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RPi Easy SD Card Setup
Getting Started:
Buying Guide - for advice on buying the Raspberry Pi.
SD Card Setup - for information on how to prepare the SD Card used to boot your Raspberry Pi.
Basic Setup - for help with buying / selecting other hardware and setting it up.
Beginners Guide - you are up and running, now what can you do?
Latest RPi 4 Topics - Recent topics on Raspberry Pi 4 and the Pi OS
Advanced Setup - for more extensive information on setting up.
Trouble Shooting - some things to check if things don't work as expected.
SD card setup
The Raspberry Pi will not start without a properly formatted SD Card, containing the bootloader and a suitable operating system. Many problems with booting the Raspberry Pi are a result of an improperly formatted or corrupted card. Make sure that you insert the card before powering on the Raspberry Pi, and that you shutdown the Raspberry Pi before unplugging the card. If you do have problems booting the Raspberry Pi, see the trouble shooting page first.
You will also need to choose a distribution. Available distributions are shown here; you will need the Raspberry Pi bootloader to launch your distribution, so you need one for the Raspberry Pi and cannot download a PC based distribution and use that. Note that you can have several SD Cards with a separate distribution on each, then power off, swap cards and restart the Raspberry Pi to use that card.
Some Raspberry Pi kits will come with a ready-to-go card with the distribution pre-installed, or these can be bought separately. There is more on this below.
If you don't have a pre-installed card you will need to prepare your own. Make sure you get a reasonable quality card rather than a cheap one. Check the SD Card list if you are not sure. Warning! When you write the Raspberry Pi image to your SD card you will lose all data that was on the card. Official images are available from http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads.
Note: It is highly recommended that you start with the latest official NOOBS installer: check the Raspberry Pi official website (http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads) for the current version. This makes the process of installing an operating system as easy as copying a few files in a zip archive to your SD card. This contains the reccomended Raspbian distribution, as well as various other distributions, all of which are available as individual images from the downloads page, if you prefer not to use NOOBS.
Safe / Easy way
Buying a preloaded SD card from a reputable supplier means that you can just plug it in and power up your Raspberry Pi; it should then just work. If you don't buy one of these, you will have to create your own using the instructions below
You may need to perform an upgrade of the card once you have got the Raspberry Pi working, as a distribution (usually) is continuously updated and the card may not contain those updates
Compare these for prices, delivery, distribution and card size/class:
- Official Raspberry Pi Swag Store
- The Pi Hut offers a wide range of SD cards preloaded with either:
- ModMyPi Sell high quality SanDisk SD cards pre-loaded with the latest NOOBs.
Public Service Announcement on SD Cards. There have been reports of problems with SD cards purchased from ebay and Amazon. Make sure the SD card you're purchasing is up to date with the latest version of your chosen operating System to avoid any issues.
Create your own
To create your own SD Card for the Raspberry Pi you will need access to another machine, or a friend with one. You will need to be careful, as you could corrupt the disk on that machine if you do things wrong (although it is not hard to do it right, and NOOBS makes it impossible to go wrong). If you are lucky, you might find a local Raspberry Pi or Linux group who will offer to load your card for you.
You will also need to choose and download a distribution (mentioned above), or use NOOBS, which has all the . Check the Distributions list to make sure that you are getting a distribution that will work with the Raspberry Pi. Note that the distribution must be written to the card using the methods below; the standard file copy method will not work
Using NOOBS
Recently, the Raspberry Pi Foundation have released a really easy way to set up your SD Card. It's called the New Out Of Box Software (or NOOBS for short) and provides a really easy way to install Raspberry Pi distributions. Be warned, however, that it is a 1 GB download - if you have a limit on what you are allowed to download, follow the instructions below, as the other images are around 500 MB.
- Download NOOBS from the raspberrypi.org downloads page
- Insert a (4 GB+) SD Card into your computer
- If you want to save space on the SD Card, you can delete some of the images inside the os folder in the NOOBS zip file that you don't want to use.
- Format the disk
- Windows
- Download and install the SD Association's Formatting tool from https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/eula_windows/
- Open the Application you have just installed
- Set "FORMAT SIZE ADJUSTMENT" to ON in the Options menu.
- Make sure you have selected the Drive your SD Card is inserted in
- Click "Format"
- Mac
- Download and install the SD Association's Formatting tools from https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/eula_mac/
- Select "Overwrite format"
- Make sure you have selected your SD Card, and not something else
- Click "Format"
- Linux
- Use gparted (or the command-line version parted if you prefer), if you don't have it, install it as you usually would.
- Format the entire disk as FAT32 (FAT16 will not work! Make sure you select the correct disk!)
- Extract the file you downloaded in Step 1
- Copy the files you just extracted to your SD Card (see below on flashing your SD card)
Not all monitors work with NOOBS straight away. If your monitor is one of those that doesn't work, press the Number buttons 1-4 until you see what you want.
- Default HDMI Mode
- HDMI Safe Mode - Use this if Default (1) doesn't work and you cannot see anything
- Composite PAL Mode - Use this or 4. if you are using the yellow and black outputs on the opposite side to the HDMI output
- Composite NTSC Mode
Using Android Phone
There is an android app which will both download and write SD card images direct on the phone using internal SD card reader, or an external USB OTG reader
This can write NOOBS images on a standard android phone without requiring root access:
Flashing the SD Card using Windows
Using the Win32DiskImager program
- Download the distribution from the raspberrypi.org downloads page or from a mirror or torrent. Make sure the distribution is for the Raspberry Pi, as others will not work. Usually these are zipped (compressed) files ending in .zip or .gz (something like "distribution-name.zip").
- Extract the image file from the downloaded .zip file, so you now have "distribution-name.img".
- Insert the SD card into your SD card reader and check what drive letter it was assigned. You can easily see the drive letter (for example G:) by looking in the left column of Windows Explorer. You can use the SD Card slot (if you have one) or a cheap Adapter in a USB slot.
- Download the Win32DiskImager utility (it is also a zip file). You can run this from a USB drive.
- Extract the executable from the zip file and run the Win32DiskImager utility; you may need to run the utility as Administrator! Right-click on the file, and select 'Run as Administrator'
- Select the image file you extracted above.
- Select the drive letter of the SD card in the device box. Be careful to select the correct drive; if you get the wrong one you can destroy your data on the computer's hard disk! If you are using an SD Card slot in your computer (if you have one) and can't see the drive in the Win32DiskImager window, try using a cheap Adapter in a USB slot.
- Click Write and wait for the write to complete.
- Exit the imager and eject the SD card.
- You are now ready to plug the card into your Raspberry Pi. See RPi_Hardware_Basic_Setup for the other things you need.
In Windows, the SD card will appear only to have a fairly small size once written - about 55 to 75 MB. This is because most of the card has a partition that is formatted for the Linux operating system that the Raspberry Pi uses which is not visible in Windows. If you don't see this small directory with files such as kernel.img then the copy may not have worked correctly.
Using flashnul (if Win32DiskImager isn't successful)
You may not be able to choose the device in Win32DiskImager on some notebooks so this is a different way to achieve the same thing on a Windows machine.
- Download the distribution from the | raspberrypi.org downloads page or from a mirror or torrent. Make sure the distribution is for the Raspberry Pi, as others will not work. Usually these are zipped (compressed) files ending in .zip or .gz (something like "distribution-name.zip").
- Extract the image file from the downloaded .zip file, so you now have "distribution-name.img".
- Insert the SD card into your SD card reader and check what drive letter it was assigned. You can easily see the drive letter (for example G:) by looking in the left column of Windows Explorer. You can use an SD Card slot in your computer (if you have one) or a cheap Adapter in a USB slot.
- Download the flashnul software from http://shounen.ru/soft/flashnul/index.html ; here is the English Translated version with a link to instructions (also translated)
- Download the latest version. At the time of writing it was flashnul-1rc1.
- Extract the application from the archive.
- Click Start button > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt, right click on it and Run as Administrator.
- Run flashnul with argument "-p":
C:\flashnul\flashnul.exe -p
- Flashnul will tell you something like this (it should be different, as it depends on the drives on your machine):
Available physical drives: 0 size = 250059350016 (232 Gb) 1 size = 1990197248 (1898 Mb) Available logical disks: C:\ D:\ E:\ F:\ Press ENTER to exit.
- Use the Load option of flashnul to put the image file on the SD Card. Make sure that you use the correct drive letter for the SD Card as that drive will be overwritten!
C:\flashnul\flashnul.exe E: -L C:\temp\distribution-name.img
Where C:\flashnul\flashnul.exe is the location of the flashnul program; E: is the drive you want to overwrite, and C:\temp\distribution-name.img is the location of the .img file.
- Flashnul will give you a device summary and a caution message. Check the information to make sure you have selected the correct device, then type yes and press enter.
- If you get an access denied error, make sure to close all explorer windows or folders open for the device, then try re-plugging the SD card.
Using the Fedora Remix Installer
Download the installer program from Fedora ARM Installer. This will download and install the Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix images, but it will also install other images if they are already downloaded and in uncompressed or .gz format. This also works with Linux.
Using Etcher
- Download the appropriate version (x86/x64) of Etcher.
- Download the operating system package from the raspberrypi.org downloads page or from a mirror or torrent. Make sure the distribution is for the Raspberry Pi, as others will not work.
- Insert an SD card into your computer.
- Run the Etcher exe you've downloaded. When started, select the operating system package you've got (Etcher can burn SD card directly from compressed files such as ".zip", ".gz", ".bz2", ".xz", or from the uncompressed ".img" files, and many other format). Etcher tries to auto-select your SD card drive. If you have multiple drives that can be written to, choose manually the one that corresponds to your SD card. Start flashing. The image written to your card will be verified afterwards.
Etcher is cross-platform, and works on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux as well, and it prevents you from overwriting the system disk of your computer.
Flashing the SD card using Mac OS X
To save yourself time and frustration, you may wish to use a procedure that has worked some time during the past 2 years. If so, skip ahead to the section for using the system tools from the command line.
Note: In OS X each disk may have two path references in /dev:
- /dev/disk# is a buffered device, which means any data being sent undergoes extra processing.
- /dev/rdisk# is a raw path, which is much faster, and perfectly OK when using the dd program.
On a Class 4 SD card the difference was around 20 times faster using the rdisk path.
Run an App (Only with graphical interface)
Pi Filler
Pi Filler is a simple tool for copying a Raspberry Pi operating system image file to an SD card, or restoring an SD card backup created by Pi Copier. Version 1.3 is about 5x faster than previous versions and can write a full card in 5-7 minutes. Pi Filler automatically identfies your SD card (and asks for confirmation to prevent any chance of the wrong disk being written to), and shows estimated time remaining during the copy. After it's done, if your Raspberry Pi is not connected to a display, you can use Pi Finder to locate it on your network and log in from Terminal. These utilities are written in AppleScript and Bash, are compatible with OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard through 10.12 Sierra, and include source code.
RPi-sd card builder
The RPi-sd card builder utility is an application which will walk you through the process of installing to SD card. Note: This is a closed source application which requires your root password.
ApplePi-Baker v2
The new ApplePi-Baker v2 is a free utility that allows you to create a NOOBS SD, write an IMG file to SD card, or backup an SD card to IMG, with only a few simple clicks. This is a closed source application. The so called sudo password, unlike all other applications, is no longer needed (developed per Apple's security guidelines with Privileged Helper). The application is written in Lazarus Pascal, 64 bits, signed and supports Retina. The latest version (2.0.0) has been tested and is compatible with the latest macOS version (at this time: Mojave 10.14.4). Some of the new features are; pretty much any compression format is supported, sizes are properly checked before writing to disk, optional enabling of SSH after restore, optional auto eject, and writing to multiple disks in one restore.
ApplePi-Baker now also supports Shrinking (during backup) and Expanding (during restore) of Linux partitions.
PiWriter is a simple wizard made using shell scripts, PlatyPus and CocoaDialog. To prevent users from making mistakes the wizard auto-detect's the SD card you plan to use and prevents you from selecting your system disk. Also there is no need for a root password so even less damage can be done. The nextgen PiWriter2 introduces a new 'drag and drop' approach and also includes a backup feature. PiWriter 1.0.4 does not work on Mac OS X Mavericks. Nor does it work on OS X Yosemite, 10.10.5.
Etcher is a cross-platform disk image flasher (Win/Mac/Linux), that prevents you from overwriting your system disk by accident, verifies the written SD card image, and can also flash directly from compressed formats such as ".zip", ".gz", ".bz2", ".xz". Download the operating system package from the raspberrypi.org downloads page or from a mirror or torrent. Insert an SD card into your computer. Starting Etcher, select the operating system package you've got. Etcher tries to auto-select your SD card drive. If you have multiple drives that can be written to, choose manually the one that corresponds to your SD card. Start flashing after entering the sudo password. The image written to your card will be verified afterwards.
Using system tools
Images are available from the Raspberry Pi organization here: http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads
Once you have downloaded the image you want, you should
- Verify the file using the published hash value (note 1)
- unzip the file to extract the image (.img) file (note 2)
- use the command-line tools iaw RasPi's procedure to copy the image to your SD card
note 1: from the command line: $ openssl sha1 path_to_file.img
, or drag&drop the .img file into command window instead of typing the full path and file name.
note 2: if you use the native file de-compressor in OS X, you may have issues because it sucks. Instead, consider getting an app that really works; e.g. Unarchiver.
For OS X users, the rest of the information on this page is largely outdated, and a waste of your time.
- Download the image from a mirror or torrent
- Extract the image by double clicking on the download file
- Connect the SD card reader with the SD card inside; note: must be formatted in FAT32!
- From the Apple () menu, choose About This Mac, then click on More info...; if you are using Mac OS X 10.8.x Mountain Lion then click on System report.
- Click on USB (or Card Reader if using an in-built SD card reader) then search for your SD card in the upper right section of the window; click it, then search for BSD name in the lower right section: must be something like diskn where n is a number (for example, disk4). Note this number
- Unmount the partition so that you will be allowed to overwrite the disk by opening Disk Utility and unmounting it (do not eject it, or you have to reconnect it). Note: On Mac OS X 10.8.x Mountain Lion, "Verify Disk" (before unmounting) will display the BSD name as "/dev/disk1s1" (or similar), allowing you to skip the previous two steps.
- From the Terminal run:
- sudo dd if=path_of_your_image.img of=/dev/diskn bs=1M
- Remember to replace n with the number that you noted before!
- Wait a LONG time! (or see the note above about using /dev/rdisk#...) To see the current status, send
signal by pressingCtrl+T
. - You're done! Insert it in the Raspberry Pi, and have fun
Using command line tools (1)
- If you are comfortable with the command line, you can image a card without any additional software. Run:
- diskutil list
- identify the disk (not partition) of your SD card. e.g. disk4 (not disk4s1)
- diskutil unmountDisk /dev/<disk# from diskutil>
- e.g. diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk4
- sudo dd bs=1m if=<your image file>.img of=/dev/<disk# from diskutil>
- e.g. sudo dd bs=1m if=2014-09-09-wheezy-raspbian.img of=/dev/disk4
- (This will take a few minutes)
- diskutil list
Using command line tools (2)
Here is a procedure published by the Raspberry Pi organization that actually works for current versions of OS X. It requires use of the command line tools, but if you follow it, you will be successful. If you try the "GUI Tools" listed above for OS X, you will likely encounter issues. Also, you may largely ignore the balance of this section as this page has self-deprecated due to lack of maintenance.
Note: Some users have reported issues with using Mac OS X to create SD cards.
- These commands and actions need to be performed from an account that has administrator privileges.
- Download the image from a mirror or torrent
- Verify if the the hash key is the same (optional), in the terminal run:
- shasum ~/Downloads/2014-09-09-wheezy-raspbian.zip
- Extract the image:
- unzip ~/Downloads/2014-09-09-wheezy-raspbian.zip
- (or: just double click the zip, it will extract automatically)
- From the terminal run df -h
- Connect the SD card reader with the SD card inside
- Run df -h again and look for the new device that wasn't listed last time. Record the device name of the filesystem's partition, for example, /dev/disk3s1
- Unmount the partition so that you will be allowed to overwrite the disk:
- sudo diskutil unmount /dev/disk3s1
- (or: open Disk Utility and unmount the partition of the SD card (do not eject it, or you have to reconnect it)
- Using the device name of the partition work out the raw device name for the entire disk, by omitting the final "s1" and replacing "disk" with "rdisk" (this is very important: you will lose all data on the hard drive on your computer if you get the wrong device name). Make sure the device name is the name of the whole SD card as described above, not just a partition of it (for example, rdisk3, not rdisk3s1. Similarly you might have another SD drive name/number like rdisk2 or rdisk4, etc. -- recheck by using the df -h command both before & after you insert your SD card reader into your Mac if you have any doubts!):
- For example, /dev/disk3s1 => /dev/rdisk3
- In the terminal write the image to the card with this command, using the raw disk device name from above (read carefully the above step, to be sure you use the correct rdisk# here!):
- sudo dd bs=1M if=~/Downloads/2014-09-09-wheezy-raspbian/2014-09-09-wheezy-raspbian.img of=/dev/rdisk3
- if the above command report an error (dd: bs: illegal numeric value), please change bs=1M to bs=1m
- (note that dd will not feedback any information until there is an error or it is finished, information will show and disk will re-mount when complete. However if you are curious as to the progresss - ctrl-T (SIGINFO, the status argument of your tty) will display some en-route statistics).
- After the dd command finishes, eject the card:
- sudo diskutil eject /dev/rdisk3
- (or: open Disk Utility and eject the SD card)
- Insert it in the Raspberry Pi, and have fun
- (Mac) The RasPiWrite utility is a Python script which will walk you through the process of installing to SD card, it works with any Raspberry Pi compatible disk image, and can download one of the currently available distros if you don't have one. [As of April 2015, several fatal but easy-to-fix, bugs prevent RasPiWrite from running at all and have been present for over a year, and thus RasPiWrite seems abandoned, at least for now. You can use it if you are willing to fix Python syntax errors. ]
Flashing the SD Card using Linux (including on a Raspberry Pi!)
Using ImageWriter (graphical interface)
If you are using Ubuntu and hesitate to use the terminal, you can use the ImageWriter tool (nice graphical user interface) to write the .img file to the SD card.
- Download the zip file containing the image from a mirror or torrent
- Right click the zip file and select "Extract here"
- ATTENTION: As of this writing (15 June 2012), there is a bug in the ImageWriter program that causes it to fail if the filename of the image file or its path (i.e. all the names of any parent folders that you extract the image file into) contain any space characters. Before going any further, ensure that neither the file name of the image you're using or the path contain any spaces (or other odd characters, for that matter). A bug has been opened for this issue: https://bugs.launchpad.net/usb-imagewriter/+bug/1013834 Once the issue is fixed, edit this page to advise people to use an updated/patched version of ImageWriter.
- Insert the SD card into your computer or connect the SD card reader with the SD card inside
- Install the ImageWriter tool from the Ubuntu Software Center
- Launch the ImageWriter tool (it needs your administrative password)
- Select the image file (example 2012-10-28-wheezy-raspbian.img) to be written to the SD card (note: because you started ImageWriter as administrator the starting point when selecting the image file is the administrator's home folder so you need to change to your own home folder to select the image file)
- Select the target device to write the image to (your device will be something like "/dev/mmcblk0" or "/dev/sdc")
- Click the "Write to device" button
- Wait for the process to finish and then insert the SD card in the Raspberry Pi
Using Etcher (graphical interface)
- Download the appropriate Linux version (x86/x64) of the Etcher AppImage. AppImage is a stand-alone packaged version of the Etcher tool, and make that file executable.
- Download the operating system package from the raspberrypi.org downloads page or from a mirror or torrent. Make sure the distribution is for the Raspberry Pi, as others will not work.
- Insert an SD card into your computer.
- Run the Etcher AppImage. When started, select the operating system package you've downloaded (Etcher can burn SD card directly from compressed files such as ".zip", ".gz", ".bz2", ".xz", or from the uncompressed ".img" files, and many other format). Etcher tries to auto-select your SD card drive. If you have multiple drives that can be written to, choose manually the one that corresponds to your SD card. Start flashing. The image written to your card will be verified afterwards.
Etcher is cross-platform, and works on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux as well, and it prevents you from overwriting the system disk of your computer.
Using the Linux command line
Please note that the use of the "dd" tool can overwrite any partition of your machine. If you specify the wrong device in the instructions below you could delete your primary Linux partition. Please be careful.
- Download the zip file containing the image from a mirror or torrent
- Verify if the the hash key of the zip file is the same as shown on the downloads page (optional). Assuming that you put the zip file in your home directory (~/), in the terminal run:
- sha1sum ~/2012-12-16-wheezy-raspbian.zip
- This will print out a long hex number which should match the "SHA-1" line for the SD image you have downloaded
- Extract the image, with
- unzip ~/2012-12-16-wheezy-raspbian.zip
- Run df -h to see what devices are currently mounted
- If your computer has a slot for SD cards, insert the card. If not, insert the card into an SD card reader, then connect the reader to your computer.
- Run df -h again. The device that wasn't there last time is your SD card. The left column gives the device name of your SD card. It will be listed as something like "/dev/mmcblk0p1" or "/dev/sdd1". The last part ("p1" or "1" respectively) is the partition number, but you want to write to the whole SD card, not just one partition, so you need to remove that part from the name (getting for example "/dev/mmcblk0" or "/dev/sdd") as the device for the whole SD card. Note that the SD card can show up more than once in the output of df: in fact it will if you have previously written a Raspberry Pi image to this SD card, because the Raspberry Pi SD images have more than one partition.
- Now that you've noted what the device name is, you need to unmount it so that files can't be read or written to the SD card while you are copying over the SD image. So run the command below, replacing "/dev/sdd1" with whatever your SD card's device name is (including the partition number)
- umount /dev/sdd1
- If your SD card shows up more than once in the output of df due to having multiple partitions on the SD card, you should unmount all of these partitions.
- In the terminal write the image to the card with this command, making sure you replace the input file if= argument with the path to your .img file, and the "/dev/sdd" in the output file of= argument with the right device name (this is very important: you will lose all data on the hard drive on your computer if you get the wrong device name). Make sure the device name is the name of the whole SD card as described above, not just a partition of it (for example, sdd, not sdds1 or sddp1, or mmcblk0 not mmcblk0p1)
- dd bs=4M status=progress if=~/2012-12-16-wheezy-raspbian.img of=/dev/sdd
- Please note that block size set to 4M will work most of the time, if not, please try 1M, although 1M will take considerably longer.
- Note that if you are not logged in as root you will need to prefix this with sudo
- If you choose to omit the 'status=progress' option the dd command will not give any information of its progress and so may appear to have frozen. It could take more than five minutes to finish writing to the card. If your card reader has an LED it may blink during the write process. To see the progress of the copy operation you can run pkill -USR1 -n -x dd in another terminal (prefixed with sudo if you are not logged in as root). The progress will be displayed (perhaps not immediately, due to buffering) in the original window, not the window with the pkill command.
- Alternatively, you can use the following command to run dd as a background process. It will return a pid as well as report the result of the copy upon completion:
- dd bs=4M if=./2015-05-05-raspbian-wheezy.img of=/dev/sdd & pid=$!
- You can verify the process is still running throughout the copy with: pidof dd
- dd bs=4M status=progress if=~/2012-12-16-wheezy-raspbian.img of=/dev/sdd
- Instead of dd you can use dcfldd; it will give a progress report about how much has been written.
- Another option to monitor progress is to use Pipe Viewer (pv). Pipe dd input part through pv to the output part of dd:
dd bs=4M if=2014-09-09-wheezy-raspbian.img | pv | dd of=/dev/mmcblk0
2,02GB 0:06:34 [10,4MB/s] [ <=> ]
- You can check what's written to the SD card by dd-ing from the card back to your harddisk to another image, and then running diff (or md5sum) on those two images. There should be no difference.
- As root run the command sync or if a normal user run sudo sync (this will ensure the write cache is flushed and that it is safe to unmount your SD card)
- Remove SD card from card reader, insert it in the Raspberry Pi, and have fun
Using any system and BerryBoot
If your Raspberry Pi is connected to the Internet, you can use the BerryBoot installer to let it download and install the operating system. This requires that you first use a normal Windows/Mac/Linux computer to download a small .zip file with the Berryboot system files and extract it to an empty SD card. Then you put the SD card in your Raspberry Pi, and follow the on-screen prompts to complete the installation. An additional advantage is that Berryboot allows you to install more than one operating system on a single SD card. Also, it is not necessary to install any additional software on your normal Windows/Mac/Linux computer.
Other points
To write your SD card you start by downloading the SD image (the data you will write to the card). The best way to do this is using BitTorrent. This generally results in a faster download as it is a highly distributed system (you will be downloading the data from users who have previously downloaded it).
Manually resizing the SD card partitions (Optional)
The SD card image is sized for a 2 GB card. So, if you are using an SD card with a greater capacity, you may find that only 2 GB is available. If this is the case, then to gain more free space, the partitions must be resized. The Fedora Remix and the BerryBoot will automatically resize the partitions on the mounted card during the first boot. The Debian , OpenSuSe and Rasbian images won't, so you'll have to do it manually. The easiest way is to use the tool RPi raspi-config selecting menu item EXPAND-ROOTFS - Expand Root Partition to Fill SD Card. If you want to resize the SD card whilst the SD card is not mounted in the Raspberry Pi, look here for instructions.
Adding a data partition (Optional)
If you would rather not resize the partition on another machine as described above, either because you do not have another working Linux machine or you wish to keep your data on another partition to your operating system, you can instead create a new data partition and have that mount automatically at boot.
- First you need to become root and install parted (I did all of this from the boot command prompt, although if you feel safer in a GUI, you can do all of this in a terminal window):
sudo su - apt-get install parted
- Then you need to run parted on your SD card, mine is /dev/mmcblk0, ymmv:
parted /dev/mmcblk0
- Once running, set the display units to something usable and then print your partition table:
unit chs print
- You should see something like this:
Model: SD SD08G (sd/mmc) Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 121279,3,31 Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B BIOS cylinder,head,sector geometry: 121280,4,32. Each cylinder is 65.5kB. Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Type File system Flags 1 16,0,0 1215,3,31 primary fat32 lba 2 1232,0,0 26671,3,31 primary ext4 3 26688,0,0 29743,3,31 primary linux-swap(v1)
- Now you need to create your data partition - you need to choose one more than the end of partition 3 with ,0,0 as your start and use the number from the line that starts with Disk as your end:
mkpart primary 29744,0,0 121279,3,31 print
- That should show your new partition:
Number Start End Type File system Flags 1 16,0,0 1215,3,31 primary fat32 lba 2 1232,0,0 26671,3,31 primary ext4 3 26688,0,0 29743,3,31 primary linux-swap(v1) 4 29744,0,0 121279,3,31 primary
- Now quit and format the partition (again, ymmv with the specific device name, try ls /dev for some clues), and then label it:
quit mkfs.ext4 /dev/mmcblk0p4 e2label /dev/mmcblk0p4 data
- Now we need to make sure that the partition is mounted automatically when the system boots (maybe don't use vi if you never have before, try nano):
vi /etc/fstab
- Enter a line exactly like this at the end of the file and save and quit your text editor:
/dev/mmcblk0p4 /data ext4 defaults 1 2
- Create the mount point:
mkdir /data
- Now mount the partition:
mount /data cd /data ls
Your new partition has been created!
SD(DC|DX] Card Class 6 & 10 Hints
[card usage Hints with OverClocking ]


text:
- From: <firstname.lastname@example.com>
- Date: Mon, 19 Apr 2010 09:33:57 +0000
- To: firstname.lastname@example.com
http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=6796 Maciej Stachowiak <email@example.com> changed: What |Removed |Added ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Status|RESOLVED |VERIFIED Keywords| |NoReply --- Comment #1 from Maciej Stachowiak <firstname.lastname@example.com> 2010-03-14 13:18:46 --- This bug predates the HTML Working Group Decision Policy. If you are satisfied with the resolution of this bug, please change the state of this bug to CLOSED. If you have additional information and would like the editor to reconsider, please reopen this bug. If you would like to escalate the issue to the full HTML Working Group, please add the TrackerRequest keyword to this bug, and suggest title and text for the tracker issue; or you may create a tracker issue yourself, if you are able to do so. For more details, see this document: http://dev.w3.org/html5/decision-policy/decision-policy.html This bug is now being moved to VERIFIED. Please respond within two weeks. If this bug is not closed, reopened or escalated within two weeks, it may be marked as NoReply and will no longer be considered a pending comment. -- Configure bugmail: http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/userprefs.cgi?tab=email ------- You are receiving this mail because: ------- You are on the CC list for the bug.
Received on Monday, 19 April 2010 09:34:15 UTC

subset: commoncrawl


text: Well, according to my Facebook feed, Osama bin Laden is dead. While most of my friends and family are sending one another virtual high-fives, my current status update is just this: May all beings be happy and free from suffering. I'm posting here just because I felt the need to say *something* more, and I don't feel right doing it on Facebook. Should we really celebrate violent death? Anyone's? Maybe compassion for those suffering in the world is sometimes best accomplished in silence, when speaking out for compassion may be taken by others as a violent act in itself.


text:
Coastal navigation
The first requests for sea level information arose from the needs of inshore navigation and access to ports with substantial tidal ranges. There was a need for real-time or only slightly time-delayed measurements.
To meet this need, the information was obtained by direct vision:
- Either from the tide staff available at the entrance to ports or along channels in the maritime portion of rivers;
- Or, in the major seaports, daytime signals using cones and cylinders, and night-time signals using green, red and white lights.
More modern systems were developed in some estuaries where water depths measured at different tide stations were transmitted by radio to ships, in particular VHF voice radio (Port of Nantes - Saint-Nazaire, Port of Bordeaux , Port of Rouen).
The uncertainty in the water level has repercussions on the navigation margins, which are the safety margins between the seabed and the vessel. In addition, due to the costs of operating large ships (waiting on roadstead is very expensive) and the need to maximise returns on port facilities, the Marine Services and pilots are increasingly demanding when it comes to the quality of tide measurements. Currently the precision required is on the order of five centimetres (± 5 cm).
To find out more
- La Marée - La marée océanique et côtière - Bernard Simon. Editeur Institut océanographique, 2007, 434pp.
Last updated: 12/12/2012


text:
FEM - Fallen Empires
It is a time after the great devastation that ended the Brothers' War. In a southern continent, called Sapardia, the weather is getting colder. Food sources are dwindling. War between different colored factions is flaring up due to lack of resources. Times are troubling, and no longer can anyone rely on their ancient allies. Survival has become the foremost goal, and people have begun to turn on each other in an effort to live on. The order created by governmental structures in the cities and towns is being threatened by growing bands of religious zealots. Dwarves are defending their mountain homes from whole armies of orcs and goblins. In the forest, the forces of nature feed off of death, growing fungus everywhere. Under the seas, merfolk have come under attack from a previously unheard of race-upright crustacean warriors called Homarids. And in the swamps, an order of dark magic users finds that their experiments into breeding slaves has backfired, and they are being overrun by the little beasts they have created. It is a time of great troubles, and the great cultures of the past are rapidly collapsing in on themselves.
There are currently no products to display within this category!


text:
Once again, a call goes out to make games more culturally meaningful. I agree very much with the sentiment, but I've always been frustrated with how designers set themselves up for failure due to the constraints placed on the problem.
In mathematics, computer science, and physics there is a the concept of a 'hard' problem. What does the inside of a black hole look like? How do you identify an NP complete problem? How can we travel faster than the speed of light? All of these are wonderfully interesting, but they are considered 'hard' because there may not actually be an answer that is discoverable before the heat death of the known universe.
We've turned the creation of culturally meaningful games into a similarly 'hard' problem. It doesn't need to be.
Three false constraints
When we talk about making games culturally meaningful we often limit the discussion in three important ways. The following constraints are completely arbitrary, yet we stick with them like they are some holy mandates from a greater god.
- Single player: By 'games', game developers typically mean 'single player games'. Multiplayer is either not considered or is treated as a secondary feature.
- Authorial intent is expressed through content: We seek to create meaning through the use of content created by developers for consumption by players. Only if we author the right content in the form of graphics, movies, music, writing, active and level design will the game have impact. Content created by the players is discounted.
- Powerful platforms: Inevitably developers talking about 'video games' limit themselves to consoles or perhaps high end PCs. There is an assumption that if only we can get better graphics, better AI, bolder levels and more intense explosions, then at some point we will cross over a line in the sand and all must bow before the amazing new reality we have wrought. Big budgets and big tech are clearly essential. The idea that these bits of crafted fluff are secondary to the value provided by the systems of game play is rarely mentioned.
When you relax these three constraints, creating meaningful games becomes immensely easier. We go from a problem domain where there are almost zero compelling solutions to one where there are thousands of solutions. For the rest of the essay I'll cover three big impossibilities facing games' acceptance as a culturally important activity. Each problem appears 'hard' when approached through the lens of our false constraints.
- "People in a room talking"
- "Saying something meaningful about the human condition"
- "Reaching a broad audience"
One of the 'hard' problems listed by Chris Hecker was the issue of people sitting around a table chatting. This is the mainstay of books and movies, yet it has eluded game developers. According to the false constraints, in order to solve this problem robustly we need the following:
- Turing AI: A flexible conversational AI capable of passing a Turing test. It would be ideal if we also conquered the uncanny valley and hooked up our AI to virtual actors that were indistinguishable from real humans.
- AI that can enforce artistic direction: We also need the ability for the developer to seed and control the AI so that the random interactions of thousands of unique players from unique backgrounds results the conveyance of the developer's crafted message. The AI must therefore not only seem human, but it must understand the intent of the auteur and act as a super human manipulator of the environment and the player's experience.
Even worse, the constraints conflict. There is an inherent tradeoff between increasing the flexibility of our AI and controlling the players experience. "React to the player! But do exactly what I, as the designer, tell you!" is more of a Zen kōan than a solvable problem.
...until you break the constraints
Yet as soon as you break the constraints, conversation becomes a trivial problem. A simple multiplayer online chat room gives the effect of people sitting around a room talking. So does any traditional board game or role-playing game. Or SMS. Or voice chat. Conversation flows naturally.
To the participants in the conversation, this chatter that results is more entertaining than the best writing or acting performed by the top talent in any medium. The tech is simple. The content comes from the players. And the interaction is multiplayer.
The impossibility of "Saying something meaningful about the human condition"
Another challenge posed is the goal of saying something meaningful about the human condition.
- Spatial/temporal/math puzzles that evoke humanity: The vast majority of single player games have their roots in either timing, mathematics or spatial manipulation puzzles. These systems, though entertaining and relaxing, have great difficulty modeling emotions. Often a single player model that attempts to boil down the essence of humanity comes across as dry and soulless. Asking a single player game to evoke rich emotions is much like asking a polynomial to express love. In very limited situations, in the hands of extraordinarily talented people, (see Gravitation or Passage) a single player game can evoke a glimmer from a core group of players who desperately want to believe. But single player game mechanics may never become a populist technique for saying meaningful things about the human condition. No matter how prettily we cloak the issue with artful snippets of non-interactive media, the inherent Truth at the heart of the our favorite single player game systems does not deal with humanity.
- More direct control over the player experience: As an author expressing our vision, it would be ideal if our systems were scripted content that all players will experience within narrow behavioral bounds. If only we could deliver tight directed payloads of content like they do in other media. When an actor cries in movie, the audience instantly empathizes and reflects that emotion back. Game designers need to develop the same reliable techniques of authorial control. Wouldn't it be great if a designer could type up an equation and boom!...players break out in tears or laughter. If only our math and code would whip up a tight roller coaster of an experience that worked for all players, all the time. Yet our control levers are at least one degree removed from those found in other media. We can't simply show a visual trigger that smacks a hardwired emotion button on our monkey brain. Instead we craft mere rules. The player controls their interaction with those rules and how their ultimate experience plays out. In good games, the player is making choices that matter and exploring the systems at their own pace in their own ways. In books and movies, the audience jumps when we, as authors, want them to jump. In games, the player jumps whenever the hell they want to.
...until you break the constraints
Why both with spending all this time attempting to imbue cold, heartless single player systems with the essence of humanity when humans are readily available in the form of other players? When you put real people together in a game and create social mechanics to facilitate their interaction, you see an explosion of meaningful emotional reactions. People form friendship, make enemies, fall in love, offer compliments, insult one another, tell hilarious jokes, comfort one another, bond in groups and basically exhibit the entire rich range of social emotion and behavior.
As a designer, you give up on controlling the exact experience. Instead of crafting each moment, you look at the broader possibility space that your social rules create and foster. The play space can be shaped by the designer by manipulating systems, not content. However this is not situation of singular authorship. Rules, like the laws created by governments, interact with culture and citizens of our games in unexpected and surprising ways. We are improv musicians playing off other equally creative members of the band. Multiplayer design is an ongoing process of give and take with the community. In fact, there is a well established name for absolute authorial control in a social environment. It is called a dictatorship and only tends to work when the audience is coerced into playing along. In the voluntary communities of multiplayer games, authorship is a fundamentally multiplayer activity.
Again, you don't need a powerful platform or advanced tech to bring forth a flowering of meaning. And the vast majority of the content created certainly hasn't be edited by some god-like author. Yet the emotions are real and they are brought about through a system engineered by a designer. By massaging the specific economic and social tools that feed and facilitate the human conversation, you gain a set of design techniques capable of yielding vast universes worth of meaningful games.
The impossibility of "Reaching a broad audience"
Another point about the cultural significance of game is that despite our revenue numbers, we actually reach a relatively small number of players compared to other media. A 'dominant' gaming platform like an Xbox or PS3 has sold a meager 20-30+ million consoles. Only a handful of titles sell through more than 1 million copies and these sales are generally in a limited demographic of 14-39 year old boys. Compare this minor audience with other types of media that regularly serve 5 or 6 times as many people across a broad demographic. Yes, our revenue is impressive, but the facts are a AAA core console game will touch a tiny percent of the billions of people reached by other forms of media.
Year after year, the core gaming industry attempts to broaden the market. Nintendo succeeds a little, but the rest fail. But not for lack of trying! Now matter how detailed we make our graphics. No matter how deep with make our narratives. No matter how powerful we make our GPUs. It all fails. Moms, grandfathers, people in China still insist on ignoring the latest greatest Bioware RPG or Unreal shooter. We have our best minds on perfecting the potency of our best genres and still the core market exhibits anemic growth. Reaching a broad audience is apparently hard.
...until you break the constraints
Yet when you broaden your perspective ever so slightly to include alternative platforms not specifically targeted at games, reach is the least of our worries.
- There are multiple Facebook games that serve over 25 million unique users a month and the current top game Farmville is played by 64 million unique users a month. The Facebook platform where these games live is at 300 million worldwide and is still growing like a weed. 77 million users are in the US along and the current growth rate is 70% compounded every 6 months.
- Games are one of the most popular classes of app on the most popular smartphone. Smart phones form a platform that will reach over a half a billion people in the coming years.
- An individual developer can release a Flash game today and reach 10's of millions of unique players. It really isn't a big deal any more to have a game played by a million people.
I look to the near future and see the reach of games growing dramatically. In the next 10 year, expect to see a single game with over 250 million unique users. That is a quarter of a billion people playing in the same space. Admittedly, we may not recognize the service as a game. The topic will likely be something mundanely meaningful, not elves and dragons. The platforms will also be mundane. Some players will use PCs. Most will use phones. As a bone tossed to a wounded beast, there may even be a thin client for the remaining console players.
The source of the constraints
All this begs the question: Why do so many of the best developers insist on hanging onto these miserable and damaging constraints? There are cultural and economic factors at work.
Cultural Momentum
I am reminded of a mildly diabolical childhood development experiment performed on kittens. In 1970, psychologists Blakemore and Cooper placed several kittens in dark enclosures that only let through vertical lines of light. Several weeks later, they removed the kittens and tested if they could see any sort of horizontal features. The kittens could not. Upon dissection, it was determined that the portion of the visual cortex involved in seeing horizontal lines was irrevocably stunted. Due to the limited stimuli available during its youth, the kitten was physically incapable of ever seeing the horizon. Shortly afterwards, the kittens were killed in an act of kindness.
Most current game developers experienced a similar form of limited stimuli during their youth. An entire generation of introverted boys was raised on 20+ hours a week of Skinnerian gameplay that emphasized content, technology, and single player puzzles. The crème de la crème became game developers. Is it any surprise that they prefer these constraints? Is it any surprise that they are stubbornly incapable of seeing alternative forms of play? Many single player game developers are like children raised in the dark and unlike a helpless kitten, they will defend and justify the validity of their disability until the day that they die.
Economic Momentum
On top of this is the fact that game developers are paid by companies heavily invested in building products based off false constraints. Their bi-weekly paycheck depends on them being passionately invested in making the games that their bosses want them to make. The innovator's dilemma whispers its seductive logic. Why change what you are doing when what you are doing keeps you warm and well fed? Especially when the upstarts are so tiny compared to your efficient mainline business. Economic momentum can turn quickly, however. Just ask the 1500 core developers laid off by EA when they realized that perhaps social gaming wasn't a tiny market after all.
The False Constraints are here to stay
I have little hope in seeing these false constraints cast off completely. Most auteurs abhor change. They stubbornly stick to their dead end craft, serving a smaller and more rarified audience while the world shifts around them. Single player games stuffed with throw away content that only runs on high end machines...these odes to introversion will never die, but they will dwindle.
It takes a new generation of impudent and crass experimenters to create real artistic change. The kids growing up on Facebook games today will barely know today's poison memes of 'beating the game', or 'the Holodeck'. Instead they'll assume that of course you play games with friends. Of course you play primarily on your phone, netbook and other devices that don't make the distinction between playing games and living your life. And of course you, the player, make the most meaningful content in the game. What games will designers raised without the chains of the past end up designing?
You can waste your life flailing at impossibly hard problems or you can make a real difference in game design right now. We are at a point where there exist vast and amazing opportunities to create meaningful games. Here are some concepts to consider if you head in this direction:
- Human emotions are simple to evoke with games. Make multiplayer games.
- Authorial intent is expressed through systems of rules. Create rules that empower players to co-create meaningful content.
- Reaching larger numbers of players is easy. Integrate games into the player's everyday life.
Notes 12/6/2009
This essay prompted some great comments, but I noticed two issues that I hope to help with this addendum.
- Fear: Gamers, who love single player games, fear the loss of their hobby. This tends to elicit a passionate defense of single player gaming.
- Lack of foundation: Some readers get caught up on some of the more basic issues and therefore have difficulty grappling with the meat of the argument. This is not your fault, but mine since this essay presents a point of view without spending the time to lay down the foundation underlying the argument. The following are some notes that should help you understand the assumptions I'm drawing upon.
Yes, the industry will continue to make single player games. They aren't going away and we will continue to spend billions of dollars every year in an attempt to make them more evocative, narratively rich and perhaps even meaningful. All these commercial efforts, combined with the current burst of single player focused indie game devs are bound to create more expressive and meaningful games.
- If you like our current progress towards short intense consumable experiences
- If you like games that focus on crafted content over games that focus on creative systems
- If you like the trend towards turning games into warped shadow of cinema
However, I believe the number of new culturally meaningful games will trickle in at a depressingly slow pace. The basic reality of our medium is that the opportunities for creating culturally meaningful games based off the three constraints listed are limited in comparison to those present if you break the constraints.
Instead of worrying about what you are losing, instead focus on what we are gaining. Imagine games that connect people together. Imagine games that improve relationships. Imagine games that solve social problems. Imagine games that create understanding. Are these outcomes really all that frightening?
Re: Emotion in multiplayer games
Many players have had poor experiences with multiplayer games due to griefing. See my recent essay on testosterone in games for some explanation of why games played with strangers are often rife with unpleasantness. On the other hand, they've had delightful experiences with single player games. On the face of personal evidence, many deem it silly to state that multiplayer games offer richer, more culturally meaningful play.
Yet a broader perspective is helpful. Personal experience, or even the experience of the community playing your favorite game is a non-representative sample of the larger trends in the industry.
- On average multiplayer modes rate more highly in terms of fun.
- On average multiplayer modes retain users longer and are more likely to cause players to say that they would be willing to play again.
- During user studies, observers witness a wider range of human emotions in multiplayer games. Instead of only variations on mastery, anticipation, delight and frustration, you see trust/distrust, appreciation/hatred, sympathy/alienation and more. There are entire portions of the human emotional spectrum that are rarely triggered by single player games that become available in multiplayer designs.
- Of the emotions observed, they tend to be more extreme. People emote more strongly and in some situations, you'll see tears, exuberant celebration and real romantic love.
- The number of extroverts, people energized by social interaction, is around 60-70% in the general US population. Extroverts make up only around 25% in technical fields such as game development.
- Numerous user tests and user test reports across a wide variety of games.
- Retention statistics for a variety of games.
- There is one public study I know of that has also looked into this issue and come to similar conclusions: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071019174410.htm
I can easily believe that a decreasing majority of existing play is indeed a solitary activity. However I see this more as a historical and cultural legacy, not a true measurement of the opportunity that lies ahead. Introverts tended to make games that other introverts enjoyed and these initial starting conditions have helped define the gamer identity. However the current game culture is fighting a losing battle against two big trends:
- There is a competitive advantage in social play: Multiplayer games rate better on the core value proposition of 'fun'. If there are two products on the shelf and one offer a fun level of 3 and the other a fun level of 4, which one will you pick? In a competitive market, the one with the stronger value proposition tends to dominate.
- The broader audience desires social play: New emerging markets are heavily extroverted. They desire social play. For many, games lack any significance to their lives unless they are social.
Re: But it is just a chat room
Game designers create systems that mediate social interaction within their games. The design controls many of the communication channels, availability of certain player skills and resources, as well as access to information. The game design in a multiplayer game is the difference between a ball sitting on a field and two teams playing soccer.
Chat, or more specifically communication of intent, actions and bluffing is an essential aspect of any game involving multiple people. However, the designer still has a huge responsibility to actively shape and influence the experience. To paraphrase Lawrence Lessig, "Game Design is Law" and it has many equivalent moral and social obligations. Millions of people play multiplayer games and our designs strongly influence their behavior. To state that this form of design is 'merely chat' or 'taking the easy route out' means that you are failing to engage meaningfully with the critical concepts behind multiplayer and social game design.
Re: But Facebook games are shallow!
Yes. They are. But then again so was Pong when it first came out. As a commercial industry we have spent decades and billions of dollars on turning Pong into the AAA experiences of today. If you put yourself in the shoes of many an adult at the time that Pong came out, it too was seen as a toy.
Social games on Facebook have been out 2.5 years. That's all. Give them time. And a few billion dollars. And the passion of thousands of creative people. The end result should be quite delightful.
- http://www.esquire.com/features/best-and-brightest-2008/rohrer-game
- http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/conferences/gdc_2009/5902-GDC-2009-Single-vs-Multiplayer-Game-Design
- http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/columns/gamedesignsketchbook/5123-Game-Design-Sketchbook-Testing-the-Limits-of-Single-Player
- http://www.raphkoster.com/2006/02/10/are-single-player-games-doomed/


text:
David Kerkhoff
Hanoded is a type foundry based in The Netherlands and run by David Kerkhoff. After finishing his journalism studies, David traveled extensively and ended up in Israel where he stayed for some years. David had a lot of jobs – zookeeper, goldsmith, artist and cook (to name a few), but settled on working as a tour guide and photographer. David specializes in hand printed typefaces and uses brushes, pens, ink and paint to create his – sometimes scary looking – fonts. He lives in the fruit growing area of Holland with his wife, three kids, several Burmese Buddha statues and a mosque-shaped alarm clock from Oman.


text:
What we have within the triumphing market in modern economic system is the effort that has been made by using some well-diagnosed corporations, among them, the Fortune 500 groups based totally in the United States, who've come to take note of the contribution in their human aid department in the direction of the achievement in their companies, SHRM. This has brought about the creation of human useful resource practices with the aid of HR branch, that inspire its contributors to continuously being proactive in looking at the business organization, as it engages its personnel to decide how they can be supported in strengthening the company's strategic regulations.
A commercial enterprise employer's human aid practices coupled with its guidelines are very important within the introduction and renovation of a work tradition that is meant to praise, support after which create the expectation for the personnel to be constant in the performance in their paintings and provision of offerings. The remaining aim is the success of an surest client satisfaction, which at the cease results in a exceptional economic outcome that create a first rate fulfillment for the organization involved, SHRM.
Human resource specialists had been traditionally aligned with administration and finance, tasked with office work and a long way eliminated from wherein decisions are made in C-suite stage leaders. It has been acknowledged in modern day corporations the cost of personnel as a key resource, therefore are embracing HR as a key strategic accomplice with organizational leaders. The new position being given to HR is behind the pressure to have organizations make investments greater in superior technology as a way to enable them to manage the personnel, so that you can allow HR to spend greater time in making treasured contributions.
It has been observed primarily based on an audit of Fortune 500 businesses that having an HR executive officer among the organization's govt leaderships result in high overall performance. In the audit, it became made clean the impact of having Chief HR Officer inside the C-suite, that's that the corporations with CHRO are averaging 105 percent greater earnings than their enterprise friends that do not have one.
Having a chief human aid officer at the C-suite conference table way that the individual with the title is capable of deliver to the desk problems affecting the HR department that could not have been feasible have been the character not there. So the CHRO presence is capable of make the argument of the effect of having human useful resource at the employer's bottom line, the fee it brings to the employer's strategic choice making system, and additionally the need for the organization to create HR this is excessive performance and is involve in the learning and improvement of its personnel, and additionally the need for an effective technological answers.
According to a number of the Fortune 500 agencies audited, the CHRO in those companies embraced using customer analysis, proactive skills management as human useful resource practices. Some of the human resource practices regulations enacted that at once result in high performance in those companies include the publicity of HR dangers, just like the need to hold key skills inside the employer's annual reviews and instituting the non-stop evaluate of dreams and performance throughout the 12 months, mainly:
When the organisation contain perceive dangers of their annual reports, the agency plays higher whilst evaluate with friends that do not become aware of danger of their key monetary and market metrics like go back on assets (fifty five%), working income (by means of ninety five%) and incomes in line with share (by way of 54%).
The corporations that review its employees performance all through the 12 months are probable to constantly meet its quarterly financial expectation, and display a higher common compound annual increase fee (CAGR) while they are compared to their friends that most effective assessment overall performance on an annual basis.
Organizations which have a better a part of its dreams aligned and finished does higher than its industry peers in key financial metrics, inclusive of quarterly monetary estimates, running profit, earning consistent with share, and price-profits ratio.
Having a CHRO has verified to have a hyperlink to a corporation's bottom line, demonstrating the essential correlation among effective talent control and enterprise performance. There are many organizations which are very a hit in modern market due to the fact they were able to institutionalized human useful resource practices platform that recommend a complicated, related HCM answers that manipulate an entire worker existence cycle; beginning from recruitment to retirement- taking the position from being transactional to strategic, also predictive.


text:
In part one of his weekend musings, Michael DiSanto looks back at Saturday's TUF 16 finale card...
Is there any question that Roy Nelson appears to be the most out of shape athlete on the UFC's roster? Even though he has dramatically reduced his midsection from a Buddha to a serious beer belly, he still appears more couch potato than professional fighter. Yet, Nelson proved once again that he is among the heavyweight division's top contenders by savagely knocking out rising star Matt Mitrione.
Both Nelson and Mitrione looked great during the opening moments of the fight. Nelson stalked as his foe remained light on his feet. Both threw crisp punches as they moved and looked to change angles. Then, Nelson uncorked a perfect counter right uppercut that landed right on the button.
Game over.
It's amazing that a guy who only started formal striking training in 2009 has that sort of show-stopping power. I know. I know. Punching power is a birthright, not a product of training. There is no denying, however, that proper technique maximizes one's natural explosive power. Nelson doesn't display the best technique in the world, which suggests that he could possibly crank up the volume on his already elite hammers.
I'm not sure that he is ready to compete with champion Junior dos Santos in a rematch, number one contender Cain Velasquez or apex predator Alistair Overeem. Then again, with Nelson's power, it would be silly to think that he is incapable of stopping any of those men with a single shot. He might not be at the level where he can beat those guys more often than not, but on any given night, Nelson absolutely has the chops and pop to beat any heavyweight in the world.
The Nevada State Athletic Commission Rules of Unarmed Combat provide, in relevant part, that "[t]he Commission's representative shall determine whether…head or facial hair …will interfere with the …conduct of the contest or exhibition." If so, the offending party may not compete in bout, unless "the circumstances creating the…potential interference [is] corrected to the satisfaction of the Commission's representative."
The Commission does a great job of controlling long hair. Fighters must braid it to avoid the hair becoming an issue, whether getting caught in an opponent's hands, thereby resulting in an illegal hair pull, or somehow impairing the vision of an opponent. Yet, the Commission seems to take a completely passive attitude toward beards.
I'm sure experts abound on both sides of the argument, but it is tough for me to believe that Nelson's beard doesn't create some sort of advantage. Is it that tough to assume that a multi-inch-thick beard, like the one currently sported by Nelson, or the one previously sported by 205-pound champion Jon Jones, doesn't create the same effect as another ounce or two of padding?
If that is an illogical thought, then why are the gloves held to such an exacting standard in terms of ounces of padding?
What are your thoughts?
Colton Smith is an active-duty Army Ranger. He is also the newest winner of the UFC's reality show "The Ultimate Fighter." For those who don't know, the Rangers are the best of the best among the U.S. Army. They are Special Forces combat soldiers who are tasked with accomplishing the impossible.
Smith defeating Mike Ricci certainly didn't qualify as accomplishing the impossible. After all, Ricci is a natural lightweight who competed against men one weight class heavier just for the opportunity to display his skills on cable television. Nonetheless, Smith's domination of Ricci to cap off a perfect run through the TUF 16 tournament was definitely improbable.
It remains to be seen whether Smith will become relevant in the welterweight division, or if his star will quickly fizzle out like some TUF winners before him. Whatever happens, I'm sure his Army brethren, particularly those who share the special bond of being a member of the Rangers, are beaming with pride right about now. For my money, Smith winning was the feel good story of the night.
I'm not going to revisit my "move south" campaign. Anyone who regularly reads this column knows how I feel about Barry continuing to compete at heavyweight. I'm going to let that one go for now and focus on a different glaringly obvious conclusion of Barry's UFC career to date: This guy is arguably the single-most exciting heavyweight in the sport today.
That is a daring statement, I know. Many probably think I'm absolutely nuts. This guy is the ultimate home run hitter. Not the Miguel Cabrera triple crown type. The Dave Kingman strike out or bomb it over the fence type. The numbers agree.
Barry sports a .500 record after 10 UFC bouts. Six of those 10 fights ended with a spectacular knockout – four resulting in a Barry win. Each of those were worthy of a post-fight bonus, despite the fact that only two were bestowed the honor. Three of those 10 fights ended with a submission – Barry ending up on the wrong end of the stick each time. And the remaining bout was brutal bludgeoning over 15 minutes dished out to Joey Beltran, probably one of only two men on the earth who could have lasted through that onslaught (Nelson being the other).
Barry's penchant for winning or losing inside the distance isn't a coincidence. He takes tremendous chances in search of the knockout. That leaves him exposed to be knocked out himself and certainly makes it much easier to be taken down. It's not the best way to compete, if one wants to put together an Anderson Silva-like winning streak. But it is a fantastic way to compete, if one wants to continue getting invited back in marquee matchups, regardless of the outcome of his fights.
I don't care if Barry is a top contender. This .500 fighter will remain at the top of my heavyweight must-see TV list for as long as he competes.
I'll keep this one short and sweet. I think Dustin Poirier is the best featherweight in the UFC not currently wearing a belt.
Intentional pause while readers hammer the comment section with flames…
OK, back to business. I know the division is full of incredibly tough guys like Chad Mendes, Ricardo Lamas, Dennis Siver and the "Korean Zombie," Chan Sung Jung, among others. I also know that the Zombie submitted Poirier back in May. But that was a fight that could have gone either way, but for a single mistake. If those two fought again, I'd be betting on Poirier, to be honest.
I also know that Poirier doesn't have the world's best takedown defense, so someone like Mendes should give him lots of problems.
I don't care. Poirier seems to have that extra something that I haven't seen in a while. I don't know why. I can't accurately describe it with the written word. It's just a feeling that I get from watching him compete Maybe I'm a sucker for a great documentary. I loved "Fightville." If you haven't seen it, I highly recommend downloading it on Netflix or searching your cable/satellite guide for the next showing.
Poirier remains raw, which is to be expected for a 23-year-old fighter. Give him another year or three, and I truly think he will wear UFC gold, whether at 145 or 155.
Jamahal Hill Talks UFC 300 Main Event


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Estefans are ready for Broadway
NEW YORK - Gloria Estefan and her husband Emilio are hoping the rhythm is going to lead to Broadway. The duo on Tuesday announced that they've teamed up with the Nederlander Organization to try to create a musical based on their lives and take it to the Great White Way.
"We are very excited to share this story, which is based on hope, determination and the belief that with hard work and passion, our dreams can become our reality. Our music has been a true reflection of who we are, where we came from and the journey that has brought us to where we are today,'' Gloria and Emilio Estefan said in a statement.
The Nederlander Organization will be producing the new show in partnership with Bernie Yuman, who produced and managed Siegfried & Roy's show in Las Vegas. The show is still in its embryonic form and has no writer, director or creative team yet.
The Estefans were both born in Cuba and together became musical luminaries in Spanish and English, winning Grammy Awards and fans across the U.S. with crossover hits like "The Rhythm is Going To Get You," "Conga" and "Words Get in the Way," in addition to helping the careers of other artists including Shakira, Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony and Jon Secada.
Their lives certainly are the stuff of drama. At age 14, Emilio Estefan fled Fidel Castro's Cuba to Spain and later Miami. He enrolled in night school, working by day in a mailroom, determined to bring his mother and brother here, and he eventually succeeded. He persuaded an uncle to lend him money for an accordion and formed a band, playing traditional Cuban tunes at local fiestas.
Soon, the group added a shy but charismatic singer named Gloria who would steal the heart of Estefan and audiences worldwide as part of the Miami Sound Machine. AP


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On the right side are my Paul & Joe and Rebecca Taylor pouches from Spring magazine. The black brush holder is by Anna Sui. I wish Paul & Joe or Jill Stuart would also produce a more extensive makeup accessories line like Anna Sui as I'm sure they would be huge successes.
The top tray holds the limited edition Collection Sparkles face colors and lipsticks, Eye Glosses, Face Colors and eyeshadows. I wish I had started collecting the Collection Sparkles much earlier as they are so pretty to look at as a group but I resisted for the longest time as the eyeshadow shades, which tended towards the pale pastel variety, were not that appealing to me.
The second tier holds Paul & Joe face powders, Estee Lauder Fleur de Lys shimmer powder, Clinique Quick Blushes, Maquillage and Kate gel liners.
The two lower tiers hold some of my MAC Mineralize Skinfinishes and eyeshadows while the middle tier (not pictured) holds my Becca Pressed Shimmer Powders.
My makeup storage area is usually in much more of a mess with stuff strewn all over but I do try to tidy it up regularly as I don't like dust gathering near my makeup and brushes.
Hope you've enjoyed this look at my collection!


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Class Central Tips
Fires impact people, property and the environment in all countries around the world. In some cases, the resulting losses are extraordinary, causing hundreds of deaths, widespread damage to property and contents and significant impacts on the environment. More often, fires may cause a single casualty or affect a single home, though the effects are still highly significant to those affected and collectively are substantial. This course will provide an overview of the challenges posed by fire as well as the fire safety solutions that are available to meet those challenges.


text: UR Medicine / Neurosurgery / Services / Conditions / Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Cord Injury For more information, please visit our Integrated Spine Care site What is an acute spinal cord injury? The spinal cord is a bundle of nerves that carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is due to a traumatic injury that can either result in a bruise (also called a contusion), a partial tear, or a complete tear (called a transection) in the spinal cord. About 250,000 to 400,000 individuals in the US have a spinal cord injury. About 60 percent of these cases are 30 years old or younger. The annual incidence of spinal cord injury in the U.S. is 40 cases per million, or 12,000 new cases each year. The number of people in the U.S. in 2008 living with a spinal cord injury is approximately 259,000, with a range of 229,000 to 306,000. SCI results in a decreased or absence of movement, sensation, and body organ function below the level of the injury. The most common sites of injury are the cervical and thoracic areas. SCI is a common cause of permanent disability and death in children and adults. Anatomy of the spine: The spine consists of 33 vertebrae, including the following: 7 cervical (neck) 12 thoracic (upper back) 5 lumbar (lower back) 5 sacral* (sacrum - located within the pelvis) 4 coccygeal* (coccyx - located within the pelvis) * By adulthood, the 5 sacral vertebrae fuse to form one bone, and the 4 coccygeal vertebrae fuse to form one bone.) These vertebrae function to stabilize the spine and protect the spinal cord. In general, the higher in the spinal column the injury occurs, the more dysfunction a person will have. Injury to the vertebrae does not always mean the spinal cord has been damaged. Likewise, damage to the spinal cord itself can occur without fractures or dislocations of the vertebrae. What are the types of SCI? SCI can be divided into two main types of injury: complete injury- Complete injury means that there is no function below the level of the injury - either sensation and movement - and both sides of the body are equally affected. Complete injuries can occur at any level of the spinal cord. incomplete injury- Incomplete injury means that there is some ability for the spinal cord to send messages to and from the brain. There is also some function below the level of the injury - movement in one limb more than the other, feeling in parts of the body, or more function on one side of the body than the other. Incomplete injuries can occur at any level of the spinal cord. What causes an acute spinal cord injury? There are many causes of SCI. The more common injuries occur when the area of the spine or neck is bent or compressed, as in the following: birth injuries, which usually affect the spinal cord in the neck area falls motor vehicle accidents (where the person is either riding as a passenger in the car or is struck as a pedestrian) sports injuries diving accidents trampoline accidents Penetrating injuries that pierce the cord, such as gunshots and stab wounds may also cause damage. What are the symptoms of an acute spinal cord injury? Symptoms vary depending on the severity and location of the SCI. At first, the patient may experience spinal shock, which causes loss of feeling, muscle movement, and reflexes below the level of injury. Spinal shock usually lasts from several hours to several weeks. As the period of shock subsides, other symptoms appear, depending on the location of the injury. Generally, the higher up the level of the injury to the spinal cord, the more severe the symptoms. For example, an injury at C2 or C3 (the second and third vertebrae in the spinal column), affects the respiratory muscles and the ability to breathe. A lower injury, in the lumbar vertebrae, may affect nerve and muscle control to the bladder, bowel, and legs. SCI is classified according to the person's type of loss of motor and sensory function. The following are the main types of classifications: quadriplegia (quad means four) - involves loss of movement and sensation in all four limbs (arms and legs). It usually occurs as a result of injury at T1 or above. Quadriplegia also affects the chest muscles and injuries at C4 or above require a mechanical breathing machine (ventilator). paraplegia (para means two like parts) - involves loss of movement and sensation in the lower half of the body (right and left legs). It usually occurs as a result of injuries at T1 or below. triplegia (tri means three) - involves the loss of movement and sensation in one arm and both legs and usually results from incomplete SCI. The following are the most common symptoms of acute spinal cord injuries. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: muscle weakness or paralysis in the trunk, arms or legs loss of feeling in the trunk, arms, or legs muscle spasticity breathing problems problems with heart rate and blood pressure digestive problems loss of bowel and bladder function sexual dysfunction The symptoms of SCI may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis. Rehabilitation potential with SCI: The following chart is a comparison of the specific level of SCI and the resulting rehabilitation potential. This chart is a guide, with general information only; impairments and rehabilitation potential can vary depending on the type and severity of SCI. Always consult your physician for more specific information based on your individual medical condition and injury. Level of Injury Possible Impairment Rehabilitation Potential C2 - C3 Usually fatal as a result of inability to breathe Totally dependent for all care C4 Quadriplegia and breathing difficulty Dependent for all cares; usually needs a ventilator C-5 Quadriplegia with some shoulder and elbow function May be able to feed self using assistive devices; usually can breathe without a ventilator, but may need other types of respiratory support C6 Quadriplegia with shoulder, elbow, and some wrist function May be able to propel a wheelchair inside on smooth surfaces; may be able to help feed, groom, and dress self; dependent on others for transfers C7 Quadriplegia with shoulder, elbow, wrist, and some hand function May be able to propel a wheelchair outside, transfer self, and drive a car with special adaptions; may be able to help with bowel and bladder programs C8 Quadriplegia with normal arm function; hand weakness May be able to propel a wheelchair outside, transfer self, and drive a car with special adaptions; may be able to help with bowel and bladder programs T1 - T6 Paraplegia with loss of function below mid-chest; full control of arms Independent with self care and in wheelchair; able to be employed full time T6 - T12 Paraplegia with loss of function below the waist; good control of torso Good sitting balance; greater ability for operation of a wheelchair and athletic activities L1 - L5 Paraplegia with varying degrees of muscle involvement in the legs May be able to walk short distances with braces and assistive devices Spinal cord injury rehabilitation: Rehabilitation of the patient with a SCI begins during the acute treatment phase. As the patient's condition improves, a more extensive rehabilitation program is often begun. The success of rehabilitation depends on many variables, including the following: level and severity of the SCI type and degree of resulting impairments and disabilities overall health of the patient family support It is important to focus on maximizing the patient's capabilities at home and in the community. Positive reinforcement helps recovery by improving self-esteem and promoting independence. The goal of SCI rehabilitation is to help the patient return to the highest level of function and independence possible, while improving the overall quality of life - physically, emotionally, and socially. Areas covered in spinal cord injury rehabilitation programs may include: Patient need Self-care skills, including activities of daily living (ADLs) Feeding, grooming, bathing, dressing, toileting, and sexual functioning Physical care Support of heart and lung function, nutritional needs, and skin care Mobility skills Walking, transfers, and self-propelling a wheelchair Respiratory care Ventilator care, if needed; breathing treatments and exercises to promote lung function Communication skills Speech, writing, and alternative methods of communication Socialization skills Interacting with others at home and within the community Vocational training Work-related skills Pain and muscle spasticity (increased muscle tone) management Medications and alternative methods of managing pain and spasticity Psychological counseling Identifying problems and solutions for thinking, behavioral, and emotional issues Family support Assistance with adapting to lifestyle changes, financial concerns, and discharge planning Education Patient and family education and training about SCI, home care needs, and adaptive techniques The spinal cord injury rehabilitation team: The spinal cord injury rehabilitation team revolves around the patient and family and helps set short-and long-term treatment goals for recovery. Many skilled professionals are part of the spinal cord injury rehabilitation team, including any/all of the following: neurologist/neurosurgeon orthopaedist/orthopaedic surgeon physiatrist internists rehabilitation nurse social worker physical therapist occupational therapist speech/language pathologist psychologist/psychiatrist recreation therapist dietitian vocational counselor orthotist case manager respiratory therapist chaplain Types of spinal cord injury rehabilitation programs: There are a variety of spinal cord injury treatment programs, including the following: acute rehabilitation programs subacute rehabilitation programs long-term rehabilitation programs transitional living programs day-treatment programs vocational rehabilitation programs


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Revenue and Earning | Consistent |
Debt Level | Low Long Term Debt |
Interest Coverage Ratio | Very Good |
Operating Margin | Declined |
Recent Business Performance | Earning decline 53.72% in the last year |
SG&A to Sales | Increasing |
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Breakfast in bed? Great idea, until you consider the crumbs and numb legs. Maybe brunch out? Sure, less clean up, but a mediocre meal at the local casual dining complex says, "we like you, mom," more than it says, "we love you."
Pie dough for a large, single-crust, deep dish pie dish or pan (click here for recipe!)
big pinch of salt