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in Garden Grove, CA
4 attending
in Los Angeles, CA
4 attending
in Sun Valley, CA
4 attending
in Brea, CA
14 attending
in Lakewood, Ca
14 attending
in Fullerton, CA
10 attending
in Marina del Rey, ca
6 attending
in Pasadena, CA
6 attending
in Los Angeles, CA
4 attending
in Simi Valley, CA
23 attending
39 Meetup Groups match "Tabletop Role Playing and Board Games" near Montebello, CA
This is a group for Players and Game Masters trying to find games to play in the San Fernando Valley. Everything is encouraged: Dungeons & Dragons, Pathfinder, Star Wars, GURPS, World of Darkness, Call of Cthulhu, Burning Wheel, Warhammer, and much more. The HOME page and CALENDAR will display groups actively looking for players, and you can also check out the DISCUSSIONS to find other groups and games, swap RPGs, find locations to play, and so on. Check out the MORE! link for fun and informati …
The IEGA [Inland Empire Gamers Association] This is a Group dedicated to gaming of all types, Miniature and Role Playing. Mostly I want arrange aging in the Western Riverside Aria of Southern California, But we are willing to are willing to other arias of the IE. The Miniatures we will focus on are Axis & Allies Miniatures, Battlefield: Evolution, BattleTech, D&D Miniatures, Halo Clicks, Star Fleet Battles, and WH40k The RPGs will focus on D&D, D20 Modern, Iron Claw/Jade Claw/Furry Outlaws, S …
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Looking to start a Meetup group to play all kinds of Boardgames at my place in Woodland Hills. I have a robust collection of games of all genres.
There are no upcoming Meetups.
This is a group for folks interested in playing in Pathfinder Society Organized Play in the Orange County, CA area. Whether you're as far south as San Diego, as far north as Los Angeles, or in the area for vacation at Disneyland - this group aims to provide you with an outlet to get your Pathfinder RPG on with a bunch of other fun-loving adult gamers!
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Board Game Paradise: Making life more fun, one game at a time. Board Game Paradise is a unique face-to-face gaming experience you won't find anywhere else. In various relaxed cafe environments, BGP game masters will guide you through these one-of-a-kind face-to-face games for parties of 2 to 6. Make new friends; defeat old ones. * We cater to all levels of gaming experience, for an afternoon of entertainment which even game novices will enjoy. Hand-crafted, artisan game boards, unique game piece …
There are no upcoming Meetups.
We are a good group of guys who are into Axis and Allies (the game we play is a massive variant version) The board is 4' x 8'. The rules will be familiar to anyone who has ever played Axis and Allies before. However there are enhancements that make the game more intriguing, more intense and more fun. PLEASE NO WHINERS, RULES JOCKEYS OR SOCIAL MISFITS. Just good guys that want to have fun, make friends and share an experience worth having.
There are no upcoming Meetups.
This is a group for anyone interested in playing board games. We love strategy games, roleplaying games, war games, card games, fantasy games and space games. Hope to see you at our next meetup.
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Hey Gamers! We're a long running Pathfinder Gaming group in West Hills, CA and we're looking to add a couple of players to our game. We play every week, Thursday Nights, from 7:30p until around 11:00p (sometimes earlier, sometimes later). Right now we're finishing up Legacy of Fire, but have a Chapter or two to go. We'll take a break and maybe playing something else and then we'll start up again with new characters on another story arc. We're all players in our 30's and 40's, some with families, …
There are no upcoming Meetups.
This is a group for MMORPG, console, PC, tabletop, and other gamers in the Santa Clarita, San Fernando Valley, Ventura County, and other northern LA region areas. Let's get to know each other and step away from our computers and consoles every once in a while! This group will be primarily aimed at those in their 20s and 30s, but all ages are welcome (bearing in mind that some events might be 21+).
There are no upcoming Meetups.
We're a group interested in playing all sorts of games, Magic the Gathering, Warmachine/Hordes, Warhammer Fantasy and 40K. Currently we will be located permanently at JJ's Game Lounge in the Vons Mall at Mason and Devonshire Streets in Chatsworth .
There are no upcoming Meetups.
The Armchair Strategists was officially founded in 1975 at the California State University at Fullerton. The club soon hosted the first Orange County Simulations Convention, better known as ORCCON, in January of 1977. ORCCON grew into Strategicon, which eventually relocated to LAX. In 2010, thanks in large part to the inspiration of the original Armchair Strategists, SoCal Smackdown brought gaming conventions back to Orange County. And now, in 2011, we're coming full circle by relaunching the g …
The Dead Gamers Society: The So Cal World of Darkness Meetup presents the RPG Lab. A Meetup group where we explore the wide world of RPG's with a emphasis on games the focus on story, character and a lighter array of rules. But, because we are the RPG Lab, we also get to experiment and try new things. The RPG Lab is managed by the Dead Gamers Society a Meetup devoted the World of Darkness series of games. To learn more about the Dead Gamers Society, visit this site at... http://www.meetup.com/ …
Hey Guys - My gaming group is looking to add some new members! We meet on the Westside and play Pathfinder. We're mainly guys in our 30s and 40s; I'm an old-school gamer (been playing D&D in various versions off and on for over 30 years) - but no experience is required if you have enthusiasm!
We are RPG club based out of The Realm Games in Brea California. We meet every Monday from 6:00pm to 10:00pm and we also hold special events throughout the year.
AS FEATURED IN THE FIGHT MAGAZINE! For those of us that are into the more subdued, intellectual side of life and just happen to be queer. Take note that this group will focus more on the book-reading, museum-going, tabletop-gaming, or just generally quiet getting-to-know-you aspect of things... and is likely to be the antithesis of the popper-sniffing, club-going, casual-encounter side of the rainbow. Nerds, geeks and dorks alike are all welcome! This group is also meant to be a safe space for …
There are no upcoming Meetups.
DnDMelt is Los Angeles and Hollywood's Premier Dungeons and Dragons Gaming Community For gamers of all ages and experience levels. Originally formed at Meltdown Comics in 2011, we are a gaming community who throws Monthly events the Second Sunday of every month. 11-4 Room for 4 tables each gaming day.
Meetup details are available only to members.
This is a D&D group for 21 and over please. We meet at a private residence. Please have a profile picture when joining so we know what were getting into. Game nights are Saturday at 5pm. Hope to see you there!
Meet other players local to the greater Los Angeles area! If you like gaming of the highest caliber and want to run the shadows (or trip a Rift or two) with the best, this is the place.
Meetup details are available only to members.
This group is a network of gaming events taking place all around Orange County, with the goal of getting people together to play board games face to face. We're dedicated to the social interaction, intellectual stimulation, and just plain fun that comes out of unplugging from our busy lives, and sitting down with friends to play games that don't require electricity. There's a board gaming Renaissance happening; hundreds of board games are released every year -- many with innovative mechanics, …
Meetup details are available only to members.
Strategies and Starships is a Westside board games event group that combines the joy of board games with the excitement of Artemis. We've hosted one successful meeting already and have come to Meetup to allow for a more organized approach as we continue to move forward.
We have regular Pathfinder Society tables every Tuesday and Thursday night as well as the 2nd and 3rd Saturday of the month!
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Hello and Welcome! We mostly focus on movies, music, anime and geek/nerd culture so if you are a geek/nerd then this is the club for you. We have a facebook page now! http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-RCAG/105243886221420
This is a group for people who enjoy playing board games as much as I do. My local shop has a large selection of games that I am sure I only buy. It is a struggle to pull people from MTG to play a round of Small World or Settlers at the shop so I am inviting a solid core group that can come by on Tuesday nights. We play around 4-12PM.
Hello everyone! This is the first Inland Empire group for board gamers, card gamers, and RPG players who are working professionals. Tired of looking around for a group of game fanatics such as yourselves and want to get in touch with others that have the same responsibilities - families and a busy career - but also have a love for gaming? Don't fret, my UMGs (upwardly-mobile gamers), this group is for you! You don't have to relinquish your collection of board games and card games to the closet. …
Board Gamers play here! All those interested in meeting up to play all types of tabletop board games. The type of games we typically play are Strategy, Card, Euro and many more. There are plenty of shared games to choose from, however, feel free to bring your favorites.
There are no upcoming Meetups.
Board games make for a happy life. Sure, you'd probably rather play Mage Wars or Settlers of Catan or even Trajan. But sometimes we need to go back to our origins! SUPREMACY !!! None of my friends are interested in playing (we've played too much). But I still love it. I figure, all we need is THREE and we're good to go. Even if we only play once a month, that's still a treat! For those unfamiliar with the game, Supremacy is sort of like a much more-complicated version of RISK. You can build armi …
This group was started to bring working entertainment professionals together and engage in the art of storytelling through gaming. At the heart of the group we play heavy thematic games. Through playing games we will naturally gain a better understanding of storytelling. There will be opportunities to deconstruct games and story on an intellectual level, if the interest is there from the members. Are you an old school RPG gamer or do you like thematic boardgames that tell a story? Have you ha …
This Group is being sponsored by the Game Ogre Now, feel free to organize games anywhere you wish the Area they serve is The San Fernando Valley, Santa Clarita, Simi Valley and Burbank areas. Its a brand new store that opens this friday! They have tons of inventory and a separate game room. Located on Nordoff St. behind the Northridge Mall next to Guitar Center and Bev Mo they have over 290 parking spots. Other highlights are: Lots of Scenery 60 inch LCD in the game room to put images, maps or m …
Meetup details are available only to members.
• We are a small group of like-minded friends that share an interest in pc/console video games and tabletop/board games. Located in Rowland Heights, CA, our goal is to find other individuals who share a passion for gaming and various nerd subcultures. While we are predominately an LGBT group, friends and supporters are always welcome. • Group games we have/have played: Pathfinder, Star Wars: Edge of the Empire, 7 Wonders, Settlers of Catan, Magic: The Gathering, Castle Ravenloft, Super Dungeon …
This is the place for Pasadena area D&D players and dungeon masters to meetup! To sign up for a game at our upcoming Meetup, click the Message Board link on the left. The Games List and Signup thread for the next Meetup will always be pinned at the top of the Message Board. We meet at Game Empire in Pasadena on the first Saturday of every month. Games generally start at 10am, 12 noon, 3pm and 5pm. So if you're a player or group of players looking for a DM, or a DM looking for a fun group of pl …
The Dying Kingdoms are prehistoric lands of savage adventure. Civilizations both young and old dot the landscape, vying for supremacy, wealth, and power. As a fantastical world, the lands of the Dying Kingdoms hold a populace of both humans and non-humans, all in different cultures with uneasy relations. Most dangerous of all, monsters roam the unclaimed spaces. Where kingdoms recede as their power fades, creatures of fear slink in. Goblins, nightgaunts, ogres, and worse things now dot the lands …
Get an alert email when new Meetup Groups like this start near you.
You'll get advice, help finding members, and tools to make running a Meetup Group easier.


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Welcome to Inland Waterways
The Heritage Act, 1995 [pdf 96kb] defines 'inland waterways' as canals, canalised sections of rivers and lakes, navigation channels in rivers and lakes, and their associated navigational features. Ireland's inland waterways are integral parts of the communities on their banks and the activities which take place along them. The Heritage Council aims to enhance the enjoyment and appreciation of inland waterways as part of our living heritage, both for this generation and for those to come.
New Heritage Course by Loophead Tourism Network
Loophead Tourism network have developed a training course which will enable participants to identify and utilise the heritage resources of their local area in the development of sustainable tourism products.
Wexford Naturalists' Field Club - Programme 2013
Wexford Naturalists' Field Club has just published their lectures and events programme for 2013.
Climate Change Review
The Heritage Council and Fáilte Ireland commissioned this review to better inform policy, research and grant support. The main findings of the review is that the heritage of Ireland's coast is at particular risk, and that this will impact on tourism-related activities.
Recreational Use of Towpaths (2009)
The purpose is to provide guidance and hopefully inspiration on best practice to those who are involved in the development of waterway towpaths for recreation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Complete inbound email protection — SaaS Email Inbound Filtering is a multilayered, perimeter-based solution that analyzes the email flowing into your organization and blocks spam, viruses, worms, phishing scams, and other malware threats, before they ever reach your network. This solution is backed by more than 20 layers of filtering, our Stacked Classification Framework to detect and stop spam, proprietary WormTraq detection technology to intercept zero-hour mass-mailing worms, content and attachment filtering, and fraud protection.
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Keep email threats far away from your network. McAfee SaaS Email Inbound Filtering works in the cloud to block more than 99% of all spam, viruses, worms, phishing scams, and other inbound email threats outside your network. Our mail exchanger (MX) record-masking technique conceals mail servers from the public Internet to protect against denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, directory harvest attacks, and mail bombs.
Activate your solution in as little as one business day, with a simple MX record redirection. This quick setup and administration further accelerates time to protection.
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SANTA CLARA, Calif., February 01, 2010 - McAfee, Inc. today announced that Everything Channel's CRN has named it one of the "20 Coolest Cloud Security Vendors." The top Cloud Security Vendors include CRN's top 20 picks of the coolest cloud security vendors helping to foster the Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) phenomenon and drive it forward in 2010.
Offering From Recently Acquired MX Logic Receives Top Marks In Ease Of Use, Performance And Support
SANTA CLARA, Calif., September 22, 2009 - McAfee, Inc. (NYSE:MFE), today announced that Complete Security, a product recently obtained during its acquisition of MX Logic, earned one of the highest ratings from SC Magazine in its Fraud Prevention group test. SC Magazine awarded the solution five out of a possible five stars in the following categories: ease of use, performance and support.
McAfee SaaS Email Protection dramatically lowers spam volumes at Holme Roberts & Owen, increasing employee productivity and freeing up network bandwidth.
Jefferson County Public Schools rely on McAfee SaaS Email Protection to block spam, viruses, and worms, dramatically cutting email administration costs.
Topics : Email & Web Security, Security-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Topics : Email & Web Security, Security-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Topics : Security-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Topics : Email & Web Security, Security-as-a-Service (SaaS)
For a technical summary on the McAfee product listed above, please view the product data sheet.


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High Blood Pressure and Kidney Disease
On this page:
- What is high blood pressure?
- How does high blood pressure hurt the kidneys?
- What are the signs and symptoms of high blood pressure?
- What are the signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
- How can kidney damage from high blood pressure be prevented?
- How can blood pressure be controlled?
- Can medicines help control blood pressure?
- Who is at risk for kidney failure related to high blood pressure?
- Points to Remember
- Hope through Research
- For More Information
The kidneys play a key role in keeping a person's blood pressure in a healthy range, and blood pressure, in turn, can affect the health of the kidneys. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, can damage the kidneys and lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD).
What is high blood pressure?
Blood pressure measures the force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels. Extra fluid in the body increases the amount of fluid in blood vessels and makes blood pressure higher. Narrow, stiff, or clogged blood vessels also raise blood pressure.
Hypertension can result from too much fluid in normal blood vessels or from normal fluid in narrow, stiff, or clogged blood vessels.
People with high blood pressure should see their doctor regularly.
How does high blood pressure hurt the kidneys?
High blood pressure makes the heart work harder and, over time, can damage blood vessels throughout the body. If the blood vessels in the kidneys are damaged, they may stop removing wastes and extra fluid from the body. The extra fluid in the blood vessels may then raise blood pressure even more. It's a dangerous cycle.
High blood pressure is one of the leading causes of kidney failure, also called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). People with kidney failure must either receive a kidney transplant or have regular blood-cleansing treatments called dialysis. Every year, high blood pressure causes more than 25,000 new cases of kidney failure in the United States.1
1United States Renal Data System. USRDS 2007 Annual Data Report. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2007.
What are the signs and symptoms of high blood pressure?
Most people with high blood pressure have no symptoms. The only way to know whether a person's blood pressure is high is to have a health professional measure it with a blood pressure cuff. The result is expressed as two numbers. The top number, called the systolic pressure, represents the pressure when the heart is beating. The bottom number, called the diastolic pressure, shows the pressure when the heart is resting between beats. A person's blood pressure is considered normal if it stays at or below 120/80, which is commonly stated as "120 over 80." People with a systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 or a diastolic blood pressure of 80 to 89 are considered prehypertensive and should adopt lifestyle changes to lower their blood pressure and prevent heart and blood vessel diseases. A person whose systolic blood pressure is consistently 140 or higher or whose diastolic pressure is 90 or higher is considered to have high blood pressure and should talk with a doctor about the best ways to lower it.
What are the signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Early kidney disease is a silent problem, like high blood pressure, and does not have any symptoms. People may have CKD but not know it because they do not feel sick. A person's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of how well the kidneys are filtering wastes from the blood. GFR is estimated from a routine measurement of creatinine in the blood. The result is called the estimated GFR (eGFR).
Creatinine is a waste product formed by the normal breakdown of muscle cells. Healthy kidneys take creatinine out of the blood and put it into the urine to leave the body. When the kidneys are not working well, creatinine builds up in the blood.
An eGFR with a value below 60 milliliters per minute (mL/min) suggests some kidney damage has occurred. The score means that a person's kidneys are not working at full strength.
Another sign of CKD is proteinuria, or protein in the urine. Healthy kidneys take wastes out of the blood but leave protein. Impaired kidneys may fail to separate a blood protein called albumin from the wastes. At first, only small amounts of albumin may leak into the urine, a condition known as microalbuminuria, a sign of failing kidney function. As kidney function worsens, the amount of albumin and other proteins in the urine increases, and the condition is called proteinuria. CKD is present when more than 30 milligrams of albumin per gram of creatinine is excreted in urine, with or without decreased eGFR.
How can kidney damage from high blood pressure be prevented?
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), recommends that people with CKD use whatever therapy is necessary, including lifestyle changes and medicines, to keep their blood pressure below 130/80.
How can blood pressure be controlled?
The NHLBI recommends five lifestyle changes that help control blood pressure. People with prehypertension or high blood pressure should
- maintain their weight at a level close to normal.
- eat fresh fruits and vegetables, grains, and low-fat dairy foods.
- limit their daily salt, or sodium, intake to 2,000 milligrams. They should limit frozen foods and trips to fast food restaurants. They should read nutrition labels on packaged foods to learn how much sodium is in one serving. Keeping a sodium diary can help monitor sodium intake.
- get plenty of exercise-at least 30 minutes of moderate activity, such as walking, cycling, or swimming, most days of the week.
- avoid consuming too much alcohol. Men should have no more than two drinks-two 12-ounce servings of beer or two 5-ounce servings of wine or two 1.5-ounce servings of hard liquor-a day. Women should have no more than a single serving a day because differences in the way foods are broken down in the body make women more sensitive to the effects of alcohol.
Can medicines help control blood pressure?
Many people need medicine to control high blood pressure. Several effective blood pressure medicines are available. The most common types of blood pressure medicines doctors prescribe are diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Two of these medicines, the ACE inhibitors and ARBs, have an added protective effect on the kidneys. Studies have shown that ACE inhibitors and ARBs reduce proteinuria and slow the progression of kidney damage. Diuretics, also known as "water pills," help a person urinate and get rid of excess fluid in the body. A combination of two or more blood pressure medicines may be needed to keep blood pressure below 130/80.
Who is at risk for kidney failure related to high blood pressure?
Everyone has some risk of developing kidney failure from high blood pressure. African Americans, however, are more likely than Caucasians to have high blood pressure and its related kidney problems—even when their blood pressure is only mildly elevated. In fact, African Americans are six times more likely than Caucasians to develop hypertension-related kidney failure.2
People with diabetes also have a greater risk of developing kidney failure. Early management of high blood pressure is especially important for African Americans with diabetes.
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), also part of the NIH, sponsored the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) to find effective ways to prevent high blood pressure and kidney failure in this population. The results, published in the November 20, 2002, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, showed that an ACE inhibitor was the most effective drug at slowing the progression of kidney disease in African Americans. While ACE inhibitors help reduce the risk of kidney disease, they are less effective in lowering blood pressure in African Americans than in Caucasians.
2United States Renal Data System. USRDS 2007 Annual Data Report. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2007.
Points to Remember
- Every year, high blood pressure causes more than 25,000 new cases of kidney failure in the United States.
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is present when the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is below 60 milliliters per minute (mL/min).
- More than 30 milligrams of albumin per gram of creatinine in a urine sample is another sign of CKD.
- People with CKD should try to keep their blood pressure below 130/80.
- Two groups of medicines called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) lower blood pressure and have an added protective effect on the kidneys.
- African Americans are six times more likely than Caucasians to develop hypertension-related kidney failure.
- Early management of high blood pressure is especially important for African Americans with diabetes.
Hope through Research
In recent years, researchers have learned a great deal about kidney disease. The NIDDK sponsors several programs aimed at understanding kidney failure and finding treatments to stop its progression.
The NIDDK's Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases supports basic research into normal kidney function and the diseases that impair normal function, including diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease.
Participants in clinical trials can play a more active role in their own health care, gain access to new research treatments before they are widely available, and help others by contributing to medical research. For information about current studies, visit www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
For More Information
American Kidney Fund
6110 Executive Boulevard, Suite 1010
Rockville, MD 20852
Phone: 1-800-638-8299
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Internet: www.kidneyfund.org
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Information Center
P.O. Box 30105
Bethesda, MD 20824-0105
Phone: 301-592-8573
Email: email@example.com
Internet: www.nhlbi.nih.gov
National Kidney Foundation
30 East 33rd Street
New York, NY 10016
Phone: 1-800-622-9010 or 212-889-2210
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Internet: www.kidney.org
You may also find additional information about this topic by visiting MedlinePlus at www.medlineplus.gov.
This publication may contain information about medications. When prepared, this publication included the most current information available. For updates or for questions about any medications, contact the U.S. Food and Drug Administration toll-free at 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332) or visit www.fda.gov. Consult your doctor for more information.
National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse
3 Information Way
Bethesda, MD 20892–3580
Phone: 1–800–891–5390
Fax: 703–738–4929
Email: email@example.com
Internet: www.kidney.niddk.nih.gov
The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIC) is a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The NIDDK is part of the National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Established in 1987, the Clearinghouse provides information about diseases of the kidneys and urologic system to people with kidney and urologic disorders and to their families, health care professionals, and the public. The NKUDIC answers inquiries, develops and distributes publications, and works closely with professional and patient organizations and Government agencies to coordinate resources about kidney and urologic diseases.
Publications produced by the Clearinghouse are carefully reviewed by both NIDDK scientists and outside experts. This publication was originally reviewed by Vito M. Campese, M.D., University of Southern California, and Matthew Weir, M.D., University of Maryland. The 2008 version of this publication was reviewed by Eduardo Ortiz, M.D., National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
This publication is not copyrighted. The Clearinghouse encourages users of this publication to duplicate and distribute as many copies as desired.
NIH Publication No. 08-4572
July 2008
Page last updated: September 2, 2010


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* Revenue for the quarter increased 31 per cent at fixed exchange rates and 19 per cent in SEK to the record level of SEK 1,775 M (1,485).
* Operating profit for the second quarter rose 25 per cent to SEK 389 M (311), corresponding to an operating margin of 21.9 per cent (20.9).
* The interim period's profit after tax was SEK 520 M (358).
* Earnings per share for the quarter were the highest ever posted and amounted to SEK 1.89 (1.46). Earnings per share were 3.57 (2.46) for the six-month period.
* Investments in emerging markets continued during the quarter, including the inauguration of a distribution centre in China
Interim report Q2 2011


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on all orders over $25* *see details ● view our holiday shipping calendar
**Valid on ground and economy shipping methods only. Not valid on any other shipping method. Order total determined after any other discounts are applied and does not include any applicable taxes. Offer subject to change without notice. Limited time offer.
Order deadlines for delivery by 12/24*
Shipping Method | Order Deadline |
FedEx Ground | December 16th, 2pm Eastern |
FedEx Standard | December 18th, 2pm Eastern |
FedEx 2 Day | December 19th, 2pm Eastern |
FedEx Overnight | December 20th, 2pm Eastern |
home > Girls > Shop by Age > Juniors (Ages 7+) > Boys' Duet Sport Realtree® Clog
Boys' Duet Sport Realtree® Clog
Tough on the ground, easy on his feet. Soft upper with Realtree® camouflage and cushy footbed are complemented by a more durable outsole for his rough and tumble action. Heel strap ensures it stays put!
Boys' Duet Sport Realtree® Clog details:
- Dual-density construction: softer Croslite™ material uppers and footbed; more durable Croslite™ material for outsole
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Our most important brand has enjoyed over 100 years of success and is today one of the world's largest skin care brands.
Brand History
in-cosmetics has teamed up with Beiersdorf to give all exhibitors the chance to participate in a unique idea contest - the Beiersdorf Innovation Pitch.
Learn more about our projects and achievements in 2012 and the current status of our 2020 commitments.
Find a selection of Beiersdorf's photo, footage and video materials for easy and quick download here.
Please find here the Full Year Report 2012 of Beiersdorf AG
We believe in an open, integrative corporate culture. Each and every employee contributes to the company's success and continuing development.
Learning from the skin – Beiersdorf's researchers have been following this guiding principle since the company's beginnings 130 years ago. And today at the Hamburg Research Center, over 530 scientists work with deep dedication and great success on unlocking the skin's complex processes in order to develop better and better skin care products on the basis of this newfound knowledge. Their findings on the skin's own or other natural ingredients that control and stimulate the metabolic processes in both individual skin cells as well as the skin as an entire organ have been incorporated and continue to be incorporated into new products from Beiersdorf's brands. This is because early and continuous skin care is not only related to attractiveness and wellbeing – Beiersdorf's products also play a crucial role in the skin health.
Since the very beginning, the Beiersdorf company and its dermatological expertise have been synonymous with groundbreaking innovations – even the introduction of Eucerin (1900) and NIVEA Creme (1911) was based on systematic advancements to emulsions which were achieved working in close collaboration with dermatological researchers. Beiersdorf has remained true to this principle until today – demonstrated by the discovery of the skin-rejuvenating and wrinkle-reducing coenzyme Q10 and the excellent skin-moisturizing properties of the ingredient Hydra IQ, as well as the invention of the first deodorant that protects against textile discoloration or stress-induced perspiration.
Over the course of the company's history, the broad range of technical expertise contained within the Beiersdorf Research Center has repeatedly led to methods of analyzing and evaluating the effectiveness of skin care products designed and tested by Beiersdorf becoming industry-wide and global standards. One example of this is the skin protection factor, which makes it possible to scientifically compare the effectiveness of sunscreen products. Beiersdorf Research played a key role in the development and establishment of its measurement procedure, and the company had already begun to indicate the sun protection factor on NIVEA sunscreen products back in 1975.
The quality of Beiersdorf products is not based only on dermatological expertise, however, but also on profound knowledge of consumer's desires and needs. Beiersdorf brands are extremely well-trusted all over the world – not least because they are remarkably gentle on the skin. But the needs of human skin and for body care are different, varying according to skin type, age, or gender, as well as weather conditions and specific ethnic or culture characteristics. In order to better and more quickly meet the needs of consumers in all parts of the world, in 2013 Beiersdorf will establish regional research and development laboratories in China and Mexico.
5/31/2013 - In 2050, the Earth will be home to well over a billion people over the age of 60. One of the consequences of this demographic shift will be an increase in age-related skin changes. Beiersdorf is taking on this development by doing research in the scientific network AgeNet ...
From the Idea to a Finished Product
It is often a long process to develop an idea into a finished product. Here you can follow the development process from searching for an ingredient to a jar of cream sitting on a retailer's shelf.
Innovation Highlights
Today, Beiersdorf can look back on over 130 years of skin care expertise. Over the years, the company repeatedly set new standards with its innovative products and will continue to do so in the future.
Skin Research
Uncovering natural active principles for even better skin care calls for researchers with expertise, perseverance, creativity, and a love of the skin. The results of this research work are the key to the success of Beiersdorf's care products.
Worldwide Skin Care
The individuality of skin is the beginning of every product development at Beiersdorf's skin research center. And because consumers' needs are different around the globe, Beiersdorf has product development labs and market research teams in different continents.
Open Innovation
Beiersdorf integrates external knowledge into its product development. Through our Open Innovation initiative universities, institutes, raw material manufacturers as well as individuals can submit their ideas.
Beiersdorf is an Appealing Partner for Ph.D Students
Our Skin Research Center is one of the leading institutes of the world. It offers a Ph.D program with exciting research topics and everything needed for a successful doctoral thesis like excellent trainings ands support by scientists of Beiersdorf as well as of partner universities.


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Noritake "Silver Palace" Completer Pieces (pattern #4773). 1 Large Oval Platter; 1 Round Vegetable BowlFine, formal Bone China with elegant embossed enamel pattern. Finished with lavish platinum band. Chip resistant. Dishwasher safe.NEVER USED. Mint condition... More info Email a friend |
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Traditionally, Koreans have counted their age by how many lunar new years they have experienced. Thus, in Korea, the start of the lunar year is everybody's birthday. The start of the Korean New Year is called Solnal.
On this occasion a special soup is served, the ttokkuk, a rice-cake soup, sometimes with dumplings, in which case it is called ttok-mandukuk. It is said that a person who does not eat his ttokkuk will not grow older. Hence the question to children: 'How many ttokkuk have you eaten?' really means 'How old are you?' and the correct answer is not 'Five cups', but 'I am five years old.' If the soup contains dumplings you must eat a dumpling for every year of your age. Clearly this is easier to do at five than at fifty!
Like the Western New Year, Solnal is a time for new beginnings and reconciling old differences. The tradition is to visit the home of the oldest living male of one's family and pay homage to the elders, living and dead. A straw rice sieve is hung on the door to bring good luck and drive away evil spirits.
In the West, as in Korea, people often make New Year's resolutions. On New Year's Day, the 1st of January, they may give up smoking, drinking alcohol, or otherwise try to change their ways. Unlike in Korea, however, it is an accepted fact that a lot of people will have given up on these resolutions even before the first month of the year is out. Some people say that making great life changes is too difficult in the middle of winter and should be done a little later – for example at the lunar new year, along with many Asians!


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Of all the automakers trying to generate buzz on the Detroit auto show's first day, Toyota Motor Co. made the most noise.
The company rolled out a concept design for the Corolla, one of its most important models, and announced preliminary sales figures showing that it has regained the title of world's largest automaker from General Motors Co.
Called the Furia, the new-concept Corolla, with its severely raked windshield and bulging fenders, marks a radical departure from the past and signals a wider effort by Toyota to shed its conservative image and make cars that ignite consumer passion.
"Iconic dynamism" is how the automaker describes the design language of the Furia concept. How much of that dynamism makes its way into the production model remains to be seen. Toyota offered no details on plans for horsepower, torque and handling capabilities. Nor did the company say when the next Corolla will hit the street.
Whenever it arrives, the car will have a huge effect on Toyota's future bottom line and its reputation in a hot and growing segment, analysts said.
"This car is very important to Toyota," said Jessica Caldwell, an analyst with auto information company Edmunds.com. "With the explosion of subcompact cars in the past few years, coupled with the demise of large cars, compact cars suddenly find themselves as the 'middle size' for American consumers."
Last redesigned for the 2009 model year, the Corolla is overdue for an overhaul. With its dated exterior and old-school trappings such as a four-speed automatic transmission, the current model "is old in the segment of small vehicles that have gotten a lot of attention in the past few years," Caldwell said.
The car plays a key role in Toyota's success. It's the second-best-selling compact car in the U.S., with 291,000 sold last year, second only to the Honda Civic, which sold about 318,000.
The more aggressive design philosophy applies across the company, said Mark Templin, the global product and marketing manager for the automaker's Lexus division. Toyota isn't so much chasing volume as it is trying to design compelling cars, he said. His marching orders from Chief Executive Akio Toyoda are to "build cars that are fun to drive."
"Akio expects us to change the way the company behaves," Templin said. "He wants us to show the rest of the company how we can move fast, how we can make quicker decisions, take risks. He expects us to have fantastic design and great driving dynamics."
Toyota isn't known for its flash or risk taking. In fact, its boring-but-reliable reputation has served it for decades and helped it once again take the No. 1 sales spot.
The automaker estimated Monday that it has overtaken General Motors as the global sales leader on the strength of a 22% sales increase last year, to 9.7 million vehicles. Those numbers will be finalized at the end of this month. GM said Monday that its 2012 sales got a 2.9% boost.
By any measure, Toyota has executed a quick turnaround from safety recalls as well as production problems stemming from the 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami.
In the last few years Toyota has suffered a series of embarrassing recalls and government fines related to incidents of unintended acceleration.
But the Japanese automaker has continued to push forward, launching about a dozen new or completely redesigned models in the U.S. in the last year, including new wagon and commuter versions of its popular Prius hybrids. At the Los Angeles Auto Show in November, it launched a new-generation RAV4 sport utility vehicle, an aging model facing stiff competition from newly redesigned competitors such as Ford Motor Co.'s Escape and Honda Motor Co.'s CR-V.
Toyota executives say both the RAV4 and the Corolla concept unveiled Monday embody the automaker's desire to push the envelope. Though some concepts bear no resemblance to production cars, Toyota says the Corolla Furia "hints at the styling cues consumers can expect to see in the next Corolla."
Since 1968, the Corolla has sold millions of copies with its unwavering embrace of the practical — some might call the current model plain, even homely. But the company now speaks, somewhat self-consciously, in soaring terms of its new focus on aggressive styling.
Bill Fay, Toyota's group vice president and general manager, acknowledged in a statement that the Furia design study "will surprise a lot of people."


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Tag: Virginia Coast Reserve eelgrass
Marine Restoration Week: The Future of Sea Grass & Shellfish Restoration Science
June 7, 2013
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Eelgrass and shellfish restoration programs are among the most successful in The Nature Conservancy's marine portfolio — but what's left to understand or implement? Bo Lusk, marine steward with The Nature Conservancy's Virginia Coast Reserve program, discusses both the science we still need to accelerate the impact of sea grass and shellfish restoration, and what science we already have that should be applied more widely.
What is Cool Green Science?
Featured Content
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- RT @SBaruchMordo: Thank you all for a gr8 #TNCsci mtng!!! Learned lots, met new colleagues & friends, and had fun! Proud to be part of @nat…
- RT @kelseyrodd: @stephaniewear #TNCsci : Can we save coral reefs and dramatically improve human health by improving how we deal with "poop"
- MT @MartyDowns: Remember-we are not always the best messengers - find an ally #TNCsci
- Population & economic development may have greater impact than #climate on #foodsecurty through 2050: http://t.co/umPJMfKQZs via @EnvSciTech
- Dan Kahan: Find ways to talk that avoid division. @cult_cognition #TNCsci
Blogroll: Conservation and Science
- 10,000 Birds
- Bird Freak
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- Carl Zimmer's The Loom
- Climate Compass
- Collide-a-scape
- Conservation Biology Institute
- Conservation Bytes
- Conservation Magazine
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- Dynamic Ecology
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- Eat More Brook Trout
- Environmental Leader
- Gary Paul Nabhan
- God of Wednesday
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- I, Science
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- Mongabay
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- NRDC Blogs
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Eurostar Breaks
Our great value Eurostar Breaks are the ideal way to explore some of the best European city break destinations including Paris, Disneyland Paris, Lille, Brussels, Bruges, Ghent, Antwerp and Ostend. Travelling from London on any one of our Eurostar City Breaks is simple, convenient and great value for money, plus there is complete flexibility to combine with rail travel from your local station.
Travel in style and comfort on our Eurostar Short Breaks and enjoy a quick and easy check in, reserved and comfortable seats and a bar buffet serving drinks and light refreshments. Upgrades can be made to our Eurostar Breaks for a small supplement to Standard Premier and you will enjoy spacious and comfortable seating, a selection of complimentary magazines on board, a complimentary light meal and drinks served at your seat. On our Eurostar Breaks you could be shopping in Lille in just 1 hour 30 minutes, exploring the historic capital of Brussels in under 2 hours and soaking up the atmosphere of Paris in 2 hours and 20 minutes. With a wide range of hotels available throughout Europe from 5 star luxury and boutique hotels to 2 star value hotels there will be something for everyone on our Eurostar City Breaks.
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Explore this beautiful Belgian town on a Eurostar break to Liege, a diverse and cosmopolitan city with plenty to do.
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Visit Belgium's stunning city by the sea and discover miles of coastline, sandy beaches, an array of attractions and world class dining.
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Lille is an ideal destination for your Eurostar break, with stunning architecture, cobbled streets and a great selection of cafes there is plenty to do in this city.
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The diamond capital of Belgium Antwerp is a fascinating medieval town. Close to Brussels it is easy to get to and brimming with things to discover.
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Simple yet elegant T-strap flat jeweled sandals from the Anna collection. The Jeffrey-13 pairs well with a bright patterned dress. PU and fabric Jeweled square accent Thong T-strap Padded sole Rubber outsole Lining: man-made
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Introduction to How Hearing Works
Ear diagram courtesy NASA Your ear is a delicate and detailed sensory organ. See more human senses pictures. |
Your ears are extraordinary organs. They pick up all the sounds around you and then translate this information into a form your brain can understand. One of the most remarkable things about this process is that it is completely mechanical. Your sense of smell, taste and vision all involve chemical reactions, but your hearing system is based solely on physical movement.
In this article, we'll look at the mechanical systems that make hearing possible. We'll trace the path of a sound, from its original source all the way to your brain, to see how all the parts of the ear work together. When you understand everything they do, it's clear that your ears are one of the most incredible parts of your body!
To understand how your ears hear sound, you first need to understand just what sound is.
An object produces sound when it vibrates in matter. This could be a solid, such as earth; a liquid, such as water; or a gas, such as air. Most of the time, we hear sounds traveling through the air in our atmosphere.
When something vibrates in the atmosphere, it moves the air particles around it. Those air particles in turn move the air particles around them, carrying the pulse of the vibration through the air.
To see how this works, let's look at a simple vibrating object: a bell. When you hit a bell, the metal vibrates -- flexes in and out. When it flexes out on one side, it pushes on the surrounding air particles on that side. These air particles then collide with the particles in front of them, which collide with the particles in front of them, and so on. This is called compression.
When the bell flexes away, it pulls in on the surrounding air particles. This creates a drop in pressure, which pulls in more surrounding air particles, creating another drop in pressure, which pulls in particles even farther out. This pressure decrease is called rarefaction.
In this way, a vibrating object sends a wave of pressure fluctuation through the atmosphere. We hear different sounds from different vibrating objects because of variations in the sound wave frequency. A higher wave frequency simply means that the air pressure fluctuation switches back and forth more quickly. We hear this as a higher pitch. When there are fewer fluctuations in a period of time, the pitch is lower. The level of air pressure in each fluctuation, the wave's amplitude, determines how loud the sound is. In the next section, we'll look at how the ear is able to capture sound waves.
Catching Sound Waves
We saw in the last section that sound travels through the air as vibrations in air pressure. To hear sound, your ear has to do three basic things:
- Direct the sound waves into the hearing part of the ear
- Sense the fluctuations in air pressure
- Translate these fluctuations into an electrical signal that your brain can understand
The pinna, the outer part of the ear, serves to "catch" the sound waves. Your outer ear is pointed forward and it has a number of curves. This structure helps you determine the direction of a sound. If a sound is coming from behind you or above you, it will bounce off the pinna in a different way than if it is coming from in front of you or below you. This sound reflection alters the pattern of the sound wave. Your brain recognizes distinctive patterns and determines whether the sound is in front of you, behind you, above you or below you.
Ear diagram courtesy NASA |
Your brain determines the horizontal position of a sound by comparing the information coming from your two ears. If the sound is to your left, it will arrive at your left ear a little bit sooner than it arrives at your right ear. It will also be a little bit louder in your left ear than your right ear.
Bodily Sensations The
nervous system determines the countless sensations we feel all over our
bodies every day. How does this work? What causes your leg to feel
tingly when it falls asleep? How do you know when you're about to
sneeze? This activity from Discovery Channel explains how sensations are produced in the body. |
Since the pinnae face forward, you can hear sounds in front of you better than you can hear sounds behind you. Many mammals, such as dogs, have large, movable pinnae that let them focus on sounds from a particular direction. Human pinnae are not so adept at focusing on sound. They lay fairly flat against the head and don't have the necessary muscles for significant movement. But you can easily supplement your natural pinnae by cupping your hands behind your ears. By doing this, you create a larger surface area that can capture sound waves better. In the next section, we'll see what happens as a sound wave travels down the ear canal and interacts with the eardrum.
The Eardrum
Once the sound waves travel into the ear canal, they vibrate the tympanic membrane, commonly called the eardrum. The eardrum is a thin, cone-shaped piece of skin, about 10 millimeters (0.4 inches) wide. It is positioned between the ear canal and the middle ear. The middle ear is connected to the throat via the eustachian tube. Since air from the atmosphere flows in from your outer ear as well as your mouth, the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum remains equal. This pressure balance lets your eardrum move freely back and forth
The eardrum is rigid, and very sensitive. Even the slightest air-pressure fluctuations will move it back and forth. It is attached to the tensor tympani muscle, which constantly pulls it inward. This keeps the entire membrane taut so it will vibrate no matter which part of it is hit by a sound wave.
Ear illustration courtesy NIDCD Normal ear anatomy |
This tiny flap of skin acts just like the diaphragm in a
microphone. The compressions and rarefactions of sound waves push the
drum back and forth. Higher-pitch sound waves move the drum more
rapidly, and louder sound moves the drum a greater distance.
The eardrum can also serve to protect the inner ear from prolonged exposure to loud, low-pitch noises. When the brain receives a signal that indicates this sort of noise, a reflex occurs at the eardrum. The tensor tympani muscle and the stapedius muscle suddenly contract. This pulls the eardrum and the connected bones in two different directions, so the drum becomes more rigid. When this happens, the ear does not pick up as much noise at the low end of the audible spectrum, so the loud noise is dampened.
In addition to protecting the ear, this reflex helps you concentrate your hearing. It masks loud, low-pitch background noise so you can focus on higher-pitch sounds. Among other things, this helps you carry on a conversation when you're in a very noisy environment, like a rock concert. The reflex also kicks in whenever you start talking -- otherwise, the sound of your own voice would drown out a lot of the other sounds around you.
The eardrum is the entire sensory element in your ear. As we'll see in the coming sections, the rest of the ear serves only to pass along the information gathered at the eardrum.
Amplifying Sound
We saw in the last section that the compressions and rarefactions in sound waves move your eardrum back and forth. For the most part, these changes in air pressure are extremely small. They don't apply much force on the eardrum, but the eardrum is so sensitive that this minimal force moves it a good distance.
As we'll see in the next section, the cochlea in the inner ear conducts sound through a fluid, instead of through air. This fluid has a much higher inertia than air -- that is, it is harder to move (think of pushing air versus pushing water). The small force felt at the eardrum is not strong enough to move this fluid. Before the sound passes on to the inner ear, the total pressure (force per unit of area) must be amplified.
This is the job of the ossicles, a group of tiny bones in the middle ear. The ossicles are actually the smallest bones in your body. They include:
- The malleus, commonly called the hammer
- The incus, commonly called the anvil
- The stapes, commonly called the stirrup
Sound waves vibrate the eardrum, which moves the malleus, incus and stapes. |
The malleus is connected to the center of the eardrum, on the inner
side. When the eardrum vibrates, it moves the malleus from side to side
like a lever. The other end of the malleus is connected to the incus,
which is attached to the stapes. The other end of the stapes -- its faceplate -- rests against the cochlea, through the oval window.
When air-pressure compression pushes in on the eardrum, the ossicles move so that the faceplate of the stapes pushes in on the cochlear fluid. When air-pressure rarefaction pulls out on the eardrum, the ossicles move so that the faceplate of the stapes pulls in on the fluid. Essentially, the stapes acts as a piston, creating waves in the inner-ear fluid to represent the air-pressure fluctuations of the sound wave.
The ossicles amplify the force from the eardrum in two ways. The main amplification comes from the size difference between the eardrum and the stirrup. The eardrum has a surface area of approximately 55 square millimeters, while the faceplate of the stapes has a surface area of about 3.2 square millimeters. Sound waves apply force to every square inch of the eardrum, and the eardrum transfers all this energy to the stapes. When you concentrate this energy over a smaller surface area, the pressure (force per unit of volume) is much greater. To learn more about this hydraulic multiplication, check out How Hydraulic Machines Work.
The configuration of ossicles provides additional amplification. The malleus is longer than the incus, forming a basic lever between the eardrum and the stapes. The malleus moves a greater distance, and the incus moves with greater force (energy = force x distance).
This amplification system is extremely effective. The pressure applied to the cochlear fluid is about 22 times the pressure felt at the eardrum. This pressure amplification is enough to pass the sound information on to the inner ear, where it is translated into nerve impulses the brain can understand.
Fluid Wave
The cochlea is by far the most complex part of the ear. Its job is to take the physical vibrations caused by the sound wave and translate them into electrical information the brain can recognize as distinct sound.
The cochlea structure consists of three adjacent tubes separated from each other by sensitive membranes. In reality, these tubes are coiled in the shape of a snail shell, but it's easier to understand what's going on if you imagine them stretched out. It's also clearer if we treat two of the tubes, the scala vestibuli and the scala media, as one chamber. The membrane between these tubes is so thin that sound waves travel as if the tubes weren't separated at all.
The piston action of the stapes moves the fluid in the cochlea. This causes a vibration wave to travel down the basilar membrane. |
The stapes moves back and forth, creating pressure waves in the entire cochlea. The round window membrane separating the cochlea from the middle ear gives the fluid somewhere to go. It moves out when the stapes pushes in and moves in when the stapes pulls out.
The middle membrane, the basilar membrane, is a rigid surface that extends across the length of the cochlea. When the stapes moves in and out, it pushes and pulls on the part of the basilar membrane just below the oval window. This force starts a wave moving along the surface of the membrane. The wave travels something like ripples along the surface of a pond, moving from the oval window down to the other end of the cochlea.
The basilar membrane has a peculiar structure. It's made of 20,000 to 30,000 reed-like fibers that extend across the width of the cochlea. Near the oval window, the fibers are short and stiff. As you move toward the other end of the tubes, the fibers get longer and more limber.
This gives the fibers different resonant frequencies. A specific wave frequency will resonate perfectly with the fibers at a certain point, causing them to vibrate rapidly. This is the same principle that makes tuning forks and kazoos work -- a specific pitch will start a tuning fork ringing, and humming in a certain way will cause a kazoo reed to vibrate.
As the wave moves along most of the membrane, it can't release much energy -- the membrane is too tense. But when the wave reaches the fibers with the same resonant frequency, the wave's energy is suddenly released. Because of the increasing length and decreasing rigidity of the fibers, higher-frequency waves vibrate the fibers closer to the oval window, and lower frequency waves vibrate the fibers at the other end of the membrane. In the next section, we'll look at how tiny hairs help us hear sound.
Hair Cells
In the last section, we saw that higher pitches vibrate the basilar membrane most intensely near the oval window, and lower pitches vibrate the basilar membrane most intensely at a point farther down the cochlea. But how does the brain know where these vibrations occur?
This is the organ of corti's job. The organ of corti is a structure containing thousands of tiny hair cells. It lies on the surface of the basilar membrane and extends across the length of the cochlea.
Until a wave reaches the fibers with a resonant frequency, it doesn't move the basilar membrane a whole lot. But when the wave finally does reach the resonant point, the membrane suddenly releases a burst of energy in that area. This energy is strong enough to move the organ of corti hair cells at that point.
When these hair cells are moved, they send an electrical impulse through the cochlear nerve. The cochlear nerve sends these impulses on to the cerebral cortex, where the brain interprets them. The brain determines the pitch of the sound based on the position of the cells sending electrical impulses. Louder sounds release more energy at the resonant point along the membrane and so move a greater number of hair cells in that area. The brain knows a sound is louder because more hair cells are activated in an area.
The cochlea only sends raw data -- complex patterns of electrical impulses. The brain is like a central computer, taking this input and making some sense of it all. This is an extraordinarily complex operation, and scientists are still a long way from understanding everything about it.
In fact, hearing in general is still very mysterious to us. The basic concepts at work in human and animal ears are fairly simple, but the specific structures are extremely complex. Scientists are making rapid advancements, however, and they discover new hearing elements every year. It's astonishing how much is involved in the hearing process, and it's even more amazing that all these processes take place in such a small area of the body.
For additional information on hearing and related topics, check out the links on the following page.
Lots More Information
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I'm the king of the lower middle tier, consisting of England, Greece, Japan and Egypt. I will keep my throne until someone bests me in a best of 5 series (can't be best of 3 because you must play all the civs).
Until then...BOW AND SCRAPE!
I'm the king of the lower middle tier, consisting of England, Greece, Japan and Egypt. I will keep my throne until someone bests me in a best of 5 series (can't be best of 3 because you must play all the civs).
Until then...BOW AND SCRAPE!
I assume you most use each civ once.
i would say you play the 4 civs, and then if a tiebreaker is needed you pick your favorite of the 4 to play again. i'll be up to challenge this bracket when time permits.
Sheesh, guys. Peddle dope in your own threads. I'm the king here!
this forum is good for everything. getting better at civ, expanding your academic intellect, and satisfying your pharmaceutical needs.
To even things out, I'd suggest just dropping Egypt altogether. Their either upper tier, middle tier or worse than bottom tier. Keeps things even and allows each tier to have exactly 3 civs.
Sure, we can do that. All you have to do is become king and then you can change the rules. Until then, Egypt is in!
Also, obviously "your highness" is for princes and princesses. New rule: address me as "your majesty" during the match. Failure to do so will result in disqualification!
I'm up 2-1 on ye majesty!
If I start a King of the Middle Middle Tier thread, could there be litigation?? Not only because of the similar title, but I think I would include England which is currently a member of your dominion!! I hope not....
Oh wait, I now see all the threads. Okay, I'm 10 hours behind all the new trends... Silly me.
New rule: it's strictly against the rules to have a way better start in every single game.
First one was my Egypt to his England. I started at the far end of a very long peninsula with zero deserts and very few trees. I found Duke only having 10 gold, took a turn and named another tile and settled on 1 tree hoping a barb would reveal another. I got the Oracle.
Oracle didn't work. Barb gave me a galley but not a tree. I put the militia in my cap and sold the galley. Found out the Oracle doesn't work. Lost a warrior army in quite a dumb way, then walked a double-wounded warrior into Duke's empty cap. Shocking! What would Grayson say?
Next one was my Greeks against his Japan. He got 75 gold walking and I got none. We settled kind of close. Blah.
My Japan to his Greeks. He had two caps and 100 gold and a horse army on a hill by Kyoto while I still had just ~50 gold. I successfully defended with warriors, then went and took Tripoli. From there I expanded really well, despite starting a good 10-15 turns after Duke. Late Seven Cities helped. It was really funny because Duke was complaining about how he couldn't find any artifacts, then Seven Cities goes the next turn.
With no Oxford, I had a real chance in this game, but yes Oxford meant that the 10-15 turn deficit was murderous. I got to Invention (first) after Duke already had bombers out, got the scientist, grabbed Corporation, but what good is that really? I was a long way from Flight and cities started falling. I did manage to grab one of Duke's cities, probably too late for it to matter, but I just got Industrialization. I had a real GP problem this game. Other than the scientist for Invention, I got three stupid artists! Really useful, thanks.
Any more better starts than me and you'll be in violation and subject to harsh penalties!
Well, I challenge you
That makes two artifacts neither of us ever found. I assume one was Atlantis. SoC was a dud. Two artists did me no good this game. I flipped Karakorum and you flipped it back. I could have flipped it again, but it was a crap 2 pop city and I wanted to save an artist to try to steal a bomber wing. Probably futile because we were close enough that you wouldn't need to refuel in one of my cities.
Then I got a 3rd artist as my cities were falling. Flip, flip. It was SO HARD for you to just retake them!
Duke and I still had to play my English to his Egypt. I settled pretty early on after finding a friendly and dye. I'd already taken a 50g barb when he settled at the edge of my map. He won a lucky 1v1 which stopped me from totally murdering him with a warrior army, but I got some archers and stuff and started camping him. He was stuck home with nowhere to go. No hope.
But that just tied us up. We had to play one more match. The rule was you must play a civ you've lost with. Lucky Duke lost with the English. I lost with the Greeks and Japanese. Groan. I picked Greeks because when you're going bad, go really bad!
My faith in the mario gods was rewarded yet again when Duke convinced himself that he had a bad island start and left the mainland for me, even though he was on the mainland too. I took Moscow. Instead of going after nearby Washington, Duke elected to attack the French, who were on an island. I almost attacked Washington, but Mr. Lincoln informed me that Duke had a great artist. Now that is a smart AI!
Duke and I both built granaries in our caps, just to be funny. No, actually I'm starting to like the granary in Athens. You can go from 2 pop to 4 pop in 7 turns! I guess that isn't really that exciting, but whatever. I didn't have any grasslands and wanted to grow. Then I got a library too and started rocketing up in tech, then expanded some. It was pretty moot though because I got some horses behind Duke's lines and he'd been running very light on defenses. I only had to kill a couple of archers before I had all his cities.
You are in the presence of the King of the lower middle tier. BOW AND SCRAPE!
I think I would have had a good chance of winning the last game had I gotten France. I attacked and got double wounded against a warrior off a hill. Then they got an archer by the time I healed. Then I got pushed back by culture a couple turns later after another double wound. 2 heals, the 3 moves in and they had an Archer Army. They had a GB settled too. I would have gone for quick vet legions by getting a barracks out. Oh well. After that, I pretty much gave up because I had no chance of winning.
Oh and of course USA tells you about my GA THE TURN I FREAKING GET IT!!!
Self-preservation. It was a good move for the dumb AI.
I had one too at that point, but you had a higher culture level despite my free temples. I had two armies, so I could have played that game, but didn't seem worth it. I wanted to go back into Democracy at that point anyway to get Irrigation and CoL quickly. Even if you didn't have the artist, my hammering on Washington for however long it would have taken would not have been a good play. As the Greeks, I think you should try to grab the close AI and then leave the rest.
The challenge is on! Played three games with Mawpawk. At this point I should mention that he has yet to refer to me as "your majesty" during a game which means he is very close to disqualification. Sorry, those are the rules!
First game was Egypt vs. Egypt. I settled on turn two just two tiles from Beijing and got the Oracle. Little did I know I was also two tiles from Moscow and Mawpawk was three tiles beyond with the Colossus (though he just got one desert). I took Beijing and he took Moscow. Then he moved a warrior next to my Thebes. Bad move. Oracle says I win and I get to be veteran! That guy was the cornerstone of a very awesome warrior army. I forced Mawpawk to army up in Moscow, then wandered down a road he'd built for me and took his Thebes, which only had two archers in it. I had Blitz and the Oracle so I was unbeatable. I also grabbed Angkor Wat for fundamentalism. He tried taking Thebes back with his archer army but 3 attack isn't going to cut it and that just let me go grab Moscow. Oracle beats Colossus!
I went with the Greeks in the next one and Mawpawk spent his England. I got a walk-in on Karakorum, as Mawpawk settled London just below it. Things were looking okay for a while, but he filled up my map with longbow archers and I couldn't really do anything. He managed to get enough gold and such to play the rest of the map while I was stuck in the cold north.
The third game was my Japan to his Greeks. Unfortunately I was blighted with a crappy island start. He went and took some caps while I filled up my island as best I could, but there was only room for six cities. Mawpawk came to press me on my island unfortunately beating my first line of defense when his galley beat my vet galleon 1-3. Sheesh. I eventually killed his units, but the toll was considerable as I had to spend some 10 turns or so on gold while he could frolic freely on the mainland and tech away to his heart's content. I took the fight to him, but he had too much production. I occupied some of his land for a while but couldn't hold it. Things went really bad when he got an unexpected foothold on my island.
That island really did me in. I tried expanding to other islands, but it's just impossible to defend effectively against a good player like Mawpawk. That kind of island hopping only works well against weak players. My forces were spread to thin and eventually everything fell apart. I did get to Industrialization, but by the time I did I had a mere 7 cities and I would have been better off with another tech or just gold.
The 4th match will be my England vs. Mawpawk's Japan. Stay tuned!
i was suitably impressed with your japan island comeback and lucky to have angor for fundy defence and attack against yor annoying cat army, and i was very lucky 2 have thrown a single vet cat on my cruiser to gain and hold position on your island. looking forward 2 the next game as im currently listening 2 revcast japan tactics, your toast!yor majesty
Game 4: I used the English and Mawpawk used the Japanese. Bad start for me. I wandered into a great expanse of nothingness. Mawpawk got seven cities and took Madrid for Navigation. I had settled with one grass, unable to quickly find a better spot, so I wasn't able to expand. He came with a (wholly-unnecessary) galleon fleet to take me out.
So the crown is lost! But not for long! I challenged him for it again immediately.
Game 1: my Greeks vs his English. Again I was miles from anything and figured I didn't have a shot, but this time when I found out about the Seven Cities, Mawpawk didn't pick it up from under my nose right away. Instead I got it. What a difference that makes! Then I beat him to Angkor Wat and had the Great Wall. Lots of gold and don't need defenses sounds good. I also took Thebes at an impressive 6 pop (started with Hanging Gardens and they used a humanitarian). I went back into demo to get CoL quickly. Got a humanitarian along the way and then Irrigation for an extra 2 pop to quite a few cities. Mawpawk dutifully built knights, but I had Industrialization before he could get to Engineering so he quit.
Game 2: my Japanese vs his Egypt. We both kind of had crummy starts but each managed a horse army. Mawpawk must not be a regular RevCast listener (despite what he wrote above) because he tried to cover his vet horse army with a non-vet warrior. Nope! I killed his army and he had nothing left.
Game 3: my English vs his Greeks. We met in the middle and both had gold. Mawpawk was able to grab a barb for a caravan and eventually his superior gold supply won the day.
Game 4: my Egypt vs his Japan. We had another where we settled close. I thought I was doomed, but then two things happened. #1 a Spanish warrior wandered up and gave me 35 gold (10 for the useless Pottery I got from my one barb and 25 for threats) and #2 Mawpawk got disconnected.
Game 4 (this time for sure!): Egypt vs Japan. I settled in a lovely spot and got the Hanging Gardens. I had two riverside deserts and three trees, so not bad. I got a decent amount of gold as well. And I walked in on Rome to get Code of Laws. Mawpawk got Angkor Wat and went into Fundamentalism. We met at Delhi between us. Mawpawk managed to kill my two horse armies with single warriors in fundamentalism. Insano! But then I got a GA and forever settled the matter of who owns Delhi. Mawpawk had no gold and no way to generate gold (unlike me and my five or so cities - I was expanding steadily in Republic). He tried a few more attacks here and there but I had no reason to have weak defenses anywhere since I was leading in all other areas. He gave in.
I've reclaimed my rightful title so BOW AND SCRAPE!
Also, I will be calling a council of fellow kings of tiers to discuss some of the tiers that seem to have fallen by the wayside. You can't be a king if you aren't actively defending!
ggs thrash, you are worthy of holding this title but i would like 2 vote england out of this tier, that city flip crushed me.
I am the new king of this title so feel free 2 challenge me...smashed thrasher 3 in a row with unprecedented tactical skills and power stratergies.
You are pushing your luck there, Mr. Mawpawk. We'll see what adjective is used to describe you in the next episode of RevCast. I'm thinking "despicable." I've never even heard of anyone having such an unprecedented string of battle luck over three games, not to mention artifacts, starting locations, etc. To claim achievement in the face of such outrageous fortune is disingenuous at best!
Now that we've got that straight, Mawpawk played really well in all three games. Well, technically he didn't do anything extraordinary in the first, but there was no need. I had a bad island start Egypt vs. Egypt. He showed up with a vet warrior army and the Knights Templar pretty early on.
Game 2 seemed more balanced at the outset. I had Japan and he Greece. However, he got Seven Cities fast. Meanwhile I sent two warriors out to attack two barbs and they both got double wounded both times they attacked. Incredible! 7 turns to take barbs (since they obviously spawned during all that). That slow of a start meant I was easily outmaneuvered. Yeah, and he also got the Ark which lead to an early GA to flip the cap I got which was defended by an archer army as I had little choice to do anything else. I also lost three horsemen attacking warriors in that game. Give me a break.
Game 3 was the really crazy one though. England vs. England. Our settlers met and he fled which let me walk in on Beijing. Game over, right? You might think so, but when Mawpawk wins absolutely every battle no matter how outlandish the odds are, it's not so easy. His super warrior beats about six of my warriors (including three armied, yeah). That gives him an infiltration army fast, which takes Beijing and the game.
haha took u long enough 2 bite.... yes thrashers right i dint need any tactical or power strategy 2 win these games just a whole dose of lady luck.
Last edited by Mawpawk; 05-25-2011 at 02:52 AM.