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US 6053439 A Abstract A system and method for treating a waxed fiber paper product with a high wax content to remove a substantial portion of the wax content includes the pulping of the wax paper fiber at an elevated temperature in excess of the melting temperature of the wax to separate a pulp fraction and to form an emulsion of water and molten wax. The pulp fraction is separated from the emulsion by filtering in a reverse pressure screen in which a finely perforated screen defines a high pressure side and a low pressure side, and a major portion of the water/emulsion is removed from the suspension through the screen perforations leading from the high pressure side to the low pressure side, in which a rotor and foil arrangement within the reverse screen is operated under such conditions that the suspension at the high pressure side of the screen is maintained in a constant fluidized condition.
Claims(13) 1. The method of treating waxed fiber paper product having a high wax content substantially in excess of 1% by weight providing a paper board finish which has an acceptably small wax content, such as about 1% by weight or less, comprising the steps of pulping such waxed paper fiber product with added water at an elevated temperature in excess of the melting point of the wax forming a heated pulp suspension comprising a pulp fraction in an emulsion of water and molten wax, diluting said pulp suspension with heated dilution water to a low consistency of about 1% or less, apparatus having therein a screen and defining a high pressure screen inlet side and a low pressure screen outlet side and having perforations therein of a sufficiently small size as to prevent a major portion of the fibers in poised suspension from passing therethrough and extending from said high pressure inlet side to said low pressure outlet side and further having moving pressure impulse foils in close proximity to said high pressure inlet side, applying said low consistency suspension under pressure to said screen high pressure inlet side and simultaneously causing said foils to move along said screen inlet side at a rate sufficient to maintain fibers in said suspension in a fluidized state and prevent blocking of said screen perforations by said fibers, and extracting a major portion of such water and wax emulsion from said suspension through said screen perforations.
2. The method of claim 1 in which said separating step includes the application of said suspension serially to a plurality of such reverse pressure screening apparatus by applying dilution liquid so that the diluted suspension is applied to the reverse pressure screening apparatus in which said plurality of apparatuses are connected in series, the applying cleanest dilution liquid to the last of such apparatuses and applying the wax emulsion laden filtrate through said last of such apparatus and applying the wax emulsion laden filtrate through said last such apparatus as the dilution liquid to the immediately preceding reverse pressure screening apparatus in a countercurrent washing manner.
3. The method of claim 1 in which said low consistency suspension in said separating step is applied to the inside surface of a cylinder shaped screen and in which the perforations therein are holes in the order of about 0.004" to about 0.016" in diameter.
4. The method of claim 3 in which said impulse foils are moved at a rate of about 5,000 feet per minute along said screen inside surface.
5. A paper board finish made according to the method of claim 1.
6. The method of utilizing a waxed paper product, including OCC that has been impregnated with petroleum wax and providing a paper fiber finish which has a substantially reduced wax content suitable for making paperboard and carton material, comprising the steps of pulping said waxed paper product in a hydropulper at an elevated temperature in excess of the melting point of the wax at a consistency of about 8% to 12%, continuing said pulping until the paper product is defibered and the wax content is disassociated, thereby forming a pulp suspension comprising a pulp fraction in an emulsion of water and liquid wax, removing said pulp suspension substantially at said elevated temperature from said hydropulper and subjecting said suspension to cleaning to remove non-wax contaminants while maintaining said suspension substantially at said elevated temperature, and separating said pulp fraction from said water and wax emulsion fraction by diluting said suspension to a consistency of about 1% or less and applying said diluted suspension under pressure and at said elevated temperature to the inlet of a reverse pressure screening apparatus having a cylinder screen therein having an inlet side and an outlet side and having perforations therein leading from said inlet side to said outlet side of a sufficiently small size as to prevent a major portion of the paper fibers in the furnish from passing therethrough, and extracting a substantial portion of said wax emulsion fraction from said diluted suspension through said screen perforations leading from an inlet side to said outlet side of such screen and simultaneously passing impulse foils along said inlet side to maintain said diluted suspension in a constant fluidized condition at said inlet side and preventing the formation of a fiber mat on the inlet side of said screen, and extracting a thickened pulp suspension from said apparatus at said screen inlet side substantially free of said water and wax emulsion fraction thereby providing an enhanced furnish with an acceptably low wax content.
7. The method of claim 6 in which said separating step includes the application of said diluted suspension serially to a plurality of such reverse pressure screening apparatus by applying dilution water so that the suspension is applied at a consistency of about 0.5% to each said apparatus connected in series, and applying the cleanest dilution water to the last said pressure screening apparatus and applying the emulsion fraction extracted from said last apparatus as dilution water to an immediately preceding such apparatus in a countercurrent washing manner.
8. The method of claim 6 in which said pulping step is performed under conditions of elevated alkalinity of between about 9 and 11 pH to promote swelling of the paper fibers.
9. The method of reducing the wax content of a suspension of waste paper fibers in water in which said wax content substantially exceeds 1% by weight of the fiber content of the waste paper fibers to form an enhanced thickened paper pulp which has a substantially reduced wax content, comprising the steps of heating such suspension to an elevated temperature by at least 10 content and beating or agitating at said elevated temperature to promote the disassociation of the wax component from the fiber component and to form an emulsion of wax and water, adding sufficient heated water to said pulp suspension to provide a relatively low inlet consistency of about 1% or less, applying said low consistency suspension while maintaining said elevated temperature under pressure to the inlet of a reverse pressure screen having therein a screen cylinder with small openings in the form of holes of a size as to prevent a major part of the paper fibers from passing through such screen openings, causing a plurality of impulse members to move at high speed adjacent to the inlet surface of said screen cylinder to maintain said low consistency suspension in a fluidized condition at said screen inlet surface to prevent the formation of a fiber mat on said inlet surface, and separating said emulsion from said pulp fibers at said inlet surface by extracting said emulsion through said screen openings, and removing the resulting said thickened pulp fibers from said reduced pressure screen as an improved paper pulp with a substantially reduced wax content.
10. An improved paper pulp treated in accordance with the method of claim 9.
11. The method of treating waxed paper fiber product having a wax content of up to about 50% or more by weight of paper fiber providing an improved paper board finish which has an acceptably small wax content, of about 1% by weight or less, comprising the steps of pulping such waxed paper fiber product with added water at an elevated temperature at least 10 in excess of the melting point of the wax, continuing said pulping until such paper product is defibered, thereby forming a heated pulp suspension comprising a pulp fraction in an emulsion of water and molten wax, subjecting said heated pulp suspension to cleaning steps to remove therefrom primarily non-wax contaminants including unpulped clumps, heavy and lightweight contaminants while maintaining said suspension substantially at said elevated temperature, then separating said pulp fraction from said emulsion by filtering at said elevated temperature in reverse pressure screening apparatus having therein a perforated screen and defining a high pressure screen side and a low pressure screen side, applying said suspension under pressure to said high pressure side of said screening apparatus while maintaining said suspension in a constant fluidized state to prevent the formation of a fiber mat on the perforated screen high pressure side, and extracting a major portion of such water and molten wax emulsion from the suspension through perforations in such screen leading from said high pressure side to said low pressure side of a size sufficiently small as to prevent a major portion of the fibers of said pulp fracture from pressing therethrough to provide a thickened pulp fraction from which said major portion of water and molten wax emulsion has been extracted, and utilizing said thickened pulp fraction as fiber content in a board furnish.
12. Apparatus for producing a substantially wax-free paper pulp slurry comprising:
(a) a pressure vessel provided with an interior cavity, an inlet port communicating with said cavity, a first outlet port communicating with said cavity and a second outlet port communicating with said cavity; (b) a screen provided with a multiplicity of perforations sized for blocking passage of a major portion of reclaimed paper fibers suspended in water while passing melted wax particles suspended in such a paper pulp slurry, and having an upstream side and a downstream side, said screen extending transversely across said cavity with said upstream side facing said inlet port and said first outlet port and said downstream side facing said second outlet port; (c) a heated paper pulp slurry comprising reclaimed paper pulp fibers with particles of melted wax suspended therein, said paper pulp slurry flowing within said cavity between said inlet port and said upstream side of said screen; (d) a plurality of rotating foils mounted for rotation in closely spaced relation to said screen upstream side maintaining reclaimed paper fibers in fluidized suspension in said slurry; (e) a mixture of hot water and melted wax flowing from said downstream of said screen toward said second outlet port; and (f) a substantially wax-free paper pulp slurry flowing from said upstream side of said screen toward said first outlet port. 13. The apparatus of claim 12 in which said screen perforations are holes between about 0.006" and 0.010" in diameter.
Description FIGS. 1A and 1B represent the steps and the preferred apparatus used in performing a method of this invention. Beginning with the waxed OCC, it is applied to a high consistency stock pulper represented generally at 10 with an impeller which operates over a perforated bed plate for extraction of pulped material from the pulper 10. The pulper may be a Hydrapulper and made by Black Clawson, previously identified. Preferably, the stock pulper is equipped with a Black Clawson MidCon screw 12 mounted on the impeller as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,007 issued Feb. 16, 1988. Such a configured pulper is particularly useful in defibering difficult furnishes such as those with a high wax content. Before pulping, all components in the system including the pulper 10 are heat preconditioned by being brought up to an operating temperature in excess of the melting point of the petroleum based wax. The systems operating temperature should be in excess of the wax melting temperature so that in instances where the wax melts at 120 components should be preheated and conditioned to about 130 higher. This preconditioning is accomplished by running steam heated water through all of the conduits, valves, and apparatus to illuminate any cold walls or surfaces onto which wax may congeal. Following such preconditioning, the wax laden waste board and waste paper and old corrugated cartons, generically referred to here as "OCC", is added to the tank of the pulper 10 and heated water is added to provide a medium pulping consistency in the range of approximately 8 to 12%. In defibering this material, it has been found helpful to elevate the pH to a range of about 8.5 to 12, by adding sodium hydroxide or other pH elevating agents. The higher pH has the beneficial effect of promoting defibering of the components by assisting in breaking down difficult to defiber furnishes and preserving fiber strength. The swelling of the fiber under the influence of the alkaline conditions promotes separation of wax from the fiber and reduces fiber loss through the reverse pressure screens. The amount and extent of defibering can be monitored visually or by taking a grab sample and observing the results. The observation to determine the extent of defibering is no different from that which is made in the repulping of conventional OCC or mixed office wastes. The elevated temperature is maintained throughout. The pulper not only defibers the pulp but disperses the wax in liquid form throughout the mass and throughout the about 88 to 92% water content as an emulsion of liquid wax and water. At the elevated temperature, there is no tendency for wax to build up on the pulper tank walls or on the rotor. OCC, as well as other waxed papers, commonly contaminated with or accompanied with lightweight contaminants as well as heavy debris, which may be entrained with the wastepaper into the tank of the pulper. It is common to provide an auxiliary system for the purpose of relieving the pulper tank of such lightweight and heavyweight crude contaminants before they can be broken down by the impeller to sizes which are sufficiently small so as to pass through the holes of the extraction bed plate in the pulper. For this purpose, the pulper 10 may be equipped with a trash purging system such as the Hydrapurge detrashing system of Black Clawson. Such a detrashing system operates on a cycle basis and extracts stock directly from the pulper tub for a period of time where the fiber is accepted through a perforated bed plate and plastics and other lightweight debris build up inside where they are periodically purged to a dewatering drum. If such equipment is installed with the pulper, it is similarly important to assure that the operating components of the detrashing system are also brought up to or substantially to the previously defined system operating temperature. The defibered pulp suspension including the wax emulsion is then subjected to conventional waste paper cleaning steps which are diagrammed on FIG. 1A. The particular steps and processes which are used to remove course undefibered clumps, heavy as well as lightweight contaminants and "stickies" including cyclone and screen cleaning steps, are not critical to the performance of this invention or the practice of the method, provided that all of the steps are performed at the previously-defined elevated temperature. FIG. 1A shows the output of the Hydrapulper consistency free vortex cyclone separator 20. The cyclone separator 20 may be a Ruffclone separator having a top tangential inlet and accepts outlet, with a bottom rejects outlet for heavy contaminants, as made by Black Clawson. The accepts from the cyclone 20 is applied to one or more coarse screen separators designated at 22a and 22b. These are power driven paper pulp screening machines incorporating a generally cylindrical screen and having an internal rotating impeller. The screens 22 remove from the stock coarse contaminants which may be delivered on reject lines 23 to a reject sorter, while the screened accepts are directed to a medium consistency cleaning cyclone separator 24. The cyclone separator 24 is of the same general construction as the cyclone 20 and may be a Liquid Cyclone as sold by Black Clawson. The purpose of the medium consistency cyclone 24 is to remove lighter weight contaminants and "stickies". It is understood that the rejects from each of the cyclones 20 and 24 are conventionally processed and may also be sent to a reject sorter 21 as illustrated in FIG. 1A along with the rejects from the screens 22a and 22b. The reject sorter may be a Black Clawson ULTRASORTER reject processor which is a non-vibrating low attrition totally enclosed tailing screen that removes debris normally found in a coarse screening loop. After screening, the affluent may be returned to the pulper and the sorted rejects dumped to waste or landfill. The pulp is then conventionally processed with one or more fine pulp screens 25 which may be identical to the coarse screens 22 with the exception of the fact that the screening cylinder or screening basket is formed with finer perforations or slots. In the screens 25 as represented by a primary screen 25a, a secondary screen 25b and an optional tertiary screen 25c remove the smaller contaminants. In the setup as shown, the affluent reject from the first fine screen 25a is diluted and applied to the second fine screen 25b. If a further screening is required, this affluent from the screen 25b may be applied to the tertiary screen 25c. In the case of screens 25a and 25b, the accepts outlet will usually be joined for further processing while the accepts outlet of the tertiary screen may usually be re-applied as an input to the first screen 25a, while the final reject, from the last of the screens, may be sent to a rejects sorter. Up to this point, there has been no specific effort to remove the wax emulsion component or fraction from the pulp fraction of the furnish although a small part of the wax is inherently removed in the pulp washing and screening operations of FIG. 1A. The remaining wax emulsion fraction is removed in the reverse pressure screen stages represented in FIG. 1B and diagramed in FIG. 2. The pulped inlet furnish on line 28 is diluted by heated process water or heated fresh water to a relatively low consistency of about 1% or less through a conventional consistency controller 29 and is applied to the inlet of a high speed "reverse" pressure screen 30, comprising preferably one of three cascade connected identical, such pressure screens as shown in FIG. 3 with countercurrent washing, and described in greater detail below. The reverse pressure screen 30 closely resembles a conventional screen cylinder such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,849,302 with a stationery cylindrical screen having an inner inlet high pressure surface and an outer outlet low pressure surface. Preferably a drum-type rotor is used with foils on its outer surface and within the interior of the screen adjacent the inlet or high pressure side of the screen. The principal difference between a conventional cylinder screen and a "reverse" screen cylinder is the fact that the openings of the reverse screen cylinder, as used in this invention, are much smaller than those of a conventional screen and act as a filter to prevent a major portion of the pulp from passing through. Preferably, the openings consist of electron beam drilled holes which may be as small as about 0.004", or smaller, but good results can be obtained with a cylindrical hole in the range of 0.006" to 0.016" diameter. Relatively high rotor speeds are employed such as about 5,000 feet per minute or higher at the inner inlet screen surface to maintain a fully fluidized condition of the pulp suspension at the screen inlet surface. The stock and wax laden water emulsion are applied to the screen at the relatively low consistency as identified above, to the inner inlet side of the screen and is maintained in a constant fluidized condition to prevent a mat from forming on the screen surface. This fluidized condition is maintained by influence of the foils on the drum surface which move adjacent to the high pressure or inlet surface of the screen. The furnish is maintained at least at the previously defined elevated temperature, and the wax emulsion and water along with fine fiber particles are extracted through the small screen openings into the low pressure or outlet side of the screen. The thickened pulp is removed through an outlet. Thus, the screen may be considered as having a hydraulic split, such as 90/10, in which 90% of the mass entering is extracted from the high pressure side of the screen through the holes and 10%, the thickened pulp, is extracted through the screen outlet. Such a 90/10 hydraulic split by definition results in an increase in consistency by one decimal point so that if the inlet consistency is 0.5%, the outlet consistency will be 5%. The heated wax emulsion component, along with ash and some fines, are extracted together through the cylinder holes as "filtrate" in FIG. 2 and good fibers are retained as "fiber" in FIG. 2. If the wax component of the diluted suspension at the inlet represented 10% of the mass, following screening with theoretically clean dilution water, the resultant thickened suspension, i.e., "fiber" in FIG. 2 would have only 1% wax content. Due to the use of countercurrent washing, such theoretical efficiencies cannot be obtained but three washing stages, in tandem, are effective to remove the residual wax content to 1% or less of the thickened stock suspension and preferably less than 0.5% of the suspension by weight. Thus, in this manner, the thickened and washed stock suspension may be rediluted at a second consistency controller 33 and applied to a second tandem connected "reverse" screen 30b, and the process is repeated. The filtrate from the screen 30b is removed on line 34 and supplied to the controller 29 as dilution water for the screen 30a. If further washing is desired, the thickened and washed stock from the outlet of the screen 30b may be applied to a tertiary screen 30c after being diluted at a consistency controller 35, as previously described, using makeup water, and water from the clarifier 28 on line 36. The filtrate from the screen 30c is sent on line 37 for dilution at the input to screen 30b in a conventional countercurrent manner. The heavily wax laden affluent from the reverse screen 30A as the filtrate through the screen 45 is delivered by a line 38 to the clarifier 28 and is itself of relatively low consistency, while the thickened relatively high consistency fiber stock is delivered on line 38 for utilization or drying and storage, as the case may be. The countercurrent washing system in which the cleanest water is applied for dilution to the last cleaning stage, is most efficient for multiple stage washing from a conservation of water standpoint. The amount of fines that are removed depends to some extent upon the nature of the material which made up the furnish to begin with. Since fines generally do not have good papermaking qualities, the removal of some fines with the wax fraction is not considered to be undesirable. The clarifier 28, as previously described, may be a D-A-F Supercell dissolved air flotation unit as manufactured by Krofta Engineering Corp., previously defined, or other suitable apparatus by means of which the wax component is removed from the affluent. This equipment is operated below the melting temperature of the wax to take advantage of the congealing of the wax and its relatively lighter weight as compared to water. The reverse pressure screens 30, however, are operated at all times with the stock suspension above the melting temperature of the wax so that the wax passes through the screen openings as a liquid. As previously noted, the hole sizes in the cylindrical screen, in a practical range, would be from about 0.004" or less to about 0.016" in diameter with preferred ranges between about 0.006" and 0.010" in diameter. In such screens, the open area ranges from about 10% to about 15%. Holes are preferred to slots, but a slotted screen could be used. The reverse pressure screen 30 is illustrated in partially cut-away view in FIG. 3 as having an outer housing 40 forming a pressure vessel. The housing 40 contains a stationary non-rotating screen cylinder 45 therein. The screen cylinder has an inner inlet or upstream surface 46 and an outer outlet or downstream surface 47 and is provided with a plurality of closely spaced perforations or slots of a dimension, as previously described. A rotating foil support member is positioned closely adjacent the inner inlet surface, and in the instance of the preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the foil member is in the form of a rotating drum 50 shown in partial elevation having foils 52 formed on the outer surface which foils rotate in close proximity to the inner filtering or inlet surface of the screen cylinder 45. Typically, the foils may be 2" high, 2" wide and 1/4"-3/16" thick at the point of maximum thickness. The drum is mounted for rotation by a drive shaft 53 and a drive motor 54 at a rate of about 5000 ft./minute or more surface speed. The spacing between the foils and the screen cylinder is maintained at a minimum so that, as the drum is rotated and driven by the motor 54, the stock suspension at the inlet surface 46 is maintained in fluidized condition. Thus, the spacing between the foils and the inside surface 46 of the cylinder may be as little as 1/16 of an inch, and the outer surface of the drum in regions between the foils 52 may be spaced from the inside screen surface less than 1/2 an inch and in some instances less than 3/16 of an inch. The heated stock suspension and the liquid wax emulsion is brought in, under pressure, to the inlet 48 and is delivered to an interior chamber 55 and from there into the annular space between the outer surface of the drum 50 and the inside surface of the cylinder-shaped screen 45. There is thus created a substantial pressure differential between the inside (upstream) and the outside (downstream) surfaces of the screen, which differential is controlled by controlling inlet and outlet valves and, using these valves, the rate of flow through the reverse screen may also be controlled. Thus, in typical conditions, the inlet pressure may be in the range of about 30-50 psi or even higher. The thickened fiber, now with a major part of the free liquid and liquid wax component removed is collected in the dome 58 and exits the reverse pressure screen at the accepts outlet 60, while the separated heated water and emulsion is collected in an annular chamber 62 which surrounds the cylinder 45 and deliver to the outlet 65. In such a reverse pressure screen, with a screen basket approximately 43" high and 48" in diameter, 500 gallons per minute of filtrate flow can be processed through a screen having perforated hole diameters of 0.006" and openness of between about 10-15%. This provides a thickened stock accepts capacity of between about 6-20 tons (dry) per 24 hour day. The preferred inlet consistency is about 0.5% or less, and a maximum inlet consistency, for most efficient operation of the reverse screen is about 1%. The thickened stock would have a maximum of about 6% consistency to be flowable but dilution water may be added in the dome 58 to make the thickened stock more readily flowable from the accepts side. Under these operating conditions, an inlet pressure from the consistency controller 29, 33 or 35 may be between 30 to 40 psi. The inlet pressure differential from feed to the accepts output 60 ranges from about 2 psi to 15 psi with 4 to 8 psi differential as the normal operating range. With any given screen and given foil speed, the stock inlet and rejects outlet pressure may be controlled by valves in these lines to control the throughput of the screen and to prevent a fiber mat from forming, which could cause a sudden blockage of the screen holes or slots. For those instances where it is desired to "polish" an existing recycled pulp which may have or contain an unacceptably high wax content after having been processed by conventional OCC reclaiming procedures, a stock furnish may be diluted with heated water to bring the entire furnish above the melting point of its wax content, in the manner previously described, and applied to a pre-heated reverse pressure screen system for screening, preferably at an inlet consistency of about 1% or less, although higher consistencies may be used with somewhat lower efficiencies. The pressure screen is operated in the manner previously described, that is, the input energy to the rotor or to the rotating foils, taken with the through feed rate is more than sufficient to maintain a stock furnish in a fully fluidized condition at the inlet side of the screen. The emulsified and molten wax component will be removed concurrently with the excess water through the screen and the thickened pulp will be ejected through the accepts outlet, as previously described in connection with the description of the operation of the pressure screen 30. Thus, this aspect of the method of this invention, at low cost, permits the beneficiation of the output from conventional OCC processing systems. Laboratory tests were run for the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of wax removal from wax coated board material using the process and equipment of this invention. Two pulper batches were prepared. Both batches were run identically from pulping to fine screening. The first pulper batch was made to generate filtrate for dilution for the second batch to simulate the conditions of a commercial installation, with the thick stock from the first run being discarded. The filtrate was diluted to a 6:1 ratio of water to filtrate in the second run for dilution of pulping, and course and fine screening. Both pulper batches were made with about 1100 lb. of wax coated board material added to 1000 gallons of 150 obtain a pulping consistency of 10%. The hydrapulper was configured as previously described and the rotor was run at 290 rpm for 45 minutes on each batch. The temperatures were maintained to 150 degrees and 3.6 pounds of NaOH was added to each pulper batch to increase pH to 9.5. The pulper batches were extracted through 3/8" bed plate holes and pumped over to a screen supply tank. Both batch consistencies in the screen tank were adjusted to 2.5% to feed course screens 22. Thermo Black Clawson model 100 Ultra-V Pressure Screen is used a Black Clawson UP cylinder with 0.062" holes and a Black Clawson NS-II rotor running at 650 rpm. Accepts were collected in a holding tank and rejected material was recirculated back into the screen supply tank. The screen supply tank was emptied and the accepted material was then pumped back into the screen supply tank and the consistency adjusted to 1.5% for fine screening. The hydraulic reject rate was maintained to 15% on all runs. Fine screening by the screen 25 for both batches used a Black Clawson PSP cylinder 25 with 0.010" slots and a Black Clawson LP-1 rotor running at 780 rpm. The holding tank received the accepted material and the rejects were recirculated back into the screen supply tank. The accepted material again was pumped back into the screen supply tank and consistency adjusted to 0.5% for reverse screening as in the case of the course screening. Reverse screening was accomplished on all runs with a reverse pressure cleaner 30 configured as described above using a cylinder with 0.006" holes and a 24" diameter rotor running at 900 rpm. The drive motor was rated at 100 hp and the consumed power measured between 35-38 hp. The unit was fed at approximately 500 gallons per minute for all runs and hydraulic splits were maintained to 10% (10-1). The first pulper batch run retained only the filtrate and the thick stock was sent to a second holding tank. Some of the filtrate was sent to the cleaner tank to hold for later dilution while the remainder was diluted to a 6:1 ratio of water to filtrate and used as dilution for the second pulper run pulper, course screen and fine screen. In the second run, the reverse screen 30 was run in four separate stages. The first stage used filtrate as dilution from the second holding tank that was diluted to 10:1 to adjust the feed consistency to 0.5%. The thick stock was collected in a dump tank and the filtrate collected in the first holding tank. The filtrate from this run was mixed with water to achieve a 10:1 ratio to dilute the thick stock for stage two reverse cleaner feed at 0.5%. Stage two was run in the same manner as stage one with the filtrate again diluted to 10:1 and used to dilute the thick stock to 0.5% for the third stage feed. The third stage dumped the filtrate to sewer and collected the thick stock; diluting it to 0.5% with fresh waster to feed the last stage of reverse cleaning. A fourth and final washing collected the thick stock in the dump tank and the filtrate went to sewer. Overall, the laboratory trial was considered to be a success, revealing the reverse screen apparatus to be very efficient for wax washing. The final result produced a fiber that physically was very clean in appearance and was essentially free of wax residue. The following table provides the wax content, as measured, in terms of grams per liter and in terms of % by weight of the feed to the reverse screen and the accepts from the reverse screen. The test results show that only three stages of cleaning was necessary to provide a very low wax content, in which the feed to the first stage exceeded 36% wax by weight and the accepts from the third stage was less than 0.3% by weight. If the criteria of wax content was acceptability at 1% or less, then two stages of reverse cleaning, using the method described, would have been sufficient since the accepts at the second stage were less than 1% by weight wax content. TABLE______________________________________ Wax Content % by Wt______________________________________First Stage Feed 2.0g/L 36.56 Accepts 2.4g/L 6.38Second Stage Feed 0.5g/L 9.98 Accepts 0.4g/L 0.85Third Stage Feed 0.2g/L 6.17 Accepts 0.1g/L 0.28Fourth Stage Feed 0.2g/L 6.38 Accepts 0.1g/L 0.22______________________________________ It will therefore be seen that this invention provides a useful method and apparatus for the substantial removal of conventional and untreated petroleum wax components from a waxed furnish which results in a beneficiation of the pulp and a removal of wax loading, which may begin as high as 50%, and which may be reduced to about 1% or less, thereby providing a furnish which may be conventionally used as a reclaimed product in the manufacture of brown paper and board. While the methods herein described, and the forms of apparatus for carrying this method into effect, constitute preferred embodiments of this invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to these precise methods and forms of apparatus, and that changes may be made in either without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a preferred arrangement of components in which FIG. 1A shows the first steps in the process and FIG. 1B shows the final screening steps in the process; FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the removal of the water and wax emulsion in one of the stages of the fine reverse pressure screens; and FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of a reverse pressure screen as used in the practice of this invention. This invention relates to the recycling of petroleum-based wax coated or impregnated waste paper and more particularly to the recycling of old corrugated cartons (OCC) which have been impregnated or coated with conventional petroleum-based wax. Wax saturated and wax coated cartons are particularly useful for shipping and storing food and produce, such as iced fresh produce, seafood, poultry and refrigerated meats. It is also useful as industrial packaging where a product is exposed to water and/or very high humidities and to packaging which require high stacking strengths and stiffness under dry conditions. The waxes which are most commonly used comply with U.S. Federal Drug Administration requirements and regulations for use as an indirect food additive and as a component of paperboard in contact with food products. Saturating waxes have also been approved by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for use in packaging of meat, fish, and poultry under federal inspection, and are approved for packaging materials which come into direct contact with such poultry or food products. Such waxes are relatively easy to deploy since application temperatures run in the range of about 190-210 and the product, and have relatively low melting points in the range of about 125-140 The same moisture resistant characteristic of such carton material has formed an impediment to satisfactory use of repulped petroleum-based waxed paper products. Wax corrugated material or board packaging material is not generally considered to be an accepted source of secondary fiber. Small undispersed particles of wax can form dark spots on a sheet, often referred to as a wax spot, thereby providing an undesirable blemish. More importantly, only a small percentage of wax mixed within the cellulose fibers drastically reduces both the strength and the dry coefficient of friction, measured as a slide angle, of the finished carton product. A small percentage of residual wax in the furnish can reduce the coefficient of friction and the slide angle to the point where the resulting carton material is not acceptable. Existing OCC reclaiming systems, in most up-to-date paper and pulp mills, are state-of-the-art systems and function well on a furnish of traditional OCC. The introduction of varying amounts of wax material into such existing systems tends to upset that process, and contaminates the entire system. Also, a small amount of wax saturated OCC by volume or by weight, can add a significant amount of wax to mixed OCC and to a recycled paperboard furnish. Therefore, it is often necessary, in recycling, manually or by other means to separate out the heavily waxed cartons, to prevent an overloading of wax in the furnish. The principal obstacles to recycling waxed OCC is the resulting low paper-to-paper friction for packaging papers, the negative effect on strength, and generally reduced quality of the recycled product. Although cascade coated wax board products are beneficial and provide desirable moisture barrier and food compatible qualities at low costs, nevertheless this product carries with it the stigma that it is not considered to be recyclable, using presently known techniques. While petroleum wax coated or impregnated OCC represents approximately 5% of the U.S. production of corrugated carton material, only a small portion of this can be recycled and reclaimed, and then must be mixed with a very substantial portion of unwaxed OCC. Considerable efforts have been expended to improve the recyclability of petroleum waxed packaging products and improve the related processes. A major stumbling block has been the finding by leading researchers that waxed paper was not repulpable in a conventional hydra pulper. McEwen and Wang "OCC Recycling: Improving The Repulpability Of Wax Coated Corrugated Paperboard" Tappi 1992 Pulping Conference Book 2, Nov. 1-15, 1992, pages 493-502 concluded that waxed corrugated carton is not an acceptable source of secondary fiber and that commercially available carton coatings (wax) are considered non-repulpable. In repulpability tests, the pulper was operated at a temperature below the melting point of the wax, for the purpose of allowing the wax to remain in pieces, for subsequent screening and cleaning. When the temperature in the pulper was raised from 49 to 68 defibered but most of the wax softened and deposited on the pulper surface, an unsatisfactory result. McEwen and Wang went on then to test the effect of adding chemicals to the wax prior to the wax being applied for the purpose of promoting the release of the wax component, in repulping, of the paper fibers from the wax in order to maintain pulping temperatures far below the wax melting point. Back and Jousimaa, "Wax Removal After Alkaline Hot Dispersion On A Pilot Plant Scale, Autodispersible Waxes For Recyclable Packaging Of Papers," Progress in Paper Recycling, November 1955, pages 91-99, describe the results of using a wax coating which has been previously specially modified with fatty acids to facilitate subsequent removal from OCC. Pulping was accomplished in a chest at a temperature well below the congealing temperature of the wax, and hot dispersion was accomplished in a separate disk refiner at a pH of about 11.0 with wax removal taking place in one or more dewatering screws. Removal of such pre-treated wax using a low pitch screw press was observed as high as 90%. No data is given on the removal of unmodified petroleum waxes. Galland, Vernac, and Brun, "Recycling Of Wax Papers & Boards," Tappi, Mar. 5-7, 1996, Tappi Recycling Symposium, pages 81-89 describes experimental efforts to remove conventional untreated wax from OCC. The wax coated paper was repulped at low temperature to avoid deposition of wax in the pulper pipes and chests. Subsequently, wax dispersion was accomplished in a separate kneader, and conventional screening was attempted to remove the wax. After two screening passes the total efficiency did not exceed 86%, and the 21/2% residual wax was considered as rendering the combination inefficient. Flotation using deinking flotation cells provided a higher efficiency of nearly 95%. Flotation appeared to be the most appropriate technique to remove wax although the flotation cell induced an additional loss of 15 to 20% of the pulp. This reject rate appeared to the authors to be too high for papermakers to economically produce corrugated paper. There accordingly exists a long felt need to provide a method and system by which unmodified wax content of waxed OCC or by which an excessive was content of a furnish may be efficiently and effectively removed or reduced, without wax buildup in the tanks and pipes, without unacceptable degradation of the pulp, with acceptable losses, to produce a dewaxed paper pulp having a wax content of 1% or less. There is likewise a need for an efficient process for pretreating a waxed furnish so that it may be introduced without detriment into an existing OCC system. The invention is directed to a new an unobvious method and apparatus for removing wax from OCC and wax coated paper materials in which unmodified or conventional petroleum-based waxes are removed to a percentage of 1% or less in the resulting furnish using relatively low cost, conventional paper pulp defibering and washing equipment. Corrugated carton material may contain varying percentages of petroleum wax depending on the manner in which the wax has been added to the product. Generally, and commonly, the wax is applied by cascade applicators, by curtain coaters, or by dipping, in which the material of the carton is effectively submerged in the molten wax product. Typically, wax pickups by the untreated carton material may be as high as 45-50% or more by weight of the untreated material. Such material after treatment is considered to be saturated by the liquid wax. In the practice of the invention to disassociate and remove petroleum wax from waxboard or packaging materials (waxed OCC) the separate wax dispersion step, as practiced or attempted in prior art arrangements, identified above, is eliminated. This has the advantage of reducing the complexity of the system and correspondingly lowering the cost. The waxed OCC is pulped in a paper stock pulping machine including a bottom or side extraction bed plate and a driven impeller at the bed plate. A Hydrapulper impeller as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,007 may be used, as supplied by Thermo Black Clawson, Inc., 605 Clark Street, Middletown, Ohio 45042 (hereinafter "Black Clawson"). The Hydrapulper the old carton material and disperses the wax content. Once the furnish has been defibered and the wax content dispersed at an elevated temperature in the Hydrapulper subject to the usual treatments of OCC fiber reclaiming including trash removal, course and fine screening, followed then by separation of the dispersed wax and water emulsion from the fibers. An important characteristic of the system is that all process steps from pulping through wax separation are carried out at a temperature above the melting temperature of the wax. All "cold" surfaces are eliminated, such as by preheating, and maintained at a temperature so that, at each stage, the fluid and all flow conduits, tanks and pressure vessels are maintained at a working temperature that exceeds the wax melting temperature, with the result that there is no tendency for wax to build up on walls of tanks, on pipes or in valves, thus permitting all system components to operate efficiently. The system may be batch operated or operated continuously. When batch operated, all parts should be preheated with hot water and/or steam. High efficiency pressure washing apparatus is used for separating the good fibers from the heated wax and water emulsion. This is accomplished by subjecting the suspension to thickening and separation pressure vessels, namely, high speed rotating reverse pressure screens as sold by Black Clawson. The reverse pressure screen contains a screen cylinder with a micro-perforated or micro-slotted electron beam or laser beam drilled openings. Each of such reverse screens removes wax substantially in accordance with its hydraulic split characteristic of about 90/10. The stock is provided at the inlet at relatively low consistency, and a 90/10 split means that about 90% of the liquid content is removed in the screening apparatus. Thus, if the inlet consistency is 0.5%, the thickened pulp will have a theoretical consistency of 5%, and 90% of the wax/liquid content would have been removed. With a high wax content furnish, a plurality of such screens, such as two or three or as many as required to produce the desired result, may be connected in series or tandem relation and connected to have a counter current flow of cleaning liquid or filtrate from the last screen to the first. The freshest or cleanest liquid is applied to the last of the plurality of screens, and the liquid taken from the last screen is delivered to the inlet of the immediately preceding screen for stock dilution, and so forth back to the first of the screens. In this manner, a dispersed and emulsified wax content is effectively removed in the repeated thickening process through the screen perforations or slots and, at the same time, undesirable fines and water are removed along with the wax component. A certain amount of fines removal is beneficial, as fines generally do not have good papermaking qualities. An enhanced board furnish may thus be provided which has a substantially reduced residual wax content such as about 1% or less, and in any case less than the wax content now found in conventionally processed OCC with random and naturally occurring wax samples mixed in. The pressure screen used with this invention has been referred to as a "reverse" pressure cleaner because the "accepts" are collected at the inlet or high pressure side of the screen and the rejects are collected at the opposite or low pressure side of the screen. A drum-type rotor is positioned adjacent to the screen inlet surface. The rotor has on its surface impulse devices in the form of airfoil-shaped protuberances, known as "foils" and is rotated to maintain the fiber at the inlet surface of the screen in a continuously fluidized state, so that a fiber mat is prevented from forming on and blocking the screen inlet surface. The screen openings are of such dimensions that the heated wax emulsion is effectively separated from the fibers without blocking of the openings, since the heated wax emulsion freely flows through the small screen openings to the low pressure side of the screen. A certain amount of fines are also removed along with wax. The fines generally do not have good paper making qualities and tend to reduce the strength of the product. The enhanced furnish which is thus supplied has predominantly long fibers, and is essentially free of wax, i.e., about 1% or less and as low as 3/10 of 1% or less using a plurality serially connected reverse screens. The wax from the wastewater may be recovered in a clarifier by dissolved air flotation, and a particularly useful equipment for this purpose is the D-A-F "Supercell" manufactured by Krofta Engineering Corp., Lennox, Mass. 01240. Thereafter, the wax laden sludge may be used as a source of fuel or other wax by product uses. In another aspect of the invention, a reverse pressure screen is used in the method to reduce the wax content of conventionally repulped OCC. In this aspect, the process may be considered as "polishing" a paper pulp furnish which has an undesirable or unacceptably high wax content in excess of 1%. When it is considered that slide angle, in all grades of paperboard and paper carton material, is a significant problem, even a wax content as low as 2%, for example, may be undesirable. Since wax contents in this range seem to be pervasive, and tend to be recycled more than once, auxiliary means have been employed to increase the slip angle, such as by spraying the surface of the carton or board material with colloidal silica to increase its coefficient of friction. In some instances, further increase of the slip angle by more thorough reduction of wax content would permit the elimination of auxiliary treatments and systems for the purpose of increasing the friction between sheets of paper board material. Under these circumstances, and following the teachings of this invention, even a single reverse pressure screen, with a hydraulic split of 10:1, has the capability of reducing such wax content by about 90%. It is accordingly an important object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus by which petroleum or petroleum-based wax may be effectively removed from waxed OCC cartons or similar sources of paper fiber, for recycling such fiber and for providing a usable board furnish with a minimum wax content, and with a minimum decrease in friction characteristics of paperboard made from such stock. A further important object of the invention is the provision of a method, as outlined above, by which a petroleum wax constituent is separated from paper fibers in a hydrapulper at elevated temperature, and in which the wax laden liquid fraction is removed by screening in high pressure "reverse" screens having very small apertures or openings and in which the stock suspension is maintained in a fluidized condition with the wax and waste liquid component passing through the screen openings leaving a thickened and substantially de-waxed furnish. A still further object of the invention is the provision of a method, as outlined above, in which a plurality of such screens are arranged in serial or tandem fashion with counter current wastewater connections, in which the cleanest water is applied for dilution at the last of such screens and the wastewater from such screen is applied to the immediately proceeding screen as dilution water, etc. A still further object of the invention is the provision of a method in which waxed OCC material is pulped in a pulper at relatively high consistency and under elevated conditions of temperature and alkalinity, in which the resulting pulp is screened through conventional course and fine screenings, and in which the screened product having a dispersed wax emulsion is applied at low consistency serially to the inlets of revolving reverse pressure screens, in which the pulp component is maintained in a fluidized condition under pressure and in which a major portion of the liquid component is extracted through fine openings or slots in the screen, with a liquid wax component, along with a certain amount of fines and ash. It is preferably to employ a plurality of such pressure screens connected in serial arrangement with counter current flow of dilution liquid. Another object of the invention is the provision of a method, as outlined above, in which one or more reverse pressure screens are employed and operated to "polish" an existing recycled suspension of paper pulp, for making a further significant reduction in the wax content of such pulp. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims. Benefit of the co-pending U.S. Provisional Application entitled "REDUCING WAX CONTENT AND ENHANCING QUALITY OF RECYCLED PULP FROM OCC AND WASTE PAPER," Ser. No. 60/032,744 filed Dec. 16, 1996, Attorney Docket BKS 274 P2-USP is claimed. Patent Citations
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- Tuesday 10 December 2013
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Surprise slump in UK output raises chance of more QE
Worrying signs of a dire October for the economy and a surprise slump for Britain's industrial base raised the pressure on the Bank of England to inject billions more into the UK recovery tomorrow.
The National Institute for Economic and Social Research signalled a sharp slowdown for the economy last month with growth of 0.5 per cent in the quarter to October – half the 1 per cent pace seen between July and September.
The forecasts came after a 1.7 per cent slide in industrial production during September – largely driven by maintenance shutdowns in the oil and gas sector – which was far worse than expected by the City.
Manufacturers increased output by a marginal 0.1 per cent, although this made little impression on a 1.2 per cent downwardly revised slide for the sector in August.
September's industrial production was 2.6 per cent down on a year earlier, marking an 18th month in a row of year-on-year decline according to the Office for National Statistics.
Capital Economics' UK economist Samuel Tombs warned that Britain's economic recovery is "quickly losing momentum again".
He said: "While the MPC [Monetary Policy Committee] may pause QE [quantitative easing] at its meeting later this week, if the economic data remain this weak, it may not be long before the committee has to provide the economy with further stimulus."
The pound dropped a third of a cent to a session low of $1.5963 following the figures, as traders bet the news raised the chances that the MPC will extend its QE – currently standing at £375bn – on Thursday.
Industrial production accounts for 15 per cent of the economy, although the figures can be volatile – as shown by the 20.9 per cent slump in oil and gas extraction over the month.
Deutsche Bank's chief UK economist George Buckley said: "It could have a sizable effect on Q4 [fourth quarter] as the level of output going into the quarter is much lower than had been anticipated.
"Overall manufacturing output was up, but again weaker than expected. This provides more evidence on the fragility of the recovery, and suggests a close MPC vote on Thursday."
A cautionary tale for ambitious would-be authors
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Gurdwaras-turned-food banks: Sikh temples are catering for rise in Britain's hungry
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'I'm experiencing austerity as well', says Princess Michael of Kent
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- 3 Teenage girl convicted of robbery after taking pre-crime selfie wielding knife
- 4 Newly vegan Beyoncé wears fox fur to dine in meat free restaurant
- 5 'I'm experiencing austerity as well', says Princess Michael of Kent
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January 11, 2012
My husband and I have been visiting the Carolina Raptor Center for almost five years now. The people are friendly, the center is well maintained and the birds are beautiful. Children and adults can learn from the educational programs and all the volunteers are extremely knowledgeable. We actually live three hours away, but make time to visit the raptor center at least three or four times a year. Love it!
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Monday Essentials: Craft Beer Cellar to Host Brewmaster Jack Beer Tasting
Check out a sampling of activities going on Aug. 19-23.
Here is a sampling of five things going on Aug. 19-23 in Winchester:
1. Craft Beer Cellar New England Annex will be hosting a Brewmaster Jack beer tasting event from 5-7 p.m. Thursday, according to Craft Beer Cellar's Facebook page.
2. The Winchester Board of Appeal meets at 7:45 p.m. Tuesday at Town Hall in the Selectmen's Meeting Room, according to the town website.
3. Seniors can enjoy a game of Texas Hold'em poker at 1 p.m. Wednesday, according to the Jenks Senior Center website.
4. Winchester Public Library will be hosting an Afternoon Book Club from 1-2:15 p.m. Tuesday in the Small Meeting Room, according to the library website.
5. There will be a School Committee session at 7 p.m. Tuesday at the Board of Selectmen's Meeting Room at Town Hall, according to the town website.
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Autumn Statement: The Key Poi...
The main measures and forecasts as outlined by the Chancellor George Osborne in his Autumn Statement:
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Lorna meets the voice of her life, Luke, for a spot of blind dating. Sam joins them to see the blooming romance
Mischievous funny man Russell Brand is reportedly dating Ginger Spice Geri Halliwell! Find out all about it.
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Jensen Jensen 3-Speed Stereo Turntable with AM/FM Stereo Radio - Silver (JTA-220)
Get out those vinyl records gathering dust and breathe new life into your collection with a classic-looking silver stereo turntable from Jensen. Plays at 3 speeds and comes with an AM/FM stereo. Comes with built-in speakers, but for fuller ...sound, you can easily connect the turntable to a stereo system. : AM/FM Tuner, 3 SpeedTurntable Drive Type: Belt DriveTurntable Speed: 45 RPM, 78 RPMBuilt-In Speakers: YesFunctions: Built-in Speakers, AM/FM RadioOutput Type: SpeakerPower Source: Plug-in Electric PoweredIncludes: User ManualDimensions: 6.25 " H x 12.5 " W x 10.63 " D Weight: 7.4 Lb.Warranty Description: Limited 90 Day WarrantyBattery no battery usedsee specificationssee shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
Enjoy listening to all your vintage vinyl with a 3-speed turntable by Jensen. System comes with an AM/FM radio, cassette deck, and... 2-CD player, so you can enjoy quality sound with diverse media. Plus, it's compatible with digital audio players like iPods. Remote control allows you easy navigation through all your options. Home Stereo System : AM/FM Stereo, CD Player Media Type Compatibility: CD-R/RW Discs File Formats Supported: MP3 Disc Capacity: 2 Wattage Output: 4 Watts Frequency Response: 20Hz-20kHz Number of Cassette Decks: 1 Number of FM Presets: 0 Number of AM Presets: 0 Speaker Features: Full Range Speakers, Headphone Jack Number of Speakers: 2 Number of Headphone Jacks: 1 Dimensions: 8.38 " H x 12.75 " W x 11.5 " D Weight: 18.2 Lb. Warranty Description: Limited 90 Day Warranty Battery Required, included: 2 alkaline AAA see specifications see shipping and returns review this item Read More
Mix your own music from your iPod or other MP3 player with a Jensen DJ mixer. Have fun with effects as you scratch the jog wheel a...nd throw in some beats with easy-to-use controls for tempo and cue. Start the party by using the line-out jack to connect this mixer to an amplified speaker system. : iPod Connector Model Compatibility: iPod Touch, iPod Nano, iPod Classic, iPod Mini, iPod Shuffle Media Type Compatibility: MP3 Number of Speakers: 1 Number of Headphone Jacks: 1 Functions: MP3 Player Input Type: 3.5mm Jack, Headphone Jack Power Source: AC Adapter Includes: AC Power Adapter see specifications see shipping and returns review this item Read More
Enhance your enjoyment of your iPad by using a portable stereo speaker by Jensen. Unique design doubles as a folding stand, so you... can orient your tablet horizontally or vertically while you enjoy clear sound. This versatile device can be powered with batteries or an AC adapter. An auxiliary jack lets you play sound from other portable electronics too. Model Compatibility: iPad, iPad 2 Number of Speakers: 2 Functions: Built-in Speakers Power Source: AC Adapter, Battery-Powered Includes: AC Power Adapter Not Included: iPad, iPod, iPhone see specifications see shipping and returns review this item Read More
Enhance the sound from your computer or portable audio device with a portable speaker/subwoofer by Jensen. Comes with a USB cable ...to connect the speaker to your computer. Plus, you can use the line input cord to use the speaker with other portable devices like MP3 players. For flexibility, the speaker can operate with batteries or even from an AC adapter. Speaker : Built-In Amplification No. of Speakers Included: 2 Front/Mid/Rear Peak Power: 1 Watts Wired Connectivity: USB, 3.5mm Jack Includes: USB Cable, Audio Cable Not Included: iPhone, iPod, iPad, MP4 Player, MP3 Player Battery Required, not included: 4 alkaline AAA see specifications see shipping and returns guest rating overall 3 of 5 stars Quality 3 of 5 stars Sound Quality 2.5 of 5 stars Value 3.5 of 5 stars see guest reviews Read More
This unique speaker from Jensen lets you use a variety of flat surfaces to experience dynamic sound from your portable electronics.... Simply attach the speaker with its integrated suction cup base to a tabletop, window, or door to prepare yourself to enjoy a dynamic sound experience. Line input jack gives you a direct connection for your iPad or other portable audio device. Comes with a remote control for easy operation and convenience. Speaker : 360-Degree Sound, Built-In Amplification No. of Speakers Included: 1 Front/Mid/Rear Peak Power: 3 Watts Wired Connectivity: Standard Auxilary Input Includes: Audio Cable, Remote Control Not Included: iPod, iPad, iPhone, MP3 Player see specifications see shipping and returns review this item Read More
Wish your entire neighborhood a joyous holiday season with this battery-operated LED sign that proclaims "Merry Christmas." The si...gn comes with hooks, so it's simple to hang anywhere you want. The included timer lets you control when it turns on or off. Number of Pieces: 2 Includes: Lights, Hooks: Lit, TimerOperational Modes: LightsPower Source: Battery-PoweredMaterial: Plastic, MetalItem Type: Seasonal Window DecorationBattery: Required, not included: 3 alkaline AAHome Accessory Placement: WindowDimensions: 12.0 " H x 18.0 " W Quantity: 1see shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
As your child transitions to his or her first bed, the DaVinci Modena toddler bed is a safe and sleek choice. Made of pine, this m...odel comes with dual removable guard rails. The white finish adds a modern look to this sturdy piece. Your baby is ready for her very own bed Left and right removable guard rails 10" railing height Designed to have the higher end placed up against a wall 28Hx29.5Wx54L" Frame Material: Pine Finish: Painted Safety and Security : Includes Guardrails Manufacturer's Suggested Age: 2 Years and Up Maximum Weight Capacity: 50.0 Lb. Care and Cleaning: Wipe Clean With a Damp Cloth Dimensions: 28.0 " H x 29.5 " W x 54.0 " D Weight: 47.5 Lb. Assembly Details: assembly required see shipping and returns guest rating overall 4 of 5 stars Quality 4 of 5 stars Style 4 of 5 stars Value 5 of 5 stars see guest reviews Read More
The SportRack SR4611 Upright Locking Rooftop Bike Rack allows you to take your bikes to those great outdoor trails safely without ...scratching your car or bike. The universal mounting system with large wheel trays allows this bike rack to mount directly to virtually all factory rack crossbars, Thule and other style of crossbars with a 3.5-inch max diameter. The fully padded, clamping jaws won't impact your bike?s frame, fits 1-inch to 2.5-inch diameter and elliptical bike frames and is compatible with just about any bicycle size and shape (BMX bikes, kids, women's, hybrids, road bikes and mountain bikes). The adjustable locking cam system and interchangeable lock keeps your bike securely fastened so that it won?t slip or fall off your car and the large overlap on the bike frame provides extra security. The SportRack SR4611 Upright Locking Rooftop Bike Rack is a complete bicycle carrier system that includes an instruction manual, universal mounting roof rack crossbar hardware, super-strong, no-stretch velcro wheel straps and lock and key. This rooftop rack measures 32.5-inches (L) by 10.5-inches (H) by 2.8-inches (W), weights 9.8-pounds and holds up to 45-pounds. The SportRack SR4611 Upright Locking Rooftop Bike Rack comes with a limited lifetime warranty. The SportRack is a brand of the Thule Group. Started in Granby, Quebec, Canada in 1980, SportRack?s historical line of ?easy- on/easy-off? products has continued to this day. SportRack offers a vast array of multi-sport roof rack systems and accessories, hitch-mounted products, cargo boxes and truck-mounted racks for the active family looking for quality products at a great value. Backed and tested by Thule, a global leader in automotive racks, these products carry a limited lifetime warranty. SportRack ? Play Outside! see shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
A Burmeister 16" bike by Mantis is the perfect gift for sporty boys. Sturdy steel frame, knobby tires, and coaster brakes make it ...durable and safe for multiple trips around the neighborhood. Adjustable seat height grows with your little boy. Training wheels are included, making this the ideal starter bike for beginner riders. Manufacturer's Suggested Age: 10 Years and Up Gear Speeds: 1 Bicycle Frame Height: 10" Bicycle Frame Material: Steel Seat : Adjustable Seat Height Seat Material: Vinyl Brake System: Coaster Rear Brake System: Coaster Bicycle Chain Material: Aluminum Pedal Material: Plastic Rim Material: Metal Alloy Front Wheel Height: 16" Rear Wheel Height: 16.0 " Tire Type: Knobby Tire Width: 2" Includes: Kickstand Maximum Weight Capacity: 40.0 Lb. Care and Cleaning: Wipe Clean With a Damp Cloth Dimensions: 42.0 " L x 11.0 " W x 22.0 " H Weight: 22.0 Lb. Warranty Description: 1 Year Limited Manufacturer Warranty Assembly Details: assembly required see shipping and returns guest rating overall 2 of 5 stars Value not rated Easy to Setup not rated Quality not rated see guest reviews Read More
Decorate your daughter's bed with this adorable Disney Tangled Sheet Set including 2 pillowcases. Vibrant girly colors adorn these... pillowcases along with images of Princess Rapunzel with pretty flower patterns. Accent the d�cor in her room with a theme she'll love to be a part of. Thread Count: 132Number of Pieces: 2 Includes: 2 PillowcasesFiber Content: 60 % Polyester, 40 % CottonCare and Cleaning: Machine wash, cold, Non chlorine bleach when needed, Tumble dry, normal, low heat, Iron, lowsee shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
Let your new extra-little one enjoy the comfort of this Preemie Newborn Girls' Gown, Blanket and Cap Set from Luvable Friends. The... set includes 3 adorable pink pieces: a long-sleeve gown, a darling receiving blanket and a matching hat. These pink preemie baby clothes and the blanket are made of super-soft, 100% cotton. Number of Pieces: 3 Includes: Blanket, HatSizing: Newborn (0-12 months)Apparel; Type: NightgownMaterial: 100 % CottonSleeve Length: Long sleeveClosure Style: PulloverCare and Cleaning: Machine wash, cold Tumble dry, normal, low heatsee shipping and returnsreview this item Read More
Includes: BlanketFiber Content: 100 % PolyesterCare and Cleaning: Machine WashDimensions: 30.0 " L x 40.0 " Wsee shipping and retu...rnsreview this item Read More
Includes: BlanketFiber Content: 100 % PolyesterCare and Cleaning: Machine WashDimensions: 30.0 " L x 40.0 " Wsee shipping and retu...rnsreview this item Read More
Fiber Content: 100 % PolyesterDimensions: 90.0 " L x 62.0 " W Care and Cleaning: Machine wash, cold, Non chlorine bleach when need...ed, Tumble dry, normal, low heat, Do not iron, Do not dry cleansee shipping and returnsguest rating overall1 of 5 stars Qualitynot rated Comfortnot rated see guest reviews Read More
You want sheets that are comfortable, affordable and easy to clean. You want Room Essentials� Easy Care Sheet Set. Priced for stoc...king up and available in a wide range of prints and colors, these cotton-rich bed sheets are soft and breathable. Each sheet set includes 1 fitted sheet, 1 flat sheet and 2 pillowcases with classic French-flat closures (twin set includes 1 pillowcase). Available in Twin, Full, Queen, King and California King sizes. Machine washable. Thread Count: 225Number of Pieces: 4 Pillowcase : French-Flat ClosuresIncludes: 1 Flat Sheet, 1 Fitted Sheet, 2 Pillowcases included in Full, Queen, King, Cal King setWeave Type: PlainDecorative Accents: Printed DesignFiber Content: 60 % Cotton, 40 % PolyesterDimensions: 102.0 " L x 108.0 " W Care and Cleaning: Machine wash, cold, Non chlorine bleach when needed, Tumble dry, normal, low heatsee shipping and returnsguest rating overall3 of 5 stars Quality3.5 of 5 stars Comfort3 of 5 stars see guest reviews Read More


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Call Center Agent - Full-Time Customer Service (On-Site)
Guthy|Renker Fulfillment Services, LLC
Arden, NC
Under the direct supervision of the Supervisor, answers inbound customer service and inbound sales phone calls, respond i ng to requests in a courteous, helpful, and efficient manner. Must effectively offer upsells, attempt to save cancelling customers and close sales while fostering optimal customer relations.
Job Responsibilities (Essential Functions)
1. Answers incoming telephone calls for specified product line(s).
2. Addresses customer issues and provides effective problem resolution.
3. Offers "upsells" as required by client on both customer care and sales calls.
4. Utilizes selling techniques and follows prescribed sales process to meet revenue per order and sales conversion goals on inbound sales.
5. Maintains customer retention percentages for various product lines by "saving" the sale.
6. Accurately and reliably provides timely information to customer regarding general inquiries, billing, product information, cancellations, instructions, and recommendations.
7. Accurately and reliably processes customer order / changes (to include re-orders and replacements) according to established departmental policies and procedures.
8. Obtains and documents management approvals to process non-routine customer transactions.
9. Accurately and reliably provides timely feedback to Customer Care Supervisor regarding service failure or customer concerns that were not resolved.
10. Reviews product material to gain familiarity with assigned product line, pricing, delivery schedules, promotional offerings, and other pertinent product information.
11. May capture additional demographic information or conduct surveys as required by the client.
12. Enters appropriate transaction/disposition code for each call.
13. Uses GRFS or client-specific Order Entry/Fulfillment system via a company computer to create, access and update customer records.
14. Regular and reliable attendance.
15. Adherence to all company policies and procedures.
16. Other duties / responsibilities may be assigned to this position at the manager's discretion.
Job Requirements (Evaluation Factors:
Skills, Knowledge, Experience, and Ability)
High school diploma or GED required.
Typing speed of 45 words per minute preferred.
Working knowledge and proficiency in using Personal Computers (PC specific, not MAC) including the skills necessary to understand and communicate with computers (hardware and software basics, file management and computer networks). Experience with Microsoft Office (i.e., Word, Excel, Outlook, etc.) preferred.
Excellent verbal, written and interpersonal communication skills.
Ability to add, subtract, multiply, divide and apply those skills to calculate discounts, sales tax, proportions, percentages, and reductions.
Ability to type and/or manipulate computer screens and carry on a conversation at the same time.
Advanced proficiency with internet and email systems required.
Previous customer service or prior work experience dealing with the public required.
Experience in Call center environment preferred.
This position requires three to six months training to become proficient in all phases of the job.
In-Bound Sales – Sales experience preferred.
Contact with Others
Internal contacts are limited primarily to immediate associates, help desk personnel, Work Force Management (schedulers) and Supervisor. Continuous external contact with customers.
Confidential Data
Sees and records private credit card numbers to process customer order. Works in a PCI environment requiring compliance.
Scrupulously maintains the confidentially of customer's credit card numbers and other sensitive identifying information; and takes all reasonable precautions to eliminate the risk of misappropriation of any such information (or of documentation of such information) by anyone with access to the employee's home office environment or documentation produced in the course of the employees work.
Responsibility for Accuracy
Probable errors are typographical in nature (transposing, mis-keying), but could pose customer service issues. Work is checked at random by quality assurance, but service could be affected by the time inaccuracies are caught. Inappropriate handling of customer could result in loss of business.
Physical Demand
Little physical effort required. Sitting is required 85% of the time.
Mental Effort
Requires normal mental and visual attention.
Perceptive, Cognitive and Communicative Requirements
Continuous ability to perceive and understand information provided by the customer to the agent, and continuous ability to communicate effectively, appropriate responses to such information to both the customer and Contact Center. Must be able to accurately perceive and verbally describe product information (descriptions, usage, ingredients, benefits, colors, etc.)
Resourcefulness / Initiative
Works independently under the direct supervision of the Customer Care Supervisor. Duties are routine, but must be performed without specific instructions. Nature of work is based upon standard procedure, verbal instructions, or duties previously taught to employee. Requires the use of judgment within established procedures.
Must be able to probe customers in order to make sales and retain customer base.
At-Home Agent: Must be highly motivated and self-disciplined
In-Bound Sales: Must be highly motivated to sell.
Exposed to normal office environment, but frequently communicating with disgruntled or irate customers.
At-Home Agent: Employee must have a quiet and comfortable working environment at home that will permit the employee, when working, to focus exclusively on customer's needs without interruption and will be free of disruptions that might be discernable by the customer (e.g., audible sounds of children, pets, background conversations, appliances, electronic devices of any kind, traffic, etc.). The work environment, as far as the customer is concerned, must duplicate an office environment as closely as possible so that the customer will not know that the employee if working from home.
Guthy|Renker Fulfillment Services, LLC
12 months ago
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New Storage Offerings Reduce Complexity
New Storage Offerings Reduce Complexity
Brian Fonseca
Posted 2004-09-20
Network Appliance, Cisco, Microsoft and others at the Storage Decisions show plan to unveil advanced storage management and backup recovery tools designed to help enterprises handle rapidly expanding data volumes.
Exploding data volumes and the increasing complexity of storage topologies are driving enterprise customers to look for better storage management and backup recovery tools. Ready to assist these companies is a growing cast of hardware and software vendors, such as
Storability Software
Inc., Network Appliance Inc., LiveVault Corp., Cisco Systems Inc. and Microsoft Corp., each of which will use the Storage Decisions show in Chicago this week to unveil new offerings that give users a better handle on data.
Storability will unveil Version 4.0 of its Global Storage Manager platform, which features a new application-aware Views capability that displays how much storage each application is using on a particular device. In addition, the upgrade, due in November, has change management and tracking features that identify infrastructure alterations. It also can spot all tapes in a storage environment containing expired backup images, said Storability officials in Southboro, Mass.
Storability customer Robert Bellanti, vice president of KeyBank, a subsidiary of KeyCorp, said he needs better storage automation and management tools to offset the need to hire more people. "When I came to KeyBank, we had seven people managing 7 terabytes on the mainframe. Now we have five people managing 50 terabytes," said Bellanti in Cleveland. "You cant keep scaling your staff to manage the growing data. You need automation tools to be able to accomplish that."
Click here
to read how Network Appliance expanded its midrange line of storage systems.
Other vendors are taking different approaches to solve similar storage management issues.
of Santa Clara, Calif., will introduce LockVault, software that secures unstructured data, including PDF files and Microsoft Word documents. The software automates backup of the information by copying and storing only blocks of data written since the most recent backup. The data cannot be edited or deleted before a specified expiration date.
is also getting into the act with the announcement of a hosted version of its backup service called LiveVault AutoOffsite. Targeted for release in the first quarter, the new service provides assurance of off-site data protection by replicating backup images off-site for archiving and enhanced recoverability, said officials in Marlboro, Mass. For its part, Cisco this week will unveil software features for the Cisco MDS 9000 Family of Multilayer Intelligent Directors and Fabric Switches to enhance SAN (storage area network) transfers and privacy while reducing WAN latency. Due next quarter, the new features include tape acceleration for Fibre Channel over IP to speed I/Os during remote backups, as well as hardware-assisted data compression over FCIP. Microsoft is expected to introduce software partnerships that will put some strength behind a new push to provide automated disk-based backup and recovery, according to sources familiar with the Redmond, Wash., companys plans. A Microsoft spokesperson declined to comment.
Check out eWEEK.coms
Storage Center
for the latest news, reviews and analysis on enterprise and business storage hardware and software.
Brian Fonseca is a senior writer at eWEEK who covers database, data management and storage management software, as well as storage hardware. He works out of eWEEK's Woburn, Mass., office. Prior to joining eWEEK, Brian spent four years at InfoWorld as the publication's security reporter. He also covered services, and systems management. Before becoming an IT journalist, Brian worked as a beat reporter for The Herald News in Fall River, Mass., and cut his teeth in the news business as a sports and news producer for Channel 12-WPRI/Fox 64-WNAC in Providence, RI. Brian holds a B.A. in Communications from the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
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The Olympic women's marathon will proceed as planned today, said an Athens Olympic Committee spokesman on yesterday, despite brutal conditions that might be dangerous for the runners.
''We know we are starting at 6,'' said the spokesman, Pierre Kosmidis. ''It is confirmed for tomorrow.''
There are 82 runners on the start list for the race, and the number to finish will depend partly on their ability to withstand the broiling temperatures. It is expected to be 95 degrees in Athens on Sunday, and 91 when the race starts at 6 p.m., with 50 percent humidity.
Nikos Lourados, a forecaster for the Hellenic National Meteorological Center in Athens, said the wet-bulb globe temperature, which factors temperature, wind and relative humidity, would be at 31, a dangerous level, at the start of the race.
''If it goes between 28 and 30, exercise should be limited for everyone except people who are well familiar with the conditions,'' Lourados said. ''And if it gets more than 30, exercising outdoors should be stopped.''


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Thursday October 24th Thursday November 14th Wednesday December 18th, 2013 7:30-9pm Doors Open at 7:15pm |
WOMP STOMP African Dance Influenced Ecstatic Dance Party |
Join the Tribe! Womp Stomp is BACK! Come dance and really feel the ((womp)) through a BIG BASS SOUND SYSTEM! ORDER TICKETS *if you bought tickets for the 17th they WILL be honored on the 24th. Please email email@example.com with questions :: What is Womp Stomp? :: Part Dance. Part Tribe. Part Bass Music. Pure Heart. Womp Stomp invites you to Join the Tribe! Womp Stomp is THE tribal fusion dance experience for our bass music-loving culture! During this interactive dance workshop, you as the participant are guided through simple West African-inspired dance steps, and then 'dropped' in to freestyle dance. This alternating pattern of guided and freestyle dancing propels you to unleash your own wild freeform movement expression through vibrational bass music. Bass Music is dubstep, glitch, trap, crunk, breakbeat, downtempo... wompy beats. Womp stomp is based on a foundational principle of bringing bass music, love, and consciousness into the community, making the spirit of dance accessible to all people. Together we will journey through electronic soundscapes, get our energy flowing, heart open, mind awakened, and get down to the ((WOMP)) that we love. Kristi SolFire will be your guide on this Womp Stomp journey. With a West African and conscious dance background aided by a love for human connection and low & dirty bass beats, Kristi SolFire founded Womp Stomp in Summer 2011, and has been leading weekly/monthly Womp Stomp dance workshops since then in Portland Oregon. Womp Stomp encourages intentional movement through bass music and has infused hundreds of souls with this bass experience across the globe since its founding. It has been a featured workshop at transformational festivals such as the Symbiosis Gathering (NV), Lucidity Festival (CA), and the Boom Festival (Portugal). For more information on the foundational principles of Womp Stomp and more info in general on all the fantastic Womp Sessions happening all over the world, check out: www.WompStomp.com 'Like' Womp Tribe on Facebook! facebook.com/womptribe You can email firstname.lastname@example.com with unanswered questions about Womp Stomp. Still not sure what to expect? Check out this Youtube clip! Reserve your spot! Save $ + show w/ advance tickets HERE Fanatic Womp Stomper level ~ $11 advance/no fees though October 23rd Womp Tribe Warrior level ~ $15 (standard price day of and at the door) *** There WILL be tickets at the door and for only $15 cash or credit w/no fees *** Refund policy: No refunds. However, you can transfer your ticket to someone else! All ages welcome! No dance experience necessary! Bring water, stay hydrated, wear movement clothes. Prepare for FUN in this interactive dance workshop! |


text: Results 1–10 of 444 for "Web Page"X related to "Size-based discrimination may be..." Refine Your Search Refine Your Search TopicEducation (58)Sexuality (38)Race (26)Children (21)Workplace issues (19) 41 more... [+] Emotional health (18)HIV & AIDS (18)Human rights (18)Law & psychology (18)Disability (17)Teens (16)Women & men (15)Aging (14)Socioeconomic status (13)Stress (12)Military (11)Ethics (10)Therapy (9)Violence (9)Addictions (8)Health disparities (7)Bullying (6)Obesity (6)Trauma (6)Alzheimer's (5)Parenting (5)Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (5)Immigration (4)Marriage & divorce (4)Depression (3)Hate crimes (3)Sexual abuse (3)Sport & exercise (3)Suicide (3)Testing issues (3)Death & dying (2)Environment (2)Learning & memory (2)Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (2)Safety & design (2)Abortion (1)Anger (1)Anxiety (1)Autism (1)Eating disorders (1)Natural disasters (1)Hide detailsDocument TypeWeb PageXYear2015 (1)2014 (1)2013 (16)2012 (21)2011 (51) 1 more... [+] 2010 (16)Hide detailsAuthor/ContributorKhubchandani, Anju (4)Akins, Chana K. (1)Altman, Irv (1)Armistead, Lisa (1)Barnett, Jeffrey (1) 29 more... [+] Brandt, Laura (1)Brewer, Charles (1)Castaneda-Sound, Carrie (1)Clark, Leslie (1)Desormeaux, Lyne (1)Ernst, Randy (1)Forehand, Rex (1)Hale, Karyn (1)Halpern, Diane F. (1)Harrell, Camara Jules P. (1)Hughes-Reid, Cheyenne (1)Jaquet, Brent (1)Johnson, W. Brad (1)Keita, Gwendolyn Puryear (1)Kendall-Tackett, Kathleen (1)Khan, Aliya (1)Klee, Anne (1)Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Concerns Office (1)Lines, Meghan McAuliffe (1)MacGillivray, William A. (1)Mandel, Bates (1)Mose, Edward (1)Rubin, Lisa R. (1)Sarabando, Marissa (1)Scarborough, Elizabeth (1)Simon, Patricia (1)Vaughan, Michelle D. (1)Weerts, Elise (1)Williams-Nickelson, Carol (1)Hide details Results 1–10 of 444 Previous 1 2 3 ... Next Relevance Title A-Z Title Z-A Newest First Oldest First Sort by: 1.Psychological Images in PublicationThis directory gives information on images of people who played a significant role in APA history.Web Page 2.Senate to Vote on Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2013APA took a number of steps urging the Senate to pass the Employment Non-Discrimination Act of 2013 (S. 815).Web Page (July 2013)3.How to Cope with DiscriminationMeifen Wei, PhD, was awarded APF's 2009 Division 17 Counseling Psychology Grant to examine the moderation and mediation roles of strategies for coping with discrimination among Asian-American adults. Web Page 4.APA endorses Student Non-Discrimination Act in 113th CongressThe Student Non-Discrimination Act would provide protection against harassment and discrimination for students in federally funded schools based on actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity.Web Page (January 2013)5.AccessibilityAPA Web sites are developed with the standards set forth in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) of the World Wide Web Consortium Web Accessibility Initiative (W3C WAI). APA Web sites conform to the WCAG Priority 2 level, which removes significant barriers to accessing Web pages and documents.Web Page 6.Glossary of Psychological TermsA glossary giving definitions of common psychological terminology.Web Page 7.APA Initiatives on Immigration and Related Issues: Over a Decade of Education, Outreach, and AdvocacyOver the last decade, APA has engaged in education, outreach and advocacy on behalf of immigrants.Web Page 8.Paycheck Fairness Act introduced in U.S. Senate, HouseThe legislation would close loopholes in current law that enable wage discrimination based on gender and make key progress toward eliminating the gender wage gap.Web Page 9.APA Joins National Coalition in Call for Federal LGBT Workplace ProtectionsAPA joins a coalition of dozens of organizations to support the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) in co-signing a letter urging Congress members to co-sponsor the bill.Web Page (April 2013)10.APA again endorses the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)APA joined 88 other organizations in asking members of Congress to include lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) Americans under federal employment non-discrimination policies. Web Page (January 2012) Previous 1 2 3 ... Next Relevance Title A-Z Title Z-A Newest First Oldest First Sort by: ADVERTISEMENT Results 1–10 of 444 for "Web Page"X related to "Size-based discrimination may be..."


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Covers International Trade Commission cases and news. By Oblon Spivak.
Covers intellectual property (IP) issues Down Under. By Warwick Rothnie.
Covers copyright, patent, trade mark and privacy/confidentiality issues from a UK and European perspective.
Covers the harm of excess copyright enforcement. By Howard Knopf.
Covers the relationship between art and law with a focus on intellectual property, nonprofit tax-exempt organizations, free speech, and contemporary art. By Sergio Muñoz Sarmiento.
Offers insights on current developments in the intellectual property space, and discusses patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright information and news.
Covers trademark, patent and copyright infringement. By Overhauser Law Offices, LLC.
Covers patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and Internet issues. By Gene Quinn.
The Art of Technology
Covers trade secrets, non-competes and computer fraud. By Seyfarth & Shaw LLP.
Covers bloggers' rights, DMCA, DRM, intellectual property, privacy and security issues. From the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
Covers legal and investment issues facing emerging tech companies.
Covers Internet, technology and online marketing legal issues. Published by Santa Clara University School of Law Professor Eric Goldman.
Focuses on how the entertainment and media industries are impacted and influenced by the law. From The Hollywood Reporter.
Covers false advertising and intellectual property issues. By Professor Rebecca Tushnet.
By the Bennet Law Office.
Intellectual Property News IP Blog. Published by Mandour & Associates
Covers trademark law, including trademark litigation, infringement, registration and application issues. By Mandour & Associates, APC.
Covers legal, regulatory, marketplace and cultural issues affecting the information, communications and entertainment industries. By Rob Frieden.
Devoted to practice in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, with special emphasis on patent litigation. By Michael C. Smith.
Covers video game IP law. By Ross Dannenberg.
Covers IP issues of importance to clients in science, technology, healthcare, education, media and the arts. By Ober Kaler.
Features news, analysis and resources on patent law. From the Practicing Law Institute (PLI).
Covers patents, claim drafting tips, patent cases, patent legislation and patent prosecution. By Dennis Crouch.
Provides legal commentary on intellectual property and publishing from an author's perspective. By C.E. Petit.
By Gibbons, P.C.
Duke's source for advice and information about copyright and publication issues.
Covers global copyright and legal issues affecting the music industry.
By DLA Piper.
Covers content theft, plagiarism, and copyright issues on the Web. By Jonathan Bailey.
Covers developments and trends in all areas of the law that impact brands, including the creation, promotion and protection of branded products and services. By Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P.
Covers business and franchising law. By Mary Beth Gettins.
Covers IP/IT law, with a strong focus on copyright and internet law. By Barry Sookman.
Trademark, brand and social media news, analysis and tips.
Collaborative blog on advertising, intellectual property, and marketing.
Covers developments in patent law and litigation. By Stan Gibson of Jeffer Mangels Butler & Mitchell LLP.
Covers the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board. By John L. Welch.
Covers news, events and developments in business, intellectual property, employment law. By Morse, Barnes-Brown & Pendleton.
Covers African intellectual property news and views.
Edited by University of Miami School of Law Professor Michael Froomkin, The Journal of Things We Like (Lots)–JOTWELL–invites law professors to join us in filling a telling gap in legal scholarship by creating a space where legal academics will go to identify, celebrate, and discuss the best new legal scholarship.
Covers Northern District of Illinois intellectual property cases. By R. David Donoghue.
Intellectual property news affecting business and everyday life. From patent lawyer Lawrence B. Ebert.
Covers biotech and pharma patent law and news. By McDonnell Boehnen Hulbert & Berghoff.
Covers European patent law (in French).
Provides insight and commentary on patent post-grant options. By Oblon, Spivak, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt, LLP.


text:
Broad Creek Homes For Sale
Looking to move to the Broad Creek area in Norfolk? Here are the Broad Creek homes for sale!
Want to see inside? Call Tom Taylor at (757)589-1237 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Due to listing agent errors, some homes may show up outside of the area.
- MLS #1039995 933 Anna Street, Norfolk, VA 23502
beds: 4, baths: 2+1½, acres: 0.000, space: 2300, - MLS #1344182 964 Anna, Norfolk, VA 23502
beds: 3, baths: 2, acres: 0.500, space: 1875, - MLS #1341427 935 Anna Street, Norfolk, VA 23502
beds: 3, baths: 2, acres: 0.000, space: 1960,
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© 2013 Onjax, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
© 2013 Onjax, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Please Note: All information provided is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified. The property information provided on EXIT Realty Central Hampton Roads's websites is for personal, non-commercial use only and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing. Property information is gathered from third-party resources including the seller and public records. EXIT Realty Central Hampton Roads, Onjax, LLC, its affiliates, owners, subsidiaries and subscribers disclaim any and all representations or warranties as to the accuracy or reliability of the information provided. You should verify all claims through personal inspection and/or contact with the appropriate real estate professionals.
Last Updated 12/07/2013 - Some properties which appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have sold or may no longer be available.