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Theoretical Computer Science Open Archive
On selecting a maximum volume sub-matrix of a matrix and related problems
6 November 2009
Ali Çivril | Malik Magdon-Ismail
Abstract: Given a matrix A∈Rm×n (n vectors in m dimensions), we consider the problem of selecting a subset of its columns such that its elements are as linearly independent as possible. This notion turned out to be important in low-rank approximations to matrices and rank revealing QR factorizations which have been investigated in the linear algebra community and can be quantified in a few different ways. In this paper, from a complexity theoretic point of view, we propose four related problems in which we try to find a sub-matrix C∈Rm×k of a given matrix A∈Rm×n such that (i) σmax(C) (the largest singular value of C) is minimum, (ii) σmin(C) (the smallest singular value of C) is maximum, (iii) κ(C)=σmax(C)/σmin(C) (the condition number of C) is minimum, and (iv) the volume of the parallelepiped defined by the column vectors of C is maximum. We establish the NP-hardness of these problems and further show that they do not admit PTAS. We then study a natural Greedy heuristic for the maximum volume problem and show that it has approximation ratio 2−O(klogk). Our analysis of the Greedy heuristic is tight to within a logarithmic factor in the exponent, which we show by explicitly constructing an instance for which the Greedy heuristic is 2−Ω(k) from optimal. When A has unit norm columns, a related problem is to select the maximum number of vectors with a given volume. We show that if the optimal solution selects k columns, then Greedy will select Ω(k/logk) columns, providing a logk approximation.
Probe threshold and probe trivially perfect graphs
6 November 2009
Daniel Bayer | Van Bang Le | H.N. de Ridder
Abstract: An undirected graph G=(V,E) is a probeC graph if its vertex set can be partitioned into two sets, N (nonprobes) and P (probes) where N is independent and there exists E′⊆N×N such that G′=(V,E∪E′) is a C graph. In this article we investigate probe threshold and probe trivially perfect graphs and characterise them in terms of certain 2-Sat formulas and in other ways. For the case when the partition into probes and nonprobes is given, we give characterisations by forbidden induced subgraphs, linear recognition algorithms (in the case of probe threshold graphs it is based on the degree sequence of the graph), and linear algorithms to find a set E′ of minimum size. Furthermore, we give linear time recognition algorithms for both classes and a characterisation by forbidden subgraphs for probe threshold graphs when the partition (P,N) is not given.
On the directional dynamics of additive cellular automata
6 November 2009
A. Dennunzio | P. Di Lena | E. Formenti | L. Margara
Abstract: We continue the study of cellular automata (CA) directional dynamics, i.e. , the behavior of the joint action of CA and shift maps. This notion has been investigated for general CA in the case of expansive dynamics by Boyle and Lind; and by Sablik for sensitivity and equicontinuity. In this paper we give a detailed classification for the class of additive CA providing non-trivial examples for some classes of Sablik's classification. Moreover, we extend the directional dynamics studies by considering also factor languages and attractors.
Partitioning graphs into connected parts
6 November 2009
Pim van 't Hof | Daniël Paulusma | Gerhard J. Woeginger
Abstract: The 2-Disjoint Connected Subgraphs problem asks if a given graph has two vertex-disjoint connected subgraphs containing prespecified sets of vertices. We show that this problem is NP-complete even if one of the sets has cardinality 2. The Longest Path Contractibility problem asks for the largest integer ℓ for which an input graph can be contracted to the path Pℓ on ℓ vertices. We show that the computational complexity of the Longest Path Contractibility problem restricted to Pℓ-free graphs jumps from being polynomially solvable to being NP-hard at ℓ=6, while this jump occurs at ℓ=5 for the 2-Disjoint Connected Subgraphs problem. We also present an exact algorithm that solves the 2-Disjoint Connected Subgraphs problem faster than O∗(2n) for any n-vertex Pℓ-free graph. For ℓ=6, its running time is O∗(1.5790n). We modify this algorithm to solve the Longest Path Contractibility problem for P6-free graphs in O∗(1.5790n) time.
Progresses in the analysis of stochastic 2D cellular automata: A study of asynchronous 2D minority
6 November 2009
Damien Regnault | Nicolas Schabanel | Éric Thierry
Abstract: Cellular automata are often used to model systems in physics, social sciences, biology that are inherently asynchronous. Over the past 20 years, studies have demonstrated that the behavior of cellular automata drastically changes under asynchronous updates. Still, the few mathematical analyses of asynchronism focus on 1D probabilistic cellular automata, either on single examples or on specific classes. As for other classic dynamical systems in physics, extending known methods from 1D to 2D systems is a long lasting challenging problem.In this paper, we address the problem of analyzing an apparently simple 2D asynchronous cellular automaton: 2D Minority where each cell, when fired, updates to the minority state of its neighborhood. Our simulations reveal that in spite of its simplicity, the minority rule exhibits a quite complex response to asynchronism. By focusing on the fully asynchronous regime, we are however able to describe completely the asymptotic behavior of this dynamics as long as the initial configuration satisfies some natural constraints. Besides these technical results, we have strong reasons to believe that our techniques relying on defining an energy function from the transition table of the automaton may be extended to the wider class of threshold automata. 22An abstract version of this paper has been published in [D. Regnault, N. Schabanel, É. Thierry, Progresses in the analysis of stochastic 2D cellular automata: A study of asynchronous 2D minority, in: LNCS Proc. of 32nd Symp. of Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, MFCS, vol. 4708, Springer, 2007, pp. 320–332].
Scheduling with families of jobs and delivery coordination under job availability
6 November 2009
Shisheng Li | Jinjiang Yuan
Abstract: We consider in this paper the scheduling of families of jobs in which both processing and delivery are coordinated together. Only one vehicle is available to deliver the jobs to specified customers. The jobs can be processed together to form processing batches on the machine and setups of batches are required when the machine is changing from one family to another. Jobs from different families cannot be transported together by the vehicle. The objective is to minimize the time when the vehicle finishes delivering the last delivery batch to its customer and returns to the machine. We propose an O(nlogn)-time optimal algorithm for the scheduling problem under the group technology assumption. For the scheduling problem without the group technology assumption, we show that the problem is NP-hard and give an O(f2nf)-time dynamic programming algorithm, where n is the number of jobs, and f is the number of families; we also provide a heuristic algorithm with a performance ratio of 3/2.
On the Shyr–Yu theorem
6 November 2009
Pál Dömösi | Géza Horváth | Laurent Vuillon
Abstract: An alternative proof of Shyr–Yu theorem is given. Some generalizations are also considered using fractional root decompositions and fractional exponents of words.
Scheduling multiprocessor UET tasks of two sizes
6 November 2009
Tamás Kis
Abstract: In this paper we study task scheduling problems on m identical parallel processors, where each task has unit execution time, and needs either a single processor, or q processors concurrently, and it has a release date and a due date. Under the assumption that the release dates and due dates of the q-processor tasks are agreeable, we describe a polynomial time algorithm for minimising the number of tardy tasks. In addition, we apply this result for minimising the maximum lateness, and the maximum tardiness. We also discuss the combinatorial background of the polynomial time solvability of all these problems under the 'agreeable' assumption.
On the computational complexity of the languages of general symbolic dynamical systems and beta-shifts
6 November 2009
Jakob Grue Simonsen
Abstract: We consider the computational complexity of languages of symbolic dynamical systems. In particular, we study complexity hierarchies and membership of the non-uniform class P/poly. We prove: 1.For every time-constructible, non-decreasing function t(n)=ω(n), there is a symbolic dynamical system with language decidable in deterministic time O(n2t(n)), but not in deterministic time o(t(n)).2.For every space-constructible, non-decreasing function s(n)=ω(n), there is a symbolic dynamical system with language decidable in deterministic space O(s(n)), but not in deterministic space o(s(n)).3.There are symbolic dynamical systems having hard and complete languages under ≤mlogs- and ≤mp-reduction for every complexity class above LOGSPACE in the backbone hierarchy (hence, P-complete, NP-complete, coNP-complete, PSPACE-complete, and EXPTIME-complete sets).4.There are decidable languages of symbolic dynamical systems in P/poly for every alphabet of size |Σ|≥1.5.There are decidable languages of symbolic dynamical systems not in P/poly iff the alphabet size is >1.For the particular class of symbolic dynamical systems known as β-shifts, we prove that: 1.For all real numbers β>1, the language of the β-shift is in P/poly.2.If there exists a real number β>1 such that the language of the β-shift is NP-hard under ≤Tp-reduction, then the polynomial hierarchy collapses to the second level. As NP-hardness under ≤mp-reduction implies hardness under ≤Tp-reduction, this result implies that it is unlikely that a proof of existence of an NP-hard language of a β-shift will be forthcoming.3.For every time-constructible, non-decreasing function t(n)≥n, there is a real number 1<β<2 such that the language of the β-shift is decidable in time O(n2t(logn+1)), but not in any proper time bound g(n) satisfying g(4n)=o(t(n)/16n).4.For every space-constructible, non-decreasing function s(n)=ω(n2), there is a real number 1<β<2 such that the language of the β-shift is decidable in space O(s(n)), but not in space g(n) where g is any function satisfying g(n2)=o(s(n)).5.There exists a real number 1<β<2 such that the language of the β-shift is recursive, but not context-sensitive.
The complexity of Cbω-words of the form w̃xw
6 November 2009
Yunbao Huang
Abstract: Let pn(∞) denote the number of Cbω-words of the form w̃xw with gap n and pn(k) denote the number of C∞-words of the form w̃xw with length 2k+n and gap n, where n is the length of the word x. [S. Brlek, A. Ladouceur, A note on differentiable palindromes, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 302 (2003) 167–178] proved that C∞-palindromes are characterized by the left palindromic closure of the prefixes of the well-known Kolakoski sequences and revealed an interesting perspective for understanding some of the conjectures. In fact, they found all infinite C∞-palindromes and established p0(k)=p1(k)=2 for all k∈N, where N is the set of positive integers. [Y.B. Huang, About the number of C∞-words of form w̃xw, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 393 (2008) 280–286] obtained pn(k)=6 for all k∈N and n=2,3,4, and gave all Cbω-words of the form w̃xw with gap less than 5, which imply pn(∞)=2 for n=0,1, and pn(∞)=6 for n=2,3,4. In this paper, we prove the following intriguing results: (1) If w̃xw∈Cbω and ∣x∣≥7 then the first and last letters of the word x are the same; (2) pn(∞)=14 for n≥5; (3) For every positive integer n, there exists a positive integer H(n) such that for all k∈N, if k>H(n) then pn(k)=p5(k) if k is odd and pn(k)=p6(k) if k is even, which would help us understand better the complexity of finite C∞-words of the form w̃xw. Moreover, we provide all twenty eight Cbω-words of the form w̃xw.
The isolation game: A game of distances
6 November 2009
Yingchao Zhao | Wei Chen | Shang-hua Teng
Abstract: We introduce a new multi-player geometric game, which we will refer to as the isolation game, and study its Nash equilibria and best or better response dynamics. The isolation game is inspired by the Voronoi game, competitive facility location, and geometric sampling. In the Voronoi game studied by Dürr and Thang, each player's objective is to maximize the area of her Voronoi region. In contrast, in the isolation game, each player's objective is to position herself as far away from other players as possible in a bounded space.Even though this game has a simple definition, we show that its game-theoretic behaviors are quite rich and complex. We consider various measures of farness from one player to a group of players and analyze their impacts to the existence of Nash equilibria and to the convergence of the best or better response dynamics: We prove that it is NP-hard to decide whether a Nash equilibrium exists, using either a very simple farness measure in an asymmetric space or a slightly more sophisticated farness measure in a symmetric space. Complementing these hardness results, we establish existence theorems for several special families of farness measures in symmetric spaces: We prove that, for isolation games where each player wants to maximize her distance to her mth nearest neighbor, for any m, equilibria always exist. Moreover, there is always a better response sequence starting from any configuration that leads to a Nash equilibrium. We show that when m=1 the game is a potential game, no better response sequence has a cycle, but when m>1 the games are not potential. More generally, we study farness functions that give different weights to a player's distances to others based on the distance rankings, and obtain both existence and hardness results when the weights are monotonically increasing or decreasing. Finally, we present results on the hardness of computing best responses when the space has a compact representation as a hypercube.
Parameterized learnability of juntas
6 November 2009
V. Arvind | Johannes Köbler | Wolfgang Lindner
Abstract: We study the parameterized complexity of learning k-juntas and some variations of juntas. We show the hardness of learning k-juntas and subclasses of k-juntas in the PAC model by reductions from a W[2]-complete problem. On the other hand, as a consequence of a more general result, we show that k-juntas are exactly learnable with improper equivalence queries and access to a W[P] oracle.
Hardness of edge-modification problems
6 November 2009
Noga Alon | Uri Stav
Abstract: For a graph property P consider the following computational problem. Given an input graph G, what is the minimum number of edge modifications (additions and/or deletions) that one has to apply to G in order to turn it into a graph that satisfies P? Namely, what is the edit distance Δ(G,P) of a graph G from satisfying P? Clearly, the computational complexity of such a problem strongly depends on P. For over 30 years this family of computational problems has been studied in several contexts and various algorithms, as well as hardness results, were obtained for specific graph properties.Alon, Shapira and Sudakov studied in [N. Alon, A. Shapira, B. Sudakov, Additive approximation for edge-deletion problems, in: Proc. of the 46th IEEE FOCS, 2005, 419–428. Also: Annals of Mathematics (in press)] the approximability of the computational problem for the family of monotone graph properties, namely properties that are closed under removal of edges and vertices. They describe an efficient algorithm that achieves an o(n2) additive approximation to Δ(G,P) for any monotone property P, where G is an n-vertex input graph, and show that the problem of achieving an O(n2−ε) additive approximation is NP-hard for most monotone properties. The methods in [N. Alon, A. Shapira, B. Sudakov, Additive approximation for edge-deletion problems, in: Proc. of the 46th IEEE FOCS, 2005, 419–428. Also: Annals of Mathematics (in press)] also provide a polynomial time approximation algorithm which computes Δ(G,P)±o(n2) for the broader family of hereditary graph properties (which are closed under removal of vertices). In this work we introduce two approaches for showing that improving upon the additive approximation achieved by this algorithm is NP-hard for several sub-families of hereditary properties. In addition, we state a conjecture on the hardness of computing the edit distance from being induced H-free for any forbidden graph H.
A characterization of regular circular languages generated by marked splicing systems
6 November 2009
Clelia De Felice | Gabriele Fici | Rosalba Zizza
Abstract: Splicing systems are generative devices of formal languages, introduced by Head in 1987 to model biological phenomena on linear and circular DNA molecules. A splicing system is defined by giving an initial set I and a set R of rules. Some unanswered questions are related to the computational power of circular splicing systems. In particular, a still open question is to find a characterization of circular languages generated by finite circular splicing systems (i.e., circular splicing systems with both I and R finite sets). In this paper we introduce a special class of the latter systems named marked systems. We prove that a marked system S generates a regular circular language if and only if S satisfies a special (decidable) property. As a consequence, we are able to characterize the structure of these regular circular languages.
On locally reversible languages
6 November 2009
Pedro García | Manuel Vázquez de Parga | Antonio Cano | Damián López
Abstract: There exist several works that study the class of reversible languages defined as the union closure of 0-reversible languages, their properties and suitable representations. In this work we define and study the class of locally reversible languages, defined as the union closure of k-reversible languages. We characterize the class and prove that it is a local (positive) variety of formal languages. We also extend the definition of quasi-reversible automata to deal with locally reversible languages and propose a polynomial algorithm to obtain, for any given locally k-reversible language, a quasi-k-reversible automaton.
Navigable Small-World networks with few random bits
6 November 2009
Gennaro Cordasco | Luisa Gargano
Abstract: We study Small-World graphs in the perspective of their use in the development of efficient as well as easy to implement network infrastructures. Our analysis starts from the Small-World model proposed by Kleinberg: a grid network augmented with directed long-range random links. The choices of the long-range links are independent from one node to another. In this setting greedy routing and some of its variants have been analyzed and shown to produce paths of polylogarithmic expected length. We start from asking whether all the randomness, used in Kleinberg's model for establishing the long-range contacts of the nodes, is indeed necessary to assure the existence of short paths. In order to deal with the above question, we impose (stringent) restrictions on the choice of long-range links and we show that such restrictions do not increase the average path length of greedy routing and its variations.We are able to decrease the number of random bits, required to establish each node's long-range link, from Ω(logn) to O(loglogn) on a network of size n. Diminishing the randomness in the choice of random links has several benefits; in particular, it implies an increase in the clustering of the graph, thus increasing the resilience of the network.
How hard is it to find extreme Nash equilibria in network congestion games?
6 November 2009
Elisabeth Gassner | Johannes Hatzl | Sven O. Krumke | Heike Sperber | Gerhard J. Woeginger
Abstract: We study the complexity of finding extreme pure Nash equilibria in symmetric (unweighted) network congestion games. In our context best and worst equilibria are those with minimum respectively maximum makespan. On series–parallel graphs a worst Nash equilibrium can be found by a Greedy approach while finding a best equilibrium is NP-hard. For a fixed number of users we give a pseudo-polynomial algorithm to find the best equilibrium in series–parallel networks. For general network topologies also finding a worst equilibrium is NP-hard.
Deterministic 7/8-approximation for the metric maximum TSP
6 November 2009
Łukasz Kowalik | Marcin Mucha
Abstract: We present the first 7/8-approximation algorithm for the maximum Traveling Salesman Problem (MAX-TSP) with triangle inequality. Our algorithm is deterministic. This improves over both the randomized algorithm of Hassin and Rubinstein [R. Hassin, S. Rubinstein, A 7/8-approximation algorithm for metric Max TSP, Inf. Process. Lett. 81 (5) (2002) 247–251] with an expected approximation ratio of 7/8−O(n−1/2) and the deterministic (7/8−O(n−1/3))-approximation algorithm of Chen and Nagoya [Z.-Z. Chen, T. Nagoya, Improved approximation algorithms for metric max TSP, in: Proc. ESA'05, 2005, pp. 179–190].In the new algorithm, we extend the approach of processing local configurations using the so-called loose-ends, which we introduced in [Ł. Kowalik, M. Mucha, 35/44-approximation for asymmetric maximum TSP with triangle inequality, in: Proc. 10th Workshop on Algorithms and Data Structures, WADS'07, 2007, pp. 590–601].
On NFAs where all states are final, initial, or both
6 November 2009
Jui-Yi Kao | Narad Rampersad | Jeffrey Shallit
Abstract: We examine questions involving nondeterministic finite automata where all states are final, initial, or both initial and final. First, we prove hardness results for the nonuniversality and inequivalence problems for these NFAs. Next, we characterize the languages accepted. Finally, we discuss some state complexity problems involving such automata.
Automaton semigroups
6 November 2009
Alan J. Cain
Abstract: The concept of an automaton group generalizes easily to semigroups, and the systematic study of this area is beginning. This paper aims to contribute to that study. The basic theory of automaton semigroups is briefly reviewed. Various natural semigroups are shown to arise as automaton semigroups. The interaction of certain semigroup constructions with the class of automaton semigroups is studied. Semigroups arising from Cayley automata are investigated. Various open problems and areas for further research are suggested.
Online scheduling to minimize modified total tardiness with an availability constraint
6 November 2009
Ming Liu | Yinfeng Xu | Chengbin Chu | Feifeng Zheng
Abstract: We consider online scheduling problems to minimize modified total tardiness. The problems are online in the sense that jobs arrive over time. For each job Jj, its processing time pj, due date dj and weight wj become known at its arrival time (or release time) rj. Preemption is not allowed. We first show that there is no finite competitive ratio for problem 1|online,rj,dj|∑wjTj. So we focus on problem 1|online,rj,dj|∑wj(Tj+dj) and show that D-SWPT (Delayed Shortest Weighted Processing Time) algorithm is 3-competitive. We further study two problems 1|online,rj,dj,h(1),res|∑wj(Tj+dj) and 1|online,rj,dj,h(1),N−res|∑wj(Tj+dj), where res and N−res denote resumable and non-resumable models respectively, and h(1) denotes a non-available time interval [s,αs] with s>0 and α≥1. We give a lower bound of 1+α for both problems and prove that M−D−SWPT (Modified D-SWPT) is 3α and 6α-competitive in the resumable and non-resumable models, respectively. Moreover, we extend the upper bounds to the scenario of parallel machine scheduling with uniform job weight and an assumption that all machines have the same non-available time interval [s,αs]. A lower bound of min{α,1+αm} is given as well for the scenario.
Hardness results and approximation algorithms for (weighted) paired-domination in graphs
6 November 2009
Lei Chen | Changhong Lu | Zhenbing Zeng
Abstract: Let G=(V,E) be a simple graph without isolated vertices. A vertex set S⊆V is a paired-dominating set if every vertex in V−S has a neighbor in S and the induced subgraph G[S] has a perfect matching. In this paper, we investigate the approximation hardness of paired-domination in graphs. For weighted paired-domination, an approximation algorithm in general graphs and an exact dynamic programming style algorithm in trees are also given.
Semi-online machine covering for two uniform machines
6 November 2009
Xingyu Chen | Leah Epstein | Zhiyi Tan
Abstract: The machine covering problem deals with partitioning a sequence of jobs among a set of machines, so as to maximize the completion time of the least loaded machine. We study a semi-online variant, where jobs arrive one by one, sorted by non-increasing size. The jobs are to be processed by two uniformly related machines, with a speed ratio of q≥1. Each job has to be processed continuously, in a time slot assigned to it on one of the machines. This assignment needs to be performed upon the arrival of the job. The length of the time slot, which is required for a specific job to run on a given machine, is equal to the size of the job divided by the speed of the machine. We give a complete competitive analysis of this problem by providing an algorithm of the best possible competitive ratio for every q≥1. We first give a tight analysis of the performance of a natural greedy algorithm LPT for the problem. To achieve the best possible performance for the semi-online problem, we use a combination of LPT, together with two alternative algorithms which we design. The new algorithms attain the best possible competitive ratios in the two intervals q∈(1,1.5) and q∈(2.4856,1+3), respectively, whereas the greedy algorithm has the best possible competitive ratio for any other q≥1.
Distance paired-domination problems on subclasses of chordal graphs
6 November 2009
Lei Chen | Changhong Lu | Zhenbing Zeng
Abstract: Let G=(V,E) be a graph without isolated vertices. For a positive integer k, a set S⊆V is a k-distance paired-dominating set if each vertex in V−S is within distance k of a vertex in S and the subgraph induced by S contains a perfect matching. In this paper, we present two linear time algorithms to find a minimum cardinality k-distance paired-dominating set in interval graphs and block graphs, which are two subclasses of chordal graphs. In addition, we present a characterization of trees with unique minimum k-distance paired-dominating set.
A sublinear-time approximation scheme for bin packing
6 November 2009
Tuğkan Batu | Petra Berenbrink | Christian Sohler
Abstract: The bin packing problem is defined as follows: given a set of n items with sizes 0
Direct chosen-ciphertext secure identity-based key encapsulation without random oracles
6 November 2009
Eike Kiltz | David Galindo
Abstract: We describe a practical identity-based encryption scheme that is secure in the standard model against chosen-ciphertext attacks. Our construction applies "direct chosen-ciphertext techniques" to Waters' chosen-plaintext secure scheme and is not based on hierarchical identity-based encryption. Furthermore, we give an improved concrete security analysis for Waters' scheme. As a result, one can instantiate the scheme in smaller groups, resulting in efficiency improvements.
Periodic scheduling with obligatory vacations
6 November 2009
Jiří Sgall | Hadas Shachnai | Tami Tamir
Abstract: We consider a problem of repeatedly scheduling n jobs on m parallel machines. Each job is associated with a profit that is gained each time the job is completed, and the goal is to maximize the average profit per time unit. Once the processing of a job is completed, it goes on vacation and returns to the system, ready to be processed again, only after its vacation is over. This problem has many applications: in production planning, machine maintenance, video-on-demand and database query processing, among others.We show that the problem is NP-hard already for jobs with unit processing times and unit profits, and develop approximation algorithms as well as optimal algorithms for certain subclasses of instances. We first show that a 5/3-approximation algorithm can be obtained for instances with unit processing times, using known results for windows scheduling. We then present a preemptive greedy algorithm, which yields a ratio of e/(e−1) to the optimal for general instances, with arbitrary processing times and arbitrary profits. For the special case where all jobs have the same (unit) processing times and the same (unit) profits, we present a 1.39-approximation algorithm. For this case we also show that, when the load generated by an instance is sufficiently large (in terms of n and m), any algorithm which uses no intended idle times yields an optimal schedule.
A randomized algorithm for determining dominating sets in graphs of maximum degree five
6 November 2009
Soheir M. Khamis | Sameh S. Daoud | Hanaa A.E. Essa
Abstract: The paper is devoted to demonstrating a randomized algorithm for determining a dominating set in a given graph having a maximum degree of five. The algorithm follows the Las Vegas technique. Furthermore, the concept of a 2-separated collection of subsets of vertices in graphs is used. The suggested algorithm is based on a condition of the upper bound of the cardinality of a local dominating set. If the condition is not satisfied, then the algorithm halts with an appropriate message. Otherwise, the algorithm determines the dominating set. The given algorithm is considered a polynomial-time approximation one.
(r,p)-centroid problems on paths and trees
6 November 2009
J. Spoerhase | H.-C. Wirth
Abstract: An instance of the (r,p)-centroid problem is given by an edge and node weighted graph. Two competitors, the leader and the follower, are allowed to place p and r facilities, respectively, into the graph. Users at the nodes connect to the closest facility. A solution of the (r,p)-centroid problem is a leader placement such that the maximum total weight of the users connecting to any follower placement is as small as possible.We show that the absolute (r,p)-centroid problem is NP-hard even on a path which answers a long-standing open question of the complexity of the problem on trees (Hakimi, 1990 [10]). Moreover, we provide polynomial time algorithms for the discrete (r,p)-centroid on paths and the (1,p)-centroid on trees, and complementary hardness results for more complex graph classes.
Disjoint directed and undirected paths and cycles in digraphs
6 November 2009
Jørgen Bang-Jensen | Matthias Kriesell
Abstract: We show that the following problem is NP-complete: Given a digraph D and distinct vertices s,t of D, decide whether the underlying graph of D contains two internally disjoint (s,t)-paths P and Q such that P is a directed (s,t)-path in D. Using this result we characterize those mixed linkage problems which are polynomially solvable (assuming P≠NP). This complements the classical dichotomy by Fortune, Hopcroft, and Wyllie classifying those directed linkage problems that are polynomially solvable. We furthermore show that, contrary to the case of directed linkages in digraphs, the mixed problem remains NP-complete for acyclic digraphs.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for learning with correction queries
6 November 2009
Cristina Tîrnăucă | Satoshi Kobayashi
Abstract: We investigate the newly introduced model of learning with correction queries in the context of query learning. We present necessary and sufficient conditions for a class of languages to be inferable within this setting. We also offer a complete picture of how is the model of learning with corrections related with other well-established learning models, like the model of learning in the limit from positive data, or the one of learning with membership queries. As an application, we show that the class of k-reversible languages is learnable with correction queries.
The Parikh counting functions of sparse context-free languages are quasi-polynomials
6 November 2009
Flavio D'Alessandro | Benedetto Intrigila | Stefano Varricchio
Abstract: Let L be a sparse context-free language over an alphabet of t letters and let fL:Nt→N be its Parikh counting function. We prove the following two results: 1.There exists a partition of Nt into a finite family of polyhedra such that the function fL is a quasi-polynomial on each polyhedron of the partition.2.There exists a partition of Nt into a finite family of rational subsets such that the function fL is a polynomial on each set of the partition.
Online scheduling of unit length jobs on a batching machine to maximize the number of early jobs with lookahead
6 November 2009
Wenjie Li | Jinjiang Yuan | Jianfa Cao | Hailin Bu
Abstract: This paper studies online scheduling of unit length jobs on a parallel batching machine with the help of lookahead. The objective is to maximize the number of early jobs. Denote by b the size of each batch with b=∞ in the unbounded batching and b<∞ in the bounded batching. In the LKL lookahead model, at a time instant t, an online algorithm can foresee all jobs that will arrive in the time segment (t,t+L). When 0≤L<1, we show that a simple greedy online algorithm (independent of the value of L) has a best possible competitive ratio of 1/min{n,b+1}, where n is the number of jobs. This means that lookahead is useless when 0≤L<1. When 1≤L<2, we establish the upper bounds 0.39 (for b=∞) and 2/3 (for b<∞) of competitive ratios, and provide an online algorithm of competitive ratios 1/4 (for b=∞) and 1/5 (for b<∞).
A note on a quadratic algorithm for the 2-cyclic robotic scheduling problem
6 November 2009
Ada Che | Vladimir Kats | Eugene Levner
Abstract: Recently, Pablo Sáez (2009) [1] has developed a quadratic algorithm for a 2-cyclic robotic scheduling problem. In this note we uncover that the algorithm handles a special version of the problem only and fails to solve the general 2-cyclic robotic scheduling problem.
Binary words with a given Diophantine exponent
6 November 2009
Artūras Dubickas
Abstract: We prove that every real number ξ≥1 is the Diophantine exponent of some binary word ω. More precisely, we show that Dio(ω)=ξ for ω=10k110k210k3⋯, where kn=[ξn] for ξ≥2,kn=[νn] with ν=(−ξ+1+6ξ−3ξ2+1)/(4−2ξ) for 1<ξ<2, and kn=n for ξ=1.
Acyclic edge coloring of planar graphs with large girth
6 November 2009
Dongxiao Yu | Jianfeng Hou | Guizhen Liu | Bin Liu | Lan Xu
Abstract: Acyclic coloring problem is a specialized problem that arises in the efficient computation of Hessians. A proper edge coloring of a graph G is called acyclic if there is no 2-colored cycle in G. The acyclic edge chromatic number χa′(G) of G is the least number of colors in an acyclic edge coloring of G. Alon et al. conjectured that χa′(G)≤Δ(G)+2. In this paper, we consider the sufficient conditions for the planar graphs satisfying χa′(G)≤Δ(G)+1 and χa′(G)=Δ(G).
On the algebraic structure of declarative programming languages
1 November 2009
Gianluca Amato | James Lipton | Robert McGrail
Abstract: We develop an algebraic framework, Logic Programming Doctrines, for the syntax, proof theory, operational semantics and model theory of Horn Clause logic programming based on indexed premonoidal categories. Our aim is to provide a uniform framework for logic programming and its extensions capable of incorporating constraints, abstract data types, features imported from other programming language paradigms and a mathematical description of the state space in a declarative manner. We define a new way to embed information about data into logic programming derivations by building a sketch-like description of data structures directly into an indexed category of proofs. We give an algebraic axiomatization of bottom-up semantics in this general setting, describing categorical models as fixed points of a continuous operator.
Termination of narrowing revisited
1 November 2009
María Alpuente | Santiago Escobar | José Iborra
Abstract: This paper describes several classes of term rewriting systems (TRS's), where narrowing has a finite search space and is still (strongly) complete as a mechanism for solving reachability goals. These classes do not assume confluence of the TRS. We also ascertain purely syntactic criteria that suffice to ensure the termination of narrowing, and include several subclasses of popular TRS's such as right-linear TRS's, almost orthogonal TRS's, topmost TRS's, and left-flat TRS's. Our results improve and/or generalize previous criteria in the literature regarding narrowing termination.
Applications of polyhedral computations to the analysis and verification of hardware and software systems
1 November 2009
Roberto Bagnara | Patricia M. Hill | Enea Zaffanella
Abstract: Convex polyhedra are the basis for several abstractions used in static analysis and computer-aided verification of complex and sometimes mission-critical systems. For such applications, the identification of an appropriate complexity–precision trade-off is a particularly acute problem, so that the availability of a wide spectrum of alternative solutions is mandatory. We survey the range of applications of polyhedral computations in this area; give an overview of the different classes of polyhedra that may be adopted; outline the main polyhedral operations required by automatic analyzers and verifiers; and look at some possible combinations of polyhedra with other numerical abstractions that have the potential to improve the precision of the analysis. Areas where further theoretical investigations can result in important contributions are highlighted.
S-semantics for logic programming: A retrospective look
1 November 2009
Annalisa Bossi
Abstract: The paper provides an overview of the s-semantic approach to the semantics of logic programs which had been developed about twenty years ago. The aim of such an approach was that of providing a suitable base for program analysis by means of a semantics which really captures the operational behavior of logic programs, and thus offers useful notions of observable program equivalences. The semantics is given in terms of extended interpretations, which are more expressive than Herbrand interpretations, extends the standard Herbrand semantics, and can be obtained as a result of both top-down and bottom-up constructions. The approach has been applied to several extensions of positive logic programs and used to develop semantic-based techniques for program analysis, verification and transformation.
Non-strict independence-based program parallelization using sharing and freeness information
1 November 2009
Daniel Cabeza Gras | Manuel V. Hermenegildo
Abstract: The current ubiquity of multi-core processors has brought renewed interest in program parallelization. Logic programs allow studying the parallelization of programs with complex, dynamic data structures with (declarative) pointers in a comparatively simple semantic setting. In this context, automatic parallelizers which exploit and-parallelism rely on notions of independence in order to ensure certain efficiency properties. "Non-strict" independence is a more relaxed notion than the traditional notion of "strict" independence which still ensures the relevant efficiency properties and can allow considerable more parallelism. Non-strict independence cannot be determined solely at run-time ("a priori") and thus global analysis is a requirement. However, extracting non-strict independence information from available analyses and domains is non-trivial. This paper provides on one hand an extended presentation of our classic techniques for compile-time detection of non-strict independence based on extracting information from (abstract interpretation-based) analyses using the now well understood and popular Sharing+Freeness domain. This includes algorithms for combined compile-time/run-time detection which involve special run-time checks for this type of parallelism. In addition, we propose herein novel annotation (parallelization) algorithms, URLP and CRLP, which are specially suited to non-strict independence. We also propose new ways of using the Sharing+Freeness information to optimize how the run-time environments of goals are kept apart during parallel execution. Finally, we also describe the implementation of these techniques in our parallelizing compiler and recall some early performance results. We provide as well an extended description of our pictorial representation of sharing and freeness information.
Abstract interpretation of resolution-based semantics
1 November 2009
Patrick Cousot | Radhia Cousot | Roberto Giacobazzi
Abstract: We extend the abstract interpretation point of view on context-free grammars by Cousot and Cousot to resolution-based logic programs and proof systems. Starting from a transition-based small-step operational semantics of Prolog programs (akin to the Warren Machine), we consider maximal finite derivations for the transition system from most general goals. This semantics is abstracted by instantiation to terms and furthermore to ground terms, following the so-called c- and s-semantics approach. Orthogonally, these sets of derivations can be abstracted to SLD-trees, call patterns and models, as well as interpreters providing effective implementations (such as Prolog). These semantics can be presented in bottom–up fixpoint form. This abstract interpretation-based construction leads to classical bottom–up semantics (such as the s-semantics of computed answers, the c-semantics of correct answers of Keith Clark, and the minimal-model semantics of logical consequences of Maarten van Emden and Robert Kowalski). The approach is general and can be applied to infinite and top–down semantics in a straightforward way.
Focusing and polarization in linear, intuitionistic, and classical logics
1 November 2009
Chuck Liang | Dale Miller
Abstract: A focused proof system provides a normal form to cut-free proofs in which the application of invertible and non-invertible inference rules is structured. Within linear logic, the focused proof system of Andreoli provides an elegant and comprehensive normal form for cut-free proofs. Within intuitionistic and classical logics, there are various different proof systems in the literature that exhibit focusing behavior. These focused proof systems have been applied to both the proof search and the proof normalization approaches to computation. We present a new, focused proof system for intuitionistic logic, called LJF, and show how other intuitionistic proof systems can be mapped into the new system by inserting logical connectives that prematurely stop focusing. We also use LJF to design a focused proof system LKF for classical logic. Our approach to the design and analysis of these systems is based on the completeness of focusing in linear logic and on the notion of polarity that appears in Girard's LC and LU proof systems.
Local consistency for extended CSPs
1 November 2009
Michael J. Maher
Abstract: We extend the framework of Constraint Satisfaction Problems to make it more suitable for/applicable to modern constraint programming languages where both constraint satisfaction and constraint solving have a role. Some rough principles for local consistency conditions in the extended framework are developed, appropriate notions of local consistency are formulated, and relationships between the various consistency conditions are established.
LMNtal as a hierarchical logic programming language
1 November 2009
Kazunori Ueda
Abstract: LMNtal (pronounced "elemental") is a simple language model based on hierarchical graph rewriting that uses logical variables to represent connectivity and membranes to represent hierarchy. LMNtal is an outcome of the attempt to unify constraint-based concurrency and Constraint Handling Rules (CHR), the two notable extensions to concurrent logic programming. LMNtal is intended to be a substrate language of various computational models, especially those addressing concurrency, mobility and multiset rewriting. Although the principal objective of LMNtal was to provide a unifying computational model, it is of interest to equip the formalism with a precise logical interpretation. In this paper, we show that it is possible to give LMNtal a simple logical interpretation based on intuitionistic linear logic and a flattening technique. This enables us to call LMNtal a hierarchical, concurrent linear logic language.
Speed scaling with a solar cell
28 October 2009
Nikhil Bansal | Ho-Leung Chan | Kirk Pruhs
Abstract: We consider the setting of a device that obtains its energy from a battery and some regenerative source such as a solar cell. We consider the speed scaling problem of scheduling a collection of tasks with release times, deadlines, and sizes, so as to minimize the energy recharge rate of the regenerative source. This is the first theoretical investigation of speed scaling for devices with a regenerative energy source. We show that the problem can be expressed as a polynomial sized convex program. We show that, using the KKT conditions, one can obtain an efficient algorithm to verify the optimality of a schedule. We show that the energy optimal YDS schedule is 2-approximate with respect to the recharge rate. We show that the online algorithm BKP is O(1)-competitive with respect to recharge rate.
Scale free interval graphs
28 October 2009
Naoto Miyoshi | Takeya Shigezumi | Ryuhei Uehara | Osamu Watanabe
Abstract: Scale free graphs have attracted attention by their non-uniform structure that can be used as a model for various social and physical networks. In this paper, we propose a natural and simple random model for generating scale free interval graphs. The model generates a set of intervals randomly under a certain distribution, which defines a random interval graph. The main advantage of the model is its simpleness. The structure/properties of generated graphs are analyzable by relatively simple probabilistic and/or combinatorial arguments, which is different from many other models. Based on such arguments, we show for our random interval graph that its degree distribution follows a power law, and that it has a large average clustering coefficient.


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Gross Measure'Tribute' At The Joseph Gross Gallery celebrates 20 Years in Tucson's art history.Margaret Regan That's The SpiritUA Repertory offers a haunting taste of Henrik Ibsen's "Ghosts."Dave Irwin Balancing ActGet off your axis and go see TILT.Margaret Regan Curtain CallPronto leaps into the limelight at the Temple of Music and Art.Rebecca Cook Sweet SixteenHappy birthday to the greatest daughter in southern Arizona.Tom Danehy Desert LinksDesertNet's collection of some of the Southwest's best websites and resources. Talk BackTell us what's hot and what's shot on the local arts scene. We're looking for your views on visual, theatrical, dance and God only knows what else created by the more refined souls among us. |
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text:
Philips CAM110RD Reviews
Product Type: Philips digital camcorders
Description:Philips CAM110RD Red - Full HD Pocket Camcorder 10Mp 5x Digital Zoom CMOS Sensor Built-in USB Plug / With Philips CAM110 Pocket Camcorder you can capture and enjoy videos in full high definition quality (full HD 1080p) / '1080' refers to the display ... more
Philips CAM110RD ... resolution in terms of the number of horizontal lines on screen / 'p' stands for progressive scan or the sequential appearance of the lines in each frame / 1080p gives video quality that is superior to that found in typical mobile phones and digital cameras / In addition the camcorder uses the same video format as Blu-ray players and discs - H.264 / This highly sophisticated format delivers superb HD picture quality letting you savor crystal clear memories on video / Advanced anti-shake lets you take great videos that you will always be proud to share / Steady and undistorted videos are ensured by gyro sensors that are armed with advanced algorithms / The sensors take measurements of the distance between the ground and the camera lens and make the necessary corrections whenever the camcorder wobbles / This advanced technology gives you blur-free pictures every time letting you capture the best moments in life in amazing videos / Integrated USB plug for no-fuss connection to your PC/Mac / With the built-in Windows software you can post your movies on websites like YouTube Facebook Twitter and Vimeo with no fuss / For Mac users you can easily organize edit and share with iMovie from iLife / With an advanced compression technique the HD video format (H.264) used by the Philips camcorder can generate smaller files than those from standard camcorders digital cameras and mobile phones without any loss in video quality so you can share them faster! These files can also be used by other programs like iPhoto and Windows Movie Maker /
Price Comparison for Philips CAM110RD
Products Similar to Philips CAM110RD
Acorn 5210A Trail Hunting Camera - Spotting wildlife in its natural habitat, fantastic battery life Quality not ideal, not so easy to attach to trees when it's really cold, no sound
Klarstein HDVC10 HD Helmet Action Fisheye Camcorder HDMI
Neostar Road-Watch High Definition Driving Recorder - Relatively inexpensive. Can record in HD. A bit fiddly to detach from windscreen mount.
JVC GR-DVX407 - 800 Kpix - 10 - 200
JVC GR-DVX507 - 800 Kpix - 10 - 200
Canon MV5 - 800 Kpix - 10 - 200
More products in Digital Camcorder All these and are taken from reviews of the dooyooCommunity. | ||
JVC GR-DVX4 Small and compact. Price | Panasonic NV-DS77 | JVC GR-DX25 - 800 Kpix - 16 - 700 |
Canon MD205 - 800 Kpix - 32 - 2000 | Sony Handycam HDR-CX130E - 4.2 Mpix - 30 - 350 | Samsung VP-D353 - 800 Kpix - 20 - 900 |
Toshiba Camileo P30 - 5 Mpix - 5 - 4 | Flip Video Mino 2GB Ease of use, fits in your pocket. None for me. | Panasonic NV-DS11 Mini-DV picture, Colour LCD/Screen, Ease-of-Use Not as small as some |
JVC GR-DX300E - 1.33 Mpix - 10 - 500 |


text:
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Named for a popular Swiss skiing destination, the Valais Collection is wonderfully deluxe. The Valais Collection Outdoor Collection from Corbett Lighting features first-class materials and design. This hand-wrought iron wall light has a vertical look which is softened by gracefully curving details. Tea stain glass diffuses the light providing warm, nuanced illumination for your landscape. A bronze finish completes this piece, giving it classic visual appeal.
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A wartime regiment deals with an epidemic turning fellow soldiers into bread people.
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I could tell this human was male, from the deep masculinity of his voice. I obviously can't see him, but from the feel that I have always had, I could tell that he was about six feet tall, skinny in a muscular sort of way, and had brown hair and grey eyes. Almost like Lario. Don't ask me how I know. The feel just, sort of, whispers it to me. I don't know how it's possible, but it is.
I'm going crazy inside my head. How could he possibly hear and see me? No one can. No one's ever
When she has her memory, after she says, no, the equinox isn't for another month, there is like five spaces, that's her memory. After someone says something in Italian, it has the translation right after, so don't get confused.
heard me. The only time anyone ever saw me was a few years ago, when this thirteen year old boy saw a glimpse of me. Then he shook his head and had muttered to himself about going crazy. That's when I knew that he had stopped seeing me.
Emmaline, the, or, evil witch, cursed me so that I would live forever, but be stuck in these woods for all time. America was just discovered by a man named Christopher Columbus, and Emmaline thought it would be perfect for me to suffer here, around nobody, for the rest of my eternity. When I was first cursed, the only foliage in these parts was a couple shrubs, and this willow tree. It was old even back then. She killed my family and brought me here from Sicily, Italy. She thought that changing my environment drastically would make me even more miserable. I think that she thought that since America was such a crazy idea, that nothing would ever come to be here.
She was wrong. About 100 years later, the town of Hallow Falls was established. Of course, it was originally called Halloi Falls, but they changed it so it was easier to say, I think. But, whatever. It's not like that matters now. The name is long forgotten. By everyone but me. I remember everything that ever happened in this area, partially from overhearing strangers and partially from the whisper. I don't know how I remember everything. In my head, everything I've ever heard, seen, or felt is a jumbled memory that I can pull out anytime I want and examine, like a piece of clothing pulled out from a closet. Sometimes, though, it hurts my head, and it feels like the rows and rows of memories are going to completely overload my mind. Those days, I curl up at the foot of the willow tree and clutch my head and just cry. Thankfully, it doesn't happen all that often, so I'm spared the brain-splitting pain of the crowded space I call my head. Although if I look on a memory for too long, or even just think about a memory too long, it's like I'm being sucked into the past, I pass out, revisit the memory, unable to move or speak, and after I'll wake up with another headache.
I try not to think about my memories too much.
But, anyways.
I can sense the boy staring at me. He must be so confused. Or think me crazy, at the very least. I'm still in shock he can hear me. And see me. Because……..when Emmaline cursed me……. she said………
No, no, no! No! Not again! Not that memory- the equinox isn't for another month-
I look up at Emmaline's face, twisted with malice. How could she be so full of hate? I didn't do anything wrong- it's not my fault that I fell in love with her ex-fiancé. My dress torn and bloodied, she reaches down to touch the hem.
"Tale un bel vestito. E 'un peccato che devi indossare il vestito da sposa mentre si guarda mi uccidi la tua famiglia. Non sarai mai in grado di usarlo: è possibile osservare come I-Lario uccidere il traditore. Era mio, e mi ha lasciato per voi. Me-per voi. Patetico marmocchio." She hissed at me. Such a pretty dress. It's a shame you have to wear your wedding dress while you watch me kill your family. You'll never be able to use it- You can watch as I kill Lario- the betrayer. He was mine, and he left me for you. Me- for you. Pathetic little brat.
Her words were scathing, and I knew
she was telling the truth. She was going to kill my family, and she was going to make me watch her. She grinned evilly and I knew she would do anything to make me suffer. She blamed me wholly for Lario leaving her- even though he left her eight months before he met me. Why? Why did she have to make me suffer the consequences for something I didn't do? Was that just the way the world was going to work right now?
I'm powerless. Weak. I can't do anything to stop her. There were rumors among the city of witch craft. Of someone who could do impossible things, create unimaginable things. I didn't believe it. But all along, it was her- she was the witch. Plotting her revenge against me and Lario and everyone that I love. She was going to use her magic to wreak chaos.
With a flick of her hand, I'm thrown from the ground and I hit my head on a tree behind me. Another twist of her hand, and I am secured against it. I can't move. She closes her eyes, and chants something. A bloodied and filthy Lario suddenly appears in front of us.
Ebony hair, bright olive eyes, tall, muscular frame, Lario is the gorgeous man he always is. But he seems broken. Less assured. Less confident. It's not right. It's not the real him. I cry out, and Lario lifts his head.
"Anatolia," he says weakly. Emmaline scowls, and looks at him. A bright smear of blood paints his right cheekbone, his nose broken, his face bruised. Poor Lario- my love, bested beyond recognition. In my head, I apologize for anything that is about to happen to him, and I feel such deep sorrow within me, like an endless deep blue wave that crash's down on the ones you love. I know that he is about to die. And knowing this, I want to die myself.
He can't die. Will the world have any meaning? Will the sun still shine? Will the birds still chirp, and will I be happy? No. If Lario dies, my soul dies with him. And to live without a soul- is living another's life.
"Uccidetemi, invece. Non male-Lario ha fatto nulla di sbagliato! Tu sei il male, ecco perché se ne andò. Devi solo te stesso da biasimare. Ed è per questo offro la mia vita al posto di suo." I offer to Emmaline. Kill me instead. Don't harm Lario- he has done nothing wrong! You are evil, that's why he left. You only have yourself to blame. Which is why I'm offering my life in place of his.
Emmaline looks at me in disbelief. And then her face darkens and she hisses.
"Mai. Lei morirà tutto. Lentamente e- attende. Effettivamente, non lei. Ucciderò tuttavia Lario e la sua famiglia, ma lei- lei soffrirà anche più di nessuno potrebbe immaginare forse. E poiché è detto, sarà fatto. L'Anatolia, la figlia di Floria e Marco, può lei è maledetto per tutta di eternità. Lei non sarà sentito e lei non sarà visto. Lei sarà un essere maledetto, acceca e disperato. La partirò in una terra distante lontano, lontano, da cui lei non potrà mai partire. Lei non invecchierà mai, dunque poiché la sua mente frana e scompare, il suo essere fisico sarà ciò di un mortale di un-maturare. Ogni equinozio primaverile la visiterò ed accorda su lei la tortura del tipo peggiore- una ripetizione del passato, dunque lei vedrà le morti della sua famiglia di nuovo, e lei non può cambiare una cosa, poiché è con la natura del passato."
Never. You shall all die. Slowly and painf- wait. Actually, no. Not you. I'll still kill Lario and your family, but you- you are going to suffer even more than anyone could possibly imagine. And as it is said, it shall be done.
Anatolia, daughter of Flora and Marco, may you be cursed for all of eternity. You shall not be heard, and you shall not be seen. You will be an accursed being, blind and hopeless. I shall leave you in a distant land far, far away, from which you will never be able to leave. You shall never age, so as your mind crumbles and fades away, your physical being will be that of an un-matured mortal. Every spring equinox I will visit you, and bestow upon you torture of the worst kind- a replay of the past, so you shall see the deaths of your family again, and you cannot change a thing, as is with the nature of the past.
I feel a dead weight in my stomach, and my insides curl. Lario looks at the tree I am pinned to in alarm.
"Anatolia? Anatolia? Bella sorpresa sei?" he cries out. Anatolia? Anatolia? Where are you?
With a sickening realization, I can see that Emmaline's curse is already working. Lario can't see me. He can't hear me.
Emmaline cackles, obviously enjoying every second of my distress.
I close my eyes to fight back tears, but when I open them again, I see nothing but black.
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Jan. 13 at 1:10 am:
INCREDIBLY AMAZINGLY AWESOME, Pop, as always! Gosh, you should REALLY continue this. I mean, seriously! I LOVE IT! ~Tart
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Oct. 15, 2012 at 4:11 am:
OMG OMG OMG!!! Amaazing!!!!
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Jul. 4, 2012 at 7:07 pm:
Amazing, as always! I can't wait for more... And that name Emmaline sounds a little familiar... Hmm... Haha and Anatolia's "sensing" abilities sound a smidge reminiscent of Iggy... But I just love this sooooooo much!!!!!!!!!
Report abuse
Jun. 23, 2012 at 9:23 am:
This is really good. I really liked your storyline. And your descriptions are really good also. suggestion: extend more on this novel. Great job
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Jun. 22, 2012 at 6:01 pm:
Love it!! Keep up the good work :3
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At the IBS in Vegas, Amy looks at an energy-saving water heater heat pump.
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Context: a classic linux system (archlinux) with a gcc toolchain
My program (let's call it P
) depends on a shared lib of mine (let's call it "foo" or libfoo.so
got a public header foo.h
and P
includes it in one of its files.
depends on the pthread
lib for several public functions (among other functions present in foo.h
) but P does NOT use those functions.
The problem is, when I link P with libfoo.so, the libpthread is requested and I don't understand why and how to fix this.


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General Statistics
Title: | International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Online Research Journal, Publishing R... more |
Description: | IJSRP is a web based open access online research journal that publishes peer reviewed international journals. We provide online print version of journ... more |
Pagerank: | Take this button and put in your website |
SEO score: | 32% |
Website Worth: | $7,200 USD |
Web Safety:
Web safety signals the level of trust for the site's suitability for all users.
Child Safety:
Child safety signals the level of trust for the site's suitability for children.
Alexa Rank: | 567,216 |
Primary Traffic:
The country where current domain is most popular relative to the other countries
India |
Alexa backlinks: | 142 |
IP-address: | 22.214.171.124 [Trace] [Reverse] |
Server Location: | United States |
Contact information:
http://www.ijsrp.org/aboutus.html - About US: International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications
http://www.ijsrp.org/aboutus.html - About US: International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications
ijsrp.org categories
Currently, we found 14 categories on ijsrp.org
Traffic Estimations
Traffic Rank
567,216th most visited website in the World
Visitors Localization
Country | Percent of Visitors | Country | Percent of Visitors |
India | 68.6 | Iran | 2.8 |
Alexa traffic graph analysis
Alexa traffic rank show how popular a site is relative to other sites.
Freehumanity.net is ranked 567,216 in the world (among the 30 million domains).
A low rank means that your website gets a lot of visitors.
- Traffic
- Top keywords
Alexa Rank: | 567,216 visit alexa | |||||
Alexa BackLinks: | 142 | |||||
Traffic Rank
Traffic rank for www.ijsrp.org, a low rank means that this website gets lots of visitors
Estimated percentage of global internet users who visit www.ijsrp.org
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Analyst Blog
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Newmont Mining Corp.'s (NEM - Analyst Report) Minas Conga gold and copper project of $4.8 billion is under Peru government's 40-day review over concerns regarding its impact on the local water supply.
The Peru government has appointed two Spanish engineers to review the project, which was temporarily suspended in November 2011 following violent demonstrations by local residents.
The project will provide the company with significant revenues by the taxes levied on the mined product. Newmont expects to boost its production at Conga by the end of 2014 or early 2015.
During the first five years, the company expects average annual production output of 580,000 ounces to 680,000 ounces of gold and 155 million to 235 million pounds of copper.
Newmont owns 51.35% of Conga, Peru's biggest mining project, while the remaining portion is held by Compania de Minas Buenaventura SA and the International Finance Corp. Peru is highly rich in mineral resources and the locals complain that the mining companies and the government have not done enough toward the communal development of the regions surrounding the mines.
Recently, Newmont announced its fourth-quarter 2011 results. The attributable gold and copper production was 1.3 million ounces and 47 million pounds, respectively, in the quarter at costs applicable to sales (CAS) of $602 per ounce, and $1.58 per pound on a co-product basis.
For fiscal 2012, the company expects attributable gold production of approximately 5.0 million to 5.2 million ounces, with attributable copper production of 150 to 170 million pounds. Costs applicable to sales are expected to be between $625 and $675 per ounce for gold. Costs applicable to copper sales are expected to be between $1.80 and $2.20 per pound of copper.
On the other hand, Newmont has proposed re-location and capacity expansion of the existing lakes so that the local water supply is not hampered.
Currently the shares of Newmont retain a Zacks #3 Rank (short-term "Hold" recommendation). The company competes with the likes of AngloGold Ashanti Ltd. (AU - Snapshot Report), Barrick Gold Corporation (ABX - Analyst Report) and Gold Fields Ltd. (GFI - Snapshot Report).
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Our family of six adults just returned from the Valentin Imperial Maya. The property, rooms, beaches, pools and service are awesome. We loved the spa. The shows were great. Only had two small problems - In some restaurants the food was just OK, the buffet and room service were wonderful. The second problem was that it took an hour to... More
- Also Known As:
- Valentin Imperial Maya Hotel Playa Del Carmen
- Valentin Imperial Maya Hotel
- Valentin Imperial
- Valentin Imperial Riviera Maya
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Hotel Valentin Imperial Maya is the new definition of paradise. Our 5 star Adults-Only (18+) All-Inclusive Resort is located a short 25 minutes from Cancun International Airport in the Riviera Maya.Set amid lavish gardens on a half-mile-long stretch of white sand beach named Playa Del Secreto (The Secret Beach), this magnificent award-winning resort boasts one of the largest swimming pools in México. The location is ideal as one can easily reach Cancun and the world famous Mayan archaeological sites such as Tulúm, Cobá, and Chichen Itzá, yet be removed enough to enjoy the casually elegant ambience of Valentin Imperial Maya.Escape into a world where your every wish is our command. Come indulge yourself….you deserve it! ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Caribbean Online Mgt Corp., BookIt.com, Travelocity, Amex, Booking.com, Orbitz, Cheap Tickets, Priceline, Hotels.com, Venere and Tingo so you can book your Valentin Imperial Maya reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


text:
when did 'nice' & 'non-confrontational' become synonymous?
i couldn't be happier that my body has forgotten how to sleep.
what makes me smile.: Men;
At this period in my life I am nervous and afraid of men as a whole, all encompassing, non-exclusive group. Because too often I have been so hurt & uncared for, de-valued by them. When I am myself, they fall into like/love/lust for me & demand that I satisfy their desires without any thought,…
I think that each person is worth at least three cents; because I am willing to give you a penny for your thoughts, after which I will offer you my two cents worth.
"People. Just people. People make me nervous. All the people. When they walk past me I cringe. I hardly believe in the idea of family outside of blood. The concept I can't wrap my mind around is that we're in the blood, He has given all of us His blood and made us a family, but my concept of family is so askew I'm doubtful I'll ever get the hang of it. I come here and everything in me shouts,"RUN!" But something holds me here and draws me here each week, some force-my God- brought me here for some purpose. He sees things in me that I can't even hint at yet, He sees things in me that I only wish were true; responsible, amiable, resourceful, trustworthy, tactful. Those are the words I would choose to describe myself. Lord, how would you describe me? I know you designed me as a remarkable creature."
I spoke this to God last night and He responded to me through others (prophecy) that I am uniquely made. He showed them pictures of birds and promised me more freedom. Birds mean so much to me, what they represent to me. I see myself as a bird in my mind; always wanting to fly away, skittish around people, unattached, and the idea of being in a cage makes me want to die. But my God has promised me freedom.
I call bullsharks.
I'm upset. Sin nature is ugly as hell &that's right exactly where it belongs- in the bottomless fiery pit of hell. Yeah, go ahead. Lie to me, treat me like crap, use me, abuse me, and please - call yourself a Christian, do it all in the name of over-spiritualized bullshit. Hurl the blame on me and wash your hands of it. You've obviously lived a perfect life; sin can't touch you. I'm the one with the problems, the issues, the crazy one. Now, go ahead & wonder why so many people have issues with 'the church' & 'Christians' as a whole. Ask yourself how so many have deep wounds inflicted by the Bible thumpers, why they hate the idea of Jesus because of the 'followers' they've known. Preach to me. Tell me how to live my life, tell me what I'm doing wrong, try to make me feel guilty. Just please don't claim you're doing it out of love because that is the biggest sac of dog shit I've ever been tossed and I hope it burns along with your religious spirits and pathetic judgments.


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Halle Berry Pregnant?
Halle Berry Pregnant?
Not sure I believe this report from MTVE that she is pregnant from her boyfriend, actor Michael Ealy.
Tell your friends
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Merrell Men's Reach Glove
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FEATURES of the Merrell Men's Reach Glove
- Full grain leather and cow suede upper
- M Select fresh naturally prevents odor before it starts for fresh smelling feet
SPECIFICATIONS of the Merrell Men's Reach Glove
- Weight: 1/2 pair: 7.2 oz
- 0mm Drop / 4mm cushion
- Vibram outsole