text:
Competing Communities at Work:
Asian Americans, European Americans, and Native Alaskans in the Pacific Northwest, 1938-1947
Chris Friday
In 1932, Edward R. Ridley of Ketchikan noted: "There are more than enough 'local residents' right here in this town without hav[ing] to import [workers] from other places."[1] He emphasized to salmon canning companies operating in the town that his was no personal conjecture, but was the general opinion "of our people nowadays." By "our people" Ridley meant Native Alaskans—largely Tlingits—of southeast Alaska, and as the vice president of the Alaska Native Brotherhood (ANB), he did indeed have insights into the concerns and needs of Native Alaskans.[2] Ridley believed Asian American[3] contractors not only mistreated Native Alaskan workers but also severely limited Tlingit employment opportunities in the midst of the Depression.[4] In addition to arguing that canners might hire Native Alaskans more cheaply than Asian American crews, Ridley hinted strongly that the ANB might consider some form of collective action. Indeed, in the late 1930s, the ANB began to organize among Alaskans and it sought the federal government's approval to act as a union for Native men who fished and Native women who worked in the canneries.[5] The presence of competing Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and American Federation of Labor (AFL) locals, whose respective memberships were largely Asian Americans—especially Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos—and European American residents of Alaska, complicated the situation.[6] Through 1946, the jockeying among the ANB, CIO locals, and AFL locals to represent the residents of southeast Alaska who worked in canneries reveals how the members of these "communities" defined themselves, how they vied for jobs, and how they found fleeting possibilities for cooperation amidst that tremendous competition.
This story of intergroup rivalries and union affiliations is not some strange, exceptional story that played itself out in isolated Alaska, or one purely driven by competition from the national headquarters of the CIO and the AFL. It
is a quintessentially western story in which a multicultural populace leaned heavily on the federal government for resolution of its racial and class problems.[7] It is also western in the sense that it illustrates how populist sentiments, or grassroots politics, make strange bedfellows, for in this region where party machines had at best a weak hold, institutions like unions and ethnic or fraternal brotherhoods carried much weight.[8]
The very construction of the communities under consideration here also made them part of the Pacific Northwest, even the U.S. West, and not just Alaska. Asian immigrant and Asian American workers traveled in regular seasonal migration patterns through central and northern California, Oregon, and Washington on their ways to and from Alaska canneries; canning companies had their headquarters in San Francisco, Portland, Astoria, and Seattle, while their markets were global; and especially after the Jones Act of 1920, the territory was virtually a colony of Washington state. It is all too easy to isolate Alaska as some huge, underdeveloped behemoth to the north that is "outside" U.S. history, even the history of the U.S. West.
Rather than constituting an isolated, non-western case in which local labor stood against "outsiders," these three "western" communities, though different in type and constituency, overlapped in the salmon canneries of southeast Alaska. Asian American cannery hands, whom most in the industry referred to as "China gangs" or "outside crews," formed the bulk of those about whom Ridley complained. Recruited up to the mid-1930s by co-ethnic labor contractors, by 1938 these workers found representation in the CIO locals, often drawing upon a "community of association" held together by semipermanent co-ethnic residents in towns along the seasonal work cycle that many of the laborers followed in the U.S. West.[9] In southeast Alaska, the resident Asian Americans, particularly the Filipinos, provided entrée into organizing "resident" and Native Alaskans for the "outside" unions.[10]
Tlingit, as well as Tsimshan and Haida people living in southeast Alaska, in contrast to the outside crews, were important to the industry as a local source of labor.[11] The men served largely as fishermen, the women in the canneries. Their participation represented an adaptation of precapitalist seasonal fishing and fish preparation activities to industrial wage labor conditions, replete with the older gender division of labor.[12] Unlike Native Americans in Oregon and Washington, who by the beginning of the twentieth century had been marginalized in the political economy of those states, Native Alaskans played a central role.[13] Largely through the auspices of the ANB and its parallel organization the Alaska Native Sisterhood (ANS), as well as through the often competing AFL unions, Native Alaskans gained institutional representatives in the struggle to control jobs. Especially among the Tlingit, who predominated in the region, the community base was an ethnic/clan/national one with separate village divisions, alliances, and loyalties.[14]
Like Native Alaskans, resident Alaskans—European Americans who had
migrated to southeast Alaska towns—formed a local labor pool. Highly dependent on salmon canneries and related enterprises for their incomes, their competition for jobs with Asian Americans and Native Alaskans contributed to a common sense of shared "white" ethnicity as "Alaskans." They also developed strong populist-like resentments of the outside financial control represented by cannery companies headquartered in the lower fortyeight states and by outside political resentment epitomized by theJones Act of 1920, which gave Washington, especially Seattle, a virtual stranglehold on Alaskan shipping.[15]
The culmination of two separate organizational thrusts brought these three communities into conflict. The first was the 1938 government-mediated decision that gave the outside, Asian American-led CIO locals the right to represent cannery workers. Having secured a foothold, Asian American unionists then moved to organize Alaska to protect against AFL counter-attacks and to strengthen workers' solidarity against cannery owners. They ran headlong into the second development, the ANB and ANS efforts to establish greater political representation for Native Alaskans. By the late 1930s, that included, as Ridley had indicated, a drive for recognition of the combined ANB and ANS as the collective bargaining agent for Native peoples in southeast Alaska. A few studies have begun to explore ANB/ANS activities in voting rights, school desegregation, and land claims, but scant attention has been paid to its collective bargaining role in spite of the importance to Native Alaskan livelihoods.[16]
The ANB came together first in 1912, created by mostly Tlingit men under the influence of Presbyterian and Russian Orthodox missionaries in the territory who had organized church-based societies bent on providing vehicles for "civilizing" and "assimilating" Native Alaskans. Similarly, in 1915, various "Women's Village Improvement Societies" reorganized to form the ANS. In the 1920s and 1930s, the organizations moved from their earlier focus on assimilation and temperance programs to take up an extensive agenda for Alaska's native peoples that they pursued for the next half-century.[17] While voting rights and other civil rights issues as well as land claims promised to provide long-term benefits, the question of collective bargaining promised more immediate returns.
Members of the ANB and ANS resented political and economic control held by "outsiders" to the territory and promoted the slogan "Alaska for Alaskans."[18] In doing so, ANB and ANS members found that they had much in common with European American residents, but not enough to bridge racial divides. Through those organizations Native Alaskans used New Deal policies—Alaska's version of the Wheeler-Howard Act, the Alaska Reorganization Act of 1936, and the Wagner Act—to regain some measure of independence in the twentieth century.[19]
ANB and ANS members tried to convince salmon canners, the federal
government, and labor unions that their organization had the right to represent its members and bargain collectively for them. The Alaska Native Brotherhood, the organization's mouthpiece, told readers late in 1938: "The final opinion of the [delegates at the 1938 ANB Grand Camp] Convention was that the ANB can do everything that other unions can do. If we are in the majority, we can still keep our identity and collect our dues exactly as do the CIO and the AFL where these unions are in the majority. In many cases, the officers of the ANB and the local union are the SAME PEOPLE, only that the money goes to San Francisco."[20] As early as 1937 the ANB/ANS had entered into collective bargaining arrangements in Sitka, and by 1938 a number of the ANB/ANS camps (nearly each small town in southeast Alaska had one) sought to use the ANB to represent the interests of Indian purse seiners and cannery workers.[21] By 1939, ANB and ANS activities as a bargaining agent for Native Alaskans were in full swing.
Native Alaskans used the ANB and ANS to express a strong strain of ethnic pride that merged into racialism at times. Native Alaskan FrankJohnson worked as an organizer and official of the AFL-affiliated fishermen's and cannery workers' locals.[22] Along with the outside CIO locals, Johnson represented a significant competitor to ANB and ANS plans for labor organization. In 1940, Louis F. Paul, an important force in the ANB, confronted Johnson in a letter to the Ketchikan Alaska Fishing News arguing that he had "permitted the ANB to be used as a vehicle to increase [AFL union] membership."[23] Paul warned Johnson:
You cannot be brown and white at the same time. . . . [F]undamentally it is impossible for the white people to overcome their racial prejudice; it is impossible for them to favor Indians over their own kind. . . . They will use you and when they are through, they will abuse you. And in the end you will come back to your own people even as our sisters have come back to us in their shame with their unfathered children.[24]
Louis Paul thus signaled to Native Alaskans that they could not expect fair treatment by "outside," "white" unions. His allusion to unfathered children seemingly played on long-standing resentments about the conduct of the outside crews and the strong Christian element in the ANB and ANS as well as a not too veiled reference to what he believed the unions would do to Johnson.
Louis's brother William L. Paul did not mince words either. In an argument supporting the ANB and ANS as a bargaining agent he stated:
The unions will never take up the scope of activity of the ANB for our people. We will challenge any organization in the territory to show that they care enough for our people to step up and attempt to do even a small portion of the ANB work. It is not in the cards. No white man will take the punishment for his efforts.[25]
William L. Paul believed that only the ANB had the interests of Native Alaskans at heart. In 1938, he explained to Wrangell ANB Camp President Frank Desmond that "the ANB was organized to give Indians an equal chance to make a living—to put bread and butter on the table for our women and children."[26] Later, in 1942, he reportedly told Craig ANB Camp members: "Tell our young people to be proud of their race, do not be ashamed of it. We are Indians, we are not white people, and the white leaders of the CIO and . . . [AFL] do not work for the benefit of the Indians."[27]
While William L. Paul and others in the ANB raged about outside control and white racism, they focused their concerns almost solely on fishing to the virtual exclusion of cannery work and women's employment.[28] ANS members got involved in the organization of cannery workers, but when they took action, ANS members usually did so in concert with, or in support of, the fishermen. Fish prices and the status of traps, usually owned by canning companies, were the typical concerns of the ANB. The ANS was also very active in the movement to regulate and abolish traps in the territory. ANS leaders wrote letters to local and regional newspapers and to federal officers urging that traps be eliminated to "give fish and fishermen a chance!"[29] The ANS and ANB often relied on the argument that traps hurt entire families, explaining that "most of us have families to feed."[30]
When it came to organizing the women into a union, however, Native Alaskan patterns of work caused problems. Those patterns in the twentieth century were in part a continuation of long-standing practices in which women undertook a variety of seasonal tasks, of which the fish harvests were only one, and canning company strategies of using Native American women largely as a reserve labor pool to supplement the outside crews.[31] Conrad Espe, business agent for the CIO cannery workers' local in Seattle, took advantage of those employment features and warned that neither the industry nor the unions could tolerate women's part-time work. Espe declared that
in the days of old there were whole families which . . . worked in the canneries from the 12-year-old youngster up to the grandmother. I don't think modern Industry can function along these lines. I don't think modern labor relations should be built so as to provide equal conditions for the entire family. . . . [It] must bring out the quality of the work; parity and equality of work must go hand in hand with the parity of ability to perform it. . . . A person who is a resident cannot continue, as has been done in the past in many instances, where they want to work if they feel like it and not work when they don't feel like it. . . . [T]here must be a stable work force.[32]
Espe was right: Tlingit women and indeed Native American women generally, well into the twentieth century, continued to mix subsistence activities with wage labor. For example, Sally Hopkins, born in Sitka in 1877 and later resident of Dundas Bay and Juneau, worked in salmon canneries most of
her life. During the canning season, she and her children picked berries to be preserved between shifts and on off days.[33] Indeed, nineteenth-century canners had long complained about the "irregularity" of Indian women as workers.[34] They, like Espe, had wanted the women available at all times, but Native Alaskans were not willing to forego necessary and even fulfilling seasonal cycles for the sake of the canners. The ANS, however, tried to sponsor childcare facilities for families employed by the canneries during 1943 and 1944, but it was not enough to counter Espe's implications that outside crews provided a more stable work force than Native Alaskans.[35]
When the ANS acted outside the camps, however, its leaders tended to use the organization to lobby alongside the ANB for civil rights. As a case in point, ANS Grand Camp President Elizabeth Wanamaker Peratrovich's 1945 speech before the Alaska Territorial Senate is generally considered to have been the telling factor in the passage of Alaska's anti-discrimination legislation. Moreover, ANS involvement in land claims was an essential part of that long struggle.[36] Locally, in each camp, ANS activities centered around fund-raising, "mostly through Bingo games" and the sale of foodstuffs or arts and crafts; the money often went to build or maintain ANB halls or to support the civil rights issues. The ANS also embraced moral suasion harkening back to the ANS roots in the village improvement societies.[37] Labor issues took a back seat in the ANS. When Native women in southeast Alaska chose to throw themselves into the field of labor organization, they tended to do so through established labor organizations—the various AFL or CIO locals—and that meant fostering cooperation with people from the other communities of workers.
The membership of the AFL locals consisted of Native Alaskans and resident Alaskans, fishers and cannery hands alike. These organizations also made greater efforts to represent cannery workers' interests than the ANB and ANS. Like the ANB, the AFL cannery workers' and fishermen's locals took up the slogan "Alaska for Alaskans." The cannery workers' leaders claimed that their members thought that "their jobs are menaced by . . . the CIO unions," that the CIO dues paid by Alaskans financed the "CIO drive to replace residents . . . [with] outside workers."[38] Officials of the AFL locals also declared that they had "no quarrel with [the ANB] as a fraternal organization."[39] They believed, however, that "certain self-seeking, power-hungry individuals in the ANB [are] seeking to pervert that organization, to reduce it to a union smashing weapon, a tool of the employers, and through the medium of the ANB launch a vicious slanderous attack upon the bona-fide resident labor unions of Alaska."[40] The AFL cannery workers tried to paint their locals as the true defenders of Native Alaskan women and their employment. In 1939, the AFL locals publicized a case in which five women, "all Natives" and CIO members, were prevented from gaining employment
in a plant where they had worked for eight years. "Most of the women have children," the leaders explained, "and the cannery work they depend upon helps to support them the rest of the year. "[41] The women thus quit the CIO local "in disgust" and "joined immediately" with the AFL local. The latter also countered a CIO media blitz in local newspapers and Ketchikan radio station KGBU, with the caution that it was only an attempt on the part of the CIO "to stem the ever increasing flow of cannery workers into the fold of the [AFL] Cannery Workers Auxiliary Union."[42]
If it was accurate in its membership accounting, the AFL cannery workers' locals controlled a sizable portion of the resident workers in the region. After the 1939 season, the local claimed to have 1,300 of the approximately 4,500 resident workers on its rolls at virtually every southeastern cannery town, including Metlakatlah, Craig, Klawok, Hydaburg, Wrangell, Petersburg, Kake, Sitka, Hoonah, Angoon, and Ketchikan.[43] When the CIO cannery workers' locals petitioned in 1939 for a National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) certification election—the key instrument of federal involvement in this case—in southeastern Alaska, Marie Murphy, president of AFL cannery workers' local in Ketchikan explained that her organization "expect[s] to be the bargaining agency for Southeastern Alaska by the right of majority rule."[44] It took until 1946 for the NLRB to begin to sort out representation for Alaskan cannery workers, and in the meantime the CIO locals began a concerted effort to organize Native Alaskans and Alaska residents.[45]
As the ANB/ANS and AFL positions indicate, the CIO locals had to buck a strong tide of anti-Asian and anti-"outsider" sentiments. To counter that image, the CIO drew upon people in three areas: Resident Alaskan (European American) women, Native Alaskan women, and Filipinos residing in Alaska. Among the resident Alaskans were the handful of women in towns such as Ketchikan. Elizabeth Del Fierro, for example, was the daughter of an Italian American fisherman.[46] She lived in Ketchikan and worked in a salmon cannery there, but unlike women and girls in other canning regions who developed work cultures that fostered pan-ethnic alliances among women and assisted in organizational attempts,[47] Elizabeth Del Fierro and other women in southeast Alaska also worked with significant numbers of men. The work culture that developed there enabled men and women from diverse ethnic backgrounds to come together. Elizabeth, for example, married Salvador Del Fierro, a staunch supporter of the CIO locals and central figure as a local linchpin in Ketchikan of the "community of association" for Filipinos, with connections reaching to Seattle, Portland, and Stockton. Indeed, like the Fierros, a great many of the officers in Ketchikan's CIO local were married couples—European American wives and Filipino husbands.[48]
The Seattle and San Francisco CIO locals began their organizing efforts among Ketchikan residents in 1937, but the NLRB certification election
struggles between the 1937 and 1938 seasons distracted the stateside locals from that effort.[49] Beginning late in the canning season of 1938 and continuing into 1939, the Seattle and San Francisco locals renewed their efforts to bring Alaska residents under their umbrella. First, union leaders tried to blame canners for the "Alaska for Alaskans" sentiments.[50] Fearful of an AFL counterattack on the newly won jurisdiction, the CIO locals also blamed the AFL for the popularity of the slogan. Publicist for the Seattle CIO local and prominent Nisei labor leader Dyke Miyagawa declared that the AFL created "a false race issue" in its organizing message to Alaskan residents. He claimed the AFL told "resident whites" that "the Filipinos, Japs and Chinks are trying to take everything away. . . . 'To protect yourself,' the resident organizers have been saying to the residents, 'you've got to drive out the Orientals—save Alaska for the Alaskans."'[51]
Early in 1939, Filipino immigrant Salvador Del Fierro, "the progressive leader of cannery workers in Ketchikan," reported that "considerable headway has been made to bring about greater cooperation and unity between the workers in the Territory and those in the states." Leaders of the CIO locals agreed that in order to organize Alaskan residents as well as Native Alaskans it needed to "equalize the status" of the two groups and to bring their wages up to those "enjoyed by the cannery workers of Seattle, Portland, and San Francisco."[52] In spite of the rhetoric, the stateside CIO locals placed Alaska organizing at the bottom of their priorities. In the Seattle local's list of five proposed actions for 1939, for example, cooperation with Alaskan locals stood in fifth place.[53] When it did attempt to organize, the CIO sent men to the region and as a distant second alternative relied on people like Salvador Del Fierro to work in concert with their wives.[54]
CIO locals made headway with resident workers, however, because they used the examples of Salvador and Elizabeth Del Fierro to argue that they represented resident interests. The ability of Ketchikan's Local 237 to make public its program through KGBU radio also won it some local recognition.[55] Most telling, though, was the CIO's ability to deliver. Unlike the ANB and ANS, or the AFL locals, the CIO locals had a strong position with the canners because of the 1938 certification among "outside" workers who constituted the bulk of the workforce. The locals used that as leverage to negotiate minimum wage guarantees for Alaskan workers (resident and Native Alaskan alike).[56]
During 1942, and even more so in 1943, wartime exigencies stalled the struggles between the three communities and created a brief and uneasy coexistence. The outside crews lost approximately seven hundred members when the U.S. government interned people of Japanese ancestry, and several hundred more (especially Filipinos) to the military service, to shipyards, and to other related war industries. Internal realignments and competition preoccupied the stateside CIO locals. Resident Alaskans, too, volunteered for
the military and migrated to Seattle, Portland, or other cities for wartime jobs, but because canners had negotiated contracts with the government to supply tins of salmon to the troops, those employed in the industry earned exemption from military service if they so chose, and many remained in Alaska. Unlike in the Alaska peninsula or Bristol Bay, where military concerns placed severe limits on salmon production, in southeast Alaska the war brought an intensification of the reliance on Native Alaskan employment as cannery hands and fishermen. Wartime travel restrictions further limited Native Alaskan movements, making them all the more dependent on wage labor in southeast Alaskan canneries than they might otherwise have been. For all three groups, the War Labor Board temporarily reduced competition over wages. Finally, a patriotic fervor encouraged people to set aside their differences for the national good.[57]
Late in 1943 and early in 1944, the communities began to jostle for position again through the competing unions. They did so in anticipation of renewed negotiations at the war's end, but more immediately, in October 1943, the ANB/ANS publicized the possibility that it might entertain a merger with one of the other two labor organizations.[58] Ironically, part of the pressure to merge was a result of earlier government pressure to expand ANB/ANS membership. In order to gain status as a bona fide labor organization, the NLRB required the ANB and ANS to admit non-Indians to their ranks, but they did so only as "associate members" with status as beneficiaries of any labor agreements and with no voting rights on other ANB or ANS matters. In the 1939 ANB convention, though, the ANB created the Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska (also known as the Tlingit and Haida Central Council) at least in part to distinguish itself from the mixed membership of the ANB and ANS and to pursue the land claims issue separately from the organizations' roles as bargaining agents.[59] The conflicting directives from various government agencies ultimately weakened the ANB/ANS position as a separate union and contributed to talk of a merger with one of the other unions. That news prompted unprecedented action on the part of the CIO locals—the dispatching of a woman to Alaska as a key organizer. In spring 1944, Rose Dellama went north from San Francisco to recruit resident and Native Alaskans into her union.[60]
Dellama had grown up in the "Italian tenements" of Oakland, California, and had first come to labor concerns after having been fired in the 1934 newspaper strikes of the Bay Area. She subsequently joined the Communist Party and by 1937 had found a position as secretary for the San Francisco Alaska Cannery Workers Union, which shortly thereafter became a CIO local. The stateside struggle among cannery workers to gain certification had steeled her in the politics of union organizing. Upon her arrival in Alaska, she joined up with Marguerite Hansen, the business agent of Ketchikan's CIO local, and for the entire negotiating and canning season the two
stumped throughout southeast Alaska, especially in Ketchikan, Juneau, Hoonah, and Petersburg.[61]
Dellama's leftist politics, experience with the San Francisco local, and Italian American background put her in good stead with certain portions of the resident population in Alaska. For example, Elizabeth Del Fierro, an Italian American married to a Filipino, had much in common with Dellama. While she no doubt drew upon these connections, Dellama also took great pains to reach out to Native Alaskans. "They all beamed," she recalled of her first arrival in Alaska, when she used the broken Tlingit she had learned to say, "I'm very happy to be here with you."[62]
Dellama proved able to find ways to reach Native Alaskan women in particular. She explained, "These women expected the CIO to represent them in all sorts of things," including a ruling that no U.S. military personnel could associate with Native Alaskan women. Dellama approached the union leaders in Alaska about protesting the ruling, but, complained: "I couldn't get the bastards to do anything." Not content to accept the men's refusal to acknowledge women's concerns, Dellama managed to plead her case to Alaska governor Earnest Greunig. When the order was rescinded shortly thereafter, Dellama earned a reputation "as the CIO lady who got that thing repealed." While Dellama's account reveals no recognition of the substantial campaign against the order mounted by the ANB and ANS, her stance on the issue differed markedly from the CIO's male organizers who had preceded her.[63]
While Dellama and Hansen negotiated for wage improvement in the form of higher seasonal guarantees and better hourly wages as had earlier male organizers, they added efforts to overcome the twin barriers of sexism and racism. They urged the locals to give dances, to hold bingo games, and to sponsor activities to raise funds for organizing in the region. By these means they hoped to link up with the type of activities that the ANS regularly conducted to generate interest in the union through channels that might appeal to women and that would be in relatively neutral social settings.[64]
Dellama and Hansen, joined by the Del Fierros and others long familiar with organizing in the region, also made a special effort to publicize the efforts of Native Alaskans in the CIO locals. In May 1944, the national union newspaper for CIO cannery and agricultural workers, the UCAPAWA News, ran a picture of six Native Alaskans, five of them women, on a page of articles about the organizing campaign. The newspaper stressed the prominent role the women played in the union and the fact that the locals supported a family economy. "SUSAN BROWN," one caption read, "is an Alaskan native and has helped . . . [the CIO locals] win the benefits the workers now enjoy." Another lauded Ruth Hayes, whose mother, father, husband, and children toiled in the canneries, to indicate her long-standing association with native labor. "Sister Hayes," explained the paper, "has been largely
instrumental in organizing her Local and has been its Business Agent for the past 5 years." The paper presented Margaret Wanamaker as the centerpiece, touting her as "Vice-Pres[ident] of Local 269 in Juneau, . . . [and] secretary of the Alaska Native Sisterhood of Juneau."[65] The pictures and captions reinforced the image that the CIO unions worked against discrimination, supported "bona fide" resident cannery workers, and, in doing so, helped foster the well-being of Native Alaskans.[66]
In spite of the tremendous efforts by the international union, outside organizers like Dellama, and locals like Hansen, recruiting Native Alaskans was difficult because of the activities of the ANB and ANS. According to Dellama, the "Indians were interested in unions," but the ANB/ANS was "a big problem" because it attempted to spread "all kinds of rumors" about her. She complained that while she might sign workers in a particular village on one day, on the next day, "when the Native Brotherhood organizers came to the village they would all sign up with him [sic], too. Then I would have to go back to that village and organize all over again."[67]
Dellama also had to confront cultural assumptions over which she and other non-Native Alaskans had little control. In June 1944, a dry summer, a tremendous storm, and a house fire. started a conflagration that leveled the town of Hoonah, killing one and resulting in the loss of many ceremonial and personal items. Hoonah's residents were "staunch Alaska Native Brotherhood people," but Dellama had been "making headway" until an investigation of the fire pointed to its origin in the home of a "known CIO man" where Dellama and other organizers had lodged. "Suddenly it was the CIO's fault," she recalled, and "people wouldn't speak to me."[68]
After six months of organizing in Alaska, Dellama returned to San Francisco. "When I left, I told the Indians I'd be back in six months, but then I learned that the union wasn't going back. . . . The union never went back."[69] That was unfortunate for the CIO, because Dellama's presence and the CIO's media campaigns tapered off just as the battle for certification as the bargaining agent for the region began to heat up again. During the 1945 canning season, the NLRB polled resident cannery workers, Native and non-Native, on their choice for union representation. In the NLRB tally the ANB/ANS earned 364 votes as the appropriate bargaining agent for southeast Alaska while the CIO and AFL registered 357 and 301 votes respectively.[70] While the ANB/ANS achieved a plurality of the votes, NLRB officials believed the election was "not decisive" because no party had earned a simple majority. At the requests of the ANB/ANS and the CIO locals, the NLRB ordered a run-off to be completed by September 1, 1946.[71]
In the interim, the ANB/ANS and AFL became much closer partners. By the November 1945 ANB Grand Camp Convention the die was cast. Louise Collier, one of three "fraternal" AFL delegates attending the ANB convention, told the assembled conventioneers:
Providing work is a matter of native politics. I pledge myself to fight for Indians. As my personal message, if cannery workers joined [the] CIO there would be no social work. . . . The AFL has more to offer as an affiliation. The CIO has no interest in social affairs and decisions are governed by the pocketbook. Alaska needs an all-Alaska union. AFL is for Alaskan workers. ANB is for placing natives in work first. The CIO doesn't care about placing anyone on a job [except outside workers]. What they do makes evil thoughts come.[72]
A majority of the delegates approved the proposal to merge with the AFL cannery workers' locals. The AFL promise of "complete autonomy" for the local at each small town in the region—a cornerstone of the ANB—must have helped a great deal for it allowed each ANB/ANS camp to determine how to balance the concerns of its members and other non-Indian resident workers. Nonetheless, a third of the delegates either voted against AFL affiliation or were absent.[73] A significant proportion thus balked at any alliance with the AFL.
That reluctance delayed the merger between the ANB/ANS and AFL, and showed in the NLRB election results. The new combined organization, the Alaska Marine Workers Union, struggled to keep its membership's divergent interests in check and ultimately joined with the AFL-affiliated Seafarers International Union, which provided some administrative assistance, but in spite of the merger and outside support, it garnered 465 votes to the CIO's 485 votes.[74] The election came late in the year and although the NLRB made its decision in December 1945, as late as the end of January 1947 neither the CIO nor the AFL locals seemed to know with any certainty which party had won the election.[75] By late March 1947, head of the Seafarers International Union Harry Lundeberg protested to Paul Herzog, chairman of the NLRB, that a "true election" among southeast Alaska resident workers, not one peppered with "outside" voters, would give his union a majority.[76] In attacking the Asian American-led "outside" CIO union, Lundeberg connected the Seafarers' own anti-Asian and anti-CIO campaigns with those of some Alaskan workers.[77] While the AFL contested several of the 1946 votes on these grounds, NLRB officials sustained the CIO locals as the bargaining agent.[78]
With that decision, the joint ANB/ANS and AFL activity lost its currency and the organization's leader, William Lewis Paul, bitterly accused "whites" of "deserting" Native Alaskans while the union "silently folded up and died."[79] In addition, the growing concern over communist infiltration in labor organizations, reorganizations of the internationals, and the continued struggle between the AFL and CIO once more distracted the larger stateside locals.[80] The possibility that one labor organization might represent the entirety of Alaskan salmon cannery workers again disintegrated into its component parts. By that time, however, the ANB and ANS had moved beyond labor is-
sues to a wholesale attempt to regain rights to a land base.[81] Filipinos struggled to maintain their positions against a growing corps of college students hired by canners, the continued attacks on them as "foreigners" and radicals, and the old standby that they were "outside" workers. Efforts to accommodate Native Alaskans, Asian immigrants and Asian Americans, European Americans, and men and women never truly took hold.
In spite of the tremendous competition among these three "communities" for employment and the attending racialism and friction, some opportunities emerged for building bridges between groups. Filipino residents of Alaska not only served as loci for the geographically diffuse community of co-ethnic migrant laborers, but also as links to local communities through marriage and labor organizing. Many "white" resident Alaskans played upon the image of Asian American "outsiders" to defend their positions, but ironically found themselves allied with Native Alaskans. Native Alaskans, especially women, played a central role as an important element in the economy and politics of Alaska and developed bridges to other groups.
Labor organizations and the federal government played significant roles, too. While the CIO's racially inclusive policies have been amply demonstrated,[82] in this case the AFL's support of racial minorities is instructive.[83] It occurred during a window of opportunity that opened in the late 1930s when it began to compete with the CIO for members and as the federal government ensconced itself as a permanent player in labor arbitration. Up to the mid-1940s, as Kevin Leonard has demonstrated for Los Angeles,[84] that window remained open and the AFL continued to embrace a new racial consciousness. The onslaught of the anti-communist drives of the late 1940s and early 1950s slammed that window shut. In the meantime, both Native Alaskans and the AFL had used the opportunity to push forward their own separate, but conjoined, agendas.
The swirling tides of "community" cooperation and conflict in southeast Alaska confirm the centrality of cultural frontiers to the nineteenth- and twentieth-century West. How the people in those communities came to define themselves, sometimes in the context of discrimination, shifted over time. The ANB/ANS, for example, began as an assimilationist temperance organization, but then began to take up civil rights issues in the 1920S, combined those with labor programs beginning in the 1930s, and then transformed again in the postwar years to focus on land claims and camp-level activities. When different communities came into contact with each other at various historical moments the result was as often conflict as cooperation. Alliances were brief but promising. Maintaining them, sometimes quite literally against storms and fires, was never easy, particularly in the West with its multiplicity of active racialized peoples who were not just outsiders in the region's history.[85]
Unlike the South or the unmarked North (or East), the U.S. West's narrative and rhetoric of race up to the mid-twentieth century was not calculated as a black-white binary.[86] Instead, it held room for many players, who, though they operated under a system dominated by historically constructed "whites," struggled with each other for positions in the racial hierarchy. Social theorists Michael Omi and Howard Winant argue that such a "war of position" (though perhaps wars is a better term) marked a transition from an earlier epoch when racialized peoples were excluded from the political system to one in which they gained access but not control.[87] In the West, the federal government's presence and control of property (resources and land) and labor was far greater than in other regions. When shifts in federal policy occurred, such as the rights of workers to organize and bargain collectively with representatives of their own choosing, racialized peoples seized the moment to press their agendas. Yet in places where no "majority" truly existed—as was the case in Alaska and throughout much of the West—these competing communities sometimes set aside the long history of divisive struggle at their places of work to create moments of cooperation. Their grassroots political concerns as "Alaskan" and/or "workers" sometimes overrode "Tlingit," "Indian," or "Filipino" issues. The story of the competition and cooperation among Asian Americans, Native Alaskans, and European American Alaska residents thus becomes part of the West's larger story, one that goes beyond isolated ethnic enclaves and embraces the "cultural frontiers" of the interactions among peoples.[88] The West's complicated social relations force us to develop a narrative that refuses to essentialize racial, class, or gender categories. We need to dream of the shifting currents inside and between each. We also need to recognize that this is much more than a small vignette played out in distant Alaska or the U.S. West: it encompasses issues of interethnic relations that reach far beyond the region; it reveals how world markets shuffled people and resources around the globe; and more importantly, it demonstrates how people struggled at individual and community levels to make a reasonable life for themselves in the face of much larger constraints. If "western," this story is one of a cultural frontier fraught with competition and conflict often driven by national and even international market forces. Western visions thus cannot be narrow, exceptionalist explanations.[89]


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Comedian Kevin Hart to host "Largest Free Concert in America"
Philadelphia native, Kevin Hart, serves as the host of Wawa Welcome America!'s Philly 4th of July Jam
The Philly 4th of July Jam has added even more star power to its lineup for 2013. Philadelphia's own Kevin Hart will return to his hometown this summer to host Wawa Welcome America!'s signature concert on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. Hart will join house band The Roots and numerous other big-name artists.
"The City of Philadelphia is excited to welcome Kevin Hart back to his hometown to host the Philly 4th of July Jam," said Mayor Michael A. Nutter. "Kevin's comedic talent is sure to enhance the already thrilling concert lineup that we have planned. With The Roots, Jill Scott and Kevin Hart on stage, Philadelphia will be well represented during this year's show."
Kevin Hart is a renowned comedian who was born and raised Philadelphia. After a chance performance at amateur night in a Philadelphia comedy club, Hart's life was changed forever. Hart has been non-stop ever since, bursting onto the scene as one of the most versatile comedy actors in film and television. The feature film version of his tour, Let Me Explain, will be in theaters on July 3.
"We are so excited that Philadelphia's Kevin Hart has come home to host this year's Wawa Welcome America! Philly 4th of July Jam," Desiree Peterkin-Bell, City Representative and Executive Director of Welcome America, Inc. "His undeniable talent and connection to Philadelphia made him the perfect choice for us. With this addition and the range of artists we have secured, the 2013 Philly 4th of July Jam is on pace to be the best yet."
As part of the week-long celebration of our nation's birth, the Philly 4th of July Jam is a show like no other, with artists performing on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in the shadow of the iconic Philadelphia Museum of Art. John Mayer, Demi Lovato, Jill Scott, Ne-Yo, Grace Potter, J. Cole, and Ben Taylor will all join Then Roots on July 4, starting at 7 PM. The show will be broadcast locally on 6ABC and simulcast by VH1 and Palladia from 8PM to 11PM.
Wawa Welcome America! Schedule of Events
The City of Brotherly Love invites Philadelphia residents and visitors alike to make lifelong memories at Wawa Welcome America! from July 1 to July 7, 2013. The 2013 schedule brings festival attendees seven days of FREE, family-friendly events, including the weekend after the Fourth of July,n and will prove why Philadelphia is the only place to celebrate America's birthday. A detailed event schedule nfollows below. All events are free, unless otherwise noted.
Taste of Philadelphia
Penn's Landing, 301 S. Columbus Blvd.
Noon – 10 p.m.
Wawa Welcome America! invites visitors and Philadelphia residents to ignite their taste buds at Taste of Philadelphia, a signature three-day food sampling event. Each year, Taste of Philadelphia continues to expand nits food offerings, family friendly activities and free music entertainment – with 2013 set to be the "biggest bite" for food lovers yet.
The grounds at Penn's Landing will be filled with traditional festival foods and representatives from some of Philadelphia's favorite restaurants. Philadelphia's famous food trucks will line the Chestnut Street Bridge, offering a unique twist on the traditional sidewalk cart. As guests dine on local favorites, their eyes and ears nwill be treated to outstanding musical performances and beautiful views of the Delaware River waterfront.
Entertainment and admission to Penn's Landing for Taste of Philadelphia are free -- with bite-sized dishes from restaurants and food trucks offered at a few dollars each.
Throughout the duration of Taste of Philadelphia, local and national artists will entertain guests on two stages -- the RiverStage at Penn's Landing and the Old City Stage at Front and Chestnut Streets.
Taste of Philadelphia
Penn's Landing, 301 S. Columbus Blvd.
Noon – 10 p.m.
Local culinary favorites are served up for another day as our headliner, Marsha Ambrosius, lights up the stage with a soulful performance. Taste will end with a bang – literally – as the Adventure Aquarium Waterfront Fireworks Spectacular illuminates the sky over the Delaware River.
Taste of Philadelphia
Penn's Landing, 301 S. Columbus Blvd
Noon – 3 p.m.
Enjoy the final day of Taste weekend while taking in the sights and sounds of local talent along the waterfront at the RiverStage.
+ Top Story
Russell Baze's is stuck in a dead-end job at a rural Pennsylvania steel mill rumored to be closing soon. He's not in a position to abandon the Rust Belt in search of greener pastures, between having to care for his terminally-ill, widowed father and a kid brother, Rodney Jr., suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome.
At 10:30AM on Tuesday morning, Kim Fields said hello to the latest addition to their family; a baby boy. Fields kind of stole the spotlight from Halle Berry over the summer, who surprised many by announcing she was pregnant at the age of 47.
With the Thanksgiving holiday falling about as late as possible this year, the typical year-end glut of film releases is on an abbreviated schedule. Perhaps for that reason, a healthy percentage of award-friendly movies have already come our way, including 12 Years a Slave...
Nelson "Mandiba" Mandela (Idris Elba) secretly started writing his autobiography "Long Walk to Freedom" while still serving what he had every reason to believe might very well be a life sentence on Robben Island. The lawyer-turned-spokesman for the outlawed African National Congress had been...
Naima (Jennifer Hudson) is a single-mom struggling to pay the rent on the apartment she shares with son Langston (Jacob Latimore), 15, who's the same age she was when she had him. Back then, she was as headstrong as he is now, which explains why she ran away from a good home...
'Science has proved that the brains of white men are superior to the brains of black men.' 'The Bible has revealed that God made white men to rule over black men.' Convinced of these 'truths', the rulers of South Africa embarked on a radical experiment...
TV One unveiled its lineup of holiday programming, which will include the premiere of two original specials, the network's first-ever holiday variety show, "One Christmas", on Saturday, November 30, 8PM/ET, and Russ Parr's latest feature film, family drama A Christmas Blessing...
Now he's gone and done it again. "Bill Cosby: Far From Finished" finds this king of comedy onstage in Cerritos, Calif., where he rules for the 90-minute special airing Saturday, Nov. 23 on Comedy Central (8 p.m. EST). Still, it's fair to ask: Why so long a break, and why now for his return?

subset: commoncrawl


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Order today for Monday delivery
Beautiful Bedding set comprising a cosy cot bed quilt and Brilliant cot bed Bumper. Cosy quilt to ensure the new arrival can snuggle down and enjoy a long and peaceful night's sleep. Protective bumper to ensure nothing goes bump in the night.
I bought this to use on a compact cot it's a lovely fit the quilt is a little big but apart from that it's perfect.
The duvet and bumper were better appearance than that described, are of very good quality.
I love this set it is such beautigul colours. I am going to Peterborough this afternoon to buy. I hope they have matching items I want the whole range I love it
These are exclusive customer reviews unless otherwise stated. Specifications of goods are subject to change.
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Tom Eschen is the Weekend Sports Anchor and a multimedia journalist at CNY Central.
SYRACUSE -- Two case managers from the Syracuse Salvation Army will travel to New York City on Monday to work with families affected by Superstorm Sandy.
Ellen Aldrich and Joelle Harrison will travel to New York City and work alongside the Salvation Army's Greater New York Division, FEMA and American Red Cross for approximately two weeks starting on Monday. While there, they will help families get back on their feet and get back in their old or new homes after the storm washed everything away.
"We'll go down, we'll meet with the families, find out their needs, find out where they're at, what's going on with them, how far they've progressed in obtaining permanent housing, and go from there with them," Ellen Aldrich says.
In Syracuse, Aldrich and Harrison work with people to get them off of the streets, and transition to a new lifestyle with a permanent home. They say that while the situations are different, helping people get back on their feet, regardless of their background, is what they specialize in.
"People are grieving," Aldrich says. "They lost everything in one fell swoop, it wasn't anything they did to bring it on, it was a shock, so some of them are probably still in shock, they just need to know there are people in the wings trying to get them help."
Aldrich added that just because the storm hit about three months ago, thousands of people are still displaced from their homes, and that support needs to continue.


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10/10/10 - Global Work Party
10/10/10 was the biggest day of practical action to cut carbon that the world has ever seen.
It truly was "A Day to Celebrate Climate Solutions"--together we got to work in our communities on projects that can cut carbon and build the clean energy future.
But we didn't stop there--we used the day to pressure our leaders to Get To Work themselves by passing strong climate policies promoting clean energy and reducing emissions.
Millions of people came together to take action locally: including bike repair workshoppers in San Francisco, school insulating teams in London, waste-land-to-veggies-gardeners in New Zealand, and solar panel installers in Kenya.


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Peter Grooff Product Management Broadcast & StudioProfessional Audio
Michael SteinhauerArea Sales Manager BroadcastProfessional Audio
Theresienstr. 8D-74072 Heilbronn
Telefon: +49 (0)7131 - 617-440broadcast @beyerdynamic .com
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Select colors for your 2012 Ford Fusion
Current Trim: 4dr Sdn S FWD
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Destination Charge | $795 |
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2011 BMW i8 Concept. Comes with a new look, making this car into the limelight, having previously appeared i3 version, now BMW is launching the latest version bmw i8. The concept of development that is applied is not different from the version I3. There may be few additions and improvements. Moreover, it can give a […]
Tagged : 2011, 2011 BMW i8 Concept, 2011 BMW i8 pictures, 2011 BMW i8 review, 2011 BMW i8 specs, bmw i3 concept, bmw i8 concept price, BMW i8 engine, BMW i8 interior, bmw i8 jeep, BMW i8 performances, BMW i8 price, bmw i8 review, bmw i8 specifications, bmw i8 specs, BMW i8 used, i8 bmw interior, i8 engine, luxury, new BMW i8, safety car
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December 17, 2009
Aaron Dickens RedRaiderSports.com
The state of Florida is quickly becoming a productive recruiting territory for Texas Tech. Four of the 16 prospects that have verbally committed to Mike Leach's program over the last five months are from the Sunshine State. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now for a FREE Trial
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Topman.com has the latest in men's jeans styles, colours and fits that are perfect for your new season wardrobe!
From the bright and bold colours of Monkee Jeans to the timeless style of Levi's, Topman stock only the finest men's branded jeans around. Looking for something different? Then Criminal Damage and Sparks offer jeans with extreme washes and neon colours that'll bring even the simplest outfit to life.
Showing items 1 - 6 of 6
Showing items 1 - 6 of 6


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2 hrs ago | KICD-AM Spencer
Storm to cloak much of Midwest, Northeast in snow, freezing rain
A wide band of ice, freezing rain and snow was expected to march across the Midwest Friday, stretching across a broad swath of the country into the Northeast, where many areas were still recovering from a winter storm last week.
Should PBS receive government funding?
What's the best way to prevent abortions?
5 hrs ago | The Miami Herald
'Hours': A modest memorial to Paul Walker
"Hours," one of Paul Walker's last films and arriving in theaters just two weeks after his death in a fiery crash, comes as a modest memorial to the 40-year-old's career.
9 hrs ago | Patch.com
Weekend Storm to 'Create Treacherous Travel Conditions'
At least six inches of snow followed by sleet and freezing rain are expected in Hamilton and Wenham, starting on Saturday afternoon.
Rye Lions aid victims of the hurricane
RYE and District Lions Club is helping to provide life saving relief for local communities affected by the disaster caused by Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines.
Syrian refugees chilled by storm called Alexa
Winter has come for 2.2 million refugees living outside Syria and millions more displaced inside the country, as a storm named Alexa sweeps across the region, bringing with it high winds and freezing temperatures.
Long Island Wins Ultimate Faceoff Against Hurricane Sandy
Hurricane Sandy last year did more harm to coastal cities and homes than any hurricane in U.S. history, except Katrina.
Offshore Wind Could Offer Hurricane Protection
According to computer simulations conducted by Stanford University researcher Mark Jacobson, a protective wall of 70,000 offshore wind turbines built 60 miles off the New Orleans coast would have reduced Hurricane Katrina's wind speeds by 50 percent and storm surges by about 72 percent by the time it reached land, and a similar array off the coast ... (more)
Winter storm pounds Mideast for second day
The storm, dubbed Alexa, already has pounded much of Lebanon and parts of northern Syria, pushing temperatures below zero and dumping snow and heavy rains.
2013 had lowest Atlantic hurricane count since 1982, says insurance firm
A coconut tree falls and is washed away by rains from Hurricane Sandy, as a river swells to dangerous levels and threatens homes along the bank, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on October 26, 2012.
Report: Colorado hit hard in a year of few natural disasters
A guardrail hangs away from a closed canyon road west of Boulder on Sept. 20. The year of 2013 experienced far fewer natural disasters in the United States than expected, but Colorado was one state that saw significant damage caused by wildfires and floods, CoreLogic said Wednesday in its annual Natural Hazard Risk Summary and Analysis.
Ex-New Orleans cop acquitted in Hurricane Katrina-related shooting
A federal jury on Wednesday acquitted a former New Orleans police officer of civil rights and gun charges arising from the killing of Henry Glover in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
Long Term Recovery Groups in Place to Assist Sandy Survivors Still in Need
Fifteen Long Term Recovery Groups have been set up throughout the state to assist survivors of Hurricane Sandy who have remaining unmet needs and limited options, the New Jersey Office of Emergency Management announced on Wednesday.
Neither snow, nor rain, nor hurricane - post office returns to Sea bright
Though the ultimate fate of Sea Bright's branch post office is undecided, a streamed-down U.S. Postal Service location, the first of its kind in New Jersey, will open at Bain's Hardware this winter.
Local Shell Stations Pay Price for Alleged Hurricane Sandy Gas Gouging
The reports of gas price gouging in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy may have hit closer to home than residents realize.
Gateway National Recreation Area
Miller Field Reopens to the public on April 20
Miller Field is re-opening to the public for the first time since Hurricane Sandy.
Dick Cheney apparently wishes Christie had banned Obama from New Jersey after Hurricane Sandy hit
Dick Cheney told Fox viewers on Monday that he thinks New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie is "a promising figure" in the Republican Party, but quickly added: I guess this means that in Dick Cheney's world, Chris Christie should have banned President Obama from entering New Jersey, refused Federal assistance, and spent the final days of the campaign ... (more)
No verdict in trial of ex-cop in Katrina shooting
For the second time in three years, a federal jury is deliberating whether fear or malice drove a former New Orleans police officer to fatally shoot a man outside a strip mall less than a week after Hurricane Katrina's landfall.
Judge denies ex-mayor's motion to vacate Katrina-related conviction
GULFPORT - A federal judge has denied a motion to throw out the conviction of a former south Mississippi mayor sentenced to probation in a Hurricane Katrina fraud case.
PHOTOS: Winter storm moves across Eastern U.S.
A woman walks past Independence Mall in Philadelphia on Dec. 10. Accumulations of 3 to 6 inches were expected as the National Weather Service issued a winter storm warning for the Eastern Seaboard, including Baltimore, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia and Wilmington, Del.
Italy's new leader of left vows to back government
President Barack Obama will pay tribute this week to Nelson Mandela, making the long trip from Washington to South Africa Monday to attend a national memorial service for the anti-apartheid icon.


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Release Notes: This release fixes a bug with sub-administration rights and gives a user the ability to see the rights granted to him in the general view.
Release Notes: This is a small release fixing an issue with losing admin rights.
Release Notes: This is a bugfix release. It fixes some bugs with the search functionality.
Release Notes: This release fixes issues with the sort order of the log entries and some other issues.
Release Notes: This release fixes some minor bugs and contains some enhancements. Custom fields were not editable by users themselves. This is now possible. The search field in the access right list has been replaced by a filter functionality. Reports now have a filter functionality to shrink the results shown in a report. There are some other feature requests included in this release.
Release Notes: This release fixes a bug that occurred when submitting information on the general page. Another bug that occurred while deleting projects was fixed too. Permission violations are now written into the database log. The search for group administrators includes the userid now. The group search shows only groups the user may work with. A search field was added to the repository access rights list.


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Product No.: SL-4480-SBE
The finish of the silicone material effectively prevents against any slippages in tense gaming situations. All controls and connectors on the gamepad remain fully accessible.
- Protective skin prevents the PS®3 gamepad from getting dirty
- finally more colour for the gamepad
- play safely through tense gaming situations thanks to the non-slip finish
- easy to attach and remove thanks to the robust material
- all controls can be easily accessed


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Linux on iPhones
A Linux Kernel 2.6 runs on Apple's iPhones (first and second generation) and the iPod Touch (first generation).
The developers of IPhone Linux now included the OpeniBoot bootloader. A readme describes the necessary steps to install OpeniBoot and run Linux on the Apple mobile phones.
The readme warns, however, that you should know something about how an iPhone works before attempting the installation. Otherwise you risk it not booting at all. Apparently the iPhone loads an image in recovery mode that installs the OpeniBoot boot manager.
Note that a number of drivers still don't work. Nand doesn't have write capability yet and there's no WLAN, touch screen support or sound. The modules that do work include the frame buffer and serial drivers. The long-term goal is to introduce Google Android on the iPhone.
Download the data from here, which also includes a video.
Issue 158/2014
Buy this issue as a PDF
Digital Issue: Price $9.99
(incl. VAT)
Tag Cloud
New Mint Minted
Version 16 of the popular Linux desktop reveals new tools, edge-snapping, and performance improvements.
New Worm Attacks Linux Devices
Symantec says Linux-Darlioz burrows in through PHP.
Project Sputnik Gets a Boost
Dell renews its quest for the ultimate developer machine.
Sneaky New Linux Attack Discovered in the Wild
Innovative back door looks like normal SSH traffic.
CeBIT Call for Papers
One of CeBITs most successful forums opens the new year with a new name. The popular Open Source Forum continues in 2014 under the name Special Conference: Open Source. This year, the forum will be bigger and offer a wider range of possibilities for sponsors.
Linus Announces Linux Kernel 3.12
New release offers better graphics drivers and expands filesystem support.
Dark Alliance Reinvents Email Security
New mail protocol will shut out the NSA and prevent snooping on metadata.
DDos Attack Map Charts Denial of Service
A new web application helps users visualize distributed denial-of-service attacks.
Saucy Salamander Gets Legs
Ubuntu 13.10 takes a step toward convergence, with lots of mobility, but Mir only partly here.
Intel and Arduino Create Pi-Like System
Galileo board is targeted to embedded developers and educational institutions.


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Check out our Christmas sale table
Learn about the Affordable Care Act
Area residents have two opportunities to learn about the Affordable Care Act at Paris Public Library.
PACE, Inc. will host a free informational event to educate residents about new health insurance options from 1pm to 7pm on December 9 in the library's northeast meeting room. Presentations will be held at 2pm, 4pm, and 6pm.
Sarah Bush Lincoln will host a free informational meeting on the Affordable Care Act and Get Covered Illinois in the library's Gibson Room at 4pm on Thursday, December 12. Attend the one-hour session to learn more about the health marketplace - what's available, who qualifies, and how to enroll.
New! 3M ebooks in our SHARE catalog
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Download the appropriate app, choose Illinois Heartland Library System as your library, and enter your card barcode number and PIN. Need help? See our Using3MCloud brochure.
I-Cash kiosk at Paris Public Library


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Search results for : | genesis neuralgames |
PTEM's Japanese club
Welcome to Genesis-09 ^^ this forum allows you to interect with each other, share ideas especially about japan and its culture. Here, you can also get information and updates from PTEM japanese club.
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All about assembly programming in the Sega Genesis console.
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Private place for Genesis Guild members to talk, share, and discuss.
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All about programming in Sega Genesis.
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Genesis Guild on Arcane Hearts
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The Eden Eternal guild of awesome individuals.
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Wild Beast Team
A roleplay site for the Persona rp "Shadow of the Genesis"
welcometopersona, roleplay, site, "shadow, genesis"Galaxy Genesis
A place to come together and discuss a variety of subjects, with a focus on today's gaming, cartoons, anime, and other forms of multimedia, interactive or otherwise.
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This is a site created for Role Playing in the persona Universe
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Clan tag is [gene] for anyone that wants to know(this will be updated soon)
genesis, clan, [gene], anyone, that, wants, know(this, will, updated, soon)Free forum : From Genesis to Revelations
Free forum : Anything under the sun. The sun which was created by God.
free, from, genesis, revelations, anything, under, which, createdGenesis Mixes Studios
The official forum for the studio where we will discuss band member's hair 8}D
genesis, mixes, studios, official, forum, where, will, discuss, band, member's, hairJurassic Mods
JP. Jurassic Mods. jurassic park mods operation genesis
jurassic, park, mods, operation, genesisGenesis Sword - The Glorian Empire
Server brought to you by Unknown Spider.
genesis, sword, glorian, empire, server, brought, unknown, spiderCode Lyoko Genesis
Guilda Exodus
Free forum : Trying it out
Sonic Speed
A site dedicated to all games Sonic has been in.
forum, sonic, hedgehog, site, dedicated, been, genesis, saturn, dreamcast, mega, drive, tails, knuckles, blast, unleashed, colors, episode, super, smash, bros, brawl, sega, shadow, blaze, eggmaFree forum : Artists Of Integrity
Free forum : A forum for genuine reborn doll artists with a track record of excellent customer service, beautiful baby dolls, and a genuine desire to produce top quality reborn dolls for collectors.
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When I know there was a last piece of my fav. snack in the fridge and someone took it... But won't admit it.
Want to hate on bunnies!? Originally Posted by NiallF96 Ah Dennis, the kind hearted veteran of e-fedding... #TeamBunnies
Originally Posted by Dennis You and your lawyer stay away from my manhood!
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When Ted receives an unexpected call from The Captain, the gang reminisced about their last awkward encounter with him. Pictured: Neil Patrick Harris Photo: Richard Cartwright/CBS © 2013 CBS Broadcasting, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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When you have a weekend of to-do's you may want to add locating leaks around your home to the list. A leak can waste a substantial amount of water depending on where it's located and how large the leak is. Here are a few tips for checking in and around your home for a leak. (Tips credit were e-mailed into us via Rooterman; an Orange County plumber.
Tips to Find a Leak at Home
- Toilets.
- Meter line.
Locating Toilet Leaks
Many toilet leaks are simple DIY fixes. Start by opening the tank and listening for any strange hissing noises. This indicates there's a leak in the toilet. Once you determine where the leak is in the toilet, you can assess whether it's something you can take care of on your own or if you need to contact a plumber. There are countless YouTube videos with instructional DIY tips for repairing easy toilet leaks. Remember that if the toilet leak is beyond your skills, contact a plumber. You don't want to make the problem bigger than what it is.
Part 1 on Leak Fixing:
Part two goes a bit more into the technical aspects of leak detection and toilet repair and will require you to have at least some experience in handyman work.
Part 2:
Locating Leaks on Meter Line
Checking the meter line is next on the list. If you can locate the leak, this can save you money once the plumber visits your home because you'll save a lot of time. Finding a leak on the meter line may sound complex, but all it takes is a little patience and elbow grease. 4Rooterguy, a small Rooter business that specializes in
drain cleaning in Orange County recommends that If you have a shut-off valve, go ahead and turn it off. If the meter continues to turn, that means there's a leak on the line. If you do not have a shut-off valve, the meter may be under the grass or dirt. Dig around for it and do the same thing (turn it off) and watch for the meter to remain turning indicating water is still being released.
A few miscellaneous tips
Walk the yard for the meter to see if there are areas where the leak is obvious. This can mean a suspiciously wet or muddy area or swatch of grass that always grows lush and green in comparison to the rest of the yard.
If you turn off the valve and the meter stops moving this could indicate the leak is in the home. At this point, you will have to go through the external pipes you have access to in your home to see if you can spot a leak. You may need to contact a Fullerton plumber for help. As with the toilet leak, stick to areas you're comfortable working on and call in a professional if you feel the job is beyond your DIY skill level.


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ntopmg is a network probe that shows network usage in a way similar to what top does for processes. It acts as a Web server, creating an HTML dump of the network status. It sports a flow collector, an HTTP-based client interface for creating ntop-centric monitoring applications, and RRD for persistently storing traffic statistics. Its C++ core can be scripted in Lua, for changing the appearance and extending functionality.
Snort is a network intrusion detection and prevention system. It is the most widely deployed technology of its kind in the world. It performs detection using a variety of methods including rules-based detection, anomaly detection, and heuristic analysis of network traffic. Its rules language is open source and available to the public as well.
LogAnalyzer is a Web front-end for syslog and other network event data. It provides easy browsing, searching, basic analysis, and some graphics. Data is taken from databases or plain syslog text files, so LogAnalyzer does not require changes to an existing logging infrastructure. Depending on the log data present, it can process syslog messages, Windows event log entries, and some more exotic things. Its troubleshooting support enables users to quickly find solutions to problems seen in the log data. LogAnalyzer was previously called phpLogCon, and has been renamed since v3.
NetXMS is a network monitoring and management system with a modular architecture. It can be used for monitoring an entire IT infrastructure, starting with SNMP-capable hardware (like switches and routers) and ending with applications on servers. The system has a three-tier architecture; the information is collected by monitoring agents (either its own agents or SNMP agents) and delivered to the monitoring server for processing and storing, where it can be accessed by using the management console. It features centralized configuration and centralized agent upgrades.
Check_MK is a complex addon for Nagios/Icinga and consists of three subprojects. The check and inventory system Check_MK is a general purpose Nagios plugin for retrieving data. It adopts a new approach for collecting data and obsoletes NRPE, check_by_ssh, NSClient, and check_snmp. It features a significant reduction of CPU use on the Nagios host and automatic inventory of items to be checked, and is especially useful with larger Nagios installations. "MK Livestatus" gives immediate and fast access to live and historic Nagios status data. It's a supported backend for many addons including NagVis, NagiosBP, and Thruk. "Check_MK Multisite" is a feature complete replacement for the Nagios GUI, and uses MK Livestatus as a backend. It is very fast, and supports efficient distributed monitoring.
Unattended installation of several Linux(kickstart,preseed,autoyast) and Windows(2000,XP,2003,2003R2,Vista,7,8,2008,2012). Features: inventory, software management, dhcp-ldap, dns-ldap, php-ssh, syslog-ng, rsyslog, switch managment, ldap browser, pxe manager, central cron management, license management.
360-FAAR (Firewall Analysis Audit and Repair) is an offline, command line, Perl firewall policy manipulation tool to filter, compare to logs, merge, translate, and output firewall commands for new policies, in Checkpoint dbedit, Cisco ASA, or ScreenOS commands. It is all contained in one file. It can read policy and logs for: Checkpoint FW1 (in odumper.csv / logexport format), Netscreen ScreenOS (in get config / syslog format), and Cisco ASA (show run / syslog format). It uses both inclusive and exclusive CIDR and text filters, permitting you to split large policies into smaller ones for virutalization at the same time as removing unused connectivity. It supports policy to log association, object translation, rulebase reordering and simplification, rule moves, and duplicate matching automatically. It allows you to seamlessly move rules to where you need them. 'print' mode creates a spreadsheet for your audit needs with one command.


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10th Birthday Gifts - Top Picks - Gifts for the Creative Thinker
Gift Buzz
Score points for originality. Check out a few of our top gifts for men that will help you think outside the tie box to find gifts as distinctive as your guy. From creature comforts to gourmet gadgets to techie tools and beyond, we'll make... Read More »
Of course you love each other. Sweetest Day is another chance to show it! Here are the Gift Guru's top picks for your sweetheart on this special day. Read More »
[caption id="attachment_21447" align="alignleft" width="164"] From Style Me Pretty. Jose Villa Photography. Desserts by Enjoy Cupcakes and styling byBluebird Cotillion.[/caption]It's National Cake Decorating Day! In the past, the world of... Read More »
When my children open a birthday party invitation, they jump up and down with anticipation and glee. I put on a fake smile and wonder how we are going to fit this event into an already packed weekend and what birthday gift we can buy that... Read More »
Hand-pickedBirthday Gifts
The Gift Gurus at Gifts.com hand-pick all gift ideas in the birthday category. View great top picks ideas from the top stores online and further refine your results by price, Gift Guru top picks and more to find the perfect gift.


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Welcome to our range of men's running shorts and tights. Whether you're looking for running pants for winter, or training shorts for the warmer weather, you'll find something to suit at Gear-Zone, with a range of athletic clothing for men, women and kids from leading brands Adidas, Nike and Ronhill amongst others.
From Adidas Essentials 3 Stripes Sweat Pants to Nike Tech Tights and Race Shorts, you can be sure there's something for every running and fitness enthusiast and for every season in our men's running shorts and tights selection.
Not sure what size garment you require?
Take a look at our size charts for a quick and easy guide.
Home | About Us | Contact Us | Blog | Size Guides | Gear Guides | Email Sign-Up | Account | Basket | Clearance
Sitemap | Terms and Conditions | Privacy Policy | Cookies Policy | Delivery | Returns | Affiliate Scheme
Norwich Outdoor Sport Limited. 1 Bessemer Road, Norwich, NR4 6DQ, UK | T :01603 699873© 2013 Gear-Zone. All rights reserved Registered Number: 05520333


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Shame that real winners of the contest didn't actually get to play the giant cowbell in Pittsburgh or get free tickets to the show.
Love this episode. I'm already looking forward to visit. :)
Totally cool! I love the kaleidoscope of sounds that Troxum brings to his music!
Josh, I LISTEN TO YOU RELIGOUSLY 93.7 The FAN & HAVE TALKED WITH YOU SEVERAL TIMES. I WOULD SUGGEST OSCARS IN MYRTLE BEACH. SC FOR ANY GAME AT ALL....OWNED BY FORMER BURGHER & RUDYS IN TAMPA, SAME THING.....AWESOME PLACES TO WATCH A STEELERS GAME, ESPECIALLY OSCARS.
I AM TRYING TO GRT TO LADT HOME GAME OF SEASON AGAINST THE BROWNS....NFL FILMS WANTS TO INTERVIRW ME.....GOD HOPE I CAN DO THIS. IF ANYONE HAS TICKETS FOR SALE, EMAIL ME firstname.lastname@example.com
Was wonderful. Was there today for lunch. Pizza and cupcakes were awesome.
There seems to be a lot more at stake for the person having all the closed negotiations. It's interesting that Mr Fitzgerald is the one person who can benefit the most from any drilling activity in Allegheny county since many of his personal companies can profit a great deal. He is in the water purification business and also has worked with chemical companies. Does this sound fishy to anyone else....well it seems like those council members that abstained for "Conflicts of interest" did so because some of them have good reasons. The person who should be abstaining from these negations is the one and only who will personally profit the most! Sounds like a conflict of interest to me. One person gets rich, and the rest of us pay for it with our health, environment and safety at risk. Not to mention loss of property values. Mortgage companies and insurance companies are now not granting either near drilling activities because of the risk associated with properties close to drilling activities. If that's not enough information for you just go some research of your own. It's a bad deal for everyone but the toxic industry and a very few individuals!
I forgot to mention I grew up in New Kensington, out side of Pittsburgh.
Hello George: Your comment about style caught my eye. In the past I have been in many writers groups. All have had, what I see as not creative critique, beyond, what i feel, is helpful to the writer. Like you I feel we have a style, unless we let someone change that through some all-knowing advice. I am starting a writers group for short fiction writers. I have sat through some terribly long readings that said nothing.
I love writing fiction, although I also write from my life, which has been a long series of adventures. When I tell one of my true tales, people always tell me i should write about them.(I am, but I enjoy fiction. I have many posted on my site at bogwig.com)
I just published an illustrated children's Christmas story from a play I wrote in 1976. I would like to send you a copy. Contact me with a mailing address. email@example.com.
Seeing as how the state of Pennsylvania doesn't view young adults as independent until they reach the age of 23, have a child, enter the military, or seek legal emancipation why couldn't the bill protect people until the age of 23? Once someone turns 18 they shouldn't loose the protection this bill seeks to offer. If anything once a person turns 18 they may see an uptick in such behavior as they're seen as being "legal" and therefore an even wider net of pervs might begin to target them.
Hirtle is correct. It's better to endure more Christian ads than for atheists to remain invisible.
Check out Sup, Muscles? new songs! http://supmuscles.bandcamp.com/
Sounds like fun.
I believe there are other alternative ways to put qualified teachers in to the classroom. What about the teachers who have their Private Academic Certificate and did not receive their full certification. Most of these teachers already have their degrees and a masters degree. Many of them did not pass the tests in PA. I believe anyone can teach their content area if they went to a four year university to become a teacher. I want to know if the teachers can make in the classroom enviroment everyday. We need to get a way from all this testing from teachers down to the students in the classroom. We are losing a lot of good qualified teachers in the city and in other states due to all the testing the students need to do to become a teacher. Alternative way could be performance based testing and continue the student teaching evaluation. There are a lot of teachers that passed the tests, but they leave the profession after 3-5 years because of the classroom enviroment. I rather have a teacher that puts in hard work everyday and who cares about the children.
Awesome place! Great food, great atmosphere and very reasonable prices. Stopped in with a large group after a trip to the PGH Glass Center. Good people!
Mike Mills is a buddy of mine, but here's my attempt at an objective review; Eat and Drink at Butcher and the Rye. We'd eat there more, but they don't deliver to Brooklyn.


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Last two batches:
Purple Romulan
Bubblegum Kush
rgnsup:Get the f*ck out of here with that... you're a clown for saying that.
your moms a clown
Bro that took guts sharing some of your Life's wisdom I hope some give it some thought to your post. You speak the truth
I'll share this, a friend who's has 20 years on you who also overcame the vices of sub culture for his love of surfing. He's been clean for long time now and his new "high" is sharing the water with his kids.
you guys have balls to be talking about just weed. you gotta step it up.
I've had my fair share, but also like many of you, quit cold turkey after graduating from college. Had some really good memories with some friends, but I can't picture myself still doing that stuff now. But I never saw anything wrong with it, and even now, I still don't. It's a plant, and I don't even consider it as a "drug".
Maybe when I retire, I'll toke up for old times sake.
thats all i say to this


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Acid Resistant: Yes | ADA Compliant: Yes |
ANSI A112.18.1 Compliant: Yes | ASME A112.18.1 Compliant: Yes |
Basin Rack Included: Yes | Basin Rack Material: Stainless steel |
Protective Bumpers: Yes | Protective Feet: Yes |
Basket Strainer Included: Yes | California AB 1953 Compliant: Yes |
Cartridge Included: Yes | Cartridge or Disk Material: Ceramic |
Quarter-Turn Cartridge: Yes | Chip Resistant: Yes |
Collection: Kitchen Combo | Commercial Use: Yes |
CSA Certified: Yes | cUPC Certified: Yes |
Dish Towel Included: Yes | Drain Assembly Included: Yes |
Drain Placement: Rear | Drip-Free: Yes |
Faucet Included: Yes | Number of Faucets: 1 |
Faucet Material: Metal | Faucet Material Details: Brass |
Flow Rate GPM: 2.2 Gallons per Minute (GPM) | Faucet Finish: Stainless steel |
Hot and Cold Indicators: Yes | Pull Out Faucet Head: Yes |
Swivel Faucet Head: Yes | Finish: Stainless steel |
Gloss Finish: Yes | Handles Included: Yes |
Number of Handles: 1 | Handle Type: Lever |
Handle Material: Metal | Handle Material Details: Brass |
Heat Resistant: Yes | IAPMO Certified: Yes |
Installation Required: Yes | Tools Needed for Installation: Tape measure, level, and pipe wrench |
Installation Type: Farmhouse/Apron | Low Lead Compliant: Yes |
Material: Metal | Material Details: Stainless steel |
Maximum Deck Thickness: 2.5 Inches | Non-Porous: Yes |
NSF 61 Certified: Yes | NSF Certified: Yes |
Number of Basins: 1 | Number of Items Included: 6 |
Outdoor Use: Yes | Pieces Included: Sink, bottom grid, basket strainer, strainer, towel, and soap dispenser |
Product Care: Stainless steel sinks should be rinsed and dried after each use, and wiped with a mild cleaner approximately once per week. We recommend Bio-Clean for cleaning all Kraus products. | Product Warranty: Limited lifetime |
Required Countertop Depth: 24 Inches | Rust Resistant: Yes |
SCC Compliant: Yes | Scratch Resistant: Yes |
Sink Shape: Rectangular | Soap Dispenser Included: Yes |
Soap Dispenser Material: Stainless steel | Soap Dispenser Capacity: 14 Ounces |
Sound Dampening: Yes | Stain Resistant: Yes |
Stainless Steel Gauge: 16 | Tarnish Resistant: Yes |
UPC Certified: Yes | WaterSense Certified: Yes |
Kraus 30" x 20" Farmhouse Kitchen Sink with Faucet and Soap Dispenser
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For Kraus, durability and reliability have always been the vital components in order to achieve the highest standards. Every model they offer undergoes rigorous testing and inspection prior to distribution. Kraus's key element of success is their customer's satisfaction.
Step into the Kraus world of perfection. With their supreme quality and unique designs, you will never feel the same about your bathroom décor. Let your imagination become reality!


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According to a recent report from the Consumer Product Safety Commission, 15,000 Americans ended up in emergency rooms during the 2012 holiday season.
A new survey commissioned by State Farm Insurance shows that the worst driving happens around the holidays.
Rain didn't keep a crowd from showing up at the annual National Christmas Tree lighting across from the White House.
Think all Costco has to offer is yearly supplies of beef jerky? Think again! You'd never expect to find these items at their wholesale warehouse.
Just in time for the holidays, and in the spirit of the upcoming Olympic games, Washington-area builders and architects joined forces to create what's being billed as the world's largest Gingerbread Sports Village. (Dec. 6)
For the holiday season this year, the US Botanic Garden has a holiday model train exhibit featuring world's greatest landmarks.
Festive shoppers are being warned to avoid fuelling the illegal trade in counterfeit goods this Christmas.
The National Christmas Tree Association says that 30 to 35 million American families buy fresh farm grown Christmas trees every year during the holiday season. Christmas tree farms that are growing Fraser fir trees in North Carolina and Oregon are being threatened by a mold that is killing the roots ...
From clothing to electronics, there are tons of holiday gift options. The downside of having lots of choices is that people get lost and ultimately buy something that's just "okay". In order to cut the research time for you, I found 12 excellent gift choices that you'll be confident ...
Sunny Obama, the Portuguese water dog adopted by the first family in August, had a minor run-in with a little girl during a holiday celebration at the White House on Wednesday.


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P30S320BP - Premier 30" Pro Series Electronic Ignition Gas Range
Freight Shipping
Premier 30" Pro Series Electronic Ignition Gas Range
The Premier 30" Pro Series Electronic Ignition Gas Range (P30S320BP) is a great and versatile gas range that is perfect for your small home, dorm, apartment or any space with a small kitchen. This model features electronic or traditional lighting measures, meaning that you can safely and easily light burners or the oven electronically or with a match if the power is out. In addition to the 17,000 BTU oven, this range features one 15,000 BTU burner, two 9,100 BTU burners, and one 600 to 6,000 BTU precise simmer burner. Together, these provide for all types of cooking and offer multiple simultaneous cooking options. Front controls eliminates reaching over hot pans to adjust temperatures and two oven racks, roll-out drop door broiler with pan and tray are perfect for all your baking and broiling needs. Anti-tip bracket attaches to the floor for safe installation, and the 10" backguard with tempered glass makes this oven easy to clean.
Premier has sustained a long-standing tradition of quality and value with their lineup of freestanding ranges for nearly 100 years. With a focus on convenience and reliability, Premier Ranges have been designed since 1912 to deliver practical solutions by adding great value to the cooking experiences of the day.
All products are crafted with pride and made in the U.S.A., offering both unique and industry-exclusive benefits with their ranges. Peerless-Premier offers a full lineup of electric, gas and commercial style stainless steel ranges and is the nation's largest U.S. made manufacturer of ranges.
Linear Valves:
Pro series exclusive valves provide greater control of heat settings between high and simmer, and are easily controlled with large commercial style knobs -
Lifetime Warranty:
Full lifetime warranty on burners, a Premier brand exclusive -
Easy Conversion:
Universal valves allow easy conversion to LP gas
Usually Ships in 5 - 7 Business Days
This item ships via Freight Line Carrier Delivery times related to this ship method are usually between 3 to 7 business days once the item leaves the warehouse. We will forward tracking information to you once the product leaves our warehouse. The shipping company will contact you to arrange a delivery appointment as a delivery signature is required. All deliveries will occur Monday through Friday. Order must be fully processed by 12pm CST to be eligible for "Guaranteed Same Day Shipping." Orders processed after that time may ship out the following business day.Freight Line items will be delivered to the first ground floor exterior door available provided there are no stairs to ascend or descend. If you require inside delivery you will need to select the premium shipping option in checkout. To determine if the item is eligible for premium shipping please add it to your shopping cart and view the shipping options drop down box. Please contact our customer service department with any questions related to shipping at (800) 297-6076, M-F, 8am to 5pm CST.
Model: TS130
Premier Top Shelf for 30" Ranges |
$119.00 |
Model: TS130B
Premier Top Shelf for 30" Ranges - Black In Stock: Usually Ships in 5 - 7 Business Days |
$119.00 |


text: 'Django Unchained' star Kerry Washington is jetting from country to country promoting her Quentin Tarintino-directed flick in which she plays a slave. USA TODAY's Arienne Thompson takes notes on Washington's super chic looks on the 'Django' promo trail. On Jan. 10, the actress slipped into a lace Dolce & Gabbana shift dress and a pair of creamy white Christian Louboutin pumps at the London premiere after party.


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Master Calendar
Spring Day 2012 (no classes)
From site: News & Events
Date: Wednesday, April 18th, 2012
Location: Various campus venues
Sponsored by: Academic calendar
Spring day is an annual celebration of that briefest part of the year when there is not snow on the ground. For one day classes recess and everyone is required to enjoy a warm beautiful spring day. Activities include just about anything that involves enjoying yourself outside, as well as free food, music, and the occasional performance.


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Im looking for an artist/ illustrator to bring my story to life urban action adventure/sci
Detroit, Michigan »
Digital Art
renewed 1 day ago
I'm a Breeder and i Do banners for Different Kennels From Breeding to Studs... but i can
Lebanon, Pennsylvania »
Digital Art
renewed 4 days ago
professional photographer for any and all occasions in life. experience with children and
Renton, Washington »
Digital Art
posted 1 week ago
Creative Design Solutions (Graphic Design Starting At $25)
Average Project Size Is Aro
Delray Beach, Florida »
Digital Art
posted 3 weeks ago
We are the first design agency that has solved problem for the customers and designers. Ou
New York, New York »
Digital Art
posted 4 weeks ago
Illusion Design Inc. is offering graphic services let us take care of all your graphic nee
Willingboro, New Jersey »
Digital Art
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We are doing custom work for anyone that has a family member a friend or a pet that you wa
Fort Walton Beach, Florida »
Digital Art
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Hi and thank you for taking the time in reading my post.
My name is Louis and I am an Art
Colorado Springs, Colorado »
Digital Art
posted 2 months ago
Need more information?
Brooklyn, New York »
Digital Art
posted 3 months ago
We are doing basically anything and everything you can think of. Custom graphics and desig
Amber, Oklahoma »
Digital Art
renewed 4 months ago


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Diesels are cheaper than petrol cars...for some of us
Drivers have to do 10,000 miles per year to make buying a second-hand diesel car cheaper than a petrol model, say industry experts
The disagreement that dogs the motoring industry: diesel or petrol? Yes, the tiff between the two types of motor is still rumbling on. Which is cheaper? Which is greener? Which give a smoother ride? I could go on…
But while several of these questions are still left unanswered, one group of industry experts has now waded onto one of the key battlegrounds with a convincing response.
The 'golden numbers'
Experts at Glass's Guide, the bible for many car dealers, have calculated that motorists must drive 10,000 miles every year to make a second-hand diesel car cheaper than a petrol model. For new diesel cars, the figure is lower at 6,000 miles per year.
These 'golden numbers' were arrived at by analysing thousands of car prices and fuel costs. Diesel cars command a strong premium over their petrol cousins, but have a far better fuel economy than petrol models, meaning motorists will save money if they drive enough miles.
Glass's Guide says that the average cost of a new, family-sized diesel car is £1,300 more than its petrol equivalent. This difference is even greater for second-hand cars, thanks to the high resale values of diesel models. It's estimated that an average three-year-old family car running on diesel is £2,000 more expensive than a petrol equal.
This increase in resale value has been driven by strong levels of demand from motorists looking to beat soaring petrol prices. Improvements in diesel technology that have led to a smoother driving experience have also played a part. Demand has now grown so strongly that half of all car sales made in 2011 were diesel.
The future
So in light of this recent surge in demand for diesel models, what does the future hold for the price of diesel cars? Well, Glass's Guide predicts the gap between diesel and petrol cars will remain constant.
Adrian Rushmore from the guide said: "More and more used diesels are coming on to the market and with new diesel car sales surpassing petrol last year, we're only going to see an increase in the amount available on the second-hand market. This increased availability should stop used car prices rising too much further."
But there are still several other factors to consider when making the choice between diesel and petrol.
Fuel prices
As we reported back in February, the first few months of 2011 have seen diesel accelerate in price at a far faster rate than petrol. This has begun to slow marginally; however diesel is still over 5 pence per litre (ppl) pricier than petrol at 147.9ppl compared to 142.5ppl, according to The AA.
Take a look at How to find the cheapest diesel and petrol prices for some tips on slashing your fuel spend.
Car tax
Diesel cars cost less in road tax, thanks to their green credentials. The bands for the tax are divided up according to CO2 emissions. So the greener the car, and the less you damage your wallet, as well as the environment. This is good news for diesel cars as they are usually more efficient than their petrol equals.
MSN Cars recently put together the top ten most economical cars. Seven diesel models appeared in the list, all with CO2 emissions below 100g/km – making them eligible for free road tax. MSN named the Kia Rio 1.1 Ecodynamics as the greenest model, with emissions of just 85g/km.
Whether you drive a diesel or petrol car will also affect your insurance premiums. esure estimates that diesel models are on average 10% more expensive to cover than their petrol equals, due to higher repair costs.
As I've already mentioned, diesel cars hold their value far better than petrol models. Read The cars that depreciate the fastest for a rundown of the new models that lose their value most rapidly.
What do you think?
Which is cheaper? Diesel or petrol?
Let us know using the comment box below.
More on cars:
The most expensive petrol in the world
Car finance: a terrible way to pay for your new car
Car vs public transport: An old banger is cheaper than the bus!
Motorhomes: how to make money from caravans!
RAC vs AA vs Green Flag: The best value breakdown cover