text:
Chapter 6. Evolution of the Brain and Behavior
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By Susan Milius After death, male guppies can keep on siring offspring because females store sperm for so long. As a result, a living male in a stream in Trinidad can end up competing with long-gone fish from his grandfather's generation. At its most posthumously successful, stored ghost sperm sired about one in four of the offspring among wild guppies released into a stream, evolutionary biologist Andrés López-Sepulcre of École Normale Supérieure in Paris and his colleagues report June 5 in Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Biologists have long known that female Poecilia reticulata guppies store sperm. The cells clump in little pockets in a female's ovarian cavity and feed on sugars released by ovarian tissue. Storage in itself isn't unusual, López-Sepulcre says. Some crabs, turtles, lizards, bats and other creatures preserve sperm for later use. Posthumous reproduction by stored sperm also isn't unheard of. "The fun part of our study," López-Sepulcre says, "is that you have males who are alive and males who are dead competing with each other." Researchers deployed guppies in several streams as part of a study on evolutionary change. Every month researchers catch, check and release as many fish as possible to track deaths and births. They also genetically analyze parenthood of the fish. Female guppies give live birth to broods of two to about 10 youngsters, with not all sired by the same male. Females live about 15 months; males about three. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2013
Keyword: Sexual Behavior; Aggression
Link ID: 18230 - Posted: 06.05.2013
By Rachel Ehrenberg The salad days of human evolution saw a dietary shift toward grasses and probably grass-fed animals, analyses of more than 100 fossilized teeth from eight species of ancient hominids indicate. "These changes in diet have been predicted," says paleoanthropologist Richard Klein of Stanford University. "But it's very nice to have some data, and these data support it very strongly." Changes in the size and shape of jaws and teeth in both ancient hominids and their ape relatives point to changes in diet. The new study adds to these lines of anatomical evidence chemical analyses that look at different forms of carbon in the fossilized teeth. The ratio of two types of carbon in tooth enamel reflects diet, says geochemist Thure Cerling of the University of Utah, who spent weeks in a vault in the National Museum of Kenya collecting milligram-sized samples of tooth enamel for the analyses. Grasses, grasslike sedges and many other plants in hot, arid environments have evolved a trick that helps prevent water loss. The metabolic adjustment results in taking up more of a heavier form of carbon, known as carbon-13, than most trees and shrubs do. The tooth studies, which cover more than 3 million years and include specimens from southern, eastern and central Africa, found greater quantities of this heavier carbon in hominids that are closer to humans on the evolutionary tree. This pattern suggests that, compared with humans' more ancient relatives, recent ones were eating more grass or more grass-feeding animals, like zebras. The analyses appear June 3 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2013
Keyword: Evolution; Aggression
Link ID: 18224 - Posted: 06.04.2013
By Susan Milius Cockroaches that don't fall for traps' sweet poisons have evolved taste cells that register sugar as bitter. In certain groups of the widespread German cockroach (Blattella germanica), nerve cells that normally detect bitter, potentially toxic compounds now also respond to glucose, says entomologist Coby Schal of North Carolina State University in Raleigh. The "bitter" reaction suppresses the "sweet" response from other nerve cells, and the roach stops eating, Schal and his colleagues report in the May 24 Science. Normally roaches love sugar. But with these populations, a dab of jelly with glucose in it makes them "jump back," Schal says. "The response is: 'Yuck! Terrible!'" This quirk of roach taste explains why glucose-baited poison traps stopped working among certain roaches, Schal says. Such bait traps combining a pesticide with something delicious became popular during the mid-1980s. But in 1993, Jules Silverman, also a coauthor on the new paper, reported roaches avoiding these once-appealing baits. "This is a fascinating piece of work because it shows how quickly, and how simply, the sense of taste can evolve," says neurobiologist Richard Benton of the University of Lausanne in Switzerland. What pest-control manufacturers put in their roach baits now, and whether some still use glucose, isn't public, Schal says. But humankind's arms race with cockroaches could have started long ago, "in the caves," he says. In this back-and-forth struggle, it's important "to understand what the cockroach is doing from a molecular basis." © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2013
Keyword: Chemical Senses (Smell & Taste); Aggression
Link ID: 18193 - Posted: 05.25.2013
By JOHN NOBLE WILFORD Modern mothers love to debate how long to breast-feed, a topic that stirs both guilt and pride. Now — in a very preliminary finding — the Neanderthals are weighing in. By looking at barium levels in the fossilized molar of a Neanderthal child, researchers concluded that the child had been breast-fed exclusively for the first seven months, followed by seven months of mother's milk supplemented by other food. Then the barium pattern in the tooth enamel "returned to baseline prenatal levels, indicating an abrupt cessation of breast-feeding at 1.2 years of age," the scientists reported on Wednesday in the journal Nature. While that timetable conforms with the current recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics — which suggests that mothers exclusively breast-feed babies for six months and continue for 12 months if possible — it represents a much shorter span of breast-feeding than practiced by apes or a vast majority of modern humans. The average age of weaning in nonindustrial populations is about 2.5 years; in chimpanzees in the wild, it is about 5.3 years. Of course, living conditions were much different for our evolutionary cousins, the Neanderthals, extinct for the last 30,000 years. The findings, which drew strong skepticism from some scientists, were meant to highlight a method of linking barium levels in teeth to dietary changes. In the Nature report, researchers from the United States and Australia described tests among human infants and captive macaques showing that traces of the element barium in tooth enamel appeared to accurately reflect transitions from mother's milk through weaning. The barium levels rose during breast-feeding and fell off sharply on weaning. © 2013 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Development of the Brain; Aggression
Link ID: 18187 - Posted: 05.23.2013
By Bruce Bower Chaser isn't just a 9-year-old border collie with her breed's boundless energy, intense focus and love of herding virtually anything. She's a grammar hound. In experiments directed by her owner, psychologist John Pilley of Wofford College in Spartanburg, S.C., Chaser demonstrated her grasp of the basic elements of grammar by responding correctly to commands such as "to ball take Frisbee" and its reverse, "to Frisbee take ball." The dog had previous, extensive training to recognize classes of words including nouns, verbs and prepositions. "Chaser intuitively discovered how to comprehend sentences based on lots of background learning about different types of words," Pilley says. He reports the results May 13 in Learning and Motivation. Throughout the first three years of Chaser's life, Pilley and a colleague trained the dog to recognize and fetch more than 1,000 objects by name. Using praise and play as reinforcements, the researchers also taught Chaser the meaning of different types of words, such as verbs and prepositions. As a result, Chaser learned that phrases such as "to Frisbee" meant that she should take whatever was in her mouth to the named object. Exactly how the dog gained her command of grammar is unclear, however. Pilley suspects that Chaser first mentally linked each of two nouns she heard in a sentence to objects in her memory. Then the canine held that information in mind while deciding which of two objects to bring to which of two other objects. Pilley's work follows controversial studies of grammar understanding in dolphins and a pygmy chimp. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2013
Keyword: Language; Aggression
Link ID: 18184 - Posted: 05.22.2013
By CARL ZIMMER Imagine a wolf catching a Frisbee a dozen times in a row, or leading police officers to a stash of cocaine, or just sleeping peacefully next to you on your couch. It's a stretch, to say the least. Dogs may have evolved from wolves, but the minds of the two canines are profoundly different. Dog brains, as I wrote last month in The New York Times, have become exquisitely tuned to our own. Scientists are now zeroing in on some of the genes that were crucial to the rewiring of dog brains. Their results are fascinating, and not only because they can help us understand how dogs turned into man's best friend. They may also teach us something about the evolution of our own brains: Some of the genes that evolved in dogs are the same ones that evolved in us. To trace the change in dog brains, scientists have first had to work out how dog breeds are related to one another, and how they're all related to wolves. Ya-Ping Zhang, a geneticist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has led an international network of scientists who have compared pieces of DNA from different canines. They've come to the conclusion that wolves started their transformation into dogs in East Asia. Those early dogs then spread to other parts of the world. Many of the breeds we're most familiar with, like German shepherds and golden retrievers, emerged only in the past few centuries. © 2013 The New York Times Company
Keyword: Aggression; Aggression
Link ID: 18166 - Posted: 05.18.2013
by Michael Balter From the human perspective, few events in evolution were more momentous than the split among primates that led to apes (large, tailless primates such as today's gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans) and Old World monkeys (which today include baboons and macaques). DNA studies of living primates have estimated that the rift took place between 25 million and 30 million years ago, but the earliest known fossils of both groups date no earlier than 20 million years ago. Now, a team working in Tanzania has found teeth and partial jaws from what it thinks are 25-million-year-old ancestors of both groups. If the interpretations hold up, the finds would reconcile the molecular and fossil evidence and possibly provide insights into what led to the split in the first place. Researchers have long been frustrated by a paucity of fossils from this key period in evolution, which sits at the borderline between two major geological epochs: the Miocene (about 23 million to 5 million years ago) and the Oligocene (about 34 million to 23 million years ago). The earliest known fossils of early apes and Old World monkeys date from the early Miocene and have been found in just a handful of sites in Kenya, Uganda, and North Africa. Meanwhile, molecular studies of existing primates consistently suggest that these two groups arose during the Oligocene, leading scientists to wonder whether the molecular dates are wrong or if paleontologists have been looking in the wrong places. For more than a decade, researchers from the United States and Tanzania have been combing Tanzania's Rukwa Rift Basin, searching for fossils of all kinds. During the 2011 and 2012 seasons, a team led by Nancy Stevens, a vertebrate paleontologist at Ohio University in Athens, discovered fossils that it identified as belonging to two previously unknown species of primates: one, an apparent ape ancestor the team has named Rukwapithecus fleaglei; the other, a claimed Old World monkey ancestor dubbed Nsungwepithecus gunnelli. © 2010 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Keyword: Evolution
Link ID: 18163 - Posted: 05.16.2013
By Jason G. Goldman There is a rich tradition in psychology and neuroscience of using animals as models for understanding humans. Humans, after all, are enormously complicated creatures to begin even from a strictly biological perspective. Tacking on the messiness that comes with culture makes the study of the human mind tricky, at best. So, just as biomedical scientists have relied upon the humble mouse, psychological and cognitive scientists have too turned to our evolutionary cousins in the animal kingdom as a means of better understanding ourselves. In her new book Animal Wise, journalist Virginia Morrell recounts a conversation with one researcher who pointed out that decades of research were built upon "rats, pigeons, and college sophomores, preferably male." The college undergrads stood in for all of humanity, the rats served as representatives of all other mammals, and pigeons served as a model for the rest of the animal kingdom. The silly part isn't that non-human animals can be used effectively as a means of understanding more about our own species. The idea is simple: understand how a simple system works, and you can make careful inferences about the way that complex systems work. That is (or should be) obvious. In his interview with CNN today, memory research pioneer and Nobel Prize winner Eric Kandel said as much: "Rather than studying the most complex form of memory in a very complicated animal, we had to take the most simple form — an implicit form of memory — in a very simple animal." © 2013 Scientific American
Keyword: Learning & Memory; Aggression
Link ID: 18161 - Posted: 05.16.2013
Zoe Cormier A study of two ancient hominins from South Africa suggests that changes in the shape and size of the middle ear occurred early in our evolution. Such alterations could have profoundly changed what our ancestors could hear — and perhaps how they could communicate. Palaeoanthropologist Rolf Quam of Binghamton University in New York state and his colleagues recovered and analysed a complete set of the three tiny middle-ear bones, or ossicles, from a 1.8-million-year-old specimen of Paranthropus robustus and an incomplete set of ossicles from Australopithecus africanus, which lived from about 3.3 million to around 2.1 million years ago. The ossicles are the smallest bones in the human body, and are rarely preserved intact in hominin fossils, Quam says. In both specimens, the team found that the malleus (the first in the chain of the three middle-ear bones) was human-like — smaller in proportion compared to the ones in our ape relatives. Its size would also imply a smaller eardrum. The similarity between the two species points to a "deep and ancient origin" of this feature, Quam says. "This could be like bipedalism: a defining characteristic of hominins." It is hard to draw conclusions about hearing just from the shape of the middle-ear bones because the process involves so many different ear structures, as well as the brain itself. However, some studies have shown that the relative sizes of the middle-ear bones do affect what primates can hear2. Genomic comparisons with gorillas have indicated that changes in the genes that code for these structures might also demarcate humans from apes3. © 2013 Nature Publishing Group
Keyword: Hearing; Aggression
Link ID: 18151 - Posted: 05.14.2013
by Michael Balter Researchers debate when language first evolved, but one thing is sure: Language requires us not only to talk but also to listen. A team of scientists now reports recovering the earliest known complete set of the three tiny middle ear bones—the malleus ("hammer"), incus ("anvil"), and stapes ("stirrup")—in a 2.0-million-year-old skull of Paranthropus robustus, a distant human relative found in South Africa (see photo). Reporting online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers found that the malleus of P. robustus, as well one found earlier in the early human relative Australopithecus africanus, is similar to that of modern humans, whereas the two other ear bones most closely resemble existing African and Asian great apes. The team is not entirely sure what this precocious appearance of a human-like malleus means. But since the malleus is attached directly to the eardrum, the researchers suggest that it might be an early sign of the high human sensitivity to middle-range acoustic frequencies between 2 and 4 kilohertz—frequencies critical to spoken language, but which apes and other primates are much less sensitive to. © 2010 American Association for the Advancement of Science
Keyword: Hearing; Aggression
Link ID: 18150 - Posted: 05.14.2013
Ed Yong Many moths have evolved sensitive hearing that can pick up the ultrasonic probes of bats that want to eat them. But one species comes pre-adapted for anything that bats might bring to this evolutionary arms race. Even though its ears are extremely simple — a pair of eardrums on its flanks that each vibrate four receptor cells — it can sense frequencies up to 300 kilohertz, well beyond the range of any other animal and higher than any bat can squeak. "A lot of previous work has suggested that some bats have evolved calls that are out of the hearing range of the moths they are hunting. But this moth can hear the calls of any bat," says James Windmill, an acoustical engineer at the University of Strathclyde, UK, who discovered the ability in the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella). His study is published in Biology Letters1. Windmill's collaborator Hannah Moir, a bioacoustician now at the University of Leeds, UK, played sounds of varying frequencies to immobilized wax moths. As the insects "listened", Moir used a laser to measure the vibrations of their eardrums, and electrodes to record the activity of their auditory nerves. The moths were most sensitive to frequencies of around 80 kilohertz, the average frequency of their courtship calls. But when exposed to 300 kilohertz, the highest level that the team tested, the insects' eardrums still vibrated and their neurons still fired. © 2013 Nature Publishing Group
Keyword: Hearing; Aggression
Link ID: 18137 - Posted: 05.09.2013
by Elizabeth Norton If you've ever cringed when your parents said "groovy," you'll know that spoken language can have a brief shelf life. But frequently used words can persist for generations, even millennia, and similar sounds and meanings often turn up in very different languages. The existence of these shared words, or cognates, has led some linguists to suggest that seemingly unrelated language families can be traced back to a common ancestor. Now, a new statistical approach suggests that peoples from Alaska to Europe may share a linguistic forebear dating as far back as the end of the Ice Age, about 15,000 years ago. "Historical linguists study language evolution using cognates the way biologists use genes," explains Mark Pagel, an evolutionary theorist at the University of Reading in the United Kingdom. For example, although about 50% of French and English words derive from a common ancestor (like "mere" and "mother," for example), with English and German the rate is closer to 70%—indicating that while all three languages are related, English and German have a more recent common ancestor. In the same vein, while humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas have common genes, the fact that humans share almost 99% of their DNA with chimps suggests that these two primate lineages split apart more recently. Because words don't have DNA, researchers use cognates found in different languages today to reconstruct the ancestral "protowords." Historical linguists have observed that over time, the sounds of words tend to change in regular patterns. For example, the p sound frequently changes to f, and the t sound to th—suggesting that the Latin word pater is, well, the father of the English word father. Linguists use these known rules to work backward in time, making a best guess at how the protoword sounded. They also track the rate at which words change. Using these phylogenetic principles, some researchers have dated many common words as far back as 9000 years ago. The ancestral language known as Proto-Indo-European, for example, gave rise to languages including Hindi, Russian, French, English, and Gaelic. © 2010 American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Keyword: Language; Aggression
Link ID: 18130 - Posted: 05.07.2013
Symmetry study deemed a fraud Eugenie Samuel Reich Few researchers have tried harder than Robert Trivers to retract one of their own papers. In 2005, Trivers, an evolutionary biologist at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, published an attention-grabbing finding: Jamaican teenagers with a high degree of body symmetry were more likely to be rated 'good dancers' by their peers than were those with less symmetrical bodies. The study, which suggested that dancing is a signal for sexual selection in humans, was featured on the cover of this journal (W. M. Brown et al. Nature 438, 1148–1150; 2005). But two years later, Trivers began to suspect that the study data had been faked by one of his co-authors, William Brown, a postdoctoral researcher at the time. In seeking a retraction, Trivers self-published The Anatomy of a Fraud, a small book detailing what he saw as evidence of data fabrication. Later, Trivers had a verbal altercation over the matter with a close colleague and was temporarily banned from campus. An investigation of the case, completed by Rutgers and released publicly last month, now seems to validate Trivers' allegations. Brown disputes the university's finding, but it could help to clear the controversy that has clouded Trivers' reputation as the author of several pioneering papers in the 1970s. For example, Trivers advanced an influential theory of 'reciprocal altruism', in which people behave unselfishly and hope that they will later be rewarded for their good deeds. He also analysed human sexuality in terms of the investments that mothers and fathers each make in child-rearing. © 2013 Nature Publishing Group
Keyword: Sexual Behavior; Aggression
Link ID: 18114 - Posted: 05.04.2013
By Bruce Bower Human ancestors living in East Africa 2 million years ago weren't a steak-and-potatoes crowd. But they had a serious hankering for gazelle meat and antelope brains, fossils discovered in Kenya indicate. Three sets of butchered animal bones unearthed at Kenya's Kanjera South site provide the earliest evidence of both long-term hunting and targeted scavenging by a member of the human evolutionary family, anthropologist Joseph Ferraro of Baylor University in Waco, Texas, and his colleagues conclude. An early member of the Homo genus, perhaps Homo erectus, hunted small animals and scavenged predators' leftovers of larger creatures, researchers report April 25 in PLOS ONE. Along with hunting relatively small game such as gazelles, these hominids scavenged the heads of antelope and wildebeests, apparently to add a side of fatty, nutrient-rich brain tissue to their diets, the scientists say. Those dietary pursuits could have provided the extra energy Homo erectus needed to support large bodies, expanded brains and extensive travel across the landscape, Ferraro says. A few East African sites dating to as early as 3.4 million years ago had previously produced small numbers of animal bones bearing butchery marks made by stone tools. Scientists think those bones indicate occasional meat eating (SN: 9/11/10, p. 8). Now Kanjera South has yielded several thousand complete and partial animal bones, representing at least 81 individual animals. A known reversal of Earth's magnetic field preserved in an excavated soil layer allowed Ferraro's team to determine the age of the finds, which accumulated over a few thousand years at most. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2013
Keyword: Evolution; Aggression
Link ID: 18113 - Posted: 05.04.2013
Karen Ravn Birds of a feather may flock together, but do birds that flock together develop distinct cultures? Two studies published today in Science1, 2 find strong evidence that, at the very least, monkeys that troop together and whales that pod together do just that. And they manage it in the same way that humans do: by copying and learning from each other. A team led by Erica van de Waal, a primate psychologist at the University of St Andrews, UK, created two distinct cultures — 'blue' and 'pink' — among groups of wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) in South Africa1. The researchers trained two sets of monkeys to eat maize (corn) dyed one of those two colours but eschew maize dyed the other colour. The scientists then waited to see how the groups behaved when newcomers — babies and migrating males — arrived. Both sets of newcomers seemed to follow social cues when selecting their snacks. Baby monkeys ate the same colour maize as their mothers. Seven of the ten males that migrated from one colour culture to another adopted the local colour preference the first time that they ate any maize. The trend was even stronger when they first fed with no higher-ranking monkey around, with nine of the ten males choosing the locally preferred variety. The only immigrant to buck this trend was a monkey who assumed the top rank in his new group as soon as he got there — and he may not have given a fig what anyone else ate. "The take-home message is that social learning — learning from others rather than through individual trial and error — is a more potent force in shaping wild animals' behaviour than has been recognized so far," says Andrew Whiten, an evolutionary and developmental psychologist at St Andrews and co-author of the paper. © 2013 Nature Publishing Group
Keyword: Learning & Memory; Aggression
Link ID: 18079 - Posted: 04.27.2013
Posted by Christy Ullrich Elephants may use a variety of subtle movements and gestures to communicate with one another, according to researchers who have studied the big mammals in the wild for decades. To the casual human observer, a curl of the trunk, a step backward, or a fold of the ear may not have meaning. But to an elephant—and scientists like Joyce Poole—these are signals that convey vital information to individual elephants and the overall herd. Biologist and conservationist Joyce Poole and her husband, Petter Granli, both of whom direct ElephantVoices, a charity they founded to research and advocate for conservation of elephants in various sanctuaries in Africa, have developed an online database decoding hundreds of distinct elephant signals and gestures. The postures and movements underscore the sophistication of elephant communication, they say. Poole and Granli have also deciphered the meaning of acoustic communication in elephants, interpreting the different rumbling, roaring, screaming, trumpeting, and other idiosyncratic sounds that elephants make in concert with postures such as the positioning and flapping of their ears. Poole has studied elephants in Africa for more than 37 years, but only began developing the online gestures database in the past decade. Some of her research and conservation work has been funded by the National Geographic Society. "I noticed that when I would take out guests visiting Amboseli [National Park in Kenya] and was narrating the elephants' behavior, I got to the point where 90 percent of the time, I could predict what the elephant was about to do," Poole said in an interview. "If they stood a certain way, they were afraid and were about to retreat, or [in another way] they were angry and were about to move toward and threaten another." © 1996-2012 National Geographic Society.
Keyword: Language; Aggression
Link ID: 18078 - Posted: 04.27.2013
By Scicurious Generally, I don't think of being tickled as a particularly pleasurable or calming activity. Most people who are ticklish go immediately on the defensive and tense up, and I always got the impression that most people prefer NOT to be tickled rather than otherwise. However, that's just us. And we're not rats. And it turns out, you can calm a rat with tickling. Life is stressful. Whether it's running from predators, meeting tight deadlines, or trying to keep fed, there's a lot that seems to bring us down. What saves us from tearing our hair out? Well, the happy things in life. Tasty food, friends, hugs, puppies. You know, the good stuff. These things elicit positive feeling, and positive feeling have been linked to protecting us from stress. Of course, in humans, it's easy to say that a positive outlook on life makes someone resistant to stress…but is it really true? They may co-occur, but do positive feelings really decrease stress? If you want to get at causes, one of the best ways is to use an animal model. But how do you come up with an animal model for…happiness? Well, you can tickle rats. As you can see in the video above, rats like to be tickled. They even respond with "laughter"! Of course, it's not laughter as we know it, or even something we can hear. Instead, these are ultrasonic vocalizations at a specific frequency (50 kilohertz). Scientists figured they must be pleasure-sounds because rats make them when they play with other rats. And it turns out that rats make the same noise at the same frequency when they get tickled! © 2013 Scientific American
Keyword: Emotions; Aggression
Link ID: 18065 - Posted: 04.23.2013
By Kate Wong Odds are you carry DNA from a Neandertal, Denisovan or some other archaic human. Just a few years ago such a statement would have been virtually unthinkable. For decades evidence from genetics seemed to support the theory that anatomically modern humans arose as a new species in a single locale in Africa and subsequently spread out from there, replacing archaic humans throughout the Old World without mating with them. But in recent years geneticists have determined that, contrary to that conventional view, anatomically modern Homo sapiens did in fact interbreed with archaic humans, and that their DNA persists in people today. In the May issue of Scientific American, Michael Hammer of the University of Arizona in Tucson examines the latest genetic findings and explores the possibility that DNA from these extinct relatives helped H. sapiens become the wildly successful species it is today. As Scientific American's anthropology editor, I have an enduring interest in the rise of H. sapiens; and as longtime readers of this blog may know, I'm fascinated (you might even say obsessed) with Neandertals. So naturally I've been keen to find out how much, if any, Neandertal DNA I have in my own genome. Several consumer genetic testing companies now test for Neandertal genetic markers as part of their broader ancestry analysis, and after 23andMe lowered the price of their kit to $99 in December, I decided to take the plunge. As it happens, National Geographic's Genographic Project had recently updated their own genetic test to look for Neandertal DNA, and they sent me a kit (retail price: $299) for editorial review, much as publishers do with new books. And so it was on a chilly Saturday in late January that I found myself spitting into a test tube for 23andMe and swabbing my cheek for the Genographic Project. © 2013 Scientific American
Keyword: Evolution; Aggression
Link ID: 18057 - Posted: 04.23.2013
By Susan Milius Zola the crow is about to face a test that has baffled animals from canaries to dogs. She's a wild New Caledonian crow, and for the first time, she's seeing a tidbit of meat dangling on a long string tied to a stick. She perches on the stick, bends down, grabs the string with her beak and pulls. But the string is too long. The meat still hangs out of reach. In similar tests, dogs, pigeons and many other species routinely falter. Some nibble at the string or keep tugging and dropping the same segment. Some pull at a string that's not connected to food just as readily as a string that is. Eventually many get the hang of reeling in the tidbit, but they seem to learn by trial and error. Zola, however, does not fumble. On her first attempt, she anchors the first length of string by stepping on it and immediately bends down again for the next segment. With several more pulls and steps, Zola reels in the treat. Watching the crow, says Russell Gray, one of the researchers behind the string-pulling experiment, "people say, 'Wow, it had a flash of insight.' " At first glance it seems Zola mentally worked through the problem as a human might, devising a solution in an aha moment. But Gray, of the University of Auckland in New Zealand, has had enough of such supposed animal geniuses. Asking whether the crow solves problems in the same way a human would isn't a useful question, he says. He warns of a roller coaster that scientists and animal lovers alike can get stuck on: first getting excited and romanticizing a clever animal's accomplishments, then crashing into disappointment when some killjoy comes up with a mundane explanation that's not humanlike at all. © Society for Science & the Public 2000 - 2013
Keyword: Intelligence; Aggression
Link ID: 18051 - Posted: 04.20.2013
Sid Perkins The two-million-year-old remains of a novel hominin discovered in August 2008 are an odd blend of features seen both in early humans and in the australopithecines presumed to have preceded them. A battery of six studies1–6 published today in Science scrutinizes the fossils of Australopithecus sediba from head to heel and yields unprecedented insight into how the creature walked, chewed and moved. Together, the studies suggest that this hominin was close to the family tree of early humans — although it remains controversial whether it was one of our direct ancestors. "We see evolution in action across this skeleton," says Lee Berger, a palaeoanthropologist at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. For instance, whereas the creature's arms are ape-like, its hands and wrists are remarkably like those of humans. And although the hominin's pelvis is shaped like a modern human's, its torso included a narrow upper rib cage like those found in apes. One of the six studies focused on Au. sediba's teeth1, comparing 22 different aspects across hundreds of teeth from several other species of australopithecines and thousands of early human teeth. Tooth similarities among the species are more likely to signify common ancestry than independent evolution towards a beneficial design, says Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg, an anthropologist at Ohio State University in Columbus. That's because most of the characteristics the team chose to study, such as the subtle curvature of a portion of the tooth's surface, are not likely to be evolutionarily useful. © 2013 Nature Publishing Group
Keyword: Evolution
Link ID: 18027 - Posted: 04.13.2013


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KDE's Calligra KOffice Fork Sees Its First Release
Posted by
Michael Larabel
on 11 April 2012 09:56 PM EDT
Back in 2010 there was
the fork of KDE's KOffice
to form what would be called the Calligra Suite, following unresolved disputes among KOffice developers. After being in development for quite some time, the Calligra developers have today made their first release: Calligra 2.4.
news announcement
describes the software project as, "Calligra is an integrated suite of applications that cover office, creative and management needs. It's the most comprehensive free suite of applications anywhere and we expect the number of applications to grow as the project matures. Calligra offers its applications on both desktop computers and mobile platforms like tablets and smartphones."
Calligra 2.4 is composed of Calligra Words (a word processor), Calligra Sheets (a spreadsheet program), Calligra Stage (a presentation program), Calligra Flow (diagrams and flowcharts), Kexi (visual database creator), and Braindump (note taking). Outside of these office applications, also making up Calligra is Krita (drawing) and Karbon (vector graphics) for graphics programs already known to KDE users. There's also a Calligra Plan program for project management.
This first release is shipping with two mobile flavors: a Calligra Mobile user-interface targeting the defunct Nokia N900 smart-phone and as Calligra Active, which is designed for the Plasma Active tablet environments.
For more details on Calligra 2.4, visit
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Emancipation Proclamation on display in Syracuse
Emancipation Proclamation on display in Syracuse
Emancipation Proclamation to be on display this week.
Print Story
Published: 9/26/2012 5:34 pm
Updated: 9/27/2012 9:06 pm
Syracuse (WSYR-TV) – A critical piece of American history spent the day in Syracuse Thursday. Abraham Lincoln's preliminary Emancipation Proclamation is on display at the Oncenter.
A huge crowd of people stopped by to get a brush with history.
Teachers and students took advantage of this rare opportunity - a chance to see firsthand a document from a critical moment in history, with the country at a crossroads, when the president set a date for freeing slaves in 11 southern confederacy states.
Also part of the exhibit is the original speech given by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1962 to mark the document's centennial.
The display was scheduled to move to Buffalo on Friday.
Emancipation Proclamation to be on display this week.
Wednesday, September, 27, 2012
Syracuse (WSYR-TV) -- You'll have a very rare chance to see one of the most important points of American History Thursday at the OnCenter. The preliminary Emancipation Proclamation that set a date for freeing slaves in 11 southern confederacy states will be on display for one day only this week.
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued 150 years ago on September 22, 1862. It took effect several months later on January 1, 1863.
The document, along with a 1962 speech from Dr. Martin Luther King marking the Centennial will be on display, commemorating the 150th anniversary of the order.
Crews busily set up the ballroom of the OnCenter on Wednesday, in anticipation of the prized documents' arrival. When they arrived, the documents were carefully unloaded from their crates and gently set into a display case.
"It's both an honor and a privilege and just a daunting feeling when you have Abraham Lincoln's writing in your hands, you're responsible for it, but you get to see it, touch it and be near it, it's an awesome feeling," said Tom Ruller, with the NY State Museum.
"The official document was in Chicago and that burned up in the Chicago Fire, so this is the only document that represents the Emancipation Proclamation, which is written in Lincoln's own hand," explained Tom Hunter, with the Onondaga Historical Association.
It's the first time in 50 years that the document has ever been taken on tour. That same year, Dr. King commemorated it. The original manuscript of King's speech will also be on display. Lincoln's document – a military document – with a presumed smudge from the president's finger, pieces of print defining articles of war pasted onto the paper will be there for all to see and appreciate.
"He wanted a document that was strong because he wanted a military victory to back it up," Hunter said.
Both of the documents are very delicate, which is why they have tightly controlled the temperature and humidity of the room they'll be displayed in. As far as the lights, it'll be dimmer near the display cases in another effort to protect the documents.
"I think people can expect to be awestruck. I hope they will be. To see a document written by Abraham Lincoln with his edits, his corrections, his modifications, the thought process," Ruller said.
It's a window into one of the most critical periods of our nation's history.
Auburn native William Seward was part of the cabinet who heard Lincoln read the Emancipation Proclamation. Homer native Francis Bicknell Carpenter is credited with a very famous painting depicting the first reading. The documents will be on display from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. in the ballroom of the OnCenter on Thursday only. The display is free and open to the public.
This exhibit will travel to several other New York venues, including:
October 5-6: Burchfield Penny Art Center, Buffalo
October 15-16: Tilles Center for the Performing Arts at LIU Post and Greenvale
October 19: Plattsburgh State Art Museum, Plattsburgh
October 27-28: Rochester Museum and Science Center, Rochester
November 1: Roberson Museum and Science Center, Binghamton
November 9-10: New York State Museum, Albany
Copyright 2012 Newport Television LLC All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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You are currently viewing the beta version of the new AMM site. Click here to return to the current site.
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Will more metals companies discontinue health care coverage for their employees in light of the Affordable Care Act?
June 20-21, 2013 New York
This is day five of my job and I am listening and finding out what is going on. It won't take long. I am not one of these guys who does analysis paralysis, and I know we need to move fast.
--Sean Garber, ISA


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2do: Tasks
When you need your calendar to be more than just a list of events, 2do:Tasks is an app I especially found helpful. This app is designed like a personal planner that not only allows you to add events to your calendar, but integrates your impending tasksso deadlines won't sneak up on you. If you have an iPad, this app is a two-for-one, syncing seamlessly across devices. $10 - Also available for Android
Runner Up: Fantastical
Quick mention for Fantastical, a quirky calendar app that creates events based on a small blurb. For example "Lunch, Saturday at 2pm with Susan" creates an event for the nearest Saturday for 2pm with the person and reason in the title. It's a clever little app that makes a mundane task a little more fun. $4
A great app for a great price (free!), Jorte is a highly customizable personal calendar app offering a great deal of options for planning/scheduling. Jorte caters more to the individual and doesn't look as daunting or sterile as common calendar apps usually do. It's quirky, fun. and advisable for people who just want to organise their lives quickly. Can't go wrong for that price either. Free
Business Calendar
Aimed at the professional user, Business Calendar is a top pick for Android users. I personally love the grandeur widget that displays either a daily, weekly, or monthly calendar on a home screen page, making it always accessible. Other than the standard event management features, what does Business Calendar offer? More frequent events can be added with ease, events can be dragged and dropped, and the multiple themes make this an app that pays for itself rather quickly in the productivity department. $5
Windows Phone
Calendar[+] is THE calendar app for your Windows Phone. It's versatile, fast, easy to add events, has room for multiple accounts, and overall feels the most solid. Events can be pinned to the home screen as a constant reminder or filter certain appointments off the calendar. Best of all, it doesn't cost a penny. Free
Beautiful Calendar
For a more robust all-in-one calendar, Beautiful Calendar offers event creation and management as well as notes and taskmaster functionality. When it comes to the calendar itself, the app's gradient UI is fashionably functional and certainly lives up to the name. The modern color scheme isn't just for looks, offering special options to mark down birthdays, anniversaries, and holidays. Free
(Image: Jason Rodway; others as linked above)


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Drunk Monkeys Stealing Booze Don't leave your drink unattended at this beach because its filled with a bunch of alcoholic monkeys. 2/24/2012 12:00:00 AM 42,608
Guy Chugs 160 Proof Alcohol This idiot enjoys what is probably his last drink ever... 6/8/2012 12:00:00 AM 26,410
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Awesome Beer Filling System Every bar and stadium should have this beer filling system. You can crank out the cups of beer extremely fast. No more lines!!! 12/27/2010 12:00:00 AM 40,150
A Guy Walks Into a Bar - Magic Apples This bartender is serving up magic apples. What flavor apple would you want? 6/11/2012 12:00:00 AM 181,456
Epic Beer Pong Shots Out of all the videos on the web of people showing off their Beer Pong skills I would have to say this is by far the best! 7/7/2009 12:00:00 AM 97,711


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British Gas promotes Will Orr
By Matthew Chapman, marketingmagazine.co.uk, Tuesday, 09 October 2012 08:00AM
British Gas has promoted its director of marketing and insight, Will Orr, to the role of commercial director, which has been vacant since Rick Vlemmiks' departure earlier this year.
Orr's responsibilities will encompass marketing and growing the value of the brand's customer base.
Last month British Gas backed a British Swimming Heroes Tour. The activity ran until 17 September and featured members of the TeamGB swimming, diving, synchro and water polo squads, who toured the country to teach youngsters the various aquatic disciplines.
This article was first published on marketingmagazine.co.uk
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Calculator - FREE
by lihonggang, Version: 1.0.1 , 60 KB Official Site
Package name: com.androiddown.mycalculator.name , Last Update: 2012-07-16 13:15:51
0 ratings (0.000 average)
500-1,000 downloads
A Simple Calculator
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Barack Obama Timeline
2010 Jan 13 |
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2010 Jan 19 |
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Senior presidential adviser David Axelrod said there would be a rethink on tactics but the substance of policy would not change.
Earlier Republican Scott Brown, who won the seat, said he...
2010 Jan 22 |
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2010 Jan 27 9:00PM
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_Urged the Senate to follow the House and pass a secon...
2010 Jan 29 |
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2010 Feb 3 |
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To be fair, the president and the senators discussed many other important issues, like the economy...
2010 Feb 22 |
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2010 Feb 25 |
President Obama Kicks Off Bipartisan Televised Health Care Debate
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2010 Mar 17 |
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The drive by House Democrats to pass major health care legislation gained momentum on Wednesday, as Representative Dennis Kucinich, Democrat of Ohio, announced that he would support the b...
2010 Mar 17 |
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2010 Mar 21 |
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2010 Mar 23 |
President Obama Signs the Affordable Health Care for America Act into Law
Summoned to success by President Barack Obama, the Democratic-controlled Congress approved historic legislation Sunday night extending health care to tens of millions of uninsured America...
2010 Apr 22 |
Lawyers for Rod Blagojevich Ask Federal Judge for Permission to Subpoena President Barack Obama as Witness in Federal Corruption Trial
Several parts are redacted, but you can easily copy and paste the entire motion into a text file and view all the redacted material. Oops on somebody's part: http://static.cbslocal.com/st...
2010 Apr 30 |
Judge Rejects Subpoena of President Obama in Rod Blagojevich Trial
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U.S. District Jud...
2010 May 2 |
President Obama Arrives in Louisiana to Assess Effects of Gulf Oil Spill
President Obama visited Louisiana this afternoon, seeing for himself the effects of the continuing oil spill and promising an "all-hands-on-deck" reaction, the Times-Picayune reports. "B...
2010 May 9 |
President Barack Obama Nominates Elena Kagan for Supreme Court Justice
On May 9, 2010, it was reported that President Obama had chosen Kagan as his nominee to succeed Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens. If confirmed by the Senate, Kagan would be the fir...
2010 May 14 |
President Obama Criticizes 'Ridiculous Spectacle' of Oil Executives Shifting Blame
President Obama ripped into the companies involved in the Gulf oil spill today, deriding their finger-pointing before Congress as a "ridiculous spectacle." He also promised to end a cozy...
2010 May 19 |
Scientists Criticize White House Response to Oil Spill
With heavy oil at last washing ashore in Louisiana, scientists are slamming the Obama administration for responding to the Deepwater Horizon spill too slowly, and not investigating enough...
2010 May 22 |
President Obama Names Senator Bob Graham and Former EPA Administrator William K. Reilly to Gulf Oil Spill Panel
President Obama announced today that former Florida Sen. Bob Graham and former EPA Administrator William K. Reilly will lead a presidential commission investigating the Gulf of Mexico oil...
2010 Jun 1 |
Attorney General Eric Holder Announces Criminal Investigation into Gulf Oil Spill
Attorney General Eric Holder said today that federal authorities have opened criminal and civil investigations into the Gulf oil spill. The developments were expected, and the Los Angeles...
2010 Jun 4 |
President Obama Arrives in New Orleans to Survey Response to Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Obama blasted BP for spending money on a PR campaign and said it's "way too early to be optimistic" about the latest attempt to contain the oil gushing from the floor of the Gulf. BP mana...
2010 Jun 7 |
Obama Administration States Intention to Allow Reopening of Shallow Gulf Drilling, Retain Moratorium on Deepwater Drilling
The Obama administration, facing rising anger on the Gulf Coast over the loss of jobs and income from a drilling moratorium, said Monday that it would move quickly to release new safety r...
2010 Jun 8 |
President Obama Makes Uncharacteristically Impassioned 'Whose Ass to Kick' Comment
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2010 Jun 8 |
President Obama Uses Primary Tuesday to Advocate on Behalf of Recently-Passed Healthcare Reform at Maryland Senior Center
Beginning to fill the doughnut hole (the weird gap between where regular Medicare Rx drug coverage ends and catastrophic coverage begins) is a gimme for an election year. Medicare Advanta...
2010 Jun 11 |
President Obama Accuses Congress of Hypocrisy in Criticism of Response to Gulf Oil Spill
President Barack Obama said Friday that some members of Congress are being hypocritical when it comes to blaming the White House for its handling of the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
2010 Jun 13 |
Obama to Demand Billions in Compensation from BP, According to Administration Officials
n his first-ever Oval Office speech tomorrow night, President Obama will demand that BP hand over billions of dollars to an independent mediator who will handle the claims of people and b...
2010 Jun 15 |
First Oval Office Speech by President Obama, Addresses Gulf Oil Spill
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2010 Jun 28 |
Judge in Rod Blagojevich Trial Denies Defense Motion to See President Obama's FBI Interview
"There's nothing remotely relevant to this witness's testimony." —Judge James Zagel
2010 Jun 30 |
Funder of Swift Boat Campaign Launches Site to Connect President Obama with Rod Blagojevich
Despite the harsh words, the Chicago News Cooperative reported Monday that Republican political operatives have launched a new site claiming that President Obama and embattled Blagojevich...
2010 Jul 2 |
Senator Robert Byrd's Memorial Service
Both President Obama and Vice President Biden will travel to West Virginia on Friday to attend the funeral of Sen. Robert Byrd.
The Memorial Service and Celebration of Life for the 92-...
2010 Jul 21 |
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act Is Signed Into Law
At 5:08 a.m. Friday morning, just before dawn on Capitol Hill and minutes before lawmakers were expected to make a historic agreement on new financial regulations, Rep. Paul Kanjorski (D....
2010 Sep 10 |
Barack Obama Holds Open News Conference with Focus on Economic Recovery
In his first press conference since May, President Obama assailed Republicans for opposing his economic agenda and spoke out passionately about Pastor Terry Jones' threat to burn Korans a...
2010 Oct 1 |
Rahm Emanuel Resigns As White House Chief Of Staff To Run For Mayor of Chicago
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2011 Feb 4 |
President Obama Urges Mubarak to Make "the Right Decision"
Embracing an Egyptian future without Hosni Mubarak, President Barack Obama on Friday pressed the embattled leader to consider his legacy and exit office in a way that would give his count...
2011 Feb 25 |
White House Announces New Sanctions on Libya
The White House announced new sanctions on Libya's government and temporarily abandoned its embassy in Tripoli today, as a final flight carrying American citizens departed from the war-ra...
2011 Feb 26 |
President Obama Calls for Gadhafi to Step Down
President Obama for the first time called for Moammar Gaddafi to resign Saturday, saying the Libyan leader "has lost the legitimacy to rule and needs to do what is right for his country b...
2011 Mar 3 |
President Obama Orders Planes Sent to Evacuate Libyan Refugees
"The US and the entire world continues to be outraged by the appalling violence against the Libyan people. Moammar Gadhafi has lost the legitimacy to lead, and he must leave." —President Obama
2011 Mar 28 |
President Obama's Libya Speech
With admirable concision and a minimum of bluster, he conveyed a strong sense of the complexity of the Libyan situation, a situation in which many of the moral and practical imperatives h...
2011 May 5 |
President Obama Honors Victims of September 11 Attacks
Four days after U.S. forces killed al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden, President Barack Obama visited New York City to pay tribute to those killed in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks...
2011 May 6 |
President Obama Pays Tribute to Special Forces Unit in bin Laden Raid
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2011 Jun 29 |
President Obama Addresses Debt Deadlock in News Conference
President Barack Obama today held a news conference at the White House in which he advocated myriad ways to reduce the deficit, including ending tax breaks for the wealthy, oil companies,...
2011 Aug 1 |
US House of Representatives Approves Raising of Debt Ceiling
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2011 Aug 3 |
President Obama Celebrates 50th Birthday in Chicago
President Barack Obama returned to his hometown this evening to raise some campaign cash and celebrate turning 50. Before addressing a party/fund-raiser at the Aragon Ballroom, Obama addr...
2011 Sep 8 |
President Obama Proposes $447 Billion Jobs Package
President Barack Obama on Thursday laid out his $447 billion economic plan before a joint session of Congress, saying that lawmakers should put the interests of the American people before...
2011 Oct 21 |
President Obama Announces Pullout of US Soldiers from Iraq
Barack Obama laid out an exit strategy yesterday for the U.S. withdraw from Iraq within 18 months, marking the beginning of the end of the most divisive American military conflict in a ge...
2011 Nov 17 |
Ortega-Hernandez Charged with Attempted Assassination
Oscar Ramiro Ortega-Hernandez, of Idaho Falls, Idaho, made his first court appearance before a federal magistrate in Pittsburgh on Thursday, one day after he was arrested at a western Pen...
2011 Dec 6 |
President Obama Echoes Teddy Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" in Populist Speech
President Obama called for Americans to get a "fair shot" at advancement to the middle class, deriding the "breathtaking greed of a few" and chastising Republicans who he said enabled them.
2011 Dec 15 |
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Details for Technology Resource Center Inc.
Details for Technology Resource Center Inc.
Company | Technology Resource Center Inc. |
HB500 Ranking | 349 |
Location | Santa Ana, CA |
CEO | Gabriel A. Chavez |
Type of Business | Engineering services, manpower resources |
Number of Employees | 45 |
Year Established | 1996 |
Revenue last year | $7.87M |
Sales figures appear as reported to Hispanic Business by authorized company representatives.
Many companies submitted financial statements. © 2013 Hispanic Business Inc.
Reprinting, copying, or transmitting all or part of this information requires written permission.


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- Status: 5 - Production/Stable ×
Showing page 6 of 40.
Clipper/Xbase compatible compiler Clipper/XBase compatible compiler with initial support other xBase dialects. Multitasking, OOP,SIX/Comix, SQL and ODBC drivers,a C-API for third-party developers, a few wrappers for popular libraries (such as BZIP, GZIP, GD, Crypto, and Fcgi), ....
29 weekly downloads -
Middlegen Middlegen is a free general-purpose database-driven code generation engine based on JDBC, Velocity, Ant and XDoclet. If you already have a database, you can use Middlegen to generate EJB (CMP 2.0), Hibernate, JDO and JSP/Struts source code.
29 weekly downloads -
SqlMetal Builder This tool provides User Interface for command-line tool SqlMetal which can generate code and mapping for the LINQ to SQL component of the .NET Framework.
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CUTE, Cooled Universal ASP Table Editor ODBC/Jet database editor, web interface based, intended for complete on-line management of Microsoft Access databases. CUTE tries to increase functionality and performance of Universal Table Editor by Tom Wellige, an ADO database editor.
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QueryCommander Sql editor, simular to the Microsoft Query Analyzer, in a Visual Studio type of enviroment. QueryCommander includes features like IntelliSense, automatic comment header, xml-documentation, xml2data etc. 100% of all donations go to Plan International.
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oratcl a tcl extension that provides an Oracle Call Interface layer to the tcl language.
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phpDHCPAdmin Manage your ISC DHCPD service
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simple swing database Simple swing database is a small platform indipendent database which stores records in a file format of csv.The program was for my friend,who wanted to have access to the data in a file format of CSV (utf8).Being able to search/edit/remove/add new record
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Not sure if you want to live in 11765? Use realtor.com® 11765 guide to help you make the right choice. Switch between tabs to get the latest real estate market information and trends in home prices, home values and rent prices, plus local school and city data all through our dynamic charts and maps. 11765 information on realtor.com® puts the local scoop on 11765 right in front of you so you can learn more about the lifestyle, population, household income, median home prices, and other valuable information online.
For Sale: 26 | New: N/A | ||
$3,942,100 | $1,595,607 | Recently Sold: 7 | Reduced: 14 |
Average Home Price | Average Sold Price | Property Records: 254 | Foreclosed: N/A |
The average home price in 11765 is $3,942,100, which is 147% higher than the average sold price in 11765, ($1,595,607). The average home price per square foot in 11765 is $555 and about 3% of all homes in 11765 sold in the last 6 months. For 11765 home values, real estate prices, and city market trends, research the 254 property records or search our 7 recently sold or 26 homes for sale listings.
Listing counts, 11765 home prices and home values in 11765 are sourced from listing and property data on realtor.com®, which is the most up-to-date and accurate aggregation of real estate listings in the industry and includes approximately 800 regional MLSs and is the official website of the National Association of Realtors®.514 | 47 | $142,856 |
Population | Median Age | Median Household Income |
Marital Status | Population |
Singles | 10 |
Married Couples | 63 |
Single Parents | 4 |
Married Couples with Kids | 62 |
Marital status represents the percent of residents in 11765 that are single, married, widowed and divorced. In 11765, 90% of people are married and 10% of people are single. The percent of people married is 1% higher than the ratio of Mill Neck, which is 89%. Marital data is sourced from Smartzip, 2013.


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- 400 N. State St., Near North
This beer-centric bar from the owners of Bull & Bear is twice as large as its sibling with a pubbier feel. This bar and grill will aim to please wandering touri... READ MORE
This beer-centric bar from the owners of Bull & Bear is twice as large as its sibling with a pubbier feel. This bar and grill will aim to please wandering touri... READ MORE
This South Loop burger eatery serves turkey, veggie and chicken burgers on brioche or pretzel buns. Choose from creations such as the Jersey Shore burger with p... READ MORE
Barnaby's has been a Des Plaines staple, tossing homemade pizza dough and cooking sauce since 1969. The high quality cheese, (Scala) sausage and other first-rat... READ MORE
This self-serve, no-frills joint specializes in house-made Italian beef, meaty chili, hot dogs and cheeseburgers. READ MORE
Just like Harry Caray himself, this 300-plus seat spot on Navy Pier is mad about baseball -- and you shouldn't even have to ask what the TVs will broadcast. Thi... READ MORE
On the Illinois Prairie Path, the Geneva Country House echoes the design of the Clarendon Hills original on a larger scale, with a spacious cedar deck overlooki... READ MORE
This spacious West Loop bar and grill gets the lunch and after-work crowds. The menu is both beer and food heavy. Friendly service accompanies the lively atmosp... READ MORE
This is the original Country House (there are others in Lisle and Geneva), known for its meaty, half-pound, ground-sirloin burgers. The 1999 Chicago's Choice Di... READ MORE
This friendly Lakeview restaurant serves up large portions of Southern-style cooking. Specialties include shrimp and grits, sauteed spinach, blackened catfish a... READ MORE
Sure, you could grab a boneless barbecued pork loin sandwich or charbroiled hot dog at this spot, but why? We say skip 'em: This joint's proud of it's burgers -... READ MORE
Sure, you could grab a boneless barbecued pork loin sandwich or charbroiled hot dog at this spot, but why? We say skip 'em. This joint's proud of its burgers, a... READ MORE
The name of this fry-tastic eatery is the product of a 1982 contest in which local grade-school students submitted their best ideas. Clever name aside, the plac... READ MORE
Billy Dec of Rockit Ranch, opened Rockit Bar & Grill in River North a decade ago and then he opened this second location in Lakeview just steps from Wrigley Fie... READ MORE
Serving up single, double and triple burgers, this Evanston beef joint has become known for its shakes, its burgers and its wide assortment of fries, ranging fr... READ MORE
Zante Lounge is located at 8888 W. 159th St., Orland Park. READ MORE
Dine on pastas, steaks, rotisserie chicken, burgers and more at this family-owned lounge and eatery. READ MORE
This Glenview cafe serves up classic diner fare like French toast and waffles for breakfast and sandwiches like Cuban paninis, avocado swiss burgers and New Yor... READ MORE
Get a taste of Chicago with Maxwell Street-style hamburgers, hot dogs and sandwiches hot off the grill. READ MORE
Tuck into juicy lamb, pork or beef burgers, brined chicken sandwiches and rich, bechamel sauce-covered mac and cheese, house cut fries and other upscale bar foo... READ MORE
Get ready to watch the races at this off-track betting bar and restaurant. Settle into one of the expansive dining rooms and enjoy "American eclectic" dishes li... READ MORE


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Police say they are receiving a number of reports of trees and power lines down and road flooding, in the North and North-West of the state.
Local councils and the Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources have and are in the process of erecting signage in affected areas.
Police ask motorists to drive to conditions and not to drive onto flooded road areas.
Some of the road affected are:
- Spellmans Road, Wilmot, between Back Road and Wilmot River. Landslide
- Vermont Road, Launceston is closed between the roundabout and Mowbray Hill due to a burst water main.
- Bridle Track Road is closed about two kilometres south of the junction with Kimberley Road.
- Cherry Lane, Latrobe. Flooded.
- Buxton Road, Wilmont, about two kilometres from Wilmont Road. Landslip.
- Henry St, Launceston. Flooding.
- Glenwood Road, Relbia. Flooding
- Relbia Rd, Relbia, Flooding.
- Bridgenorth Road, Legana, near Kavala St. Flooding
- Liffey Road, Bracknell. Flooded
- Station Street, St. Leonards. Flooded.
- Henry Street Bridge, Henry Street, Waverley. Flooded.
- Mersey Main Road, Latrobe at Ballahoo Creek crossing. Flooding.
- Woolmers Lane, Longford. Flooded.
- Ansons Bay Road. south of Ansons Bay. Flooding.
- Innes Street, Stahan. Flooding
- Andrew Street, Strahan. Flooding
- Targa Road. Flooded
- Pecks Hills Rd. Flooded.
- Powrana Road, Midlands Highway at the Westmore Bridge.
- Bass Highway near Winspears Road, drain blocked, proceed with caution.
- Sheffield Main Road, Sheffiled near Kermode St, water on road, proceed with caution.
- Evandale Road, Western Junction, water on the road, proceed with caution.
- Birralee Road, Westbury, between Four Springs and Rodeo Ground, water on road proceed with caution
- Long Plains Road, Bridgenorth, water on road, proceed with caution.
- East Tamar Hwy, Rocherlea, at turnoff, proceed with caution.
- West Tamar Hwy, Legana, near Danbury Park, water on road, proceed with caution.
- West Tamar Hwy, Legana near No. 178, water on road in a dip, proceed with caution.
- West Tamar Hwy, Trevallyn, junction with Forest Rd, water on road, proceed with caution one lane open.
- West Tamar Hwy, Trevallyn, Launceston bound land near the rowing club.
- Forest Road, Trevallyn, landslip, water on road, proceed with caution.
- Rebecca Road, Temma (at Nelson Bay River Bridge), access with 4wd vehicles only
- The Esplanade, Huonville
The Highland Lakes Road is closed from Bothwell to Mienna due to heavy snow, as is Marlborough Road from Bronte Park to Miena.
Police say that due to snow cover down to 400m, the following roads should not be used unless motorists have a 4wd vehicle:
- Highland Lakes Road: Miena to Golden valley
- Poatina Road from Poatina to Highland Lakes Road
- The Lyell Highway has recieved significant snow fall over night and snow clearing is in progress.
- Cradle Mountain and Belvouir roads have recieved significant snow falls overnight. Snow clearing is in progress.
Marine wind warning, for gale winds east of Flinders Island and the central West Coast.
Strong wind warning for the Derwent Estuary, Frederick Henry and Norfolk Bay, Storm Bay, Channel, Far North West Coast, Central North Coast, Banks Strait and Franklin Sound, Upper East Coast, Lower East Coast, South East Coast and South West Coast.
Small craft alert for the Central Plateau Lakes and South West Lakes.
There are a number of flood warnings adn watches in place:
- Moderate flood warning for the lower Macquarie River
- Moderage flood warning for the North Esk River basin
- Moderate flood warning for the upper South Esk River
- Minor flood warning for the Meander River
- Minor flood warning for the Mersey River
- Final minor flood warning for the Forth River basin
There is a severe weather warning in place for abnormally high tides for people int he South-East forecast district about 6pm this afternoon.
There is a road weather alert in place for the North-West, Western, Central Plateau, the Midlands, Upper Derwent Valley and South-East.
There is also a sheep graziers warning for the upper Derwent Valley and the South East.


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How Depression Changed Me
-My twitter
I don't recall much about the night I was diagnosed with depression — just the fuzzy outlines of a threat to commit suicide. I thought I'd be dead by morning. My time felt near while on the phone with my father's then-girlfriend, a psychologist who spoke to me in a soft, cathartic tone, that volume which both soothes and condescends. I was in Georgia, she was in Philadelphia, and she talked to me until 1 a.m.: long-distance diagnosis and prescription ("Go see a therapist").
Before that night — or the curvature of that night, those fuzzy outlines once again — I cared. I cared about my family; I cared about my friends; I cared (too much) about my ex-lovers; I cared about the future. To care is to step outside of oneself, to face the cold blade of another human on guard because some other human hurt her years ago.
That's life, isn't it? The dance we do with swords and shields, striking each other because we're so afraid, oh so afraid, to get hurt? If this isn't life, then it is certainly "love" in its most humanistic form, based and terrified. And I was a willing participant. I loved. I lived. I cared.
Presumably, depression, like any other illness, forces one to take stock of his life, to turn inward as a form of reassessment. The flaws and bad habits left to rot inside me — the affairs, the chain-smoking — must be addressed now, now, someone told me over the phone that I was depressed. Which, at the time, didn't mean that much to me.
I knew of depression as any layman understands it: the blues, sad days, gray days, tears and slow music. A frozen moment in time, yes? Like mourning a death, sooner or later, I'd snap out of it. I just couldn't understand why I felt so tortured, why my brain seemed to turn on me. Everything I wanted to forget — all the mistakes and sins and embarrassments — released like wolves panting and sprinting in the lightless night toward carrion. The mammal ensnared in the trap was me. The wolves ripped me apart day and night.
The next day, after my impromptu phone consultation, I met my first therapist. Dr. Elizabeth. A sweet, southern lady with a thick accent which accentuated her freakishly tall body.
(In the craft of memoir or personal essay, one is allowed to skip forward in time or condense conversations or "blend" multiple conversations into one or two paragraphs to save space and the reader's time. Let it be known, then, that Dr. Elizabeth diagnosed me with dysthymia*, and concluded that I suffered from depression for most, if not all, of my life. She recommended medication; I declined; I was an idiot who paid a heavy price years later.)
Since, I've been meaning to research (i.e. Google) post-major-depression trauma. One can't really be the same after being devoured by imaginary wolves. I'm no longer the same, for I don't care as much as I did before. When your body and mind decide, almost on a whim, to become your worst enemies, really who gives a shit about Presidential elections or weddings or birthdays or terrorist bombings? There's little time for the outside world. I became, and remain, vigilant with respect to my moods, my immediate condition.
I don't pay attention as much as I did before. I hear, but I'm never really listening — not completely — and forget about my surroundings. Trees and buildings all look the same when viewed from the peripheral, if viewed at all, so a street in downtown Chicago is no different to me than an alleyway in Philadelphia; I couldn't care less about their actual differences.
This makes the so-called "writing life" difficult, and it is why my work has become so solipsistic over the years. I am my favorite subject, I am the mystery which confuses and seduces me, I am that which I know nothing about, and so I must write about it — me — to get to the answers of unknown questions.
I am so fearful now, six years and three major depressions later, of myself, of some deep flaw within me that I might've missed or neglected. And the advice from friends and family and lovers is, typically, to live and let live. Enjoy life. The answers will come. Their kind words come from the belief that I'm on a spiritual quest when, in fact, I'm sort of like Bruce Banner: I'm trying to find a goddamn cure before my depression destroys my life yet again.
Because ironically, depression is not a solipsistic disease; it is not a self-inflicted gunshot but, rather, a bomb detonated in the middle of a family function or, in my case, a very quiet explosion as I read my second set of vows, as I wondered if it was happening again, as I knew everyone in the room was about to be wiped out by my disease — they just didn't know it at the time.
Morbid, but sometimes, I wish I was a cutter or a drug abuser. Something, anything, that'll turn the depressive violence inward. But no. Friendships and marriages are lost; family ties are strained; job performance decreases; drivers on the highway blow their horns as I race by them at 100 mph, indifferent about everything, every one. Like a true a-hole.
Post-major-depression trauma resulting in chronic a-holery. I'm certain I've discovered a new wrinkle to the treatment of depression. Because after the storm subsides, after the wolves slink away sated and ready for sleep, after the antidepressants circulate in my blood, blunting the blows, it's a challenge to look outward again, to remember that it isn't all about you, to again understand the connection between all people. But I try. I try.
Tagged Bruce Banner, Change, Chicago, Depressing, Depression, Family, Georgia, Google, Jerks, Life, Mammal, Medicine, Philadelphia, Presidential, Sad, Southern, Suicide, Therapist, Therapy, Uncategorized, Wolves
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Country Inns By Carlson Hotels in Waikane HI Hawaii
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Schrader's Windward Country Inn
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Three Star Rural property
Check-in time: 03:00PM
~3.55 Miles from Waikane center
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