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The vast majority of parents want to do the best for their children, but some struggle to do so. This is often because they don't understand the important role they can play or know how best to support their children's development.
The messages from research are crystal clear. When parents have the knowledge, skills and confidence to provide the kind of relationships and experiences that children need to learn and develop, it makes a real difference to children's futures.
Learning starts long before a child is able to talk and look at books - or even shake their first baby rattle. A child's experiences from the moment of birth, if not before, affect how the brain develops and their later outlook on the world, ability to learn, relationships and behaviour.
The human brain is unfinished at birth. A baby's brain develops at an astonishing pace: from 25 per cent at birth to 80 per cent of the fully formed brain by the age of three. This development is not automatic, but is 'experience dependent'. During the first three years of life, the brain makes trillions of new connections between nerve cells in response to their experiences. These connections govern the development of language, emotional, physical, social and cognitive abilities.
For practitioners working with vulnerable children and families, research evidence provides a very hopeful and positive message - how parents relate to their children and the activities they do with them have a greater impact on children's development than their socio-economic background. This does mean, however, that vulnerable parents need the information and support in order to provide their children with the best start and overcome cycles of disadvantage.
So how can parents support their young child's learning and development?
Early home learning is not just about the kind of pre-educational activities that the words may suggest. It is about a much wider range of experiences that provide the love, security, stimulation, encouragement and opportunities that help children flourish and grow to achieve their full potential.
Creating a positive home learning environment
Opportunities to explore and learn
Being child focused and led
Developing literacy and language
Adapted from Wheeler and Connor (2009) Sources: Nutbown et al. (2005); Siraj-Blatchford and McCallum (2005); Sylva et al (2004); Siraj-Blatchford et al (2002); DfES (2002); National Literacy Trust (2001)
Download Activities and behaviours that create a positive home learning environment.
What about childcare providers who are effectively offering a home learning environment?
The messages about what children need at home to learn and develop are equally relevant for providers such as childminders and daycare settings caring for children for a significant proportion of their waking day. Building in time and opportunities for one-to-one interaction, talking and listening with babies and young children will be important in addition to group activities and play.
Making More Great and Affordable Childcare a Reality


text: Behind-the-Scenes Peek at PawPaws Doggie Hotel in Sydney, Australia 2009-01-29 17:45:55 Out and About: Sydney's Swank PawPaws January 29, 2009 Share This link Behind-the-Scenes Peek at PawPaws Doggie Hotel in Sydney, Australia 2009-01-29 17:45:55 18 / 43 by POPSUGAR Pets 2 Save 0 Favorite 0 Previous 18 / 43 Next by POPSUGAR Pets 2 ‹ Back to Homepage Save 0 Favorite 0 Follow POPSUGAR Pets Pinterest Twitter Google + Instagram Featured Partners Meow! Big Kittens Take Over the PEOPLE Studio VIDEO: Stray Dog Duets with Street Performer & It's Totally Perfect Dog Rescued From Rubble Nine Days After Illinois Tornado American Foxhound Jewel Wins National Dog Show More News at PEOPLE.com/pets 5 Life Lessons Grumpy Cat Taught Me Happy Tail: A Dalmatian dream comes true Happy Tail: This Labrador retriever is a gem of a pooch A Maltipoo is thrown over a shelter fence – and saved! More News at Pet Finder Bad Dog Jokes: Banana and Miso NY Lawsuit Seeks 'Legal Personhood' of Chimpanzees Boy in Coma Could Lose Dog That Comforts Him 500-Pound Pig Loose in Small Oregon Town More News at Paw Nation popsugar live! NOW Watch POPSUGAR LIVE! Now NOW Watch POPSUGAR LIVE! Now Sponsored Links Subscribe to POPSUGAR Subscribe now to get instantly addictive email delivered to your inbox! Daily Sales & Arrivals Celebrity & Entertainment Featured Shops Fitness Fashion & Beauty Living Must Have ShopStyle Search Top BrandsCaparrosDeepa GurnaniBrigitte BaileyM·A·CSue WongTory BurchMackageNina Top Searcheswrist watchwomen s athletic shoeswomens coatsgraduation dressbeaded jewelryundergroundcarolina herreratoms

subset: commoncrawl


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Climbing Cat, DIY Scratch Post, Climbing Frame
People Who Liked This Video Also Liked
Did this video help you?
pedrokz: Great thing you builty her, she will love being able to watch out the window. Mine misses all the wooded view where used to live now he just stares for birds in my fenced back yard. Weiji Zhou: Here are our new type cat scratching post, and they are really great, durable and with cool shape in my facebook. we are manufacturer in Shenzhen, guangdong province,China. my skype: jimmy.zhou22 my facebook: email@example.com MrAGzoR: my cat training base cat Zetas )))))on my page RedSwoo: ahah, awesome. Yeah the ones you buy are really wobbly this is one of the main reasons I built this one. to make it really strong, be sure to have a fairly large base and if possible attached to a wall up high. I think fence posts work work really well, my previous cat used to use one of our fence posts as a scratch post, he loved it. catsfordummies: That's great. I have a commercial one, but it is so wobbly. I was thinking of buying a more sturdy one, but you just gave me an idea. I will make one! I have a couple of broken fence posts outside, so I can make the tree out of that! Nurul Q: Thanks RedSwoo: She is a Maine Coon. 3 years old now, quite a bit bigger. She jumps to the top now. The lower platform has been relocated much higher above the climbing post for extra difficulty and a higher view. Nurul Q: OVERLOAD Nurul Q: What's her breed... CUTENESS OCERLOAD!! ↖(^ω^)↗ Susan Szabo: beautiful cat. Very unusual ears she almost looks wild. Sonia: <3 so cute! ;) Janice Robertson: Good job. You cat is beautiful and it's good to see her enjoying her climbing post. Kimisha Ibrahim: She's beautiful. RedSwoo: Thanks! Now that she is older she can just jump straight to the top, so I have added an additional platform even higher! Kacie Hoffman: She's ADORABLE!!! Great job on that, you got a lucky kitty!! bandoheme: Nice job and inspiring to me on my project. Thanks! RedSwoo: Hi, some of the materials are in the video description. I think you can still get posts like these in B&Q. The main post is 120cm Height, 17cm width, 10cm depth, with a large base. The platforms(47cm w, 42cm d) are made from old shelf units which are ply wood, then carpet off cuts are glued onto the platforms and folded around the edges and stapled tight using a staple gun(has lasted very well so far, no signs of wear)The lower platform is 80 cm in height. Good luck with it! symphonicity: Hi there, could you please detail the materials you used for this? size of the platforms, height of the post etc? I want to make something similar for my lazy 6yo cat. :-) manoirdaisy: That's great, was told about the toy stuffing by a vet so tend to warm people just in case--I know how quickly my dogs can shred a toy! RedSwoo: Thanks for the comments. The fabric is a cut off from a sheer curtain. She used to like lying on/against it when it was hanging from the curtain pole a bit like a sideways hammock. Got to be careful tho. Thanks manoirdaisy: What is the white fabric (?) at the base of the lower tower? Just be careful in case your cat tries to eat it. Toy stuffing, if ingested and then mixed with the gastric juices, can become a semi-solid mass in the stomach. beautiful cat & great climbing posts. Mario Chui: i love your cat! karenergy: she's adorable! Great post MerrimacVI: Nice job on the post and the shelf! And whatta pretty cat! |
Climbing Cat, DIY Scratch Post, climbing frame
out of 5


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Ty Herndon
Ty Herndon
Living in a Moment
Original Release Date: August 13, 1996
Track Listing
1. Living in a Moment
2. Returning the Faith
3. She Wants to Be Wanted Again
4. Before There Was You
5. Don't Tell Mama
6. Loved Too Much
7. Her Heart Is Only Human
8. Love Don't Work That Way
9. I Have to Surrender
10. I Know How the River Feels
Graham Lewis: Assistant Engineer
John Wesley Ryles: Vocals (Background)
Joe Chemay: Bass
Kevin Beamish: Mixing
Stephanie Bentley: Vocals (Background)
Bruce Bouton: Guitar (Steel), Lap Steel Guitar
Robert Charles: Assistant Engineer
Don Cobb: Editing
Tommy Cooper: Engineer, Recording Technician
Larry Franklin: Fiddle
Mark Hagen: Mixing Assistant
Dann Huff: Guitar (Electric)
Mel Jones: Assistant Engineer
Paul Leim: Drums
Liana Manis: Vocals (Background)
Anthony Martin: Engineer, Assistant Engineer
Jonell Mosser: Vocals (Background)
Steve Nathan: Keyboards
Denny Purcell: Mastering
Tom Roady: Percussion
Ed Seay: Engineer, Recording Technician
Biff Watson: Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar, Mandolin
John Willis: Guitar (Acoustic), Guitar
Ty Herndon: Vocals
Brent Rowen: Guitar (Electric)
Jim Burnett: Assistant Engineer
Erik Hellerman: Assistant Engineer
Michael Jones: Vocals (Background)
Bill Johnson: Art Direction
Jodi Lynn Miller: Art Direction
Matthew Barnes: Photography
Blue Miller: Vocals (Background)
Mark Ralston: Assistant Engineer
Paige Conners: Production Coordination
Drew Womack: Vocals (Background), ?
Tony Castle: Assistant Engineer
Don Schlitz: Composer
Al Graffmick: Assistant Engineer
Jeff Willis: Assistant Engineer
Doug Johnson: Producer, Overdubs
Mike Jones: Vocals (Background)


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Get the Best Priced Pontiac Sunfire EGR Valve
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Parts priced very reasonable comparing to the auto parts store. Yet the Quality is just as good. A variaty of parts are available to choose from. Fast shipping to my door only takes two days wi...
OEM parts actually came in logo branded packages. Non-OEM parts ordered were not the same as the parts they were replacing but should be acceptable substitutions. Shipping is really fast! Prices are good. I even recommended partsgeek to my mother.


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nss-pam-ldapd is a Name Service Switch module and Pluggable Authentication Module using an LDAP server. It allows your LDAP server to provide user account, group, host name, alias, netgroup, and almost any other information that you would normally get from /etc flat files or NIS, and allows you to do authentication to an LDAP server.
The sysstat package contains the sar, sadf, iostat, nfsiostat, cifsiostat, mpstat, and pidstat commands for Linux. The sar command collects and reports system activity information. The statistics reported by sar concern I/O transfer rates, paging activity, process-related activites, interrupts, network activity, memory and swap space utilization, CPU utilization, kernel activities, and TTY statistics, among others. The sadf command may be used to display data collected by sar in various formats. The iostat command reports CPU statistics and I/O statistics for tty devices and disks. The pidstat command reports statistics for Linux processes. The mpstat command reports global and per-processor statistics. The nfsiostat command reports I/O statistics for network filesystems. The cifsiostat command reports I/O statistics for CIFS filesystems.
Keepalived for LVS aims to add a strong and robust keepalive facility to the Linux Virtual Server project. This project is written in C with multilayer TCP/IP stack checks. It implements a framework based on three family checks: Layer3, Layer4, and Layer5. This framework gives the daemon the ability of checking a LVS server pool states.When one of the servers in the LVS server pool is down, keepalived informs the Linux kernel via a setsockopt call to remove this server entry from the LVS topology. In addition, it implements a VRRPv2 stack to handle director failover.
SAC performs login accounting, just like the ac program but with total, per day, per user and per tty. It also performs average usage, hourly profiling, login listing, login clipping and raw wtmp reporting as well as tons of other options. SAC supports Tacacs 3.x/4.x and most Radius accounting files.
P-Synch is a commercial password management toolkit which provides automated password synchronization, password strength enforcement, password self-reset by authenticated users, and streamlined password reset by helpdesk. P-Synch is available for both internal use as well as for Internet-based deployments in B2B and B2C applications.
MIB Smithy SDK is a dynamic extension to Tcl/Tk (8.4+) that allows development of custom scripts for controlling SNMP agents, manipulating SMI definitions, doing conversions, and more. It is based on the core of Muonics' MIB Smithy, and the SDK supports SMIv1 and SMIv2, as well as SNMPv1/v2c/v3 with HMAC-SHA-96 and HMAC-MD5-96 authentication and DES/CBC and AES128/CFB privacy. It also provides complete read-write access to all elements of SMI/MIB Module definitions, unlike similar extensions that provide only read access to a limited subset. The SDK allows multiple discrete SMI databases and SNMP sessions, and provides all of the built-in validation and error recovery capabilites of the full product, without the visual MIB development environment.
muser lists processes which have a given directory (or cwd if not specified) as a parent of their current working directory (thus making it impossible to unmount that directory if it is a mount point). This script has overlapping functionality with the fuser program from the psmisc package, but has the advantage that it works on SMB mounts. Additionally, it provides a color, formatted listing of process IDs, executable names, current working directories, and the command lines used to run the programs. It works with varying-sized /proc/*/cwd fields.


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Want more amateur lads? Follow me here:
www.amateurlads.tumblr.comBe featured on my blog to thousands of people by sending your picture(s) here. Or email your naughty pictures to: email@example.com
(Source: vintagecanadianbeer, via asmith1970)
Who wouldn't wanna wake up in the morning and see this in their bathroom?
Robbie from Island Studs (islandstuds.com)… aka Deryck at ChaosMen… aka Buddy Smokes at whatever else.
Mirror time #1: Hot ass and purple thong. Do you think she looks pretty tonight?
(via gijoe1972)


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Story Meadow at the Library of Birmingham
Story Meadow
The space will be filled with origami flowers
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Story Meadow Tales of Migration to Birmingham
For the new Library of Birmingham Discovery Season
26th November – 1st December 2013
Library of Birmingham, Centenary Square, Broad Street, Birmingham, B1 2ND
See the photos of the (over 1000) flowers on flickr.
The tour has been extended to inlcude 2 new Birmingham venues this autumn/winter.
21 November – 12 December
Birmingham Repertory Theatre & Library of Birmingham
Foyer space, Centenary Square, Broad Street, Birmingham B1 2ND
14 December - 2 February
mac birmingham, Cannon Hill Park, Birmingham B12 9QH
There are some new films on our You Tube playlist http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL543g8kDHwN30EJ_lQOJ_AhDuxyRakRtW
Photos of the project on flickr.
More project info at www.makingmoves.org
We are working with WAVE: The Museums, Galleries and Archives of Wolverhampton, and their Craftplay resource.
Take a look at the diary page for news of this winter's exhibitions and events...
Migrating Birds
jewellery range is inspired by the women's experiences of migrating to
Developing people, ideas and opportunities through contemporary craft.


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more recipes like:
"The rich and creamy cheese sauce in this easy broccoli casserole will have you reaching for seconds!"
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Studio: Unknown
Release: June 6, 2011
Director: Jessica Brickman
Writer: Jessica Brickman
Cast: Jason Ritter, Bob Balaban, Fran Kranz, Kristen Connolly, Audrey Lynn Weston
Ranked #12,693 of 17,931
More/Detailed InformationThere are at least 6 article(s) filed under The Five Stages of Grief
Trailers & Clips
Trailer for the short film The Five Stages of Grief. Daniel's fa...
Posted 2011-09-07 11:53:52
Tags: short, comedy, drama, the five stages of grief
Runtime: 0m37s | Views: 2916 | Embeds: 298
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Trailers & Clips
Miss March: B-Roll
B-roll for Miss March. B-roll provides a compilation of behind the...
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Runtime: 4m37s | Views: 10695 | Embeds: 1661
Miss March: TV Spot #1
The first TV Spot for Miss March which is set to hit theaters on M...
Posted 2009-03-03 10:35:06
Tags: 20th fox, comedy, zach cregger, miss march
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Miss March: Red Band Trailer
The red band trailer for Miss March has been released by IGN. Mis...
Posted 2009-02-11 20:32:30
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Miss March: Trailer
Miss March trailer: A young man who awakens from a four-year coma...
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Sixth Generation125.
Mary Anne Anthony was born in 1848 in Claines, Worcester,
England. She was christened on 5 Feb 1848 in Claines, Worcester,
England.1 She appeared in
the census in 1851 in livery stables yard, Summer place (off Castle St).
She appeared in the census in 1861 in 9 St Nicholas Street Worcester.
working as a servant for Edmund Malpas, a maltster and wine and spirit merchant.
She lived in 4 Lonsdale Terrace, Portobello road, Notting Hill London in 1869/70.
She lived at the time of separation & during divorce proceedings from her husband
William Simmons in 5 Edinburgh Terrace, Shepherds Bush London , Middlesex in
1885/86. the exact dates were shown to be beween the months of May
1885 and July 1886 She died ?. Document found in National
Archive's at Kew
Mary Anne Anthony and William Simmons were married on 5 Sep 1869 in St John
Baptist Claines Worcester.Witnesses Richard Anthony & Elizabeth Dinah Anthony.
They appeared in the census in 1871 in 8 Victoria Gardens, Kensington, London.
It was from this house, 8 Victoria Gardens that James and Catherine Anthony's
daughter -also Mary Ann married Samuel Hilditch Taylor 3 years later in 1874.It
is clear that both Mary Ann's were not only very close cousins but close friends,
living close to one another all the time they were growing up.
Anne Anthony and Robert James H. Campbell were married in Sep 1888 in Fulham
London England. They appeared in the census in 1891 in 9 Devonshire
place Fulham London. 3 years taken off her age at this census and
she was calling herself 'Annie'
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Nice! Passed by but I never got to go into there. Stopped by Wall Drug tho. My roommate had to get to Seattle to catch a plane.
Its worth at least a day to visit, maybe more when its not summer. 113 degrees F and humidity kept me from wanting to spend too much time there.
Photo taken in Interior, SD, USA


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What Makes Your OC Tick-Francis L. AmadeusThis here little written meme-journal entry-thing is not going to ask you what your character looks like. It is not going to ask what your character's favorite color is. It's not even going to ask what your character would do if cupcakes fell from the sky. This, my friends, is going to put you to the test--just how developed is your character. Does his/hers/its psychological build make sense and fit together? If your character isn't that developed, then I hope this helps.What Makes Your OC Tick-Francis L. Amadeus2 years ago in Memes More Like This
a) Use as many characters as you please.
b) If you're a big freak about staying in character, I'd recommend that YOU answer. Not your character/s because, let's face it, not all characters would spill their beans.
c) You don't have to tag anyone, but it's highly expected.
d) Don't worry too much about grammar--this is development. Not an English test.
Me- "Ok, Francis!..Now be truthful! You agreed to this interview!!"
Francis-*brushes his short black silky hair, then puts his brush away in his coat, moves his l


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This property has been removed by the agent.
It may be let or temporarily removed from the market View similar propertiesKey features:
- Luxury 2 Bedroom Apartment
- Close To Local Amenities
- In Saught After Area
- Open Plan Lounge/Kitchen
- Master Bedroom With Built In Wardrobes
- En-Suite Shower Room
- Gas Central Heating
- Council Tax Band C.
- Av. Now For 6 Mths & Ongoing
- No Pets/Smokers/HB


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Although I tried to subtly probe the safe and clean issue in terms of waste disposal, I didn't get much information. I didn't want to ask a leading question regarding whether or not the nurse felt that he/she was unsafe because of improper disposal procedures. It was very interesting to find that disposal was inconvenient. I would be interested to understand why and maybe go from there. I'm starting to think that if disposal is easier, people will make the right decisions. That is my hypothesis. Same thing applies to my other survey. Its easier for people to throw pills away in the garbage, yet most of them do not know the proper way to dispose. Making it easier could save a lot of drugs and toxins from entering our food and water supply.
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in the thread questionnaire/survey #1 (for VNAs and Caretakers)Posted October 27, 2008
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Linux Journal Flickr Pool Roundup
Linux Journal's Flickr pool regularly brings in fun photos from readers around the world.
In addition to what we post in Linux Journal's Flickr Pool Roundup here online, we also choose one photo to run in the print magazine as Photo of the Month. The photo's owner receives a free LJ t-shirt as their lucky prize, so make sure to add your photo to the pool.
Victor Mendonça, an IT worker and Linux enthusiast, brings us "When Office Supplies Attack".
Victor also brings us "Hard at Work". Ha.
Editor Shawn Powers' head was too big to walk through the office door after he was declared hotter than Wesley Crusher. (I think him and Wil Wheaton are now planning some sort of death match over it at PenguinCon. I'm not sure but I did hear some pretty convincing rumors.)
Doc Searls snapped this shot of the BeagleBoard, an ultra-low cost, high performance, low power OMAP3 based platform at Linux World Expo.
And now a little trivia for you. One of the people in this picture was featured on a recent cover of Linux Journal. Know who it is?
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Carlie Fairchild is the publisher of Linux Journal.
Linux has become a key foundation for supporting today's rapidly growing IT environments. Linux is being used to deploy business applications and databases, trading on its reputation as a low-cost operating environment. For many IT organizations, Linux is a mainstay for deploying Web servers and has evolved from handling basic file, print, and utility workloads to running mission-critical applications and databases, physically, virtually, and in the cloud. As Linux grows in importance in terms of value to the business, managing Linux environments to high standards of service quality — availability, security, and performance — becomes an essential requirement for business success.
Sponsored by Red Hat
If you already use virtualized infrastructure, you are well on your way to leveraging the power of the cloud. Virtualization offers the promise of limitless resources, but how do you manage that scalability when your DevOps team doesn't scale? In today's hypercompetitive markets, fast results can make a difference between leading the pack vs. obsolescence. Organizations need more benefits from cloud computing than just raw resources. They need agility, flexibility, convenience, ROI, and control.
Stackato private Platform-as-a-Service technology from ActiveState extends your private cloud infrastructure by creating a private PaaS to provide on-demand availability, flexibility, control, and ultimately, faster time-to-market for your enterprise.
Sponsored by ActiveState
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- March 11, 2007
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DATRUTH writes:
I'm just standing up for the cheerleading coach who is a fine oustanding citizen of Hartwell.
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Your Search Returned 18 tagged news reports
As Lenin said, "The Capitalists will sell us the rope with which we will hang them."...After his announcement he added the tag line, I'll try not to get arrested...Yes, this person did protest the Vietnam War by burning his draft card and applying
We're making third biggest company in Russian internet' A new united company, created after the merger of SUP Media and Rambler-Afisha, will become the third-biggest player in the Russian internet, billionaire Aleksandr Mamut told RT in an exclusive
Williams Tacoma News Tribune Posted August 17, 2012 at 8:28 p.m. The Seattle Seahawks' talented defensive backfield will face perhaps its toughest challenge of the exhibition season when they take on the Denver Broncos, led by future Hall of Famer
He was almost like a father to me." "Dear Diz (Every Day I Think of You)" is Arturo Sandoval's latest album, a tribute to his mentor, friend, and master of bebop trumpet, Dizzy Gillespie. Sandoval, who appears Saturday at Cache Creek, was born and
Mate Kocsis, mayor of Budapest's 8th District, using a home renovation metaphor to describe the homeless laws "And then I couldn't pay my rent," he says. "And I tried to find another job, I tried a lot...And there was nobody there to help me; I don't
New Bruno Mars single "It Will Rain" soundtrack of Twilight Breaking Dawn Part 1 which is rated PG-13 and will be seen on theatre on November 18, 2011 while Part 2 will be shown on November 16, 2012. "The Twilight movies for me [
And again, I apologize for the late hour for the start of the briefing. I was called away on a personal event this morning, personal thing, so I didn't get to a chance to brief earlier. But you saw the Secretary has given a press avail in Zambia, so
Louisiana-Lafayette softball players Christi Orgeron and Ashley Brignac picked up some noteworthy awards Tuesday. Now they'll try to lead the Ragin' Cajuns to the Sun Belt Conference tournament championship. Orgeron, a junior right fielder from New
Ariz. (AP) — Prosecutors will be allowed to call an expert to testify about why dozens of people felt that they couldn't leave a sweat lodge ceremony that turned deadly. Yavapai County Superior Court Judge Warren Darrow made the
I've a problem with my liver and twice in the last few years they've tried to take it away from me. The last time my case was reviewed I failed, I mean, I passed. They said I was fit enough to work and I appealed and my doctor backed me up and now I


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Whether to use in your treatments or sell on the shelves of your retail section, private-label products are a sure way to impress customers. Peruse our collection and find something you'd be proud to put your name on.
Be Beauty Inc. manufactures professional nail products with an extensive line of private and custom labels. Among the company's most popular items are Love Potion Massage Body Oil, Pedicure Spa Salt, Citrus Fresh Sugar Scrub, and Nail Liquid. Be Beauty also sells polishes, gel-polishes, disinfectants, student nail kits, and more.
Magis Supplies provides gel foil nail wraps for fingers and toes with private label opportunities. Foil wraps both speed up polish removal and require less acetone. They can also be integrated into the grooming process — instead of remover, just douse the nail in cuticle oil and wrap for extra hydration. Magis' foils are strong enough to unwrap and reapply if necessary.
Pravada is a full-service private label skin care company. All products are made with naturally derived certified organic ingredients, such as shea butter, aloe, and eucalyptus. Pravada offers over 100 facial, bath, body, and mani/pedi formulations. Featured above is a complete line of products developed specifically for pampering hands and feet, which includes mineral foot soaks, antioxidant cuticle creams, polishes, balms, and deep therapy creams.
Scrumptious Inc. products are made with all-natural ingredients and aim at reviving and moisturizing skin. The brand's number-one product, Chocolate Hand Scrub, is a non-greasy formula that leaves clients' hands smelling like a Hershey's bar. Owner Michelle Brown recommends it for specialty salon treatments and as a retail item. Other scents include original with tea tree, sensitive (fragrance-free), peppermint, citrus, and butter cream.
Sheba Nails offers a wide variety of professional nail products including UV and soak-off gels, acrylics, odorless acrylics, and many different nail art items. The company helps customize and package each order to best fit the customer's individual market. Pictured above are massage oils, cuticle removers, nail glue, and mani/pedi treatment lotions. No minimum order.
Star Nail, founded by Tony and Steve Cuccio, offers "scentual" vitamin-rich oil blends that nourish cuticles and nails. The light and non-greasy aromatherapy formulas are packaged in dainty bubble bottles and available in eight signature scents: mango, vanilla, peach vanilla, almond, cranberry, pear, freesia, and melon.
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- Television Review: 'Bonnie & Clyde,' a Special on A&E, History and Lifetime
- Christopher Evan Welch, 48, Stage and Screen Actor, Dies
- A Settlement Between Fox News and a Former Top Executive? Perhaps
- Advertising: Grammys Go Live in One Real-Time Show to Promote Another
- Advertising: Recalling TV's Golden Age, Stars Pitch Products Tied to Their Shows
Baby Beauty Queens
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A look at mothers and daughters on the beauty pageant circuit. Includes interviews with contestants, their parents and pageant directors.
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We are one day away from the big game in Atlanta. Third ranked Georgia plays second ranked Alabama not only for the SEC championship but a chance to play in the BSC national championship game.
Playing for a national championship let alone an SEC championship didn't seem possible for this Georgia football team after they were soundly beaten at South Carolina in early October.
Or two years ago when the Bulldogs posted a losing record for the first time in the Mark Richt era.
A group of seniors has led the Bulldogs back to the top and they want to finish the climb Saturday.
"We haven't had an SEC championship in awhile. We haven't played in a national championship in a long, long time. I think it shows how far we have come and we are back on track," said Christian Robinson, Georgia Running Back
The SEC championship game starts at four o'clock Saturday at the Georgia Dome.
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An investigation is underway after the skeletal remains of two infants were found in a North Canton mobile home.
Cops were called to the mobile home on North Main Street just before 12:30 p.m. on Monday.
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Tex Ritter
Tex Ritter
Sing, Cowboy, Sing
Original Release Date: July 24, 2001
Track Listing
1. Sing, Cowboy, Sing
2. Sam Hall
3. Get Along Little Dogies
4. I'm a Do-Right Cowboy
5. Lady Killin' Cowboy
6. Bill, The Bar Fly
7. Nobody's Darling but Mine
8. (Take Me Back to My) Boots and Saddle
9. The Oregon Trail
10. A Melody from the Sky
11. The Hills of Old Wyoming
12. We'll Rest at the End of the Trail
13. High, Wide and Handsome
14. Headin' for the Rio Grande
15. Out on the Lone Prairie
16. Arizona Days
17. Jailhouse Lament
18. I'm Hittin' the Trail for Home
19. I'm a Natural Born Cowboy
20. Ride, Ride, Ride
21. Ridin' Down the Trail to Albuquerque
22. Down the Colorado Trail
23. When It's Lamplighting Time in the Valley
24. Singin' in the Saddle
25. Al Viva Tequila [Intro: Il Rancho Grande]
26. Sundown on the Prairie
Jimmie Davis: Composer
Tex Ritter: Guitar, Arranger, Composer, Vocals
David Barnes: Compilation
Peter DeRose: Composer
Ralph Rainger: Composer
Leo Robin: Composer
Fred Rose: Composer
Colin Williams: Photography
Lloyd Perryman: Bass
Curt Poulton: Composer
Dean Upson: Composer
Clyde Wilson: Bass
Phil Duffy: Design
Louis Alter: Composer
Sidney Mitchell: Composer
Rudy Sooter: Guitar
Albert Von Tilzer: Composer
Billy Hill: Composer
Bill Murray: Accordion
June Hershey: Composer


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Most Downloaded The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Articles
1. Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships
October 2002
Kelly E Heim | Anthony R Tagliaferro | Dennis J Bobilya
Abstract: Flavonoids are a class of secondary plant phenolics with significant antioxidant and chelating properties. In the human diet, they are most concentrated in fruits, vegetables, wines, teas and cocoa. Their cardioprotective effects stem from the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation, chelate redox-active metals, and attenuate other processes involving reactive oxygen species. Flavonoids occur in foods primarily as glycosides and polymers that are degraded to variable extents in the digestive tract. Although metabolism of these compounds remains elusive, enteric absorption occurs sufficiently to reduce plasma indices of oxidant status. The propensity of a flavonoid to inhibit free-radical mediated events is governed by its chemical structure. Since these compounds are based on the flavan nucleus, the number, positions, and types of substitutions influence radical scavenging and chelating activity. The diversity and multiple mechanisms of flavonoid action, together with the numerous methods of initiation, detection and measurement of oxidative processes in vitro and in vivo offer plausible explanations for existing discrepancies in structure-activity relationships. Despite some inconsistent lines of evidence, several structure-activity relationships are well established in vitro. Multiple hydroxyl groups confer upon the molecule substantial antioxidant, chelating and prooxidant activity. Methoxy groups introduce unfavorable steric effects and increase lipophilicity and membrane partitioning. A double bond and carbonyl function in the heterocycle or polymerization of the nuclear structure increases activity by affording a more stable flavonoid radical through conjugation and electron delocalization. Further investigation of the metabolism of these phytochemicals is justified to extend structure-activity relationships (SAR) to preventive and therapeutic nutritional strategies.
2. Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems
March 2005
Mark P. Mattson | Ruiqian Wan
Abstract: Intermittent fasting (IF; reduced meal frequency) and caloric restriction (CR) extend lifespan and increase resistance to age-related diseases in rodents and monkeys and improve the health of overweight humans. Both IF and CR enhance cardiovascular and brain functions and improve several risk factors for coronary artery disease and stroke including a reduction in blood pressure and increased insulin sensitivity. Cardiovascular stress adaptation is improved and heart rate variability is increased in rodents maintained on an IF or a CR diet. Moreover, rodents maintained on an IF regimen exhibit increased resistance of heart and brain cells to ischemic injury in experimental models of myocardial infarction and stroke. The beneficial effects of IF and CR result from at least two mechanisms — reduced oxidative damage and increased cellular stress resistance. Recent findings suggest that some of the beneficial effects of IF on both the cardiovascular system and the brain are mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in the brain. Interestingly, cellular and molecular effects of IF and CR on the cardiovascular system and the brain are similar to those of regular physical exercise, suggesting shared mechanisms. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which IF and CR affect the blood vessels and heart and brain cells will likely lead to novel preventative and therapeutic strategies for extending health span.
3. Recent advances in understanding the anti-diabetic actions of dietary flavonoids
November 2013
Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu | Dongmin Liu | Elizabeth R. Gilbert
Abstract: Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are abundant in fruits and vegetables, and increasing evidence demonstrates a positive relationship between consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and disease prevention. Epidemiological, in vitro and animal studies support the beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids on glucose and lipid homeostasis. It is encouraging that the beneficial effects of some flavonoids are at physiological concentrations and comparable to clinically-used anti-diabetic drugs; however, clinical research in this field and studies on the anti-diabetic effects of flavonoid metabolites are limited. Flavonoids act on various molecular targets and regulate different signaling pathways in pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes and skeletal myofibers. Flavonoids may exert beneficial effects in diabetes by (i) enhancing insulin secretion and reducing apoptosis and promoting proliferation of pancreatic β-cells; (ii) improving hyperglycemia through regulation of glucose metabolism in hepatocytes; (iii) reducing insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in muscle and fat and (iv) increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. This review highlights recent findings on the anti-diabetic effects of dietary flavonoids, including flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanidins, flavones and isoflavones, with particular emphasis on the studies that investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of the compounds.
4. Benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota and implications in human health
August 2013
Fernando Cardona | Cristina Andrés-Lacueva | Sara Tulipani | Francisco J. Tinahones | María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
Abstract: The biological properties of dietary polyphenols are greatly dependent on their bioavailability that, in turn, is largely influenced by their degree of polymerization. The gut microbiota play a key role in modulating the production, bioavailability and, thus, the biological activities of phenolic metabolites, particularly after the intake of food containing high-molecular-weight polyphenols. In addition, evidence is emerging on the activity of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the colonic microbial population composition or activity. However, although the great range of health-promoting activities of dietary polyphenols has been widely investigated, their effect on the modulation of the gut ecology and the two-way relationship "polyphenols ↔ microbiota" are still poorly understood.Only a few studies have examined the impact of dietary polyphenols on the human gut microbiota, and most were focused on single polyphenol molecules and selected bacterial populations. This review focuses on the reciprocal interactions between the gut microbiota and polyphenols, the mechanisms of action and the consequences of these interactions on human health.
5. Lifestyle and nutritional imbalances associated with Western diseases: causes and consequences of chronic systemic low-grade inflammation in an evolutionary context
July 2013
Begoña Ruiz-Núñez | Leo Pruimboom | D.A. Janneke Dijck-Brouwer | Frits A.J. Muskiet
Abstract: In this review, we focus on lifestyle changes, especially dietary habits, that are at the basis of chronic systemic low grade inflammation, insulin resistance and Western diseases. Our sensitivity to develop insulin resistance traces back to our rapid brain growth in the past 2.5 million years. An inflammatory reaction jeopardizes the high glucose needs of our brain, causing various adaptations, including insulin resistance, functional reallocation of energy-rich nutrients and changing serum lipoprotein composition. The latter aims at redistribution of lipids, modulation of the immune reaction, and active inhibition of reverse cholesterol transport for damage repair. With the advent of the agricultural and industrial revolutions, we have introduced numerous false inflammatory triggers in our lifestyle, driving us to a state of chronic systemic low grade inflammation that eventually leads to typically Western diseases via an evolutionary conserved interaction between our immune system and metabolism. The underlying triggers are an abnormal dietary composition and microbial flora, insufficient physical activity and sleep, chronic stress and environmental pollution. The disturbance of our inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance is illustrated by dietary fatty acids and antioxidants. The current decrease in years without chronic disease is rather due to "nurture" than "nature," since less than 5% of the typically Western diseases are primary attributable to genetic factors. Resolution of the conflict between environment and our ancient genome might be the only effective manner for "healthy aging," and to achieve this we might have to return to the lifestyle of the Paleolithic era as translated to the 21st century culture.
6. Modulation of adipose tissue inflammation by bioactive food compounds
April 2013
Nalin Siriwardhana | Nishan S. Kalupahana | Maria Cekanova | Monique LeMieux | Betty Greer | Naima Moustaid-Moussa
Abstract: Adipose tissue has an important endocrine function in the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Obesity leads to a chronic low-grade inflammation of the adipose tissue, which disrupts this endocrine function and results in metabolic derangements, such as type-2 diabetes. Dietary bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and certain fatty acids, are known to suppress both systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and have the potential to improve these obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Mechanistically, polyphenolic compounds including non-flavonoids, such as curcumin and resveratrol, and flavonoids, such as catechins (tea-polyphenols), quercetin and isoflavones, suppress nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (MAPK) pathways while activating the 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in adipose tissue. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), such as oleic acid, also impart anti-inflammatory effects through several mechanisms. These include activation of AMPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), as well as suppression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NF-κB pathway. This review discusses the major molecular mechanisms of dietary polyphenols and fatty acids, alone or in combination, which are responsible for adipose tissue-associated anti-inflammatory effects.
7. Gluten-free diet reduces adiposity, inflammation and insulin resistance associated with the induction of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma expression
June 2013
Fabíola Lacerda Pires Soares | Rafael de Oliveira Matoso | Lílian Gonçalves Teixeira | Zélia Menezes | Solange Silveira Pereira | Andréa Catão Alves | Nathália Vieira Batista | Ana Maria Caetano de Faria | Denise Carmona Cara | Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira | Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite
Abstract: Gluten exclusion (protein complex present in many cereals) has been proposed as an option for the prevention of diseases other than coeliac disease. However, the effects of gluten-free diets on obesity and its mechanisms of action have not been studied. Thus, our objective was to assess whether gluten exclusion can prevent adipose tissue expansion and its consequences. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 4.5% gluten (Control) or no gluten (GF). Body weight and adiposity gains, leukocyte rolling and adhesion, macrophage infiltration and cytokine production in adipose tissue were assessed. Blood lipid profiles, glycaemia, insulin resistance and adipokines were measured. Expression of the PPAR-α and γ, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), carnitine palmitoyl acyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), insulin receptor, GLUT-4 and adipokines were assessed in epidydimal fat. Gluten-free animals showed a reduction in body weight gain and adiposity, without changes in food intake or lipid excretion. These results were associated with up-regulation of PPAR-α, LPL, HSL and CPT-1, which are related to lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. There was an improvement in glucose homeostasis and pro-inflammatory profile-related overexpression of PPAR-γ. Moreover, intravital microscopy showed a lower number of adhered cells in the adipose tissue microvasculature. The overexpression of PPAR-γ is related to the increase of adiponectin and GLUT-4. Our data support the beneficial effects of gluten-free diets in reducing adiposity gain, inflammation and insulin resistance. The data suggests that diet gluten exclusion should be tested as a new dietary approach to prevent the development of obesity and metabolic disorders.
8. The role of dietary fatty acids in the pathology of metabolic syndrome
September 2012
Ana Maria Lottenberg | Milessa da Silva Afonso | Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador | Roberta Marcondes Machado | Edna Regina Nakandakare
Abstract: Dysfunctional lipid metabolism is a key component in the development of metabolic syndrome, a very frequent condition characterized by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity and hypertension, which are related to an elevated risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with the severity of obesity; its physiopathology is related to both genetics and food intake habits, especially the consumption of a high-caloric, high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. With the progress of scientific knowledge in the field of nutrigenomics, it was possible to elucidate how the majority of dietary fatty acids influence plasma lipid metabolism and also the genes expression involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis within hepatocytes and adipocytes. The aim of this review is to examine the relevant mechanistic aspects of dietary fatty acids related to blood lipids, adipose tissue metabolism, hepatic fat storage and inflammatory process, all of them closely related to the genesis of metabolic syndrome.
9. The modulatory role of high fat feeding on gastrointestinal signals in obesity
October 2013
Frank A. Duca | Yassine Sakar | Mihai Covasa
Abstract: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a specialized sensory system that detects and responds to constant changes in nutrient- and bacterial-derived intestinal signals, thus contributing to controls of food intake. Chronic exposure to dietary fat causes morphological, physiological and metabolic changes leading to disruptions in the regulatory feeding pathways promoting more efficient fat absorption and utilization, blunted satiation signals and excess adiposity. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that impaired gastrointestinal signals following long-term high fat consumption are, at least partially, responsible for increased caloric intake. This review focuses on the role of dietary fat in modulating oral and post-oral chemosensory signaling elements responsible for lipid detection and responses, including changes in sensitivity to satiation signals, such as GLP-1, PYY and CCK and their impact on food intake and weight gain. Furthermore, the influence of the gut microbiota on mechanisms controlling energy regulation in the face of excessive fat exposure will be explored. The profound influence of dietary fats on altering complex regulatory feeding pathways can result in dysregulation of body weight and development of obesity, while restoration or manipulation of satiation signaling may prove an effective tool in prevention and treatment of obesity.
10. Functional properties of whey, whey components, and essential amino acids: mechanisms underlying health benefits for active people (review)
May 2003
Ewan Ha | Michael B. Zemel
Abstract: Whey proteins and amino acid supplements have a strong position in the sports nutrition market based on the purported quality of proteins and amino acids they provide. Recent studies employing stable isotope methodology demonstrate the ability of whey proteins or amino acid mixtures of similar composition to promote whole body and muscle protein synthesis. Other developing avenues of research explore health benefits of whey that extend beyond protein and basic nutrition. Many bioactive components derived from whey are under study for their ability to offer specific health benefits. These functions are being investigated predominantly in tissue culture systems and animal models. The capacity of these compounds to modulate adiposity, and to enhance immune function and anti-oxidant activity presents new applications potentially suited to the needs of those individuals with active lifestyles. This paper will review the recent literature that describes functional properties of essential amino acids, whey proteins, whey-derived minerals and other compounds and the mechanisms by which they may confer benefits to active people in the context that exercise is a form of metabolic stress. The response to this stress can be positive, as with the accretion of more muscle and improved functionality or greater strength. However, overall benefits may be compromised if immune function or general health is challenged in response to the stress. From a mechanistic standpoint, whey proteins, their composite amino acids, and/or associated compounds may be able to provide substrate and bioactive components to extend the overall benefits of physical activity.
11. Nutritional protective mechanisms against gut inflammation
June 2013
Monica Viladomiu | Raquel Hontecillas | Lijuan Yuan | Pinyi Lu | Josep Bassaganya-Riera
Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a debilitating and widespread immune-mediated illness characterized by excessive inflammatory and effector mucosal responses leading to tissue destruction at the gastrointestinal tract. Interactions among the immune system, the commensal microbiota and the host genotype are thought to underlie the pathogenesis of IBD. However, the precise etiology of IBD remains unknown. Diet-induced changes in the composition of the gut microbiome can modulate the induction of regulatory versus effector immune responses at the gut mucosa and improve health outcomes. Therefore, manipulation of gut microbiota composition and the local production of microbial-derived metabolites by using prebiotics, probiotics and dietary fibers is being explored as a promising avenue of prophylactic and therapeutic intervention against gut inflammation. Prebiotics and fiber carbohydrates are fermented by resident microflora into short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon. SCFAs then activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, a nuclear transcription factor with widely demonstrated anti-inflammatory efficacy in experimental IBD. The activation of PPARγ by naturally ocurring compounds such as conjugated linoleic acid, pomegranate seed oil-derived punicic acid, eleostearic acid and abscisic acid has been explored as nutritional interventions that suppress colitis by directly modulating the host immune response. The aim of this review is to summarize the status of innovative nutritional interventions against gastrointestinal inflammation, their proposed mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical efficacy as well as bioinformatics and computational modeling approaches that accelerate discovery in nutritional and mucosal immunology research.
12. Antiobesity effects of green tea catechins: a mechanistic review
January 2011
Tia M. Rains | Sanjiv Agarwal | Kevin C. Maki
Abstract: Green tea catechins (GTC) are polyphenolic compounds present in the unfermented dried leaves of the plant, Camellia sinensis. Results from a number of randomized, controlled intervention trials have shown that consumption of GTC (270 mg to 1200 mg/day) may reduce body weight and fat. There are several proposed mechanisms whereby GTC may influence body weight and composition. The predominating hypothesis is that GTC influences sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, increasing energy expenditure and promoting the oxidation of fat. Caffeine, naturally present in green tea, also influences SNS activity, and may act synergistically with GTC to increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Other potential mechanisms include modifications in appetite, up-regulation of enzymes involved in hepatic fat oxidation, and decreased nutrient absorption. This article reviews the evidence for each of these purported mechanisms, with particular reference to studies in humans.
13. Nutritional modulation of cognitive function and mental health
May 2013
Natalie Parletta | Catherine M. Milte | Barbara J. Meyer
Abstract: The important role of diet in cardiometabolic health is generally well recognised; for mental health, it is not so well understood. However, lifestyle risk factors for poor physical health are the same risk factors for mental illness, including poor diet. This is reflected by the high level of poor physical health in people with mental illness. Mediterranean, whole food diets have been associated with reduced risk for chronic disease, but very little research has investigated their mental health benefits. We provide a model for the pathways by which food components provided by a Mediterranean-style diet can facilitate healthy brain function. We then review evidence for the role of selected nutrients/food components — antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids and B vitamins — in the brain and, hence, modulation of cognitive function and mental health. Converging evidence indicates multiple pathways by which these nutrients can assist in brain function, drawing from studies investigating them in isolation. There is very little work done on synergistic actions of nutrients and whole diets, highlighting a need for human intervention studies investigating benefits of Mediterranean-style diets for mental, as well as cardiometabolic health.
14. Biochemical and metabolic mechanisms by which dietary whey protein may combat obesity and Type 2 diabetes
January 2013
Daniela Jakubowicz | Oren Froy
Abstract: Consumption of milk and dairy products has been associated with reduced risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. Milk contains two primary sources of protein, casein (80%) and whey (20%). Recently, the beneficial physiological effects of whey protein on the control of food intake and glucose metabolism have been reported. Studies have shown an insulinotropic and glucose-lowering properties of whey protein in healthy and Type 2 diabetes subjects. Whey protein seems to induce these effects via bioactive peptides and amino acids generated during its gastrointestinal digestion. These amino acids and peptides stimulate the release of several gut hormones, such as cholecystokinin, peptide YY and the incretins gastric inhibitory peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 that potentiate insulin secretion from β-cells and are associated with regulation of food intake. The bioactive peptides generated from whey protein may also serve as endogenous inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) in the proximal gut, preventing incretin degradation. Indeed, recently, DPP-4 inhibitors were identified in whey protein hydrolysates. This review will focus on the emerging properties of whey protein and its potential clinical application for obesity and Type 2 diabetes.
15. The role of fructose-enriched diets in mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
March 2012
Kyoko Nomura | Toshikazu Yamanouchi
Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently affects 20%–30% of adults and 10% of children in industrialized countries, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Although NAFLD is a benign form of liver dysfunction, it can proceed to a more serious condition, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is accompanied by obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, and evidence suggests that fructose, a major caloric sweetener in the diet, plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. Inflammatory progression to NASH is proposed to occur by a two-hit process. The first "hit" is hepatic fat accumulation owing to increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis, inhibition of fatty acid beta oxidation, impaired triglyceride clearance and decreased very-low-density lipoprotein export. The mechanisms of the second "hit" are still largely unknown, but recent studies suggest several possibilities, including inflammation caused by oxidative stress associated with lipid peroxidation, cytokine activation, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, and endogenous toxins of fructose metabolites.
16. Anti-cancer effects of naturally occurring compounds through modulation of signal transduction and miRNA expression in human colon cancer cells
November 2013
Minami Kumazaki | Shunsuke Noguchi | Yuki Yasui | Junya Iwasaki | Haruka Shinohara | Nami Yamada | Yukihiro Akao
Abstract: Much evidence indicates that various naturally occurring compounds have an anti-cancer effect, but the detailed mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we selected anti-cancer phytochemicals such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol (RES) and α-mangostin (α-M), all of which are well-characterized chemopreventive agents. We sought to elucidate the mechanism of their anti-cancer effects and the synergistic effects obtained by combined treatment with the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in three human colon cancer cell lines. The numbers of viable cells were consistently decreased by the treatment with EGCG, RES or α-M at more than 10 μM in all three cell lines tested. All compounds mainly induced apoptosis and suppressed the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, α-M, which had the greatest PI3K/Akt-suppressing activity, also suppressed MAP kinase (MAPK)/Erk1/2 signaling. Importantly, the combination treatment with RES and 5-FU induced a remarkably synergistic enhancement of growth inhibition and apoptosis through the additional suppression of the MAPK/Erk1/2 signaling pathway in colon cancer DLD-1 cells. Interestingly, RES increased the intracellular expression level of miR-34a, which down-regulated the target gene E2F3 and its downstream Sirt1, resulting in growth inhibition. These findings indicate that these compounds functioned as chemosensitizers when combined with anti-cancer drugs through the modulation of apoptotic and growth-related signaling pathways. Also, RES exerted its anti-cancer activity in part through a newly defined mechanism, i.e., the miR-34a/E2F3/Sirt1 cascade.
17. Nutrition and epigenetics: an interplay of dietary methyl donors, one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation
August 2012
Olivia S. Anderson | Karilyn E. Sant | Dana C. Dolinoy
Abstract: DNA methylation is the most extensively studied mechanism of epigenetic gene regulation. Increasing evidence indicates that DNA methylation is labile in response to nutritional and environmental influences. Alterations in DNA methylation profiles can lead to changes in gene expression, resulting in diverse phenotypes with the potential for increased disease risk. The primary methyl donor for DNA methylation is S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a species generated in the cyclical cellular process called one-carbon metabolism. One-carbon metabolism is catalyzed by several enzymes in the presence of dietary micronutrients, including folate, choline, betaine and other B vitamins. For this reason, nutrition status, particularly micronutrient intake, has been a focal point when investigating epigenetic mechanisms. Although animal evidence linking nutrition and DNA methylation is fairly extensive, epidemiological evidence is less comprehensive. This review serves to integrate studies of the animal in vivo with human epidemiological data pertaining to nutritional regulation of DNA methylation and to further identify areas in which current knowledge is limited.
18. Flavonoids—Chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources
February 1996
N.C. Cook | S. Samman
Abstract: Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds, diverse in chemical structure and characteristics, found ubiquitously in plants. Therefore, flavonoids are part of the human diet. Over 4,000 different flavonoids have been identified within the major flavonoid classes which include flavonols, flavones, flavanones, catechins, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, dihydroflavonols, and chalcones. Flavonoids are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals and are excreted either unchanged or as flavonoid metabolites in the urine and feces. Flavonoids are potent antioxidants, free radical scavengers, and metal chelators and inhibit lipid peroxidation. The structural requirements for the antioxidant and free radical scavenging functions of flavonoids include a hydroxyl group in carbon position three, a double bond between carbon positions two and three, a carbonyl group in carbon position four, and polyhydroxylation of the A and B aromatic rings. Epidemiological studies show an inverse correlation between dietary flavonoid intake and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) which is explained in part by the inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation and reduced platelet aggregability. Dietary intake of flavonoids range between 23 mg/day estimated in The Netherlands and 170 mg/day estimated in the USA. Major dietary sources of flavonoids determined from studies and analyses conducted in The Netherlands include tea, onions, apples, and red wine. More research is needed for further elucidation of the mechanisms of flavonoid absorption, metabolism, biochemical action, and association with CHD.
19. A review of the interaction among dietary antioxidants and reactive oxygen species
September 2007
Harold E. Seifried | Darrell E. Anderson | Evan I. Fisher | John A. Milner
Abstract: During normal cellular activities, various processes inside of cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some of the most common ROS are hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide ion (O2−), and hydroxide radical (OH−). These compounds, when present in a high enough concentration, can damage cellular proteins and lipids or form DNA adducts that may promote carcinogenic activity. The purpose of antioxidants in a physiological setting is to prevent ROS concentrations from reaching a high-enough level within a cell that damage may occur. Cellular antioxidants may be enzymatic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) or nonenzymatic (glutathione, thiols, some vitamins and metals, or phytochemicals such as isoflavones, polyphenols, and flavanoids).Reactive oxygen species are a potential double-edged sword in disease prevention and promotion. Whereas generation of ROS once was viewed as detrimental to the overall health of the organism, advances in research have shown that ROS play crucial roles in normal physiological processes including response to growth factors, the immune response, and apoptotic elimination of damaged cells. Notwithstanding these beneficial functions, aberrant production or regulation of ROS activity has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of some prevalent diseases and conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The topic of antioxidant usage and ROS is currently receiving much attention because of studies linking the use of some antioxidants with increased mortality in primarily higher-risk populations and the lack of strong efficacy data for protection against cancer and heart disease, at least in populations with adequate baseline dietary consumption.In normal physiological processes, antioxidants effect signal transduction and regulation of proliferation and the immune response. Reactive oxygen species have been linked to cancer and CVD, and antioxidants have been considered promising therapy for prevention and treatment of these diseases, especially given the tantalizing links observed between diets high in fruits and vegetables (and presumably antioxidants) and decreased risks for cancer.
20. In vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities of punicalagin, ellagic acid and a total pomegranate tannin extract are enhanced in combination with other polyphenols as found in pomegranate juice
June 2005
Navindra P. Seeram | Lynn S. Adams | Susanne M. Henning | Yantao Niu | Yanjun Zhang | Muraleedharan G. Nair | David Heber
Abstract: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are widely consumed as juice (PJ). The potent antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic activities of PJ are attributed to its polyphenols including punicalagin, the major fruit ellagitannin, and ellagic acid (EA). Punicalagin is the major antioxidant polyphenol ingredient in PJ. Punicalagin, EA, a standardized total pomegranate tannin (TPT) extract and PJ were evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities. Punicalagin, EA and TPT were evaluated for antiproliferative activity at 12.5–100 μg/ml on human oral (KB, CAL27), colon (HT-29, HCT116, SW480, SW620) and prostate (RWPE-1, 22Rv1) tumor cells. Punicalagin, EA and TPT were evaluated at 100 μg/ml concentrations for apoptotic effects and at 10 μg/ml concentrations for antioxidant properties. However, to evaluate the synergistic and/or additive contributions from other PJ phytochemicals, PJ was tested at concentrations normalized to deliver equivalent amounts of punicalagin (w/w). Apoptotic effects were evaluated against the HT-29 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines. Antioxidant effects were evaluated using inhibition of lipid peroxidation and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Pomegranate juice showed greatest antiproliferative activity against all cell lines by inhibiting proliferation from 30% to 100%. At 100 μg/ml, PJ, EA, punicalagin and TPT induced apoptosis in HT-29 colon cells. However, in the HCT116 colon cells, EA, punicalagin and TPT but not PJ induced apoptosis. The trend in antioxidant activity was PJ>TPT>punicalagin>EA. The superior bioactivity of PJ compared to its purified polyphenols illustrated the multifactorial effects and chemical synergy of the action of multiple compounds compared to single purified active ingredients.
21. Absorption of resveratrol by vascular endothelial cells through passive diffusion and an SGLT1-mediated pathway
November 2013
Ming-liang Chen | Long Yi | Xin Jin | Qi Xie | Ting Zhang | Xi Zhou | Hui Chang | Yu-jie Fu | Jun-dong Zhu | Qian-yong Zhang | Man-tian Mi
Abstract: Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that exerts potent effects to suppress atherosclerosis. However, its low concentration in plasma has placed this role in doubt. Thus, resveratrol effects might be dependent on its transport into vascular endothelium, a question not previously addressed in spite of its obvious and fundamental importance. Via high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we found that resveratrol was absorbed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a temperature-, concentration- and time-dependent manner, suggesting the involvement of passive diffusion and active transport. As determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, resveratrol primarily distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Furthermore, resveratrol absorption was modulated by serum proteins and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) yet inhibited by glucose (an SGLT1 substrate) and phlorizin (an SGLT1 selective inhibitor), as well as SGLT1 siRNA transfection. Additionally, Sprague–Dawley rats were intragastrically administrated with 100mg/kg of resveratrol and the concentration of resveratrol in blood vessels declined more slowly up to 24h compared to that in the blood. Our results suggested that resveratrol uptake by vascular endothelial cells involved both passive diffusion and an SGLT1-mediated process, at least partially. Moreover, the intracellular resveratrol pool may be more important than the serum level in vivo. These provide new insights into the cardiovascular benefits of resveratrol.
22. The Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway: a target for regulating energy metabolism
October 2012
Emilie E. Vomhof-DeKrey | Matthew J. Picklo Sr.
Abstract: The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that responds to oxidative stress by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter of genes coding for antioxidant enzymes like NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and proteins for glutathione synthesis. The Nrf2/ARE pathway has nutritional interest owing to its activation by phytochemicals such as sulforaphane. Recently, the Nrf2 pathway was identified as having regulatory functions in mitochondrial biogenesis, adipocyte differentiation and liver energy metabolism. Activation of Nrf2 increases energy metabolism and conversely suppresses lipid synthesis. Lard-based, but not soybean oil-based, high-fat diets reduce mRNA expression of Nrf2 and its downstream targets, suggesting a macronutrient influence on the activation of the Nrf2 pathway and susceptibility to oxidative stress. This review examines data revealing the Nrf2 pathway's regulatory role in energy metabolism at the molecular, cellular and whole animal levels. Understanding the relationship of Nrf2 and energy metabolism in cells, tissues and physiologic systems will provide novel insights for nutritional interventions for obesity and its comorbidities such as diabetes.
23. Chlorogenic acid, a dietary polyphenol, protects acetaminophen-induced liver injury and its mechanism
November 2013
Lili Ji | Ping Jiang | Bin Lu | Yuchen Sheng | Xin Wang | Zhengtao Wang
Abstract: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is one of the most abundant dietary polyphenols, possessing well-known antioxidant capacity. The present study is designed to observe the protection provided by CGA against acetaminophen (AP)-induced liver injury in mice in vivo and the underlying mechanisms engaged in this process. Serum transaminases analysis and liver histological evaluation demonstrated the protection of CGA against AP-induced liver injury. CGA treatment decreased the increased number of liver apoptotic cells induced by AP in a dose-dependent manner. CGA also inhibited AP-induced cleaved activation of caspase-3, 7. Moreover, CGA reversed AP-decreased liver reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione reductase activity. Further results showed that CGA increased mRNA and protein expression of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC), thioredoxin (Trx) 1/2 and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) 1. Furthermore, CGA abrogated AP-induced phospholyated activation of ERK1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 kinases and molecular signals upstream. The results of this study demonstrate that CGA counteracts AP-induced liver injury at various levels by preventing apoptosis and oxidative stress damage, and more specifically, both the GSH and Trx antioxidant systems and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade appear to be engaged in this protective mechanism.
24. Dietary polyphenols and mechanisms of osteoarthritis
November 2012
Chwan-Li Shen | Brenda J. Smith | Di-Fan Lo | Ming-Chien Chyu | Dale M. Dunn | Chung-Hwan Chen | In-Sook Kwun
Abstract: Osteoarthritis is a condition caused in part by injury, loss of cartilage structure and function, and an imbalance in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. It primarily affects the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of synovial joints and results in joint failure, leading to pain upon weight bearing including walking and standing. There is no cure for osteoarthritis, as it is very difficult to restore the cartilage once it is destroyed. The goals of treatment are to relieve pain, maintain or improve joint mobility, increase the strength of the joints and minimize the disabling effects of the disease. Recent studies have shown an association between dietary polyphenols and the prevention of osteoarthritis-related musculoskeletal inflammation. This review discusses the effects of commonly consumed polyphenols, including curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and green tea extract, resveratrol, nobiletin and citrus fruits, pomegranate, as well as genistein and soy protein, on osteoarthritis with an emphasis on molecular antiosteoarthritic mechanisms.
25. Effects of excess dietary iron and fat on glucose and lipid metabolism
September 2013
Joo Sun Choi | In-Uk Koh | Hyo Jung Lee | Won Ho Kim | Jihyun Song
Abstract: PurposeDiets rich in fat and energy are associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). Increased body iron stores have been recognized as a feature of MS. High-fat diets (HFs), excess iron loading and MS are closely associated, but the mechanism linking them has not been clearly defined. We investigated the interaction between dietary fat and dietary Fe in the context of glucose and lipid metabolism in the body.MethodsC57BL6/J mice were divided into four groups and fed the modified AIN-93G low-fat diet (LF) and HF with adequate or excess Fe for 7 weeks. The Fe contents were increased by adding carbonyl iron (2% of diet weight) (LF+Fe and HF+Fe).ResultsHigh iron levels increased blood glucose levels but decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The HF group showed increases in plasma levels of glucose and insulin and insulin resistance. HF+Fe mice showed greater changes. Representative indices of iron status, such hepatic and plasma Fe levels, were not altered further by the HF. However, both the HF and excess iron loading changed the hepatic expression of hepcidin and ferroportin. The LF+Fe, HF and HF+Fe groups showed greater hepatic fat accumulation compared with the LF group. These changes were paralleled by alterations in the levels of enzymes related to hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis, which could be due to increases in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.ConclusionsHigh-fat diets and iron overload are associated with insulin resistance, modified hepatic lipid and iron metabolism and increased mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.


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Jailbreak PS3 3.55 CFW
A Noobs Guide To Installing 3.55 CFW + Gaia Backup Manager – No Freezing !———————————————————————–
ThanksAll credit goes to the people on the scene, those who want to be named and those that dont, especially : kmeaw, flukes1, fail0verflow, geohot and Wutangrza.
———————————————————————–About This GuideUPGRADING YOUR PS3 ONTO CUSTOM FIRMWARE HAS A CHANCE TO BRICK YOUR MACHINE, THIS IS THE SAFEST WAY BUT THERE IS ALWAYS A CHANCE TO BRICK AND / OR BE BANNED FROM PSN. IF YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO LOSE YOUR PS3 DO NOT INSTALL THISDue to the speed and amount of things around at the moment i wanted to try and give people a base to start froma nd hopefully answer some questions along the way. This guide is based from my experiance of installing various differant flavours of Custom Firm Ware / Packages and Backup Managers.. I currently test all of this out on a EU 120GB PS3 SLIM with the internal drive upgraded to 640GB. For better compatibilityi would recommend people who want to use a backup manager upgrade there internal drive to minimise compatibility issues. A fresh format is reccomended as it may help compatability but is not required.
———————————————————————–STEP ONE – Installing CFW Onto your PS3============ FILES NEEDED :
============ Kmeaw CFW : PS3CFW.PUP
============ MD5: 2BE5E87A22BF1E7F48E98FCABD38977B1. This guide requires your PS3 to be on Sonys OFFICAL 3.55 firmware !! INSTALLING FROM ANY OTHER FIRMWARE IS NOT RECOMMENDED !
2. Create on the root of a USB Pen Drive (formatted in FAT 32) the following folder structure: \PS3\UPDATE\
3. Rename the Kmeaw CFW : PS3CFW.PUP to PS3UPDAT.PUP and drag it onto your USB drive into the folder UPDATE, so the structure is : \PS3\UPDATE\PS3UPDAT.PUP
4. On your PS3 navigate to Settings > System Update > Update via Storage Media and install the CFW.
5. After installing the CFW under the Game section you should now see "Install package files" and "app_home/PS3_GAME/" if you see these the CFW is installed correctly.
———————————————————————–STEP TWO – Installing Packages onto your PS3============ FILES NEEDED :
============ Blackbox FTP, Gaia 2.04 and File Permission Fix : Packages.zip
1. Unzip the contents of "Packages.zip and drag them onto your USB drive
2. On your PS3 under the Games Section, select "Install Package Files" and install each of the packages :
BlackBox 1.2 Signed 3.41
UP0001-GAIA01985_00-7679866932773369-GAMES3. Once all packages are installed you will see them within your Games section permantly, you now remove your USB drive.
4. Run Fix Permissions, it will launch, flash a black screen and then drop back top the XMB.
5. Run Gaia backup manager (Gaia might ask if you want to backup the BDVD before it loads up if you have a game in the PS3, just select no), the first time you run Gaia it might just launch a black screen, if it does this unplug your PS3, turn it on again, run Fix Permissions again and then launch Gaia again, This should now work.
———————————————————————–STEP THREE – Backing up Games and transferring files onto your PS3
If we want to play games VIA Gaia for maximum compatibility you need a legit PS3 game ALWAYS in the drive, it doesnt matter which as long its in the PS3. GAIA Should also have the following settings "OFF" : Mem Patch, FTP Server and Direct boot
BACKING UP BDVD GAMES IN GAIABackup games within Gaia requires you to have the game in your PS3, Select "Copy Selected" and select yes to copy the game from BDVD to HDD0. Games typically range from 5GB to 30GB in size and will take anything from 15mins to over an hour to backup. Once backed up they will display in Gaia and should launch perfectly so long as you have a game in the PS3′s blueray drive
TRANSFERRING GAMES VIA BLACKBOX FTP AND FILEZILLATransfering games VIA Blackbox FTP from your PC, again you should always have a PS3 game in the drive when launching these from maximum compatibility and the games must be clean rips, if they have modified eboots ect then more than likely they wont work, you want clean rips. When you launch blackbox FTP, it will display your PS3′s IP adddress, this is the address you will use in your FTP program.
Example : PS3 IP : 192.168.0.105
For this guide i will be transfering a game from FileZilla to Blackbox. With blackbox running on the screen, download, install and run Filezilla. Select > File > Site Manager. Select New Site and in HOST type in your PS3′s IP address, in PORT type 21 and select connect. Once connected your will see your PS3′s files on the right of your screen. Navigate to :
dev_hdd0 > GAMES
Drag your game you have into this folder, a PS3 game will typically look like this :
You copy the folder : BLUS30443 into the GAMES folder , each game will have a different name. Transfering files by FTP varies on your home network, on a typical wired connection an average sized game takes about 30 mins to transfer.
Once the game has transferred, you can exit the PS3 from blackbox FTP and under your games section run Fix Permissions, it will launch, flash a black screen and then drop back top the XMB. You can then launch Gaia and as long as you have a game in your PS3′s drive it should launch fine.
Updates and PSN access also works, but please remember you risk a ban.
STEP FOUR – Playing Games Within GaiaPlaying games in Gaia is easy and for best compatability requires a PS3 game in your console, launch gaia from the XMB, select the game you want to play, press (X), it will drop back out to the XMB but the game you had in your PS3 has now been replaced by the once you selected within Gaia !! if the game doesnt launch ensure it is a clean rip AND OR you ran Fix Permissions after transferring it.
———————————————————————–This is currently MY experience of what the best combination of software is currently, other people have differant ways but i have found this to currently play ALL of my games without ANY problem. I take no responsibility for creating anything in thie guide, its all from my experience of what i belive to be the most compatible and thought others mind find it helpfull !
Last edited by ScreamWorker; 01-21-2011 at 09:24 PM.
36 Responses to "Jailbreak PS3 3.55 CFW"
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Gov. Luis G. Fortuno (SFS '82) Speaks at SFS
On November 23rd, the Honorable Luis G. Fortuño, Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and School of Foreign Service alumnus, class of 1982, delivered a talk at Georgetown entitled "The Presence of Puerto Rico in United States Politics". The Governor spoke about his political goals and the state of Puerto Rico today, including the unique relationship between the territory and the United States. Fortuño emphasized the need for Puerto Rico to have a place in American healthcare reform and argued for a renewed effort on the part of the United States to connect with its neighbors in Latin America. Throughout 2009, Fortuño was criticized for his bold efforts to deal with the global financial crisis, which included cutting the salaries of state employees—including his own—and the elimination of many jobs, changes he argued were necessary to ensure Puerto Rico's financial stability.
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Fortuño emphasized the role that Puerto Ricans have played and continue to play in the economy, culture, and government of the United States, drawing particular attention to the example of Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor. Fortuño is president of the pro-statehood New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico (NPP) as well as a member of the United States Republican Party. He previously served as Secretary of the Puerto Rico Department of Economic Development and Commerce. After his graduation from SFS, Governor Fortuño went on to earn a JD from the University of Virginia School of Law.