cock-up, school of historians of Ireland who argue that the Great Famine and the Easter Rising have been romanticized and overwritten. Holding up examples of caring landlords and inefficient revolutionaries is an attempt, he argues, to deprive these events of their symbolic importance in the Irish drive for...
(The entire section is 725 words.)
Further Reading
Alter, Robert. "The Decline and Fall of Literary Criticism." Commentary 77, No. 3 (March 1984): 50-6.
A negative review of Literary Theory, which Alter cites as an example of the wayward and irrelevant critical concerns of poststructuralist and Marxist literary theorists.
Lord, Timothy C. "A Paradigm Case of Polemical History: Terry Eagleton's The Ideology of the Aesthetic." Clio: A Journal of Literature, History, and the Philosophy of History 22, No. 4 (Summer 1993): 337-56.
Delineates and analyzes the characteristics of "polemical history" through the example of Eagleton's The Ideology of the Aesthetic.
Additional coverage of Eagleton's life and career is contained in the following sources published by the Gale Group: Contemporary Authors, Vols. 57-60; Contemporary Authors New Revision Series, Vols. 7, 23, 68; and Major 20th-Century Writers, Editions 1, 2.
(The entire section is 120 words.)
Source: Contemporary Literary Criticism, ©2000 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.


text:
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Mystery Shopping Providers Association members reflect on how technology has impacted mystery shopping for the better.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Eastern European Restaurants in Churchville
Places (7)
Showing 1 - 7 of 7
Churchville Family Restaurant
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Churchville Family Restaurant features a plentiful, affordable menu. Their regular customers are heavy during breakfast hours, but the restaurant...
Marilyn's Cafe & Bakery
Category: Restaurants/Desserts
Owner Marilyn Burke-Zambuto strives to surprise her patrons with a daily changing menu and custom orders. The menu's fresh contents are made with...
Sunny Garden
Category: Restaurants/Asian
Sunny Garden is a small-town chinese restaurant with big-time quality. The restaurant is clean and inviting for those dining in, and take-out orders...
Paulette's Place
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Stone's Countryside Tavern
Category: Restaurants/Sandwiches
Located between Churchville and North Chili, Stone's Countryside Tavern is always bustling. The dining room and bar are open seven days a week, and...
Mama Mia's
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Formerly known as Krony's Pizza, Mama Mia's is still the neighborhood spot for pizza slices and soft serve ice cream. Fast service enables easy...
Johnson House
Category: Restaurants/Seafood
The Johnson House has been attracting diners for more than 30 years under the ownership of the Naughton family. The lounge features live piano...


text:
Tuesday, July 10, 2007
Tips for a successful marriage - 1
– Quickly get used to the idea that someone else will now be addressing your mother as "mom", but don't feel obliged to reciprocate in kind. No new "papas" and "mummies" for me; the existing ones are hard enough to deal with. As my wife says, what you call your in-laws should be a personal choice - do the "mummy-daddy" thing only if it's spontaneous. (What I can't quite figure out: she's been on great terms with my mother for the better part of four years now, and she's been calling her "aunty" all that time, so how is this shift "spontaneous"?)
The whole thing does take some getting used to. A recent phone conversation:
Jai: Hey, what is up.
Abhilasha: Hi, I'm out with mummy, will call you in a while.
J (confused): Your mom's come over?
A: Um, no. I'm with your mom.
J: You know, I'm sure this is all very sweet and good-intentioned on some level, but when you refer to my mother as "mummy" it makes me feel like I've grown a new sister.
(Cold silence)
A: Well, wouldn't that be in keeping with the tradition of incest in your family?
This last remark must be explained. There are lots of second-cousin marriages in my extended family (because apparently no one could find a suitable or willing match in the outside world). This accounts for all the looniness in the current generation. I'm the only sane one, which should tell you something.
– If you've been having nightmares because you're spending too much time studying Chapter 10 of From Hell (you know, the part that has Jack the Ripper alone with Mary Jane Kelly's corpse in her room late at night) and the wife gives you a Hanuman Chaalisa to ward off evil thoughts, DO NOT exclaim, "Cool! The cover of this book has a monkey tearing his chest open to expose a bloodied heart!" It's in bad taste. Or something.
– With the aforementioned Chaalisa under the pillow, you may still continue reading The God Delusion. No conflict – it's like that last scene in Inherit the Wind, with Clarence Darrow balancing the Bible in one hand and the Origin of Species in the other.
– Most important tip of all: separate toilets. Always.
43 comments:
I agree with the separate toilets bit
thoroughly. Let me know if you ever want to holiday in a place where they have built separate toilets for man and woman- but same room.
send me a note. - 7:23 PM, July 10, 2007
- Alok said...
more marriage posts please...
- 8:47 PM, July 10, 2007
- Cute Chunky Chick said...
Hi Jai,
Congratulations on your wedding!
Love reading your blog - you write astoundingly well.
Btw, we worked together at EB way back when, but I don't think you'll remember me! - 11:18 PM, July 10, 2007
- Anita said...
So, what do you call your MIL - Aunty? That is incestuous too, you know! "...but in keeping with tradition..." LOL
But, I agree, it takes some effort before it becomes spontaneous. - 9:54 AM, July 11, 2007
- Jabberwock said...
Anita: yup, I call them aunty and uncle, and that's how it will stay. No incest there - we Indians don't have to be related to our aunties!
Cute chunky chick: name please? Send email if you prefer.
Loony: difficult to send note, seeing that you haven't left a contact address or email ID. - 10:27 AM, July 11, 2007
I thought I had posted this comment but I seem to have not posted it. Aaargh. Anyway here goes:
So my mom, as part of the All Important Pre-Wedding Mother Talk (cept in this case it was All the Talk) expressly mentioned that, no, she did not want to add any more children to her life and so could I ensure that my tobe did not call her "mummy"? Anything would do as long as it was nothing even remotely maternal. Accordingly, its been "aunty" for him.
I, on the other hand, had to do the "Spontaneous Transition" to mummy/papa. I was only consoled by the fact that my MIL brought me breakfast/chai in bed for the year that I stayed with them (the spouse was concurrently living my mom - bizarre arrangement, don't ask) since I was her daughter (I love my SIL!). Oh, and I get to yell at her more than once in a while as part of daughter privileges (which I negotiated hard for - as I told T, if I can't yell at her, I can't call her Mum).
n! - 10:54 AM, July 11, 2007
Also, the separate toilets bit: hmmm I don't know. What about cleaning them? I didn't get married to clean my own toilet!
n! - 10:57 AM, July 11, 2007
- Arthur Quiller Couch said...
Separate toilets, definitely.
- 3:11 PM, July 11, 2007
- Rash said...
He he ...i am the one who did not go through any spontaneous transition and as a result I still "aunty" my ma-in-law. The only probem is when her sisters come along or when she is standing with a group of women, calling her "aunty" makes several heads turn for two reasons: 1. Mil ko Auntie??? 2. kisko bulaya..mujhe ya mujhe ya mujhe :)
- 4:20 PM, July 11, 2007
- Veena said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- 7:36 PM, July 11, 2007
- Veena said...
Hmm...so this is some very N of the Vindhyas type thing. I knew it. We down South (in Tamland) have very clear things to call in-laws and stuff - most commonly, its "maama" and "athai" though it varies by community, location etc.
My parents were extremely puzzled when the boy started calling them "amma" "appa" but they have gotten used to it now. But my extended family still goes crazy when Bill goes and calls them what I call them. This is going to sound complicated but the idea is that we call mom's siblings and dad's siblings by two very different names which doesn't sound too bad but here's where it gets crazt - the spouse is supposed to flip it around. This has got to do with incest actually. There are some people in the family you can get married and some you cannot. Ya ok, I will stop. - 7:38 PM, July 11, 2007
- amit varma said...
Mandatory marriage joke coming up:
Q: How do you propose to Cthulhu?
A: Will you marinate me?
Har har har har! No? - 8:25 PM, July 11, 2007
- Scribbler said...
Oh... gee. you're getting married? man... serious? good luck with that. wish i knew you better to advise you otherwise. anyway. love the blog. keep writing (yea!)
- 9:41 PM, July 11, 2007
Stumbled onto this blog thru' amit's india uncut blog. not apt to posting comments usually, but since this one's on marriage couldn't pass on the opportunity... 2 rules for a successful marriage:
#1 Wife is always right
#2 If wife is wrong, then refer to rule #1
and they lived happily ever after... my deep condolences my friend. :) - 10:03 PM, July 11, 2007
This is off topic, but any idea which is India's best literary or publishing agency? - 11:22 PM, July 11, 2007
:) My hubby still calls my parents Uncle-Aunty but I was told very nicely after the wedding that it's time I shifted to Mom-Dad...
Congratulations on the wedding!
Lakshmi - 12:00 AM, July 12, 2007
Witty !
- 7:44 AM, July 12, 2007
I think its interesting that most of the stories here are of people saying their husbands were free to call in-laws uncle/aunty but the women transition to the "mom-dad" thing! Am I wrong?
Sorry Jwock didn't want to turn your quite sparkling piece into a boring social commentary - just found it intriguing, this difference!
n! - 8:51 AM, July 12, 2007
- Jabberwock said...
I think its interesting that most of the stories here are of people saying their husbands were free to call in-laws uncle/aunty but the women transition to the "mom-dad" thing!
N: I don't think that's surprising or unexpected, given that a) it usually falls to the woman to do the adjusting, even in relatively liberal households, b) the girl has to stay with the guy's parents, not the other way around - which means that the guy can get away with a lot. Consider a situation where both sets of parents feel strongly about being called mom/dad by their new son-in-law/daughter-in-law. In such a case, the guy (who might not have to even meet his in-laws frequently) can do the aunty-uncle thing and ignore the occasional sulk that comes his way. On the other hand, a girl whose in-laws are conservative about these things wouldn't have much option but to go along with tradition; if her in-laws were to get resentful about something like this, it could have serious implications for her day-to-day life. - 9:26 AM, July 12, 2007
- Jabberwock said...
Amit: Are you calling my wife Cthulhu? On Saturday we'll marinate you and serve you whole with the rest of the food as "India Uncut lababdar".
Scribbler: too late to advise otherwise. As the post clearly indicates, I'm already married, not getting married. - 9:34 AM, July 12, 2007
- Amitava Kumar said...
I had always wanted to use that telegram option you can still find at the post office near you: May the heavens shower choicest blessings on the newly-weds. - 10:04 AM, July 12, 2007
Everybody should get married, because Happiness is not everything in life.
- 10:45 AM, July 12, 2007
- amit varma said...
Call your wife Cthulhu? Far from it. Indeed, I wish her a life as interesting as Shub-Niggurath herself. No better wishes could be bestowed!
Of course, that also places some responsibility upon you to help her in begetting "a thousand young." I wish you all the best. - 11:06 AM, July 12, 2007
Umm I call my in-laws "sir" and "Maam" and the wife calls her in-laws "Granny" and "Babu".
To top it, my MiL calls my parents "aunty" and "uncle" because my dad worked with my MiL's dad.
After 11-odd years I guess we've all got comfortable with it,
DD - 2:00 PM, July 12, 2007
- Kits said...
Congrats on getting married. Fab post.My friend who recently got married and she had to call her in-laws Mom and Dad and it wasn't spontaneous..not good scene but she is doing it anyways.
- 2:38 PM, July 12, 2007
- Ghost of TTG said...
- 2:38 PM, July 12, 2007
- J. Alfred Prufrock said...
Make up names for them. Can be great fun.
Or not.
J.A.P. - 4:08 PM, July 12, 2007
Hello Jai
Congratulations and here's wishing a propserous life and tips worthy incidents coming from it. :D
Pratyush - 4:53 PM, July 12, 2007
- MadMan said...
Great post. Especially like the Hanuman Chalisa bit.
- 3:29 AM, July 13, 2007
I went through this some eight years ago, when I realised that I had no daughterly feeling towards my in-laws. So aunty-uncle it had to be. But when it was gently hinted after marriage that it's not how things are supposed to be after marriage, I said, fine, I will address you as parents. But since no one can take the place of my mom-dad, I can call you mataji-pitaji. There was an awkward silence, and the topic has not been broached after that.
Except once when my in-laws' son-in-law (husband's elder sister's husband) asked them pointedly about how I had not started calling them mummy etc. To which MIL retorted, "But you too call me aunty."
By the way, my parents have been addressed as uncle-aunty by all their three sons-in-law. And they have never sulked.
The occasional sulk that you talk about, Jai, is also guaranteed to vanish once there are grandchildren calling out dadi/nani. You, of course, I know, are not likely to advocate that resort. Though I am waiting to see if you do. Some day. - 1:47 PM, July 13, 2007
- P2C2U said...
1) I have actually always wondered about the MIL being addressed as Mummyji/Mom/Mum...how does that not seem odd to people?
2) Aww Man! You're married?? - 7:15 PM, July 13, 2007
- icecreamassassin said...
congratulations, jai. and much luck :)
- 10:59 PM, July 13, 2007
- Gautam Ghosh said...
ouch ! too late to warn you !
The best thing about an inter-regional marriage (she's a Bania and I am Bong) is that you don't need to call your in-laws the same thing you call your parents...
But then, I hardly knew her parents before marriage...
And yes, separate toilets - definitely ! - 1:15 AM, July 14, 2007
- Stories Untold said...
WOW! after 33 comments I'm not even sure I'll get noticed! But Jai and Abhilasha .... congratts! Its quite a step!
I can see Abhilasha truely as "THE BETTER HALF" (she sonds wiser than u)
All the best both of u! - 1:33 AM, July 16, 2007
- frozen in music said...
well..i know nuthin abt all dis...as im too small to think of such things.. - 7:20 PM, July 16, 2007
- Reeta Skeeter said...
I have a frd, newly married, she calls her in-laws as "my mummy" and "my papa", her SIL as "my sister" and I always get confused which 'set' is she talking about! duh! I would not let my husband call my mom his mom NEVER EVER! huh!
- 12:16 PM, July 18, 2007
- Jabberwock said...
I can see Abhilasha truely as "THE BETTER HALF" (she sonds wiser than u)
Surabhi: well, I'm the one who wrote the post, so it could be argued that the "wise Abhilasha" is my creation! (*laughs Pygmalion laugh*) - 11:09 AM, July 21, 2007
Another one bites the dust!!
At least you'll have material for witty posts for some time. So I can look forward to being entertained for at least 2-3 years.
-Amit - 8:40 AM, September 09, 2007
- Raghunandan Jagdish said...
hahaha.... am getting married in jan so a best of luck is in due for me so maybe i'll have a few of these on my blog also...
I love reading your blog... - 11:25 AM, September 21, 2009
plz post some video tips for succesful married life...
- 8:46 PM, October 09, 2009
- Harmanjit Singh said...
The Book of Wife:
http://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/bkwife.html - 12:56 PM, December 29, 2010
Hai Jai...
9 yrs of marriage and calling my parents in law as mom and dad..since my engagement..i really agree that it shud be once personal choice and not enforced upon as to how you call your parents in law.My mil would like to see a daughter in me..but the vice versa can't happen for i have heard my mil tell me that"a daughter is a daughter and a dil is a dil!!!".Very saddening! - 9:45 AM, June 20, 2012
Multilingualism is the key!
My new British husband got a fair few hints (via me, of course, never directly) from my mum and other female 'relations'. He'd lost his Mum 3 years before we married and really couldn't imagine calling anyone else by the same name, no matter how much he adores my mum. So instead of a transition, we worked out a compromise, which I'll admit was very wicked of me.
My non-traditional-in-every-way parents are now called 'sasuma' and 'sasurji' in a British accent!!!
Hilarious! - 7:16 PM, January 09, 2013


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BBB Warns of Robocalls from Telemarketers posing as Local Utility Companies
Friday, November 30th, 2012Better Business Bureau of Southern Arizona is warning of automated telephone calls- or "robocalls"- from a company selling "energy efficiency services," and claiming to be associated with a Southern Arizona utility company.
Sulphur Springs Valley Electric Cooperative (SSVEC), which serves parts of Cochise, Pima, Graham, and Santa Cruz Counties, says that many of their members have been inundated with robocalls from an unknown company, claiming an association with SSVEC in an attempt to sell an in-home energy audit, or solar panel installation.
In other cases the callers are telling SSVEC members that their energy bill is delinquent, and they need the consumer's bank account or credit card number to bring it back up to date.
SSVEC does offer a free in-home energy audit, but will only notify its members of their eligibility by including a notice in their energy bills, through direct mail, or through SSVEC's member magazine, Currents Magazine.
Neither SSVEC nor BBB have been able to identify the company that is placing the robocalls. Calls placed by BBB to the phone numbers consumers reported receiving the robocalls from were not answered, and there was no message service.
BBB has also heard from consumers across Tucson who are receiving similar calls on both land and mobile lines. The calls are coming from several different numbers that have either a 480 or 520 area code. In some cases, these individuals are also being offered a free in-home energy audit. If you have participated in one of these audits and have additional information about the company associated with these calls, please contact BBB at 520-888-5353 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
BBB is also urging consumers to file a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission at www.donotcall.gov if they receive these calls. Under the FTC's Telemarketing Sales Rule all pre-recorded solicitations are illegal, unless the consumer gives the company written permission to contact them in that manner.
BBB also urges consumers who receive calls from marketers claiming to be with a utility company, to notify their local utility, file a complaint with the Arizona Attorney General at www.azag.gov, and notify BBB by calling (520)888-5353.


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NFPA 472, NFPA 473, and Handbook Print/PDF Set, 2013 Edition
Item # HZMAT13P |
The 2013 NFPA 472, NFPA 473 and Handbook Print/PDF Set lets you prepare and protect first responders and medical personnel with comprehensive guidance -- in two easy-to-use formats!
To handle job demands safely and effectively, responders to haz-mat/WMD incidents must meet industry-established competencies and have full access to a wealth of reliable, practical information. Make sure they're prepared with this new Set featuring the latest NFPA 472, NFPA 473, and the Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Response Handbook -- in both print and PDF.
More flexible access for less! Having both print and PDF editions lets you reference requirements and solutions on your tablet, laptop, or smart phone -- even conduct instant searches and copy/paste content.
- The 2013 NFPA 472: Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/WMD Incidents includes three new chapters concerning technicians with specialties in flammable liquids bulk storage, flammable gases bulk storage, and radioactive materials. (Softbound and PDF, 105 pp., 2013)
- The 2013 NFPA 473: Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous Materials/WMD Incidents is revised with a new chapter on ALS responders and a new Annex C: Toxicity and Antidote Tables. (Softbound and PDF, 34 pp., 2013)
- The new Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Response Handbook with the entire texts of the 2013 NFPA 472 and NFPA 473 along with expert interpretation of and commentary on code content. The Handbook provides facts on responder safety, including for technicians with specialties in flammable liquids bulk storage, flammable gases bulk storage, and radioactive materials. Also includes a new chapter in NFPA 473 on ALS responders, plus a new supplement on Response to Petrol Drilling (Fracking). Vertical rules for new material and deletion bullets help you pinpoint changes. (Hardbound and PDF, 704 pp., 2013)
Position your teams for safety and success. Order the 2013 NFPA 472, NFPA 473 and Handbook Print/PDF Set from the Standard source.


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Search results for : | stoma long |
Samurai Crisis
Long ago, before the time of the taicho, there were only 12 clans. Their names are long forgotten, but their legacy continues on.
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Its ranks filled with Lords and Ladies sworn to different fealties, the Long Spears will make its name by its strength.
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The red-headed step-cousin of the LIGE that was originally created for facebook users on long island. Buy/sell/trade gear, post gigs, want ads, and discuss all things music related on long island!
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It's been many long years since the rise and fall of the Storm King. He who once called the storm to his command is long ceased and his legacy, the Storm Regalia, destroyed beside his grave. The Regalia have been scattered with the winds and the king
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Where u can RP all u want about F.M.A as long as its appropriate
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Free forum : Discussion of ELR and/or HTI shooting. Long Range Research Institute
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Here, you can talk about just about anything as long as it isn't pornographic (As given in the rules when this was made)
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This is a forum that allows my old roleplay group to continue to play over long distance
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A place where Arrancar and Shinigami coexist but this peace... How long can it last?
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In between travels, years, and an age, nothing quite bonds people like good conversation
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A gathering of Dungeons and Dragons players, 3.5 edition. Get some, as long as you roll for it first.
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Talk about the long running UK soap.
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This is both a Homestuck and Hivebent RP comprised of original characters. Character submissions are welcome as long as they're coherent and intelligently designed. Check out the forum for more inform
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The Coalition is an alliance in SGW. We welcome all players as long as they are active and willing to contribute to the alliance. In return advice and other rewards will be freely given.
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A rp for everyone with there fursona or persona, we are all in one pack and have various topics on what adventure were on, some short some long. The site leader (ghosty) decides when the RP ends, and she starts a new RP!
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Free forum : Long has SkyClan been forgotten, and few know about it. But the cats who were once raised to a Clan by the fabled Firestar decided that they are going to come to the forest. Now after the
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12 Meetup Groups match "iPhone developers" near Golden, CO
A group dedicated to folks in Colorado who develop iPhone or other mobile applications, are interested in getting into iPhone development, or who just want to learn more about how iOS applications are made. We have monthly meetings in or near downtown Denver related to iOS application development. Anyone who is interested in presenting to the group please email email@example.com Any questions or comments please feel free to shoot me an email at email@example.com or call me directly 720-2 …
There are no upcoming Meetups.
This Meetup is for iOS (iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch) mobile app developers in the Boulder/Denver area to meet, show code, demo apps, learn new techniques, and have fun. We are for iOS developers by iOS developers. We meet on the last Tuesday of the month usually somewhere in downtown Boulder.
This is a small group, professionals and students only, with the specific goal of learning and exploring mobile application development. It involves selecting self study exercises and case studies, connecting with others who are also exploring mobile development, exchanging information and presenting ideas, and learning at all levels. It meets every 4 weeks on Thursday and provides a rough structure to the process of ongoing education as a current or soon to be mobile application developer.
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Bringing together developers looking for work with local businesses and startups that are hiring!
There are no upcoming Meetups.
This is a group for anyone interested in working together with Mobile Assay Inc.(www.mobileassay.com) to develop low-cost mobile diagnostic tests for use on the iOS and Android platform. We recently received a Bill and Melinda Gates Grand Challenge Explorations award to develop our Lab on Mobile Device platform. We would love to meetup with anyone with expertise in image analysis, molecular biology, DNA amplification, App developers, marketing research, agricultural pathogen testing, animal test …
You Denver Cocoaheads chapter meets monthly to geek out on all the frameworks and bits involved in making Mac and iOS apps. We talk about code and technical problems and solutions. You are encouraged to bring and share your code so we can all learn from each other. While we plan to have presentations from time to time, this group is more of a community code study group. We'll be getting down and dirty in the code from here on in. We'll be dissecting member's code, open source frameworks, even a …
This Meetup is for people who want to learn iOS development in the Boulder/Denver area (we are the little sister of the much larger Boulder iOS meetup). This meetup is a bring-your-mac-laptop meetup. We will write code, do exercises, listen to short lectures, and hopefully learn about iOS -- kind of like going to school but without the grades. We meet monthly usually somewhere in downtown Boulder.
There are no upcoming Meetups.
The Mobile Dev Denver user group is a nonprofit group dedicated to establishing a sense of community within the mobile software development space. We do so by fostering a strong network of connected mobile developers in a bi-monthly meeting format. Our meetings are run by a board of coordinators and volunteer members. They are not a platform for individual or corporate marketing, but a delivery of a relevant, platform-agnostic, mobile software development related topic. Anyone can volunteer to p …
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Build fully-native iOS apps with Ruby, in your favorite editor, without having to touch Xcode or Objective-C. All the benefits of Ruby, and fully-native on iOS. The similarities between Ruby and Objective-C are enough that a former Apple employee named Laurent Sansonetti was able to make a compiler for Ruby that outputs native iOS machine code. It was announced in the spring of 2012 and has been in and out of hacker news since. We're intending to make Denver/Boulder a hub for the Ruby Motion co …
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Mobile Monday is a global community started in Finland almost a decade ago and has over 60 chapters worldwide. The organization works with local and global mobile industry visionaries, and developers fostering cooperation and cross-company business development through virtual and live networking events sharing ideas, best practices and trends from global markets. All Mobile Monday Chapters encourage innovation within the mobile sector and help local companies participate in initiatives through …
There are no upcoming Meetups.
So you have an interest in making applications more awesome to use. Well come on and meet others just like you to compare work. App designers, front end developers, UI designers and wannabes of all sorts welcome to bounce ideas.
Get an alert email when new Meetup Groups like this start near you.
You'll get advice, help finding members, and tools to make running a Meetup Group easier.


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You are $75.00 away from FREE Shipping
No inventory is available for the selected product. |
Rated 4 out of 5Â by headwater Too big
Pro: The fabric is really good, not too thick or thin.
Con: My son wears size 10 shoes. It is in between the socks size 6.0 and 7.0 so I ordered size 7.0 for him as recommended. Unfortunately, they are too big for his feet so I will keep them for a while and will order size 6.0 for him.
October 15, 2013
1-1 of 1


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RETSCH PT 200 Rotary Tube Dividers are the prerequisite for the representative, dust-free dividing and reduction of larger samples of bulk material.
- Exact dividing, also of larger quantities
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- Batch and continuous operation possible
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Request info
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Sharing your experience will help scientists like you. Achieve Reviewer Status and Win an iPad 3 (All reviews published will be entered into the next drawing on January 30th 2014).


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Information contained on this page is provided by an independent third-party content provider. WorldNow and this Station make no warranties or representations in connection therewith. If you have any questions or comments about this page please contact email@example.com.
SOURCE KONE Inc.
LISLE, Ill., Oct. 18, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- KONE Inc. today announced that it will supply dozens of eco-efficient elevators and escalators for the renovation of Kyle Field Stadium in College Station, Texas.
"With a project this size, stadium operators must be confident that they're providing visitors with safe and reliable transportation solutions," said Larry Wash, KONE EVP and Area Director for KONE Americas. "We're honored to provide our eco-efficient elevators and escalators, with the added promise of passenger comfort and safety, to one of the largest stadiums in the country."
KONE will supply seven escalators and five elevators for the renovation's first phase, which will begin upon the completion of the 2013 football season. The remaining 14 escalators and eight elevators will be installed in the project's second phase, which will span from the completion of the 2014 season to the start of the 2015 season. Areas outside of the demolition and new work areas will remain open throughout construction. The stadium, when finished will host over 100,000 people.
KONE will maintain the new equipment, in addition to the 300 units it currently maintains as the service provider for Texas A&M University.
For further information, please contact:
Kellie Lindquist, Marketing Manager, KONE Inc., tel. +1 630 955 4202
Previous press releases on KONE's orders in the mass transit market are available at www.kone.com/press including:
About KONE
KONE is one of the global leaders in the elevator and escalator industry. The company has been committed to understanding the needs of its customers for the past century, providing industry-leading elevators, escalators and automatic building doors as well as innovative solutions for modernization and maintenance. The company's objective is to offer the best People Flow™ experience by developing and delivering solutions that enable people to move smoothly, safely, comfortably and without waiting in buildings in an increasingly urbanizing environment. In 2012, KONE had annual net sales of EUR 6.3 billion and around 40,000 employees. KONE class B shares are listed on the NASDAQ OMX Helsinki Ltd in Finland.
©2012 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.


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Missile and launch components have been moved to the east coast of North Korea in the "last few days," a U.S. official with direct knowledge of the information told CNN Thursday.
The apparent deployment comes amid further threatening statements by North Korea and heightened tensions in the region -- a situation that "does not need to get hotter," a U.S. State Department spokeswoman said.
The move of the missile and launch equipment could mean that Pyongyang, which unleashed another round of scathing rhetoric accusing the United States of pushing the region to the "brink of war," may be planning a missile launch soon.
The components, the official said, are consistent with those of a Musudan missile, which has a 2,500-mile range, meaning it could threaten South Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia.
The United States has been looking for a hidden North Korean east coast launch site or mobile launchers, a concern because a launch from the east coast would go over Japan, the official said.
It is believed a missile launch would be a "test" launch rather than a targeted strike. That is because it appears the North Koreans have only moved the components so far. The United States is waiting to see whether North Korea issues a notice to its airmen and mariners to stay out of the region.
Communication intercepts in recent days also seem to show that Pyongyang might be planning to launch a mobile ballistic missile in the coming days or weeks, another U.S. official said.
Earlier, South Korean Defense Minister Kim Kwan-jin told a parliamentary committee in Seoul that the North has moved a medium-range missile to its east coast for an imminent test firing or military drill.
The missile doesn't appear to be aimed at the U.S. mainland, Kim said, according to the semi-official South Korean news agency Yonhap.
Wednesday, the United States announced it was sending ballistic missile defenses to Guam, a Western Pacific territory that is home to U.S. naval and air bases. North Korea has cited those bases when listing possible targets for missile attacks.
The latest developments come amid the disclosure of what one U.S. official calls an Obama administration "playbook" of pre-scripted actions and responses to the last several weeks of North Korean rhetoric and provocations.
Pentagon seeks to 'turn the volume down'
Pentagon officials, while decrying North Korean saber-rattling, said recent announcements of U.S. military deployments in response to belligerent statements by North Korea may have contributed to the escalating tensions between the countries.
As the bombast reaches a fever pitch, the United States is refining its message toward North Korea. The Pentagon now says it is working to decrease the temperature as it maintains a frank and vigilant stance toward Pyongyang's threats.
"We are trying to turn the volume down," a Defense Department official said.
"We accused the North Koreans of amping things up, now we are worried we did the same thing," one Defense Department official said.
State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland denied that there had been a change in tone and defended the U.S. responses.
"The moves that we have been making are designed to ensure and to reassure the American people and our allies that we can defend the United States, that we will and that we can defend our allies," she said.
It was the ratcheting of tensions from North Korea that led to the U.S. shoring up its defense posture, she said.
"But we have also been saying all the way through that this does not need to get hotter, that we can change course here" if North Korea cooperates with the international community.
At the same time, National Security Council spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden said, the United States urged North Korea's leaders "to heed President Obama's call to choose the path of peace and come into compliance with its international obligations."
"Threats and provocative actions will not bring North Korea the security, international respect, and economic development it seeks," she said.
North Korea slams U.S.
The latest tough talk from Pyongyang lashed out at the U.S. military presence in the region.
A spokesman for a North Korean group accused the United States of "hurling" its "nuclear war hardware into the region and pushing the situation on the brink of war," Pyongyang's official news agency reported.


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(21. February 2011) PLS Programmierbare Logik & Systeme presents an optimized test and debug tool specifically for Freescale's ARM® Cortex©-M4 based 32-bit Kinetis microcontroller family in Hall 10, Booth 10.215 at embedded world 2011.
The latest version of the Universal Debug Engine (UDE) 3.0 supports the extended debug and test capabilities of the Cortex-M4 cores, without any limitations of any kind. For example, new technologies such as Serial Wire Viewer (SWV), Instrumentation Trace Macrocell (ITM) and Data Watchpoint and Trace (DWT) allow an observation of systems while the application is running. This is achieved entirely without or only very little change of the timing behavior. The recorded data can be graphically displayed in single form or in linked expressions. A time base for the display can be provided from the host PC or also from the target.
Kinetis MCUs with integrated CoreSight Embedded Trace Macrocell (ETM) open up new additional functions for users such as profiling or code coverage. Furthermore, recordings of the program flow and the display as execution sequence diagram are possible.
The intuitive and individually configurable user interface of the UDE 3.0 offers Kinetis users in addition to unrestricted C/C++ support, a powerful symbol browser, individually configurable toolbars, extensive context related menus and HTML as description language for application-specific windows. At the same time, the use of standard script language ensures a high level of automation.
Embedded Software Engineering Kongress 2013On-chip emulator support: Universal Emulation Configurator (UEC) supports Emulation Devices for graphical definition of measurement (trace) tasks
Read more ...
Freescale TechDays 2013Universal Debug Engine for Cortex-M microcontrollers; Debugging Support for i.MX Application Processors
Crash Courses and TrainingMulticore Debug Solution, MCDS, Architectures, UDE
Universal DebugEngine nowsupports Eclipse 4.xplatforms by anown perspective
New UniversalAccess Devcie 2pro(UAD2pro) enablesalso strong electricallyisolated connectionsto the target
First optimizedtest and debugsolution for thenew AURIX™32-bit multi-core MCUsfrom Infineon
Proven debugsolution for newmulticore auto-motive micro-controllers:MPC57xx (Freescale)and SPC57x (STM)
Optimized debugtools for thenew XMC4000microcontrollerfamily of Infineonavailable now
Complete debugsolution for theDevelopmentDevice of thenew TriCoreMulticoreArchitecture
Kinetis MCUsfrom Freescalebased on Cortex-M4 core supportedby UDE
Complete newtoolchain forPower ArchitectureSoCs fromSTMicroelectronicsand Freescalebased on Eclipse,GNU andUniversal Debug Engine


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What's New?
Is Religious Freedom in Peril?
Kevin's guests are Scripps-Howard columnist and Orthodox Christian Terry Mattingly and Fr. Hans Jacobse of the American Orthodox Institute. They discuss the complex issues surrounding religious freedom as well as the prospects of losing it.
The Nativity Fast
In her own unique way, Sister Vassa explains the history and spiritual benefits of the Nativity Fast. She invites you to sit through the "boring part" in order to get to the practical and beneficial part. Click on the image to the left to be taken to our video section where you can view it.
New Podcast - Sowing Seeds: Building Orthodox Campus Ministry
Learn about the leadership, vision, and direction of the Orthodox Christian Fellowship (OCF) with Executive Director Jennifer Nahas. OCF seeks to support fellowships on college campuses, whose members experience and witness to the Orthodox Church through community life, prayer, service, and study of the Faith.
Orthodox Filmmakers and Artists
On a new "Ancient Faith Presents," Bobby Maddex interviews Chris Vlahonasios, the founder of the Orthodox Filmmakers and Artists blog, as well as the Byzanfest film festival.
Reading God's Books
On this special edition of "Hearts and Minds," Fr. John Oliver, the priest of St. Elizabeth Orthodox Christian Church in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, speaks at a symposium titled "God's Books: Reading Scripture in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam" that was held at the Murfreesboro Mosque this past November.
2013 Family Ministry Conference
Sponsored by the Center for Family Care of the GOA, the 2013 Family Ministry Conference, which was hosted by St. Mary's Greek Orthodox Church in Minneapolis, Minnesota, focused on rooting and grounding our families in Christ and His Church. Listen here to the lecture by His Eminence Archbishop Demetrios.
A Miracle at the Hyatt - The Story of Abbess Aemiliane
Kevin Allen interviews Abbess Aemiliane of the Sacred Monastery of St. Nina about her miraculous rescue in Kansas City when a Sky Walk came crashing down on the public on July 17,1981.
Recent Podcast Episodes
- From the AmvonThe Kingdom of God Is Within You
- Let Us AttendDecember 15, 2013: Luke 14:16-24, Told for Younger Children
- Let Us AttendDecember 15, 2013: Luke 14:16-24, Read for Older Children
- Ancient Faith TodayIs Religious Freedom in Peril?
- Ancient Faith PresentsReport From Syria
- A Voice From The IslesAlive in Christ
- Roads From EmmausOrthodox Christian Morality in Public: Reflections on Sexuality and Bioethics
Recent Video
- Coffee with Sister VassaThe Nativity Fast
- Be The BeeCalled to Be Saints
Daily Bread
- The PathMonday, December 9, 2013
- Saint of the DayThe Conception of the Most Holy Mother of God
- Coffee Cup CommentariesI Corinthians 6:1-6
- The Morning OfferingThe Nativity Fast
- Glorificando a Dios DiariamenteDiciembre 9, 2013


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Mohammad Hussain, 64, works seven days a week and lives in a room in a basement apartment in Jamaica, Queens. He spends his mornings as a newspaper vendor and his afternoons asa custodian at a mosque near his apartment. His rent is $325 a month and his food and transportation expenses vary from month to month. But most months, he spends about $100.
He sends the rest of his earnings to his wife, a housemaid in Elmira, N.Y. While married, they live separately since the two were picked up by U.S. Citizenship and ImmigrationServices (USCIS), or more commonly known as the INS. Back in 2003, the couple bought a house in Elmira, but neither was a U.S. citizen. Authorities received word that they were undocumented residents and were taken into custody.
USCIS released Hussain and his wife on probationary status. Hussain says he meets regularly with the authorities while he tries to take steps to achieve status. His wife faces deportation back to their native India if their cases aren't appealed. The couple has 10 children – most of whom are U.S. Citizens and either in college or off living separate lives. Hussain does not receive support from his children or public assistance, nor does he have health insurance to see a doctor. He awaits a letter from his daughter, a member of the U.S. army, to sponsor his journey towards citizenship.
Hussain's story is one of the concealed realities in New York City. His day-to-day experiences and salary (around $17,000 a year) indicate a growing stratification between the city's rich and poor.
The median household income for the Upper East Side in 2008 was $109,792 — making it the most affluent community district in New York City. The poorest were Mott Haven, Melrose, and Hunts Point with a median household income of $19,911, according to the 2008 Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy's State of the City's Housing and Neighborhoods report.
The median household income in Jamaica, Queens, where Hussain lives was $52,106 in 2008 – he manages to survive on less than half that in a year and have money left over to send to his wife.
In a cash-strapped economy, most have learned to make do with less and found ways to save money by cutting back on the times they go out to eat or canceling a cable subscription. But for some, their wages are just enough to pay for necessities such as food, housing and transportation.
The federal minimum wage is $7.25 an hour or $15,080 a year before taxes (calculated based on a 40-hour work week.) The Self-Sufficiency Standard for New York City, a report released by the Women's Center for Education and Career Advancement in 2010, calculated the amount of money an individual or family would need to make in order to make ends meet in each of the five boroughs.
A single adult such as Hussain living in Queens would have to make $14.77 an hour or $31,185 a year to get by, according to the report. That calculation includes expenses such as housing, food, transportation, health care, taxes, and miscellaneous expenses. Based on that calculation, Hussain would have to earn $590.80 a week – he makes $325.