text:
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Revista Cubana de Enfermería
versão On-line ISSN 1561-2961
MORALES PEREZ, Clara et al. Sensibilidad de los sistemas de vigilancia de las infecciones nosocomiales. Rev Cubana Enfermer [online]. 2004, vol.20, n.2, pp. 1-1. ISSN 1561-2961.
The surveillance of nosocomial infections is a vital component for their prevention and control. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the sensitivity of the surveillance systems of the clinical and surgical hospitals in Havana. At first, the presence of nosocomial infection and the report by the system of surveillance and localization were registered among the variables of interest. The presence of infection was determined by an active screening of all the inpatients. In general, the sensitivity proved to be 34.48 %. The surveillance systems of the hospitals "Freire de Andrade", "Manuel Fajardo" and "Calixto García" showed the highest sensitivity (52.94 %, 43.75 % and 38.00 %, respectively). The capacity to detect respiratory nosocomial infections (63.63 %) and on the surgical site (48,00 %) was higher compared with other localizations. These results pose a problem that should be included in the priorities of hospital epidemiologists.
Palavras-chave : NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION [prevalencia]; HOSPITALS; LOCALIZATION; RISK PROCEDURE.


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Boss 101
A boy and his jetpack save the world against an army of randomly generated bosses.
4.01 / 5.00 34,237 Viewsthe us needs to go to war with someone or incite world war 3 for the sheer fact that many students would drop out become hippies and get high, lowering the tuition and overall cost of college and increasing the number of job openings so that i can weasel my way in and capitalize on the situation
how will this happen?
well i have been sending countless emails to the governments of england, france, germany and russia alerting them of my plan and so far none of them have responded back but i am optimistic that said silence is a result of prolonged awe followed by extreme deliberation and mass lay offs because no one else has thought of this ingenious plan before. i know, i know, pat me on the back alter. i expect 4 emails today from each government containing their acceptance for said plan, their allegiance to my personal army and a suggested country we should attack. little do they know i am not president obama and sure enough they will all look like fools when the war has begun and i am in my comfy dorm chillin like a villain with my countless internship programs while the world is spiraling into the reverse watchmen
praise bees 2012
the truth!! || 2nd truth
gaydemocrat: i just found a seed in my dope
gaydemocrat: this is a fucking outrage
Plant 50 bombs through Europe and then send a message to Interpol:"Like the stars in our flag". That can work.
"I felt like an avenging angel, what I looked like was a fat bald guy with a bad temper." - Max Payne
Dean is a winner
They'll reinstate the draft if WW3 were to break out, and if you're 18 when it happens you might be drafted and your plan will be ruined.
At 7/9/12 12:06 PM, Otto wrote: Someone's been reading 1984, well done
what's hilariously ironic is i started reading 1984 but i'm only about 5 pages in where he's writing a diary and it's terribly boring
the truth!! || 2nd truth
gaydemocrat: i just found a seed in my dope
gaydemocrat: this is a fucking outrage
I have put nano devices inside millions of school children in England through flu shots and the devices are satellite operated.
I have sent a message to the government of the U.S.A telling them that if they don't get rid of all their nukes all the school children will be killed and to prove it I have already tested the device on a famous European soccer team.
This will cause tension between England and the U.S.A and cause chaos and hopefully World War III.
Okay sorry I copied this off of some kids book I read years ago.
There is a major hole in your plan, see when airstrikes destroy the US the cost of education will sky rocket and the only jobs available will be in the military and construction. Thus your plan will fail.
At 7/9/12 12:58 PM, Otto wrote:At 7/9/12 12:09 PM, Bees wrote:So close to irony, but only lies in the realms of coincidence; maybe try reading more.At 7/9/12 12:06 PM, Otto wrote: Someone's been reading 1984, well donewhat's hilariously ironic is i started reading 1984 but i'm only about 5 pages in where he's writing a diary and it's terribly boring
Oh look, Otto has shifted from innocent cam whore to the next Insanctuary.
I heard it's gonna happen after the Olympic Games in London 2012.
I like the getting high part.

subset: commoncrawl


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Young Jessica Sanchez Fan CRUSHED By American Idol Results
by Hilton Hater at .We've found her! The only female on the planet who did not vote Phillip Phillips for American Idol champion!
Granted, she's like four years old.
It's both hilarious and heart-breaking to watch her reaction to this week's finale results. But it should at least be comforting to Fox executives - following a season where ratings tumbled - to know that at least some fans out there still care. A lot.
Watch poor little Laney's reaction to the outcome now and start the hate mail campaign for the mother behind the camera, who seems to take pleasure in mocking her toddler's pain:
Related Stories
6 Comments New Comment
No hatemail for the mom, she was just confused about how to work her daughter through this issue. It was cute and funny. She will live and go on to be a fine human. I live through many, many Laker losses to the Boston Celtics in the 60s, and I'm okay.
aw...poor kid..that was mean...someday i hope she gets her mom back good for this...:) karma sucks..hehe
What responsible parent would do this to an unsuspecting 4 year old? Kids that young don't understand sarcasm and then to blatantly lie to a child as to who won? When the mother asked the child if she was "pissed" about the outcome, I wanted to slap her. Children learn what they live and this kid doesn't stand a chance at being raised to live a kind, moral, responsible and ethical life.


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8 hrs ago | The Journal News
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Should America ever negotiate with terrorists?
Should public schools teach Evolution or Creationism?
21 hrs ago | The Journal News
Cops: Bedford man sexually abused girl; 2 DWIs; more
BEDFORD - A Bedford Hills man faces felony charges after police said he had sexual contact with a minor girl over a period of several months.
New York tax commission: Give homeowners relief from high property taxes
Gov. Andrew Cuomo today embraced the idea of using income limits to lessen property tax bills, a move that could help middle-class homeowners, retired workers and even out-of-work property owners with tax credits or rebates.
Former Ossining Teacher Pleads Guilty In Student Rape Case, Spared Prison
The former Ossining High School teacher who was arrested and charged with sexual offenses on what was supposed to be his wedding day, was sentenced to 10 years on sex-offender probation Tuesday, according to a LoHud report .
Giving the Gift: For Love of the Printed Word
Giving the Gift is a series that showcases and celebrates the year-round presence of Westchester County small businesses.
Ossining's Galef To Host TV Show About Health Care Exchanges
Galef's "Speak Out: Discussion of New York State Health Care Exchanges" airs as on Wednesday, Dec. 11 and on Dec. 18 and 25 and Jan. 1. Galef will discuss how the Affordable Care Act is rolling out in Westchester and other counties, with John Ravitz, the Executive Vice President and COO of the Business Council of Westchester and James "Jamie" ... (more)
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Police in Yorktown and Carmel made two recent burglary arrests in unrelated incidents.
Ossining Police Charge Two Teens With Assault
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Ex-Ossining teacher scheduled to be sentenced in student rape
A former Ossining High School math teacher is expected to be spared prison time at his sentencing Thursday, nearly five months after, on the day of his wedding, he was arrested and accused of raping a 16-year-old girl twice between March and July.
Prayer Rally Held In Ossining For Persecuted Christians
Six Ossining area congregations came together for a special prayer service for persecuted Christians at the First Baptist Church on Sunday, Dec. 8. Twenty-eight leaders signed copies of a 300-word letter to six officials: two members of the U.S. House of Representatives representing the Ossining area, both U.S. senators from New York, Secretary of ... (more)
The season's first winter storm led to a 20-car pile-up on the Bronx River Parkway and school closings and delays throughout the lower Hudson Valley.
Teachers take interest in Pinterest
With no pond outside the R.J. Bailey School in Greenburgh, holding a rubber ducky race needed some creative thinking.
Final funeral for NYC train...
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Chappaqua Chamber Celebrates Season With Holiday Stroll
Members of the Chappaqua-Millwood Chamber of Commerce, which organized the Holiday Stroll in an effort to increase local shopping.
A homemade masterpiece: Everything in a Wright-inspired home was built by its owners
Fifty-seven years ago, husband-and-wife team John and Margaret Bickel embarked on an unknown and very ambitious home-building adventure as complete novices.
Shhh! Cemetery celebrates its silent-film-star residents with spirited screening
Fearless Flo: Florence "Fearless Flo" Labadie made 185 silent films before her untimely death at the age of 29. The Green-Wood Cemetery, where she is buried, will be showing her films and those of other silent-film stars buried in Brooklyn's biggest burial ground.
Tax Watch: Old assessments really are unfair
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Ossinning Special Ed Group Offers Live Webinar For Parents
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Luxurious Villa - Steps from the Beach - Tamarindo/Langosta
- Minimum stay:4 nights
- Internet:Yes
- Pets considered:No
- Wheel chair accessible:No
Tamarindo condo description
You will be surrounded in luxury and comfort at the luxury La Esquina, Villas Circa Del Mar , only 100 meters from the beach and one block from Hotel Cala Luna. Completed in January 2006, this gated, 5 star resort, welcomes you as you enter a naturally lush landscaped complex with all the amenities you would expect.
Casa Delfin has 1500 spacious square feet located at ground level, with a covered dining patio only 10 paces from the 90 foot garden swimming pool. Your condo is professionally furnished, offering two large bedrooms, a cozy den for relaxing, laundry room with washer and dryer, and two full-sized tiled bathrooms with exotic garden showers.
The open dining room area will comfortably seat six adults. Try the fourth floor open air patio, where you and your guests can take in the stunning views of the Playa Langosta coastline and spectacular sunsets. Just off the fully equipped kitchen, the additional outdoor patio with a gas burning BBQ expands your entertaining area.
Extensive use of beautiful teak wood adorn all the cabinetry complemented by locally quarried natural stone flooring and beautiful Italian granite counter tops throughout. The beauty and warmth of Casa Delfin is only matched by the unobstructed views of the Playa Langosta coastline.
Keywords: Luxury Condominium
Property Type
- Condo
Accommodation Type
- Vacation Rental
- Guests Provide Their Own Meals
- Non Smoking Only
- Children Welcome
- Pets Not Allowed
Bedrooms: 2 Bedrooms, Sleeps 5, Beds for 4-5
Kitchen & Dining
- Microwave
- Ice Maker
- Dishwasher
- Clothes Dryer
- Washing Machine
- Linens Provided
Other Amenities
- CD Player
- Satellite / Cable
- DVD Player
- Music Library
- Video Library
- Broadband Access
Pool & Spa
Outdoor Features
- Outdoor Grill
Location & View
- Kayaking
- Racquetball
- Swimming
- Scuba Diving Or Snorkeling
- Tennis
- Whitewater Rafting
- Snorkeling/Diving
- Snorkeling
- Water Tubing
- Surf Fishing
- Rafting
- Fishing
- Hiking
- Deepsea Fishing
- Jet Skiing
- Golf
- Surfing
- Wind-Surfing
- Cycling
- Sailing
- Beachcombing
- Horseback Riding
- Bird Watching
- Shelling
- Gambling Casinos
- Restaurants
- Zoo
- Health/Beauty Spa
- Walking
- Eco Tourism
- Medical Services
- Massage Therapist
- Fitness Center
- ATM/Bank
- Groceries
- Wildlife Viewing
- Shopping
- Scenic Drives
- Sight Seeing
- Boating
Other Activities
Write a review-
Excellent location, tranquil pool, everything you need for an incredible stay!
Excellent location, tranquil pool, everything you need for an incredible stay!
- Guest Jason L.
- Date of stay 10/30/13
- Review Submitted 11/02/13
We found Rich's hospitality and well-appointed unit to be a very warm welcome to Playa Tamarindo! This unit is approx. a 10 minute walk from downtown Tamarindo (or a five minute drive) nestled nicely in Playa Langosta. The pool in the complex is very well cared for (we saw pool cleaners at least every other day) and the perfect place to lounge after a day at the beach or in lieu of the beach. The kitchen is well appointed and has everything you need to cook a gourmet meal when you're not taking advantage of some of the great restaurant's in Tamarindo. The beach nearby is a short three minute stroll down a very well marked path and with a short walk north or south you're in for a perfect location to spend the day lounging in the sun (the immediate exit from the path reveals a beach that's a bit rocky and not good for swimming). I'd recommend checking out the Saturday morning farmers market near the Super2001 grocery store in front of Cafe Tico for local artisan products, fresh catch of the day, and delicious fresh baked breads. If you're looking to dine out check out the Langosta Beach Club (we spent the day there and enjoyed both lunch - get the burger - and dinner - with Friday night Jazz by the pool - and couldn't have been more pleased). Few recommendations - if you come in the 'rainy' season, make sure you rent a 4x4 vehicle as the road to / from the unit can be a bit... bumpy. :) Other than that, travel light (the laundry in unit is a huge plus) and be ready to explore the beauty of the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica - Pura Vida!Recommended for: Families with teenagers, romantic getaway, families with young children, girls getaway, age 55+.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 0/0
Beautiful condo! Great hospitality!
Beautiful condo! Great hospitality!
- Guest Julie (Woodbury, MN)
- Date of stay 07/06/13
- Review Submitted 07/18/13
My family of four, which includes an 8 year old son and an 18 year old daughter, came to Tamarindo to celebrate our daughter's high school graduation. We couldn't have asked for a greater location and accommodations. The condo is exactly as pictured and worked really well for the four of us. It is definitely kid friendly but could easily be used as a romantic getaway as well. The garden bathrooms were a treat and we loved the visits from out two iguana friends each morning on the patio for breakfast. (Fred and Iggy seemed to really like strawberries!). The pool was delightful and meticulously maintained, the guards at the security gate were extremely courteous and Rich proved to be a great host by providing us with great recommendations for dining and activities. The beach is a 5 minute or less walk across the street and down a path. We rented a car from the airport and were we glad we did for those short trips into town for shopping, dining and groceries. Overall, we give this condo a "double thumbs up"! We were very sad to leave and will definitely try to go back sometime! Thanks again Rich, for your super hospitality!!!Recommended for: Families with teenagers, adventure seekers, romantic getaway, families with young children, girls getaway, sightseeing, age 55+.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 1/1
Perfect location in Langosta a clean perfect home!
Perfect location in Langosta a clean perfect home!
- Guest steve f (United States)
- Date of stay 03/25/13
- Review Submitted 04/05/13
Well equipped house with top end appliances including the grill! Home is in great shape and comfortable slept the five of us. Owner was extremely helpful before we arrived. Very quiet location 4 minute car ride just outside Tamarindo. The estuary at Langosta Beach was an amazing spot which was a 10 minute beautiful walk along the beach. Trail to beach gets you on the beach 4 minute walk form house. Pool was clean and we had is to ourselves for the most part. My family and I have done many VBRO rentals for tropical vacations and this one was the best. Richard the owner makes a huge effort to see his guests are happy.Recommended for: Families with teenagers, adventure seekers, romantic getaway, families with young children, girls getaway, age 55+.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 2/2
Beautiful Villa!
Beautiful Villa!
- Guest Caley (Toronto, Ontario)
- Date of stay 12/29/12
- Review Submitted 01/09/13
We just got back from a week stay in this villa and it was exactly as we had all hoped it would be - Fantastic! The pictures don't do it justice, the villa is beautiful inside and out. The outdoor showers were so refreshing and very unique! It was really nice being able to cook our meals on the outdoor BBQ and if we didn't feel like cooking, the many restaurants within walking distance were excellent. I would definitely recommend having a meal in one of the cabanas at the Playa Langosta Beach Club, great atmosphere and delicious food. The pool at this villa was always very clean and the staff on the property super friendly. We made friends with the two iguanas that were often around the pool and we were also lucky enough to have a monkey swinging from the trees above our heads during one of our afternoon swims! I recommend this villa to anyone looking for a relaxing vacation in a beautiful home steps away from the beach and the vibrant town of Tamarindo! Thanks again Rich for your hospitality, it was a pleasure dealing with you!Recommended for: Adventure seekers, families with young children, girls getaway, tourists without a car.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 2/2
Listing description was very accurate, the Villa is very comfortable.
Listing description was very accurate, the Villa is very comfortable.
- Guest Fernande (San Diego, California)
- Date of stay 05/02/12
- Review Submitted 05/16/12
Had a fabulous time in Tamarindo!! The Villa is very comfortable, had all of the amenities plus!! We enjoyed every moment of the time we stayed there, even had the monkey's visit us while we were in the pool. Lots of different and coloful birds. In other words we would definitly stay there again and hope to some time in the near future. Great restaurants in the area and the beaches and surfing was amazing!!Recommended for: Families with teenagers, adventure seekers, romantic getaway, families with young children, girls getaway, tourists without a car, sightseeing, age 55+.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 0/0
Kathy & Bill Auburn, CA
Kathy & Bill Auburn, CA
- Guest Luv2Go (Auburn)
- Date of stay 02/18/12
- Review Submitted 03/22/12
We were sad to leave Casa Delfin, after our one month stay in this villa on the Langosta coast. The accommodations were perfect for the two of us and for friends who visited us part of the time. The villa is roomy & nicely furnished with everything you need, the pool area is a private paradise, the outdoor bathrooms are a special treat, and it's just a short walk to the beach. The location of the complex is just far enough away from the town of Tamarino but close enough to enjoy great restaurants and easy shopping. We alternated between trying some of the restaurants in the area and picking up fresh fish to bring home and put on the grill. Two iguanas became our friends and greeted us on the patio every morning for breakfast. I never tired of watching the beautiful birds in the trees around the pool. We enjoyed many amazing sunsets on the roof with the howler monkeys munching on leaves in the treetops. Not one day of rain here during our month stay! We loved all the different beaches along the coast...probably ventured to at least 15, each one totally unique. Trips to different areas like Arenal/La Fortuna, Palo Verde, and Rincon de La Vieja showed us the diversity of the flora and fauna of Costa Rica. Rent a car so you can really get around and see all the that this country has to offer. You'll encounter some bumpy roads, big potholes, unexpected adventures, and you'll have a blast! Thanks, Rich, for sharing your amazing villa and for all the help with our needs and questions. We can't wait to return to your PARADISE!Recommended for: Families with teenagers, adventure seekers, romantic getaway, families with young children, sightseeing, age 55+.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 2/2
Truely Paradise
Truely Paradise
- Guest Scuba diver (Streator, IL USA)
- Date of stay 02/11/12
- Review Submitted 02/22/12
Anyone looking to just veg out and enjoy a wonderful home away from home this is it not only was the weather fantastic but the condo exceeded our expectations. We would definetly rent this condo again the garden pool was like the garden of eden as my grandson describe it when we showed him the pictures. The staff were all very polite and gracious to us and they seemed to really do their jobs when ever they were present. The outdoor showers were a refreshing change and it fun stepping from the shower to the sink without getting told to dry off first. It was a great vacation and the Villa Casa Del Fin is real treasure and Rich the owner was very helpful and answering any questions and concerns. Thank you once again Rich for sharing your slice of paradise with us.Recommended for: Families with teenagers, romantic getaway, families with young children, girls getaway, tourists without a car, sightseeing, age 55+.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 1/1
Pura Vida again!
Pura Vida again!
- Guest dave (California)
- Date of stay 01/22/11
- Review Submitted 02/07/12
It was our fifth time to CR. This was the first time we're staying at a villa since previous stays always at large hotels. We're in for a surprise. Rich's place was awesome. It's spacious, clean, modern appliances, charming and nicely decorated. It's very quiet and relaxing comparing to hotels we stayed at before. We felt very safe with 24 hours guarded gate. The villa has everything just like it's advertised, washer & dryer, BBQ, full kitchen, beach towels & chairs and more. The outdoor bathrooms were one of a kind thus very private. The swimming pool is right outside the back door and it is nice and clean. We had a rental SUV but didn't go very far since everything is close to the villa. The beach is about 5 minute walk, 15 minutes to downtown Tamarindo where all the shopping and restaurants are. I mostly used the car to buy grocery since it's far on the other side of Tamarindo. On a second day while we're out at the pool, a family of 8 howling monkeys including 2 babies came to give us a visit, hanging out on the banyan tree including two giant resident iguanas. It was a real treat since we didn't have to book any tour to see wild life. Rich the owner had told me about fishing at the beach so I came prepared with fishing tackles. Every morning there is great fishing from 7 to 10 am near the estuary (river meets ocean). I couldn't believe my eyes of all the boiling every morning of school fish attacking the bait fish. The school sometime comes in as close as 25 yards. I also was stunned to see a few jacks almost 2 feet long cruising in the wave...I met Jose one of the local resident and he was nice enough to show me how to surf and rock fishing. He also showed us the remaining leather back turtle tracks on the beach that came to lay eggs the night before. Amazing...the tracks must be almost 5-6 feet wide that looks like a car drove up to the sand. Jose estimated the turtle's weight was about 600 lbs. My 13 years old son is hooked on surfing. He took surfing lesson with Danny at Tamarindo main beach. The wave here is perfect for beginner and reminded me of Waikiki. There are so much more to write about our trip but the biggest disappointment was that we didn't stay long enough. I had only five days away from work. We had some problem with the wireless internet wasn't working. The problem was repaired and it was functioning again after we left. Who needs internet in CR any way? Suppose to enjoy the great outdoor...Recommended for: Romantic getaway, families with young children, sightseeing.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 2/2
Elegant and private
Elegant and private
- Guest robert m. (-)
- Date of stay 12/05/11
- Review Submitted 12/15/11
The pictures on the website doesnt give this property justice its 10 times better,when we arrived there was a guard that helped us with our luggage to our unit. The construction granite,wood work and custom doors was very elegant it was equipped with everything from bbq to all the beach equipment you would need.The 2 bedrooms are designed for total privacy including tropical out door showers.The living room opens to a very nice pool and jacuzzi we had it all to ourselves.The development consists of 8 units so its very quiet and private.The unit came with lititure on excursions and the best restruants in town it made our vacation very easy to plan we had a great time and cant wait to come back thanks Rich for a special vacation.Recommended for: Families with teenagers, adventure seekers, romantic getaway, families with young children, girls getaway, tourists without a car, people with disabilities, sightseeing, age 55+.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 1/1
The very best of all worlds!
The very best of all worlds!
- Guest Sharon (Canal Winchester, OH)
- Date of stay 12/18/10
- Review Submitted 12/12/11
For those familiar with the Tamarindo area, you know that it has become quite the bustling spot in the last several years. Still quirky and attractive to those of us that love Costa Rica and the Guanacaste, in particular, but perhaps a little too congested, so to speak. If you're looking for some of the quiet the old Tamarindo afforded, but want the access to the area and the growing number of amenities, Playa Langosta is the place to stay and this is the place on Playa Langosta to call home! Beautifully appointed, a friendly and accommodating staff and an owner that is bent on making certain you have the perfect holiday. We called Casa Delfin home for two weeks and only regret it wasn't longer. While the pictures provided via VRBO are tantalizing, the real deal is only better! Handsomely decorated with high-end finishes throughout. We're only counting the days until we return to Playa Langosta.Recommended for: Adventure seekers, romantic getaway, tourists without a car, age 55+.
Did you find this review helpful? Yes | No Helpful votes: 0/0
Dates | Nightly | Wknd Night | Weekend | Weekly | Monthly * | Event |
High Season Dec 1 - Apr 30, 2014 4 night min stay |
$220 | $1550 | $4650 | |||
Summer May 1 - Aug 31, 2014 4 night min stay |
$193 | $1350 | $3900 | |||
Low Season 2014 Sep 1 - Nov 15, 2014 4 night min stay |
$165 | $1150 | $3450 | |||
My Standard Rate 4 night min stay |
$160 | |||||
Additional information about rental rates
Rates are subject to change until reservations are confirmed.
Christmas and New Years week - $2700/week
Week before Easter Day - $1900
Credit Card Fee - 3% additional
- Taxes Included
Always make sure to call the number on the listing to confirm payment details.
Only pay using credit card, PayPal, check or direct bank transfer. NEVER pay by cash or instant money transfer services such as Western Union or MoneyGram. Learn more
Don't forget your vacation protection! Get protected now
Adding our Vacation Protection services can make sure your getaway goes smoothly, no matter what. We offer Cancellation Protection, Carefree Rental Guarantee, and Damage Protection so you can truly relax.
- Restaurant
- 12 miles to rental
- View on map
Nogui's Restaurant
- Restaurant
- 1.2 miles to rental
- View on map
- Restaurant
- 0.5 miles to rental
- View on map
- Nearest Airport: Liberia Internation Airport at 35 Miles
- Nearest Beach: Playa Langosta/Tamarindo at 100 Metres
- Nearest Barpub: Langosta Beach Club at 500 Metres
- Nearest Golf: Hacienda Pinilla at 12 Miles
- Nearest Restaurant: Cala Luna Hotel at 200 Metres
Owner info
Year Purchased: 2006
About the owner: I live in Sonoma, California when not having fun in Costa Rica. I enjoy fishing, diving and playing golf along the Pacific Coast near by. I try to visit my second home in Costa Rica at least 2 months a year so I can enjoy the adventure always waiting for me when I arrive. Warm breezes, sunny skies and balmy nights are waiting for you. Enjoy! Rich
The Unique Benefits at this Condo:
Incredible garden pool and nearby beach across the street. Enjoy sipping drinks while viewing the sunset and ocean on our upper deck patio.
Contact us
- Primary: (707) 996-3339 (California, USA)
- Secondary: (415) 377-7078 (California, USA)
- Click Here to see All My Rental Listings
Living Area looks out to private patio and pool
Dining Area
Pool view from living room
Bedroom 2
Master Bedroom
Relax by our garden pool
Barbeque by the kitchen
Entrance to Casa Delfin with private off street parking.
Walks on the beautiful beach of Playa Langosta are wonderful
One of the local neighbors
Living Area
Dining Area
Fully Equipped Kitchen with barbeque on patio
Exotic Garden Bathroom with Shower
90 foot garden pool only steps from living room patio
Only 20 feet away from our Living room patio
Sunset from Observation deck on top floor
Entrance to La Esquina
View from Observation deck
Take a stroll on Playa Langosta
Beautiful Arenal
There have been visitors to this page since
the counter was last reset in .
This listing was first published here in 2006.
Date last modified - Wednesday, October 23, 2013


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t is a truth universally acknowledged that when teenage girls and anything remotely sexual are mentioned in the same sentence, there is bound to be controversy. People were already in a froth about the aggressive sexualization of teenage coeds in Harmony Korine's Spring Breakers, and now Victoria's Secret has inadvertently stirred the pot, with Chief Financial Officer Stuart Burgdoerfer admitting that the company markets to teenagers. "When somebody's 15 or 16 years old," he said, "they want to be older, and they want to be cool like the girl in college, and that's part of the magic of what we do at Pink," the company's brand for younger women.
The company has since officially stated that Pink is a "brand for college-aged women," but the Victoria's Secret line has been openly targeting a younger crowd of female consumers for more than a decade. So the outrage that has greeted Burgoerfer's comments is somewhat surprising. In addition to an online petition asking Victoria's Secret to "stop sexualizing teens," people have taken to Victoria's Secret's Facebook page to suggest the company is part of the "irresponsible culture" that led to the Steubenville rape case.
Many parents are enraged because they feel Victoria's Secret is exploiting their daughters at their most vulnerable age, writes Dr. Christine Carter of UC Berkeley at The Huffington Post. "Bright Young Things," the company's campaign targeting teenagers, teaches them that "slutty is status" and that "boys should objectify girls," says Carter. There's also the host of body image issues that comes from watching "supermodels in high heels, little girl costumes, and bubble gum underwear on stage with Justin Bieber," a reference to the Victoria's Secret fashion show in 2012. Carter wants parents' "righteous anger to go viral," and for them to fight back with boycotts. "As parents, we can protect [children] by not letting them watch commercials and by not letting them shop in (or, frankly, even near) stores like Victoria's Secret."
Hold on, writes Amanda Marcotte at Slate. It's ridiculous to suggest that, "absent the seductive power of a Victoria's Secret ad over the adolescent mind, high school girls would have reacted with delight when Mom insisted on buying four-packs of Hello Kitty underwear," says Marcotte. Let's stop blaming Victoria's Secret for the fact that teenage girls want to feel sexy. Moreover, the arguments about protecting our daughters' supposed innocence echo the antiquated sentiment that sex "would be the ruin of a generation of girls." Parents and critics need a reality check, says Marcotte, noting the average American has sex by 17 and seven out of ten are sexually active by 19. Teenagers "need this time to experiment" and "there's no harm giving teenagers a little freedom to do the growing up they need to do."
Tracy Clark-Flory at Salon agrees that we can't pile hate on Victoria's Secret for marketing to younger teenagers, but the company's defenders may be missing a larger point. The company and its branding are symptoms, not a cause of, "the way our culture fetishizes youth." Teenage female consumers pick up on that, with or without the help of Victoria's Secret. "As long as women are celebrated as things, teen girls will celebrate being things," writes Clark-Flory. "That is a problem bigger than Victoria's Secret is tacky."
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Selected Community Events
Primetimers Snowflake Dance
Jan 11, 2014 7pm - 10:30pm
St. Germain Community Center, 545 Hwy. 155, St. Germain, WI 54558
Held from 7:00 PM to 10:30 PM at the St. Germain Community Center. Live entertainment, food and beverages served. Public is welcome.
St. Germain Primetimers, 715-479-6310, email@example.com
"The Heart of Christmas" St. Mary's Concert
Dec 15, 2013 1pm
St. Mary's Church, 320 E. Washington Ave., Tomahawk
Singers of all ages, dancers, instrumental ensemble perform a variety of seasonal favorites, followed by a complimentary reception. No admission charge--free will offering will be received.
Jan Huseby, 453-2878
Christmas With Living River
Dec 13, 2013 7pm
Highland Community Church 1005 N. 28th Avenue Wausau, WI
This promises to become a favorite Christmas tradition. Living River is a blend of contemporary, gospel and
a cappella styles. The concert is free and open to the public. Doors open at 6:30 p.m. Please join us!
Debra Schonscheck
Highland Community Church 715-842-5683


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Steve L. - Georgetown, KY: You can be assured that we will be doing business in the future. BTW, your very good prices and service have earned you a very good reputation on all the Mercedes boards.


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Donateto QRZ Contributions Accepted
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"My lovely city" Kiev by caprice_222
Kiev Travel Guide: 1,674 reviews and 4,265 photos
"Ukraine?What part of Russia is that in?" Few years ago this may have been a typical response from people at home after telling them of your upcoming journey. Ukrainians have been well aware of the fact that their country is often overlooked by outsiders, having neither the long traditions of statehood nor the ethnic ties to New World countries that many of its neighboring countries enjoy. All of that is slowly changing now. Kiev becaming a quite known city in the world.
Kiev is the capital of Ukraine and one of the biggest cities in Europe. It has been standing on step hills overlooking the Dnipro River for more than 1 500 years.
The main square in Kiev - independence square in Kreschatyk area. It was renovated into one of the most scenic and beautiful places that combines the features of a busy business center with the historical architectural design of buildings. This square is one of the most popular places for young (and all others) people to meet. On weekends, the traffic is blocked there and visitors can enjoy a nice walk right in the middle of the street.
This is a beautiful and picturesque city. Tourists says that Kiev like a "city in the huge park". Because flowering chestnut trees cover the streets and riverbanks for half of the year and no other city could seem so green and full. Despite a population of almost 4 million, Kiev looks very natural, domestic and serene city.
There r always lots of people walking on the central street every evening and all guests of the city think that everyday we celebrate something caz of crowd and atmosphere of this area.
Your trip here will definitely be made more memorable by the fact that you are visiting in such an interesting time in Ukraine's history: a time when it is in transition and rapidly shaping its future. The next time you are here you may find it a very different place, so enjoy the Ukraine of today while you can!!!!!
Reviews (55)
Very unordinary city tour for adrenaline fans. Look at Kiev from the bird's-eye view. Powered paragliding is a great fun... more travel advice
Limoncello restaurant is a part of Happy days group and located just above Shooters club. The great thing about that... more travel advice
Oldest street of Kiev where u can buy everything related to our history, culture, simbols and many other interesting... more travel advice
Opening is in the May 2007. Its luxury hotel with state-of-the-art business facilities located in the center of Kiev.... more travel advice
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Comments (59)
Definitely a must visit to this Kreschatik street.
I live in Poole,England. I was in Kiev last year and will be again April 12th 2008! Enjoyed Rodina Mat..Yalta and Odessa & Dn-sk too!You were in Poole too! Tried to email you but failed..can you try to email me pls?
lot's of very useful info on your page. i'm planning to visit kiev as part of a cycling trip and your page is a great help. thank you :O)
Your page popped up from VT newsletter. Nice photos of Kiev. I have not visited K but I want to visit sometime. Thanks for sharing nice photos.
nice page , beautiful pictures, useful tips and informations. greeting from Riyadh,SA
Nice page on Kiev.The pictures here are excellent , especially the evening scene of the square.
Do you know Irpen? I spent a couple weeks there about three years ago and dearly loved it. I want to get back (especially to see more of Kiev) but have not made it so far.
Fun to see you and the other beautiful people of Kiev at play. You've opened up my eyes beyond Moscow and St Pete's as destinations... thanks.
Excellent Tips and pics. Hope one day go to Kiev. Greetings from Mexico.
An interesting peice of architecture. It reminded me of Wembley Stadium White Arch which can been seen from miles around. Somhow I think this will respond better to light and creates the rainbow effect at the right time.
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The very simple control protocol is a protocol for M2M (machine to machine), home automation, and similar things. This package includes programming tools, daemons, and userspace tools for using this protocol.
A daemon for dynamic routing of IP and IPv6
Lets you view several files at once in a window, with colors.


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yield - All posts tagged yield
Aug 15, 2013
3:34 PMInvestors have been ferociously diving back into high-yield bonds over the past month and a half, bidding up prices to a point where they are overvalued, says Marty Fridson, a high-yield bond guru who runs the research shop FridsonVision LLC. That's even after a recent selloff in May and June that pushed prices on a benchmark junk bond index down dramatically, sending yields up to nearly 7%.
As prices have risen since then, yields have fallen to about 6%. Now they're at a point where yields, as measured in the premium or spread they pay over Treasurys, are moderately below where they should be if valued fairly, says Fridson.
Fridson's fair value for the market would put the Bank of America Merrill Lynch U.S. High Yield Master II index at an option-adjusted spread of 5.36 percentage points above Treasurys, according to analysis provided to MarketWatch. As of Wednesday's close, the actual spread was 4.69 percentage points, meaning the market should be giving investors 67 basis points (0.67 percentage point) more in yield, says Fridson.
Aug 7, 2013
12:12 PMThe broken record known as the U.S. debt ceiling debate will once again repeat itself this fall as the U.S. fiscal year comes to a close on September 30 and the government bumps up against its borrowing limit.
Two years ago — on August 2, 2011 — President Barack Obama signed a bill to raise the borrowing limit to $16.4 trillion. Then in May of this year, the ceiling was hiked to $16.7 trillion. But the U.S. is once again projected to run up against its borrowing limit in late fall, prompting the return of rancorous fights over how much the government should be borrowing . An omnibus bill that solidifies a budget for fiscal year 2014 and raises the debt ceiling is expected in October. (Read more: Why the debt ceiling fight is low key — for now).
In the meantime, that impending fight may benefit risk-averse assets while benefiting riskless securities, one strategist postulates. In particular, the U.S. Treasurys that serve as the government's borrowing tool stand to gain.
Jul 23, 2013
4:56 PMTrying to predict the intermediate-term trajectory of the benchmark note can be a difficult task, and experts certainly aren't all in agreement, but LaVorgna joins a growing cohort of economists and strategists who see rising rates on the horizon. Here's his call:
"We expect the yield on the 10-year Treasury note to pierce 3% in Q1 2014 and then to trade up around 3.5% in the second half of the year as the market begins to discount Fed tightening. Yields are then expected to move up to 4% around the middle of 2015. Still, this would be historically quite low."
Jul 12, 2013
7:50 AMAfter the recent selloff in the junk bond market, big fixed-income funds like those run by BlackRock and Nuveen Asset Management are beginning to find value in high yield.
The differential, or spread, between Treasurys and high yield bonds never hit particularly low, even when junk bonds yielded less than 5%, which means issuers were always paying a substantial risk premium to buyers of its debt. But junk bonds sold off more than Treasurys during the past few months, sending prices down and yields up.
That leaves a larger premium offered to holders of junk bonds without more rise, which is increasingly prompting bond funds to jump into the fray.
Jul 8, 2013
3:30 PMThe spike in yields Friday brought the 10-year Treasury yield nearly as high as several bond firms' year-end target.
After the Labor Department reported the creation of 195,000 jobs in June, the 10-year Treasury note /quotes/zigman/4868283/delayed 10_YEAR yield rose over 22 basis points, its largest one-day gain since 2010. By the end of the day, the 10-year note was trading at a yield of 2.725%, nearly as high as the 2.75% end-of-year target that had been most popular in a MarketWatch survey of over a dozen bond firms published just two days earlier.
We caught up with 11 of the survey participants, and only two had since changed their end-of-year targets. Most, it seems, believe Friday's yield spike confirms, rather than disputes, the trajectory of their forecasts.
But a number of firms not included in the initial survey have moved their Treasury yield outlooks higher in the wake of the payrolls report. Notably, Goldman Sachs said Sunday that it expects the 10-year yield to enter 2014 in a range between 2.75% and 3%, a hike of 25 basis points from its previous forecast. Bank of America also raised its forecast, projecting the 10-year note to end the year at 3%, rather than its prior target of 2.4%. And GMP Securities raised its end-of-year forecast to a range of 2.50% to 2.75%.
Jul 8, 2013
9:00 AMThat slithering, snaking security known as the 10-year Treasury note /quotes/zigman/4868283/delayed 10_YEAR had its yield outlook raised by Goldman Sachs on Sunday.
The investment bank raised its outlook on the benchmark note, projecting yields hitting 4% by 2016, largely based on an improving U.S. economy, an anticipated winding down of the Federal Reserve's bond-purchase program, and fewer systemic risks in the euro zone, according to Goldman's Francesco Garzarelli.
Jun 24, 2013
1:01 PMThe recent flare-up in the bond markets was ignited by Federal Reserve signals that it may scale back its easy monetary policy. But something else has poured a bit of gas on the fire: financial regulation.
In one of the first major tests of banks' market-market prowess post-financial regulation, traders, portfolio managers, and strategists say broker-dealers who no longer want to take bonds on their books are sapping liquidity out of the bond market as investors rush to the exits. That has helped pushed the yield on the 10-year Treasury note /quotes/zigman/4868283/delayed 10_YEAR up to 2.59%, on track for its highest close since August 2011.
Jun 4, 2013
12:41 PMWith 10-year U.S. Treasury bond yields /quotes/zigman/4868283/delayed 10_YEAR above 2%, higher-yielding dividend stocks on the Dow Jones Industrial Average are getting hit with Procter & Gamble, Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson among the stocks logging losses over the past week.
TICKER COMPANY 1-WEEK LOSS DIVIDEND YIELD /quotes/zigman/238894 /quotes/nls/pg PG Procter & Gamble 4.5% 3.1% /quotes/zigman/238207 /quotes/nls/pfe PFE Pfizer 4.3% 3.5% /quotes/zigman/230812 /quotes/nls/jnj JNJ Johnson & Johnson 3.8% 3.1% /quotes/zigman/262341 /quotes/nls/vz VZ Verizon 3.5% 4.2% /quotes/zigman/233369 /quotes/nls/mcd MCD McDonald's 2.8% 3.1% -
May 31, 2013
1:32 PMFinancial stocks were the highest performing sector in the S&P 500 in May, as the month comes to a close. The Financial Select Sector SPDR Fund /quotes/zigman/246222 /quotes/nls/xlf XLF , which tracks financial stocks in the S&P 500, was up 7.5% for the month, compared to half that in the broader market in the same period. In contrast U.S. Treasury bond yield curve has have steepened, which analysts say is a good sign of bank profits.
"The steepening is definitely good for banks, as banks these days make their money on the net income margin," said Larry McDonald, author of Colossal Failure of Common Sense. "The steeper the curve, the bigger the spread between where they borrow and where they lend."
May 29, 2013
4:15 PMOne notable side effect of the selloff in U.S. Treasurys this month has been a widening in the spread between the benchmark U.S. debt and its European safehaven counterpart, the German bund.
The 10-year Treasury note /quotes/zigman/4868283/delayed 10_YEAR yield has climbed 45 basis points since the beginning of May, including a 16 basis point rise on Tuesday, to 2.12% on Wednesday. The 10-year German bund /quotes/zigman/15866409 BX:TMBMKDE-10Y , on the other hand, has climbed about 34 basis points during the same time-frame to 1.498%, according to Tradeweb. That has caused the difference between them to increase to 62 basis points Wednesday. And that's down slightly from Tuesday's close of 67 basis points, the highest since 2010.
The Treasury-bund spread is widely watched by government debt market participants because it helps indicate the relative value of buying one safehaven bond over the other. But it's also an indication of the various outlooks for economic growth. An improving outlook for economic growth in the U.S. has led investors to anticipate a tapering of the Federal Reserve's bond purchase program, thereby driving yields higher while the euro zone has remained mired in recession.
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We stayed here for a long weekend (thursday to sunday). We got a room overlooking the trainstation, but we didn't notice much noise of the trains.
The receptionist brought us to our room, but failed to mention what time we could have breakfast, which was included. Breakfast was good though.
The key of the room also fitted a seperate door, which was officially the nightdoor, but could be used the entire day. This way we could avoid walking through reception and the restaurant, but go straight for the stairs to our room..
The rooms could have been a little bit better cleaned. And it took the staff two days to notice all the leaves in the hallway, but that was cleaned the third day.
Overall not a 4**** hotel.
Unique Quality: The location is absolutely great when you are travelling by train, just cross the street from the trainstation.
Our verdict:
Good location, but not a place we would book again. Too expensive for the service.
There are better solutions in Valkenburg.
Directions: Just directly across the trainstation.
I booked this hotel way back in October 2005 for our stay in April 2006 with the request for a room in a QUIET location, NOT facing the street. What did we get? Right, a room facing the street! Of course we refused.
Having read in reviews that bathrooms of the standard rooms are very small, I booked a luxury room. The bathroom was quite large and had a bathtub. The room itself wasn't very special and not upto standards for a luxury room in a 4* hotel. Furniture needs to be replaced as well as the bed- and bath linen.
The hotel has a private underground parking (to be paid) and a small free parking lot on the street.
Unique Quality: Breakfast was rather plain. All kinds of cereals but other than that very little choice of bread/rolls for those who don't eat cereals (me!).
There's a nice bar in the lobby with very friendly staff.
Directions: right across the station
Latest Valkenburg hotel reviews
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Yuffietine~Down the Rabbit Hole Chapter 1 MateriaI never told anyone, about mine and Vincent's last encounter before he left to face off with Omega. He had pushed me out of the way of an enormous blast of energy coming from Weiss' altar. I was so terrified. I thought he was done for. It's Vincent though, I should have known better. He's like Twinkies and cockroaches. He can survive anything.Yuffietine~Down the Rabbit Hole Chapter 1 Materia by ~xxpocketmonster
The mako reactors suddenly sprang to life. High above me three strands of mako energy collected into a large mass and eight smaller strands ejected from it stabbing into the reactors. Slowly Omega began to form. Suddenly a monster with huge wings sprouting from its back burst from its chest. I began running as I realized it was heading towards me. I wasn't fast enough and I soon found myself in the air. I kicked and screamed in protest. I wouldn't let it end this way.
"Yuffie!" Realization clicked inside my head as I heard Vincent's voice, a little more husky than usual. No sooner had he spoken did a huge blast of energy burst from Omega's chest
More FFXIII-2 InformationsHope you can take time to read this. ^^More FFXIII-2 Informations by *unknownimouz15
I mean some answers to my questions I've been wanting know has been answered, "somehow". ^^
But to whoever who haven't played/finsihed the game, don't read IF YOU DON'T WANNA BE SPOILED.
Another I won't type anymore, my theories since it seems all things that neede to know is here.
This information comes from the book Final Fantasy XIII-2 Fragments After
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PROVIDED BY THE BOOK:Source
♣Alyssa arranged the murder in Augusta Tower after receiving the Vagabond Artefact from Caius as an act of desperation to save herself from disappearing.
♣It is suggested that the Yeul seen enveloped in chaos in "Requiem of the Goddess" is not really Yeul, but an unknown entity that took on h
Cinnamon-Pairing: Zack x CloudCinnamon by ~Zakkur-a
-Notes: This fanfiction contains yaoi/shounen ai which means that it contains boy-boy love, if you do not like the idea of it then please click that wonderful thing I like to call a back button.
-Warnings: None.
-Usual Thing: I don't own any of the characters, nor the game of which they come from, just the plot of my fanfiction.
The candle flickered in smooth waves as it lit up the room that had been decorated in red and white, old fashioned drapes hung delicately from the ceiling and lanterns held small candles within them, each holding a small fuse to hold different colours.
Cloud had spent hours setting up a room for the night that he wanted, the night that he and his beloved would finally have a peaceful and passionate evening together. They were newlyweds, their wedding being held at their friend's church with a small party of their friends.
Cloud smiled and stroked the silver band on his
Group Founded 2 Years ago Aug 17, 2011 Location Global Group Focus deviantART Related 178 Members 181 Watchers 6,196 Pageviews |
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Sit Back for folders: Drawings, Fan Art, Paintings and Digital Art: justsitback.deviantart.com/?ti… Parings: justsitback.deviantart.com/?ti… |
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(Source: Globe and Mail, October 9, 2013) TORONTO — The lure of travelling cross-country by rail is the magnificent unfolding landscape, wrapped in the enduring mystique of retracing Canada's history. Along the way, time slows to the speed of long conversations. But Via found that on-board performances provide something more. It quietly organizes a program giving free train fare and meals to professional Canadian musicians travelling long-haul, Vancouver-Toronto or Montreal-Halifax routes in exchange for performing – adding a live, homegrown soundtrack to a quintessentially Canadian trip.Full story: Globe and Mail
Wednesday, October 09, 2013
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Army chief meets PM amid spike in ceasefire violations
New Delhi, Aug 19 : Indian Army chief General Bikram Singh met Prime Minister Manmohan Singh here Monday evening, official sources said. The meeting came in the backdrop of increased ceasefire violations by the Pakistan Army at the LoC in Jammu and Kashmir.
"The army chief met the prime minister. The meeting lasted for 15 minutes," an official in the Prime Minister's Office told IANS.
It is not immediately known what was discussed.
But sources said the army chief apprised the prime minister about the steps taken after five Indian soldiers were killed by Pakistani troops who crossed the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir's Poonch district Aug 6.
The meeting also comes after Defence Minister A.K. Antony said in the Rajya Sabha the army has mobilised all its resources to effectively retaliate to any ceasefire violation by Pakistan.
Antony said the government was taking the Aug 6 killing of five Indian soldiers "very very seriously" and that the armed forces would take every step to protect the sanctity of the LoC.
"Now the army (is) taking all possible steps, sometimes strong action, to effectively retaliate every violation on the LoC. The army has mobilised all its resources to effectively retaliate any violation," Antony said.
"Our forces, specially the army, will take every step to protect the sanctity of the LoC," Antony said.
In his statement, the defence minister said that the killing of five Indian soldiers "will have consequences on our behaviour on the Line of Control and for our relations with Pakistan".
Antony said his statement reflected the views of the government. He said ceasefire violations happen every year but their frequency has caused concerns.
"This time (what) worried us more is the frequency," he said.
Antony said there had been 24 ceasefire violations between Aug 6 and 6 a.m. Monday (Aug 19).
"Our restraint should not be taken for granted, nor should the capacity of our armed forces and resolve of the government to uphold the sanctity of the LoC ever be doubted," he said.
--IANS (Posted on 19-08-2013)
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Joy 2: Chivalry
Lloyd Flemming gets caught in the tangle of Lynda Barth's madness.
4.39 / 5.00 4,258 ViewsThe Man Who Won't Rhyme
This is the story of Dude, a talented lyrical prodigy who refuses to be himself.
4.38 / 5.00 18,939 ViewsA Portal turret is not happy with the working conditions of Aperture Science
Fifth episode in the Minions series, this time based on Portal.
Created by Eddie Bowley and Mark Ashe.
PS - Don't miss the Easter Egg!
Twisted Metal next? Talking cars is clearly the next step.
loved it
loved this it was clever funny and not badly animated


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Material Type: | Internet resource |
Document Type: | Book, Internet Resource |
All Authors / Contributors: |
Travis Bradberry; Jean Greaves |
OCLC Number: | 298781856 |
Notes: | "Includes a new & enhanced online edition of the world's most popular emotional intelligence test." |
Description: | xvii, 255 p. : ill. ; 19 cm. |
Contents: | The journey -- The big picture -- What emotional intelligence looks like: understanding the four skills -- Digging in: an action plan to increase your EQ -- Self-awareness strategies -- Self-management strategies -- Social awareness strategies -- Relationship management strategies -- Epilogue: Just the facts : a look at the latest discoveries in emotional intelligence -- Discussion questions for reading groups. |
Responsibility: | Travis Bradberry & Jean Greaves ; foreword by Patrick Lencioni. |
Knowing what emotional intelligence is, and knowing how to use it to improve your life, are two very different things.
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A collection of news and information related to Teaching and Learning published by Tribune Company sources.
A collection of news and information related to Teaching and Learning published by Tribune Company sources.
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www.ipsofactoJ.com/archive/index.htm [1987] Part 3 Case 10 [SCM] |
Abdullah Ang
- vs -
Public Prosecutor
Coram MOHAMED AZMI SCJ HASHIM YEOP A SANI SCJ WAN HAMZAH SCJ |
Mohamed Azmi S CJ
(delivering the judgment of the court)
We have allowed this appeal and we now give our reasons for reducing the custodial sentence and setting aside the sentence of fine.
The appellant was convicted in the High Court at Kuala Lumpur on his plea of guilty to a charge of criminal breach of trust offence under s 409 Penal Code. The charge was in the following terms:
That you on the 9 April 1985 at No 91, Jalan SS 21/1 A, Damansara Utama, Petaling Jaya, in the State of Selangor, being an agent of Malaysia Overseas Investment Corp Sdn Bhd to wit, the Managing Director and in such capacity entrusted with dominion over certain property, to wit, M$338,808.80, committed criminal breach of trust in respect of the said property and you thereby committed an offence punishable under s 409 of the Penal Code. |
After hearing a plea in mitigation from his counsel, the appellant was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment and a fine of $100,000 in default another six months' imprisonment. The appeal to us was against the said sentence on the ground that:
the sentence imposed by the trial judge was manifestly excessive in all the circumstances of the case; and
the trial judge failed to take into account relevant considerations and/or took into account irrelevant considerations.
Although the classical principles applicable to all sentences were summed up in Reg v Sargeant (1974) 60 Cr App R 74 as retribution, deterrence, prevention and rehabilitation, in view of the prevalence of criminal breach of trust cases at the present time, we agreed to adopt the argument of Lawton LJ in Reg v Davies (1978) 67 Cr APP R 207 and accordingly we held that in this particular case only the elements of retribution and deterrence needed to be considered. As such, binding over the accused under s 173A or s 294 Criminal Procedure Code (which, in effect, is similar to a suspended prison sentence) or imposing a term of one day's imprisonment with fine would seldom be a suitable sentence to fit the crime of breach of trust particularly under ss 408 and 409 of the Penal Code. As stated in Public Prosecutor v Khairuddin [1982] 1 MLJ 331, 332 an authority cited by the learned trial judge:
The number of people placed in position[s] of trust has been growing steadily and rapidly both in the private and public sectors with corresponding increase in opportunities for such people to make easy money by dishonest means. ...Public interest demands that cases of this nature involving persons in positions of trust, particularly in financial institutions, must be dealt with severely, in the hope that would-be offenders would be deterred. Until it is understood by such people that the normal punishment for helping themselves to their employers' money is to be sent to prison, there will continue to be officials in commercial and cooperative banks and similar institutions, prepared to pilfer the till. |
Consequently, we agreed with the principle laid down in Reg v Barrick (1985) 81 Cr App R 78, 81 that in breach of trust cases in general, a term of immediate imprisonment would be inevitable, save in very exceptional circumstances or where the amount of money involved was small. This must be the current sentencing policy even if the accused pleaded guilty.
What had caused anxiety to the learned trial judge in this appeal was the length of the custodial sentence that should be imposed on a managing director of a company for committing breach of trust involving the sum of more than $300,000 but less than $400,000. In his 15-page judgment, the learned trial judge relied heavily on two English authorities — Reg v Barrick (1985) 81 Cr App R 78, 81 and Reg v Davies (1978) 67 Cr App R 207, and after comparing them with two local cases — Public Prosecutor v Khairuddin [1982] 1 MLJ 331, 332 and Public Prosecutor v Muthu Lingam [1986] 1 MLJ 432 (the latter case was incidentally decided by the learned trial judge in 1985) — he came to the following conclusion:
If this court is to follow the trend set by these two cases (Khairuddin and Muthu Lingam) on the proper sentence to be passed in breach of trust cases which seems, albeit coincidentally, to be in line with the guidelines which have been given in the English case of Barrick, then, a term of 3½ and 4½ years would appear to be justified in the present case where the amount involved is $338,808.80. But then United Kingdom law is not nearly the same as local law in breach of trust cases. |
Indeed, we held the view that the learned judge would have been perfectly justified if he had sentenced the appellant to a term between 3½ and 4½ years, because such sentence would not only be consistent with the two local authorities but would also be within the spirit of the guidelines suggested in Barrick. But unfortunately, the learned judge found it necessary for the purpose of s 409 to depart from the English guidelines by extending the recommended prison term to twice as long, and as well as to decline from following the trend of local authorities by imposing a very severe sentence of eight years, in addition to a fine. In Barrick, the Lord Chief Justice of England gave the following guidelines at p. 82:
The sum involved is obviously not the only factor to be considered, but it may in many cases provide a useful guide. Where the amounts involved cannot be described as small but are less than £10,000 or thereabouts, terms of imprisonment ranging from the very short up to about 18 months are appropriate (see for example Weston (1980) 2 Cr App R (S) 391). Cases involving sums of between about £10,000 and £50,000 will merit a term of about two to three years' imprisonment. Where greater sums are involved, for example those over £100,000, then a term of 3½ years to 4½ years would be justified (see for example the case of Strubell (1982) 4 Cr App R (S) 300). |
The reason given by the learned judge for doubling the length of the suggested custodial sentence from 3½ to 4½ years to eight years was apparently due to the fact that the twenty years' maximum sentence in our s 409 was twice the length of the maximum sentence in England for a similar offence. Having considered the maximum punishment prescribed by ss 406, 407, 408 and 409 of our Penal Code, he concluded that the gravity of CBT in this country depended on the occupation of the offender, whereas it was not so in the United Kingdom. As such, the learned judge seemed to argue that since the sentence of four years' imprisonment in Davies was confirmed on appeal, in which the maximum sentence provided by English law was seven years, the English court would have sentenced Davies to eight years if the maximum sentence had been twenty years as provided for in our s 409. This mathematical approach in doubling the term of imprisonment imposed in Davies and recommended in Barrick on the basis of the amount defalcated and assumed legislative intent could be found in the following passage of the learned judge's judgment:
In Barrick, the total amount of the defalcations involved was £9,000 and the maximum sentence for the offences for which he was charged was ten years. He received concurrent sentences of two years which were held, on appeal, to be not excessive. In Davies, the total amount involved in the defalcations amounted to £260,000 and the maximum sentence that could be imposed was seven years. Its sentence of four years' imprisonment was confirmed on appeal. But in this country for the offence under s 409 of the Penal Code the maximum sentence is 20 years ... In the case of a s 409 offence, however, since the crime is considered by the legislature as very grave criminal conduct, the punishment, in order to fit the crime, is made especially severe — 20 years as the maximum term of imprisonment. The maximum punishment for this offence is twice the length of the maximum of the harshest United Kingdom punishment in breach of trust cases. Nonetheless, the Barrick guidelines are still useful but with this additional stipulation or rider in mind — that the length of the terms of imprisonment recommended in the guidelines be made twice as long. In view of these considerations and with the benefit of hindsight, it seems to this court that the sentence imposed by me in Muthu Lingam (supra) to which I have referred in this judgment was too lenient. |
In our view, this approach of assessing sentence supposedly based on English authorities by harmonising them with the maximum sentence of twenty years in s 409 of the Penal Code was not only misleading but was wrong in principle. When the legislature fixed a maximum penalty for an offence, the discretion of the court in determining the extent to which in a particular case the punishment should be awarded must be exercised judicially. It must first be borne in mind that the guidelines in Barrick were introduced because of some divergence of opinion in the courts in England as to the policy of sentencing in breach of trust cases, particularly in the apparent leniency accorded by some courts to dishonest solicitors as compared to dishonest postmen and other lesser mortals, brought about no doubt by the criminal law in that country which did not seem to provide any difference in punishment on the basis of the offenders' occupation as was apparently done here by ss 406 to 409 of the Penal Code. We believed such divergence of opinion had not occurred here. Nevertheless, it seemed to us, the guidelines in Barrick , though useful, were only meant to emphasise that whatever the offenders' occupation might be there should be no great disparity in the sentence and that in CBT cases custodial sentence should be immediate and not suspended. Nothing more should be read into the judgment as intending to alter the established sentencing principles. In fact at p 81, before laying down the guidelines, the Lord Chief Justice expressly made the following caution:
It is, we appreciate, dangerous to generalise where the circumstances of the offender and the offence may vary so widely from case to case. In the hope that they may be helpful to sentencers generally, and may lead to a little more uniformity, we make the following suggestions. |
Secondly, it must also be observed that at page 82 immediately after the guidelines, the Lord Chief Justice emphasised:
The terms suggested are appropriate where the case is contested. In any case where a plea of guilty is entered, however, the Court should give the appropriate discount. |
Thus, under Barrick guidelines, when the amount defalcated was over £100,000 (which would be equivalent to more than $400,000) then the term of imprisonment should be one of 3½ to 4½ years, if the offender claimed trial and was found guilty. On these guidelines, it would impossible to justify the sentence of eight years on the appellant where the amount defalcated was less than $400,000 and where he had pleaded guilty, notwithstanding the disparity in the maximum sentence between the law in England and this country for criminal breach of trust by a company managing director. There is therefore no real basis for holding the sentence of three years involving $100,000 where the accused had claimed trial in Muthu Lingam, or the one and a half years involving about $129,000 where the accused had pleaded guilty in Khairuddin, as too lenient or wrong in law or contrary to current sentencing policy in breach of trust cases. As regards Davies, it must not be overlooked that the four-year term was imposed not on a single charge of CBT but represented the concurrent sentences of several distinct charges. It was also the same in Barrick where the concurrent sentences imposed were two years.
The next question which we had to determine was whether the learned judge had given adequate discounts for mitigating factors so as to justify the sentence imposed. In short, was the sentence imposed manifestly excessive? What were the facts in this case relevant for the purpose of assessing sentence? The appellant was 40 years old, and was married with three children. He had made no financial gain at all himself from the criminal breach of trust. The charge indicated a loss of $338,808.80 to Malaysia Overseas Investment Corp Sdn Bhd (MOIC) of which he was the managing director at the relevant time, But, it was common ground that not a single cent of that sum entered his pocket. The money misappropriated was for the benefit of the National Rubber Smallholders Product Sdn Bhd (NARSPRO) who were in need of financial aid to buy machineries without which their factory could not operate. Full restitution with interest had been made by NARSPRO on 2 May 1986. It was therefore fair to say that MOIC had been deprived of their money from 9 April 1985 to 2 May 1986 — a period of just over a year. As a result of the financial assistance, NARSPRO became a successful business venture. The judge made special emphasis on the fact that the appellant had an interest in NARSPRO through a company known as MMB Holdings Sdn Bhd but this interest turned out to be a mere 6.7 percent equity participation which was comparatively quite minimal. The use to which MOIC money was put was a far cry from a classic case of CBT as in Barrick and Davies where the money was used for the offenders' personal and immediate benefit, and where the offence was committed with a good deal of ingenuity and skill in covering up the criminal activities. In this appeal, the CBT was not committed secretly by the appellant alone. In fact, another director of MOIC together with the appellant had signed the cheque with which the money was misappropriated. Up to date, the said director had apparently not been prosecuted for any offence which, to us, did not lend support to the prosecution's contention that the CBT in the instant case was one of the worst kind that merited an extraordinary deterrent sentence. On the facts, there was no similarity between the present case and the two English cases. The appellant's conduct in misappropriating MOIC money on a single occasion was purely for the purpose of saving NARSPRO from their initial financial difficulties with the apparent promise that NARSPRO would pay back the sum advanced, though this was done without the authority of MOIC's Board of Directors.
In assessing the length of custodial sentence, the court must look at the overall picture in perspective by considering,
firstly, the gravity of the type of offence committed;
secondly, the facts in the commission of the offence;
thirdly, the presence or absence of mitigating factors, and,
fourthly, the sentences that have been imposed in the past for similar offences to determine the trend of sentencing policy, if any.
The fact that a sentence of imprisonment is imposed as a deterrence does not justify the sentencer in passing a sentence of greater length than what the facts of the offence warrant. The gravity of the type of offence involved must be considered in the light of the particular facts of the offence. As stated by James LJ in R v Ladd & Tristam [1975] Cr LR 50; Thomas Encyclopaedia of Current Sentencing Practices, p 1058.
We have to look at the overall picture of what is the right sentence for the total involvement, the total degree of criminality involved, and we have to keep the sentences in perspective with the sentences that have been passed on other occasions for offences involving criminal activity of this kind, though of course varying in their gravity. Clearly a deterrent element has to be involved, but because the offences are very serious, it does not necessarily follow that on the particular facts very long sentences are justified. |
A sentencer must give sufficient discount for all extenuating circumstances pertaining to the degree of culpability or criminality involved, which must necessarily vary from case to case apart from other mitigating factors. Unless there is a proper reason for withholding such credits, failure to do so may result in the sentencer not exercising his or her discretion judicially in assessing the level of custodial sentence. In R v Meade (1982) 4 Crim APP R (S) 193; Cr LR 613, a young man who pleaded guilty to arson was granted a reduction in his sentence of six years' imprisonment in what would otherwise have been the proper sentence for such a serious offence. In the course of his judgment, Lord Lane CJ said:
A term of five to six years, whatever the age of the offender may be, is in many cases of using a petrol bomb a perfectly appropriate sentence, because these weapons are rightly called bombs. They can cause the most fearful injuries and this case demonstrates the sort of damage they can cause to property. But having said that, the help that he gave to the police and his plea of guilty earn him a discount, which does not appear to have been given by the judge. |
In this appeal, certainly a sentence of immediate imprisonment for the offence of CBT involving a sum of considerable magnitude had to be imposed and had to be one that should be sufficiently long to signify the gravity of the offence. But on the length of the sentence, we had come to the conclusion, as indeed was the initial finding of the learned judge himself, that a term of between 3½ and 4½ years would be fair and adequate on the basis of Khairuddin and Muthu Lingam, and on the principles laid down in Barrick . For determining the length of custodial sentence in pleading-guilty cases, the test to be adopted could be found in R. v Boyd (1980) 2 Cr APP R (S)234; Thomas Encyclopaedia of Current Sentencing Practice, p 1061, where Cummins-Bruce LJ said:
The policy of the courts is that where a man does plead guilty, which does give rise to public advantage and avoids the expense and nuisance of a trial, which may sometimes be a long one, the court encourages pleas of guilty by knocking something off the sentence which would have been imposed if there had not been a plea of guilty. So one asks oneself, if there had been a plea of not guilty, and he had been convicted, what would have been the appropriate sentence? The answer to that is that the appropriate sentence in these circumstances would not have been more than three years. That points to the fact that this sentence was rather on the heavy side, because it did not give sufficient allowance for the plea of guilty. |
When we asked ourselves the same question here, the appropriate sentence if the appellant had claimed trial would have been around eight years, regard being had to the amount of money defalcated and the other circumstances of the case. Clearly on this test, the sentence imposed on the appellant was manifestly excessive. It is generally accepted that the extent of the reduction on account of a plea of guilty would be between one-quarter and one-third of what otherwise would have been the sentence. In this particular case, apart from the plea of guilty, the sentence must also be discounted to reflect the full restitution made and the other mitigating factors. Although the learned judge indicated in his judgment that he had given the necessary discounts, they were not reflected at all in the sentence imposed. We were satisfied from his judgment that the learned judge had imposed the eight years' sentence purely on the basis of extending twice as long the English guidelines found in Barrick and the sentence imposed in Davies , without regard to the particular facts of this case and without giving the appellant any or sufficient credit for all the mitigating circumstances. The recommended prison terms in Barrick were not meant for pleading-guilty cases. If the learned judge had not fallen into error in misreading the facts and the law in Barrick and Davies, he would probably have found that a four-year sentence would adequately fit the crime which by any standard was severe enough to satisfy the justice of this case. In our view, the fact that our Penal Code had prescribed a longer maximum sentence for s 409 offences than for similar crimes in England did not justify the imposition of a sentence more severe than what the gravity and circumstances of the offence would warrant. It was wrong in principle to double without any good reason what would otherwise be an adequate and fair period of imprisonment. Since full restitution had been made and the appellant had not enriched himself personally by the crime, we found no purpose in imposing a fine in addition to custodial sentence.
Bearing in mind all those matters, we have allowed this appeal by reducing the sentence imposed on the appellant to four years' imprisonment from the date of his arrest, and by setting aside the fine of $100,000.
Reg v Sargeant (1974) 60 Cr App R 74; Reg v Davies (1978) 67 Cr App R 207; Public Prosecutor v Khairuddin [1982] 1 MLJ 331; Reg v Barrick (1985) 81 Cr App R 78; Public Prosecutor v Muthu Lingam [1986] 1 MLJ 432; R v Ladd & Tristam [1975] Cr LR 50; R v Meade [1982] 4 Crim App R (S) 193; Cr LR 613; R v Boyd (1980) 2 Cr App R (S) 234
Penal Code: s. 409
Authors and other references
Thomas Encyclopaedia of Current Sentencing Practice
RR Chelliah (Dulip Singh with him) for the appellant.
Mohtar Abdullah (DPP) & HH Tan (DPP) with him for the respondent.
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Transplanting an immature Sweet Bay Magnolia
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A Senate Committee on Business and Commerce substitute for a bill related to the transfer of ad valorem tax liens was favorably voted out of that committee Wednesday to next be voted on by the Senate.
A large crowd had packed the Business and Commerce Committee's Tuesday hearing of State Sen. John Carona's Senate Bill 247, which resulted in tweaks found in the committee substitute.
The main alteration was the inclusion of a prohibition against a lien transfer on real property that is subject to the covenants of a governmental or nonprofit grant or below market rate loan.
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In Mount Edziza Provincial Park, caribou and bears are lonely travellers on trails carved thousands of years ago