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In this Discussion
- Aaron D. IL November 2012
- bent metal November 2012
- Browniepetersen November 2012
- commodorecollector November 2012
- DavidC November 2012
- DocHubler November 2012
- Frankiec November 2012
- GrimGreaser November 2012
- hudsonsplasher1 November 2012
- hudsontech November 2012
- Jon B November 2012
- MikeWA November 2012
- onerare39 November 2012
- PAULARGETYPE November 2012
- rambos_ride November 2012
- SuperDave November 2012
- Tallent R November 2012
- walts garage-53 November 2012
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First project car!
Hey guys getting my first project car on Saturday. It's a 1949 Hudson Commodore 6 all original Georgia car never been restored for a steal at $1000. Is actually in great shape. It's all there and minimum rust and no rot. I'm only 16 so I'm gonna be here often for questions!! It was running 3 years ago but has been sitting since... My question (for now lol) is what steps should i take to be able to start this beast up? Should I change oil/ fuel? Stuff like that. And please be specific :) I can't wait to get some experience in the auto field! (I'm not a total automotive noob btw). Thanks a bunch guys!!! I'll post pics on Saturday!
Welcome!! :) Sounds like a great project car. I won't comment on your question, there are many other people on here who know more about that kind of stuff than I. But I will say, don't take it apart and get overwhelmed. Get her running, like your doing, and drive her around and enjoy the ride. :D
Thanks bent metal!
Hey Frankcaputo24gmailcom, Welcome to the forum. You'll get lots of good advise here. Just ask away. Sounds like you're on the right track already. Start with changing the old gas. If it hasn't run in a few years, I would suggest dropping the oil pan and doing a good cleaning. You can check the condition of the engine at the same time. Any history from the previous owner is always good. I would also suggest joining the Hudson Essex Terraplane Club. You'll get an award wining magazine with info on restoration and venders with parts for sale. Also local chapters with people that can help. Looking forward to pictures. Good luck.
Gene Birdsall -
The first thing is to drain the gas tank and put about 10 gallons of new gas in, then add STA_BIL, follow can directions. Un hook gas line at carb, put the line in a quart bottle and spin engine till gas comes out and check color and any dirt. When clean, connect back to carb, spray some starter fluid into carb, but not while engine is turning over. It should start and run. Good idea to change motor oil first, crankcase holds 7 quarts on oil change and 8 if filter is also changed. Good way to start, Walt.
Wow thanks guys!! I wouldn't have though of any of that, I will certainly give all that a try come Saturday!! I can't contain my excitement! :D
Well if it was running that recently it may have old gas in the tank. There is a drain plug in the bottom to let it out but its an odd size. 5/16 as I recall , I use a piece of tool steel from my lathe and a adjustable wrench.
Before you try to start it see if the motor will turn ,if belt is good and tight just pulling on it should do.
If it moves thats good of course ,then drain out the oil and pay attention to what comes out. If anything odd or nasty or milky looking comes out you need to take the pan off. If it just looks like used oil and runs out nice and quick go ahead and refill.
Then use a air hose and blow off the top of the motor ,clean all around the spark plugs real good. Then take each one out one at a time and pour a little ATF ot Marvel Mystry Oil in each hole. Reinstal each plug and then you can proceded to check for spark and gas and attempt to start it without too much fear of causeing damage.
There are folks that say you need to pull the pan off before trying to start a "Barn Find". In your case that is not easy on a stepdown. I prefer to see what I have a go from there - But thats me pull the pan if you want to make sure its not all full of crap.
If it was running 3 years ago it probably had modern detergent oil in it so I wouldnt worry too much,
RogerRetired Tech. -
Welcome to the forum and hope you will join the club! It is nice to see younger folks interested in Hudsons! If you're like the rest of us, you'll be completely hooked in no time.
It's a three on the tree, Im not sure if it has O/D. And thanks everyone for the advice! I'll be working on it all day Saturday!! :D
Welcome to the Hudson community! Is your 49' Hudson Commodore 6 a sedan or coupe?
Wyotech Sacramento Grad 2013
- Collision and Refinishing
-Applied Service Management
NW Chapter
Collecting, Restoring and Selling Hudson's -
If it has overdrive it will have what looks like a "Vent Knob" under the dash and to the right of the steering column. And there would be a small switch noticeable in the floor under the gas pedal. Another giveaway is underneath a big solenoid on the side of the transmission allong with another control device.
RogerRetired Tech. -
Frank (?):
Welcome to the fellowship of crazy Hudson enthusiasts! At $1,000, it sounds like you got a bargain!
Amen to the suggestions you've been given by our goodly crew, including:
1). Drain oil, drop the pan and give it a thorough cleaning before putting in new oil. I am sure you really, really want to get this thing running (I haven't forgotten what it's like to be sixteen!) but you could really ruin the engine if the pan is full of filthy oil with contaminants and junk that could clog the oil passages in the engine.
2). Drain the gas and get some new gas in there (this stuff is so bad now that it can go bad over a winter....let alone three or four years).
3). Join the H-E-T
4). Change the Hudsonite in the clutch (especially if the clutch behaves weirdly once you get the car going). As has been said, the corks in the clutch may stick, but this can be remedied without major surgery -- get back to us if you have a problem. Hudsonite is still available but you can also substitute ATF in a pinch (the folks here can tell you which ATF is best).
5). Remove, examine, gap and clean (if necessary) the spark plugs.
To these ideas I would add a few of my own:
1). Make sure you have a good 6-volt battery. If the starter seems sluggish (and because the car hasn't run in 3 years) the battery may be bad. There are several companies still making 6-volt batteries so don't grab the first one you see. Get one with a good rating for CCA (cold cranking amps). In the high 700's is a very good rating.
2). Be SURE to clean off all the battery connections. Take off the ground strap and battery cable and (using a cable cleaning tool) clean both the battery terminals and the ground / cable clamps. You might want to check where the ground strap attaches to the frame, remove that, clean and sand the connection and replace. And note that there will probably be another ground strap, from engine or transmission to the frame. Clean that too. POSITIVE GROUND on these Hudsons.
3). Tell us roughly where you're located because there may be a Hudson owner in your area who would be happy to talk to you / give advice / let you see his/her car.
4). The brakes would be an important thing to look at. Pulling the rear brake drums is more difficult for older cars than newer ones, but we can help you with that.
5). Before you invest too heavily in this car, look very carefully at the perimeter frame in the area of the rear wheel wells. This is the problem area if the car has been left outside or driven in the salt. It can be very, very expensive and time consuming to rebuild the frame and we don't want to see you discover this fact only after you have poured a lot of time and money into the car. If the frame is in GOOD condition, you don't have to worry that it will eventually rust; you can sand and paint it so it won't (and of course you're going to keep the car under cover....right?)
6). Do NOT immediately start taking the car apart with the idea of restoring it. This is a mistake that a lot of guys make when they have just acquired an old car. Five years later the car is still in pieces, taking up space in the garage, and no closer to getting on the road! Just get it running safely and have fun with it. You can decide how to "improve" it later.
Have fun but don't neglect your studies in favor of the car! (You will need to get good grades to get a good job, so you will make LOTS of money to pour into this Hudson, LOL!) -
Let us know where you are located, maybe we can get a couple of local chapter members to come over and give you a hand some weekend.
John -
Frankiec I've been where you are. I was 19 (34 now) when I got my first Hudson for a whoping $1300. You're lucky you foud one in that ball park these days. Anyways. All the advice above is sound. 3 reasons a car won't run.... not getting gas. Not getting spark. Or not enough compression. If all those things are present she has to run, even if it runs badly. If you get it running and go through the brakes ect. Then my advise is register it and just drive it. doesn't matter if it needs paint or interior work. All that stuff you can fix up as you go but if you get it running DRIVE IT. If you get it running tune it up, make it safe, and then drive it. Also remember she won't perform like a modern car so be prepared to muscle it around a little when driving because it doesn't have power steering, power brakes, or I'm guessing seat belts. If you've never driven a car of that vintage before it will be intimidating at first but once you're used to it you will love being surrounded by all that American steel.
Lots of good advice here, only thing I might add (and someone may have said it, and I missed it) is after you drain the oil and put new in, and have the sparkplugs out, and have poured a little Marvel Mystery Oil in each cylinder, use the starter to spin the motor a bit, with the sparkplugs out. Without compression, the motor will spin nicely, and get the oil pump working and everything lubed up with the new oil, for an easier start when you get 'er all back together and the BIG MOMENT has arrived.
You can test for spark at the same time- re-attach a sparkplug to one of the plug wires, and lay the plug on the top of the head. While you're spinning the motor, you should get spark across the bottom of the plug. DON'T grab the wire with your bare hands to re-position it while motor is spinning! The insulation value of old spark plug wires is greatly overrated. Don't ask me how I know! LOL
Welcome to the Hudson fraternity- lots of knowledgeable guys on here, and even better, they'll answer your questions without making you feel like you're an idiot. -
Yes - he is right about running the motor with the plugs out . Thats one step I left out, that will run the oil pump and lube all the surfaces, sorry bout that,
RogerRetired Tech. -
Welcome! You've received a bunch of great advice and I second the advice to not disassemble. In my case, a 53 Hornet, i had to due to frozen motor and previous partial disassembly, but it is a slow road. Have fun, and you'll never find a more helpful group than on this forum and in this club
Dave -
Alright guys, today's the day! I'll post pictures as soon as I get it home. And wow thanks Jon! I think yours was the most extensive and specific. Couple questions: what type of oil does this car prefer? It has the straight 6 in it and its the original engine. Also where could I find parts for it? Like oil filter, brake pads and rotors, Hudsonite for the clutch, etc. I tried calling local auto parts stores and the only one that has something similar to what I need is 30 miles away and it's for a 54. Would this work for my engine?
The thing about buying parts at a part store for the Hudson you have is they probably have thepart they just dont know it. The NAPA 1010 filter fits the filter can (there are other numbers too but cant find my book right now). The 54 Hudson is basicly the same car but a lot of particulars were changed. Like the motor was bigger cubic inch wise but parts like water pump were the same. The undercarrige items like A-arms and shocks would be the same. buying brakes you are best off buying from a club member that has them. There are some that can be made to work from a ford or pontiac. But again Ive misplaced my book right now.
As far as the oil since its sound like you have a filter and it has run recently I would use something like 20-50 GTX. Also cocidering the age it may be a good idea to replace the hoses on the oil filter very soon. Or take it off until you do , they are known to break at the most inopertune times,
RogerRetired Tech. -
Found my swaps book , oil filter numbers you can ask for : FRAM C-3,C-3P ;AC #P203 ;WIX #PC-10,CW-10 ;PUROLATOR #P70FR ;LEE # L-70FR. Or ask for one that fit a Mercedes 200d/220dRetired Tech.
To summarize: there are three ways to get Hudson parts:
1. From present-day commercial suppliers like NAPA, AutoZone, Pep Boys, etc. -- you MUST verify the interchange with Hudson guys, do not rely on the guy at the parts counter. (No, the brake shoes do NOT interchange with Ford even though they look identical.) And anyway, that parts guy has never heard of a Hudson so won't be interested in helping you. There are plenty of parts still available 'cause they interchange with more popular makes but ask us first, we can give you the correct interchange or part number.
2. Through Hudson vendors, and there are a good number of them. This is why you need to join the Club and start getting the magazine. And you need to check the Club's website, there is all sorts of information there but Club members can sign in and get more information than just casual browsers. The website is http://www.hetclub.org/
3. Stumble onto them at antique car / street rod flea markets, antique stores, yard sales, estate auctions and so forth. Again, you need to know parts numbers. (You will discover a box of brand new condensers at a flea market, marked down to $2 because the seller only has the part number and doesn't know what it fits; this is your chance to save big bucks, 'cause you happen to know the manufacturer's number for your condenser.)
Start right now: buy a small loose-leaf notebook you can carry around, assemble a book of information on your specific Hudson. Pages for engine part numbers (spark plug numbers, condenser numbers, etc.), types of oil to use, names & addresses of people who sell Hudson parts, and so on. Put your name, address and phone number on the first page so when (not IF) you accidentally leave it somewhere, you have a chance of getting it back. It will be invaluable.
It's an adventure, a treasure hunt. Like a video game but much more fun 'cause it's real life. -
Thanks! And it looks like this guy I'm buying it from is jerking me around about transporting it. Looks like ill get it tomorrow hopefully
When some one says certain brakes "Fit" Hudson they generaly mean they made them work. I have a cam grinder and that is required on most.
Hope he gets it to you soon ,
RogerRetired Tech. -
Just a thought-and a pet complaint of mine. I have spent a lot of years working on old cars. I have at times completed every part of a restoration from a ground up frame. Today I like the term work smarter not harder. Brakes are an example. There is a local brake store near me that now does my brakes. I take a car to them and it comes back with a job well done each time. We just recently did the brakes on my 28 Essex. I traded the rearend out last year and it now has a Mecury Bobcat rear end from 76-80. Parts were not available and much of it was built from their experience base amd modifying in house parts. They did my 36 British built Hudson from in house parts. Their rate is reasonable ($45 per hour plus parts) I have one car that they worked on 12 years ago and they have maintained it since the first visit at no cost; and, I think this is very reasonable way to go.Brownie
That's great advice for us guys who have now reached a state where we have less time than we do money, but Frank (Frankie?) is 16 and -- if he's in the same boat as we were, at his age -- he's probably trying to make every nickel count.
Wherever someone can find an expert to do the job quickly and correctly at a reasonable rate, then (as you say) he'd do better to have a pro do it, rather than spend three times as much time to do it himself and then possibly get it wrong. But when funds are limited (such as when you're 16) you may not have that choice. And anyway, there is a certain satisfaction in skinning your knuckles, making some mistakes, and finally getting it done by yourself. Also, this is really the way to learn how to do stuff.
So, in a few cases Frank may indeed be better off to save up some money and have a pro do certain specialty stuff, but for most of his work it wouldn't be bad for him to try it himself (with our invaluable advice, LOL!). -
All else fails... Take it apart, clean it till it shines, put it back together. Been lucky, that's worked on several carbs (mind the gaskets!) a couple distributors, and recently my old fuel pump I thought was buggered. Haven't bought any sort of carb kit or rebuild kit yet, though one of my accelerator pump fixes isn't 100%. Fixed several float pinholes with JB Weld.
In addition to cleaning the oil pan, spend some time flushing the coolant system. If you can, pull the water pump and water tube and clean the sediment out as best you can.Six in a row makes it GO! -
Grim You are right about carbs , most problems anymore is craped up insides from old gas. I have a favorite carb cleaner that works wonders as long as nothing is realy bad inside. It will eat the old gas out and off you go ,
RogerRetired Tech. -
Welcome aboard. Great people in this club and as you are finding out more than willing to help out. A parts book and/or shop manual are nice to have. Both are in the online library @
http://hetclub.org/burr/lithomepage.htm - the HET Club also has a regular paper library in the custody of John O'halloran.
One of the best pieces of advice given here is to get it running and driveable. THEN start considering a resto. Until you drive it out of the driveway it's just a big dead piece of iron. Once you get it driveable you'll be anxious to get it looking nice. One step at a time and don't bite of to big a piece at a time.
Alex Burr
Memphis, TN -
You will be surprised with the quality of the car you have bought. That is why the clean it and put back together works out so well on these cars. You will find all the fasteners will come apart with a little work and time. They generaly dont break off like a brand-x car will. I use ATF or Marvel Mystry Oil as a rust penatrant if needed . Dont get to exited if the brakes are down quite often refilling the master cylinder and bleeding is all that is needed. The leak may never be obvious till much later. Also the car has "A Back-Up Brake System" that if adjusted properly applies the rear cable brakes if the hydrolic's fail. Somewhat elaborate mechanism but quite effective,
Retired Tech. -
Let us know where you are, there may be some local Hudson Nut, who may be able to help or at least sympathize with you! LOL
Dave in Fl -
Now Im wondering - wheres the Hudson? Did your deal fall thru?


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So me and my friends were walking past a store at 11:30 when i was in 7th grade it was a couple of months before July so there was some firework stands open so i bought some Sparklers and one lone cop pulled up he was kinda okay i whispered To the guy next to me that i about to pee my pants (me being 13 at the time) the cop looks right at me and says you look nervous do you have... Read More »
Look up "guts" in the dictionary and you may find ...
One time I was with a few friends and we were off to go smoke a joint. We went onto this trail in the woods that had the occasional jogger or dog walker but nothing to bad. We smoke the first joint but see someone walking a dog farther down the path coming towards us so we bail. Later we cant decide wether or not to come back but end up making a huge loop and returning to the... Read More »
This is a story of when I first moved to Austria. I lived in the outer edge of town, and often walked just outside the boarder to catch a train back into the city because THAT was faster. The suburban area was really quiet at night and I felt really free when I'd be coming home at 3am or whatever, so I would often take little shortcuts and walk through places that weren't meant... Read More »
When I was a junior in highschool randomly we would organize a fight club right after school. We would always get a huge crowd formed into a circle. One time the cops came and everyone ran off. I ran to a street a few blocks away with my friend. We thought we were in the clear, a cop drove up from behind and began talking to us. After a few minutes he messaged in on his radio "... Read More »
My friends and I bought a hookah around October, and being the fine, upstanding citizens that we are, we only smoke it outside, and not in our dorms, exactly twenty feet away from the door to our building. Now we, being college students, also love bud, and have been known to occasionally put some mary-j in our bowl along with the shisha. We've always gotten away with this, as... Read More »
I had just gotten my real license 3 weeks earlier (after 6 months of a learners permit) and was out driving to my friend's house. I was in a quiet residential area out of the way, so I figured it would be fine to break the speed limit by about 10-15 mph since there were surely no cops around. But sure enough, I blazed past a police car, all the while doing 40 in a 25. There go... Read More »


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Blue Morel fka Copeland
Online Reservations
Food and service very good! Great selections include sushi and raw bar, good wine by the glass selections. Wedding let out later in the evening and bar filled with what I would describe not the normal crowd. Time for me to leave, but will be back!
Went for the first time on Mother's Day. I didn't expect much due to the holiday. Food was great, wine list was good. We were not rushed during our meal, which often happens on these typesof holidays. We will return for a non-holiday experience.
Excellent seafood choices and extremely attentive service.
We were looking for a special restaurant to celebrate our daughters 25th birthday and since we eat out often nothing I suggested was special. I googled farm to table restaurants and happened upon this gem. The ambiance is great, service was impeccable, and everyone in our party of 6 thoroughly enjoyed their meals. 4 of us are gluten free and they really catered to our dietary needs and even brought us freshly baked gluten free dinner rolls. My daughter was very pleased with my decision to try Blue Morel and had a wonderful birthday celebration. We will be dining there often!
Food is great and the staff is incredible. They do a fantastic job.
Softshell crab served with the most amazing brussel sprouts: five stars; steak: expensive, tasty, but tough. Drinks: generous. Wait staff: professional. Ambiance: very comfortable Can't wait for the next special occasion to return.
The service was fantastic I am gluten free and always find that challenging. They had many choices for me to pick from and treated me wonderfully thoroughly. They have an on site baker who made fresh gluten free bread for the table! I have never seen that before. Gray job!
We loved everything about our evening. Food was delicious. Service was attentive but not cloying. We will definitely go back.
Went before show at MJAP. Wonderful atmosphere..we were early so it was quiet. Locally sourced prix fix menu was superb. I had the beet salad, duck and blueberry crumble. Remind waitperson if you have a time table. Service slowed a bit between salad and entrée but we really enjoyed the restaurant, staff interaction and food. Highly recommended.
Nice restaurant, good food. Will certainly come again.
Chef Kevin has a deft hand with mixing great ingredients and flavors,
Our only complaint from a recent visit was that the air conditioning was turned up so much that my wife was freezing. After several requests to do something went unanswered, we decided to leave prior to ordering dinner. At that point, the manager found us a pair of seats at the bar, which was in a part of the room with a more tolerable temperature.
Every dish was outstanding. We had the crab cake appetizer and soft shell crab appetizer. Both flavor packed. The main courses were also excellent. Would definitely return.
My wife and I went to The Blue Morel before going to see Harry Connick Jr. in concert and it was the perfect dining spot for a special night out. I had the Sea Bass and it was delicious. My wife tried the soft shell crab and it was equally impressive
Blue Morel is an excellent restaurant; the food is outstanding;
We were pleasantly surprised by Blue Morel. Ambiance was modern and elegant, drinks were tasty and the seafood was fresh and delicious. My husband got the mussels for an appetizer and they were delicious. I couldn't decide between the Chilean sea bass or the scallops for my entree, so they were nice enough to make me a small version of the scallops for an appetizer and they were absolutely delicious. Entrees and dessert were great as well...It was so nice to have such an enjoyable experience in our area. We'll definitely return.
The food was great and the service was impeccable.
We went on Saturday afternoon to celebrate my fiancee's birthday. The service was great. All the food ordered was superb. The tuna tartare and the Lobster Brioche was exceptional. After dinner, I asked the waiter if he could bring out a dessert so we sing to the birthday girl. He came out with the signature dessert which was a chocolate delight. Thanks for making the day a special one
This is a restaurant in Morristown that you can have a nice evening in a quiet & comfortable setting. Reservations are honored and the food and service are very good.
I thought the restaurant was very nice and the food was great. It was a bit pricey though.
Each dish I had was better than the one before. There are some eclectic choices on the menu, all well with trying. Ask the waiter for advice on a wine paring. They all know the menu inside out and they know the perfect wine to compliment whatever you have ordered. Very professional yet very friendly at the same time, somehow never crossing that line of decorum. This is a pricey restaurant but when you taste the lamb meatball or the beef tenderloin you will know where every nickel went. And it was a bargain.
Don't worry that the restaurant is in a hotel , the blue morel is a first class dining experience. The food was an excellent and the service attentive
This place is a consistently a gem! Been here several times and the food is always great. The menus change seasonally and there are always new surprises that include fresh local produce and farm fresh proteins, well prepared. If you like healthy food that is well prepared, this place does not disappoint. Even the bread basket has some unique treats including wafer thin, papadam- like crisps. The bar scene is always lively with a mixed-age crowd. As this is part of a hotel (Westin), the restaurant and bar attracts both local and out of towners. The drink menu includes drinks with unique natural ingredients along with the spirits.
After discovering Blue Morel a short time ago and falling in love with it, we decided to take my daughter, a connoisseur of red meat and aspiring young foodie, to light up her taste buds. Mission accomplished! The lamb marguez meatball is fabulous, as is the chilled corn vichyssoise. The beef tenderloin is pure magic, so tender you can almost cut it with your fork. And it's a big piece of meat too. The 20 oz. ribeye steak is also a wonderful choice. Kudos to the kitchen for cooking the meat exactly how you want it. There is so much more to try at Blue Morel and we have barely scratched the surface. The wait staff is made up of foodies who love their job. Ask them about wine pairings for your meal. They won't disappoint. BM is a new fave.
We come to Blue Morel for special Occasions and I have never been disappointed. The food from the appetizers to dessert are consistently excellent. The cinnamon-chili Chilean sea bass is one of my favorite entrees, it bursts with flavor and continues to delight with each bite. The wait staff is very attentive and friendly. We always enjoy our evenings even when it isn't a special occasion.
Sea Bass is great. The crab cakes are excellent- truly crab without filler. Chicken is done well. Nice wine list. Desserts are tasty but the "pie" was a tart and the ice cream skimpy.
We had a marvelous dining experience at Blue Morel. The food was divine. There were four of us and we all agreed about this. The tables are spaced well so that you are not on top of your neighbors. The decor is very beautiful. I would like it even better if they turned up the lights a little more. . It is so nice to have such a wonderful restaurant close to us in New Jersey. We look forward to our next visit.
The shrimp and the lox are really good. also the complimentary mimosa. Was disappointed in the "prime rib" (overdone and tough) and that the salmon ran out about 1:30. A veal main dish that I have had in prior visits is better than the beef. also, only one of the desserts was house-made and the "bought" things like eclairs were not very good (e.g., it is not "real" whipped cream but rather some aireated thing.) Best enjoyed in a group of 4 or more so you can relax and converse between visits to the buffet.
The crab cakes and potato soup were fantastic. Service was wonderful, we would definitely return.
We decided that afternoon to finally use a gift certificate and were able to get a reservation, which we arrived 15 minutes early and were accomofated. There were people there, but we had our own little area and our server made us feel like we were the only ones there. They started us with the famous pretzel bread (that Copeland had me hooked on), we had the cold corn soup and octopus to start, both were fresh and delicious. For dinner, I had the scallops and my date had the chilean sea bass. The scallops were tasty and cooked to perfection, but the sea bass was absolutely divine! For dessert we split a hawaiian coffee, strong! The blueberry cobbler was yummy too, but the corn ice cream wasn't great with it.
A great experience. The steaks were very tasty. The rib-eye had a smoky quality that really set it apart. Just when i thought the dinnercouldn't get better, the dessert jumped out at us. Fantastic. I also had no idea they were going to do this, but they asked if there was an occaision when confirming the reservation. They wished my wife a happy birthday when we arrived, and brought out a platter of desserts for her with "happy birthday" written in chocolate script framing the top. Above and beyond. A bit pricey, but not if it were in Manhattan. Worth the cost though. Recommend this highly for a special occasion.
a little note to say how wonderful the Blue Morel is ...fantastic food, superb service and upscale beautiful decor..a winner
My 2PM Saturday lunch experience at Blue Morel had highlights and lowlights. Highlights included an excellent quality lobster brioche sandwich with just the right amount of mayonnaise and nice spices and a really nice blue fingerling potato soup with surprisingly perfect complimenting ingredients. Lowlights were the 2PM closing of a hotel-based restaurant dining room and relegation to the bar for food service as well as a lunch bill of almost $50.00. Last I looked, lobster was still selling for historic lows at the wholesale markets, making a $26 price tag for a sandwich seemingly unconnected to reality.
Wine on the wine not available although the substitute recommended was a winner. Two meals appetizers to desserts , wine over $400 for two so it needs to be exceptional. One meal was prepared much better than the other and food felt like it wasn't quite hot enough as if they we waiting for us to finish our apps. I'd try it again for lunch. The staff was very nice
My husband & I come here every year for our anniversary. It is a bit pricey so it's a once in a while treat. We get the raw bar appetizer and it is always fresh and delicious. This time we had a sushi roll and that was wonderful as well. The special drinks and their wine list is huge! The entrees are always done to perfection and the desserts are amazingly unique. You can even get your own French press coffee or, if you don't feel like a sweet dessert, cheese and port. It was a little more noisy than usual this trip because there was a small wedding reception in the private area but it was still pretty quiet and always romantic. You will not be disappointed!
The food was absolutely excellent. Not as expensive as I expected, but every bit as elegant. Service was superior.
Always a good experience for business lunches. Food is fresh and excellent. Service is attentive and friendly without being overbearing. Noise level is acceptable, although it's good to ask the hostess for a quiet table in case there are large groups on any given day. I have been here when large luncheon groups, or overly zealous girlfriends make the after work cocktail hour intolerable.
A true find for hotel Dining Outstanding service Food was a delight for the palate and eye
Every dish was delicious but the mushroom soup was the best I have ever eaten and I've traveled the world.
Wide range of choices on the menu. Great preparation, service and dining experience.
We were celebrating my husbands birthday so we had gone as a family. The food is not kid friendly so the kids did not know what to order. Though the chef did make them a pasta dish it was not very tasty at all. The salads we orderd were very bland. But we had the Squash dish that is on the menu and it was very good. For dessert we had the warm chocolate cake which was very good as well.
I thought the food was delicious. Our server was attentive - overall a lovely evening.
My wife and I had a great evening at Blue Morel. We enjoyed a drink at the bar before dinner and then had a fabulous meal. The crab cake and the mussel appetizers were amazing. The broth with the mussels was delicious. I had the Nantucket Bay scallops and my wife had the sea bass. Both meals were perfectly prepared. We will definitely come back.
First time here as this current iteration. Very pleased with the quality of the food. Server did a good job, but it seemed she was assigned one too many tables. The imaginative menu inspires sharing with neighbors, so dinner became a very social event. Great fun!
I had been to the restaurant before.. Thought the food was terrific. Wentt there for a surprise birthday dinner with friends. They were terrific in keeping the surprise. The ambiance is elegant and spacious. Each plate is removed and new utensils are provided with each course. The waiter was clean in a pressed uniform. My pet peeve is that food arrives cold. The food arrived at the appropriate temperatures. The entree and associated side dishes were hot. I think all the food was great but this chef knows how to do a vegetarian dish. The stuffed squash was delicious. Tired of $$ bland versions of pasta primavera. We ate beet salad, mushroom /viccychoise soup, salad. Salmon, squash, swordfish, pork shank. Wine by glass 3/6 oz choice. Nice.
Husband & wife had Thanksgiving dinner at Blue Morel; a very good experience. We particularly appreciated that they sat adults (like us) in one area, and larger, noisier parties on the other level. Our traditional turkey dinner was very good, and our wine choice was memorable. We'll be back.
If you're looking for delicious food & good service in a quiet setting this is the perfect place to dine in Morristown. My husband and I have enjoyed many meals at this restaurant including this past Thanksgiving. This was the first time we ate out on a holiday and Blue Morel didn't disappoint.
If you want the best prepared, best plated food in NJ, look no further than Blue Morel. Chef Kevin Takafuji (came out to say hello) takes the simple things we are use to eating and makes them better than anyone. As an example just order a side of roasted potatoes and you'll never be the same. Service can be a touch amateurish, but they are friendly and attentive. Ambiance is wonderful, especially at the bar, and for a restaurant that is on the backside of the Weston Hotel, the decor is quite nice, if a bit dated. I can eat here anytime for any occasion. HIGHLY recommended.
Dining at its finest! It was a great evening between the food and the atmosphere! A must!
We were seated promptly but it was a bit overlong before someone initially attended to us. The noise level actually made it difficult to carry on a quiet conversation. We ordered a Chablis and a Sancerre, by the glass. These were unhappily, much more acidic than they should have been. I asked for a replacement, a Rose, but it was still too tart compared to what it should have been. Soups were presented nicely and were excellent. Our entrees, swordfish and chilean sea bass were excellent as well. The service was good but a bit too slow. The side dishes were polenta and broccoli-spinach with cheese. The polenta, although good, was just slightly too "gluey". The cheese in the vegetable was unappparent. Desserts were lovely.


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Motion: | 2004-Nov-#02 |
Topic: | Defend academic freedom against politically motivated legislation. |
Proposed by: | Academic Freedom and tenure |
Disposition: | Adopted 11/04 |
University of North Carolina Faculty Assembly
Resolution on Academic Freedom
Whereas academic freedom is the foundation upon which the mission of discovery and the advancement of knowledge is built, and
Whereas academic freedom can thrive only in an atmosphere where unfettered discussion and open inquiry are encouraged and protected, and
Whereas restrictions from inside or outside the university on the freedom of teaching, research, expression, and publication can actively chill or undermine the advancement of knowledge, and
Whereas, in the recent past, there have been numerous attempts, both locally and nationally, to quell discussion of contentious and important topics in the classroom and beyond, and
Whereas numerous protections for the academic freedom of both students and faculty alike are already substantively built into the codes, missions, and visions of the University of North Carolina system;
Now, therefore, be it resolved that the University of North Carolina Faculty Assembly opposes administrative or legislative measures that would deprive faculty of the authority necessary to teach, to do research, to publish in a manner that meets scholarly standards, and to advance knowledge in an open and unencumbered fashion inside and outside the classroom; and
Be it further resolved that the University of North Carolina Faculty Assembly strongly reaffirms its already stated commitment and responsibility to academic freedom for faculty and students alike; and
Be it further resolved that the Faculty Assembly also strongly reaffirms the University of North Carolina Board of Governors?? code on academic freedom, which ??supports and encourages freedom of inquiry for faculty members and students to the end that they may responsibly pursue these goals through teaching, learning, research, discussion, and publication, free from internal or external restraints that would unreasonably restrict their academic endeavors??; and
Be it further resolved that this University of North Carolina Faculty Assembly calls upon the Office of the President and the Board of Governors to maintain the University of North Carolina system as an open forum where the free expression of ideas is exercised and where diverse views so critical to a quality higher education are expressed in a framework of scholarly inquiry and professional standards.
Unanimously adopted by the UNC Faculty Assembly, November 5, 2004.


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You guys could use some more Vore in your lives.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MX2pMLR ... ure=relmfu
One of THE finest Death Metal bands out there.
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stubby wrote: my floppy penis gets first dibs on it for tradition's sake, but it doesn't seem likely that he'll want to stick around long enough to play.
Ham701 wrote:I went in expecting vore. *shudders*
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MINI has moved from Maidenhead, just down the road to a shiny new dealership in Slough. We are very excited to announce that this is the largest MINI dealership in the Universe and we are feeling very proud!
Please pop in and enjoy a coffee in our fantastic new facilities, on the Bath Road. You can't miss us (orange is very 'in' this season, haven't you heard).
"The level of Customer Service I received from beginning to end was excellent."
"Attention to detail whilst encompassing our opportunity to make an informed supported choice was excellent"
"Very good"
"The dealership was very informative, nothing was too much trouble. Steve Butt who was looking after my MINI is extremely helpful, informative and goes that extra mile. Steve is very knowledgeable. I felt happy to leave my car with Steve and his team."


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A lot of products and services come with free trials and money-back guarntees, which sets the bar pretty low for those who don't/can't provide either. Obviously, the trick is to establish value and show a good fit ahead of time... but if you make the mistake early on, the question/objection still comes up.
How do/have you address/overcome the fact that your product/service does not offer a free trial or no-cost evaluation?


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studentpublicationatsuatcfarmingdale SIAIU UNIVtKifllY D0LLE8E OF TECHNOUMV lAliitlSDAlJE. H* J 1 7 3 J OBRMW/SERIAIS OBT. ^ vol 3 3 no. 15 Legalization of Marijuana by Maida Oringher If the bill recently introduced in the New York Assembly by Franz Leichter (Dem.-Lib.~ Manhattan) should pass, anyone over eighteen could buy a pack of marijuana cigarettes at his local liquor store. The bill is not expected to get out of the Committee on Govern-nwntal Operations this year be-cause, according to Leichter, of the conservatives. But the As-semblyman is optimistic for the future. "More and more people see the similarity between the illegality of marijuana and the prohibition of liquor," Leichter told this reporter at a recent interview. "Moat are beginning to realize that their ideas about the h«rmfuln«ss of marijuana are merely msrths." * From a poll circulated in his district in 1970, Leichter found that 65% of his constituency fa-vored the legalization of mari-juana. Leichter expects even greater support for his bill after results are tal. kI from this years questionnaire. Public opinion from his predominantly liberal Manhattan district, however, will not be strong enough to effect legislative mea.sures this year. Nixon Commission The National Commi.s.sion on Marijuana and Drug Abu.se-13 Nixon appointees"ha.s prepared a formal report due for release ob March 22. The report is expected to recommend abolition of all criminal penalties for private use and possession of marijuana. Leichter pointed out that Nixon chose the n;embers of the pre-dominately conservative Com-mission nikh the idea that they would keep penalties for posses-sion of marijuana, "but when the panel looked at the facts they saw that there was no substance to the myths surrounding the drug." Last year Leichter unsuccessful-ly sought passage of a bill in the Assembly which provifled for a system of control similar to that which applies to alcohol. He has introduced the same bill thb year with some modifications. State Tax on Grass The l a t ^ version calls for the creation of a State Marijuana Au-thority which would "license and regulate growers, producers, man-ufacturers, and distributors of marijuana." The Authority would "require a warning on any pack-age or container of marijuana re-garding possible ill effects on the health of the user." Marijuana would be sold at retail only in licensed liquor stores and be subject t o all present rules and regulations pertaining to such stores, according t o Leichter's bill. The bill stipulates that no one under 18 would be allowed t o buy marijuana, and it would bar adver-tising of the product. " T h e price of a pack of mari-juana cigarettes would blished by the 'working market , said Leichter. The bill also pro-vides for a stale tax to be levied according to a standard to be estabHshed by th' Authority. Leichter said t' at there may be truth to the rumor that some cigarette com,, tv^i''-. n-y already begun to set •»' ^ ,in?»nu-facture marijuana. "It wouiu be something less dangerous than what they manufacture now," he said. Half-HMrted Approach At a press conference held sever-al weeks ago, Leichter "strongly rejected the half-hearted ap-proach" taken by the New York Temporary Commission, headed by AaaemblynMn Chester R. Hardt (R., Amherst). A biH intro-duced by Hardt docs not elimin-. ate penalties for possession of marijuana. Instead it provides that possession of up to ^ ounce of marijuana should receive a maxi-mum sentence of now more than three months, the term for a Class B misdemeanor. At present such an offense is a class A misdemean-or, carrying a maximum sentence of t>ne year. Leichter stated, "the majority, proposal of the Com-mission to reduce penalties for most use is an ineffective and illogical response to the wide-spread consumption of marijuana in New York State." continued on page 2 graphic courtesy of Th0 Spectrum Harsh Laws Undergo Cftonge ••/n Louisiana recently, a man was sentenced to 50 years in prison for selling a match box of marijuana to an undercover agent. "In California in 1968, one-fourth of all felony arrests were for marijuana crimes, netting a total of more_ than 50,000 persons; the state spent about $72 million enforcing the laws. "In Minnesota, a youth was given an indeterminate 20-year maximum sentence for possession of 1/2800 of an ounce of marijuana: police had to vacuum the lining of his jacket to get it. "In Michigan a few years ago, two undercover policemen spent several months cultivating the friendship of a local "hippy" poet, then asked him for some marijuana; when he gave them two cigarettes, he was arrested, convicted of "possessing" and "dispensing," and originally faced 40 years, many times more than the minimum sentence in that state for any crime except first-degree murder. The sentence was reduced on appeal to years, without parole. -In Ohio, a young couple received 20 to 40 years for selling $5 worth of marijuana to a neighbor; one of the judges who sentenced them said, "they're providing a lesson for others," and the shenff who arrested them thought the sentence wasn't stiff enough. In some parts of the United States, it is possible to be sentenced to 5 years, 10 years, or even life in prison; 5 years in solitary conflnement; or a $20,000 fine on a first offense for simple possession of any quantity of marijuana. The sale of a marijuana cigarette to a minor could mean 40 years in prison, or a life with no possiblity of parole, or even death. continuad on pag* 2
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Title | The_Rambler_1972-03-23 |
Subject | Newspaper |
Description | The Rambler |
Creator | SUNY Farmingdale State College |
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Grizzly Rage (Maneater Series) DVD
Price: $9.95
- Standard Shipping: 12/18, 12 pm ET
- 1-2 Business Days: 12/20, 12 pm ET
- Next Business Day: 12/23, 12 pm ET
- Additional Details
- Format: Closed-captioned, Color, DVD, Widescreen, NTSC
- Rating: Not Rated
- Number of Discs: 1
- Run Time: 86 Minutes
- Region: 1
- Aspect Ratio: Widescreen
- Language: English
- Studio: RHI Entertainment
- DVD Release Date: January 5,2010
- Audio: ENGLISH: Dolby Digital 5.1
- Genre: Horror
- Color: Color
- Release Date: 2007
The Grizzly Rage DVD is the sixth title in the "Maneater Series" and unveils the biggest beast of them all. When four high school buddies take a road trip to celebrate their graduation, vacation turns deadly when they accidentally hit a bear cub and suffer the wrath of the avenging mother Grizzly. What unfolds in the Grizzly Rage movie is a long dark night of stark raging fear as they face off against the wilds of nature. One swipe of the great slashing paw and you are shredded to pieces. With no cell phones, no weapons, no light and only tension mounting, all the students have in the Grizzly Rage video are their wits, a prayer and each other. Directed by horror master David DeCoteau (The Brotherhood) and including fierce shocks and slashing surprises, Grizzly Rage is a lean and uncompromising fear match between man and nature.
Shop for a Grizzly Rage DVD from the Maneater Series and watch the true horror that nature can wreak on man.


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Product Recall: Kraft and Polly-O String Cheese and String Cheese Twists. Click here
HEAT oil in large skillet on medium-high heat. Add chicken and onion; cook and stir until chicken is cooked through.
ADD beans, salsa, corn and broth. Bring to boil.
STIR in rice; cover. Remove from heat. Let stand 5 min.


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Conditions of Use
I think he did a good job because he did not get off the topic. I liked when he talked about how you get attached to drugs it is really hard to stop. Joe said inside in your head there are lights and if some of the of the lights turn off and part of your body turn off . If some of your lights turn off, it is bad for you. When your lights go out you body does too.
Article posted December 23, 2009 at 08:49 AM • comment (1) • Reads 1397 • Return to Blog List
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Browsing Research Articles (GEU) by Title
Now showing items 1-2 of 2
Hames, Mary (Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa, 2010)[more][less]
Abstract: This article takes a critical look at the research methodologies regarding gender-based violence and HIV and AIDS in South Africa over the last two decades. Gender has become the operative term in these research projects and there has been a conflation or collapse of gender with the feminist perspectives analysis. The immediate question is whether the studies on gender and masculinities have de-politiced feminist research and methodologies or whether it has enhanced the work of feminists. This is undoubtedly a loaded argument that has been on the minds of feminists and those who claim to support feminist theory and praxis. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/544 Files in this item: 1
HamesGender-BasedViolence2010.pdf (122.6Kb) -
Hames, Mary (Taylor & Francis, 2007)[more][less]
Abstract: Despite the proliferation of policies ostensibly protecting all persons' rights, and mounting critical academic debate and scholarship on sexuality and sexual orientation, sexual orientation in the academy remains a site of deep contestation. The first section of this paper discusses the national legal framework as a basis from which the state's new social engineering uses liberal human rights as tools for the democratic transformation of society. In the second section, by focusing on the University of the Western Cape, my critique examines the persisting evidence of prejudice and homophobia in South African society alongside seemingly progressive policymaking and intellectual debate. I consider the centrality of national law and policymaking in the restructuring of the higher education environment and assess the extent to which the new education, labour, and other national policies and legislative measures substantively change the climate and culture of higher education institutions. In developing this critique, I map out some of the everyday struggles which may often be marginalised by an over-emphasis on national and institutional policymaking for change. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10566/614 Files in this item: 1
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- Product Details
Ford Mustang 1994-2004, ICON Wiper Blade by Bosch®. Replace your original equipment windshield wipers with innovative, top-grade wiper blades that ensure maximum visibility, no matter the weather. Designed to apply more uniform pressure along the entire length of the blade, this wiper blade provides superior all-season performance that lasts.
- Exclusive fx dual rubber compound with Quiet Glide micro-finish wiping edge
- Superior wipe with up to 40% longer performance life than other premium blades
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- Remain flexible in all weather conditions
- Asymmetrical aerodynamic flexible spoiler
- Best performance at high speed
- Optimum visibility in the worst weather
- Distributes uniform downward force along the blade to hold it firmly to the windshield
- Dual precision-tensioned steel springs
- Customized precision fit for top performance
- Exclusive tension spring arcing technology
- Custom-contoured to the curvature of each side of the windshield
- Exclusive pre-installed weather shield connector system
- Easy installation
- Protects arm connection from ice and snow build up
Being caught in a heavy rain or snow storm while driving in a vehicle with worn wiper blades can be a perilous experience. To avoid any dangerous situations on the road, driver's visibility mustn't be limited in no circumstances. That's why you need Bosch® ICON wiper blades with their advanced OE beam technology. Those long-lasting parts ensure thorough and safe cleaning of your windshield due to the exclusive fx dual rubber compound that resists heat and ozone deterioration, remaining flexible even in the worst weather conditions. To provide smooth and quiet operation, the manufacturer engineered the blades with a unique Quiet Glide micro-finish wiping edge.
One of the key features of the ICON wiper blades is their bracketless construction that offers both design and performance improvements. As for the latter, more uniform pressure is distributing along the entire length of the blade, providing windshield-hugging performance. For the same purpose, wipers are equipped with an asymmetrical aerodynamic wind spoiler. It creates downforce that prevents blade lift-off and guarantees flawless functioning even at high speeds.
To allow for a precision fit, Bosch ICON wiper blades feature an exclusive tension spring arcing technology. It ensures a fit that's custom-contoured to the curvature of each side of the windshield. One more advantage of the product is a pre-installed weather shield connector system that protects arm connection from snow and ice build-up. The installation process wasn't overlooked by the manufacturer either. Each wiper blade is designed with the do-it-yourself installation in mind, so it won't take much time. Install Bosch ICON wiper blades and enjoy a thorough wipe with up to 40% longer service-life than other premium blades.
27.57 27.61With over 100 years of hands-on experience as a supplier of automotive products, Bosch has built a solid reputation based on its innate passion for excellence in everything. The company strives to provide products that can boast of unparalleled quality and long service life. The company's complete series of wiper blades is not an exception. Featuring the latest in design and technology, Bosch wiper blades also have some major advantages over conventional wipers: exclusive beam technology, quieter performance, hassle-free installation, and so much more. And these are just a few reasons to like Bosch.
Product Reviews (8)Every Customer can leave a review about our service and the product that was purchased. In order to leave your review for your new product, please follow the link in the email you receive after completing your purchase. You can rate appearance, ease of installation, price/value and product quality.
Bosch® - ICON Wiper BladeAverage Rating: 5 of 5APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY(5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITYLike Looking Through Glass!2005 Volkswagen Golf
| Posted by Jodi D. | (Jackson Heights, NY)The Bosch blades were a breeze to install. It took me less than 5 minutes to remove the old and pop these on. I don't know why I waited so long to replace my wiper blades - it's amazing what a difference it makes. I highly recommend these wiper blades. I wish I had them for my home windows!
Was this review helpful for you? YesNo(4.5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY(4.5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITYOutstanding Product2011 Toyota Venza
| Posted by Hatem A. | (Beaverton, OR)I have used Bosch products all the time I lived in Switzerland, always sure of the quality. I now live in the North West where we have many days of rain, I therefore needed wiper blades that can really stand the heavy use. The Bosch wiper blades are outstanding and would recommend them to all! Wipes clear with no streaking at all and they are the easiest to install.
Was this review helpful for you? YesNo(5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITYGood2005 Chevy Cavalier
| Posted by Jesus T. | (Scottsville, NY)These are really high-tech wipers. They cling to the windshield and unlike the factory installed ones, these don't leave a mark on the glass. It's like the rain never happened, clear view and the cost is not that much either. Easy to install as well.
Was this review helpful for you? YesNo(5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY(5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITYLike Them2000 Acura Integra
| Posted by Jerald S. | (Brooklyn, NY)I bought these to replace the OEM ones that had dried out. These hug the windshield much better and do not move around as much at highway speeds due to the spoiler. These are streak and noise free. I really like them. I hope they hold up well.
Was this review helpful for you? YesNo(5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITYGreat Wiper Blades1997 Buick Regal
| Posted by Patrick G. | (Bolivar, NY)These wiper blades were an exact fit in replacing the original wiper blades. They were easy to install without any tools required. Their performance, so far, has been excellent, giving a very clear and streak free wipe.
Was this review helpful for you? YesNo(5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITYWorth It!2004 Chevy Aveo
| Posted by Kimberly P. | (Sylmar, CA)I love Bosch windshield wipers. A little more money, but the quality is well worth it. It does the job very well, cleanly removs all water and grim from the windshield. Bosch user for life!
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Tag: how much revenue does facebook make
How does Facebook make money?
I was sitting idle in office the other day, when a discussion on Facebook sprung up. A colleague asked me, "How exactly does Facebook make so much money?" My first guess was by default – Advertising! But can figures like $1billion come only due to advertising? ..


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This clown has been seen over the past few weeks around Mansfield, Chesterfield and Doncaster, I haven't seen a post about it on here and I really want people to know about it.
Okay so first of all besides it being really frickin creepy to begin with (designed to look like pennywise the clown) it has been roaming the streets at night time, it was started out by a student film director who was doing it for fun, but it has sparked a few people to take it farther.
Some of the clowns have been tapping on windows, trying to get children out of the house (Reportedly) also it is believed that some of them have knives and are marked as dangerous.
Please please please if you live in these areas or know someone who does, especially of they have kids, could you signal boost this? I just really want people to be safe!!
I heard friends say that he's been sighted in Nottingham and Lincoln as well. Good thing I live on the 6th floor. Hard to tap my window.
There's not just one, and they're in sheffield too, a girl from my year got a picture of one on the road that my school is on. They will follow you home, muggings have been reported, although it is not believed that they go into buildings or actually attack anyone with their knives.
Apparently there is one in Lancashire and burnley too! Pls be careful!
They walk inside people's houses if the doors aren't locked. They also aren't near my town, but everyone's talking about them.
there was one at my school a couple of weeks ago and we got told that if you see one to report where they are to the police straight away


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June 5, 2010
Ruth Henley
Henley, Ruth P. - Ruth "Oopie" Pylate Henley, age 69, died at her home in Starkville Saturday afternoon following a two-year battle with ovarian cancer. Ruth will be remembered for her special musical talents which she used her entire life to serve her Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. The funeral arrangements include visitation at First Baptist Church, Yazoo City on Tuesday, June 8, 2010 from noon to 3:00 PM with the funeral at 3:00 PM. Graveside services will be held on Wednesday at 11:00 AM at Memorial Gardens in Starkville by Welch Funeral Home. Ruth Henley is survived by her husband of 43 years James Henley, Jr. of Starkville, daughter Carman H. Mullins, son-in-law Jason Mullins, grandson Henley J. Mullins and granddaughter Sydney E. Mullins all of Houston, TX. She is survived by the families of her sister Nora P. Sills of Starkville and her brother Irving Pylate and his wife Carlene also of Starkville. Ruth graduated from Kosciusko High School and received her Music Education degree from the University of Southern Mississippi in 1963. She taught public school music in Meridian, MS and was on the staff of Jackson Public Library. She was employed by First Baptist Church of Kosciusko as education secretary and church organist in the late '60's when she and James married on November 19, 1966. Ruth began her music ministry with First Baptist Church of Yazoo City in 1971 by directing the youth choir. A few years later she began the sanctuary choir ministry and progressed to Minister of Music where she led the church music program until her retirement in 2006. Through her music ministry, she touched and influenced the lives of many who participated in and witnessed the music programs she directed. Her ministry continues today through those she taught that continue her life's work. One of Ruth's pleasures in life was attending Mississippi State University sporting events with her extended family. She also enjoyed playing with and spoiling her young grandchildren who knew her as "Ruthie". She relished in giving them musical instruments including harmonicas, tambourines, a ukulele, and drums. She is remembered by her daughter as her best friend, shopping partner, and role model. She was preceded in death by her parents Irving and Ruth Milner Pylate of Kosciusko and her brother-in-law Dr. Kent Sills of Starkville. Memorial donations in lieu of flowers may be made in Ruth's memory to the music ministry of First Baptist Church, P.O. Box 780, Yazoo City, MS 39194 where she served for 35 years. The family wishes to acknowledge the gracious support from all those who cared for and prayed for Ruth.
Johnny Mack "Duck" Brown, 33, died Wednesday, May 26, 2010 at the University Medical Center in Jackson.
Funeral services were Saturday at the L.T. Miller Community Center with Rev. Emma Marie Shinal officiating. Burial followed at Hilliday Cemetery in Louise.
Mr. Brown was born Nov. 27, 1976 in Jackson to Willie Bee Brown and the late Willie Lee Brown. He graduated from Humphreys County High School in 1993.
Survivors include his mother, Willie Bee Brown; daughters, Shequita Allen and Jaliyah Brown, both of Yazoo City; two sons, Johnny Mack Brown Jr. of Yazoo City and Tony Lee of Louise; four sisters, Patricia (Willie) Robinson, Francis Brown, Sarita Brown, all of Yazoo City, and Jeanette (Donnie) Minor of Jackson; eight brothers, Paul (Scherry) Ray of Chicago, Willie (Michelle) Brown Jr. of Jackson, Richard Brown of Milwaukee, Joshua Brown of Lawrence, Kan., and Joe Brown, Jeremy Stewart, Carlos Brown and Curtis Brown, all of Yazoo City; and a host of other relatives and friends.
Serving as pallbearers were Joshua Brown, Curtis Brown, Joe Brown, Jonathan Stewart, Anthony Sanders and David Stewart.
Honorary pallbearers were Roncedric Robinson, Cordell Robinson, Robert Robinson, Jermaine Robinson, Willie Robinson and Michael Marshall.
BUDDY McINNIS
Oscar "Buddy" McInnis, 65, of River Ridge, La. and formerly of Yazoo City, died Friday, May 28, 2010.
Funeral services were Monday at St. Matthew Apostle Church in River Ridge, La. Funeral mass followed on Tuesday at Glenwood Cemetery with burial under the direction of L.A. Muhleisen and Son.
Mr. McInnis was a native of Yazoo City and served with the U.S. Marine Corps during Vietnam.
After returning to the U.S., he worked in the shipping industry as a port captain for Delta Steamship Line and Waterman Steamship Corp.
He was preceded in death by his father, Oscar McInnis; and a brother, Robert "Bobby" McInnis.
Survivors include his wife, Gayle Belcher McInnis; daughter, Stephanie M. Arceneaux (David); sons, Jacob M. McInnis (Nicole) and Will P. McInnis; stepdaughter, Samantha A. McInnis; stepson, Ron McInnis; mother, Louise Luckett Shackelford McInnis; sisters, Mary Anne Oberlies (Jerry), Linda Lambert and Patricia McInnis; six grandchildren, Jack, Noah, Sarah, Jake, Maggie, and Colin; and a host of other relatives and friends.
Memorials may be made to a charity of your choice.
Last Updated (Monday, 07 June 2010 14:44)


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The Psychology Department exemplifies the mission of the university as described in the Mission Statement of St. John's University. The department is committed to academic excellence, operates in accord with accepted ethical principles and with respect for individual rights and dignity, is committed to service to the community, and demonstrates through its research, teaching, and clinical training an appreciation of the importance of cultural diversity. The Psychology Department offers an undergraduate major as part of the Bachelor of Arts degree in St. John's College. Graduate programs are offered in:
The objectives of the department are:
The faculty of the Psychology Department continually strive to keep current with the psychological literature and to contribute to that literature through publications in professional sources and presentations to professional audiences. In addition, faculty place a high priority on seeking external funding for their research and for student training. The faculty also use their professional knowledge and skills in the service of the profession, of the university, and of the community at large. This is accomplished through such things as participating in the activities of professional societies, taking an active part in the committees of the department, college and university, and sharing their expertise with other professionals and with the public.
Courses for the graduate programs are organized into clearly defined sequences. Mastery of basic knowledge is followed by experience through its use and application in formal, practicum and laboratory settings. A consideration of the ethical dimensions of the psychologist's conduct, as well as sensitivity to issues of cultural and ethnic diversity, are stressed throughout training in both clinical and research areas.
Center for Psychological ServicesThe department also houses the Center for Psychological Services, an outpatient clinic that provides mental health services to the community. The Center serves as a training site for graduate students in our clinical psychology and school psychology programs. Students in these graduate program offer services to the public under the supervision of the faculty.
ContactRaymond DiGiuseppe, Ph.D., ABPPProfessor and ChairDepartment of Psychology 8000 Utopia Parkway Queens, NY firstname.lastname@example.com
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Sherry McKee PhD Clin
Associate Professor of Psychiatry; Director, Yale Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory
Departments & Organizations
Cancer Prevention and Control
Psychiatry: Connecticut Mental Health Center: Division of Substance Abuse | Center for Nicotine and Tobacco Use Research at Yale (CENTURY) | Yale Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory | Psychotherapy Development Research Center | Specialized Center of Research (SCOR) on Sex and Gender Factors Affecting Women's Health | Stress & Addiction Clinical Research Program | Law and Psychiatry, Division of | Psychology Section | Addictions, Division of | Women's Behavioral Health Research, Division of | Yale Translational Center to Develop Gender-Sensitive Treatment for Tobacco Dependence
Research Interests
Behavioral pharmacology; Medication development; Medication screening; Alcohol; Tobacco; nAChRs; Gender differences more...
- Ph.D. Clin, University of Western Ontario, 1999
Selected Publications
- McKee SA, Sinha R, Weinberger AH, Sofuoglu M, Harrison EL, Lavery M, Wanzer J. (2011) Stress decreases the ability to resist smoking and potentiates smoking intensity and reward. J Psychopharmacol. 25, 490-502.
- Ashare RL, Sinha R, Lampert R, Weinberger AH, Anderson GM, Lavery ME, Yanagisawa K, McKee SA. (2011) Blunted vagal reactivity predicts stress-precipitated tobacco smoking. Psychopharmacology [Epub ahead of print]
- McKee SA, Harrison ELR, O'Malley SS, Krishnan-Sarin S, Shi J, Tetrault JM, Picciotto M, Petrakis IL, Estevez N, Balchunas E. (2009). Varenicline reduces alcohol self-administration in heavy drinking smokers. Biological Psychiatry, 66, 185-90.


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West Bank security wall raises tensions
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UPDATED 12:27 AM EDT Oct 08, 2012A security barrier through the Palestinian Territories is causing tensions between Palestinian Christians and Israel.
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Everywhere you look, pink and red is spewing about. You have the lovers and the haters of our most popular Hallmark holiday, Valentine's Day. But whether you feel favorably about the day or not, it's a good reminder to take a step back from our busy lives and really embrace the meaning of love. So how best to do that? Try any (or all!) of these.
How often do we walk around with a frown on our face? A result of frustration, stress, deep thought — it makes us appear unapproachable, and it sends a harsh message to the rest of the world. Think about the people that you see that smile, though. Whether a quick glance while grocery shopping, or a full-on, hearty smile from your barista, how does that make you feel?
Good, right?
Maybe even a little bit warm and fuzzy inside?
Like someone cares, even though you don't know them?
It makes you stand a little straighter, feel more confident?
So go forth and enable that feeling in others.
Flash the best version of your pearly whites that you can while you are out and about today!
Back in the day, people used to write thank you notes for every occasion. These days, they've become somewhat of a rare occurrence. Oftentimes, we're in a rush, so any sort of "thank you" is distant, indirect, or absent entirely.
Show your love to someone (or really, anyone) by genuinely letting them know how much you appreciate them. Whether it's the mail carrier delivering your mail through rain or snow, your co-worker for picking up that latte for you last week, or your husband for just being him, let them know how much they are appreciated!
The feeling of appreciation goes a long way. Think of how good it makes you feel. Perhaps you will get in the habit of appreciating others a little more often.
A big ol' bear hug can make a world of a difference some days. There's a nurturing element to receiving physical affection from another human being (or pet!) that appeals to both our body and soul. Feelings of comfort, protection, and even excitement are expressed through the connection made by hugs.
Skip the handshakes and the waves today and show your love with a great big hug!
I wish much love to you. Happy Valentine's Day!


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Sign of the Beaver by Elizabeth George Speare Matt, a twelve-year-old boy alone in the Maine wilderness, is befriended by two Native Americans who teach him how to survive. (Pioneer Life) Age 9-12 |
Read Alikes
Drinking Gourd by F. N. Monjo George, the Drummer Boy by Nathaniel Benchley Goin' Someplace Special by Pat McKissick Josefina Story Quilt by Eleanor Coerr Lincoln and His Boys by Rosemary Wells Naming Liberty by Jane Yolen Sam the Minuteman by Nathaniel Benchley Sarah, Plain and Tall by Patricia MacLachlan Wagon Wheels by Barbara Brenner Caddie Woodlawn by Carol Ryrie Brink Fighting Ground by Avi Gathering of Days: A New England girl's journal 1830-32 by Joan W. Blos Indian Captive: The Story of Mary Jemison by Lois Lenski Journey to Topaz by Yoshiko Uchida Lily's Crossing by Patricia Reilly Giff Misadventures of Maude March by Audrey Couloumbis My Brother Abe by Harry Mazer Out of the Dust by Karen Hesse Penny from Heaven by Jennifer L. Holm Pink and Say by Patricia Polacco Rodzina by Karen Cushman Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor Secret School by Avi Seer of Shadows by Avi Shooting the Moon by Frances O'Roark Dowell Standing in the Light: The Captive Diary of Catherine Carey Logan by Mary Pope Osborne Stumptown Kid by Carol Gorman Summer of My German Soldier by Bette Greene Thin Wood Walls by David Patneaude Under the Blood-Red Sun by Graham Salisbury Watsons Go to Birmingham-1963 by Christopher Paul Curtis Willow Run by Patricia Reilly Giff Witch of Blackbird Pond by Elizabeth George Speare With Every Drop of Blood by James Lincoln Collier Best Bad Luck I Ever Had by Kristin Levine Moon Over Manifest by Clare Vanderpool One Crazy Summer by Rita Williams-Garcia Turtle in Paradise by Jennifer L. Holm Wonderstruck by Brian Selznick Mighty Miss Malone by Christopher Curtis Inside Out and Back Again by Thanhaa Lai My Name is Sally Little Song by Brenda Woods R My Name is Rachel by Patricia Reilly Giff Dragon's Child: A Story of Angel Island by Laurence Yep Sophia's War: A Tale of the Revolution by Avi P.S. Be Eleven by Rita Williams-Garcia |


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The Lady Cobras play the Averett University Cougars at Averett University today in a double-header starting at 2:oo pm. Game 2 will follow.
Cobras take on Bryan College at Virginia Intermont. Game one starts at 2 pm at Boyce Cox Field – DeVault Memorial Stadium. Game 2 to follow.
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Well, I'm at that point right now! I was on a suuuuper long bloggy break (well, actually, I QUIT!), and after much debate, I just couldn't stop blogging. I missed it so much! I agree with a lot of what everyone has been saying here over the years about more frequent posting, getting way more focused, really getting my niche down, etc. I'm trying to get back into it and want to make sure I do it right this time. I didn't balance my REAL life with my bloggy life well enough - I neglected my family because I was too busy trying to write and post and comment and read a thousand blogs. I won't do that this time around.
As far as blog domains are concerned, I still am on Blogger (I actually really enjoy them and being able to tweak the design myself vs. free WP), I bought my domain at one point in time - but let it lapse, and now, I'm trying to figure out if I want to keep that blog alive. I'm not worried about readers (since I lost them all) and I'm not worried about my links in the ether since they don't really amount to much anyway. But I've started a new blog and am torn between the old one and this new one. *sigh* Like I said, I need to focus. :-) What a great question, with fantastic, insightful answers from everyone!
*sigh* if I knew then what I know now....
I think we all have feel that from time to time. If I could start all over again I would be better to myself. It is not necessary to spend 12 hours a day at the computer. I have learned to be good to myself, and that not posting anything is NOT the end of the world...
If I could I wouldn't write so many reviews, but rather some meaningful, personal stuff that could be valuable to the readers.
Change my domain name
change my page name
Have a more focused approach to it, like I do now, and not be all over the place.
not blog about my family so much, bought my domain name from the beginning, been on wordpress from day one, and so many other things!
Posted by Cindi Walton on December 12, 2013 at 5:04pm 0 Comments 0 Likes
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Socioeconomic Rights in Theory
Following Joel Feinberg, I construe rights as a certain type of claim. Claims are cases meriting consideration, and rights are claims "whose recognition as valid is called for by some set of governing rules or moral principles."[5] Legal rights are recognized by rules of positive law, and existing social program benefits may be thought of as rights in this sense. But Feinberg extends the category of rights beyond existing statute: moral rights are claims "the recognition of which is called for—not (necessarily) by legal rules—but by moral principles or the principles of an enlightened conscience" (p. 277). For Feinberg, entitlements represent a different dimension of rights than do claims. If I have a legal right to retirement benefits, Feinberg explains, this right merges an entitlement to benefits with a claim against anyone who might obstruct my receipt of them, a recalcitrant social security administrator perhaps.
Let us set positive law aside for a while and not rest claims for socioeconomic rights on the convenience that throughout advanced societies many such rights are found in law. Instead, we may turn to the logical, empirical, and normative underpinnings that give validity to claims for such rights. I start from the premise that the sophisticated sorts of conscious agency which are the distinguishing features of human life hinge on both freedom and well-being.[6] Since well-being is just as important a prerequisite for this agency as freedom is, the two deserve coequal status as rights. More broadly, "Any consistent moral code, whatever it might be, is going to have to recognize certain kinds of capacity and needs among persons that will have to be fulfilled if persons are to be able to pursue the ideals enshrined in any moral code."[7] That freedom is both a prerequisite to a distinctively human life and a right of humans is widely accepted in Western thought. That securing well-being through meeting basic material needs should hold a similar status is a more recent and, particularly in the American context, a more controversial point.[8]
Support for the inclusion of resources aimed at basic human needs among people's rights is not hard to come by, however. Food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and education may be viewed as prerequisites to the exercise of rights of a more distinguishingly human character—free expression. Precedence and priorities come
into sharper focus when one ponders the order in which people would give up rights under duress.[9] Voicing one's opinion is surely a more distinguishingly human activity than is eating, but it is not a more basic need and is unlikely to be the preference of many forced to choose between speaking freely and eating.
Arguments supporting coequal status for rights to freedom and well-being confront at least four sorts of practical difficulties. First, free speech and eating are usually not perceived as inhibited by the same forces. Locke taught us to regard the state as a perpetual source of danger to free expression. His predecessor, Hobbes, stressed the threats that our peers pose to freedom of action. While these threats are generally less obvious and brutal today than those envisioned by Hobbes, in most advanced societies informal social pressures—fears that voicing one's opinion will offend one's associates—are probably a more frequent problem than state intervention. Yet the state and one's associates rarely impose similar pressures with respect to eating, particularly for citizens or acquaintances on the brink of starvation. ("Let them eat cake!") The liberal tradition has held that the distribution of material resources is now and ought to be governed largely by impersonal market forces. While many still hold this view, others see conscious human design and manipulation behind market forces.[10] An extensive market system necessarily creates wage dependency and vulnerability for many as well as highly asymmetrical reward distributions. And other social practices such as intergroup prejudices exacerbate the disadvantages with which some have to cope in attempting to meet basic material needs through the market.
Bernard Williams makes an interesting case that it is immoral for society, especially a society wealthy in material resources, to follow practices that leave some of its members' basic needs unmet.[11] The purpose of basic goods, Williams argues, is straightforward. For example, medical care is for healing the sick and injured, not just the sick and injured who are rich; medical care that enriches the provider at the expense of those who need but cannot pay for treatment is an artificial perversion of the concept of healing. For Williams any differences in the treatment humans receive in regard to medical needs should be supported by reasons that are relevant (sick or well) as opposed to irrelevant (rich or poor). But in America arguments revealing the human hand behind market
distribution have been stymied by the inertia of the "invisible hand" theory in the political culture.
A second issue raised by arguments for the coequality of rights to freedom and well-being involves conflicting value hierarchies. Robert Nozick, for example, uses the same Kantian point of departure as Williams—that humans must be ends in themselves rather than means—to deny any individual's right to welfare or duty to help others with their material needs.[12] For Nozick, the individual's freedom not to be treated as a means to another's ends is a paramount value. Grudgingly, he allows for taxes used to finance local police and national defense, purposes that sustain freedom in the long run, but he deems taxes to ensure basic material resources for the unfortunate to be inappropriate constraints on human agency. From this perspective, any claim to such resources runs afoul of the superior and incompatible claims of personal freedom.
Henry Shue proposes instead that we use a priority principle to distinguish among basic rights (food), nonbasic rights (public education), cultural enrichment (Shakespeare over Stallone), and preference satisfaction (Haagen Dazs over Sealtest).[13] No one's liberty, according to Shue, should extend to the area of preference satisfaction if others are thereby blocked from meeting basic needs. Your yacht should not come at the expense of my starvation.
Nozick's position also introduces a third problem for the coequality of freedom and well-being: the difficulties involved in providing freedom and well-being are different. Here we need to distinguish negative rights—the rights associated with negative liberty or freedom from external constraint—from positive rights, the rights to resources that enable individuals to engage in activities previously beyond their reach.[14] Free speech is a negative right; eating is a positive right.
Negative and positive rights are widely held to differ in the demands they make on public policy and the obligations they place on other citizens. The negative civil-political rights now broadly recognized among advanced societies are thought by many to require only forbearance on the part of others; whereas, positive socioeconomic rights are said to require some form of active cooperation or help. For example, allowing a destitute malcontent to praise socialism on a city street corner requires no positive acts of cooperation. But if he is to receive expensive medical care, others
will have to contribute, either directly or through the tax system. Suppose, however, that irate citizens attack this soapbox orator. Then, maintaining his freedom of speech will require the intervention of the police and possibly the courts and prisons, all public institutions supported by taxes. Or suppose that he needed medical care for an injury he had sustained while in the army. Then we could say that had the state not called him into service, no cooperation to help him overcome his current malady would now be necessary.[15] These latter examples blur the distinctions between positive and negative rights and their characteristic balance of government activity and citizen obligation.
Other considerations distinguish negative and positive rights. Negative rights, products of the natural rights of the seventeenth century, may be seen as focusing on procedures, as, in effect, tools of procedural or formal justice; whereas positive rights may be described as products of the twentieth-century human rights movement and as concerned with outcomes or substantive justice.[16] To ensure the rights to freedom, then, all we need to do is identify a set of procedures—a uniform legal code, for instance—as appropriate. But to ensure well-being we would need to examine whether all individuals have the resources (money to hire an attorney) to make use of the code.
Even for those who do not insist that, as a result of these distinguishing provision problems, positive and negative rights differ in kind, differences in degree are important. For instance, the financial burdens that police, courts, and prisons place on the state are small in comparison to those arising from social programs. Additionally, some have argued that it is "easier to state a negative right without reference to degree than a positive one"[17] —although the degrees of, say, free speech are also uncertain and frequently controversial. Among the limits we place on this negative right are restrictions on slanderous speech and statements that exacerbate a "clear and present danger," as well as the perennial injunction against yelling "Fire!" in a crowded theater.
A fourth problem for the coequality of rights to freedom and well-being is posed by the following argument.
Negative rights are generally only valuable to those whose rights they are if they are able to do or have that which the right involves, for example to
walk. If they cannot or do not, then a merely negative right could be useless. A positive right, on the other hand, will not normally be of much help to someone who already has what such a right would require others to help supply him with. A negative right, then, can be useless and a positive one redundant. And if negative rights are all we grant, then we may expect the poor and unadvanced to be disgruntled, while if we insist on positive rights as well, the wealthy and powerful might similarly be unhappy. [Narveson, "Human Rights," p. 177]
In other words, rights to expressive freedom and basic resources benefit different groups and rely on varying concepts of liberty. In the United States, a nation steeped in the tradition of negative liberty, negative rights have been more thoroughly supported than positive rights. The well-known association between political participation and socioeconomic status, particularly strong in the United States in the absence of large-scale working-class organization, reinforces the dominance of negative rights of interest to the politically active, materially comfortable portion of society.[18]
The Reagan administration's recent attacks on social programs and through them, socioeconomic rights, are not the first instances of the powerful resisting the extension of opportunities they already possess as rights to a broader section of society.[19] In London at the turn of the nineteenth century, wealthy and politically powerful citizens who could afford private security forces denounced a proposal to establish a public police force as an infringement on liberty.[20] The nineteenth-century British struggle over the extension of political rights also exemplifies this pattern. Suffrage was extended to some middle-class males in the 1830s, but universal male suffrage was opposed by many in the socioeconomic elite who, enjoying extensive political privileges, had no use for political rights.[21] Time and again elites have argued that severe, even civilization-destroying consequences would follow the extension of rights to the masses, whom the elites depicted as too flawed to exercise any new rights in a constructive fashion.[22] Clearly, extensions of political and socioeconomic rights are quite different matters, but the constancy of the opposition's themes is note-worthy. On the subject of socioeconomic rights, in the United States today we again hear the privileged decrying the character of those less fortunate than themselves. Distinctions between negative
and positive rights thus derive not only from abstractions and theoretical premises but also from the material interests of different groups.
In sum, rights to freedom and well-being differ in the typical fashions through which they are constrained, their relative positions in conflicting value hierarchies, the manners of their provision, and their primary beneficiaries. Depending upon one's philosophical perspective, these differences are modest, amounting to minute variations of degree, or so sharp as to be contradictory in their implications. No set of conceptual tools can bridge the gap between philosophical positions supportive of rights to well-being and those hostile to such rights, but I believe some headway can be made.
Let us begin, then, from the relatively uncontroversial logical-empirical position that well-being is a prerequisite to human agency and is a coequal of freedom in this regard; that is, well-being and freedom are each necessary but not alone sufficient. Then we must ask, What sort of moral right to well-being might be persuasively argued, particularly in the hostile American context? As Maurice Cranston suggests, "the standard way of justifying a moral right is to demonstrate that it has been earned."[23] Let us see what we can make of this. It is not unreasonable to assume that a society can agree on the rough limits of basic material needs within the context of its time and culture. Federal guidelines about dietary needs and the proportion of household budgets appropriately allotted to these needs represent a working attempt to do this.[24] Some aspects of these needs are universal, like the need for protein, while others are time or culture bound, such as what sources of protein—fish or fowl or insects—are suitable. With respect to these needs, let me suggest a rule: Those who contribute to the product of society shall in return have secured the resources for meeting these needs. Stated differently, justice in the distribution of basic goods resides in reciprocity: goods in return for contributions. This formulation of earning rights fits the dominant "work ethic" in the United States. Those who consciously strive to help themselves and their households by working should receive in return for their efforts the goods necessary for meeting basic material needs.
Such a formulation raises the issue of how to measure contributions to the social product. Somewhat reluctantly, I propose to use
GNP, or more simply, paid labor, as the index of the social product. In moral terms this is a needlessly restrictive conception, for the social product may be reasonably thought to imply the result of more than earnings-generated labor. Parents assuredly contribute to the social product by rearing children, homemakers contribute through their household activity, and hospital volunteers and struggling artists contribute as well. But even though many of these contributions are as or more important than some activities of the paid labor force, within American political culture at this point in time, only income-producing work has a realistic chance of being accepted as earning socioeconomic rights. Since my purpose is to show how systematic social program protection can be compatible with existing American values, I have made the pragmatic choice: Those who contribute to the social product earn rights to support for basic needs in the face of social hazards. (The choice of GNP as an index of the social product also raises the issue of how paying jobs can be made available to all those who want to contribute and thus earn socioeconomic rights. I devote considerable attention to this matter in chapters 6 and 8.)
The principle of reciprocity in the earning of socioeconomic rights must be complemented by provisions to extend socioeconomic rights on the basis of need to people who are physically unable to work and to those who should not work, including children.[25]
This linkage between rights to resources and duties to produce creates a tight fit between my conception of socioeconomic rights and Cranston's first test of human rights: practicality. The means for providing the resources these rights entail are generated at least in part by earning the rights. The conception also meets another of Cranston's tests for human rights: paramount importance. The benefits these rights bestow are not aimed at equalizing income or assuring that everyone has a videorecorder. Instead they focus on those basic material resources that by general agreement are deemed to be prerequisites to full human agency.
The conception of socioeconomic rights I am proposing, however, departs from Cranston's third criterion, universality, in two respects. First, the resources to be provided would vary from one society to another. I would not expect Tanzania to support basic needs in the same way the United States might. As Michael Walzer
says: "rights beyond life and liberty . . . do not follow from our common humanity; they follow from shared conceptions of social goods; they are local and particular in character."[26] In fact, the underlying justifications for rights—life and liberty included, Walzer notwithstanding—may be of little interest beyond the frontiers of Western culture. There are ways of recognizing human dignity apart from rights.[27] Second, these socioeconomic rights would be extended only to participants in the paid labor force. They do not arise simply from being human, and they are thus not human rights, nor even what Beveridge called citizen rights. They are, with exceptions, producers' rights. Again, such restrictions are based on a pragmatic assessment of the kind of socioeconomic rights American political culture will support.
Though distributed somewhat more narrowly than Walzer's counterparts, such socioeconomic rights do fit his conception of independent spheres of justice and autonomous distributive criteria for these spheres.[28] Holding modest consequences for the essential character of many spheres of social life, my suggestion is a fairly conservative one. For instance, the market remains the primary device for production and distribution decisions. Although the latter are constrained with respect to basic resources, a wide range of goods and services would continue to be distributed through the market. And matters such as the criteria for office or the relative autonomy of family and religious life would remain largely unaffected. It is generally the case that changes in one feature of an interdependent social system will have repercussions for other features, and it is not clear how far the ripples of these socioeconomic rights would reach or how high their crests might be. It does seem unlikely that they will precipitate anything remotely resembling simple equalities.