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Just learned that we will be in France during three national holidays in May: May Day, WWII Victory Day and Ascension Day. Other than the prospect of bigger crowds I'm wondering if this might also affect business closings. I'm concerned because Rick Steves (in his 2010 book on France) mentioned that May can be bad - without giving details) In addition, I nearly went mad trying to schedule an online rental car drop-off in Avignon for May 9 of this year. Kept getting the message: "Drop Off location closed." According to Auto Europe this was because May 9 is Ascension Day. But, a few days later I attempted essentially the same online scheduling and had no problem! Does anyone have experience with holiday closings in France or any further comments? Thanks!
Holiday Effects in France?
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I was amazed that ascension day is a holiday in France - but we were there several years ago and a lot of places were closed. Who knew? (I know most people in France are technically catholic, but mainly anti-clerical, and who would think the government would celebrate such an obscure religious holiday?)
May Day is Labor Day (serious holiday) in all of europe.
Don't know about the other.
I would go to websites of a couple of major sites and see what they say. -
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There are actually four: Mayday, VE Day, Ascension and Whit Monday (May 20).
Of them, only Mayday is a legally decreed national day off (though that doesn't necessarily affect whether things open) . The other three are widely observed, but through agreements between employers and unions or staff associations. So observance will vary by organisation, and sometimes from year to year. -
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In regional areas, lots of shops, supermarkets, services, banks, restaurants will be closed or have limited hours for most of those holidays...but each will vary depending on their individual policies. And also bear in mind some French people like to 'faire le pont' or build a bridge to create a long weekend out of them, especially small business or local shops. So for Ascension Day (Thurs) you may find some local things closed on Friday as well. The major tourist attractions should be open though, possibly excepting on May Day...check their websites.
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The French take their holidays seriously, for sure!
There is a good May Day post that you can search for above. It goes back several years, so there is a variety of information about the many things that will be closed in Paris certainly and about labor union parades and transportation. I think many of the public museums are closed or have limited hours, but I believe we went to the Jacquemart-Andre. Google is your friend here.
On Ascension Day, a lot is closed or opens late. Bakeries usually open briefly in the morning, but many/most shops will be closed with the exception of tiny convenience shops owned by immigrants. Parks will be full of Parisians as will large restaurants, particularly ethnic restaurants, and brasseries. Many/most bistros and smaller restaurants will be closed. Cafes will open but late. Our corner cafe, for example, didn't open until 10, so we had to eat breakfast at our hotel. -
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The May holidays besides May 1st can mostly be ignored by tourists, except for the fact that municipal museums are closed on holidays (Carnavalet, Petit Palais, Palais de Tokyo, etc.) -- national museums and most shops will be open.
Paris does get a bit more crowded for some of this stuff because quite a few other European countries share the same holidays. -
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Other than May Day the store closings are spotty. Usually signs are posted a few days before advising of closure or short hours.
The more active the tourist area, the more things will be open. -
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As far as the car drop-off goes, I don't know why people don't just call AutoEurope instead of driving themselves crazy with the website - they have about the most customer service-friendly people on the planet. They would have told you that, even if the dropoff location is closed, there's a dropoff box there where you can always leave the keys and insurance packet.
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If you drop the car off, be sure to take detailed photographs of it with the date stamp on your camera turned on so you can prove the condition at the time you left it. Photos of gas gauge and mileage meter are also in order. A bigger problem is some countries than others, but it will take five minutes and possibly save you a lot of grief.
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Signs show Tampa market unfriendly to Lightning
A Canadian financial planner has named several factors relating to the current economy that are unfriendly to one-time Stanley Cup champion Tampa Bay Lightning.
The Tampa market, which has been home to the team since 1992, exhibits five of 10 possible danger signs that could affect its existence according to a study conducted by sister publication Business First of Buffalo.
Many of the teams that could be in danger if the National Hockey League was to ever to consider contracting are in non-traditional hockey markets such as the south and the west, areas the NHL has expanded to in recent years.
"Before doing any study — just putting in my two cents — I would have said it has been a disaster," Ted Rechtshaffen, president and chief executive officer of TriDelta Financial Partners Inc. in Toronto, said. "Now, after doing the study, putting the numbers together, I can say it has been a disaster."
There are a number of areas plaguing the Lightning, the study said, including the placement of potential fans' personal income as well as 2008-09 attendance in the bottom one-third of the entire NHL.
The Lightning's venue, St. Pete Time Forum, was below 90 percent capacity on average during the most recent season, while the financial value of the franchise, as estimated by Forbes, has dropped at least 50 percent below the NHL median during the past year.
Of course, the Lightning's other big problem is its location south of the 38th parallel, considered the southern border of the traditional hockey market.
Other teams on the list are scattered throughout areas with warmer climates, led by the Phoenix Coyotes, which exhibit eight of the 10 danger signs including low franchise value, low net income and competition with the National Basketball Association.
G. Scott Thomas of Business First of Buffalo contributed to this report.
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How Nuclear Reactors Work, And How They Fail
Several of Japan's nuclear power plants are experiencing serious damage from the earthquake and ensuing tsunami. Here's what you need to know to understand the news, as it happens
Several of Japan's nuclear power plants, especially the Fukushima Naiishi plant in northeastern Japan, are experiencing serious problems in the wake of Friday's earthquake and tsunami. If you've been following the news, you've seen some pretty alarming stuff going on at this plant--terms like "explosion," "partial meltdown," "evacuation," and "radiation exposure." With details sparse from the chaotic scene, here's what you need to know to understand and make sense of the news unfolding in Japan.
What Is a Nuclear Reaction?
A nuclear reaction is at its most basic nothing more than a reaction process that occurs in an atomic nucleus. They typically take place when a nucleus of an atom gets smacked by either a subatomic particle (usually a "free neutron," a short-lived neutron not bound to an existing nucleus) or another nucleus. That reaction produces atomic and subatomic products different from either of the original two particles. To make the kind of nuclear reaction we want, a fission reaction (in which the nucleus splits apart), those two original particles have to be of a certain type: One has to be a very heavy elemental isotope, typically some form of uranium or plutonium, and the other has to be a very light "free neutron." The uranium or plutonium isotopes are referred to as "fissile," which means we can use them to induce fission by bombarding them with free neutrons.
In a fission reaction, the light particle (the free neutron) collides with the heavy particle (the uranium or plutonium isotope) which splits into two or three pieces. That fission produces a ton of energy in the form of both kinetic energy and electromagnetic radiation. Those new pieces include two new nuclei (byproducts), some photons (gamma rays), but also some more free neutrons, which is the key that makes nuclear fission a good candidate to generate energy. Those newly produced free neutrons zoom around and smack into more uranium or plutonium isotopes, which in turn produces more energy and more free neutrons, and the whole thing keeps going that way--a nuclear fission chain reaction.
Nuclear fission produces insane amounts of energy, largely in the form of heat--we're talking several million times more energy than you'd get from a similar mass of a more everyday fuel like gasoline.
Getting Usable Energy From Fission
There are several types of nuclear fission reactors in Japan, but we're going to focus on the Fukushima Naiishi plant, the most hard-hit facility in the country. Fukushima, run by the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), has six separate reactor units, although numbers 4, 5, and 6 were shut down for maintenance at the time of the earthquake (and more importantly, the subsequent tsunami). Numbers 1, 2, and 3 are all "boiling water reactors," made by General Electric in the early- to mid-1970s. A boiling water reactor, or BWR, is the second-most-common reactor type in the world.
A BWR contains thousands of thin, straw-like tubes 12 feet in length, known as fuel rods, that in the case of Fukushima are made of a zirconium alloy. Inside those fuel rods is sealed the actual fuel, little ceramic pellets of uranium oxide. The fuel rods are bundled together in the core of the reactor. During a nuclear fission chain reaction, the tubes heat up to extremely high temperatures, and the way to keep them safe turns out to also be the way to extract useful energy from them. The rods are kept submerged in demineralized water, which serves as a coolant. The water is kept in a pressurized containment vessel, so it has a boiling point of around 550 °F. Even at such a high boiling point, the burning hot fuel rods produce large amounts of steam, which is actually what we want from this whole complicated arrangement—the high-pressure steam is used to turn the turbines on dynamos, producing electricity.
Since lots of heat is being produced, as well as the production and use of lots of pretty nasty radioactive materials, nuclear plants employ a variety several safety efforts beyond simply the use of the cooling water (which itself is backed up by redundant diesel generators--more on that later). The plant's core, the fuel rods and the water, is encased in a steel reactor vessel. That reactor vessel is in turn encased in a giant reinforced concrete shell, which is designed to prevent any radioactive gases from escaping.
Isn't There an "Off" Switch?
Sure! But needless to say, safely shutting down and controlling a nuclear reactor is not at all as simple as unplugging a rogue kitchen appliance. This is due to the extreme heat still present well after fission has subsided--mostly due to chemical reactions inherent in the fission reaction.
A functioning fission plant employs a system of control rods, essentially structures that limit the rate of fission inside the fuel rods by absorbing roaming free neutrons. The rate of fission can be controlled--even stopped--by inserting and removing the control rods in the reactor. At the time of the quake, the Fukushima reactors' control rods functioned normally, shutting down the fission reaction. But even with the fission reaction stopped, the fuel rods remain at extremely high temperatures and require constant cooling.
Which isn't typically a problem, so long as the cooling system (and, failing that, its diesel-powered backup) is still intact. But after losing main power in the quake, the subsequent tsunami wave also destroyed Fukushima's diesel backup generators. Which is a serious problem; even though the fission had stopped, coolant is still very much required to keep the plant safe.
That's due to the heat that remains in the nuclear core, both from the recently-disabled but still-hot fuel rods and from the various byproducts of the fission process. Those byproducts include radioactive iodine and caesium, both of which produce what's called "decay heat"--residual heat that is very slow to dissipate. If the core isn't continuously cooled, there's still more than enough heat to cause a meltdown long after it's been "turned off."
In the case of the Fukushima plant, with both the main and backup coolant systems down for the count, TEPCO was forced to rig a method to flood the core with seawater laced with boric acid (the boric acid to stave off another fission reaction if one were to restart due to a meltdown--more on that below). That's a bad sign--it's a last-ditch effort to prevent catastrophe, as the salt in the seawater will corrode the machinery. It's also a temporary fix: TEPCO will need to pump thousands of gallons of seawater into the core every day, until they can get the coolant system back online. Without it, the seawater method might have to go on for weeks, even up to a year, as the decay heat slowly subsides.
The Dreaded Meltdown
First of all, a "meltdown" is not a precisely defined term, which makes it fairly useless as an indicator of what's going on. Even the terms "full meltdown" and "partial meltdown" are pretty unhelpful, which is partly why we've written this guide--you'll be able to understand what's actually happening without relying on spurious terms that the experts themselves are often loathe to use.
Anyway, let's start at some of the less severe (though still unsettling) things that can happen when the coolant liquid is no longer present in the core. When the fuel rods are left uncovered by water, they'll get far too hot--we're talking thousands of degrees Celsius here--and begin to oxidize, or rust. That oxidation will react with the water that's left, producing highly explosive hydrogen gas. This has already happened in reactor No. 1 at Fukushima (see the video below). The hydrogen gas can be vented in smallish doses into the containment building, but if they can't vent it fast enough, it'll explode, which is exactly what happened at reactor No. 1. Keep in mind, this is not a nuclear reaction, but a simple chemical explosion that often (as in this case) results in little or no radioactive material being leaked into the outside world.
TEPCO has announced that after the explosion, radiation levels in the area around the plant were still within "normal" parameters. This is an important distinction--not to say that a hydrogen explosion at a nuclear plant is particularly fun news, but it is not nearly as panic-inducing as a meltdown.
What people mean when they say "meltdown" can refer to several different things, all likely coming after a hydrogen explosion. A "full meltdown" has a more generally accepted definition than, say, a "partial meltdown." A full meltdown is a worst-case scenario: The zirconium alloy fuel rods and the fuel itself, along with whatever machinery is left in the nuclear core, will melt into a lava-like material known as corium. Corium is deeply nasty stuff, capable of burning right through the concrete containment vessel thanks to its prodigious heat and chemical force, and when all that supercharged nuclear matter gets together, it can actually restart the fission process, except at a totally uncontrollable rate. A breach of the containment vessel could lead to the release of all the awful radioactive junk the containment vessel was built to contain in the first place, which could lead to your basic Chernobyl-style destruction.
The problem with a full meltdown is that it's usually the end result of a whole boatload of other chaos--explosions, fires, general destruction. Even at Chernobyl, which (unbelievably, in retrospect) had no containment building at all, the damage was caused mostly by the destruction of the plant by explosion and a graphite fire which allowed the corium to escape to the outside world, not the physical melting of the nuclear core.
Over the weekend, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano somewhat hesitatingly confirmed a "partial" meltdown. What does that mean? Nobody knows! The New York Times notes that a "partial" meltdown doesn't actually need to have any melting involved to qualify it as such--it could simply mean the fuel rods have been un-cooled long enough to corrode and crack, which given the hydrogen explosion, we know has already happened. But we'd advise against putting too much stock in any term relating to "meltdown"--it'll be much more informative to find out what's actually going on, rather than relying on a vague blanket term.
As TEPCO grapples with the damage the earthquake and tsunami did to the nuclear system, there's going to be lots of news--there could be more explosions, mass evacuations, and more "meltdowns" of one kind or another. All we can do is learn about what's going on, think calmly about the situation, and hope that TEPCO can eventually regain control of the plants.
"Sure! But it's not as effective as unplugging a rogue kitchen appliance, mostly due to some chemical reactions inherent in the fission reaction"
Um...yea NO. Chemical reactions? Listen popsci, I expect this from gizmodo, really I do, and I'm ok with that. But from you guys I do expect a bit more. It's a NUCLEAR reaction. One of the main differences between nuclear reaction and chemical reaction is related to how the reaction takes place in the atom. While nuclear reaction takes place in the atom's nucleus, the electrons in the atom are responsible for Chemical reactions. Chemical reactions involve the transfer, loss, gain and sharing of electrons and nothing takes place in the nucleus. Nuclear reactions involve the decomposition of the nucleus and have nothing to do with the electrons.
So next time. Please do your research.
By chemical reactions, he means the the reactions such as the rust, zirconium, and hydrogen reaction. A nuclear reactor has plenty of components that can undergo chemical reactions under the extreme heat. The reactors themselves have been shut down.
@ adamsulik1988
Dude its just an informative guide on the trems meltdown and how reactors work, there is no need to rant about the electron and neclear reaction differences. I respect your knowledge and I actually learned something, but people make mistakes, okay
I am a retired Metallurgical and Nuclear engineer and am familiar with the two oldest Fukushima reactors, as the company I worked for offered a different (more expensive) design for the 1974 and later installations.
The Fukushima reactors are BWR (boiling water reactors) of which the early Mark I and Mark II installations had and have basic design problems. These design problems have been known and have been written about since 1972 by AEC officials.
The surprising issue is why the power company was not forced to increase the reliability of the emergency cooling system, in a highly seismic operating environment.
Very similar problems exist in similar US installations and the gov. officials (like the financial meltdown guardians) do not seem to be stepping up to the issues.
The primary issue in Japan is not specifically that the reactors are BWR units, but that the emergency cooling systems and the reactor are mounted on separate concrete pads which in the case of a bad earthquake can move relative to each other and break the emergency cooling piping. At this point, it makes no difference if the pumps work or not.
Nuclear "accidents" are caused by relatively boring but very specific technical details, a "valve failed". Fine but exactly how? We are talking about big valves (some bigger than a limo) that are mechanical devices, motor or hydraulically operated, electrically actuated and electronically controlled. So when we speak of "X failed", exactly what happened? Mechanical problem? What kind of mechanical problem? and so on and so forth. When we finally get the answers -- we will see that something or a series of something really quite stupid happened.
With regard to future nuclear accidents, lets make a few things points: 1)a truly 100% failsafe installation is probably too expensive. 2)the thick concrete pad containing the reactor can sort of "float" during a bad earthquake. 3)the emergency cooling systems MUST work even after normal shutdown. 4)a bigger more expensive containment building is better. 5)the emergency pumps and as much cooling piping as possible must be on the same "floating" concrete pad as the reactor. 6) chose something other than just the cheapest design and give it better maintenance than the Davis-Besse installation.
Bad car accidents are always caused by at least 3 or 4 issues. Bad tires, bad brakes and rain do not cause an accident ----- until you need to stop.
Nuclear accidents are not necessarily ENGINEERING problems as often as they are accounting problems. How many nuclear ships have blown up? The stakes are a little higher than private company profit.
Until we know in great detail all of the boring technical elements of the cooling failure, we cannot properly criticize anyone. However design shortcomings have been known for almost 40 years and should be a wake-up call for the US.
I am playing arm chair quarter about what went wrong with the Japanese nuclear reactors like most people are doing right now but if I am right maybe it will help.
I'm not in the least bit surprised they having a meltdown problem. Throwing salt water on the reactor is like throwing gas onto a fire or trying to put out a magnesium fire with a fire extinguisher ingredients made out of CO2...
Salt water ions very easily splits water molecules, H2O, in a current at a lower temperature than pure H2O, into its elementary hydrogen and oxygen components. Salt water is a much better conductor of electricity than plain old water. Pure water is an electrical insulator not a electrical conductor, through some other ingredients in the water and it quickly changes into a electrical conductor, with salt it is a very good electrical conductor. Therefore the buildup of hydrogen in the containment building is mostly caused by them trying to cool the radiation down with salt water. The fuel rods would have to get over 2500 C to split pure water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, with saltwater the temperature can be much lower...
Ron Bennett
@ rlb2
Had to comment. That's a nice basic description of electrolysis, but has nothing to do with what's going on here. The Article mentions how the Zirconium in the fuel cladding reacts with the minimal water/steam present to create Zirconium dioxide and hydrogen. That hydrogen out-gassing is what caused the explosions. There is no current(amperes) present in the core that would cause electrolysis, and the introduction of seawater is purely for heat transfer away from the core and to keep it covered with water (below the temps that cause the H2 gassing, and 'further' core damage) Steam voids in a core = bad. Seawater is used primarily because there is nearly an infinite supply. I won't even touch the inaccuracies of: "trying to cool the radiation down with salt water."
formerNuke - I'm just playing armchair nuclear quarter back here and trying to see if there was a link between the salt water they used to cool the nuclear reactor and the overabundance of hydrogen gas leak. I am not in any way a nuke engineer although I do have several other engineering degrees. My hunch is that it also may be a product of what John Kanzius discovered last year where radio waves were used on salt water that caused an intense flame, that reaction was not conventional electrolysis as we know it.
See here:
With nuclear fission classical decay you have alpha decay, beta decay, and gamma radiation those different types of radiation interacting with salt water may also produce hydrogen gas, we just haven't discovered it yet, at least that is with the limited knowledge I have about what type of coolants are used today. Do they use salt water in nuclear submarines to cool them down, from all I read they use liquid metals. If you know of some other time salt water was used to cool a nuclear reactor down please enlighten me?
Ron Bennett
Ron Bennet.
The sub and other marine reactors are not BWR units but rather PWR units. Pressure Water Reactors as well as the Fukushima installations are "light water reactors" light water meaning regular distilled water. However the Fukushima 1 to 8 are all BWR units. Liquid metals are normally used in "breeder reactors", with several isolated cooling loops.
The BWR, Boiling Water Reactors use the water that cools the reactor (and turns to steam, hence "boiling") to power the turbines. The BWR units are ALL cheaper and from a design point of view less safe in a seismic area, because the reactor water goes into a long loop outside of the reactor building, to the turbine building. (please read above comment)
A sub nuke is a PWR (pressurized water reactor) in which the reactor cooling water goes into a steam generator (big heat exchanger) then the second loop goes to the turbine. After the steam leaves the turbine, it then passes into another heat exchanger which has sea water on one side and the turbine steam / water on the other side. So no nuke water goes either into the turbine or the ocean. In a BWR the turbine becomes contaminated and all pipes and turbines must be shrouded. In a PWR the reactor pressure is higher, but does not leave the reactor building.
Next is a general statement, which is my opinion. A PWR is a safer, higher cost and higher tech system as compared to a BWR. The pressure inside the reactor is about 75 bar in a BWR and about 160 bar in a PWR. Generally A PWR has higher installation cost and higher maint. cost than a BWR. And due to the high pressure, dead sure maint. must be done. My opinion is that low cooling pipe rupture probability indicates a BWR. A high piping rupture possibility (as a war ship or highly seismic area) indicates a PWR unit.
Aside from all the "experts" who have been on TV lately, real down to earth issues are the ones that count. A nuke PHD can explain ad nausium nuclear reactions, but most problems are based on other issues ----- which in many cases are REALLY difficult to know, but once you know them - seem pretty stupid not to have been known.
For example, neutrons will always perform as the experts describe. But in a system involving tens of thousands of welds and thousands of yards of electrical cable, exactly which weld was marginal and how do you find it? or exactly which of several million electrical connections was a bit loose??. Light water cooling sounds pretty safe, and it is up to the point that it can have a drop dead guarantee. It seems as though everyone knows that the nuke reactions get upset in the absence of cooling. But the cooling guarantee is not "drop dead", particularly so in a BWR. Nuke plant designers and builders are limited by accounting (read Money) issues to a "most likely" scenario, we are kidding ourselves if we think that anything (except maybe NASA and the US Navy)gets real "drop dead" engineering. So I am really sorry for Davis-Besse, Three Mile Island and Fukushima, but "drop dead" quality usually means eliminating the accountants.
This creates a bigger problem however, the human race has to fork over the money or put up with the occasional disaster, or live in the dark or live with fossil fuel pollution. Wind, sea wave, river and other renewable power is great but I do not think there will ever be enough.
There are about 450 nuclear installations world wide, this almost means we are still in the "prototype" or "preproduction" phase. The world wide nuke issue REQUIRES standardized modular plants and should not be proposed and sold as either cheap to build or cheap to run or cheap to dismantle --- I wished I could see an alternative.
i say that we should make the containment vessel out of tungsten carbide it has the highest melting point 3410 °C (6170 °F)this should in the case of a melt down keep the corium contained. if im wrong about that feel free to viciously critisize me as us pop sci people tend to do
I'm not a very technical person who looks more onto the details of these things and has fights about technicalities of the matter but all I have to say about this is what if it DOES go into full meltdown? My friend and I had a conversation about how dangerous it could be if all those nice gases came flying out of the core. Let's just say it wasn't a very good outcome.
Please read my two posts.
Good basic idea, unfortunately that which makes Tungsten ideal for a lot of things --- makes it impossible to create the big forgings necessary for nuclear reaction chambers.
I am a both a Metallurgical and Nuclear engineer, but I have relatively little practical experience with pure Tungsten. Usually the inside of the reactor vessel is lined with 3/16 inch thick high chrome stainless steel. Even this thickness is due to economic / "most likely" considerations.
I honestly do not know, but have colleagues who claim it would not be possible to line the reactor with pure tungsten.
In the real world, accountants and financial issues often take precedence over real "drop dead" 100% or even 99% safe engineering solutions.
Perhaps a SS / Tungsten alloy (decidedly more expensive) could be used for the reactor lining. Based on my 35 years of experience, this solution is not in the "most likely" category of anticipated problems to protect against. So even if technically doable, probably not within the economic limits of a profitable power plant.
Riccio or others,
One thing I don't understand is the long term need for cooling. Obviously, when the core/fuel rods are hot (just after shut down), cooling was needed so they wouldn't degrade or melt. And this cooling must be active, I think, in that the cool water must be injected and warm water removed in a circulating process. Since circulating, it must be driven by an electric or diesel pump.
How long does this cooling need to continue? Is there ever a point or temperature or state of radioactivity where the rods can be left alone with no water circulation cooling need? (Though maybe submerged under water.)
i belive at the moment they brought in another smaller pump/generator to cycle salt water through the reactor
circulation needs to continue until radio active decay is complete and until nuclear fission stops at that point the rods should be cool and should allow for removal and or repair of the reactor.
feel free to correct me if im wrong Riccio
It is important to realize there are two different key objects within the reactor vessel: Fuel Cells, and Control Rods. The Control Rods were inserted in between Fuel Cells to stop the fission process (neutron flux)that is ongoing (this is call a SCRAM) That basically kills the reaction, but as the article states (and hackerslayer787 is correct) the decay heat and SELF fission of radioactive isotopes keeps generating heat within the vessel. If proper cooling is maintained and the fission process is kept shut down, after a good amount of time, you don't need to continue to supply cooling water...just maintain a water blanket over the core. Any residual decay heat will be lost to the ambient environment (i.e. to the vessel, piping, air in the Reactor compartment, etc.) It will reach an equilibrium. The time it takes to reach equilibrium depends on things like reactor size, operational temps/press, fuel loading, etc.
Corium - more wackadoodle stuff. No moderation no nuclear reacton and temperatures well under the melting temperature of steel. This was what happened at TMI when the cooling system shut off.
Barely scraped the inside of the vessel.
The example I would like to use is not exactly correct, but simple and sort of correct. Technical experts, please bear with an oversimplified story.
Perhaps almost everyone knows that when you cook food in a microwave oven, you should let the food "rest" for about 1.5 minutes per inch of thickness. Why?
A microwave heats food by bombarding the water molecules with a "microwave" that due to being "micro" and a multiple of the atomic bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms --- "excites" or increases the vibration of the water molecule components (H and O2. this vibration heats up the food.
** so microwaves excite and heat the water in the food, which is why you can cook in paper or some plastic plates that do not contain atomic bonds similar to water**
But immediately after the microwave shuts off, the atoms are still vibrating and a bite of hot microwave food too soon out of the oven will burn you --- and sucking air or drinking a sip of water will not immediately stop the atomic vibration.
Now without getting into some messy and complicated descriptions - another short example. A flame is a slow explosion. And an explosion is a very rapid flame. But the atoms do not disintegrate - they just recombine to form other molecules with less energy, releasing molecular energy as heat.
Now to the nukes. Nuclear heat is not generated by recombining molecules --- which on it's own can be difficult to slowdown or stop. As in a forest or house fire, which is just hydro-carbon atoms recombining to create carbon dioxide, acid rain etc.
Nuclear heat is instead created by the "explosion of atoms", but not just the simple explosion of electrons jumping around. A nuclear explosion (however slow or fast, regulated or not) is serious business because it basically explodes the nucleus of the atom -- hence "Nuclear".
Now sometimes in your microwave, you hear little "pops", this is a small group of water molecules "exploding" or boiling, because the vibration is too great and the strength of the atomic bonds holding the molecule together can no longer retain it's structure as a liquid and becomes a gas (steam).
In a nuclear "reaction", the "re" part of the action is as a result or "reaction" to having too many radioactive particles close together. And the atomic nuclei are "exploding" because they are being "bombarded" by fast moving sub atomic particles in nearby Uranium or other "nuclear" material. Just as a big fire cannot be stopped immediately. A serious explosion cannot be halted immediately. And an explosion involving atomic nuclei is very serious.
The carbon rods (or whatever they are made of, for different types of nuclear fuel) are pushed in between the fuel rods, they slow the sub atomic particles that were flying around.
When there are sufficient of these "moderator" rods in place, the speed of the "acting" particles is slowed to the point where they do not have sufficient energy to "explode" any more nuclei. But this takes quite a while, because the nuclei that just previously exploded are VERY fast and the moderator rods do not slow them down immediately.
So depending on the density of the radioactive nuclear fuel and the exact reactor construction, it can take a couple of weeks of normal (substantial) cooling to actually stop (and cool)the reactor core. Different designs have different cooling temperature curves with respect to time --- but there are NO nuclear power plants that can be either stopped to "cold" or started from "cold" in less than a week or so.
This is why newer generation designs rely on so called "passive", "gravity" or some other theoretically "natural" force that does not require human intervention to stop.
Unfortunately the real "worst case" ability of these designs to actually stop by themselves is very discuss-able.
Meaning that I would have to see it to be convinced.
Three mile Island had a partial meltdown and it is still locked up, so there are still fast sub-atomic particles jumping around.
This is why storing "expended" fuel is such a HOT topic. Expended fuel is not dead, just not sufficiently active to be used as fuel. But is still really serious stuff that can't be swept under the rug, and must be treated almost as carefully as usable nuclear fuel.
Sorry, this is probably pretty boring, but "reasonably" safe or "once in 100 years" is not "drop dead" safe. Especially if the once in 100 or once in 500 years happens "on your watch" when you are 20 years old. When did the 500 years start?, and two "once in 500 year" incidents can happen in year 500 and 501. Bad timing on your part, from 1511 to 2511 everybody else got off Scott free, you just got fried.
I do believe that truly "drop dead" safe nuclear reactors can be built --- but they probably do not conform to a high corporate profit or to back room politics.
More boring technical comments, that I think are correct.
My understanding is that 3 reactors were "shutdown" for maintenance. This means that their fuel cores were perhaps in the spent fuel storage pools. Even spent or exhausted fuel is not dead, and for sure the stored fuel from the deactivated reactors is still active. The storage pools have to be cooled. If cooling is not possible, perhaps the explosion that blew off the top of the reactor building was due to excessive hydrogen buildup in the upper part of the reactor building where the spent fuel rods are stored.
Quite a bit of conjecture here, but I do not believe that we really know and I don't trust either the authorities or the operating company to explain that they made a series of mistakes.
I would like to go on record at this time by saying that in addition to the reactor problems, I think that there are spent fuel rod storage pool cooling problems.
Bottom line is that we could be in for something of which we have seen only the beginning. The old fuel rods can eventually cause hydrogen explosions if exposed due to low water level. So while a true "meltdown" may be avoided, repeated hydrogen explosions due to excess hydrogen accumulation in both the reactor building and the fuel storage pools are likely.
Don't be surprised if it gets a lot worse.
If this Corium can burn through pretty much everything, whats to stop it from going straight through the ground forever? I know it sounds silly but if this stuff is that hot it almost seems like it can really create something catastrophic. Can the Corium then set off another natural disaster?
Riccio, thank-you for the new explanation. The idea of active pumping needed essentially all the time is crazy--there are so many scenarios that could lead to loss of the pumps, electricity, diesel fuel, people to run the pumps. It's shocking to think we allow designs like this. Passive sounds better, but, even if it works there are 100's of multi-billion dollar facilities that we'll never shut down.
I see many articles and discussions of the probability of something happening at a nuke power plant, like 10000 to 1 or something like that. But one of the things that I think is little discussed is the potential risks from nuclear power from these supposedly unlikely plant problems.
If there is an 0.0001 chance for a problem to occur that kills no one and destroys $1 million in equipment and facilities, that is bad. However, if you have an 0.0001 chance for a problem to occur that kills dozens, causes cancer in 1000's, destroys $billions in equipment, costs 10's of billions in associated costs and requires decades of human exclusion from vast areas, that's REALLY bad. Some might say unacceptable, even at 10000 to 1.
But I guess 1 in 10,000 sounds good as a sound bite.
And this is why we have CANDU (heavy water) reactors... Fewer parts = lower risk, to a point.
On a more relevant note, what bothers me most is when the media says "...radioactive steam has been released...". The steam is not any more radioactive than the cup of tea I put in my microwave. Just because something has come into contact with radiation doesn't mean that it becomes radioactive too. If that were the case the Japanese would all be glowing!
I am no scientist so this may be very naive. I have two questions in regards to the reactor problems in Japan.
1. Could workers use a fire hose type system to spray water on the reactors from the air? I heard they tried to dump water from the air but could not get above the reactors because of the radioactive steam.
Years (30+) ago working in landscape construction on interstate highways we used tanker with a water / hydro-muclh mix to protect grass seed on hillsides. It seems a similar type of solution could be used to get water to the reactors.
2. Could some type of foam be used to contain the fuel rods and protect the Japanese from radiation?
Thanks for listening.
The nuclear power plant and reactor construct that make it safe also makes it hard to fix.
The GE designed and Mitsubishi constructed power plant reactor building has a very heavy "reactor vessel" at the center. This is pretty tough, from 6 to 10 inch thick steel with a 3/16 inch stainless steel liner. This sets on top of a big donut shaped expansion tank, and everything is supported be a thick concrete floor that allows the building to sort of "float" during a big quake. At a distance of a few yards all around, this is covered by the primary "reactor containment building", (with the general shape of an inverted light bulb) this is also a tough nut, made of 3 foot thick steel reinforced concrete (the reinforcement bars are not coat hangers, but heavy, big and not junk steel).
The water that cools the reactor, actually boils - creates steam and is piped out of the reactor vessel, past the open space around the reactor vessel and through the reactor containment building wall. Then these pipes (for some reactors as big as 30 inches in diameter) are supported by the big heavy floor of the turbine building, and into the turbines.
Thus the two primary equipment platforms are big and heavy (hundreds of tons) but during a quake as bad as the one experienced, these two pads can move with respect to one another. This ruptures the pipe going to the turbine and the pipe going back to the reactor.
The regular cooling is dead. The emergency cooling is inside the reactor building and needs power for the pump motors. Apparently another bad design placed the emergency generators where the tidal wave either swept them away or rendered them unusable.
The spent fuel storage pools are near the top of the reactor building, on either side of the narrow top. Spent fuel is not dead and must be kept cool. The rectangular top of the containment building is really not part of the containment building but is simply a heavy sheet metal shed to protect the spent fuel storage pools, the crane and other misc. equipment.
Now to your question, The reactor core is of course inside the reactor vessel, which is inside the reactor containment building. For some reason the emergency pumping and cooling system doesn't work and things are getting hot. Probably some radiation is escaping from the broken regular cooling pipes.
Now to complicate things, I think that the fuel pool cooling pipes were sheared along with the reactor pipes. Maybe even the pool walls cracked. In any case the water begins to boil, but boiling is not just bubbling - boiling separates the water into hydrogen and oxygen. After a while the stored fuel rods peek out of the water, now high velocity rusting of the rod protection tubes starts, and the water boils faster. Eventually the steel shed fills with hydrogen and starts to bulge at the seams. When this happens, the trapped hydrogen escapes and recombines with the oxygen in the atmosphere --- this creates a nice big orange fire ball (which maybe you saw in the first film clips). This fireball is a fast moving flame or a slow explosion, but it blows the shed on top of the containment building to bits and probably blows out a few ton of radioactive water and maybe even some fuel rod material.
This is why only the top of the building blew up. The bottom part is the heavy cement structure.
My opinion is that this secondary outside radiation is making it almost impossible to get close to or inside the reactor containment building to start correcting / cooling the reactor vessel.
Unfortunately the heat inside the reactor is very high and I do not think that small amounts of anything (foam or liquid salt is going to work - they just need lots and lots of water.
If you are not already bored to death, please read some of my earlier posts.
Keep in mind that, the spent fuel pools in other reactor buildings could go the same way, but even as serious as this is --- it has almost nothing to do with a melt down or radioactive stuff escaping from either the reactor vessel or the reactor containment building. But some brave soul has to get inside and at least cool down the outside of the reactor vessel if it is not possible to rig temporary cooling through the broken reactor / turbine pipes.


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"yMusic's performances live in the territory, genre-wise, that has emerged in the last decade between indie rock and classical music," said Aaron Greenwald, Executive Director of Duke Performances. "They have an idiosyncratic instrumentation that has enabled them to commission really talented composers who are their contemporaries, more or less, to write new music specific to their ensemble."
The performance is part of a broader year-long residency at Duke University. Given that yMusic's success is deeply entrenched in their collaboration with composers, Duke offered them a year-long residency in order to to read, rehearse and record the music of the students in the PhD program for composition. The residency gives yMusic the opportunity to interact with the next generation of contemporary composers but also grants the composers in the program the challenge to compose within the framework of yMusic's unique instrumentation.
"They perform other people's music, but there's still a kind of aesthetic to the composers who write for yMusic because yMusic has worked so much with pop and indie groups," said William Robin, a PhD candidate in Musicology at UNC. Robin has studied yMusic for his dissertation and written about them for the New York Times. "To a certain extent, composers today have grown up with both pop music and classical music and they generally split into one or the other. Since yMusic has fluency in both of those languages, it allows them to position themselves as a group to perform as a back-up to indie groups or as a classical music group."
yMusic was formed when old friends who played back-up for Sufjan Stevens reconnected after playing for The National. While chatting, they observed the disparity between a band playing together since high school and a motley set of instrumentalists hired for an individual show. From this conversation, they conceived of yMusic as a cohesive group that boasted classical fluency and the camaraderie of a garage band.
"One of the first and best decisions we made was that we would build the group based on individuals, rather than instrumentation, which yielded the challenge of having no existing repertoire, but the opportunity to assemble a truly unique group," said Rob Moose, the violinist of yMusic, over email. "Still, we play chamber music, purely and simply."
Although yMusic is rooted in chamber music, the members have performed in a variety of engagements, ranging from playing in the New York Philharmonic to backing Bon Iver in his last tour. This has permitted the group to work with composers who interact and direct the musicians in diverse ways, whether through recorded ideas, exported midi files or the more familiar pristine notation.
"There have been all kinds of music cross-pollinations over time, certainly as long as there has been popular and folk music, but I think one could argue that CD stores stopped being the place where genre is defined, so it has become easier to craft a cross-over career," said Greenwald. "There's a huge concern amongst classical music lovers that the audiences are getting older and older, so there are experiments from younger musicians, like in yMusic, to make music appropriate and to connect with people their age."
The concert at the Casbah is just one of the many ways in which yMusic continues to expand the audience of classical music. They have a full album's worth of new material that they will be playing at the Casbah, which will include pieces by Timothy Andres, Marcos Balter, Mark Dancigers, Nico Muhly, Andrew Norman, Jeremy Turner and Sufjan Stevens. On the same day as the show, they will be premiering their 7" EP, "Year of the Dragon."
"Our musicality and execution is informed by years of studying classical chamber music, in the form of string and woodwind quartets, and our performance aesthetic is informed equally by the concert hall and the rock club," said Moose. "We always like to say that we bring the energy of a rock show to chamber music, and the precision of classical music to indie rock."
yMusic will perform this Tuesday, Nov. 5, at 8 p.m. at the Casbah in downtown Durham. For tickets and more information, visit http://casbahdurham.com.


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Thank you everyone who offered advice for our 17 day trip to Japan. The trip was a huge success. Our family of 5 adults had a vacation of a lifetime. On this forum some recommended Chris Rowthorn as a possible guide for our visits to Tokyo and Kyoto. Wow, what a winning suggestion. We used Chris and his team consulting services and tours. They helped us with everything from coordinating train times and tickets to getting us into venues we as westerners or as tourist would never have been able to see. Special thanks to KOKO who is a super guide and works in Chris Rowthorns Kyoto office. Koko has those qualities of intelligence, understanding and passion for here work and Japanese culture which elevated our trip from something great to something exceptional. A few of the experiences she helped arrange for us were, a private dinner cooked by the top tempura master chef in Japan.
Visits with leading companies in the kimono, lacquerware and ikat trade in Kyoto.
The Gian district in Kyoto came alive through Koko's tours, which led to several revisits to incredible restaurants not in any guide book, but of quality only found in Japan.
Our visit to Takayama was great and worthwhile. Eating at the Restaurant Kakusho which has been run by the same family for 13 generations was an experience one cannot find anywhere else in the world. Tokyo was fantastic and our 6 days there are just a beginning.
The fish market, adjoining vege and fruit market and then exploring all the stalls was so much fun. Ginza during the day, then the magical transformation at night was a highlight.
Going to Mitsokushi dept store for the opening was a wow experience. Riding in Dr. Shins boat out in Tokyo bay was a great way to see the scope of this huge city, where each section
reveals more and more.
Koya San was questionable. The train ride there is enjoyable, the temples impressive, but the quality of the temple lodgings we found, were not of the same feeling level as the ancients shrines.
Rentaphone in Tokyo provided us was very high quality cell phones and portable wifi connections of superior quality and so easy to use. They were quick to respond to our questions. I highly recommend them.
Japan is so friendly, organized, clean and welcoming, filled with delights, immersed in beauty, safe, with such a high standard of quality, we marveled at our good fortune for visiting there everyday of our trip.
Thank you again to all who offered suggestions. Your advice on this forum helped us create and enjoy a trip of a lifetime.
Many thanks
Japan trip report and thank you
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Thanks for letting us know. Although its been years since I visited Koyasan, I thought the accommodations at Shojoshin-in quite wonderful.
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Thanks for reporting back and so glad you had a good time.
You know that is one of the reasons keeping us away from visiting Koyasan. I would enjoy about everything to do with and in the place but the accommodations. We have been in so many wonderful ryokan situations that a bad one can turn you off to the whole thing....not saying yours was a bad situation but I know the way we like to travel and a spartan ryokan is not what we would enjoy. Any plans for a return trip?
Aloha! -
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It was more the feeling level. Didnt feel as as friendly as the rest of japan. More get them in get them out.
Any suggestion how to overcome jet lag? -
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Feedback now we're back. We stayed in Shojoshin-in too, but we booked the private hanare residence. We booked via Japanese Guest Houses, and had our request in place ahead of when the temple bookings for October opened, so we knew we had good chance of securing the hanare.
Basically, it's a large detached traditional building in it's own garden area, but only a few paces from the main temple building where meals are served and prayers held.
Inside you have a corridor all around the central core, the core is divided into four spacious rooms separated (or connected) via sliding doors. Traditional ryokan style. Each of the four rooms is plenty large enough for a bedroom for 2, or even 3.
There are actually three toilets, one of which is Western style, these are along one side of the building (inside, of course). There are also a couple of sink areas. And one, small but lovely private bathroom with shower and deep wooden bath tub.
When I asked the prices, I remember being surprised that it was not much more than a double room within the main temple, given that it was private and had a private bathroom, this was quite a surprise.
So if comfort/ facilities are the issue, I'd consider booking here.
Oh, our dinner was excellent as was breakfast. We had only very brief interaction with the monks, when one served dinner. And we observed the morning chanting / prayers, but this temple doesn't give much opportunity to interact more, whereas I think other temples might.
Other advantage of Shojoshin-in is that it's right next to the Okuno-in graveyard, the key sight of Koyasan. -
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I'm glad to hear that Shojoshin-in is still as wonderful as I recall - thanks for posting, Kavey!
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- November 28, 2012
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Perplexed1 writes:
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Funny you don't see Buffet suggesting a tax on wealth! Income taxes is slavery to the government. What Obama wants is for the redistribution and stealing future income. Income inequality is Obama's target, ensuring you and your children live in mediocrity.
Obama is ignoring the fact is if we do not get this economic engine going in the US we will become Greece. This is Obama's Grecian formula for all his minions.
It is not the taxpayers fault that we have a spending problem that must be addressed. Well it is the people who voted Obama in who are not interested in economic growth. Not interested in jobs! Not interested in success! Not Interested in their children's future.
In spite of Obama the energy sector will grow even though Obama and the EPA did everything in their power to stop it.
Natural Gas is growing in spite of the fact Obama never supported it! Ignoring the economic boom from real energy solutions besides Wind, Solar, and the EPA. So please do not give Obama one ounce of credit since he has tried to stop it. Everything Obama does is anti-growth.
Jobs is the key and exactly what is Obama doing to grow the job market across the board? Nothing!
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Investor group makes new buyout offer for Sallie Mae
- Neil Adler
- Baltimore Business Journal
The investor group that agreed to buy Sallie Mae in April for about $25 billion sent the student lender's board of directors a revised buyout proposal on Tuesday.
Private equity firms J.C. Flowers & Co. LLC and Friedman Fleischer & Lowe LLC, along with Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC) and JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM), said they are offering up to $60 per share, composed of $50 in cash plus warrants with a payout of up to an additional $10 per share.
Based on the investor group's analysis, if Sallie Mae performs consistent with its own projections, the warrants could result in a payout of more than $7 per share. If the Reston, Va.-based company exceeds its projections, the payout could reach the full $10 per share.
On April 16, Sallie Mae said it agreed to be acquired for $60 per share by the investor group.
Since then, however, a credit crunch has hurt the ability of large buyout deals to be completed. And a new federal law signed by President Bush on Sept. 27 slashes federal subsidies provided to student lenders such as Sallie Mae, formally known as SLM Corp. (NYSE: SLM).
On Sept. 26, Sallie Mae said that it had been informed by the investor group that the would-be buyers did not expect the deal to occur under its original terms.
In an Oct. 2 letter to Sallie Mae's board, Christopher Flowers, managing director of J.C. Flowers & Co., wrote, "This revised proposal offers full and fair value to the Sallie Mae shareholders in light of the changes that have occurred since the signing of our agreement, and a significant premium to what the company's unaffected share price would likely be based on historical trading ranges and current market conditions."
Sallie Mae spokesman Tom Joyce said that the company's board literally just received the revised proposal, and will review it and respond to it "promptly and appropriately," Joyce said.
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Location: Europe > Portugal > Algarve
Date Photo Taken: September 22, 2006
© Copyright. You cannot use! Only Encyclopedia of Life (EOL)
annamvos55 added this photo to her favorites. (61 months ago)
Lovely how the pink on his beek (in Dutch it is called the 'pink grutto') matches the vegetation behind it. Great perspective.
Encyclopedia of Life curator Michаel Frаnkis has trusted your image on the EOL site


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Thank you for your interest in working at Hunger Free Colorado! If we have any current employment opportunities, they will be listed below. Please submit a resume and cover letter as one file, with the name of the position you are interested in to the email address listed within the job description by the deadline indicated.
AmeriCorps*VISTA Volunteer – Anti-Hunger and opportunity Corps Leader – Food
The application deadline for this position is December 10,2013.
Bilingual (English and Spanish) Food Assistance Navigator (Full Time) – Hotline
This position will be open until filled.


text: On November 29, 2003 08:33 pm, Steven Edwards wrote: > If anyone is interested in a good > hobby project a Winelib port of this would be nice to see. Yes, but before we can attempt that, we need MinGW support in OO, and AFAIK, that's not supported just yet. Does anyone know of any (current) effort to remedy that? -- Dimi.


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Have you ever met your true love at an Xmas office party?
Relevant offers
OPINION: I thought I would browse the internet to see what lawyers in other countries advised employers about Christmas office parties, writes Mary-Jane Thomas in Work to Rule.
Pinsent Masons are an international legal firm operating out of Europe, Asia and the Gulf. Their guide started with the following introduction:
"Office parties can be a great boost for morale but employers should be aware of potential risks such as sexual harassment, alcohol-fuelled brawls, religious discrimination and post-party absenteeism."
They promise to give a practical guide that will ensure a trouble-free office party. I think what they meant to say was the party will be mindnumbingly boring but at least you won't get sued.
The invitation
Apparently you are not to insist that all staff attend the office Christmas party for the reason that if the event is out of hours some people have family responsibilities that may prevent them from coming. I have never been at an organisation that had a requirement that you attend the office Christmas party. Indeed in my experience those that did not want to attend were better to be encouraged not to come because they ruin it for everyone else.
It's like kids and whitebait. If they don't really really like whitebait it's wasted on them and they shouldn't eat it and it should be given to the adults who do like it.
Work party
Christmas party invitations should read: "Please do not come unless you really really, really want to. That means that if you don't come there will be more food and drink for the rest of us and we won't get your grumpy face ruining the festive spirit."
Decorating the office
Pinsent Masons say: "It is a common misconception that Christmas decorations breach health and safety rules."
I had never ever thought of this. I have threatened to fire people if they put tinsel in my room but I have never thought it necessary to consider whether decorations are a health risk. Apparently, according to the website, "your insurance may not cover damage caused by untested electrical equipment so make sure you switch off tree lights before going home" - really?
The biggest problem we have had at work regarding decorations is an ongoing feud (me against everyone else in the office) as to whether our Christmas tree should be completely over the top (I think the more tinsel and decorations on the tree the better) or minimalist and tasteful. I have won out the past few years through explaining to the summer clerks who are responsible for decorating the tree that if they wanted a reference from me they needed to bow to my will.
If you come into our office this year and the tree is tasteful you will know that Emma, our summer clerk, has decided that a reference from me is not necessary to her career.
Secret Santa
"If you are running a Secret Santa, make sure staff are told that gifts should be inoffensive."
How times have changed. I can remember being a young lawyer over 20 years ago when every single secret Santa gift given in our firm was horribly offensive. I recall seeing things at my first Secret Santa in this office that I had only read about.
Party policies
"Provide clear written guidance to all employees about acceptable standards of behaviour at work-related social events, equal opportunities and harassment, as well as the disciplinary sanctions that could result from breaches of the rules. Make it clear that fighting, excessive alcohol consumption, the use of illegal drugs, inappropriate behaviour, sexist or racist remarks and comments about sexual orientation, disability, age or religion will not be tolerated."
If my employer gave me "clear written guidance" about how to behave at the Christmas party, I wouldn't go. In the past I think that (other than the use of illicit drugs) I have broken every one of those rules.
Alcohol consumption
Apparently in Europe a case occurred where three employees got drunk and had a fight after seven hours of drinking at a free bar supplied by their employer. They successfully argued that their resulting dismissals were unfair. A relevant factor was that the employer had provided a free bar, and therefore condoned their behaviour.
Oh for goodness sake, what a load of rubbish. Since when has a free bar been an indication to drink as much as you can and start snotting your co-workers?
Enjoy the work parties.
» Mary-Jane Thomas is a partner at Preston Russell Law. E-mail questions to firstname.lastname@example.com
- © Fairfax NZ News
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text:
The Navy Annex was never intended to last long or, for that matter, to house human beings. The 1 million-square-foot complex, perched on an Arlington County hill overlooking the Pentagon, was designed as a temporary warehouse but pressed by wartime needs into service as offices for the Navy and Marine Corps.
Seven decades later, including more than 50 years as Marine Corps headquarters, the Navy Annex is coming down. Demolition crews are gutting the interior and, late last month, began tearing down the complex's exterior walls. The 42-acre site is to be turned over to neighboring Arlington National Cemetery for grave sites.
The demise of the Navy Annex, built quickly in 1941 on the eve of U.S. entry into World War II, sheds light on a curious subspecies of Washington area structures: the temporary government office building.
"The old joke is there's nothing in Washington as permanent as a temporary building," said G. Martin Moeller Jr., senior curator at the National Building Museum.


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*image shown is 5 x 8 or larger rug *smaller sizes will not show complete pattern, will be scaled down to fit. |
Name: Ravella Fun Sunset Manufacturer: TransOcean Rugs Collection: Ravella Material: Acrylic
, Polypropylene
Construction: Hand Tufted
Origin: China Description: Red Ravella Fun Sunset Hand Tufted Transocean Rug - Beautiful contemporary designs, for indoors or outdoors, are crafted in polypropylene and modacrylic pile in this versatile collection. | ||||||||
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Reports » Russia
Russian stock market daily morning report (October 05, 2012, Friday)
Mario Draghi confirmed ECB being ready to buyback the bonds of states, which will ask for help. He also announced a significant progress of Spain in gaining control over its Treasury. FEDs minutes did not bring any surprises, readiness to build up the buyback program if necessary. The Russian market will get an opportunity this morning to win back the yesterdays growth at American markets. Additional support comes from the oil quotes growth following the approval of the Turkish Parliament to a possible military involvement in Syria. In the evening the main growth driver fotr the markets can be found in the stats on jobs in non-agricultural industry in the U.S. (Nonfarm Payrolls) and Septembers unemployment level. For the Russian players we recommend paying attention to the report of Sberbank by RAS for 9 mo0nths of the 2012 and IAS report for 1H 2012 by Inter RAO.
Main events
Evraz is consolidating 82% of shares of Raspadskaya.
Evraz announced its plan to buy 41% of shares of Raspadskaya and build up the share of company to 82%. The company will pay cash in the volume of 202 mn USD plus 9.9% of Evraz shares and warrants for 2.53% of shares of Evraz.
Stock Market Forum
- Highbank (HBK.V) Update on Archeological Survey & Swamp Point North Aggregate Project
6 December 2013
- Commodity Updates: by Live-market-tips.com
6 December 2013
- Nifty breached after test 6300 in early trading
5 December 2013
- U.s.market update
5 December 2013
- The Oil prices ended up the day on a bright note
5 December 2013
- Global mount money calls and updates
5 December 2013
- Intraday Free Stock Calls for NSE Intraday trading
5 December 2013
- brent crude oil updates ,energy calls and trend
4 December 2013
- Stornoway ( SWY.TO ) Announces $28.4M Renard Pre-Development
3 December 2013
- Petrichor (PTP.V) Closes First Tranche Convertible Debenture Financing for Gross Proc
3 December 2013


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Sherstin Schwartz
I am a floral designer by day and a supervillian by night.
I'm obsessed with Willem Dafoe, Jeff Bridges, B Movies and Mystery Science Theater 3000. Subjecting myself and my victims to the worst movies ever made is the bee's knees.
I love looking at things close up. Life is in the details.
Find me at: http://www.redbubble.com
Dripping with Diamonds.
22 Oct 2010 — 412 views, 10 favorites, 5 comments
In "Photo Challenge: Bling*"
Walk along the path.
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In "Photo Challenge: Blown Away"
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Sherstin's votable photos
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Crayola Madness.
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Enter "Popular Culture"!
Q: What is the difference between macro lense and macro extension tube
A: Do you know?


text:
Gun rights activist Adam Kokesh, who made headlines earlier this year for planning a 1,000+ person armed march from Virginia into Washington, DC (which was eventually called off) has been arrested according to the Washington Post.
Kokesh made headline again last week when he uploaded a video to his Youtube channel apparently showing him wielding and loading a pump action shotgun in Washington, DC's Freedom Plaza.
Possession of an unregistered firearm and carrying a firearm in DC are both crimes.
According to the Post, Kokesh was arrested for possession of hallucinogenic mushroom along with a firearm.


text:
Heritage Oil to move head office move to Jersey
CALGARY, Alberta
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CALGARY, Alberta Feb 22 (Reuters) - Heritage Oil Corp (HOC.TO) said on Friday it plans a corporate reorganization that will move its head office to Jersey, in the Channel Islands, from Calgary, Alberta, in an effort to boost its profile with European investors.
The company, which explores for oil in Africa, Iraq, Russia and elsewhere, said it will change its name to Heritage Oil Ltd, delist its Toronto Stock Exchange shares and seek to list its shares on the London Stock Exchange.
The existing shares will be split 10-for-1 after the LSE move, Heritage said in a release.
The company said it believes the move will raise its status among European investors and the international oil and gas sector, and increase the liquidity of its stock.
A shareholders meeting will be held next month to seek approval of the switch.
Heritage shares fell 15 Canadian cents to C$41.95 on the Toronto Stock Exchange on Friday. The stock has gained 25 percent over the past 12 months.
($1=$1.01 Canadian) (Reporting by Scott Haggett; Editing by Peter Galloway)
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- Hedging their bets, Ukraine's oligarchs sit above the fray
- Hurricane-force winds wreak havoc in Britain, head to Europe
- Standard Chartered says private bank client statements stolen in Singapore
- South Africans, some fearful, mourn Mandela |
- UPDATE 4-Hurricane-force winds wreak havoc in Britain, head to Europe


text:
Country star became flight instructor to sign son Ted's logbook.
Taylor's CD Hits the Top
Taylor Swift continues her meteoric rise to stardom as her self-titled debut CD reaches No. 1 on the Billboard Country Albums chart.
The teen star hits the top in the album's 39th week of release. This marks the slowest chart climb to No. 1 since the Dixie Chicks took 51 weeks to hit that spot in 1999 with Wide Open Spaces, according to Billboard. Taylor is also the only country artist to currently rank in the Top 15 on the all-genre Billboard 200 chart. Just last month, Taylor secured a spot in country music history as the only female country artist to write or co-write every song on a Platinum-selling debut CD.
More News
Weds his girlfriend in secret ceremony.
Joining Linda will be Nirvana, KISS, Peter Gabriel, Hall & Oates, Cat Stevens and Bruce Springsteen's The E Street Band.
"I think we have one 24-hour period to get it done," Kimberly says.


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income tax accountant jobs
Staff Accountant
NEWpreparation of Excise and Business Tax Filings and supporting schedules for Income Tax ... skills · A detail-oriented accountant with strong technical skills, analytical...
2 days ago from Paragon Partners, Ltd.Job Summary: Research Tools:- Staff Accountant Salaries in Huntington Beach
- More information about jobs in Huntington Beach, CA
Manager- Income Tax Accounting
NEWVerizon Wireline
- Alpharetta, GAthe income tax department. Specific income tax reporting for wireless on actual or ... of tax professionals in fulfilling income tax accounting obligations including all...
2 days ago from Verizon Wireline -
Senior Tax Analyst - State and Local (SALT)
- San Antonio, TXtax laws or business operations, resolving tax audit issues, and preparing tax ... reviews highly complex federal and state income, sales and premium tax returns,...
12 days ago from USAA -
Tax Specialist
Zurich North America
- Schaumburg, ILtax function, including compliance, income tax accounting, audit defense, and strategic ... and review federal and state income tax returns and supporting workpapers,...
12 days ago from Zurich North AmericaJob Summary: Research Tools:- Tax Specialist Salaries in Schaumburg
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Sr. Income Tax Accountant
- Oakland, CAincome tax liabilities. SR. INCOME TAX ACCOUNTANT RESPONSIBILITIES Gather and ... INCOME TAX, ACCOUNTANT, INCOME TAX ACCOUNTANT, CORPORATE TAX, CORPORATE...
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Tax Analyst Job
- Lancaster, PAof the income tax provision, federal income tax return compliance, and state income tax ... tax positions (FIN 48). - Reconciliations of income tax accounts for Armstrong - The Tax...
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Senior Tax Accountant - Income Tax
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recipe reviews for:
"Sliced pears, dried cranberries, Havarti cheese, pecans, and almonds makes this green salad go from simple to sensational."
Cooking Level: Intermediate
My Profile | Cooks I Like Reviews | Photos | Recipes | Menus | Blog
Holiday cookies, cakes, pies, and breads. Get recipes and inspiration.
Get time-saving recipes to save your busy life.
Find just the right recipes for your holiday get-togethers.
This creamy, tangy salad has a delicious crunch from the pecans.
A green salad gets dressed up with sliced pears, candied pecans, and blue cheese.
Make a healthy green salad loaded with fresh fruit and curried nuts.


text:
Focus on the little details of a baby and make a framed photo collage. (Original link now dead).
Framed seperately on wall. This but with wedding dress and tux. Super cute idea!
This is happening with D2. No matter the gender!
For Annie P. Put in little girls bathroom. 1 Peter 3:3 3 Do not let your adornment be merely outward—arranging the hair, wearing gold, or putting on fine apparel—4 rather let it be the hidden person of the heart, with the incorruptible beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is very precious in the sight of God.
5 Things You Need To Do To Improve Photography from www.chocolatemoos... @chocolatemoosey
photo back drop - using wrapping paper or fabric!
ALFRED EISENSTAEDT Intermission: The American Ballet, 1937
Printable blog planner. This is fantastic!
10 Pictures to Take on Baby's First Day :) I wish I had seen this before Emma was born! Next time :)
70 photoshop tricks (repinning so I can find this later!)
How to Kill the Shadow in Photography - tips and how to make your own shadow reflector with cardboard and aluminum foil


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Indian Badminton League suffers huge losses in first seasonTournament's marketing and event partners Sporty Solutionz planning to sell equity to recover losses. IBL team may see two more teams next year. Six teams took part in the first season that ended on August 31. NDTVSports| Last updated on Friday, 06 September ... NDTV, 2 months ago |
1 images for "sporty solutionz" | ||||
Badminton Association constitutes committee to hear Jwala Guttas caseFashion News: The Badminton Association of India president Akhilesh Das Gupta has constituted an independent three-member committee to hear Jwala Gutta's case on the punishment proposed by the Disciplinary Committee, a day after the proposed ... KeralaNext.com, 1 month ago
BAI only embarrasses itself with proposed life ban for Gutta
Firstpost.com, 1 month ago
Jwala Gutta Faces Life Ban After IBL Row
IndiaTimes, 2 months ago
Life ban recommended on Jwala Gutta
Times of India, 2 months ago


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Shows featuring Adrienne Maree Brown
Adrienne Maree Brown on the US Social Forum, Detroit and Octavia Butler
Thousands of activists and organizers have come from around the world for the US Social Forum for four days of workshops, meetings and marches to strengthen social movements and advance a progressive agenda. Democracy Now!'s Mike Burke was at Cobo Hall for the opening ceremony. He spoke with one of the national coordinators...June 23, 2010 | Story
US Social Forum to Be Held in Detroit Under Banner of "Another World Is Possible, Another US Is Necessary"
Over 10,000 grassroots activists are expected in Detroit this June for the second-ever US Social Forum. The theme of the gathering is "Another World Is Possible. Another US Is Necessary!" Detroit will also host the Allied Media Conference from June 18 to 20. We speak to Adrienne Maree Brown, a national coordinator of...April 02, 2010 | Story
Adrienne Maree Brown of the Ruckus Society on Media Justice, Election Protection and the Issue of Race in the 2008 Election
The National Conference for Media Reform isn't just a gathering on media policy. It's also an educational event for hands-on media activism and citizen journalism. Adrienne Maree Brown is the executive director of the Ruckus Society, which trains and supports social justice groups in nonviolent direct action. [includes rush transcript]June 06, 2008 | Story
DN! In Depth
By Amy Goodman & Denis Moynihan
The holiday season is upon us. Sadly, the big retailers are Scrooges when it comes to paying their staffs. Undergirding the sale prices is an army of workers earning the minimum wage or a fraction above it, living check to check on their meager pay and benefits. The dark secret that the retail giants like Wal-Mart don't want you to know is that many of these workers subsist below the poverty line, and rely on programs like food stamps and Medicaid just to get by. This holiday season, though, low-wage workers from Wal-Mart to fast-food restaurants are standing up and fighting back.
Show for Dec 06, 2013
Nelson Mandela, Beloved South African Leader, Dies at 95
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William Bratton Picked to Head NYPD Again
College Football Star Accused of Rape Will Not Face Charges
Report: U.S. Prosecutors Regularly Coerce Drug Offenders to Plead Guilty
Low-Wage Workers Honor Mandela amid Nationwide Strike
Watch our interviews with three of the filmmakers who made the shortlist of 15 films that will compete for the Documentary Feature Oscar.
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Watching the Watch List: Landmark Case Goes to Trial over Massive U.S. Terrorism "No-Fly" Database
Dec 02, 2013 -
Animating Noam Chomsky: French Director Michel Gondry on New Film "Is the Man Who is Tall Happy?"
Dec 03, 2013 -
Over 110 Arrested as Record Black Friday Protests Challenge Wal-Mart, Major Retailers on Low Wages
Dec 02, 2013 -
Ebony and Ivy: The Secret History of How Slavery Helped Build America's Elite Colleges
Nov 29, 2013


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London Pass BlogBack to Blog
Kew Bridge Steam Museum launches Festival of Models
Published: Tuesday 28th of October 2008
Kew Bridge Steam Museum has launched a new attraction: the Festival of Models.
On show will be models of all shapes and sizes, representing the best the model-making world has to offer. The show is divided into two distinct areas, and will include miniature of fairground rides and steam engines.
Promising to be a great day out for the whole family, model enthusiasts will find no shortage of experts on hand to answer their questions, as well as pool demonstrating the latest in model boat technology and demonstrations.
The more hands-on among fans will be able to participate in 'have-a-go' sessions, experiencing models they might never have otherwise had the chance to see.
Among the attractions will be a nine-foot rendering of HMS Anson, a G3 battlecruiser and a Meccano replica of the Medway Queen, the only paddle cruiser still in operation in London.
Kew Bridge Steam Museum is situated by Kew Bridge on the River Thames in West London, and the original pumping station on the site was opened in 1838 by the Grand Junction Waterworks company.
LondonPass holders benefit from free entry to the museum, a saving of £8.50.
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Follow The London Pass blog to learn about the latest news with attractions, sights and sightseeing events in the city. As well as useful tips, hints and advice for visitors to the city and how to make the most of your sightseeing time in London. We hope you enjoy…
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Monday 18th of November 2013
There are plenty of things to see and do in London this winter and boroughs all across the city are...
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American football will this month be taking centre-stage at Wembley stadium - one of London's...
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Monday 30th of September 2013
If you have ever wondered what it was like to climb a staircase to heaven, then come on over to London...
Visit Wembley for a sporting buzz
Wednesday 25th of September 2013
There's an exciting buzz around London at the moment.
As football matches set the...
Tower of London has a rich and varied history
Thursday 19th of September 2013
The Tower of London has always played a special part in British culture. It is one of the city's...
Take a nap..at Hampton Court Palace
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Fancy a sleepover at Hampton Court Palace? If you have ever relished the thought of staying at one...
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Experience the beauty of London from the Thames
Monday 9th of September 2013
There is nothing quite like cruising along the river on a bright autumn morning, taking in the sunshine...


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Extended: Need a last minute gift? Get 20% off gift certificates. Use code nickoftime
"High-fiving a million angels" – Liz Lemon (30 Rock)
30 rock, liz lemon, tina fey, high fiving a million angels, tv
I bought this as a hoddie and I love it ! also I love a lot of your designs, I have like 3 already !
That's awesome, alemend! Thank you. :)
– juhsuedde
– juhsuedde