text:
The ethics and professionalism in medicine are of core importance when it comes to the role of the physician in his code of conduct.
With the great prestige and nobility in this profession comes the great responsibility in doctor's hand, as they have to go through quandary in situations when it comes to cases like euthanasia, abortion, making a decision of who even makes it onto a waiting list for organ transplant, quick and life-changing decisions, psychological pressure from the loved ones of the patient, the patients family blame the doctors if the patient is unable to make during surgery, they should understand that death is imminent and the doctors do, whatever they can to save a life.
The doctor must explain the procedure to the patient and give him full information about the benefits, risks, positive and negative effects, leaving up to the patient to make the choice about undergoing the surgical procedure. The doctor should not perform the surgical intervention, only taking into consideration his personal gains and benefits. His first priority always has to be the patients' health and to act in the best interest to protect the patient from any kind of harm. The doctor should be impartial when it comes to the selection of deserving cases and their needs, and on the basis of their degree of sickness.
The one of the most important and foremost ethical concern is taking an informed consent. Informed Consent is taken in advance from the patient, it is an agreement or a gesture to permit the doctor to have his medical history, undergo examination procedure, diagnosis, treatment, and intervention. The patient should be competent, well aware; mentally and emotionally stable. In some cases, the patient in spite, of his serious condition, refuse to agree with the intervention or surgical procedure, where then doctors have to make a decision for the welfare of the patient.
The information of the patient can only be breached if:
- himself asks the physician.
- In the case of children, the information is conveyed to the parents; as they are very
young to handle their condition. - There is a need of the help of the healthcare team in solving the case. Whether, the disclosure is for the criminal investigation of crime or harm to others, assault case, protecting the vulnerable; such as in child abuse case.
- For research purposes but only as anonymous and after taking consent from the patient.
- When it comes to public interests it may be breached when a patient has a highly contagious disease such as tuberculosis; the doctor has to inform the patients family so that precautionary measures can be taken. If the patient has a sexually transmitted disease, let's say HIV which is a communicable disease, the doctor may disclose his disease to his partner in order to protect from the risk of getting the disease.
- State registries where officials keep track of cases like diabetes, cancer, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and many other diseases.
It is the duty of the doctor to act in his best interest while dealing with a case, abide by the principles in common clinical situations, and work in the beneficence of the patient and do no harm in the treatment procedure.
The common ethical conundrums that doctors' have to face in their course of profession:-
1- Euthanasia:
Euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide is considered as one of the supreme problems when it comes to ethics of patients treatment. The decision of euthanasia by the patient or his family is made in order to reduce the suffering of the patient in his terminal sickness. It can be voluntary or involuntary. When the patient makes a decision, it is voluntary. When the physician makes a decision it is involuntary. However, may it be voluntary or involuntary, it is unethical.
The World Medical Association issued the following declaration on euthanasia:-
"Euthanasia, that is the act of deliberately ending the life of a patient, even at his own request or at the request of his close relatives, is unethical. This does not prevent the physician from respecting the will of a patient to allow the natural process of death to follow its course in the terminal phase of sickness."
2- Staying within their boundaries:
Doctors have to work long hours, off work, and even operate in odd hours in hospital settings and have to treat patients irrespective of their age, gender, and other attributes. They have to work in coordination with other staff members, the nurses, anesthesiologist, interns, assistants and many related members. Personal relationship or intimate relationship between the doctor and any other member like, his fellow, intern, other staff member is unethical and is prohibited. Patients often offer gifts to the doctors when their treatment intervention has been successful, or when the surgery goes well. It is quite fine, to accept those gifts as long as they are in the form of sweets or bouquet. The patient who brings gifts during the intervention may cause trouble, it may be the sign the patient needs more of the doctors' attention. The physician should simply show reluctance to such presents and should not accept them by justifying that its' against the ethics of their respective field.
3- Organ transplant:
Unfortunately, the availability of the transplant organs is far less, than their demand. Doctors have to make a tough decision here, that who will receive the next available organ and who will not, keeping in view the whole scenario, and what criteria is used for determining the donor. The surgeon should opt to give the transplant organ to the deserving patient on the list, on the basis of his health condition.
The physician should be approachable, equitable, able to communicate effectively and compassionately respecting the dignity of the patient regardless of his race, ethnicity, cast, choice of lifestyle. He should be dedicated to his profession, attenuate the pain of the patient by all means, preserving the health and enhancing the quality of life.


text:
Jonathan Hill
After graduating from Newcastle College of Art & Design in 1994, he initially worked in print producing event graphics for the Leadmill in Sheffield. In 1999, Jonathan joined Mainartery; a progressive design studio based in London working solely for the music industry. Over a 3-year period, he produced a range of unique music packaging that crossed boundaries between 2D and 3D media. Clients include R02, Universal Music, EMI and Azuli Records. In 2006 Jonathan set up The Northern Block type foundry to design clean, geometric typefaces aimed at the convergence media users. Recently his font designs have received recognition as some of the most popular work on the market and with his dedication to mentoring and training new type design talent in the UK his influence is set to grow stronger.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Rule #1 - Be Patient - Rule #2 - Don't ask when, if you don't contribute - Rule #3 - You have coding skills - LinuxMCE's small brother is available: http://www.agocontrol.com
I thought the point of this thread was for clutter discussion specifically, not orbiter design discussion... but ok.Thom, it might even be easier that way, since the "old Orbiter" could still exist as the "new Orbiter" is developed. People could choose which to use - stability or new functionality - on a per-device basis if it were set up that way.The key points I'm interested in (no design stuff in the database, re-design-ability without any code changes, and platform portability) have been addressed, and I'm very happy with that direction so far.There are a few other items I'm interested in - the ability to create your own custom screen(s) on a per-installation or per-device basis, better media sorting, and user management.For example - having the "climate" and "security" rows are useless to me. I would rather make a screen with a clock, some media shortcuts, and controls to set lighting levels as the home screen. The design I would want to do would be selecting what I want, and where to put it on the screen - the complex stuff like picking icons and colors should be handled by the orbiter. This way if you change the "theme", or whatever you want to call it, my custom screen will still match everything else. Maybe this complete customization is only available for 1 or 2 screens, where the rest are dictated by the design that is shared by all users.For another example - say I have a device that doesn't quite fit the mold of any other - maybe it's a cable box that has arrows and select buttons and stuff, maybe it's a PS3 which has 51 (I think) buttons on the remote (many of which have nothing to do with media and will exist on no other device), or maybe it's some completely different device that has nothing to do with anything. It would be great if part of the device template could describe what buttons should be on the remote and have the orbiter pull the proper things together automatically. Think of a generic remote template - where buttons or groups of buttons appear, disappear, or reorganize themselves based on the device's capabilities. Of course, part of the UI design will describe how to lay out the buttons and what icons to associate with them - the template only knows what buttons are important. Maybe there is a priority scale for selecting which buttons to leave out if the screen is too small.For media sorting, this should be completely customizable. The user should be able to make up hierarchies - like Author, Album, Title or Title, Season, Episode - and attach those to buttons on the orbiter. The same should be true of any sort of search - for instance "TV Shows", "Action Movies", "James Bond Movies", "TV Shows recorded in the last week", "Unwatched Videos", "Recently watched videos", "Videos partially watched", etc. Maybe even shortcuts to specific playlists. The user can select which ones are important or make up their own, and they appear on the orbiter. I know exactly what I usually search for - there are only 3-4 searches that I do - so I should be able to make shortcuts to those searches so I don't have to wait for the datagrid, select the search buttons, run the search, browse through the results because the search is only close to what I wanted, and finally make a selection.Media sorting should also be configurable for any search. For instance, it's easier to look a James Bond movies by release date, videos should be sorted alphabetically (leaving out the "The", as I've stated before...), and recorded TV should be sorted newest-first with new episodes (this week's new stuff) highlighted. These are my preferences - other people will want other sorting, I'm sure.The thought behind these ideas is that no one likes the same things, and no one has the same technology implemented, so why should everyone use the same exact interface? Slight customization in some key places can bring the UI to a whole new level very quickly.I've also been wondering for a while if there is a better way to handle the current user of an orbiter in the case where no one is using it. Currently, someone is always the user of an orbiter, but as new technology comes about where we can figure out who is in a room and react to it - that assumption stops making sense. This brings up the case where no one is in a room, and the case where more than one person is in the room. Orbiter can't handle either of those, currently.These are probably much further down the road, but something to think about, if you haven't already.
I'm talking about a level of flexibility that will have effects on how the system is designed as a whole. The specific features are beyond what is going on here, yes. Think of the specific features as examples or use cases for how these new "building blocks" would be used. For instance, replacing a screen based on some settings or generating screens programatically - these are interior features that will expose themselves to UI designers, but the root of their implementation is under-the-hood stuff.I think I may have focused on the design features more than the underlying support for them, which made my statements misleading and long-winded.
I'm fine with that statement. I think you will have more people interested in helping if you document your goals and your planned approach, as stated earlier. Even if it's all "subject to change" - people need direction, and they need something to get excited about.
Quote from: jimbodude on May 10, 2010, 08:30:41 pmI'm fine with that statement. I think you will have more people interested in helping if you document your goals and your planned approach, as stated earlier. Even if it's all "subject to change" - people need direction, and they need something to get excited about.Thom has vision which in my experience he isn't very open-minded about shifting or opening up to public debate. That being said, his vision usually satisfies most people's best interests whether they know it or not. I.e he's usually right about shit. The problem is the people who -don't- know it: it is difficult to get them on board to contribute to something they percieve as against their intersts. I think if someone can find a way to organize something like what you propose it would help bring in more resources. Perhaps if Thom doesn't want to compose such a thing, someone can pick his brain and derive something for his review and comment?
A warning: be prepared to scrap all the code we write at this stage, several times over, until we get a grip on it. That can look like duplication of work, but to me that's experience. When we get to a "Wow, we all like it" moment, we'll be ready to start the real work
I'm all in for helping create a really nice UI, but I'm completely missing a few of the skills required. As Thom has said we all need to get involved here where our particular skills shine.Areas I'm not much help with:-Understanding how to pipe the lower level clutter code into a higher level language like xml. I understand our goal is to get something solid and really nice, and firmly believe that we need someone to volunteer to work with the higher level stuff and someone to assist with providing the tools needed by the skinners working with those higher level tools.-Creating textures/graphicsWhere I do have LOTS of experience and can carve out enough time is working with higher level languages and partnering with both someone with an idea who can create the necessary textures, and someone piping out the lower level clutter code into a higher level language as needed. This is how I've done it in the past working with JMarshall and Blackbolt.I agree, it's all talk until we break ground, so is anyone interested in working it this way to get started?
To compile the Uplink's demo just download it, uncompress the archive somewhere using;tar zxf clutter-orbiter-sample.tar.gz<return>Now you need the clutter lib;apt-get install libclutter-1.0-dev<return>


text:
S30NLNY – award winner
28 April 2017
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text:
Introduction | China |
For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, his successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight. |
Geography | China |
Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam |
Geographic coordinates:
Map references:
Asia |
total: 9,596,960 sq km
land: 9,326,410 sq km water: 270,550 sq km |
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than the US |
Land boundaries:
total: 22,117 km
border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km regional borders: Hong Kong 30 km, Macau 0.34 km |
14,500 km |
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin |
extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north |
mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east |
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Turpan Pendi -154 m
highest point: Mount Everest 8,850 m |
Natural resources:
coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest) |
Land use:
arable land: 15.4%
permanent crops: 1.25% other: 83.35% (2001) |
Irrigated land:
525,800 sq km (1998 est.) |
Natural hazards:
frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence |
Environment - current issues:
air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species |
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note:
world's fourth largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US); Mount Everest on the border with Nepal is the world's tallest peak |
People | China |
1,306,313,812 (July 2005 est.) |
Age structure:
0-14 years: 21.4% (male 148,134,928/female 131,045,415)
15-64 years: 71% (male 477,182,072/female 450,664,933) 65 years and over: 7.6% (male 47,400,282/female 51,886,182) (2005 est.) |
Median age:
total: 32.26 years
male: 31.87 years female: 32.67 years (2005 est.) |
Population growth rate:
0.58% (2005 est.) |
Birth rate:
13.14 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
Death rate:
6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
Net migration rate:
-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
Infant mortality rate:
total: 24.18 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.21 deaths/1,000 live births female: 27.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 72.27 years
male: 70.65 years female: 74.09 years (2005 est.) |
Total fertility rate:
1.72 children born/woman (2005 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.1% (2003 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
840,000 (2003 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
44,000 (2003 est.) |
noun: Chinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Chinese |
Ethnic groups:
Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1% |
Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Muslim 1%-2%, Christian 3%-4%
note: officially atheist (2002 est.) |
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry) |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90.9% male: 95.1% female: 86.5% (2002) |
Government | China |
Country name:
conventional long form: People's Republic of China
conventional short form: China local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo local short form: Zhong Guo abbreviation: PRC |
Government type:
Communist state |
Beijing |
Administrative divisions:
23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 4 municipalities (shi, singular and plural)
: provinces: Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang : autonomous regions: Guangxi, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Xizang (Tibet) : municipalities: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin note: China considers Taiwan its 23rd province; see separate entries for the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau |
221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established) |
National holiday:
Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, 1 October (1949) |
most recent promulgation 4 December 1982 |
Legal system:
a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal law; rudimentary civil code in effect since 1 January 1987; new legal codes in effect since 1 January 1980; continuing efforts are being made to improve civil, administrative, criminal, and commercial law |
18 years of age; universal |
Executive branch:
chief of state: President HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) and Vice President ZENG Qinghong (since 15 March 2003)
head of government: Premier WEN Jiabao (since 16 March 2003); Vice Premiers HUANG Ju (since 17 March 2003), WU Yi (17 March 2003), ZENG Peiyan (since 17 March 2003), and HUI Liangyu (since 17 March 2003) cabinet: State Council appointed by the National People's Congress (NPC) elections: president and vice president elected by the National People's Congress for five-year terms; elections last held 15-17 March 2003 (next to be held mid-March 2008); premier nominated by the president, confirmed by the National People's Congress election results: HU Jintao elected president by the Tenth National People's Congress with a total of 2,937 votes (four delegates voted against him, four abstained, and 38 did not vote); ZENG Qinghong elected vice president by the Tenth National People's Congress with a total of 2,578 votes (177 delegates voted against him, 190 abstained, and 38 did not vote); two seats were vacant |
Legislative branch:
unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (2,985 seats; members elected by municipal, regional, and provincial people's congresses to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held December 2002-February 2003 (next to be held late 2007-February 2008) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - NA |
Judicial branch:
Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National People's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher, intermediate and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarily military, maritime, and railway transport courts) |
Political parties and leaders:
Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao, General Secretary of the Central Committee]; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP |
Political pressure groups and leaders:
no substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has identified the Falungong spiritual movement and the China Democracy Party as subversive groups |
International organization participation:
AfDB, APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, CDB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, PCA, SCO, UN, UN Security Council, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO, ZC |
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador ZHOU Wenzhong
chancery: 2300 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-2500 FAX: [1] (202) 328-2582 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco consulate(s): Los Angeles |
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Clark T. RANDT, Jr.
embassy: Xiu Shui Bei Jie 3, 100600 Beijing mailing address: PSC 461, Box 50, FPO AP 96521-0002 telephone: [86] (10) 6532-3831 FAX: [86] (10) 6532-6929 consulate(s) general: Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Shenyang |
Flag description:
red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner |
Economy | China |
Economy - overview:
In late 1978 the Chinese leadership began moving the economy from a sluggish, inefficient, Soviet-style centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented system. Whereas the system operates within a political framework of strict Communist control, the economic influence of non-state organizations and individual citizens has been steadily increasing. The authorities switched to a system of household and village responsibility in agriculture in place of the old collectivization, increased the authority of local officials and plant managers in industry, permitted a wide variety of small-scale enterprises in services and light manufacturing, and opened the economy to increased foreign trade and investment. The result has been a quadrupling of GDP since 1978. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, China in 2004 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still poor. Agriculture and industry have posted major gains especially in coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan and in Shanghai, where foreign investment has helped spur output of both domestic and export goods. The leadership, however, often has experienced - as a result of its hybrid system - the worst results of socialism (bureaucracy and lassitude) and of capitalism (growing income disparities and rising unemployment). China thus has periodically backtracked, retightening central controls at intervals. The government has struggled to (a) sustain adequate jobs growth for tens of millions of workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, migrants, and new entrants to the work force; (b) reduce corruption and other economic crimes; and (c) keep afloat the large state-owned enterprises, many of which had been shielded from competition by subsidies and had been losing the ability to pay full wages and pensions. From 100 to 150 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time, low-paying jobs. Popular resistance, changes in central policy, and loss of authority by rural cadres have weakened China's population control program, which is essential to maintaining long-term growth in living standards. At the same time, one demographic consequence of the "one child" policy is that China is now one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. Another long-term threat to growth is the deterioration in the environment - notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table especially in the north. China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and economic development. As part of its effort to gradually slow the rapid economic growth seen in 2004, Beijing says it will reduce somewhat its spending on infrastructure in 2005, while continuing to focus on poverty relief and through rural tax reform. Accession to the World Trade Organization helps strengthen its ability to maintain strong growth rates but at the same time puts additional pressure on the hybrid system of strong political controls and growing market influences. China has benefited from a huge expansion in computer Internet use, with 94 million users at the end of 2004. Foreign investment remains a strong element in China's remarkable economic growth. Shortages of electric power and raw materials may affect industrial output in 2005. More power generating capacity is scheduled to come on line in 2006. In its rivalry with India as an economic power, China has a lead in the absorption of technology, the rising prominence in world trade, and the alleviation of poverty; India has one important advantage in its relative mastery of the English language, but the number of competent Chinese English-speakers is growing rapidly. |
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$7.262 trillion (2004 est.) |
GDP - real growth rate:
9.1% (official data) (2004 est.) |
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $5,600 (2004 est.) |
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 13.8%
industry and construction: 52.9% services: 33.3% (2004 est.) |
Labor force:
760.8 million (2003) |
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 49%, industry 22%, services 29% (2003 est.) |
Unemployment rate:
9.8% in urban areas; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas; an official Chinese journal estimated overall unemployment (including rural areas) for 2003 at 20% (2004 est.) |
Population below poverty line:
10% (2001 est.) |
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 30.4% (1998) |
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
44 (2002) |
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
4.1% (2004 est.) |
Investment (gross fixed):
46% of GDP (2004 est.) |
revenues: $317.9 billion
expenditures: $348.9 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) |
Public debt:
31.4% of GDP (2004 est.) |
Agriculture - products:
rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed, pork, fish |
mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals; coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles and satellites |
Industrial production growth rate:
17.1% (2004 est.) |
Electricity - production:
1.91 trillion kWh (2003) |
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 80.2%
hydro: 18.5% nuclear: 1.2% other: 0.1% (2001) |
Electricity - consumption:
1.63 trillion kWh (2003) |
Electricity - exports:
10.38 billion kWh (2002) |
Electricity - imports:
2.3 billion kWh (2002) |
Oil - production:
3.392 million bbl/day (2003 est.) |
Oil - consumption:
4.956 million bbl/day (2002 est.) |
Oil - exports:
427,800 bbl/day (2002) |
Oil - imports:
2.414 million bbl/day (2002) |
Oil - proved reserves:
17.74 billion bbl (2004 est.) |
Natural gas - production:
35 billion cu m (2003 est.) |
Natural gas - consumption:
29.18 billion cu m (2002 est.) |
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2002 est.) |
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2002 est.) |
Natural gas - proved reserves:
2.23 trillion cu m (2004) |
Current account balance:
$30.32 billion (2004 est.) |
$583.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
Exports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, plastics, optical and medical equipment, iron and steel |
Exports - partners:
US 21.1%, Hong Kong 17%, Japan 12.4%, South Korea 4.7%, Germany 4% (2004) |
$552.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels, plastics, optical and medical equipment, organic chemicals, iron and steel |
Imports - partners:
Japan 16.8%, Taiwan 11.4%, South Korea 11.1%, US 8%, Germany 5.4% (2004) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$609.9 billion (2004 est.) |
Debt - external:
$233.3 billion (3rd quarter 2004 est.) |
Economic aid - recipient:
Currency (code):
yuan (CNY)
note:: also referred to as the Renminbi (RMB) |
Currency code:
Exchange rates:
yuan per US dollar - 8.2768 (2004), 8.277 (2003), 8.277 (2002), 8.2771 (2001), 8.2785 (2000) |
Fiscal year:
calendar year |
Communications | China |
Telephones - main lines in use:
263 million (2003) |
Telephones - mobile cellular:
269 million (2003) |
Telephone system:
general assessment: domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns
domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place international: country code - 86; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions); several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany (2000) |
Radio broadcast stations:
AM 369, FM 259, shortwave 45 (1998) |
417 million (1997) |
Television broadcast stations:
3,240 (of which 209 are operated by China Central Television, 31 are provincial TV stations and nearly 3,000 are local city stations) (1997) |
400 million (1997) |
Internet country code:
.cn |
Internet hosts:
160,421 (2003) |
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
3 (2000) |
Internet users:
94 million (2004) |
Transportation | China |
total: 71,898 km
standard gauge: 71,898 km 1.435-m gauge (18,115 km electrified) dual gauge: 23,945 km (multiple track not included in total) (2002) |
total: 1,765,222 km
paved: 395,410 km (with at least 25,130 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,369,812 km (2002 est.) |
121,557 km (2002) |
gas 15,890 km; oil 14,478 km; refined products 3,280 km (2004) |
Ports and harbors:
Dalian, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai |
Merchant marine:
total: 1,649 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 18,724,653 GRT/27,749,784 DWT
by type: barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 362, cargo 696, chemical tanker 38, combination ore/oil 1, container 135, liquefied gas 30, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 81, petroleum tanker 246, refrigerated cargo 30, roll on/roll off 11, vehicle carrier 10 foreign-owned: 9 (Hong Kong 4, Japan 2, South Korea 2, United States 1) registered in other countries: 872 (2005) |
472 (2004 est.) |
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 383
over 3,047 m: 53 2,438 to 3,047 m: 116 1,524 to 2,437 m: 141 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 50 (2004 est.) |
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 89
over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 32 under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.) |
15 (2004 est.) |
Military | China |
Military branches:
People's Liberation Army (PLA): Ground Forces, Navy (includes marines and naval aviation), Air Force (includes Airborne Forces), and II Artillery Corps (strategic missile force); People's Armed Police Force (internal security troops considered to be an adjunct to the PLA); Militia (2003) |
Military service age and obligation:
18-22 years of age for compulsory military service, with 24-month service obligation; no minimum age for voluntary service; 17 years of age for women who meet requirements for specific military jobs (2004) |
Manpower available for military service:
males age 18-49: 342,956,265 (2005 est.) |
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 18-49: 281,240,272 (2005 est.) |
Manpower reaching military service age annually:
males: 13,186,433 (2005 est.) |
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
$67.49 billion (2004) |
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
4.3% (2004) |
Transnational Issues | China |
Disputes - international:
in 2005, China and India initiate drafting principles to resolve all aspects of their extensive boundary and territorial disputes together with a security and foreign policy dialogue to consolidate discussions related to the boundary, regional nuclear proliferation, and other matters; recent talks and confidence-building measures have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; about 90,000 ethnic Tibetan exiles reside primarily in India as well as Nepal and Bhutan; China asserts sovereignty over the Spratly Islands together with Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratlys but is not the legally binding "code of conduct" sought by some parties; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord on marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; China occupies some of the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; China and Taiwan have become more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea, the site of intensive hydrocarbon prospecting; certain islands in the Yalu and Tumen rivers are in an uncontested dispute with North Korea and a section of boundary around Mount Paektu is considered indefinite; China seeks to stem illegal migration of tens of thousands of North Koreans; in 2004, China and Russia divided up the islands in the Amur, Ussuri, and Argun Rivers, ending a century-old border dispute; demarcation of the China-Vietnam boundary proceeds slowly and although the maritime boundary delimitation and fisheries agreements were ratified in June 2004, implementation has been delayed; environmentalists in Burma and Thailand remain concerned about China's construction of hydroelectric dams upstream on the Nujiang/Salween River in Yunnan Province |
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 299,287 (Vietnam) estimated 30,000-50,000 (North Korea) (2004) |
Illicit drugs:
major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country for chemical precursors and methamphetamine |
Sources: The CIA World Fact Book and other public domain Internet sites


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- $40.99$23.99
Availability: In stock
Product Code: 581731
Categories Sports Wallpaper Borders Cars Wallpaper Borders Clearance
Availability: In stock
Product Code: 581731
Categories Sports Wallpaper Borders Cars Wallpaper Borders Clearance
Size | |
Width | 6 3/4 in |
Length | 15 ' |
Pattern Repeat | 20 1/2 in |
Material | |
Color | Green, Red |
Material | Vinyl Coated |
Pasted: | Prepasted, Scrubbable, Strippable |
Wallpaper borders are the choice for the quick transformation of any space. They will easily bring color and warmth to any space, be it the kitchen, the bedroom, the dining space, or even the bathroom.
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Easy to clean
● The material making the wallpaper border is scrubbable and washable. It is very easy to clean using clean water and a sponge.
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● A few decades past, mold was a serious problem that was unfortunately associated with wallpaper.
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Easy to install and remove
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Makes for a great DIY project
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Tips as you make your purchase
Round up the measurements
● As you buy the wallpaper, be sure to get more than the exact measurement so you have extra to work with.
● While accidents are not favorable, they may happen. Better to have more paper than less.
Order from the same batch
● New product varieties are constantly coming in each day. Colors and shades are ever-evolving. While two lengths of borders may be similar in design, they may end up looking slightly different.
● For this reason, be sure that all your wallpaper border rolls come from the same manufacturer's batch.
Verify the packaging
● Wallpaper packaging sometimes comes packaged as a pair of rolls. Always verify whether your order comes as a single or double package so you do not end up with half or twice as much as you need.
Tips for installation
Pick out the best spot to hang up the border.
● The wallpaper border sits best at the top third or bottom third of the wall. Envision where it will stand out best before installing it.
Prepare the wall adequately
● Sand the wall area where you intend to put up the border lightly to smooth it over and then clean it properly with clean water, soap and sponge.
● Fill out any holes and cracks and sand them over to smoothen them out.
Map out the wall section
● Use a level and measuring tape to confirm that the wall is level. This will help you to align the border so it does not appear crooked.
● Mark the path where the border will lie with a pencil. This will go hand in hand with checking that the wall is level to create a smooth, straight finish.
Width of Room | |
Length of Room | |
Width 1 | |
Width 2 | |
Width 3 | |
Width 4 | |
Width 5 | |
Width 6 | |
Linear footage | |
Shipping to anywhere in USA by Priority Mail is $6.95 flat rate.
Shipping to Canada is $9.90 - $12.95
Shipping is FREE for USA and Canadian orders over $100
Orders are shipped by UPS Ground or USPS Priority Mail within 1-3 business days.
International shipping by Priority Mail is $9.90
Please read our Shipping and Return Policy here.
Related Products
The Dream Wall Decor online store offers large selection of discounted wallpaper and wall borders from major US and Canadian manufacturers, polyurethane crown moldings and trims, ceiling medallions, wall ornaments, interior columns, decorative corbels etc. All home decor items in our stock have the most competitive price on the market. Customer satisfaction is our top priority here at DreamWallDecor.
At Dream Wall Decor, we want you to create a room that works specifically for your needs. You deserve to have a living room, bedroom or any other room look exactly how you wish without paying extra for it.
1717 MACKENNA AVE Niagara Falls, NY 14303
Phone: 1-855-357-8888


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Hindi: chawal
How many times have we thought rice is a blessing? We use it for holy purposes but we also can pressure up a quick pulao or khichdi when hunger pangs are drumming away! This is one grain that is about 98% percent digestible. In India we are familiar with Basmati, Patna or brown rice but it is also available as Italian Rice and Glutinous Rice which is popular in Chinese and Japanese cuisines.
Prep Time : 26-30 minutes
Cook time : 26-30 minutes
Serve : 4
Level Of Cooking : Easy
Taste : Spicy
Chef Sanjeev Kapoor is the most celebrated face of Indian cuisine. He is Chef extraordinaire, runs a successful TV Channel FoodFood, hosted Khana Khazana cookery show on television for more than 17 years, author of 150+ best selling cookbooks, restaurateur and winner of several culinary awards. He is living his dream of making Indian cuisine the number one in the world and empowering women through power of cooking to become self sufficient. His recipe portal www.sanjeevkapoor.com is a complete cookery manual with a compendium of more than 10,000 tried & tested recipes, videos, articles, tips & trivia and a wealth of information on the art and craft of cooking in both English and Hindi.


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Robert Kennedy Jr. and actress Cheryl Hines are now husband and wife. The couple married Saturday before family and friends gathered at the Kennedy compound in Hyannis Port on Cape Cod. The 60-year-old Robert Kennedy is an environmental lawyer and activist who lives in New York. He is son of the late Sen. Robert F. Kennedy and nephew of President John F. Kennedy and the late Sen. Edward Kennedy. It is his third marriage. The 48-year-old Hines has been nominated twice for Emmys for her role playing Larry David's wife on HBO's "Curb Your Enthusiasm."
The first time we went scuba diving together, he [Robert] picked up a starfish at the bottom of the ocean, and gave it to me.
Actress Cheryl Hines


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NewYorkDress.com will match the price of this item, if found on any other Authorized Website at a lower price and give you an extra 5% off. Even if it is a penny less!
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Snap installation tool
This is the commercial snap installation tool used by most professionals. ...
Cockpit carpet kit (2 pieces) to fit the exterior deck of your Crownline 236 LS (2004 Through 2006 +- models). We provide the snaps separate to be installed onboard your boat as these locations change from boat to boat. All carpet selections come with a standard matching Sunbrella canvas binding (edging).
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Sporting Goods for Zachary B. Cooper
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If you are not completely satisfied with your Super Lawyers merchandise, return it to us within 60 days of receipt (in original packaging if possible). Once we receive your return, we will refund the full purchase price. You will pay only the cost of shipping the return.
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