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Art and Humanities Funding
Business and Art,
The business of America may be business, as a U.S. president once remarked, but during the 1960s the business of America, both in the private and public sectors, became increasingly involved with art.
One exhibition shows this trend: backed by $500,000 to purchase art, Chase Manhattan Bank showed its collection at the Whitney Museum of Art in New York in 1960. Similarly, in 1962 S. C. Johnson and Son (of Johnson Wax) paid $750,000 for 102 works by contemporary American painters, including Andrew Wyeth and Willem de Kooning. The works were shown for a month at the Milwaukee Art Center then sent on tour abroad. In 1963 the New York Metropolitan Opera received $135,000 from American Export and Isbrandtsen Lines to stage a new production of Giuseppi Verdi's opera Aida.
No Help from the Government
Grant organizations such as the Ford Foundation were already providing generous financial assistance to performers and artistic organizations in the 1950s, but they stepped up their efforts in the early 1960s, in part responding to a perceived lack of such support from the government, which had not directly aided artists or groups since the New Deal launched during the Depression in the 1930s. In 1963, for instance, the Ford Foundation announced that it...
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Art Everywhere: An Explosion of Art Movements
The Art of Less: Minimalism
Back to Basics
As the gulf between high and low culture widened in art, music, and literature during the 1960s, works in these arts often became increasingly difficult and complex. In response, some artists and com-posers went the opposite direction, creating works with a bare-bones, back-to-basics approach that drew attention to form and materials rather than content or meaning. The result was named minimalism by art critic Barbara Rose.
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Frank Stella removed subjects and content from his painting. As a result, color and shape remain the focus.Painting
Minimalism first appeared in paintings by artists, such as Frank Stella, who rejected the emotional content of abstract expressionism. Instead, such work—called post-painterly abstraction—removed subjects and personality entirely from the picture; the work was not a picture of anything save itself. The resulting works, similar to Ellsworth Kelly's hard-edge paintings, consisted of flat color in geometric shapes.
The trend was first identified as minimalism in sculpture when artists such as Carl Andre, Donald Judd, and Robert...
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Folk Music
Different Interpretations
In the early 1960s "folk music" was defined broadly. For some it included the "hillbilly music" that provided the roots of modern country-and-western music; for others it included rural and working-class tunes such as those performed by Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger; and for others it included popularized, often sanitized versions, by performers such as Burl Ives and the Kingston Trio. Then something new happened.
The New Stars
In 1962 the first of a new generation of performers appeared, most prominently Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, and Peter, Paul and Mary, all unaffected musicians whose straightforward delivery of a repertoire that included traditional songs and new compositions after traditional models attracted a large, appreciative audience. In particular, folk musicians addressed contemporary issues facing college students, notably civil rights and, later, the Vietnam War.
The Folk-Music Revival
While performers such as Baez and Dylan—and later Judy Collins and Joni Mitchell—were popular, the folk-music phenomenon spurred a new interest in less-played indigenous forms such as bluegrass and Dixieland jazz. Soon songs such as Seeger's "If I Had a Hammer" and Dylan's "Blowin' in the Wind" were adopted by folk performers of all sorts. Folk festivals drew...
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From Rock 'n' Roll to Rock and Pop
Rock 'n' Roll Dead?
By 1960 rock 'n' roll was the most popular music among young people—not only in America but internationally. However, it comprised only one segment of American popular music, which also included country music, rhythm and blues, folk music and crooners such as Frank Sinatra. In fact, the charts early in the 1960s reflected such a diversity of musical styles that some unfriendly to the new music in the late 1950s announced that rock 'n' roll was passe. In February 1962 New York radio station WINS, which had been among the first in the country to jump aboard the rock 'n' roll bandwagon, instituted a new policy by playing sixty-six straight hours of Frank Sinatra as a death knell to rock 'n' roll.
Reports of its demise were highly exaggerated. In April WINS began playing rock 'n' roll again, including Chubby Checker's "The Twist," which had set off a national dance craze in 1960. Rock "n' roll flourished in the early 1960s, during which time sentimental songs, dance music, and doo-wop proliferated. Then, in 1964, the British Invasion arrived, led by a group that would prove to be a tremendous influence on American rock 'n' roll: the Beatles.
The Boys from Liverpool
The Beatles—singer-songwriter-guitarists John Lennon and Paul McCartney, guitarist...
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Hippies and their Music: Woodstock
The Making of a Legend
One of many popular-music festivals of the 1960s, the Woodstock Music and Arts Fair of 15-17 August 1969 began as an organized event, descended into chaos, and emerged as the most legendary rock festival in history, known simply as Woodstock. It has since come to symbolize an era of peaceful, free-loving, drug-taking hippie youth, carefree before harsher realities hit—such as the untimely drug-related deaths of rockers Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin and the shootings of student protesters and bystanders at Kent State University—all the following year. During and after the 1970s thousands of rock fans claimed to have been present at Woodstock, and it is quite possible they were: the festival attracted nearly half a million people, most in their teens and twenties.
A Surprising Turnout
The promoters of the event hardly expected such a turnout—they expected perhaps two hundred thousand at the most. Given the fact that Woodstock featured most of the top performers in rock and that it promised to be a gathering of like-minded hippies and fellow travelers, the surprise was that there were not more. Perhaps they were detained by the traffic jams into the small rural community near Bethel, New York; and after all, the six-hundred-acre farm owned by Max Yasgur, where the festival was held, could hold only so many....
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The Motown Sound
Black rhythm and blues provided the foundation for rock 'n' roll in the 1950s, and, as racial attitudes relaxed, black performers such as Chuck Berry, the Coasters, and Chubby Checker attracted large audiences. However, it was not until the 1960s that black performers in general received unrestricted radio play. The music that came from the Motor City of Detroit, Michigan, in the 1960s, was the Motown Sound.
Early Success
In creating Tamla Motown in 1959, Berry Gordy, Jr., established the first major label owned and operated by blacks. The music he produced had its roots in gospel, jazz, and rhythm and blues, but the Mo-town Sound, with its rock 'n' roll beat backed by orchestral accompaniment, was definitely commercial pop music—and in terms of commercial and popular success, it took off in the early 1960s. This success was due in part to the songwriting efforts of Lamont Dozier and brothers Eddie and Brian Holland, who created such hits as "Please Mr. Postman" by the Marvelettes and "Baby Love," "Stop! In the Name of Love," "Where Did Our Love Go?," and "You Can't Hurry Love" by the Supremes. Another important songwriter for Motown was Smokey Robinson, who wrote "My Guy" (performed by Mary Wells) and "The Way You Do the Things You Do" (performed by The Temptations), as well as "The Tracks of My Tears" which he...
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The Death of the Studio System
During the summer of 1961 20th Century-Fox took its back lot apart, a poignant symbol of the dismantling of the Hollywood studio system that became final later in the 1960s. Rather than creating motion pictures, the studios gradually assumed the role of financing and distributing films made by producers, directors, and actors not on the studio bankroll.
Rising Costs, Shrinking Audiences
Motion pictures entered the 1960s in fairly bad shape in general: fewer movies were being made, and they were attracting smaller audiences. The most common scapegoat was television, but as expenses increased so did the number of admissions required to produce enough revenue to cover them. Such increases were justified by some; after all, Ben-Hur(1959) had cost fifteen million dollars to make yet grossed one hundred million dollars. Not every movie could be Ben-Hur, but to studios it seemed a safer bet to invest in stars and spectacle in hopes of large profits than in low-budget films with unknown actors or stories. Cleopatra (1963), starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton, was released after years of delays and a cost of thirty-seven million dollars. In addition, unions and guilds often insisted on better wages, driving their demands home with strikes that crippled the industry, and aggressive...
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On the Stage
The British Invasion.
The best-known British Invasion of the 1960s occurred in rock 'n' roll, but American theaters also experienced an influx of talent from the United Kingdom, prompting one member of Actors Equity to claim that "New York is a British Festival." Irish playwright Brendan Behan's The Hostage was widely discussed in 1960, as were Samuel Beckett's Krapp's Last Tape and Shelagh Delaney's A Taste of Honey. In the 1960s American theaters discovered British talents ranging from Harold Pinter and Tom Stoppard to the antic revue Beyond the Fringe.
Edward Albee and the Theater of the Absurd.
One of the most respected dramatists, however, was an American: Edward Albee's one-act play The Zoo Story (1960) attracted the critics' attention and prepared the way for his biggest success, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?(1962). Albee, perhaps incorrectly, was lumped in with other playwrights identified by critic Martin Esslin in 1961 as creators of the theater of the absurd. According to Esslin, these playwrights incorporated the existentialist ideas of French philosophers such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, particularly their notions that life is essentially meaningless, that former supports such as religion and society have collapsed, and that all efforts to make sense out of life are...
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Poetry and Politics: The Blackm Arts Movement and the Black Aesthetic
From Negro to Black.
After the death of Richard Wright in 1960, the two most respected Negro writers in America were Ralph Ellison and James Baldwin. As the civil rights movement progressed throughout the decade and some factions became increasingly militant, the term Negro was rejected by many in favor of Black, especially in phrases such as Black Power and names of groups, such as the Black Panthers. As "Negro" writers, Ellison and Baldwin were deemed by some to be insufficiently militant, despite their incisive critiques of race relations in America. Such writers, their critics said, relied too heavily on white literary models, when what was needed, they claimed, was a Black Aesthetic that wedded poetry and politics, art and social concerns. The Black Arts Movement was born.
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Reasons not to Kill Yourself Even Though Life is Meaningless: The Rise of Black Humor
During the 1960s there were plenty of reasons to be depressed: leaders were assassinated, the military was involved in one questionable conflict after another, and French philosophers claimed that life was meaningless. The response of several writers of experimental fiction was to laugh in the face of death and despair, and the reaction was so widespread that it earned a name: black humor.
Comic Antiheroes.
Writers of black humor portrayed antiheroes caught up in an absurd world in which traditional values seemed no longer to apply and in which the individual appeared lost in a maze of systems. As bleak as they were, the novels were still funny. Examples include John Barth's The Sot-Weed Factor (1960), Joseph Heller's Catch-22 (1961), Thomas Pynchon's V. (1963), John Hawkes's Second Skin (1964), and Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.'s Slaughterhouse-Five (1969). Both Catch-22 and Slaughterhouse-Five, for instance, include serious depictions of the horrors and stupidity of war, but both also include comic characters and situations. In Slaughterhouse-Five, the reader follows both Billy Pilgrim's horrific experiences during the war and his abduction by one-eyed aliens shaped like plungers. Pynchon's The Crying of Lot 49 (1966) includes, in addition to its themes of conspiracy and...
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Self-Reflexive Reflections: Metafiction
Vanity, Vanity.
For many intellectuals in the late 1960s, God was dead and so was the novel. After the heyday of realism in the nineteenth century and the experiments of the modernists in the early part of the twentieth, it seemed as if there truly was nothing new to do infiction. However, some writers proceeded to use this very situation as both subject and technique. The writers of metafiction, as it was called, wrote about the process of writing when there is nothing left to write about, and since all possible techniques had been used, they used all possible techniques to comment on the situation. This new metafiction, also called superfiction or surfiction by some, differed from self-reflexive fiction of the past—in which the author would comment on the story—in the postmodern assumption that reality is an artificial construction rather than something that can be captured by literature.
The prophet and chief practitioner of metafiction was John Barth, who began employing its techniques in his 1960 novel The Sot-Weed Factor, polished them in his novel Giles Goat-Boy (1966), and spelled out its main points in an often-cited essay, "The Literature of Exhaustion," published in Atlantic Monthly in 1967. He proclaimed that fiction had reached a dead end, a point of exhaustion, but that a promising...
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Slouching Toward Popularity: Faction and the New Journalism
One of the most-discussed books of the 1960s was Truman Capote's In Cold Blood (1966). Variously promoted as a "nonfiction novel" and as "faction," the book was based on actual murders in Kansas on 15 November 1959, the trial in May 1960, and the hanging of the murderers in April 1965. Capote, already a well-known novelist, interviewed people in Kansas and wrote about the story in the form of a novel. Sales of the book skyrocketed, and Capote, no resister of publicity, basked in the limelight. Scores of imitations followed, with varying success. The most notable example, Norman Mailer's The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel, the Novel as History (1968), was about his participation in an October 1967 peace march on the Pentagon and includes Mailer as a character.
The New Journalism.
Almost as popular were books with firmer roots in journalism—or the New Journalism, to be precise. The New Journalism was a controversial movement emerging in the mid 1960s that wedded fictional techniques with reporting. After a start in fictionlike stories in the New York Herald Tribune and in magazines such as Esquire, the Village Voice, and Rolling Stone, the New Journalism moved to books, thanks primarily to the popularity of its unofficial spokesman, Tom Wolfe. His first collection of magazine...
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To Bedlam and Back: The New American Poetry
The New American Poetry.
Donald M. Allen signaled the beginning of a new era in American poetry early in the decade with the publication of his anthology The New American Poetry, 1945-1960 in 1960. In addition to publishing Beat poets from the 1950s such as Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Allen included many younger or little-known poets whose approaches sometimes differed radically from the carefully constructed and highly intellectual poetry then favored by most professors and critics.
Against Modernism.
Like most of the new art movements and much of the experimental fiction of the late 1950s and the 1960s, this new poetry was an explicit rejection of modernism, which had dominated the arts in America and Europe since the early decades of the twentieth century. For instance, in his book In Defense of Ignorance (1960) poet Karl Shapiro attacks the influence of modernism on American poetry and criticism, particularly that generated by advocates of American-born British poet T. S. Eliot. Instead, many of the new poets adopted Walt Whitman or William Carlos Williams as models.
Confessional Poetry.
In particular, confessional poetry rebelled against the impersonality advocated by modernist ideals. Poets such as John Berryman, Robert Lowell, Sylvia Plath, Theodore Roethke, and Anne...
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What's Everyone Reading? Popular Fiction and Nonfiction
Unusual Best-Sellers.
Histories of twelve hundred pages generally do not sell well, but William L. Shirer's The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960), about Nazi Germany, proved an exception by selling more than half a million copies and remaining on the best-seller list through 1961. It was a good decade for nonfiction in general, though best-seller-list definitions of what constituted nonfiction in some cases seemed arbitrary, including Charles M. Schulz's "Peanuts" collections and Rod McKuen's books of poems, for example. Readers are always interested in sex, and Helen Gurley Brown's Sex and the Single Girl (1962) found a voracious readership.
Best-Selling Literature.
Despite the concerns of critics, professors, and others that quality fiction was being smothered by a mass of popular fiction, it was also a good decade for literature: J. D. Salinger's Franny and Zooey(1961), Katherine Anne Porter's Ship of Fools (1962), William Faulkner's The Reivers (1962), Mary McCarthy's The Group (1963), Saul Bellow's Herzog (1964), Bernard Malamud's The Fixer (1966), Truman Capote's In Cold Blood (1966), Philip Roth's controversial Portnoy's Complaint (1969), and Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.'s Slaughterhouse-Five (1969) all reached the best-seller lists.
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Young Adult and Children's Literature
More Books.
Books for children and young adults continued their dramatic rise begun in the 1950s. There was a boom in demand for children's books and books for young adults due to increased library funding resulting from the education acts passed in 1965.
Concerned Parents and Librarians.
Also on the rise was the concern of parents and others about the content of the books. A popular target was J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye (1951), an adult novel popular with adolescent readers that self-appointed censors found objectionable due to its language, certain sexual situations, and its criticism of the adult world. In general, books for children and young adults became controversial for presenting critical observations of adults, often couched in more-realistic settings, and for showing children in ways some parents and librarians preferred not to see them. The work of many new young-adult writers, influenced by Salinger, would have been labeled as adult fiction only a decade earlier; examples include Emily Neville's It's Like This, Cat (1963), S. E. Hinton's The Outsiders(1967), and Paul ZindeFs My Darling, My Hamburger(1969). Books for younger children, though not nearly as graphic, nevertheless stirred controversy, especially Mau-rice Sendak's Where the Wild Things Are (1963), which featured...
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Headline Makers
Albee, Edward 1928-
Early Promise.
Playwright Edward Albee stood out in the midst of what many critics saw as a drearyperiodforAmericantheater in the 1960s. His one-act plays The Zoo Story (1960), The Sandbox (1960), The Death of Bessie Smith (1960), and The American Dream (1961) were critical and commercial Off-Broadway successes, and then he im-pressed everyone with his first full-length play, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf ? (1962). Starring Uta Hagen and Arthur Hill as Martha and George, it ran for 644 performances on Broadway and was launched on an international tour.
Later Developments.
His reputation was further enhanced by his 1962 stage adaptation of Carson McCullers's The Ballad of the Sad Cafe, which opened on Broadway the following year. After Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf'? Albee was the most sought-after playwright in America: he took part in an Off-Broadway production of Ugo Betti's Corruption in the Palace of Justice in 1963 and was said to be working on two plays, a novel, and an opera simultaneously. The experience was a heady one for a young playwright whose first work had appeared only five years earlier. Before that, he had attended various private schools and college (without graduating) and had worked at odd jobs. Indeed, it appeared as if his...
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Brubeck, Dave 1920-
Intellectual Jazz.
One of the most innovative and popular figures in jazz during a decade filled with innovative and popular performers was pianist and composer Dave Brubeck. At the same time, Brubeck was one of the most controversial figures in jazz: while he and his quartet, which included alto saxophonist Paul Desmond and drummer Joe Morello, were highly successful, especially on the college campuses where they often took their music, some criticized their work for being overly intellectual, claiming it lacked genuine feeling.
Popular Complexity.
It was understandable that Brubeck's music was consciously complex, since he had trained under some of the most experimental classical composers of the twentieth century, including Darius Milhaud. Brubeck experimented with quotation from classical composers in his jazz compositions—thus anticipating Gunther Schuller's concept of a "Third Stream" combining classical and jazz techniques—and incorporated atonality, counterpoint, and unusual time signatures. In stark contrast to the "free jazz" or "progressive jazz" of figures such as Ornette Coleman, which was admired only by a small coterie of jazz fans, the Brubeck Quartet's intelligent lyricism was widely appreciated. The quartet's single "Take Five" (1962), for instance, written in 5/4 time,...
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Cash, Johnny 1932-
A Solid Reputation.
Since the 1950s country music had gained an increasing amount of respect in American culture, in contrast to its earlier status as "hillbilly music." One of the singers and songwriters responsible for this improvement was Johnny Cash, who solidified his position during the 1960s as one of the greatest country musicians.
The Sun Records Days.
Cash began his recording career in 1955 and was one of the pioneers of rockabilly, a combination of country music with rhythm and blues or rock 'n roll, at Sun Records in Memphis. With his pared-down accompaniments, steady rhythms, and inimitable baritone on recordings such as "I Walk the Line" (1956), he quickly became a star, engaging in dozens of recordings and tour dates by the 1960s.
Ring of Fire.
In 1961 June Carter, a descendant of the legendary Carter family, joined Cash's tour group, and she and Cash co-wrote his 1963 hit "Ring of Fire." In the mid 1960s Cash ruined his marriage and nearly killed himself through drug addiction. Aided by Carter, whom he married in 1968, and a return to the religion of his youth, Cash overcame his addiction and came back stronger than ever. In 1969 he enjoyed a Top 40 hit with "A Boy Named Sue" and became the star of his own television...
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Coltrane, John 1926-1967
A Link between Styles.
The career of John Coltrane, one of the most influential jazz saxophonists of the 1960s and after, bridges the mature bebop of the 1950s and the experimental developments of the late 1960s.
Sheets of Sound.
Coltrane played with bebop masters Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, and Thelonious Monk during the 1950s before starting his own quartet in 1960. Composed of Coltrane, pianist McCoy Tyner, bassist Jimmy Garrison, and drummer Elvin Jones, the group allowed Coltrane to expand on the melodic and harmonic possibilities of jazz. Coltrane's music from this period, usually described as consisting of "sheets of sound," was both structurally complex and emotionally rich, including long improvisations, unorthodox chords, and elements of Eastern music. The effect was popular with many jazz fans, particularly on Coltrane's famous version of "My Favorite Things" (1961).
Innovations Cut Short.
In 1966, impressed with Ornette Coleman's experiments in free jazz that evaded conventional harmonic structure altogether, Coltrane went in a new direction to explore the new sound. Although he died of cancer the following year, Coltrane has remained a major influence for many young musicians, who revere him as one of the great performers...
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Dylan, Bob 1941-
The Man from Minnesota.
Soon after coming to national attention in 1962, Bob Dylan was recognized as one of the most promising songwriters and performers in the new folk-music revival. Born Robert Zimmerman in Duluth, Minnesota, he moved to New York in 1960 and soon established himself in the folk-music scene, playing in coffee-houses in Greenwich Village.
Protest Songs.
In 1962 he recorded his first album, a compilation of traditional folk songs in the manner of his hero Woody Guthrie, called Bob Dylan. The same year he wrote "Blowin' in the Wind," which rhetorically questioned establishment attitudes and claimed that "the answer …is blowin' in the wind." This stance of youthful challenge and expectation of imminent social change was popular with young listeners; the song was successfully recorded by Peter, Paul & Mary the following year, setting the stage for Dylan's own successful version of his 1963 album The Freewheelin Bob Dylan, which also included the hits 'AA Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" and "Masters of War." Such songs...
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Hendrix, Jimi 1942-1970
A Great Rock Guitarist.
Jimi Hendrix was born James Marshall Hendrix in Seattle. He taught himself to play by listening to blues recordings; left-handed, he used a re-strung right-handed guitar. He became known in the late 1960s for doing even stranger things with the instrument, such as playing it be-hind his back, playing it with his teeth, and setting it on fire. At times his stage pyromania overshadowed his musical pyrotechnics, but he is now recognized as perhaps the most influential rock guitarist in history.
Play Fast, Die Young.
Hendrix began his career as a studio musician in the early 1960s and formed his own band in 1965. The following year he created a new band, the Jimi Hendrix Experience, and started to form a new sound, called acid rock, that employed intentional feed-back and other deliberate distortions. His stage antics rather than his music gained him notoriety at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival (captured on film in the cinema verite documentary...
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Joplin, Janis 1943-1970
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Janis Joplin (1943–1970) was a popular singer and icon of youth rebellion in the late 1960s.A Symbol of the 1960s.
Janis Joplin was more than just one of the most talented blues and rock vocalists of the twentieth century: she was also a personality, a symbol of rebellion adopted by youth anxious to "let it all hang out" in the late 1960s. Uninhibited both as a per-former and in her personal life, Joplin personified what many saw as the spirit of rock in the late 1960s, and her untimely death was a sobering reminder of where the excesses of the rock spirit could lead.
Youthful Success.
An outcast as an adolescent, Joplin ran away from her Port Arthur, Texas, home at age seventeen and worked as a singer in different cities before joining the rock group Big Brother and the Holding Company in San Francisco in 1966. Thanks to Joplin's versatile, roaring vocals and equally unrestrained performance style, the group stopped the show at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967. The following year their album Cheap Thrills had exceptional sales, spurred in part by media stories about Joplin's lifestyle of sex,...
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Kesey, Ken 1935-
Nonconformist Writer.
During the 1960s writer Ken Kesey was as famous for his promotion of the hippie lifestyle as he was for any-thing he published. Stepping into the shoes vacated by the Beat Generation of the 1950s, Kesey and his circle of followers, called the Merry Pranksters, stood out even among nonconformists in an age of rebellion against conformity.
Kesey became famous at age twenty-seven with his first novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest(1962). The protagonist, Randle J. McMurphy, is a patient in a mental hospital. Though the consequences of his actions are sometimes disastrous, to many readers he was a figure admirable for his dramatic challenges to convention and authority. This stance made the character, and Kesey by extension, popular with young readers in particular. Kesey's next novel, Sometimes a Great Notion (1964), was less successful, perhaps because its conservative Oregonians were a radical departure from what readers most admired in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.
On the Road.
For the remainder of the 1960s Kesey stopped writing and became a character himself. To celebrate the publication of Sometimes a Great Notion, he and the Merry Pranksters left California in a bus painted with...
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Kubrick, Stanley 1928-
Notable Director.
Though producing a film only every few years, writer and director Stanley Kubrick stands out as one of the most notable and unconventional filmmakers of the 1960s. Kubrick is a perfect example of what critics in the 1960s called the auteur theory, the belief that, despite the collaborative nature of film, the director infuses the work with his or her personal artistry and vision.
Early Potential.
He began writing, producing, and directing low-budget films in the 1950s, scoring a success with the World War I film Paths of Glory (1957). One of its stars, Kirk Douglas, was producing Spartacus(1960), and he hired Kubrick as its new director. Though this was his first experience with a larger budget, the 1960 film dissatisfied Kubrick, who preferred doing things his way. His adaptation of Vladimir Nabokov's 1955 novel Lolita (1962), though memorable for Peter Sellers's antic portrayal of Clare Quilty, was panned by critics, but audiences came in droves for his next two efforts.
Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964), which Kubrick called a "nightmare comedy" about the threat of nuclear war, was both a critical and commercial success. Critical...
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Poitier, Sidney 1927-
The Noble Mr. Poitier.
"You're like us, but you're not like us," says Lulu to the character played by Sidney Poitier in the 1967 British film To Sir, with Love. Such sentiments were shared by many filmgoers concerning the actor and the roles he played—especially white filmgoers, comforted during a decade of racial unrest by this handsome black man who played friendly, hard-working characters who, though allowed to reveal "ethnic" characteristics occasionally, spoke ''standard" English flawlessly and almost always wore a tie. The first black leading man in Hollywood, he was also the only one to win an Academy Award for Best Actor.
A Responsible Model.
Born in Miami to parents from the Bahamas, where he spent his youth, Poitier began his acting career on the New York stage in 1946. He made his first film in 1950 and had several roles during the decade. His portrayal in The Blackboard Jungle(1955) of a black urban youth with promise was indicative of things to come. After an acclaimed performance in the 1961 film...
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Pynchon, Thomas 1937-
Mystery Writer.
Paranoia and conspiracy theories abounded during the 1960s, proferring speculations about topics ranging from the assassination of President John F. Kennedy to the Vietnam War to whether or not the U.S. Air Force was storing aliens and UFOs in Dayton, Ohio. It was hardly surprising, then, that the works of an author for whom paranoia and conspiracies were major plot devices should appear during the decade—an author made all the more appealing by the fact that apparently no one knew where he was or what he looked like. His name was Thomas Pynchon, and only two published photo-graphs of him are known: one from his high-school yearbook and one from his Navy years. In his efforts to avoid publicity, he became one of the most discussed writers of the 1960s.
A Cult Phenomenon.
After studying at Cornell University, Pynchon burst on the literary scene with his first novel, V., in 1963. A long, difficult book, it was not a best-seller, but it did gain Pynchon a cult following and respectful attention from critics. A similar response greeted his next novel, The Crying of Lot 49 (1966), which was shorter and somewhat more accessible. Nonetheless, the reader has to struggle with Pynchon's writing in both books: he loads his books with detail ranging from science and history to trivia...
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Rauschenberg, Robert 1925-
Representative Artist.
One of the most respected and representive artists of the 1960s, Robert Rauschenberg experimented with a variety of new styles during the decade. Like those of Jasper Johns, Rauschenberg's works bridge the transition from abstract expressionism to pop art and beyond. He was among a handful of contemporary artists to have work presented in a retrospective. At the Jewish Museum of New York in 1963 many of his "combine" paintings, which feature assorted materials such as photographs, newspapers, clocks, and stuffed animals, were displayed to an appreciative public. Similarly, an exhibition of his work at Whitechapel Gallery in London broke previous attendance records. The following year he won two mil-lion lire in the prestigious Venice Biennale. He was the first American to win the prize.
Pioneering New Styles.
During the 1960s Rauschenberg also helped to design sets for experimental modern dances staged by Merce Cunningham to the equally experimental music of John Cage, and in the late 1960s he became identified as one of the artists involved in a new style called luminal art, which featured movement and light as integral aspects of the work. In 1968, when "environments" were all the rage in the art world, Rauschenberg was praised for his efforts, particularly one in which people...
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Streisand, Barbra 1942-
Funny Girl.
Barbra Streisand first came to the attention of audiences and critics with a small role in I Can Get It for You Wholesale(1962), her first Broadway role, in which she stopped the show. In her second, as Fanny Brice in Funny Girl (1964), she was the show. The musical was critically acclaimed primarily for the presence of this young singer and comedian from Brooklyn, and it ran for a total of 1,348 performances.
If You Ain't Got Elegance.
A star was born: Streisand recorded three albums in 1963 and 1964 and made several television appearances in addition to her stage work. She took the role of Fanny Brice to the London production of the musical and to the screen in the 1968 film version. Not only was the movie very popular, but it also earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress, making her the first to win that award for a first film. She also starred in the 1969 film version of Hello,...
(The entire section is 233 words.)
Vonnegut, Kurt, Jr. 1922-2007
A Writer for Youth.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., entered the 1960s regarded as a promising but obscure science-fiction writer and left it as one of the most respected and popular figures of American literature. In particular, he was adopted by young readers on college campuses as a guru of sorts, one of the few people over thirty who could be trusted, given his cynical view of society.
From the Science-Fiction Ghetto.
Since his fiction before 1960 typically used futuristic settings to critique American society, mainstream publishers shunned his work as science fiction, leading him to publish it in science-fiction magazines and paperbacks—both the kiss of death during the 1950s as far as critics were concerned. Even when he turned to World War II as a setting in his novel Mother Night (1962) publishers and critics refused to see him as anything but a "popular".
To Literary...
(The entire section is 427 words.)
Warhol, Andy 1930-1987
More Than Fifteen Minutes of Fame.
Andy Warhol is the pop artist known to many in the general public for saying that at some point everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes. During the 1960s Warhol himself was famous for much longer, a celebrity to both artists and the public alike. No other artist, with the possible exception of Truman Capote, was invited to as many parties and as noted for his extravagant behavior.
Pop Artist.
In the early 1960s Warhol went from being a shy artist from Pennsylvania who supported himself in advertising to the flamboyant enfant terrible of pop art and the avant-garde art scene in New York. He used Campbell's Soup cans, Brillo boxes, and photographs of movie stars (notably Marilyn Monroe) as subjects. His mass-produced paintings employ silk-screening rather than conventional brush strokes, both commenting on and celebrating the commercialization of art. Similarly, he promoted himself as an artist, becoming a self-made celebrity. A failed assassination attempt in 1968 made headlines when a disgruntled actress who had appeared in one of his films...
(The entire section is 328 words.)
People in the News
Contralto Marian Anderson gave her farewell concert at Carnegie Hall on 18 April 1965, bringing her thirty-year career to a close.
Jazz trumpeter Louis Armstrong began a goodwill tour of Africa, partially sponsored by the U.S. State Department, on 13 October 1960 to enthusiastic acclaim.
The New York City Ballet, under the artistic direction of George Balanchine, made an acclaimed tour of Russia. It was his first visit to his homeland in forty years.
On 15 March 1964 British actor Richard Burton married Elizabeth Taylor after a highly publicized romance and after the two divorced their respective spouses. It was his second marriage and her fifth.
In November 1966 writer Truman Capote hosted an extravagant Black and White Ball in New York—a masquerade for which attire was limited to those two colors. Its guest list of 540 included prominent figures in the arts, the sciences, politics, and high society.
Noted musician Ray Charles was arrested in 1965 for possession of heroin, to which he had been addicted since age sixteen. After one year in rehabilitation, he returned to performances and recording in full force.
A new dance craze shared by both teens and adults was started in 1960 by rock 'n' roll performer Chubby Checker's...
(The entire section is 659 words.)
Fiction: Advise and Consent by Allen Drury
Drama: Fiorellol, by George Abbott, Jerome Weidman, Sheldon Harnick, and Jerry Bock
Poetry: Heart's Needle, by W. D. Snodgrass
Music: Second String Quarter by Elliott Carter
Fiction: To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee
Drama: All the Way Home, by Tad Mosel
Poetry: Times Three: Selected Verse from Three Decades, by Phyllis McGinley
Music: Symphony No. 7, by Walter Piston
Fiction: The Edge of Sadness, by Edwin O'Connor
Drama: How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying, by Frank Loesser and Abe Burrows
Poetry: Poems, by Alan Dugan
Music: The Crucible, by Robert Ward
Fiction: The Reivers, by William Faulkner
Drama: no award
Poetry: Pictures from Brueghel, by...
(The entire section is 980 words.)
Gracie Allen, 58, comedian, wife and partner of George Burns, 27 August 1964.
Laverne Andrews, 51, oldest of the singing trio the Andrews Sisters, 8 May 1967.
Fay Bainter, 74, stage and film actress, 16 April 1968.
Tallulah Bankhead, 65, stage and screen star, 12 December 1968.
Diana Barrymore, 38, stage and film actress, 25 January 1960.
Vicki Baum, 64, novelist (GrandHotel), playwright, and screenwriter, 29 August 1960.
William Baziotes, 52, abstract painter, 5 June 1963.
Sylvia Beach, 75, supporter of American writers in Paris and first publisher of James Joyce's 1922 novel Ulysses,6 October 1962.
William Bendix, 58, film actor (The Hairy Ape, The Babe Ruth Story), 14 December 1964.
R. P. Blackmur, 61, literary critic, 2 February 1965.
Marc Blitzstein, 58, composer and translator of Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera, 22 January 1964.
Charles Boni, 74, cofounder of the Modern Library and of the publishing house Boni and Liveright, 14 February 1969.
Anthony Boucher (William Anthony Parker White), 56,...
(The entire section is 1671 words.)
Carlos Clarens, An Illustrated History of the Horror Film (New York: Putnam, 1967);
Bosley Crowther, The Great Films: Fifty Golden Years of Motion Pictures (New York: Putnam, 1967);
George N. Fenin and William K. Everson, The Western(New York: Orion, 1963);
Pauline Kael, Kiss Kiss Bang Bang (Boston: Atlantic-Little, Brown, 1968);
Dwight Macdonald, Dwight Macdonald on Movies (New York: Prentice Hall, 1969);
Andrew Sarris, The American Cinema: Directors and Directions, 1929-1968 (New York: Dutton, 1968);
Richard Schickel, The Disney Version: The Life, Times, Art and Commerce of Walt Disney (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1968);
Film Culture, periodical.
Jonathan Eisen, The Age of Koch Sounds of the American Cultural Revolution—A Reader (New York: Random House, 1969);
Orrin Keepnews and Bill Grauer, Jr., A Pictorial History of Jazz, second edition (New York: Crown, 1966);
George Martin, The Opera Companion (New York: Dodd, 1961);
Wilfrid Mellers, Music in a New Found Land (New York: Knopf,...
(The entire section is 370 words.)
Important Events in the Arts, 1960–1969
- The second annual Photography in the Fine Arts Project is held at the IBM Gallery in New York; it is twice as big and occupies three times as much space as the original.
- Leslie Fiedler's controversial Love and Death in the American Novel quickly becomes one of the best-known books in the history of American literary criticism.
- Astounding Science Fiction, one of the most popular science-fiction magazines since the 1930s, changes its name to Analog.
- Motown Records is formed by Berry Gordy, who intends that this record label will become the "sound of young America."
- On January 3, the Moscow State Symphony begins a successful seven-week tour of the United States at Carnegie Hall in New York. It is the first Soviet orchestra to perform in the United States.
- In March, seven of the eight major film studios are crippled by an actors' strike.
- On March 4, baritone Leonard Warren collapses and dies during a performance of La Forza del Destino at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York.
- On March 16, the merger of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., and Random House, Inc., is completed, with Random in control.
- On July 3, the city council of Newport, Rhode Island, votes to cancel remaining...
(The entire section is 3962 words.)
Source: American Decades: 1960-1969, ©1994 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.


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Bemidji Pioneer
Minn. officials predict $1 billion budget surplus
98-year-old helps neighbors clear snow
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Pioneer Previews for Dec. 1: Bevy of arts events to keep us as busy as bees
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Topic closed. 39 replies. Last post 1 year ago by sully16.
Me,for instance!
No no no ....... MOI!
dpoly1 - Playing the lottery to save the jobs of those that build, transport, sell & maintain luxury items! -
Eschew Poverty ........... Vote Conservative!
Congratulations to this jackpot winners in Iowa.
I agree that it is an uphill battle to prevail in court. They have one potential angle that could work. We hear time and again that the rationale for disclosing names is to create confidence in the buying public that it is real people winning. They can argue that all the publicity over the years has eliminated that need and the state no longer has a compelling interest to disclose names. If the state no longer has a compelling interest, then the privacy rights of the winners could trump the state's right to publicity. If a judge weighs the two interests, he (or she) could rule for the lottery winners. It is a longshot, of course.
"If the state no longer has a compelling interest, then the privacy rights of the winners could trump the state's right to publicity."
There is a compelling precedent because by signing the back of the ticket, the prize winner is agreeing to lottery's rules and regulations. A judge could issue an injunction until it's settled in court but the prize will be not distributed until of the court makes it final ruling and this isn't the Iowa Lottery's first rodeo.
Al signed the back of the ticket right below where it says something like "Iowa Lottery game rules and regulations and Iowa law apply to all games, tickets, transactions, drawings, and prizes". If the Iowa Lottery rules say Al's full name is public record and will be disclosed to the media, Al already agreed to the Lottery rules by signing the ticket.
In January, the Iowa Lottery established a precedent involving the anonymity of jackpot winners.
"Shaw, who had signed the ticket as a trustee for an entity he called the Hexam Investment Trust, never revealed who was in the trust. Iowa Lottery officials gave him a deadline: Tell us who you represent by 3 p.m. Friday afternoon or forget about collecting the millions."
And the Iowa "State lawmakers gave Iowa Lottery officials high marks Tuesday for the way they handled the mysterious circumstances surrounding a winning Hot Lotto jackpot that went unclaimed when attorneys representing a trust that turned in a valid ticket withdrew a claim for the multimillion-dollar prize last week."
or maybe argue that since they came out in person... that that is all the 'proof' that the public is entitled to.
Yes, that makes a lot of sense.
Extraordinary Popular Delusions & the Madness of Crowds -- Charles Mackay LL.D.
I saw parts of their interviews on CBS and many of them said they hadn't slept or thought about anything else since learning they won even though their share of the winnings was only $6M. I've seen interviews of single winners of $10M jackpots that weren't nearly as excited. I guess it's the size of the jackpots and not the share of the jackpot that people get excited about.
* The fundamentals of winning a lottery jackpot * * play a lottery you can win *
From the picture, I count 18 out of 20 winners. Looks like two of the smartest stayed away from the fanfare.
congrats to all.
YES!!!! Happy to see some Union Brothers and Sisters win this jackpot!!!! I am a proud Union member myself!!!!!
Congrats to the winners! Looks like party time!
They must of been steaming when they saw those cameras. That's worst then giving their names. I'm surprised no one warned them. Now the world knows what they look like.
and make your last check bounce.
The state doesn't need a compelling reason. All they need is a law. The winners who don't want to abide by the law are the ones who need a compelling reason. If they're extremely lucky the judge might acccept an argument that releasing their names puts them at risk, but in general the pubic's right to information trumps an individual's theoretical risk. Unless they can demonstrate an imminent danger I don't see a workable argument.
Besides presenting the ticket, this seems to have been organized as a publicity tour for their union. They didn't just know they'd be getting publicity, they wanted it.
So, is it possible to show up on a publicity tour, then ask for privacy, and not be an idiot?
$241 million will buy a lot of Frosted Flakes!
$42,000,000 tonite will buy allot of Cherrios!


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Hape Modern Doll Family Caucasian
We love dolls, for all sorts of reasons. The Modern Doll Family includes a father, a mother, grandpa, grandma, brother and sister. - They each have movable arms and legs and come dressed in colorful clothes. - This doll set is ideal for enc...ouraging children to engage in role-playing. - They can role play different characters providing the opportunity to express themselves freely, enhancing confidence, understanding their and other family members' role and the importance of family. Read More
Product Summary Let your little chef whip up his or her own dishes with this kitchen set. The sturdy wood pieces will withstand th...ousands of pretend dishes, and its big enough that your kids can learn the importance of working with others by sharing the kitchen with a friend. The kitchen set comes with utensils, dishes, and fake food, and the knobs and cabinets open, adding a realistic touch to play cooking. It even has an attached play sink so your kids can clean up after making their favorite dishes.Natural-looking range top features working knobs Winner of the 2007 Parents Choice Recommended Award Made of long-lasting wood with colorful details Includes a utensil rack and sink for realistic play Oven has 1 shelf and pull-down door for authentic look Cabinet with 2 shelves doubles as fridge or cupboard Features utensils, dishes and play food Environment-friendly design Suitable for ages 3 to 6 years Requires basic assembly Measures 21L x 11.75W x 31.25H in. Whats Included Play Kitchen, Dishes, Utensils, Play FoodDescription Your child can host a cooking party in the playroom with this ultimate kitchen set. My Creative Cookery Club features an oven, a range top, utensil rack, sink, and combination fridge or cupboard. Because the shelves open on both sides of the unit, your children can play on either side and still participate in the activity. This set comes with a variety of food items, including pizza, eggs, and sliceable vegetables and bread held together with Velcro tabs. Turning knobs, a see-though oven door, and bright colors will attract your child to this set for hours of creative play. All pots, pans, food, and utensils have smooth, rounded edges to keep your children safe while playing. Recommended ages 3-6 years. Overall dimensions: 21L x 11.75W x 31.25H inches. About Educo Since 1983, Educo� toys have earned international distinction for durability, quality craftsmanship, educational value, and innovative design. Widely known for their bead-and-wire mazes, Educo also offers a variety of high-quality educational toys, including wirewalkers and durable role-play sets. While Educo mazes are a common toy for homes, virtually every maze has also been used in resource centers, classrooms, clinics, and private settings as therapeutic and rehabilitation aids for children and adults who are physically, mentally, or emotionally-challenged. With nearly 25 years of expertise, Educo continues to produce quality, safety-tested educational toys that promote creativity in children at play. Read More
4-wheel drive takes on new meaning with this foot-powered rider Helps your child develop muscle strength and balance Made with FSC...-certified wood and child-safe water based paint Recommended for infants 12 - 36 months Durable enough to be passed on for generations Whats Included 1 Scoot AroundDescription About HaPe International Drawing on decades of child development expertise, HaPe (pronounced hah-pay) International is sensitive to childrens needs whenever they develop and design a new toy. Their toys support children throughout every stage of development. This support starts at a very young age to help nurture and develop their natural abilities. HaPe Internationals first priority is to encourage children in their individual development through building their self esteem. With their high-quality toys and games, they support children as they play, learn, interact and grow. HaPe understands that childrens social, emotional, intellectual and physical health is a key issue, not only for parents but also for a healthy society. Thats why they take this responsibility very seriously and conduct a wide range of toy safety tests. The result is safe, exciting, stimulating toys. Read More
Features: Beautifully illustrated Unique building shapes to build interesting designs Lightweight
Load, travel and tip for hours of construction play. That's the plan with the Blue E-Truck. It takes your child the entire route i...n rugged eco-style. Plan on loads of fun and play with modern design and durable construction. The paints and stains used are all water based and non-toxic. All Hape products sold in North America meet or exceed all applicable safety standards. Dimensions: 6.4 x 5.4 x 5.3 inches. See MORE Trucks here! Read More
Start by joining the puzzle bases together and then twist the shapes on the appropriate post. - Children can make up their own way... to play this stacking and sorting activity. - And after they are done stacking and sorting, this one triples as a puzzle, too. - Made from eco-friendly rubberwood - Nontoxic paints and finishes. - Product size 22/11/2.5 (l/w/h in cm), 0.3 kg Like Stacking Toys? See 'em all here! Read More
A beautifully constructed, heirloom quality wooden xylophone. - When a baby begins with a rap and a tap, who knows what could happ...en next! - This xylophone will develop appreciation for rhythm and music, hand eye coordination as well as sensory perception. - Who knows what musical skills will emerge on this basic beginner xylophone. - A great beginner xylophone. - Dimensions: 11 L x 5.7 W x 1.7 H Read More
The RED-E-Racer will delight Mother Nature and any child who likes vehicles. - The streamlined design features bamboo as its raw m...aterial - that's GREEN. - It has a sporty look. - Detailed with water-based paint. That's ECO friendly too! - DIMENSIONS: 8.97 X 5.27 X 5.27 Toy cars and more! Read More
Use the wand to guide the beads to the end of this durable maze, all of which are safely sealed behind a layer of acrylic plastic.... - The bright and colorful magnetic maze engages children as they pull the balls with the magnetic wand - like magic! - Children will learn how to keep the ball on the magnet around corners and to pull longer ball 'trains'. - A toy that will be used again and again! - Dimensions: 10 square. For 1 player. Read More
Heirloom quality means this set will be around for years and years to come. - The Early Melodies Rhythm Set comes with 3 maple woo...d instruments. - Painted with water-based-paint. - Perfectly designed and constructed for little, active, musically orientated hands. - Shake your booty! Read More
Start your engines, the new Hape Mini's are raring to go! - Don't worry about the gas bill, these stylish cars run on imagination.... - All GREEN-built for lower green-house emissions. - Collect all 8 to complete your collection. - Make sure Dad doesn't steal it and bring to the office! - Package size is 5.51 / 2.76 / 2.76 Toy cars and more! Read More
It's all fun in the tub when you hook-up the jungle waterfall! - The Jungle Waterfall sticks to the tub or tile wall with suction ...cups. - Pour the water into the elephant funnel and watch the monkeys eyes. - Also, the fans spin as the water cascades down the slide. - This toys makes bathtime more fun and exciting for kids. Read More
Painting has never been so much fun! Double sided easel has a chalkboard on one side and wipe-off board on the other. Simple, mode...rn design assembles easily with no tools, no hinges, and no small parts. Includes: - 12 inch x 100 foot paper roll - 4 non-spill paint cups - 4 beginner brushes - Removable storage tray in the base Click Here to get paint, extra brushes and more! Read More
Vroom...Vroom...Vroom! - The Carry Along Play Mat is a colorful take-along play mat that also folds into a toy bag. - Your little ...one will love taking cars, horses, animals for 'drives' along the roads. - Don't forget to wear your seatbelt! - Also, conveniently folds-up into a handy storage bin to help contain the mess. - Dimensions: 36 x 36 Vehicle Play Sets! Read More
Fa la la la la la la... Make 8 paper ornaments to create a gorgeous garland! It 's easy. Just add the paper strips to the stem and... snap together! Includes: - 144 paper strips - Plastic stems and knobs - Ribbon - Easy instructions DEFINITION: If you are anything like us, you have no idea what a garland is. So, here is the definition: a circular or spiral arrangement of intertwined material (as flowers or leaves) - or in this case, paper and wribbon. Read More
I see a pig . . . I see a a red barn . . . - One of our most popular baby and toddler toys, My Giant Floor Puzzle is a 36 inch sof...t, round mat. - It is also a giant 17 piece floor puzzle with large simple pieces. - It is a mat. It is a puzzle. It is two toys in one! - Great colors, shapes and nice, thick padding make it one of our top sellers and a child-expert favorite. - DIMENSIONS: 26 W x 15 H x 1.75 D Like puzzles? See 'em all here! Read More
Save the planet and make a fashion statement, too! Make sweet bracelets, headbands and belts from candy wrappers. Just fold and li...nk! And no, you don't have to eat all the candy to make the jewelry as the wrappers are included. But come to think of it, it would be fun! Includes: - Over 200 pre-cut candy wrappers. - Glue stick with burnishing cap. - Hole puncher. - 9 cords. - 9 beads. - 4 elastic loops. - 30 sticky gems. - Easy instructions. Like Make Your Own Jewelry Sets? See 'em all here! Read More
Gotta love Shrinky Dinks - its a clasic - Make lots of cool Shrinky Dinks designs, create keychains and more! - Over 20 pre-cut sh...apes - 8 colored pencils - Key chains - Magnets - Pipe cleaners - Stands Read More
Mmhmm...that's right. We have real porcelain's you can paint and bake! - Make 6 Porcelain Gifts! - Just paint and bake! - Paint a ...silver frame and add your favorite photo. - Create a fabulous flower vase, design a matching tea cup and heart saucer. Color a mug and decorate a silver jewelry box. - Comes with 12 ceramic paint colors, 2 paint brushes and Easy instructions. Read More
Here is a new TWIST on crayons. - Twist 'em up, twist 'em down, let the coloring fun go round and round! - Twist Up Crayons in 10 ...bright colors are fun to use and mean less broken tipped crayons lying about the house! - Just twist up the bottom of the pen barrel to use your crayons, then twist the opposite direction to store them. Read More
Calming construction toy set with zany creatures that appeal to both boys and girls! - Includes step-by-step, child friendly instr...uctions for building a hammerhead shark, white shark, octopus, piranha, deep sea fish and tropical fish. - Kids can also create hybrids by combining one or more creatures together, or invent their own marine creatures altogether. - Materials are made of resistant high-density foam pieces that are also safe, easy to manipulate and washable. - Pieces are attractively colored to stimulate play and can interlink, stack and rotate at any angle to create a virtually endless variation of creatures you can build! Read More


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Designers with a career in music industry just can't leave their roots behind. Gwen Stefani as one of the hot talents of the past decades in pop, rock and Punk music just couldn't deny her fondness for glammed up and statement looks. In spite of the use of neon yellow and other bright hues, the L.A.M.B Fall 2012 RTW collection radiates ultrafemme sophistication and a youthful vibe. Mod fashion played a crucial role in the creative process which resulted in this versatile and retro chic ensemble parade. The iconic trendsetter status of Twiggy... Read More
The L.A.M.B 2010 spring collection it's definitely an impressive one! It really screams refreshing and success, due to all the clean-cut tailored pieces with a high energy dose of urban detailing. With an African slash eighties reference pointing out, the collection has, no doubt about it, a rocker chic edge. Large pieces of fabrics literally flow in this collection in a great balance with all the leather biker jackets, zippers and tartan inserted. The L.A.M.B. Spring 2010 collection is very eclectic in a very Gwen St... Read More
The 41 year old American hottie Gwen Stefani is the new face of L'Oreal Paris. The ex "No Doubt" singer has signed her way into promoting one of the world's most popular cosmetic brands. Makeup is truly a girls best friend and Gwen Stefani managed to become a true icon due to her trademark red lips and unique fashion style. Her makeup choice is usually kept to a minimum, a clean makeup which enhances the lips more than any other facial feature - Gwen is an original ambassador of ravishing red lips. This is one of the reasons why L'Oreal chos... Read More
Gwen Stefani strikes a pose on the cover of Elle UK April 2011. The beautiful 41-year-old singer, designer and the new face of L'Oréal Paris, sits for a talk with her best friend Shirley Manson whom she met in the early 1990s. The two chat about how Gwen manages to stay in shape and her workout schedule, her fashion line, makeup, but also about marriage and what drives her. On this last issue, she told the magazine that passion is her best motivation. "I think of myself as really lazy. My ideal day would be to never get out of bed. ... Read More
Elle magazine comes with a special edition for its May issue, honoring the women in music who sound off in 2011. Therefore, Adele, Robyn, Nicki Minaj, Willow Smith, Florence Welch, Jennifer Hudson, Aretha Franklin, Hillary Scott, Feist, Stevie Nicks are featured inside the magazine, talking about their music, writing songs and inspiration. Since a festive issue needs an appropriate cover, all-around bombshell Gwen Stefani rocks her blonde locks and strikes a sexy pose for Elle May 2011. The 41-year-old hot super-mom talks to the mag... Read More
Gwen Stefani's amazing style has inspired women all over the world, so no wonder that her L.A.M.B spring 2012 collection has been anxiously awaited at the New York Fashion Week. Although Gwen wasn't able to make it to the unveiling of her most recent fashion collection, her fans and fashion lovers were present to enchant their eyes with the label's latest amazing designs. For the L.A.M.B spring/summer 2012 collection, Gwen Stefani has drawn inspiration from the amazing military as well as Indian sari designs and has flawlessly merged and tra... Read More
She is smoking hot and a super stylish diva, but also a talented singer and designer, and she has two adorable kids with husband Gavin Rossdale. Stunning Gwen Stefani lands on the cover of InStyle's November 2011 issue. The 42-year-old beauty looks amazing in a Marchesa dress and Lorraine Schwartz bangles. In the interview with the magazine, Gwen sits down for a chat and dishes about music, fashion, family, but also about her hair color and her trademark red lips. The No Doubt singer has some important projects on the works as she ... Read More
With a new album soon to be launched, Gwen Stefani has stepped back into the spotlight looking spectacular and Harper's Bazaar is showing us plenty of fun and glam examples that show her beauty in a different manner from what we might expect. Despite aiming to be an early fall editorial, the photo-shoot oozes spring and optimism with floral accessories and pink tones. In the accompanying interview with the magazine, the star reveals how she approaches her beauty routine, the secret behind her rocking body among many others. Given the fact th... Read More
A Gwen Stefani OPI nail polish line featuring 7 shades is in the works for 2014. If the latest OPI Mariah Carey line has left you wanting for more, you'll be pleased to know that right after the holidays, beginning with January, the new collection will hit the stores. The new line is meant to celebrate "the role of music as a major influence in fashion" and the star was the perfect choice, according to OPI Executive VP and Artistic Director Suzi Weiss-Fischmann: "With her expertise as a singer, songwriter and designer, who better to collabor... Read More
There's no doubt! Gwen Stefani is pregnant with her third child. The star sure knows how to deliver a great news: looking gorgeous in an elegant sparkly fringed gown looking radiant alongside hubby Gavin Rossdale at the Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts Inaugural Gala presented by Salvatore Ferragamo. Gwen Stefani's pregnancy rumors intensified recently when her friend, rapper Eve had a slip tongue in an interview and stated "Well she's preggers! She's chilling." Even so, the singer did nothing to confirm or deny the news... Read More
It's all about the fame and money, probably not! However it seems that great celebrities have also a hidden and later efficiently explored talent for creating clothes and even whole collections inspired by their own unique style. These sooner or later enjoy public praise which induces them to continue their career in this domain. There's nothing surprising in the fact that prominent figures both from Hollywood and even the catwalk engage into a long and fabulous process of designing. However it seems that some might wear these clothes withou... Read More


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Adobe Lightroom (Session 1)
Date: 18th May 13
Time: 9:45AM - 5:30PM
Location: The Cave, Linear House, Greenwich, SE10 8RS
Postcode: SE108RS
Contact: London Region
Cost: £35.00
Members Rate: £30.00
Type: Workshops
Region: London
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom delivers a complete workflow solution for the digital photographer from importing, reviewing, organizing, and enhancing digital images to publishing photos, producing presentations, creating photo books and web galleries, and outputting high-quality prints.
On Saturday 18th May RPS London region will again be running a repeat session of the first in this short series of Adobe Lightroom Workshops. The workshop is aimed at beginners or existing users who feel they are not utilising the workflow solution to its best advantage.
The aim of the first workshop is to introduce you to the Lightroom features below:
- What Lightroom does and how the files work.
- The workspace - Adjusting layouts and customising.
- Importing - Organising, renaming, backing up, creating presets and file destinations.
- Reviewing - Navigating, viewing, comparing, rejecting and deleting
- Organising - Moving and synchronizing files & folders, collections, keywords, Metadata, flags and ratings, searching
The workshop will be given using a large TV Screen and notes supplied in various formats (hard copy, PDF, Epub for ipad/iphone), however to get the best out of the workshop it is recommended that you bring a laptop with Lightroom loaded on. If you do not have a copy of Lightroom, you can download it from Adobe.com with 1 months free trial. To ensure there are enough of the right type of photos for the workshop, a memory stick with a selection of photos to work on will be provided, however if you would prefer to use your own photos please have them ready for importing from a card reader/memory stick.
An approximate time table for the day is given below. The exact timetable will depend on various factors such as the level of existing knowledge within the group and the weather.
9:45 - 10:15 - Coffee
10:15 -11:30 Introduction to Lightroom and using the work space.
11:30 -12:45 Importing
12:45 - 14:00 Lunch & optional photo shoot
14:00 - Reviewing & organising part 1
15:30 - 16:00 Tea break
16:00 - Reviewing and organising part 2
17:00 - 17:30 - Finish


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Grooming and Supplies for Shows
Hoof Brush and Pick
$1.95This brush has a sturdy 7" plastic handle and a 1-1/2" by 1/2" brush, just the right size for goat hooves. Learn More -
Calm Coat Pre-Clip
$9.95The only pre-clipping product available, Calm Coat takes the stress out of clipping. Creates a high quality, even, smooth cut. 16 fl. oz nonaerosol spray bottle. Learn More -
Deep Freeze Conditioning Shampoo
$15.25This refreshing shampoo relaxes and cools rapidly. Effective on over-heated animals and those who have engaged in strenuous activity. 1 pt. plastic bottle. Learn More -
Grooming Brush
$6.35This grooming brush is the best one we've found for goats. It's inexpensive and works better than brushes twice the price. Learn More -
Andis Clipper Oil
$1.50Use this clipper oil often to maximize clipper and trimmer performance and blade life. 4 oz. resealable bottle. Learn More -
Showsheen Hair Polish
$11.95This popular spray for horses can be used on goats to make their coats shiny for the show ring. 16 oz. bottle. Learn More -
Wipe Out Waterless Shampoo
$10.95Our new waterless shampoo cleans your goat's coat without soap and water. 1 qt. bottle. Learn More -
Goat Shampoo
$7.90Our goat shampoo's cleansing lather is unbeatable for getting out dirt and oils, even on smelly bucks. Learn More -
Show Kit
$51.70Here's what you need to make your goats look good in the show ring at a 15% savings over buying items individually. Learn More -
Blade Carrying Case
$16.95Now you can protect your clipper blades when you're not using them with this handy carrying case. Learn More


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Breaking News:
The LEFT fears us so let's continue to remain STRONG and focused!
To be added to the Southern CA TEA Party meeting list please email Dr. B
Please become a member of this site for automatic updates
Golden State TEA Party events
Coming to Temecula and San Diego!
Time to revive the Tea Party in Southern CA!!
The TEA Party was present and heard at the CRP Convention!! Good job all!


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ARO is an abbreviation for:
Action Racing Online
Find a translation for ARO in other languages:
Select another language:
What does ARO mean?
- ARO was a Romanian off-road vehicle manufacturer located in Câmpulung-Muscel. The first ARO vehicles were produced in 1957, and the last in 2003. For a short while, Daihatsu-powered AROs were produced in Spain and Portugal under the brands Hisparo and Portaro, respectively. In Italy, Volkswagen-powered AROs were produced by ARO-Ciemme and sold under ACM brand. Production of ARO vehicles have restarted under the aegis of a Czech company called Auto Max Czech.
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"ARO." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2013. Web. 19 Dec. 2013. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/554604>.
ARO also stands for:
- Academic Research Online
- Academic Research Organization
- Aerosol Solid
- After Receipt of Order
- After Run Oil
... and 16 more »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
Alternative search:
- Search Action Racing Online on Amazon.com
- Search Action Racing Online on Google


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Jerry "Iceman" Butler was an A-list soul singer, playing with Curtis Mayfield and Otis Redding. Today, he mulls taxes and healthcare as the longest-serving member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners. There was
Read More »Copyright © 2011 - The Chronicle
Website designed by Nu expression of Winston-Salem, NCBack to Top


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SOURCE Fannie Mae
Full-Year Growth of Two Percent Still Expected Despite Choppy Quarterly Pattern
WASHINGTON, Sept. 17, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Driven by better net exports and stronger inventory build-up than originally reported, revised economic growth in the second quarter surprised on the upside at a 2.5 percent annualized rate, a sizable upgrade from the previously released sub-2 percent pace. According to Fannie Mae's (OTC Bulletin Board: FNMA) Economic & Strategic Research Group, the upward revision for last quarter has neutralized the previously anticipated strengthening in the current quarter, which also faces potential downside risks from monetary and fiscal policy concerns, rising oil prices, and further mortgage rate increases. However, growth is expected to pick up again in the fourth quarter as fiscal drag fades and household wealth continues to rise. Despite the choppy quarterly pattern, the Group's full-year growth forecast of 2 percent remains unchanged from the beginning of the year.
"Incoming data for the current quarter paint a mixed picture, but overall we expect economic growth to slow from the surprising pace seen last quarter," said Fannie Mae Chief Economist Doug Duncan. "On the bright side, consumer spending appears to be improving from the tepid pace seen at the beginning of this quarter. Although Americans may continue to exercise caution, real consumer spending growth should improve modestly to slightly over 2 percent in the current quarter."
"With regard to housing, all eyes now are turned toward the Federal Reserve, which is expected to begin scaling back its asset purchase program this week," said Duncan. "Mortgage rates have increased more than 100 basis points since early May, and we anticipate that trend to continue, albeit gradually, during the next year. Despite the rise in mortgage rates, we expect the housing recovery to continue, with the mortgage market shifting away from refinance activity and more toward purchase activity. We project that purchase mortgage originations will account for more than half of total originations starting in the fourth quarter of 2013."
For an audio synopsis of the September 2013 Economic Outlook, listen to the podcast on the Economic & Strategic Research site at www.fanniemae.com. Visit the site to read the full September 2013 Economic Outlook, including the Economic Developments Commentary, Economic Forecast, Housing Forecast, and Multifamily Market Commentary.
Opinions, analyses, estimates, forecasts, and other views of Fannie Mae's Economic & Strategic Research (ESR) Group included in these materials should not be construed as indicating Fannie Mae's business prospects or expected results, are based on a number of assumptions, and are subject to change without notice. How this information affects Fannie Mae will depend on many factors. Although the ESR Group bases its opinions, analyses, estimates, forecasts, and other views on information it considers reliable, it does not guarantee that the information provided in these materials is accurate, current, or suitable for any particular purpose. Changes in the assumptions or the information underlying these views could produce materially different results. The analyses, opinions, estimates, forecasts, and other views published by the ESR Group represent the views of that group as of the date indicated and do not necessarily represent the views of Fannie Mae or its management.
Fannie Mae enables people to buy, refinance, or rent a home.
Visit us at: http://www.fanniemae.com/progress
Follow us on Twitter: http://twitter.com/FannieMae
©2012 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.


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'Twilight's' big weekend
'Breaking Dawn' dominates weekend box office
UPDATED 5:31 AM MST Nov 19, 2012What's bigger than Bond? Vampires!
The views expressed are not those of this site, this station or its affiliated companies. By posting your comments you agree to accept our terms of use.blog comments powered by Disqus


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Division Vote on Proposed Legislative Amendments - December 2013 Vote via the Qualtrics link sent via email. If you did not receive an email from Qualtrics for this vote, please contact Heather Alden. Voting will close on December 31, 2013
School of Medicine Faculty Vote for One School of Medicine Representative Vacancy on the Committee on Committees for 2013-16 - voting to close on December 20, 2013 School of Medicine faculty members are eligible to vote for their next Representative on the Committee on Committees. The candidates are Rena Fox, MD and Mallory Johnson, PhD.
Vote via https://senateserviceportal.ucsf.edu. Voting will close on December 20, 2013.
For questions related to the vote, please contact Heather Alden or George Michael.
Workspace Planning Articles Please find below links to additional workspace planning articles, including a new article titled, "Surprising Office Politics at UCSF Mission Bay: Why does it cost too much to build offices for medical faculty in Mission Hall?" (Updated 11/25) by Chris Newfield
Faculty Concerns about the Activity-Based Workplace Planned for the Mission Bay Academic Building and Beyond UCSF faculty members are concerned about the plans for an activity-based workplace in new and remodeled space at Mission Bay and Parnassus. For more information and to add your name and/or comments, click here.
Faculty Workspace Task Force Recommendations presented at the May 13, 2013 Division Meeting.
Appendix D - portfolio of workspace articles.
2014 UC Health Plan information for the UCSF community from the Academic Senate The UC Systemwide Academic Senate Committee on Faculty Welfare (UCFW) has posted an open letter in response to the many questions they have received regarding the new UC health plan options for 2014.
The letter outlines some of the issues that faculty and the rest of the UC community should consider when choosing among health plans during the current 2014 Health Benefits Open Enrollment (ending November 26 at 5:00 pm). The letter does not take a stand on any particular plan or choice, but rather attempts to outline some of the trade-offs between cost and choice.
Questions regarding the UCFW open letter or any other feedback for UCFW or the UCSF Committee on Faculty Welfare should be directed to:
Individual questions about Open Enrollment and health plan choices should be directed to Sue Forstat, UCSF Health Care Facilitator.
UCSF Academic Senate's Thirteenth Annual Faculty Research Lecture in Clinical Science awarded to Kristine Yaffe, MD The Academic Senate is pleased to announce the selection of Kristine Yaffe, MD, as recipient of the Thirteenth Annual Faculty Research Lectureship – Clinical Science for her ground-breaking patient-oriented research on the epidemiology of dementia. The lecture, titled "Optimizing Cognitive Aging" will take place on Monday, October 28, 2013 at 3:30 p.m. in Cole Hall, Parnassus Campus and a reception will follow.
To view the "live simulcast" for viewing from your computer, click here.
Latest University of California News Stay current on the latest UC Systewmide Academic Senate news via the Senate Source newsletter.
Indirect Cost Waiver Policy Task Force Report - Academic Senate Review October-December 2013
The Academic Senate Committees on Research, Academic Planning & Budget and the School Faculty Councils are reviewing the recommendations of the Indirect Cost Policy Waiver Task Force at their meetings in October, November and December. For more information please reference individual committee web pages or contact individual committee Chairs or Analysts.
UCSF Academic Senate Membership. The UCSF Academic Senate Membership Task Force continues to make progress on Senate membership issues on our campus. More information about the efforts to date may be found here.
UCSF Faculty Voting Standing Rule enacted October 1, 2013 where permitted by existing rules and structures*
Definitions: Full-time: Per the University of California Academic Personnel Manual (APM) faculty members appointed to Academic Senate series (i.e. Ladder Rank, In Residence or Clinical X) series must have a full-time commitment to the University. For example, for In Residence faculty members APM 270-16 states, "100% of employment allocated among one or more appointments to academic titles or be certified by the Chancellor (or designee) that his or her sole professional commitment is to the University". Peers: All full-time faculty including Ladder Rank, In Residence, Clinical X, Health Sciences Clinical and Adjunct who are at or above the level of the proposed action. Academic actions: All promotions, barrier steps, accelerated/decelerated actions greater than two years and appointments (except those below Assistant 3). Voting matters: All academic action votes as well as those related to departmental, school and UCSF campus governance. The new Standing Rule was approved by a 85.4% of the 638 UCSF faculty member votes received. Additional information may be found here.
*This Standing Rule has been enacted on October 1, 2013 for all matters that do not require additional configuration. Some related efforts, including bylaw revisions, departmental procedures and the configuration of campus systems are in progress and will require additional time before implementation.


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SOURCE Hangzhou Tourism Commission
Hangzhou rolls out a global tourism souvenir exchange platform
HANGZHOU, China, Oct. 22, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- The world's largest travel site TripAdvisor formally granted the Traveler's Choice 2013 "Top 10 Destinations of China" award to the city of Hangzhou on October 15. On the same day, the Modern Marco Polo Global Souvenir Exchange Campaign was officially launched. Hangzhou is once again eager to welcome travelers from all corners of the globe.
(Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20131022/CN99305LOGO)
The Modern Marco Polo Global Souvenir Exchange Campaign is one of several initiatives under the "Modern Marco Polo -- Hangzhou Doctors" global recruitment campaign. As part of this campaign, Hangzhou seeks to preserve the spirit of Marco Polo's mission -- to encourage travelers to share their knowledge and experience of the local customs and different cultures of cities across the globe through travel souvenirs and memorabilia on the social media platform Facebook. As the organizer, Hangzhou will provide its famous silks, Buddhism-themed postcards and oil-paper umbrellas in exchange for other participants' souvenirs and memorabilia, expressing the city's good wishes to everyone, everywhere. Anyone who would like to participate in the campaign only need upload the most representative photos of their city souvenirs on Facebook and add their post to the related activity blogs on the Hangzhou Facebook homepage. Then, Hangzhou will kick off the souvenir exchange for supporters and fans. During the campaign, the homepage will also include a special topic section, presenting memorabilia from the countries along the route taken by Marco Polo during those years, allowing visitors to the site to share in an interesting and interactive experience. During the same period, the city will also launch the "My Chinese Costumes" campaign, providing fans worldwide with an opportunity to interact with and experience Chinese traditional dress and to appreciate the beauty of the silks of China's Hangzhou.
The link to the Modern Marco Polo Global Souvenir Exchange Campaign:
The link to the "My Chinese Costumes" campaign:
©2012 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.
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Game of Thrones Boxed Set
- Standard Shipping: 12/16, 12 pm ET
- 1-2 Business Days: 12/20, 12 pm ET
- Next Business Day: 12/23, 12 pm ET
From #1 New York Times bestselling author George R. R. Martin comes the Game of Thrones Boxed Set -- a true gift for fans of the show or Martin. The set features the Song of Ice and Fire series, and includes "A Game of Thrones" (the basis for the original HBO series), "A Clash of Kings," "A Storm of Swords," and "A Feast for Crows." The Game of Thrones Boxed Set is simply a must-own!


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Individual colored gems are a smart candy choice for weddings, bar/bat mitzvahs, bridal/baby showers, or for any event where you need a specific candy color.
Approx. 500 pieces per pound.
This product is fragile and is especially heat sensitive. We will package carefully and with ice packs when needed however we cannot be responsible for damage incurred during shipping.Kosher: Please see our Kosher FAQ View Kosher Certificate (PDF)
Add to Wishlist
Candy Coated Chocolate Gems - White SKU: 1687B
Choco Candy Almonds - Pastel Yellow SKU: 1448B
Pacifier Candy - Assorted SKU: 1364B
Bulk Candy Store is Upfront


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Dads Divorce® provides divorce tips, information, and resources for men and fathers.
Our site is sponsored by Cordell & Cordell, the nation's largest men's divorce law firm.
Men's RightsThe website MensRights.com focuses on areas that directly violates men's rights and fathers rights. |
Child SupportArticles relating to child support, including how much you should be paying and when does it stop. |
Child CustodyWhat are my chances of gaining child custody? How can I get custody of my chlid? Read the answers. |
Divorce ResourcesFree resources for divorced dads, including divorce guides, child support calculators and state laws. |
In The NewsDadsDivorce.com and Cordell & Cordell are frequently featured in the news, including the Huffington Post. |