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Question - if someone asks me for the fountain for their party, am I supposed to provide the chocolate too? I know I shouldnt be responsible for the dippings, but the way the request was worded I am not sure if she thinks she is giving me the opportunity to use my fountain (I said something about using it in larger groups or the chocolate goes to waste, and she said 'you should bring it to XX party I am having', so I dont know what etiquette is for this one.
I love cheese dipped in chocolate. It's actually really good.


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(CNN) -- The owners of Kiss nightclub pledged to cooperate with the investigation into a fire that left at least 233 people dead early Sunday, according to a statement released by the law firm of Kummel & Kummel. "We are open to all authorities and inspections," said the statement, obtained by GLOBO TV. The owners, according to the statement, said the nightclub was properly permitted and had been inspected by the fire marshal. "All the fire systems were approved by the (fire department). They were adequate and necessary to provide for the safety of the nightclub and (its patrons)," the statement said. The statement also offered its condolences to the families of those killed in the fire that began early Sunday morning at the nightclub in Santa Maria. The full statement is here: http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2013/01/boate-divulga-nota-e-classifica-tragedia-no-rs-como-fatalidade.html

subset: commoncrawl


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"Love Will Find A Way" - Yes
"Cheated Hearts" - Yeah Yeah Yeahs
"This Is How A Heart Breaks" - Rob Thomas
"F*** & Run! by Liz Phair
"Crazy on You" - Heart
Last edited by Marlboro; 02-07-2013 at 08:21 PM. Reason: there now it fits the Chicago hint
If only it could be Fall Out Boy... they just came off hiatus and are from Chicago....
Alas, it must be something else...
Rise Against - Swing Life Away
The Smashing Pumpkins - Disarm
The Plain White T's - Hey There Delilah
DLC Wishlist
Fall Out Boy [7]
Elton John [5]
The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus [1]
Mayday Parade [2]
Sara Bareilles [0]
I doubt it'll happen but i'm still waiting for Little Piece of Heaven by A7X come out. Be a great VD song lolz, and it does have like no guitar, which could be a hint to the "lack there of guitar"... plz!!! lolz
We've recently been COUNTRY PACKED, GREENDAYED, and BLITZED.
I dont see why in these final few months that are left they can't release the RB3 versions that have been collecting dust on the USB drive.
Journey and Boston.
And it would satisfy Henry saying 1 pro guitar part, but pleasing pro players w/ a bonus(aka pro keys)
Last edited by defdog99; 02-07-2013 at 08:22 PM.
I had Kiss Me stuck in my head all day.
Which was featured in the movie She's All That.
Which Stared Rachael Leigh Cook.
Who's from Minnesota.
Which is kind of near Illinois.
Which has Chicago.
WHich is where Doc got his wife's pizza from.


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Updated 30 September 2013.
I'm on tour with Paul and Storm in October:
Thu 10/3: The Birchmere – Alexandria, VA – tix: http://bit.ly/WilPSAlex
Fri 10/4: World Cafe Live – Philadelphia, PA - tix: http://bit.ly/WilPSPhilly
Sat 10/5: SubCulture New York – New York, NY - tix: http://bit.ly/WilPSNYC
Sun 10/6: Hard Rock Cafe – Boston, MA - tix: http://bit.ly/WilPSBoston
Thu 10/17: Central Presbyterian Church – Austin, TX - tix: http://bit.ly/WilPSAustin
Fri 10/18: Fitzgerald's – Houston, TX - tix: http://bit.ly/WilPSHouston
Sun 10/20: Granada Theater – Dallas, TX - tix: http://bit.ly/WilPSDallas
That's it for 2013, and probably the beginning of 2014.
If you are interested in hiring me to attend an event, please use the appropriate contact information that can be found on this page.
Please do not leave comments on this page. Comments left on this page will be deleted.


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"To love without criticism is to be betrayed."
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Other Djuna Barnes Quotes
We are beginning to wonder whether a servant girl hasn't the best of it after all. She knows how the salad tastes without the dressing, and she knows how life's lived before it gets to the parlor door.
Djuna Barnes
56% of people like this quote
After all, it is not where one washes one's neck that counts but where one moistens one's throat.
Djuna Barnes
55% of people like this quote
Time is a great conference planning our end, and youth is only the past putting a leg forward.
Djuna Barnes
54% of people like this quote


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Do you suppose she still has to buy her own Cocoa Krispies or does she receive mass quantities of cereal from Kelloggs as part of their promo deal?
Well, I'm adding more news and photo links as I find them, but others need to join in! http://www.fsuniverse.net/forum/show...es-Summer-2013
"Randy [Starkman (1960-April 16, 2012)] lived by the same motto as the rest of us. The Olympics isnt every four years, its every single day. He just got it." --Canadian Olympic kayaker Adam van Koeverden
@USOlympic (USOC) tweeted:
"New blog: @USFigureSkating s @CharlieaWhite talks Repping the Stars and Stripes & his gratitude for #TeamUSA fans"
"Randy [Starkman (1960-April 16, 2012)] lived by the same motto as the rest of us. The Olympics isnt every four years, its every single day. He just got it." --Canadian Olympic kayaker Adam van Koeverden
I know when a few of the US Olympic gymnasts got Kellogg's endorsements before London, they literally had cases and cases of product show up at their house for them and their family. Assuming Meryl got the same, she probably has enough Cocoa Krispies to last her for awhile.
hmm... I wonder if Meryl has a new endorsement
I'm going to twizzle into a triple axel and spiral out of it.
I have long thought the perfect endorsement for her would be MAC cosmetics. (They already have Johnny Weir.) I think of all the bad makeup we have seen (and still see) on figure skaters and marvel that Meryl's makeup always looks fabulous. Time after time she figures out a look for each costume that shows up from a distance on the ice yet does not look globbed on and overdone close-up for the interviews.
"He's so approachable and if she were anymore beautiful, she wouldn't look real." - Scott Hamilton on Meryl and Charlie
Meryl Davis and Charlie White - 2011 World Ice Dance Champions and 2013 World Ice Dance Champions!
Yeah but Meryl is also naturally pretty. Like you said, she doesn't need to glob on a ton of eyeshadow/liner etc. She has an exotic beauty that you see in top models. Perhaps it's the eyes? Cheekbones? Both? Everything? haha
My favorite was her Tango makeup. Look at this close up http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uf2uhamkdNw&t=0m27s Stunning!!
Since the Shibs have announced the music for their programs does anyone think we'll hear Meryl and Charlie's choices soon? Or will we have to wait until after Champs Camp again?
I'm going to twizzle into a triple axel and spiral out of it.
I so hope we will soon hear some official news!!
More Meryl and Charlie art! Well, mostly barrels of Meryls. http://hilarity.tumblr.com/post/5566...l-face-and-wee
(I was thinking of her Worlds exhibition costume.)
Love the joy expressed in the spiral, circuscandy. Well done!


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Oregon's skiing industry generated nearly $482 million in economic impact in the 2010-11 season, according to a report from Ski Oregon, an industry organization.
The amount is composed of both direct spending, such as visits to the ski areas, and indirect spending, such as equipment purchases and other goods and services, according to "Oregon Skier Profile and Economic Impact Analysis," prepared by the University of Oregon's Community Service Center and ECONorthwest.
The ski industry provided 6,772 full- and part-time jobs, according to the report, for which 874 skiers and snowboarders were surveyed.
Of those surveyed, 62 percent visited Mt. Hood Meadows, making it the most visited ski area, with Mt. Bachelor close behind at 59 percent.
However, Mt. Bachelor received the most votes, 38 percent, for favorite ski destination in Oregon, according to the report. Skiers and snowboarders ranked Mt. Hood Meadows as their second favorite at 25 percent. Timberline came in third, with 15 percent, and Hoodoo fourth, at 11 percent.


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SOURCE MICROS Systems, Inc.
COLUMBIA, Md., Sept. 30, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- MICROS Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ:MCRS), a leading provider of information technology solutions for the hospitality and retail industries, continues to gain recognition for its outstanding interactive marketing and website design work, receiving top honors for clients in the 2013 WebAward.
Hosted by the Web Marketing Association (www.webmarketingassociation.org), the WebAward (www.webaward.org) program is the longest running annual website award competition dedicated to naming the best websites in 96 industries while setting the standard of excellence for all website development.
MICROS is honored to be selected as an award recipient in the Hotel and Regional Website categories for Best in Industry -Regional for the Visit Roseville website (www.visitroseville.com), and Outstanding Website for Parc 55 Wyndham (www.parc55hotel.com).
In addition to MICROS winning Best in Industry and Outstanding Website awards, MICROS also won Hotel & Lodging Standard of Excellence awards for the Las Terrazas website (http://www.lasterrazasresort.com/), the Woodstock Inn & Resort website (http://woodstockinn.com/), and the Joie de Vivre Hotels website (www.jdvhotels.com).
"We are excited to share these accomplishments with our clients," stated John Gularson, Executive Vice President of MICROS. "When partnering with our clients, we focus on creating innovative website designs and targeted marketing campaigns that increase conversion and direct channel bookings."
About MICROS Systems, Inc.
MICROS Systems, Inc. provides leading enterprise-wide applications, services and hardware for the hospitality and retail industries. Serving an extensive portfolio of clients worldwide, MICROS solutions are utilized in over 567,000 hotels, casinos, table and quick service restaurants, retail, leisure and entertainment, fuel and convenience, cruise, and travel operations in more than 180 countries, and on all seven continents. MICROS combines its industry knowledge and expertise to provide cloud-based, mobile and on premise solutions that allow its clients to streamline operations and successfully engage their customers.
MICROS applications include point of sale, property management, central systems, business intelligence, eCommerce, loyalty, CRM, loss prevention, distributed order management, labor management, inventory management, and merchandise planning solutions. MICROS services include hosting and SaaS, platform implementation and integration, strategic business consulting, interactive marketing, design services including creative and user experience, and managed services. MICROS stock is traded through NASDAQ under the symbol MCRS.
For more information on MICROS and its advanced information technology solutions for the hospitality and retail industries, please contact Louise Casamento, Vice President of Marketing at (443) 285-8144 or (866) 287-4736. You can also visit the MICROS website at www.micros.com or send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow MICROS on Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, and the MICROS Blog.
The MICROS logo is a registered trademark of MICROS Systems, Inc.
All other product and brand names are the property of their respective owners.
Contact: |
Louise Casamento |
443-285-8144 | |
©2012 PR Newswire. All Rights Reserved.


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Piss off Microsoft you dirt bags, we don't need you to decide what can and can't boot our hardware
The Silverlight based uploader really tipped me over the edge. Take 'em to court.
For those who haven't already seen it, look up the secret emails between Gates and other Microsoft employees that were released in the "Comes vs Microsoft" case.
These morons have been trying to find ways to stop GNU/Linux working on PCs since mid-late '90s.
EDIT: Here's a nice little example https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-a...9449736040.png
Also feel free to sign this FSF petition http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/secure-...boot/statement


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Celebrity Carnival
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- Zach Braff Shares Adorable Photo With Godson Rocco, Donald Faison and CaCee Cobb's Baby
- Revenge Sneak Peek Video: Lydia Davis Takes Back Her Beach House From Emily Thorne in the Mid-Season Finale
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- Why is Damian Lewis apologizing? — D-Listed
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text:
- Overview
- Specs
- Reviews
2013 Scattante CFR Elite Road Bike
The 2013 Scattante CFR Elite road bike is lightweight performance personified. With features like ScMT carbon technology, a Shimano Ultegra drivetrain and high-end components from FSA, Hutchinson and more, it's easy to see why the long-running Elite continues to be a road favorite.The CFR Elite utilizes our Scattante Carbon Monocoque Technology, or ScMT. Carbon fiber as a material for product development has long been utilized in the aero space industry. The material is highly flexible and lightweight, yet is has high tensile strength for incredible durability. Its high temperature tolerance and low thermal expansion make it a valuable material for high stress, high performance bike frames. ScMT leverages these virtues by allowing for the frame to be reinforced where it matters most, without adding undue weight. The fabrication requires precision tooling to maximize performance, fit and overall ride quality. The ScMT Elite frame features a tapered 1 ¼" head tube, for maximum stiffness and improved handling during sudden accelerations or out of the saddle efforts, and a BB30 bottom bracket shell. The oversized bottom bracket shell allows for direct-fit bearings and a 30mm crank spindle. The system saves weight by eliminating cups that would normally hold the bearings externally and provides more area to attach the larger down tube, seat tube and ScMT 10 chain stays to better resist deflection from pedaling forces. The result is a radically improved torsional stiffness for better pedaling efficiency at a lighter weight. The stiffness of the frame and the efficiency of the power transmission are superb. The stays are shaped to further reduce road vibration; a culprit of premature muscle fatigue.
Shimano Ultegra features flawless function and lightweight performance. That's why we selected Ultegra and an FSA Gossamer Compact Triple crankset to provide the efficiency that you require for hills and descents alike. The Ultegra 6700 shifter levers are angled outward, which gives a head start on the arc of the shift with optimized hand placement, increasing comfort and efficiency. Ergonomics are further enhanced by a re-profiled perch that reduces overall reach and girth. The wide-link Ultegra rear derailleur's main body was produced with rigid pivots, which creates the foundation for precise shifts. The body and cage design accommodates a 28 tooth large cog so the mountain stages can be attacked with confidence.
The Scattante CFR Elite continues to impress with an FSA Gossamer handlebar, OS-150 oversized stem and FSA Gossamer brakes. The brakes have a compact dual pivot design and cold forged caliper arms. Their geometry is optimized for powerful braking and superior modulation and feature rustproof chromoly hardware for even the worst of cycling climates. The Alex 28 wheels with sealed cartridge hubs setup with Hutchinson Equinox tires and the perfect blend of durability and performance. The CFR Elite is dialed-in from head toe and is ready for the road that lies ahead.
- A full carbon BB30 frame and tapered headtube and full carbon fork and carbon steerer features our Scattante Carbon Monocoque Technology for enhanced, lightweight performance
- Shimano Ultegra and FSA Gossamer compact triple cranks turn out mile after mile of efficient and lightening fast shifts
- Hutchinson Equinox tires and Alex Race 28 wheels are durable and handle well under acceleration
- Prologo Navo Evo saddle and synthetic grip tape keep you comfortable and focused on the task at hand
- Oversized FSA Gossamer handlebar, OS-150 stem and SL-250 seatpost for added stiffness under torque
2013 Scattante CFR Elite Road Bike
- bottom bracket:
- brakes:
- FSA Gossamer
- cassette:
- Shimano HG 4600, 11/25
- chain:
- KMC X chain, 10-speed
- crankset:
- FSA Gossamer Compact Triple, 50/39/30
- fork:
- Scattante Carbon Monocoque Technology, ScMT 10 full carbon with tapered to 1 1/4" steerer tube
- frame:
- Scattante Carbon Monocoque Technology, ScMT 10 carbon stays, BB30, tapered to 1 1/4" head tube, replacable rear derailleur hanger, double water bottle mounts
- front derailleur:
- Shimano Tiagra
- grips/tape:
- Synthetic, Black
- handlebar:
- FSA Gossamer, alloy 31.8mm
- headset:
- FSA integrated for tapered headtube
- levers:
- Shimano Ultegra
- pedals:
- None
- rack mounts:
- None
- rear derailleur:
- Shimano Ultegra
- saddle:
- Prologo Navo Evo
- seatpost:
- shifters:
- Shimano Ultegra STI
- stem:
- FSA OS 150, 31.8mm
- tires:
- Hutchinson Equinox, 700x23C
- wheelset:
- Alex Race 28, sealed hubs
- rating:
- 5
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- 2013 Breezer Venturi Road Bike Our Price: $2,280.00 SALE: $2,279.99


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Huge congrats to Trey Bullard and Rick Stawski on the 1st place in the derby with coot
Huge congrats to Trey Bullard and Rick Stawski on the 1st place in the derby with coot
Do you have the rest of the derby results?
Open callbacks?
"Individual Muslims may show splendid qualities, but the influence of the religion paralyses the social development of those who follow it. No stronger retrograde force exists in the world. The fact that in Mohammedan law every woman must belong to some man as his absolute property, either as a child, a wife, or a concubine, must delay the final extinction of slavery until the faith of Islam has ceased to be a great power among men." Sir Winston Churchill 1899, The River War.
Congrats rick stawski and trey bullard on the open 4th with tessa in the open
Thanks rick and trey and fine line for all the hard work with Katy this winter. Big weekend
4th in the open 1st in equal 1st in derby. Go Thomas in the am.
Congratulations to Lassie and Paul Hanson on their Derby 2nd!
Mom Gracie is very proud!!!
Congrats to Rick Stawski and Trey Bullard and the entire Fineline Team on a Great weekend. 1st Derby, 1st Qual. and a 4th Open!!!


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Mr. JEWETT moved to take from the table the resolution authorizing the appointment of a Committee to inform the Senate of the organization of the House. He was sure the Senate had taken a wrong step, and the House should not recede from its action.
Mr. STEWART was at a loss to know how the House can inform the Senate it is organized other than by sending a message to that effect by its Clerk. If the Senate does not received him, how are we to inform the Senate of our organization? He knew no good reason for taking the resolution from the table.
Mr. JEWETT did not think the House, on a mere question of dignity, should fritter away a page: 13[View Page 13] day or two. He could see why a gentleman presenting himself at the door of the Senate. claiming to be a Clerk of the House, should be able to identify himself. We are compelled to take notice of persons constituting the Senate of Indiana, and so is the Senate compelled o take notice of persons constituting the House. The action of the Senate can not be deferred on the plane of common sense. Somebody in the Senate has made a worse mistake than we have in the House. Let us go to business rather than pursue a policy more like schoolboys than legislators and men.
Mr. ANTRIM-The mistake lies not in the action of the House. The House authorized its Clerk to notify the Senate that the House was organized. The Senate failed or refused to receive our communication. It was not a communication from the Clerk, but a communication from the House through its Clerk. We have clone all we can do. The Senate refuses to recognize our messenger. It is responsible for the delay, and the House is not.
Mr. FRAZTER-The Senate has refused to receive a notification from. The House announcing: our organization. There is but one way provided in the joint rules by which messages may be transmitted between the two Houses. There is no rule under which the Senate can send a message to the House by a member of this House. Somebody told our Committee to say something to the House. We have nothing but hearsay that the Senate has refused to accept our message as delivered by the Clerk. He made the point of order that the proper motion is to reconsider, and not to take from the table.
The SPEAKER decided the point of order not well taken.
The pending motion to take from the table was lost-yeas 43; nays, 44.
Pending the roll call-
Mr. A. W. BROOKS, of Allen, and Mr. B. S. GREEN, of Dubois and Martin, appeared at the bar of the House and were sworn in by the Speaker.
Mr. JEWETT offered a resolution for the appointment of a Committee of three to inform the Senate of the organization of the House and that it is ready to proceed with Legislative business.
A MEMBER desired the Clerk to state his action in the matter, and what the message contained.
By consent Mr. Clerk Edwins said: I went into the Senate Chamber, proceeded to the rear of the Chamber, and had the Doorkeeper or Sergeant-at-Arms announce a message from the House as usual. I addressed the President of the Senate, and read the message in the following words: "Mr. President-The House has instructed me to inform the Senate that they organized by the election of Hon. W. D. Bynum, of Marion County, Speaker; S. W. Edwins, of Madison County, Principal Clerk; H. B. Frey, of Grant County, as Doorkeeper, and is now ready to proceed to legislative business.
Mr. CAMPBELL-That is the substance of the resolution now offered, and I don't see the necessity of doing over again what we have done.
On motion of Mr. ANTRIM the resolution was laid on the table upon a division- affirmative, 55; negative, 33, as reported by Messrs. Jewett and Wilson, of Kosciousko, Tellers appointed by the Speaker.
Mr. HEFFREN introduced a bill [H. R. 1] for an act appropriating $125,000 to defray the expenses of the regular session of the Fifty-third General Assembly of Indiana, and other matters connected therewith. Which was read the first time, and under dispensation of the constitutional restriction requiring bills to be read on three several days, was read the second time by title only, the third time by sections and finally passed the House of Representatives-yeas, 93, nays 2.
Mr. McMcullen offered a resolution that the Speaker appoint a Committee of five to report the number of appointees as well as by whom appointed.
It was laid on the table.
Mr. KIRKPATRICK offered a resolution, which was adopted, that the thanks of the House be tendered Hon. 0. M. Wilson for services rendered in assisting in the organization of the House of Representatives.
Mr. HEFFREN-It is necessary that we have the Revised Statues. I am informed that they are on hand, and I move that the Secretary of State be requested to furnish members of the House with one copy each of the Revised Statues, to be returned to the Librarian at the expiration of the session.
The motion was agreed to.
Mr. MONTGOMERY offered a resolution reciting that whereas there are a great many persons anxiously awaiting the action of the General Assembly with regard to the election of officers in its gift, resolved, that a Committee of three be appointed by the House and a like Committee by the Senate to fix a time for such election in the near future.
On motion by Mr. HEFFREN it was laid on the table.
Mr. JEWETT offered a resolution that this House has learned with sincere regret of the death of Hon. H. S> Perrette, a member elected to this House from the County of Floyd, and said:
"I will not detain the House at any length, but it seems to me proper that something should be said when the House is about to take action in memory of the death of one of its members. Very few members had met him. His death occurred under more than ordinarily distressing circumstances, from the fact that the wife of his youth until within two weeks of his death was in the full flush of life. Yet she was stricken down, and he returned from her grave with the grasp of death in his ame. And his death was the more pitiful from the fact that he left three small children, the oldest of which is an inmate of the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. He was a man with a career not marked with any great public service, but he was a useful citizen and trusted friend. It was my painful pleasure, if such an expression may be allowed, to attend his funeral, and I never saw love manifested in a greater degree by the people of his neighborhood than at his burial. I move that this resolution be passed by a rising vote.
The resolution was so adopted.
Mr. HEFFREN-As a further mark of respect to the deceased I move that the House do now adjourn.
The motion was agreed to.
And so the House adjourned till to-morrow morning at 10 o'clock under the rule.


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I wish to be informed of news about the Hermès Group and I accept that my personal data may be communicated to Hermès companies.
Hermes wide enamel bracelet in gold plated (2.5" diameter)
Ref. H108002F 0565
Customer service: 800-441-4488, option 1
Monday to Friday, from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. EST.
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Family Fun Saturday: Come Fly with Me
Saturday, May 18 | 1 pmEast Building, Education Studio 2
Families with children ages 5–11
$3 Members
$5 Nonmembers
Join us for a tour of works of art that explore the theme of flight, and then head back to the studio to build your own flying works of art.
Gallery tour plus studio workshops for families. Kids and adults delight in exploring the Museum's collection, creating projects together, and discovering one another's creativity. A different theme each time means there's always something new to explore. Register online, by calling (919) 715-5923, or in person at the Museum Box Office.
See more in this series:
Family Fun Saturday
Find other events like this:
Kids & Families
All events on this day:
May 18, 2013


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Critical Essays
Barthes, Roland
Roland Barthes 1915-1980
(Full name Roland Gerard Barthes) French critic, theorist, essayist, and autobiographer.
The following entry provides criticism on Barthes's works from 1972 through 2001. See also Roland Barthes Criticism (Volume 24) and Roland Barthes Criticism (Volume 83).
Barthes is widely acknowledged as one of the most important figures of the French critical movement known as Structuralism. His works have been a major influence on the practice of literary and social criticism in Europe as well as in the Untied States and elsewhere. In his best known works he applied principles derived from semiology (the study of signs and how they produce meaning) as formulated by linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, combined with elements of political activism adopted from the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre, and aspects of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis.
Biographical Information
Barthes was born in Cherbourg, France, on November 12, 1915, to middle-class Protestant parents. His father was killed in a naval battle in World War I when Barthes was very young, and so he was raised by his mother and maternal grandmother. The family lived in Bayonne and then moved to Paris in 1924. In 1935 Barthes began his studies at the Sorbonne, concentrating on French, Latin, and Greek. A case of tuberculosis that Barthes suffered when he was nineteen left him ineligible to serve in World War II. He taught for a number of years in Bayonne, Paris, Biarritz, and Bucharest, Romania, but a relapse of his tuberculosis in 1941 confined him to a sanitarium for a good part of the next six years. Pronounced cured in 1947, Barthes began to publish the essays he had been writing and which would later be collected in his first book, Le degré zéro de l'écriture (1953; Writing Degree Zero). Between 1952 and 1959 Barthes taught at the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, continuing to write and publishing his most famous book, Mythologies (Mythologies) in 1957. Barthes joined the faculty of the École Practique des Hautes Études, serving as its director from 1962 to 1977, when he was elected to the Chair of Literary Semiology at the Collège de France. His reputation as France's leading intellectual was confirmed by the subsequent publication of such works as Système de la mode (1967; The Fashion System), S/Z (1970; S/Z), Le plaisir du texte (1973; The Pleasure of the Text), and Fragments d'un discours amoureux (1977; A Lover's Discourse). Barthes remained at the Collège de France until his death on March 25, 1980, from injuries sustained when he was hit by a van while crossing the street.
Major Works
Barthes's ideas and his approach to writing evolved over the course of his career, and critics often discuss his works in terms of four stages in his critical thinking. In the first stage of his career, which includes such works as Writing Degree Zero, Michelet (1954; Michelet), and Mythologies, Barthes, influenced by the ideas of Sartre and Karl Marx, demonstrates a strong interest in issues of language, its relationship to historical and social context, and its relationship to power. In these works he developed his notion of écriture, the aspect of discourse in which the author's social and historical context imbues his or her writings with unintended meanings that are revealed in structural analysis. In Mythologies Barthes analyzed aspects of contemporary French culture—for example, advertising, travel guides, and professional wrestling—to explore ways in which they support a bourgeois worldview. The next phase of Barthes's career, which also marked the high point of Structuralism in France, is a rigorously theoretical one and includes his famous 1964 essay "Eléments de sémiologie" (published in English as Elements of Semiology). Encompassing the ideas of Saussure, Roman Jakobson, and other noted linguists, Barthes theorized about the role of language versus that of speech. To Barthes, language is based on an abstract set of rules and conventions regulating verbal and written communication, whereas speech refers to individual instances of how that language is used. The third phase of Barthes's career, influenced by French theorists Jacques Derrida and Julia Kristeva, marks a shift in his thinking from Structuralism to Post-Structuralism in the 1970s. In such works as S/Z and The Pleasure of the Text, Barthes stresses the idea that literary texts contain multiple and shifting connotations, and are therefore open to a number of possible interpretations. He also distinguishes between "readerly" and "writerly" texts: the former refer to common areas of knowledge and accommodate traditional interpretation, while the latter are more open and invite the reader to fill in gaps and make intertextual connections in the process of reading. The final phase of Barthes's career, which includes his autobiography, Roland Barthes (1975; Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes), as well as A Lover's Discourse, Le chambre claire (1980; Camera Lucida), and Incidents (1987; Incidents), is a more personal one. In these works, Barthes writes about his diverse intellectual interests, from literature to travel, and photography, in a more meditative and introspective style. Having lived with his mother his whole life, Barthes describes his grief after her death in Camera Lucida. In his last writings he also openly reveals his homosexuality, including many details about his personal life in his journals and his essays.
Critical Reception
Barthes's works of the late 1950s and 1960s were frequently criticized by academics and critics for being, in their view, pseudoscientific and laden with jargon. Barthes and his supporters defended themselves on the grounds that their brand of criticism, unlike that practiced at French universities, was more attuned to ideological, social, historical, and psychological nuances. Outside of France, notably in the United States, Barthes's theories were accorded great acclaim and did much to establish Structuralism and Post-Structuralism as respected schools of criticism. As his later works increasingly focused on the pleasurable and the personal, Barthes was attacked by some critics for having abandoned his earlier Marxist and Structuralist principles. Since his death, there have been many reevaluations of his works, as well as scholarship about aspects of his work that were not much explored before 1980. Italo Calvino and Susan Sontag, among many others, have written eulogies for Barthes, praising his unique talent as both an original theorist and a brilliant interpreter of other people's theories. Critics Jane Gallop, Lawrence D. Kritzman, and Dennis Porter have written about the influence of psychological theory on Barthes's writings, with Gallop concentrating on their connection to feminist theory; Kritzman examining the connection between language and power in Barthes's thought; and Porter discussing the psychological ramifications of Barthes's travel writing. Barthes's style has also received new attention, with, for example, John Vignaux Smyth discussing Barthes's handling of irony and his growing tendency to treat his own works as fictional in his late writings. Finally, critics have shown particular interest in Barthes's autobiographical writings, with his biographer, Louis-Jean Calvet, reexamining the twists and turns of Barthes's reputation after his death, and such critics as Ross Chambers and Pierre Saint-Amand exploring the influence of Barthes's homosexuality on his life and works.
Principal Works
Le degré zéro de l'écriture [Writing Degree Zero] (criticism) 1953
Michelet [Michelet] (criticism) 1954
Mythologies [Mythologies] (criticism) 1957
Sur Racine [On Racine] (criticism) 1963
"Eléments de sémiologie" [Elements of Semiology] (essay) 1964
Essais critiques [Critical Essays] (essays) 1964
La Tour Eiffel [*The Eiffel Tower, and Other Mythologies] [with André Martin] (essays) 1964
Critique et vérité [Criticism and Truth] (criticism) 1966
Système de la mode [The Fashion System] (criticism) 1967
L'empire de signes [Empire of Signs] (criticism) 1970
S/Z [S/Z] (criticism) 1970
Sade, Fourier, Loyola [Sade, Fourier, Loyola] (criticism) 1971
†Le degré zéro de l'écriture, suivi de: Nouveaux essais critiques [New Critical Essays] (essays) 1972
Le plaisir du texte [The Pleasure of the Text] (nonfiction) 1973
Roland Barthes [Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes] (autobiography) 1975
Fragments d'un discours amoureux [A Lover's Discourse: Fragments] (nonfiction) 1977...
(The entire section is 275 words.)
SOURCE: de Man, Paul. "Roland Barthes and the Limits of Structuralism." In Romanticism and Contemporary Criticism: The Gauss Seminar and Other Papers, edited by E. S. Burt, Kevin Newmark, and Andrzej Warminski, pp. 164-77. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
[In the following essay, written in 1972, de Man discusses Barthes's ideas in Mythologies and several other works and notes that Barthes's theory of the impossibility of ultimate signification also calls into question the logic of any type of literary criticism.]
Despite the refinements of modern means of international communication, the relationship between Anglo-American and continental—especially French—literary criticism remains a star-crossed story, plagued by a variety of time lags and cultural gaps. The French have only just gotten around to translating an essay by Empson,1 and by the time American works of literary theory or literary criticism appear in Paris, they often have lost much of their youthful freshness. There is more good will and more curiosity in the other direction, yet here too a mixture of misguided enthusiasm and misplaced suspicion blurs the issues. Even some of the most enlightened among English and American critics keep considering their French counterparts with the same suspicion with which English-speaking tourists might approach the café au lait they are served for...
(The entire section is 5575 words.)
SOURCE: Gallop, Jane. "Feminist Criticism and The Pleasure of the Text." In Critical Essays on Roland Barthes, edited by Diana Knight, pp. 188-201. New York: G. K. Hall, 2000
[In the following essay, first published in 1986, Gallop explores Barthes's ideas in The Pleasure of the Text as they relate to feminism, focusing on his association of pleasure with woman and leftist politics.]
In 1973 Roland Barthes, the foremost practitioner of structuralist literary criticism, published a book entitled The Pleasure of the Text.1 It is an attempt to elaborate a theory of the text based on the notion of pleasure rather than, say, structure or cognition or ideology. According to Barthes, pleasure has been radically excluded from criticism, from scientific, serious studies or theories of the text, his own work included, presumably.
The title of the book—The Pleasure of the Text—has in fact a subtly double meaning. Grammatically "of the text" (du texte, in French) is both objective and subjective genitive, whence the duplicity of meaning: the text is both object and subject of pleasure. The title means both the text's pleasure (the pleasure that is in the text) and our pleasure (the pleasure the text affords). The distinction is subtle because it is difficult to imagine how we might separate the pleasure that is in the text from that which the text...
(The entire section is 6873 words.)
SOURCE: Metzidakis, Stamos. "Barthes's Image."1Neophilologus 71, no. 4 (October 1987): 489-95.
[In the following essay, Metzidakis traces a change in Barthes's use of the term "image" in his writings, asserting that it corresponds to a change of attitude in his critical thinking.]
Roland Barthes did more to change the way literature is read and taught than perhaps any other French critic of the last thirty years. Having begun his career with the simple desire to write, he passed through successive phases of aesthetic and intellectual evolution during which he was—to borrow his terms—a social mythologist, semiologist, textual critic, and finally, moralist.2 Barthes has thus come to be regarded by many as something of a protean figure of modern critical thought. However, the images we have of him are so elusive that, often, we know neither what to call him, nor what to call the activities he performed at various moments of his life.
A similar problem of classification arises when we turn our attention to several other contemporary critics, and critical approaches to literature. What, for example, should we call a Michel Foucault, or a Jacques Derrida (to cite but two of the more problematic cases)? Are they philosophers or historians, archaeologists or social scientists, structuralists or post-structuralists? Since each of these questions deserves a more...
(The entire section is 3486 words.)
SOURCE: Knight, Diana. "Roland Barthes in Harmony: The Writing of Utopia." Paragraph 11, no. 2 (July 1988): 127-42.
[In the following essay, Knight discusses Barthes's notion of Utopia as presented in several of his works, stressing that it "is a central—and highly conscious—preoccupation" for him.]
Civilization/Harmony: thus did Charles Fourier, archetypal Utopian socialist, polarize wretched contemporary society and unutterably blissful new world. The binary works well for Barthes's part-political, part-ethical, part-aesthetic analyses of his own society and culture; indeed I wish to explore Utopia as the meeting point of his lifelong concern with the problems of history, language, literature, criticism and power. Apart from such obviously relevant texts as his essay on Fourier and Empire of Signs, a surprising proportion of Barthes's writings make their points through a vocabulary of Utopia as both adjective and proper noun. The scope of Barthes's preoccupation with Utopia is indicated in his 1977 inaugural lecture: 'Utopia, of course, does not save us from power. The Utopia of language is recuperated as the language of Utopia—a genre like the rest' (1983: 467). On the one hand Barthes refers positively to a 'Utopia of language' which embraces an ideal conception of literature and writing. On the other 'the language of Utopia', Utopia as a recuperable genre,...
(The entire section is 6906 words.)
SOURCE: Kritzman, Lawrence D. "The Discourse of Desire and the Question of Gender." In Signs in Culture: Roland Barthes Today, edited by Steven Ungar and Betty McGraw, pp. 99-118. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1989.
[In the following essay, first published in 1988, Kritzman examines the relationship between language and desire in Barthes's theory, and traces an evolution in his thinking about the subject, culminating in Camera Lucida.]
In place of hermeneutics we need an erotics of art.
—Susan Sontag, Against Interpretation (1964)
In what he writes, each protects his own sexuality.
—Barthes, Roland Barthes (1975)
Barthes's rhetoric of sexuality transcribes the text as a body imbued with libidinal energy and capable of generating fantasies through a figurative language that articulates theoretical fictions. As it delineates these critical texts, writing aspires to the status of matter. What Barthes terms the "grain of the voice"—the "materiality of the body speaking its mother tongue" (RF [The Responsibility of Forms], p. 270)—comes to signify how the body speaks in writing through verbal choreographics which involve positions of passion, its drives, controls, and rhythms.1...
(The entire section is 7912 words.)
SOURCE: Mortimer, Armine Kotin. Introduction to The Gentlest Law: Roland Barthes's "The Pleasure of the Text," pp. 1-40. New York: Peter Lang, 1989.
[In the following essay, Mortimer examines various influences on Barthes's The Pleasure of the Text and provides detailed explanations of key terms and concepts to aid in a correct understanding of the text.]
"Roland Barthes has just published The Pleasure of the Text, incontestably one of the great books of the decade." So wrote Les Nouvelles littéraires in January 1975 (GV [The Grain of the Voice] 198), and it was not an exaggeration. Well beyond the end of that decade, the book remains one of the great critical texts of a sensational author, a creator of discourses who is cited in an amazing variety of contexts. And there is no apprehending Barthes without understanding this minute but challenging and enigmatic text. Yet people have not fathomed its intricately woven and highly condensed discourse, nor pondered the distilled essence of its thought. Barthes is habitually misapprehended. As Peter Brooks has written, "Barthes remains the object of considerable resistance, even of hostility" ("Reinventing Reading," 46).
Readers of the book in English have often simply failed to comprehend it; some have called it whimsical or flirtatious, fanciful or eccentric; most have grasped its erotics,...
(The entire section is 13518 words.)
SOURCE: Calvet, Louis-Jean. "The 'After-Death.'" In Roland Barthes: A Biography, translated by Sarah Wykes, pp. 256-67. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press, 1994.
[In the following excerpt, originally published in French in 1990, Calvet examines works by Barthes published after his death and summarizes his intellectual and activist legacy.]
After his death, there were dozens of people who claimed that they had been Barthes's best friend, the person who was closest and dearest to him. Dozens of people sent letters of condolence to Michel Salzedo. The fact that there were so many is proof of the pretension of these self-proclaimed friends, some of whom had probably been in the 'pains-in-the-neck' category. It is also symptomatic of Barthes's lifestyle, his ability to compartmentalize his life and of his preference for seeing people on a one-to-one basis, which meant that all his friends were under the impression that their relationship with him was unique. He felt different with everyone he saw on a regular basis, and he wanted to give his all to each and every one of them. Because he believed in the virtues of dialogue, he cultivated numerous quite separate friendships. On top of this, the different areas of his life hardly ever overlapped. He carefully divided up his groups of friends according to the categories they fell into, be it professional, literary, homosexual, old friends, etc....
(The entire section is 5115 words.)
SOURCE: Porter, Dennis. "Writing the Orient: Barthes." In Haunted Journeys: Desire and Transgression in European Travel Writing, pp. 287-304. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
[In the following essay, Porter analyzes Barthes's The Empire of Signs, suggesting that in writing the book Barthes consciously tried to go beyond "Orientalism" as a travel writer, and that Japan appealed to him as a "place where knowledge is uncoupled from power."]
The first part of Claude Lévi-Strauss's Tristes Tropiques proclaims "The End of Travel." Yet, in spite of its author's opinions on the subject, it does not announce the end of travel writing. Though not without some discomfort, Lévi-Strauss himself goes on to tell the story of his travels around the world in a work that, like Bougainville's voyage, provoked its own supplement by a contemporary critical philosopher in the person of Jacques Derrida. The burden of the latter's critique is that Lévi-Strauss, by failing to posit a structure without "a transcendental signified" or a globe without a center, did not practice systematically his own structuralist theory: "As a turning toward the presence, lost or impossible, of the absent origin, this structuralist thematic of broken immediateness is thus the sad, negative, nostalgic, guilty Rousseauist face of the thinking of freeplay of which the Nietzschean affirmation—the...
(The entire section is 7686 words.)
SOURCE: Chambers, Ross. "Pointless Stories, Storyless Points." In Loiterature, pp. 250-69. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999.
[In the following essay, originally published in 1994, Chambers comments on Barthes's treatment of his homosexuality in Incidents and Soirées de Paris in the context of postcolonialism and historical consciousness.]
Conversely, a book is conceivable: which would report a thousand "incidents" but would refuse ever to draw a line of meaning from them; it would be, quite specifically, a book of haikus.
—Roland Barthes, Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes
Rosencrantz: Incidents! All we get is incidents! Dear God, is it too much to expect a little sustained action?
—Tom Stoppard, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
When Barthes's Incidents was published posthumously, there was a mild outcry in the world of the Paris literati.1 There are two relatively unremarkable texts in this volume ("La lumière du sud-ouest" and "Au Palace ce soir …"); the scandal bore on two others, "Incidents," described by the editor in a cautious preliminary note as "a notation, a collection of things seen and heard in Morocco, essentially in Tangiers and Rabat, and then...
(The entire section is 8693 words.)
SOURCE: Taylor, John."The Art of Shaving Gently." Times Literary Supplement, no. 4827 (6 October 1995): 10-11.
[In the following essay, Taylor presents an overview of Barthes's works, concluding that they remain fascinating objects of study because they reveal his inner turmoil as well as his complex critical thinking.]
Of all the French structuralists and poststructuralists from the 1950s to the present day, Roland Barthes (1915-80) surely remains the most difficult to pin down. He devoted himself to an extraordinary—his critics claim "dilettantish"—variety of subjects, from professional wrestling to semiological theory, from fashion design to photography, from Japan to Michelet, from the Eiffel Tower to the Tour de France, from Racine to Brecht. In addition, his critical methodologies evolved remarkably during the thirty-eight years of his career, taking on an increasing degree of spontaneity, subjectivity and fragmentation; for a given topic, terms would be boldly coined from Latin or Greek roots, then abandoned; enigmatic self-allusions and metaphors would crop up in analyses of sociological signifiers or in dissections of nineteenth-century literature; some of his last opinions even seemed to take issue with the aesthetics of the nouveau roman and Tel Quel, the two literary groups which he had vigorously championed and to whose renown he had greatly contributed. In brief,...
(The entire section is 2461 words.)
SOURCE: Saint-Amand, Pierre. "Barthes's Laziness." Yale Journal of Criticism 14, no. 2 (fall 2001): 519-26.
[In the following essay, Saint-Amand discusses the concept of laziness as it applies to Barthes and several of his writings, noting that for Barthes it remained a form of desire that never became a reality.]
In Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes, Barthes confesses his passion for dialectic, for binary play: in Barthes's view, this demon of contradiction is the beginning of meaning, of writing as "deporting."1 In the constellation of dialectical terms that cut across his work, I would like to explore the opposition between work and leisure, which fuels Barthes's discourse and his imaginary. The junction of leisure and work undergoes an interesting development about which I would like to make some observations. This opposition is also at the heart of a "technique of the self" (in the Foucauldian sense), of an emancipation of the Barthesian body. Laziness is one of those neglected modes of existence that Barthes seeks to plumb. He paints it as a contradictory dimension of life, a paradoxical encounter with time.
It might be said that work is Barthes's hysteria. He evinces an unhealthy obsession with activity (compulsion, obligation, work agenda). But in his autobiographical works, he constantly envisions his deliverance from these various constraints....
(The entire section is 3998 words.)
Further Reading
Brown, Andrew. Roland Barthes: The Figures of Writing. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 1992, 303 p.
Discusses the structure of Barthes's discourse, treating him as both a writer and a theorist.
Calvino, Italo. "In Memory of Roland Barthes." In The Uses of Literature, translated by Patrick Creagh, pp. 300-06. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986.
Eulogizes Barthes on the occasion of his recent death, suggesting that his legacy is a scientific critical approach that emphasizes the uniqueness of every object studied.
Goldberg, Jonathan. "On the One Hand. …" In The Ends of Rhetoric: History, Theory, Practice, edited by John Bender and David E. Wellbery, pp. 77-99. Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Explores Barthes's tendency toward logocentrism—assigning a supremacy to writing—that "betrays his bourgeois individualism."
Gratton, Johnnie. Expressivism: The Vicissitudes of a Theory in the Writing of Proust and Barthes. University of Oxford: European Humanities Research Center, 2000, 150 p.
Discusses Barthes's variable concern for and disregard of expressivism in various stages of his work.
Henry, Patrick. "Contre Barthes." Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth...
(The entire section is 652 words.)
Source: Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, ©2003 Gale Cengage. All Rights Reserved. Full copyright.


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Girl Plays Fetch With Puppet Dog.
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Italian Violin strings... - The Four Ages of Gut Strings |
1. The four ages of gut strings Though strings made out of gut had been used for thousands of years (gut strings for ancient Egyptian plucked string instruments have been found dating from the Third Dynasty), (5) over the centuries a series of improvements were introduced in the techniques needed to produce a good string. On the basis of research we may conjecture that developments in gut string manufacturing consisted not so much in a slow and progressive refinement of construction techniques but rather in periods of abrupt change brought about by the discovery of new technologies. Such innovations spread surprisingly fast and often even had the effect of determining the appearance or disappearance of certain categories of musical instrument. This can be verified if we examine the repercussions of overspun bass strings, consisting of a gut core wrapped with fine metal wire (generally of silver but also of copper or brass). These new strings, a genuinely revolutionary discovery, appeared towards the second half of the seventeenth century, spread rapidly and were directly responsible for the swift abandonment of the awkward bass-violins in use until the end of the seventeenth century (or shortly after) in favour of the emerging violoncello (6). However, it also seems highly likely that, even during periods of relative technological stagnation, string makers probably endeavoured to produce strings to the best of their ability and as perfectly as possible. The rooted idea that the strings of past centuries were a little "primitive" and a long way off the presumed perfection of modern strings needs to be firmly rejected. As a rough guide, we can outline four characteristic "eras" in the evolution of string making. The first era. The first era can be approximately identified as the phase in which certain primary materials, especially gut and silk, were discovered to possess a certain degree of resistance under tension and a capacity to produce sound. Due to its wide availability, gut was the material mainly used in the Western and Mediterranean civilizations. Subsequently, manufacturing techniques were improved and rationalized, a step that is reflected in the numerous "do-it-yourself" treatises of the Middle Ages. Here, for example, is a recipe drawn from the "Secretum philosophorum", a fifteenth-century manuscript: "Ad faciendum cordas lire! Cum autem volumus facere cordas lire [...] recipe intestina ovium et lava ea munde et pone ea in aqua vel in lexivia per dimidium vel plus usque caro se separet leviter a materia corde que est similis quasi nervo. Post depone carnern de materia cum penna vel cum digito mundo. Post pone materiam in lescivia ford vel rubio vino per 2 dies. Post extrahe et sieca cum panno lineo et iunge 3 vel 4 simul secundum quantitatem quam volueris habere et atturna ea usque sufficiat. Et extende ea super parietem et permitte sicare [...]". (7) The procedures described are surprisingly similar to those used today but, as string manufacturing was not yet a professional trade, the final product must have been rather variable in quality. The second era. The second period ranged from the second half of the fifteenth to the first half of the sixteenth century. It probably coincides with the appearance of the professional string maker, who perfected manufacturing techniques and raised the quality of strings to the highest possible levels. During the sixteenth century the main centres of string making were also important for the dyeing and spinning of silk and cotton: Barcelona, Munich and Brussels in the early-sisteenth century; Florence, Venice, Nuremberg and Lyon later. It is plausible, perhaps, that the string makers learned from the more complex techniques used in the spinning of silk: processes that would have allowed a significant initial reduction of the stiffness of the thicker strings used in the bass register. In fact, we may deduce that bass strings were, probably, even more efficient than before, if instrument makers were able to permit themselves important structural developments: in the case of the lute, a sixth course was added some time towards the end of the fifteenth century, thus extending the instrument's range by as much as a fourth (sometimes a fifth) below the fifth course; the same happened to the bowed viol. The third era. The next era began in the second half of the sixteenth century with a further leap. In this period a seventh course, generally tuned a fourth (sometimes a fifth) below the sixth course, was added to the lute (other additions were soon to follow), while on bowed instruments, string lengths seem to have been reduced (8). Recent studies (9) have tended to show that these changes resulted from the application of a revolutionary idea: the increase in the specific weight of the gut in bass strings by means of special treatments involving heavy mineral salts. Amongst other things, this is suggested by the seventeenth-century iconography, which shows bass strings of a dark red, brown or blackish colour very different from the typical yellowish colour of natural gut higher strings: in all likelihood, this was a direct consequence of the loading process. This new technique allowed makers to produce thinner yet more sonorous bass strings. But the most stringent confirmations come from the bass stringholes diameters in the original bridges of surviving lutes. Those holes are too small for a plain gut string to possess the necessary working tension for the right pitch, unless its weight was appropriately increased. Such trick would have granted the production of much thinner and sonorous bass strings than those previously in use, which would fit in those holes with the right amount of tension. Against this theory speaks the fact that modern loaded strings, as produced to date, are not transparent; a quality which is allegedly described in the ancient sources. To this point, however, it must be pointed out how historic documents (with the only exception, perhaps, of the Mary Burwell lute tutor) refer, in fact, to the lute's upper and mid registers, not to the basses. This phase, corresponding to the age of Monteverdi and Stradella, marks probably a peak in the complexity of gut string making, establishing a level of quality that was to remain unsurpassed. The fourth era. The last era - which still continues today - is marked by the advent of overspun bass strings consisting of a gut core (i.e. an ordinary plain gut string) over which is wound a fine metallic wire; the windings can be either close or open. The oldest extant document attesting this technique dates from 1659: "Goretsky hath an invention of lute strings covered with silver wyer, or strings which make a most admirable musick. Mr Boyle. [...] String of guts done about with silver wyer makes a very sweet musick, being of Goretskys invention" (10). This is closely followed by John Playfbrd's viol treatise of 1664 and other works (11). However, the spread of these more efficient basses was not as rapid as one might imagine: the viol player Sainte-Colombe introduced them to France only around 1675 (12), and in Italy, a country renowned for its string production, the earliest evidence is from the year 1677 (13). The earliest extant iconographic evidence of a violin with a white fourth string (probably over-spun with silver) can be dated to the mid. 1680s (14). It goes without saying that this discovery probably had a dramatic impact on both music and instrument making; it could even be described as a watershed, dividing before and after. For while treble instruments like the violin had always been eminently manageable, the larger instruments were disproportionately unwieldy if we consider the range that was comfortably reached by the fingers of the left hand. It is easy to understand, therefore, that as soon as efficient bass strings became available, the instrument makers shortened the vibrating lengths of several of the da fondamento instruments so as to make them more manageable. This also meant that the violin could use the fourth string more efficently and therefore more frequently than before. |


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Season after season this man does the same thing over and over again. Buys one player that may but most probably will not cut it in the premier division. Even more analytical than this he, Poldolski, will find it difficult to understand Arsenal's way of playing. That is because Arsenal only try to win when they have to or when the weathers good and most of the players who are incredibly ordinary have not improved one bit in their game since there time at Arsenal. If we have good talent like Cole or Fabregas(who were at the right age) there is no denying that they have improved considerably since leaving Arsenal,. Nuff said about Fabrgas Cole is more rounded and plays with purpose rather than rushing along the edge of the opponents box to poorly cross balls in or more times than not smash the ball against a defender. Wenger obviously thinks this is good because he just gets other players in the same position on both flanks to do the same thing. What a waste of footballing energy.
It is no surprise that the team have climbed only to the point that they feel comfortable in being before going back into the old routine of playing bad football. The same old song - play just to get into the Champions League and that's it. So Podolski is not the answer. There is much groundwork to be done and Wenger is part of the problem. He cannot motivate his team week in week out like a manager should do who has been managing a team for as long as he has. Negative you maybe thinking. Not true. I think Arsenal have potential just with the players we have got but with the type of managerial ethos Wenger brings we will never know. Podolski will only, and most definitely paper over the cracks.
i have been saying this for quite a few years now, Wenger is no longer a good manager. He is unable to improve players and makes mistakes that should leave some kind of record or make in a football history book. Fabregas as we know loved Barcelona more than Arsenal. That is why on 2 occasions Wenger was prepared to play him in the champions league against Barca even though this player was 30% fit, or 70% useless. So with all the resource at Arsenal's disposal there was not a fit player that could have taken Fabs place IN THE CHAMPIONS LEAGUE. The point I am making is this, Wenger makes mistake many other good managers would not make particularly those that involve CL football. There was not tactical advantage in playing an invalid so one can only assume that this was an emotional decision that cost the team dearly. Think I am being hard? Lets talk about one f the worse defenders ever to play in an Arsenal shirt, Sanderous. Againthis player played in the Cl twice. When his name was read out against Liverpool in the cL fans everywhere put their hands over their eyes, shaking their heads. They knew what was going to occur and thir worse nightmare was realised. My memory does not serve me that well but Sandarous I am told had some king of nervous breakdown due to his incredibly bad performance and was loaned out to a team that only took him with a payment attached in the wrong way.
Every mistake reveals the true intent of the manager, the ability to avoid others is the stuff that Managers like Jose Mourihno, Ferguson or Guardiola are able to achieve. Yes they all make mistakes but in their overall assessment many are avoided and those they do make usually are replaced with a determination to win each game like it was the last. Wenger is most definitely second division as a manager. In fact I would not class him as one. He may say everybody has an opinion. But his reply does not remove the evidence or reduce the plethora of opinions jUst because they are aired in many ways.
So we have Podolski, so what. There is much foundational work to be done. And knowing AW a great businessman for replacing like for like players I would not be surprised if VP has already been sold behind closed doors so in reality, Arsenal making another backward step toward mediocrity.
Trophy winning is not the hall mark of a good team Bill Shankly once said in an interview. A good manager is the hallmark of a good team. I think I will leave it there.
When I shout out "Up the Arsenal" I mean don't stay where you are or go backwards. So I say "Up the Arsenal" and get rid of Wenger.


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As I was watching it two days ago, I realized that they had truly saved the best for last - Street Fighting Man (already my favorite song) seemed better than ever! Now, I wonder if it was truly the best (because it seemed better than the versions from '73, even), or that I was misled by being able to see them play. When I get the DVD, I'll have to do another comparison, because it to my ears it apparently really sounded better, more energetic and perhaps even faster than any other version I've heard.
being in my 50's and having lived through the band's entire history
Saw it in Irvine, Ca last night. So here are my thoughts.
First the positive. Sound was great. Bright and crisp.
Now the negative. This appears to be a straight dup from the film. Very little, if any, attempt was made to improve picture quality. Yes, I know it's dark, as Mick said. But with todays technology, much could have been done. Reds and blues were over saturated. It was sometimes hard to watch. Chroma and luminescence can be adjusted once it's digitized. There was 'ghosting' on many of the shots. Again, this can be corrected. There were several shots with Mick on left side of the screen in a red spot and Keith was on the right with a blue. Keith was unrecognizable. This can be improved. It's only a slight improvement from the 4Reel release. But probably because the 4Reel issue is a generation or two down.
Why so critical? I have friend who's into video and he has commercially available video processors, both stand alone and computer programs. When I get a concert (ie bootleg) dvd that has colour shift, or the picture is too bright or dull, I give it to him. He has taken vertually unwatchable dvd/video and made them almost broadcast quality. All on a home computer! He can even resync sound if it's off. It can be done. Maybe it was the theatre, but if I'm gonna shell out $40 for a BluRay disc, it better be an improvement.
It was fun to watch on the big screen in a theatre with fellow Stones fans, but I walked out disappointed. I was like watching a bootleg with great sound.
Anyone else have similar impressions?
Before the actual showing of the movie last night, a woman came on to tell us, that they unfortunately had´nt received the 5.1 version, and that those who wished to leave and get a refund could do so in the first half hour. No one did, even though it was in mono. However, it clearly showed the upgrade was´nt done for cinemas, as the picture was not much better than my versions on numerous boots. So I suspect the remastering was done for TV-screens, as the samples in the Exile doc looked excellent on my 46`. Seems Sweden is the only country that´ll show the movie for 5 days in a row.
Which movie theater was this? I hope it wasn't Bio Rio...
This was in Göteborg. Sad to say that the Vikings that attended the movie in Stockholm left after a while, since the manager refused to increase the volume. So the volume was not higher than a regular movie. And the sound was crap too, they say.
Reliable? I must've been dreaming all those times I saw dropouts, not to mention burned frames. Film is a fantastic medium, but I wouldn't call it reliable.Quote
i guess. and the digi distortion? this would NEVER happen in a reliable medium like film.
The picture was about the same quality as my bootleg version and the sound was a bit off at times, again resembling my bootleg copy.
As for the volume, oh man, when Brown Sugar came on, we were all looking at each other saying this is way to low, other people in the audience starting yelling "turn it up" and finally one of my friends ran out back or somewhere and grabbed a manger and by the time Bitch came on they had increased the volume to "very very loud!!!"
After waiting for about twenty years for a official re-release of L&G I finally got to see it in Trondheim on Thursday. I had bought seven tickets for my better half, and some friends. We went out early and had about a couple of hours before, to share some to eat and have some drinks before the show started. The film had sold out and the movie theater was packed. They played the bonus cd on Exile and one could see people in all ages from 10 to 70 –very cool. I don't know how many seats there are, but I would estimate it to be about 200, maybe more. As mentioned before, Jagger spoke about the lotus stage in '75, his makeup etc. The second the film went on, there was clapping in the room, and when they started Brown Sugar the floor was shaking because of people were tapping their feet, and that continued throughout the film. The sound was loud from the beginning, and the bass was amazing! I'm not shure if it was stereo or mono, but it couldn't have been in quad or surround -but definitely better than any of my boots. The picture was also much better than anything I've seen before but still muddy and dark. Versions of songs like Happy, All Down The Line, Dead Flowers, Street Fighting Man and Brown Sugar are all better than the studio versions IMO, but the two stand outs in this film is Love In Vain and Midnight Rambler. People were clapping after Love In Vain. Of course, the last four songs takes the movie to an orgasmic energy level and left any doubt about the fact that we all had reached rock'n roll heaven. Everyone were smiling and talking after two rounds of applause when the film ended. I also heard several mentions of Mick Taylor when we walked out. My friends loved the film and we went out and had a couple of glasses of wine before we went home. All in all it was great to see this masterpice of music in cinema together with other happy people, though the sound and picture wasn't up to what I had expected. If this is what we get on the blu ray version, it's too bad. I guess this is what happends when it lays for too long in the valuts…
I'm seriously going to buy one of those $700 blow up big screens at Target just so I can watch this in my back yard. Amazing...


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Offering a natural, antibiotic-free and economical alternative to capsules and boluses, UterFlush uses essential oils to help maintain or restore the normal uterine environment which helps insure cow reproductive performance post-calving. The fast-acting liquid flush is available in a convenient 1-ounce multi-dose tube and a 5-ounce container. The calibration ring on the syringe can be used to dispense from one to eight 3.75-ml administrations at a time. When mixed with distilled water, the solution is inserted into the cervix with a pipette tube. Once inside the uterus, UterFlush foams up and expands to all areas of the uterus, allowing for full coverage. In university trials, the active compound used in this all-natural product was more effective against all varieties of bacteria tested than several antibiotics. For added convenience, UterFlush can be used right after calving or after the cervix has contracted, typically within three to six hours post-calving. Because the product leaves no residue, no milk withholding is required.
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News Archive
November 21, 2013
Study finds evidence that state bans on consideration of race in admissions have a significant impact – and one that extended to some nearby states without bans.
November 20, 2013
An effort to simplify how institutions are authorized to operate in multiple states prepares to invite its first members.
November 20, 2013
A year after a university was accused of being tragically slow in responding to harassment concerns about a professor, it is now accused overreacting to questionable concerns about another professor.
November 20, 2013
Author of new book offers tips for grad students and job-seekers.
November 20, 2013
The University of the District of Columbia cuts 20 academic programs to fix its financial problems, drawing faculty complaints about process and outcome alike.
November 20, 2013
One college unexpectedly found that female engineering students responded particularly well to its project-based learning approach. Experts say the curriculum could help attract and retain women in the STEM fields.
November 20, 2013
Albright College is starting an undergraduate major in game and simulation development.
Arizona State University is starting a bachelor's degree in data analytics.
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Among the concerned are a small group of volunteers who wake before dusk to trek along the Navarre Beach shoreline in search of turtle nests.
"We go out so early because we can see the mother's tracks of where she's gone up, dug her body into the sand and then gone back into the ocean," said Cinnamon Holderman, who has exchanged her morning rest for turtle protecting over the past four years. "It would be nearly impossible to see during the day, once everyone has gone out to the beach."
For more on this story, see the July 8 issue of the Navarre Press or subscribe online.


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50 USC § 2911 - Proliferation Security Initiative improvements and authorities
Sense of Congress
It is the sense of Congress, consistent with the 9/11 Commission's recommendations, that the President should strive to expand and strengthen the Proliferation Security Initiative (in this subchapter referred to as "PSI") announced by the President on May 31, 2003, with a particular emphasis on the following:
Issuing a presidential directive to the relevant United States Government agencies and departments that directs such agencies and departments to—
Implementing the recommendations of the Government Accountability Office (GAO) in the September 2006 report titled "Better Controls Needed to Plan and Manage Proliferation Security Initiative Activities" (GAO–06–937C) regarding the following:
Budget submission
In general
Each fiscal year in which activities are planned to be carried out under the PSI, the President shall include in the budget request for each participating United States Government agency or department for that fiscal year, a description of the funding and the activities for which the funding is requested for each such agency or department.
Not later than the first Monday in February of each even-numbered year in which the President submits a budget request described in paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State shall submit to Congress a comprehensive joint report setting forth the following:
A 3-year plan, beginning with the fiscal year for the budget request, that specifies the amount of funding and other resources to be provided by the United States for PSI-related activities over the term of the plan, including the purposes for which such funding and resources will be used.
For the report submitted in 2008, a description of the PSI-related activities carried out during the 3 fiscal years preceding the year of the report, and for the report submitted in 2009 and each year thereafter, a description of the PSI-related activities carried out during the fiscal year preceding the year of the report. The description shall include, for each fiscal year covered by the report—
the amounts obligated and expended for such activities and the purposes for which such amounts were obligated and expended;
a description of the participation of each department or agency of the United States Government in such activities;
Implementation report
Not later than 180 days after August 3, 2007, the President shall transmit to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on the implementation of this section. The report shall include—
(Pub. L. 110–53, title XVIII, § 1821,Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 493; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title X, § 1067(b),Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1589.)
2011—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 112–81substituted "of each even-numbered year" for "of each year" in introductory provisions.
Assignment of Functions Under Section 1821(c) of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007
Memorandum for the Secretary of State
By virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section
301 of title
3, United States Code, I hereby assign to you the functions of the President under section 1821(c) of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007 (Public Law 110–53).
In the performance of your responsibility under this memorandum, you shall, as appropriate, consult the heads of other departments and agencies.
You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.
George W. Bush.
The table below lists the classification updates, since Jan. 3, 2012, for this section. Updates to a broader range of sections may be found at the update page for containing chapter, title, etc.
The most recent Classification Table update that we have noticed was Tuesday, August 13, 2013
An empty table indicates that we see no relevant changes listed in the classification tables. If you suspect that our system may be missing something, please double-check with the Office of the Law Revision Counsel.
50 USC | Description of Change | Session Year | Public Law | Statutes at Large |
§ 2911 | 2012 | 112-239 [Sec.] 1076(a)(20)(B) | 126 Stat. 1949 |
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Key West is on the silvery ribbon of islands that trail off the southern shore of Florida. Thanks to the ever present warm temperatures and glistening seas, the islands have long been an escapist's nirvana. Eclectic and eccentric, wild and warm, blessed with some of Florida's most colorful characters and equally blessed with some of its most spectacular sea scenery, the Keys are a wonderland paradise.
Key West
Key West is a rather small island that is about 4 miles long and 2 miles wide. Whether you want to relax on the beach or spend the day shopping, Key West has plenty to offer.
Duval Street is the center of Key West life, with many hotels, guest houses, inns and bed & breakfasts, plus dozens of shops and restaurants, nestled into its tropical ambiance. Wreckers Museum is an old house and museum where you can observe and learn more about the treasures salvaged from shipwrecks. If you get thirsty stop in for a cocktail and a snack at Duval Beach Club .
The Historic Seaport is the perfect place to walk down Harborwalk and enjoy the ocean along with shops and restaurants. Watch the free daily turtle feedings at Turtle Kraals Museum . Then stop for a bite to eat at Conch Republic Seafood Company or Half Shell Raw Bar .
If you get tired of the beach head to Key West Butterfly & Nature Conservatory where you can observe about 60 species of butterflies. You should also go to Key West Aquarium where you can learn more about sea life. The aquarium is the perfect place to take the kids since there are interactive exhibits where you can touch marine creatures.
Key Largo
Key Largo is a larger island and is occasionally called the "Diving Capital of the World" since the coral reefs attract so many divers. John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park is a protected park where you can view coral reefs and colorful sea life. The state park also offers an aquarium, museum, camping, snorkeling, diving, and boating.
Pennekamp Park is a treasure trove of local flora including wild orchids, gumbo limbo, wild cotton, strangler fig, tamarind trees, wild coffee, and mahogany trees. If you want to see endangered animals go to Key Largo Hammocks State Botanical Site where the mangrove trees grow a "hammock" which is basically a small island that attracts animals.
Billed as the 'Sportfishing Capital of the World', Islamorada's waters are home to the conch, alligator and Pickles Reefs, with a vast array of marine life. It's a destination for scuba divers and snorkelers. A scuttled ship, sunk on purpose is a great diving spot.
Those interested in Keys' geology can look at Windley Key Fossil Reef State Geologic Site , a reef that's no longer underwater. You can take a boat ride and get a historic exploration at Lignumvitae Key State Botanical Site , a virgin hardwood forest, and Indian Key State Historic Site , once the Miami area's county seat! Both are accessible on ferry trips.
You can feed tarpon off the docks at Robbie's Marina or swim with dolphins, manta rays and sea lions at Theater of the Seas .
Marathon and the Middle Keys
Some of the residents can trace their history to early 1800s settlements. Bahamians raised tropical fruit for a living; New England fishermen searched the sea for its bounty; and in 1908, Henry Flagler's Overseas Railway reached Key Vaca, where the village of Marathon grew as headquarters for the railroad's final push to Key West.
Here your adventure can include a swim with dolphins, an iguana introduction, a visit to a hardwood hammock or rain forest, or a loll on sandy beaches. Roaring jet skis and other water sports are available. Fishing is great on the reefs, the flats or in the deep.
For a close look at a sea turtle, visit the hospital that treats injured turtles. To learn something about early Indian settlements, visit the Museums of Crane Point, which encompass the Museum of Natural History of the Florida Keys and the Florida Keys Children's Museum .
Bahia Honda and the Lower Keys
Big Pine Key is the center of life in the Lower Keys. Looe Key Reef off Big Pine Key is one of the Keys' top diving spots and one of the best reefs for diving in the world. In July each year, the Sanctuary sponsors a popular music festival promoting the preservation of the Keys' coral reefs.
So popular is Bahia Honda State Park that campers reserve space months in advance to ensure a place in this waterfront paradise with its pristine beaches and warm waters.
Seafood is king, queen and courtier here in the Keys, and no wonder. Fat lobsters, succulent clams, hefty tuna, shrimp, bass, grouper, pompano, swordfish, and of course conch are all fresh and delicious. Conch has been a long-standing resident of the toasty waters around these islands.
Key West
Key West is known for its amazing seafood and there are great restaurant all around the city. A & B Lobster House naturally serves some of the best lobster around. If you want oyster head to Alonzo's Oyster Bar . The trendy Nicola Seafood has a wide selection of seafood and a romantic atmosphere.
Chefs from Europe added some intriguing touches to it all and, voila, such award-winning restaurants as Pisces , Alice's and Louie's Backyard .
Cuban cigar makers who settled here generations ago and whose descendants remain brought their distinctive cuisine with them: picadillo, ground beef and raisins; thick, strong cubano coffee; and sweet, fried banana-like plantains. Bahamians, who have created a colorful Bahamian village right in the middle of Key West, brought their akee fish and rice, their rum and their pigeon peas. Try the flavors at Blue Heaven and Caribe Soul .
If you an aficionado of Ernest Hemingway, a stop at Captain Tony's Saloon and Sloppy Joe's is required. Ernest Hemingway was said to frequent these bars.
Key Largo
Besides well-known restaurants scattered throughout the Keys, perhaps the most fun is stopping into some rustic little find and discovering a memorable meal you'll be discussing for many a day to come. Flamingo Seafood Bar and Grill is not well known, but services a delicious catch of the day. Gus' Grill is another laid back restaurant that serves seafood. For a party-friendly atmosphere the Alabama Jack's is the place to go.
You can taste the freshness of the seafood at Marker 88 . If you want Cuban and Spanish food Manny & Isa's can't be beat. For a romantic dinner the Atlantic's Edge provides views of the ocean and a candlelight meal.
Bahia Honda and the Lower Keys
The Dining Room is an elegant restaurant where you can dine on seafood. In the Lower Keys, you can find some well-known watering holes such as the rustic ambiance of No Name Pub .
Along the 113 miles that make up Key West, you will see small signs every mile marking the distance. Called Mile Markers, many hotels and restaurants along the way bear no other address than MM 99 or MM 88.5. Businesses may also identify themselves with the letters OS for ocean side, or BS, for bay side. Florida's Keys are also often grouped into three divisions—the Upper Keys, Middle Keys and Lower Keys, and there are plenty to see in each one.
Key Largo Largo means long in Spanish and Key Largo lives up to that name as the longest of the keys, stretching from MM 106 to MM 91. Here you'll find the Indian Key State Historic Site , which holds many local treasures. The island is also home to the Dolphin Cove Research & Education Center's Dolphin Encounter, which offers you an opportunity to swim with dolphins and watch them play. Grab a bite at Alabama Jack's . The best attraction of Key Largo is John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park , the nation's first underwater park. Also stop into the Theater of the Sea . Smathers Beach The Seven-Mile Bridge connects the Middle and Lower Keys. Nearby Smathers Beach is Key West's longest, while the Curry Hammock State Park is a small wonder that attracts many visitors. For some interesting exhibits, check out the Museum of Natural History of the Florida Keys . Stop into the Barracuda Grill for dinner.
Key West Lighthouse Museum The views from the Key West Lighthouse Museum are stunning. Take a boat to Dry Tortugas National Park and do some diving, swimming or fishing. Dine at Louie's Backyard . The nearby Nancy Forrester's Secret Garden is worth a stroll, then discover the shops, restaurants and other attractions at Historic Seaport at Key West Bight .
Wrecker's Museum Take a tour of the Wrecker's Museum , a unique home built in 1829 that has some interesting features. Have lunch at Antonia's Restaurant , then stroll through Bahia Honda State Park or check out the creations at the Paradise Gallery . Tour the historical Curry Mansion , with its elegant period furniture and antiques.
Key West Aquarium City Zoo - The Gallery preserves some of the most important remnants of Haitian culture. The Audubon House & Tropical Gardens is named for the artist John James Audubon. The home and surrounding gardens are open to visitors. The Key West Aquarium is also a must-see. Dine at the Caribe Soul restaurant, then go to the Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Museum to take in some nautical exhibits.
This is nature's wonderland. You'll find a national wildlife refuge devoted to tiny Key deer, an endangered species, and a national marine sanctuary, Looe Key, rated one of the best diving reefs in the world. You can see this Keys' version of Big Bird—great white herons, North America's largest wading bird—in a 375-square-mile refuge. Kayaks and shallow-draft boats are a favored way to tour, since the Keys are surrounded by water.
Boat Tours Dry Tortugas National Park Ferry ( +1 305 294 7009/ http://www.yankeefreedom.com/ ) Key Largo Princess ( +1 305 451 4655/ http://www.keylargoprincess.com/ ) Discovery Undersea Tours ( +1 305 293 0099/ +1 800 262 0099/ http://www.discoveryunderseatours.com/ ) Snorkel and Sailing Adventure ( +1 305 292 4768/ http://www.keywestsebago.com/ ) Tortugas Party Boat ( +1 305 293 1189/ http://www.tortugacharters.com/ )
Trolley Tours Old Town Trolley Tours ( +1 800 213 2474/ http://www.trolleytours.com/ )
Train Tours Conch Tour Train ( +1 305 294 5161/ http://www.conchtourtrain.com/ )
Air Tours Island City Flying Service Incorporated ( +1 305 296 5422 )
Diving Tours Reef Express Catamaran ( +1 305 294 7755/ http://www.sunnydayskeywest.com/reefx.htm ) Snorkel and Sailing Adventure ( +1 305 292 4768/ http://www.keywestsebago.com/ )
Ghost Tours Ghost Tours of Key West ( +1 305 294 9255/ http://www.hauntedtours.com ) Ghosts & Legends of Key West ( +1 305 294 1713 / +1 866 612 3890/ http://www.keywestghosts.com/ )
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text:
What were they thinking?
The roof was replaced years ago, the chimney was partially removed. The chimney was left unconnected to the outside!
"What Were They Thinking?"
Home Energy Sep/Oct, 2006
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