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When it comes to running your business successfully, you know communication is critical. That's why you're always on the lookout for the most efficient two-way radios on the market.
Your search is finally over because CommUSA is a one-stop-shop for the highest quality two-way radios and accessories in Samak, UT.
We offer an extensive selection of value-priced radios, from convenient portable two-way radios to powerful mobile radios and base stations. Plus, our impressive stock of two-way radio accessories means you don't have to look elsewhere for batteries, headsets, surveillance kits, and more.
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Like you, we value quality, reliability, and safety. That's why we only sell industry-leading brands like Motorola. Whether you need to purchase or rent two-way radios, our durable models will be there when you need them.
Think our incredible prices mean our radios can't hold up to your toughest jobs? Think again because CommUSA's two-way radios and accessories are suited for a wide range of industries, including oil and gas, sports venues, events, and more. No matter how big or small the project, our two-way radios will help you get it done.
Check out CommUSA's selection of two-way radios right now and see for yourself why so many industry-leading businesses prefer our communication solutions.
Are you having trouble figuring out how to choose the best two-way radios for your needs? At CommUSA, we want to lend you a hand. Any time you rent or purchase one of our two-way radio systems, you get a communications professional to assist you every step of the way.
Your CommUSA experience begins when you speak with one of our expert consultants. They'll help you identify your specific needs and choose the right radio models for the size and type of territory you need to cover.
Once you and your consultant customize a two-way radio strategy that ticks all of your boxes, we package and ship the order. Most two-way radio orders come with same-day fulfillment or can ship within a few short days.
Since we offer the largest variety of Motorola two-way radios in Samak, Utah, we can always handle your needs, no matter how big of an order you throw at us. Plus, our two-way radio sales price-match guarantee means you'll never have to worry about breaking the budget.
It's time to stop wondering where to find the best value on two-way radios and accessories— they're all here at CommUSA.
With a two-way radio system from CommUSA, you're getting a safe, cost-effective, and completely customized way to communicate with your team.
Many of our two-way radio models are deemed intrinsically safe, with completely spark-proof interiors and exteriors for ultimate peace of mind. Plus, our two-way radios don't rely on cell towers. So if disaster strikes, you won't miss a beat.
CommUSA doesn't think one two-way radio model fits all either. That's why we carry portables, mobiles, and base stations of varying sizes, capabilities, and price levels. Whether you work in the industrial sector or a standalone retail store, CommUSA has a two-way radio solution for your unique needs.
Mobile two-way radios are ideal communication solutions for professionals who work in fixed locations. Whether that's your vehicle or your office, a mobile two-way radio offers the benefits of a constant power source and extended range.
CommUSA mobile two-way radios consist of the mobile radio itself, plus vehicle mounting brackets, battery power cables and palm style microphones. We also carry a variety of vehicle and building style antennas to extend the range of your mobile even further.
We also offer fleet vehicle installation for our mobile radios and installation services for our base stations. That's why school bus systems, city engineers, and public works departments in Samak, Utah prefer to source all their mobile two-way radio and base station needs from CommUSA.
If your workers aren't chained to a desk or vehicle, they need more than what a mobile two-way radio can offer. That's where portable two-way radios come in.
Portables are convenient handheld two-way radio devices that you can clip to your belt when not in use. Depending on your working conditions, CommUSA has compact two-way radio models, heavy-duty two-way radio models, and everything in between.
Perfect for hospitals, casinos, oil and gas companies, amusement parks, and more, a portable two-way radio system from CommUSA is the affordable and reliable communication solution you need for your next big project.
With a base station from CommUSA, your mobile two-way radio will always be ready to go when communication is most critical. We can convert your mobile radio into a base station by adding a desktop power supply, desktop microphone and external antenna. Your mobile radio stays plugged into the power supply for all-day operations and you won't have to worry about it walking away from the desk.
Hook up your base station to a dispatch console and get seamless individual-to-group or group-to-group communication.
You'll also get up to 8% extra coverage in dead spots, perfect for even the most rural jobs. If that's not enough, CommUSA carries base station-compatible MOTOTRBO repeaters for your extended coverage needs.
Portable, mobile and base station two-way radios can only talk so far. We've all seen the two-way radio advertisements that boast of "up to 35 mile range," but the truth is obstructions in the path of your radio signal like buildings, walls, furniture or even trees, hills or mountains if you are outdoors, can degrade your transmission signal significantly. If you are in a skyrise building, depending on the construction materials of the building, you may only get 7 to 10 floors with a full power business radio. And if you add to that same building things like underground floors or parking structures with thick concrete separations, your coverage may even be worse. On a large outdoor campus like a business park or University, you may only get a quarter mile of coverage.
Every environment is different and we have the expert communications consultants to help you find the right solution. Repeaters are one of those options in that they "repeat" the signal of your two-way radio portable, mobile, or base station, at a higher power and with a better antenna that is designed to fill in the gaps of your coverage area. If it's determined that you can't cover your area without a Repeater, then we'll help you choose the right custom set up.
We sell many Motorola Repeaters, including the SLR1000, SLR5700, MTR3000 and SLR8000. All of our Repeaters from Motorola are unique and custom configured for your needs. Best of all, we even offer Repeater solutions to connect multiple properties using Radio Over IP technology with solutions by Motorola such as IP Site Connect, Multi-Site Capacity Plus, Connect Plus and Capacity Max.
Have multiple sites you need to communicate across in Samak, Utah? CommUSA has you covered with our radio over IP site connections.
These robust solutions work by placing repeaters at each of your job sites. Then, we use an IP to connect the repeaters seamlessly, allowing you to communicate across anywhere from 5 to 250 different locations.
CommUSA two-way radio systems are ideal for these industries in Samak, UT:
Educators have enough to worry about without the hassle of choosing a communication system. Increase safety and cut costs at your school with portable and mobile two-way radios from CommUSA. Our handheld and vehicle mounted mobile two-way radios are ideal for bus management, in-school security, after- and before-school pick-up/drop-off communications, and more.
Customer service is vital in the hospitality workplace. Our two-way radio systems keep employees connected to their team members and teams connected to one another. Perfect for hotel security, housekeeping, and maintenance staff, CommUSA's handheld radios can help you provide better, faster service to your guests.
As a facilities manager, you know keeping your property secure is essential for ensuring tenants' peace of mind. Improve security operations efficiency at your property with a two-way radio solution from CommUSA. Whether you manage offices, apartments, or homes in Samak, UT, our two-way radios make instant communication foolproof.
Whether in the field or the office, communication is vital to the efficiency of your team. More importantly, quick and convenient communication helps reduce risk when workplace hazards arise. Identify problems faster and get everyone in the know instantly with a portable, mobile or base station two-way radio system from CommUSA. Plus, add on repeaters for extended coverage in large buildings, large campuses and rural locales to make sure you can always reach your team.
Mobile phones have been the go-to communication source for utilities and public works teams for far too long. Cut costs and communicate more reliably with a two-way radio system from CommUSA. We make it easy for you to switch with fleet vehicle installation of our mobile two-way radios. Learn for yourself why water districts, sanitation and utilities, and other public works departments in Samak, UT are choosing a two-way radio solution from CommUSA.
For public safety agents, effective communication means the difference between life and death. At CommUSA, we want to help keep your teams connected so they can focus on what they do best. To ensure you and your team don't miss a beat, we also offer dispatch vehicle installation of our mobile two-way radios and a wide variety of public safety radio accessories.
Seconds matter when you're saving lives. That's why the top hospital systems in Samak, UT source their two-way radios from CommUSA. Your organization will never have to stress about staying connected and effectively communicating when security situations occur.
In construction, you know time is money. Keep to your strict schedule with lightning-quick communication via CommUSA two-way radios. Direct your teams from your vehicle or office with a two-way mobile radio and base station. Or, get in on the action yourself with a portable radio durable enough to outlast even the toughest job sites.
Improve logistics performance and customer service with a mobile two-way radio and base station from CommUSA. We know constant communication makes the difference between happy and disgruntled customers. That's why we offer fleet installation. If your airline, rail, delivery, towing, or mobile services teams need to stay on-task and on-time, you can't go wrong with CommUSA.
With a two-way radio system from CommUSA, you can reduce downtime and improve safety at your Samak, UT manufacturing plant. Keep in touch with security, make sure the production line stays efficient, and instruct work teams no matter where you are, all with your portable two-way radio. Additional consideration for CommUSA's complete line of accessories that can support hands-free operation, noise cancelling headsets and remote speakers mics are routinely deployed to enhance efficiencies and employee safety.
Good customer service and fraud prevention measures make for happy retail revenues. Run price checks instantly, inform security of a suspicious customer, and clean up disasters faster with discrete two-way radio and accessory solutions from CommUSA. Find out how we're helping the nation's top retailers protect their bottom lines — try one of our top portable radio models today!
Event managers love how easy and convenient CommUSA's two-way portable radios make communicating at big events. Forget about cell phones— you need something more powerful. Let CommUSA help you speed up emergency responses and boost crowd control for your safest, most successful event yet.
Get in touch with our expert consultants today to find out whether a CommUSA two-way radio system is right for your communication needs.
The CP200d portable two-way radio is part of Motorola's highly-popular Commercial Series. More durable and user-friendly than its predecessor, the CP200, organizations on a budget will appreciate this model's value and its MOTOTRBO digital and analog capabilities.
Compact size and heavy-duty design collide in the MOTOTRBO SL300 portable two-way radio. Despite its slim body, the SL300 offers robust features, including a shatterproof display, extended range, and both analog and digital operation.
The MOTOTRBO XPR line from Motorola is arguably the most popular portable two-way radio line in Samak, UT. That's because XPR two-way radios include up to 28.5 hours of extended battery life, up to 8% better range, and updated design with improved waterproofing.
The XPR3300e is no exception. Well-suited for organizations on a budget, manufacturers, schools, and hotels love the 3300e for its enhanced audio features that cancel out environmental noise.
Similar to the XPR3300e, the MOTOTRBO XPR3500e is perfect for noisy environments. The difference is in the XPR3500e's added display screen and additional channel capacity featuring a keypad for quick access option buttons and audio-free communication.
With a similar form factor to the slim SL300 and the feature sets of the amazing XPR3500e, the Motorola SL3500e is the best of both worlds. Small and lightweight in form, but with the technical capability to operate on advanced Motorola Repeater Systems such as IP Site Connect, Capacity Plus and Multi-Site Capacity Plus. With the SL3500e you don't sacrifice performance for a radio you can fit in your pocket.
Motorola's XPR7350e is a simple to use, powerful and incredibly durable radio. Made for the most rugged environments, the XPR7350e passes the test. When you need to safeguard your employees with a tough, reliable radio with exceptional audio quality and advanced features, look no further than the Motorola XPR7350e.
The XPR7550e is the ultimate power solution for organizations that need their portable two-way radio to go above and beyond. Well-suited for industrial organizations, the XPR7550e's advanced color screen allows for texting and work order ticketing capabilities, even in the noisiest conditions.
The Motorola Mag One BPR40 is a great entry level radio at an affordable price. Its compact design still offers a full 4 watts of power in UHF and 5 watts in VHF to provide excellent range. The best thing about this radio is that even though it's light and small, it still packs a punch with its durability.
The Motorola CP185 is another great entry level radio, but with a few more bells and whistles. Like its alphanumeric display that allows you to see your battery status or label your channels by name. If you use many channels, remembering which one your teams are on can be difficult. With the affordable CP185 radio, you can easily name your channels by their description, such as HSKP, MAINT or SECURITY. Last but not least, the CP185 is tough with its IP54 rating, backed by a full 2-year Motorola factory warranty.
Just like its predecessor, the DTR650, the Motorola DTR700 is completely license free. The DTR700 operates on special 900mhz frequencies, set aside by the FCC for business operation. No need for you to spend time and money on FCC frequency coordination and associated costs. This slim and lightweight radio has up to 50 channels available so you can separate your talkgroups or departments with ease. The DTR700 is IP54 rated, has a full graphic color display and best of all, not only can you make group calls, you can do private one-to-one calling as well.
VL50, VX-261, EVX-261, XPR7380e, XPR7580e, SL7550e, SL7580e, SL7590e, and SLN1000. We even offer the TLK100, which is a handheld radio that works on the Verizon network for Nationwide coverage.
In addition to our top-selling portables, CommUSA carries a wide selection of mobile two-way radios and base stations.
Motorola designed its MOTOTRBO CM200d mobile two-way radio for the everyday driver. Surprisingly as affordable as it is durable, the CM200d has two times the capacity, greater coverage, and superior audio to comparable mobile radios. The Analog version can be programmed to your current analog radio system, but if or when you ever convert to a digital radio system, it can be upgraded with a simple and inexpensive software license.
Just like the CM200d analog version, Motorola designed its MOTOTRBO CM200d analog/digital version to provide excellent audio quality and superior range at an affordable price. The analog/digital version has the added advantage that it can be programmed with both analog and digital channels, making any transition to a digital system as seamless as possible. Digital channels provide the added benefits of increased range, better audio quality and increased privacy.
Similar to the CM200d, the CM300d offers an added digital display screen for enhanced capabilities, including caller ID.
The CM200d and the CM300d are rated IP54. That means these models are splash- and dust-proof, perfect for the harshest of conditions.
Just like the CM300d Analog version, the Digital version has an alphanumeric display and comes in either a 1-25 Watt or 25-40 Watt version. The low power version is typically used for base station mode, while the high power version is used when you need to cover a larger area for both base station and mobile operation.
The XPR2500 is the budget-friendly communication solution your drivers need. Compact and hardy, this classic mobile radio features digital and analog capabilities plus twice the calling capacity and clearer audio than comparable mobile two-way radio base stations in Samak, UT.
Not meant for the occasional mobile radio user, the XPR5350e is a high-end yet compact mobile designed for ultimate connectivity. The 5350e has all the features you can expect from a Motorola XPR mobile radio, including integrated WiFi for remote software updates and free advanced software such as Capacity Plus and IP Site Connect capabilities.
The XPR5380e is identical in features and capabilities to the XPR5350e, but operates in the 800/900 mhz frequency range. Like the XPR5350e, it has Bluetooth-enabled voice and data capabilities. Use WiFi to update software remotely and get trunking support to ensure your XPR5380e will grow as your organization does.
Rugged and powerful, the XPR5550e offers a color digital screen with text messaging and work order ticketing capabilities in addition to the regular features that come with a Motorola XPR mobile radio. The XPR5550e has an added audio amplifier and is desktop microphone-compatible, making it ideal for dispatch systems.
Motorola's XPR5580e is for organizations operating on exclusive 800/900 mhz frequencies that need the best on-the-go mobile radio around. That's why the XPR5580e features a quick access button for emergency alerts, hands-free accessories, text-to-speech functions, a color digital screen, and so much more.
The Motorola TLK150 was designed just like it's sister product, the TLK100, to provide simple Push-to-talk communication on Verizon's Nationwide Cellular network, but in the formfactor of a vehicular mounted mobile radio. The TLK150 mobile radio is a great option for trucking, taxi cabs, school transportation, buses, fleet vehicles, distributors, or anyone else needed radio coverage over a large area like a City or State. Being on the Verizon networks means you can talk to your employees at the push of a button, whether they are across town or across the country.
So, you have a big event or project coming up, but your current communication system isn't up to the job. Or, you want to try out our two-way radios before making a permanent investment. It sounds like you need a rental from CommUSA.
We have the most extensive inventory of all the rental two-way radios in Samak, Utah, including portables, repeaters, base stations, and accessories. No matter how big or how small, CommUSA rentals can help make your upcoming event or project a major success.
Our client services experts will help you decide on the number and type of two-way radios and accessories you'll need. Once you and your representative design a communication strategy that's perfect for your needs, we'll create an agreement that optimizes connectivity at a competitive price.
Next, we program your two-way radios (included in the price) and ship them to you, no matter where you're located. Have a question about your two-way radio order? Don't worry— we won't leave you hanging once we fulfill your order. We offer full support throughout the entire rental process.
If you're concerned about damaging your two-way radios, CommUSA offers renters insurance at an extra cost. This will protect you from paying full price for a two-way radio or accessory that's broken or damaged during the rental period.
Next time you're searching for two-way radio and accessory rentals in Samak, Utah, you need to check out CommUSA's high-quality two-way radios. Here are just a couple of our most frequently rented two-way radios.
From a colored digital screen to work order ticketing functionality, the XPR7550e has everything your workers need. Up to twenty-nine hours of battery life and up to 8% extended range for dead spots, enhanced audio quality for noisy environments, and superior waterproofing for whatever your project throws its way.
Since we only work with Motorola products, you're getting a high-value product no matter which radio you choose. Plus, the extended battery life and many intrinsically safe options mean our two-way radio and accessory rentals are perfect for oil and gas turnarounds, big events, sporting games and tournaments, conferences, concerts, trade shows, festivals, and so much more!
If you need a two-way radio rental in Samak, Utah, get in touch with CommUSA today to find out how we can make your project a huge success.
No two-way radio system is complete without the portable and mobile accessories that turn standard communications into a system custom-made for your business model. That's why CommUSA also offers the widest selection of portable and mobile two-way radio accessories in Samak, Utah.
Our large assortment of brands includes Motorola, Pryme, Impact, Klein, Otto Engineering, and David Clark. We handpick each of our partners to ensure we're giving you the most reliable and durable two-way radio accessories around. Plus, many of our accessories are certified intrinsically safe, making them ideal for even the most hazardous jobs.
Check out some of our most popular accessories to add to your two-way radio system:
CommUSA has replacement batteries for Motorola two-way radios in Samak, Utah. They're "Proven Tough" and are Accelerated Life Testing-approved. Designed to withstand even the harshest conditions, we always recommend getting your Motorola two-way radio battery replacement from CommUSA.
Our top Motorola battery models include the NTN4497DR, PMNN4491B, PMNN4544A, PMNN4077D, PMNN4489D, and the PMNN4071AR.
With a two-way radio headset from CommUSA, you can use your mobile or portable two-way radio hands-free. Extend the life of your two-way radio and communicate discreetly with our single muff, dual muff, heavy-duty, noise-canceling, hard hat, and behind-the-head two-way radio headsets.
Browse our best-selling headsets like the RMN4016, HMN9021, and HMN9013.
Your two-way radios are valuable. Keep them safe with two-way radio mics that offer secure and hands-free convenience. We carry remote mics, speaker mics, and shoulder mics, including the PMMN4025A, PMMN4040A, PMMN4013A, PMMN4071A, and PMMN4050A.
Don't forget about your mobile! We have external speakers and loudspeakers for your two-way radio mobile plus desktop or telephone-style mobile base microphones for more convenient communications.
For those Samak, Utah jobs where discretion is vital, CommUSA carries two-way radio earpieces. Check out our top earpieces with push-to-talk mics like the PMLN6532A, PMLN5727A, and the PMLN7189A.
We also carry surveillance kits. Our top sellers include the PMLN6530A, PMLN7157A, PMLN7269A, and the PMLN6129A.
With one charging session on our Motorola portable two-way radio chargers, your two-way radio charge can last up to three shifts. Browse our single-unit, multi-unit, and bank chargers compatible with most Motorola two-way radio models. For example, our PMLN6588A is a 6-bank charger ideal for all your CP series portable two-way radios.
Or browse our IMPRES chargers like the 6-slot PMPN4284A. These chargers utilize a battery reconditioning system to keep batteries working better for longer.
Don't forget to grab an Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)! Our UPS devices will keep your two-way radios up and running even during power surges and outages.
CommUSA also carries nylon and leather carry cases, belt clips, holsters, chest packs, and shoulder harness to ensure your portable two-way radio stays safe and close at hand.
Need an antenna to extend the range of your mobile or base station radio? Ask us about our many available antenna options from glass mount, roof mount or high gain-extended range antennas. Or if you need an antenna for your portable two-way radio, check out our stubby and whip antenna options.
Today, many organizations in Samak, Utah rely on mobile phones to stay connected. Yet, when you need a cheaper, more reliable method of communication, cell phones just won't cut it— you need an inexpensive two-way radio system from CommUSA.
Our entry-level two-way radios provide a lower total cost of ownership than cell phones. You don't have to pay for service or data, and training costs are virtually non-existent. Plus, with restrictions on who your employees can reach out to, you're ensuring a more productive workforce. When time equals money, that's hundreds to thousands of dollars saved each year.
Best of all these radios are small, lightweight and simple to use. They're suited for retail spaces, places of worship like churches, synagogues, mosques and temples, apartment complexes, contractor and builder sites, offices, small commercial buildings, small distribution centers, restaurants, night clubs, motels, small hotels and more. Whether you offer curbside pickup to your customers or simply need a fast, efficient way to communicate to the back of your store or restaurant, our collection of Motorola Two-Way radios are perfect for your team.
We offer the largest selection of value-priced portable two-way radios for sale and rent in Samak, Utah, including:
All of these Motorola light-duty two-way radio models are compact and contain only those features you need for short, rapid communication. That's why we can offer them to you at a lower price point.
Don't let that fool you into thinking you're getting anything less than the best customer service from CommUSA. We always guarantee the same incredible service, whether you're purchasing, renting, or taking advantage of our incredible deals on two-way radios.
If value matters most to your Samak, Utah business, we have an inexpensive portable two-way radio for your needs. Check out our high-value models now and start saving with a two-way radio communication system from CommUSA!


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Containers and callouts in Visio
Containers are a convenient way to visually group your shapes together and then easily work with that group. Callouts provide a simple mechanism to attach text to a shape. We've improved both in the new Visio. Specifically, there are more shapes to give you increased flexibility to express your information. We also updated our old and new shapes with themes, so you have many choices for customizing the look and feel of your diagram to your audience. Lastly, we streamlined the insert menus and the heading styles menu to make it easier to find, select and customize the shape you want.
Inserting containers and callouts
Before we talk about the improvements we've made, here's a quick refresher on how to use containers and callouts. You can add either one to your diagram using the insert tab of the ribbon:
If you have a set of shapes selected when you insert the container, it will automatically size itself to include all of those shapes. Likewise, if you have a single shape selected when you insert a callout, the callout will be automatically attached. Take advantage of those shortcuts–they can save a lot of time!
New containers
Visio already had a useful set of simple containers. We augmented our existing containers with seven more which range from subdued to assertive. The best way to talk about what you can do with these shapes is by showing some diagrams, so here are a few examples.
This org chart uses containers to denote virtual teams within an organization.
This diagram outlines an onboarding process, using the Waves container as its background. This could be helpful in differentiating the process diagram from other elements if it was placed into a larger dashboard:
This is a sample process for approving a manufacturing bid. A container has been used as a frame for the process and two containers with green title bars were used to denote sub-processes based on the outcome of the initial bid from the manufacturer:
You can see all the containers in the product just by clicking on the Insert tab and then on the Containers button. Here are the seven new containers we added this version:
New callouts
The new Visio also has an expanded set of callouts. Like containers, we wanted to include callouts that had stronger stylistic or semantic meaning, to make it easier to express exactly what you wanted. We included seven new callouts in the product, which you can see here:
Here is an example of using those callouts in the onboarding process we looked at earlier. In this case, the callouts are positioned to appear as annotation information on the diagram, and the shape of the callout indicates what sort of information it contains:
Here is the bid process diagram with some callouts added. In this case, the information in the callouts is more central to the use of the diagram. As such, a more assertive callout (orb) and stronger formatting have been used to make them stand out:
Theme integration
It was a major goal in the new Visio for all our content to respond well to themes. In colorful themes, we wanted the diagram to automatically become colorful. In subdued themes, we aimed for more monochromatic. To that end, we included a lot of special smarts into these shapes to make them respond really well to themes. Here's some examples of the kind of changes you can see just by switching your theme. Each column represents a different theme applied to the same shapes.
You will notice above that there are some geometry changes as a result of switching themes, not just formatting. Containers and Callouts take advantage of the embellishments feature available under the Variations gallery:
The embellishment level of a theme controls the geometry of some shapes. For shapes which use embellishment levels, a high embellishment means the shape should take on a more decorative appearance. A low embellishment means the shape should take on a more minimal appearance.
Many of the display styles for containers and callouts that were previously available directly from the Insert menu or from the Heading styles menu on the Containers tab are now available through embellishment levels. By tying this functionality to themes, we could reduce the number of options shown in the Insert menus and the heading styles menu, which made the menus a lot more approachable. Using embellishment levels also allowed us to make themes even more effective in their application of style to the diagram overall. In a single theme switch, see how our manufacturing process diagram can change from this:
To this more embellished look:
To a more simplified look:
All while effectively communicating the same information in a stylish and professional manner.
So, as you can see, the new containers and callouts we've added give you more options for expressing your information in Visio. And, like our other shapes, they look professional and respond well to themes – making it easy for you to add your personal touch and style to any diagram you make.

subset: commoncrawl


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Locations Marked: 73148 | Rooms Tracked: 12132 | Rooms with Climate/Terrain Data: 8682
Welcome to GS4 Room Data. Using this system you can find and mark locations for foragables in GS4, the MMORPG online roleplaying game by Simutronics. Also you can view more room details such as Climate & Terrain as well as more herb details. Anyone can add an herb location, but only registered rangers can add climate & terrain data. If you're a ranger and would like to register please email me at virilneus@ this website. Thanks to Tsoran for the maps.
Buy My Stuff: | Awesome Wiz/Sorc Enhancives: All Levels, Scripted, Non-Crumbly +5 MIU Anklet 300k. +5 EMC bracelet (wear two) 350k. +5 Arcane Symbols anklet 400k. +5 Demonology wristcuff (wear two - helps with balefire) 400k. +5 Necromancy bangle (wear two) 400k. Enhancive Gloves Enhance Spell Aiming & Weapon Skills. Increase your AS without using up a prime slot. Noncrumbly, rechargable. Spell Aiming Two Handers Edged Weapons Brawling Thrown Ranged |
Who would believe a standard training plan for clerics should include elemental lore? Find out! ...read more |
TOWNS: | Icemule Trace | Mist Harbor | River's Rest | Ta'Illistim | Ta'Vaalor | Teras Isle | Vornavis | Wehnimer's Landing | Zul Logoth | |
MAPS: | homes5 | VO-caravansary | VO-foggy-valley | VO-north-beach | VO-solhaven | VO-outlands | VO-trail | |


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Many times I hear folks say that they want to practice on their own, and not join in a Buddhist Community, because doing so gets in the way of their own practicing and sitting. They say that other people or having a teacher are a distraction, take up "my" precious time, are not a benefit to "me".
Well, I say: Don't be a selfish sitter, a Pratyeka-buddha.
There is an obligation, a face of the Bodhisattva Vow and taking refuge in Sangha, to support the Practice of others and not to be a Pratyeka-buddha. Ours is a Path beyond one's personal needs and wants. It is not a matter simply about what "I" want, what "I" need to do or learn, staring into my own navel.
It is much like family and children, who we tend to and spend time with ... whether we selfishly always want to or not, and whether or not we would rather run away. Community activity is vital. Sure, there is a place for "time alone" (whether in my "man cave" in the house or my "Bodhidharma cave" in the mountains), but in the end we have a duty to the community ... and to ourself ... to help and be together.Pratyeka-buddha:
In Buddhism, one who attains enlightenment through his own efforts rather than by listening to the teachings of a buddha. The way of the self-enlightened buddha was criticized in Mahayana Buddhism, which rejects the path of self-enlightenment as too limiting and embraces the ideal of the Bodhisattva, who postpones final enlightenment to work for the rescue of others.
Self and other are 'not two', and the community leaves us all stronger.


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Estimated read time: 2-3 minutes
This archived news story is available only for your personal, non-commercial use. Information in the story may be outdated or superseded by additional information. Reading or replaying the story in its archived form does not constitute a republication of the story.
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (AP) - In a story Dec. 2 about a woman shot after the Iron Bowl, The Associated Press misspelled the name of the victim's sister. Her name is Neketa Shepherd, not Nekesa.
A corrected version of the story is below:
Sister: Deadly shooting was over `Bama loss
Woman shot dead after Iron Bowl game; sister says person charged was upset over Alabama loss
By JAY REEVES
Associated Press
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (AP) _ A woman charged with killing a fellow Alabama fan after the end of last weekend's Iron Bowl football game was angry that the victim and others didn't seem upset over the Crimson Tide's loss to archrival Auburn, said the sister of the slain woman.
Adrian Laroze Briskey, 28, was charged Monday with murder in the killing of 36-year-old Michelle Shepherd.
Hoover police Capt. Jim Coker said both Birmingham women were Alabama fans and at the same party for the annual game between intrastate rivals. With no time left on the clock, Auburn returned a missed Crimson Tide field goal more than 100 yards for a 34-28 victory, dashing any hopes of Alabama playing for a third straight national championship.
The victim's sister, Neketa Shepherd, said she witnessed the killing and had no doubt it was about football, even though it was unclear to investigators whether the violence was motivated by the game.
"That's one of the things we are investigating," Coker said Monday.
Neketa Shepherd said Briskey flew into a rage when she saw the sisters and others joking that the Crimson Tide's loss wasn't as bad as if the NBA's Miami Heat had lost a game.
"She said we weren't real Alabama fans because it didn't bother us that they lost. And then she started shooting," Shepherd told The Associated Press.
Shepherd said she and her sister were invited to the party by a mutual friend who also invited Briskey. About two dozen people were on hand.
Shepherd, the mother of three, was shot to death in the parking lot of an apartment complex in the Birmingham suburb of Hoover and the women did not know each other before the party, Coker said.
Court records were not available to show whether Briskey has a lawyer. She has only had a couple of speeding tickets in the past, records show.
Coker said alcohol might have been involved, but investigators are awaiting the results of toxicology tests to make a determination.
Shepherd said Briskey drank multiple shots of liquor during the game and "went crazy" when she heard people joking after 'Bama lost.
"It was over a football game," said Shepherd. "I'm never going to forget it because she died in my arms."
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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94% Female politicians
So, you have been playing 94% game and got stuck at the question 94% Female politicians? Don't worry in our website you will find all the answers.
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94% Female politicians
- Hillary Clinton – 47%
- Theresa May – 18%
- Nancy Pelosi – 10%
- Margaret Thatcher – 8%
- Angela Merkel – 7%
- Julia Gillard – 4%
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- 94% Actresses
- 94% Children with a banner picture
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If Sandra Bermann, Princeton's Cotsen Professor of the Humanities and professor of comparative literature, had to pick her favorite love poetry, it would be Shakespeare's sonnets. "I have loved them the most over the longest time for the range of emotion, theme and wit they reveal," she said. "Among those 154 poems, Sonnet 116, 'Let me not to the marriage of true minds,' still speaks to me with particular power."
Bermann, who enjoys reading love poetry "from as many parts of the planet as possible," had plenty of time to immerse herself not only in Shakespeare's sonnets, but also in the entire history of love poetry, in order to write a completely reconceived entry on the subject for the Princeton University Press' new edition of "The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics," edited by Roland Greene and Stephen Cushman.
Bermann is one of 11 Princeton professors — among hundreds of contributors from all over the world — who wrote entries for the revision, only the fourth in more than four decades.
Peter Dougherty, director of Princeton University Press, which published the first edition in 1965, likened the job to "renovating a cathedral." The third edition was published nearly 20 years ago and the completion of the fourth edition — a slim 1,664 pages — has taken six years. "The new edition is considered a singular event in the humanities. It represents a statement of where the fields of poetry and literature are in the 21st century," Dougherty said.
Princeton poet Susan Stewart, the Avalon Foundation University Professor in the Humanities, calls the book "a compendium of all culture."
When Bermann set out to write her entry, she knew she would have to decide carefully what to include in her 6,000-word essay. "Since there is no way to detail all the many sorts of love poetry that have existed across the globe from earliest times to the present, I decided to offer some broader conceptions of the genre, as well as a number of more localized conventions, themes and examples. I wanted the piece to be informative and intriguing, encouraging the reader to explore this delightful topic independently," she said.
A "trailer" for her entry might be pulled from the thematic overview section, which begins: "Love poetry imaginatively presents the vicissitudes of that human emotion we call love. But what is love? Is it sexual pleasure, passionate desire, religious enlightenment, joyful connection to another, a painful disruption and reconstruction of self, or a cherishing of another human being? Is it idealized or sexual, public or private, a sickness unto death or an exhilarating rebirth of the mind and the senses? If we are to believe the poets, it is all of these and more."
Martin Kern, a professor of East Asian studies, wrote one of the 250 new entries, out of more than 1,100 in the book. An expert in ancient Chinese literature, Kern wrote on the Chuci ("Lyrics of Chu"), an anthology of southern Chinese poetry that contains songs from the third century B.C.E. through the second century C.E. and is one of the two principal sources of ancient Chinese poetry.
"Adding an entry on the ancient 'Lyrics of Chu' strikes me as utterly meaningful," Kern said. "For the last two millennia the Chuci — a poetry of spectacular beauty and sophistication that speaks inexhaustibly to the human condition — has exerted enormous influence on the literatures not only of China but of East Asia altogether."
Other Princeton professors who contributed to the book are (their entries appear in parentheses):
• Margaret Beissinger, research scholar and lecturer, Slavic languages and literatures (oral poetry; Romani poetry);
• Claudia Brodsky, professor of comparative literature (romantic and postromantic poetry and poetics);
• Jeff Dolven, associate professor of English (Spenserian stanza; style);
• Sophie Gee, associate professor of English (bathos);
• Meredith Martin, associate professor of English (estampida, ploce, prose rhythm, quatrain, quintain);
• François Rigolot, the Meredith Howland Pyne Professor of French Literature (Pléiade);
• Michael Wachtel, professor and chair of Slavic languages and literatures (symbolism);
• Susan Wolfson, professor of English (form); and
• Eliza Zingesser, a graduate student in the Department of French and Italian (dit; planctus).
"The new edition incorporates a vast array of new knowledge from cultures around the world — especially emerging nations — and from new forms of expression," Dougherty said.
One of those new forms is electronic poetry, also called e-poetry and digital poetry, which, the entry explains, is created "using personal computers as platforms for compositions intended to be encountered and experienced in native digital format…. Electronic poems typically include one or more of the following: multimedia, animation, sound effects or soundtracks, reader interaction in the form of choices or other participatory features, and automated behaviors."
Another new entry is poetry slam, "A contest in which poets compete against each other with judges (chosen at random from the audience) assigning a score to each performance on a scale of one to 10 to determine the winner."
"The team of editors carefully evaluated what to keep, what to drop and what to add or change to make the book even more useful to 21st-century readers," said Anne Savarese, executive editor, reference, at Princeton University Press, who served as the acquiring editor for the new edition.
The revised encyclopedia now includes articles on the poetries of more than 110 nations, regions and languages, with expanded coverage of poetries of the non-Western and developing worlds. "Poetry is a profoundly global art form, and the new edition captures the excitement of this worldwide phenomenon," Dougherty said.


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There was a 14,000 decline in the number of people filing first-time claims for unemployment insurance last week, the Employment and Training Administration just reported:
"In the week ending March 10, the advance figure for seasonally adjusted initial claims was 351,000, a decrease of 14,000 from the previous week's revised figure of 365,000. The 4-week moving average was 355,750, unchanged from the previous week's revised average of 355,750."
At 351,000, claims remain at a four-year low.
Also just in:
Wholesale prices rose 0.4 percent in February from January, the Bureau of Labor Statistics says.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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The Black Beauty |
If the recently released trailer is a decent representation of what to expect from the film, it's going to be a hit, and The Black Beauty will be its star.
The Green Hornet stars Seth Rogen, Cameron Diaz, Jay Chao, Tom Wilkinson, and Academy Award-winner Christoph Waltz in what can be described as an "origin" picture which will explain how The Green Hornet came to be. Here's the video trailer:
While the movie is obviously set in modern America, what remains as the connection to its 1960s TV past is the Chrysler Imperial that is converted to become The Black Beauty. It's a car that Chrysler should make for purchase today (without the machine guns, of course); it would turn around that car maker's fortunes overnight.
As was the case when a kid, I'll see The Green Hornet for the car first, then for Cameron Diaz.
Rock the Casbah!


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The owner of Madison's new Snuggle House has decided to shut it down just three weeks after it opened, choosing to pack up his pillows and beds under intense scrutiny from city officials who questioned whether the place was a front for a brothel.
The business announced its closure on Facebook late Friday evening. Timothy Casper, the owner's attorney, confirmed the closure to The Associated Press on Monday, saying Matthew Hurtado was sick of the city harassing him and negative publicity.
"He's tired of people taking potshots at him," Casper said. "He doesn't need that."
The Snuggle House, part of a growing trend of touch therapy establishments and cuddle parties around the country, was located above a bar about a block from the state Capitol. It offered customers an hour of cuddling in a bed with a professional snuggler for $60.
The place got off to a rough start, even in uber-liberal Madison. The business's original October opening got pushed back to mid-November after city officials raised concerns about whether it was really a front for prostitution and the potential for sexual assaults. They also questioned why Hurtado, who has filed for bankruptcy twice, had no business plan and no business insurance.
Hurtado developed a policy manual forbidding sex during snuggle sessions, installed security cameras and a panic button in each snuggle room, and promised to perform background checks on clients, city attorney Jennifer Zilavy said.
Meanwhile, police said they planned to run a sting operation at the business, sending in an officer posing as a customer to test the establishment's boundaries, and Zilavy began work on a new ordinance regulating the business. A number of media outlets, including The Associated Press, ran stories about the city's concerns.
Casper said the place had two or three dozen customers in the three weeks it was open, but that Hurtado had had enough.
"All of this is so slanted and incorrect," Casper said.
Police Lt. David McCaw said the agency never received any complaints alleging criminal activity at the Snuggle House. He denied that officers had harassed the business, saying on its face, at least, the business was legal. He said he told Hurtado and Casper that the agency was planning a sting.
"That's just what we do, for drugs, bars, anywhere we think it's beneficial," McCaw said. "We do it all the time. You can't expect that's not going to happen to you."
Zilavy also denied hounding the business. But she said the city had to make sure the Snuggle House didn't devolve in a house of prostitution. She said Hurtado told her in a phone conversation before the Snuggle House opened that he was contemplating not going forward because of all the negative public reaction.
She promised to continue drafting an ordinance addressing touch businesses.
"If nothing else, the Snuggle House made us aware that we don't have any regulations specific to that type of business and for the health and safety of our community, we should," she said in an email to The AP.
Casper said Hurtado hopes to sublet the Snuggle House's space and give away its furniture. He said Hurtado didn't open the business to make money. He got the idea when he was in the hospital suffering from Lyme's disease and people were poking and prodding him.
"He often thought," Casper said, "it would be nice if someone came in and gave him a hug."


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Note: This is largely the same explanation as for the last two years.
For the past several years I have been posting Excel spreadsheets with sabermetric stats like RC for regular players on my website. I have not been doing this because I think it is a unique thing that nobody else does--Hardball Times, Baseball Prospectus, and other sites have similar data available. However, since I figure my own stats for myself anyway, I figured I might as well post it on the net.
This year, I am not putting out Excel spreadsheets, but I will have Google Spreadsheets that I will link to from this blog. If you would prefer an Excel copy of the spreadsheets, all you have to do is change the end of the link from "=html" to "=xls". What I wanted to do here is a quick run down of the methodology used. These will be added as they are completed; as I post this, there are none, but by the end of the week they should start popping up.
First, I should acknowledge that the primary data source is Doug's Stats, and that park data for past seasons comes from KJOK's park database. Baseball-Reference.com and ESPN.com round out the sources.
The general philosophy of these stats is to do what is easiest while not being too imprecise, unless you can do something just a little bit more complex and be more precise. Or at least it used to be. Then I decided to put my money where my mouth was on the matter of Base Runs for pitchers and teams and Pythagenpat. On the other hand, using ERP as the run estimator is not optimal--I could, in lieu of having empirical linear weights for 2009, use Base Runs or another approach to generate custom linear weights. I have decided that does not constitute a worthwhile improvement. Others might disagree, and that's alright. I'm not claiming that any of these numbers are the state of the art or cannot be improved upon.
First, the team report. I list Park Factor (PF), Winning %, Expected Winning % (EW%), Predicted Winning % (PW%), Wins, Losses, Runs, Runs Allowed, Runs Created (RC), Runs Created Allowed (RCA), Runs/Game (R/G), Runs Allowed/Game (RA/G), Runs Created per Game (RCG), and Runs Created Allowed per Game (RCAG):
EW% is based on runs and runs allowed in Pythagenpat, with the exponent = RPG^.29. PW% is based on runs created and runs created allowed in Pythagenpat.
Runs Created and Runs Created Allowed are both based on a simple Base Runs formula. For the offense, the formula is:
For the defense:
C = AB - H (approximated as IP*2.82, or whatever the league (AB-H)/IP average is)
Of course, these are both put together, like all BsR, as A*B/(B + C) + D. The only difference between the formulas is that I include SB and CS for the offense, but don't want to waste time scrounging up stolen bases allowed for the defense.
R/G, RA/G, RCG, and RCAG are all calculated straightforwardly by dividing by games, then park adjusted by dividing by park factor. Ideally, I would use outs as the denominator, but for teams, outs and games are so closely related that I don't think it's worth the extra effort.
Next, we have park factors. I have explained the methodology used to figure the PFs before, but the cliff's notes version is that they are based on five years of data when applicable, include both runs scored and allowed, and they are regressed towards average (PF = 1), with the amount of regression varying based on the number of years of data used. There are factors for both runs and home runs. The initial PF (unshown) is:
iPF = (H*T/(R*(T - 1) + H) + 1)/2
where H = RPG in home games, R = RPG in road games, T = # teams in league (14 for AL and 16 for NL). Then the iPF is converted to the PF by taking 1- (1-iPF)*x, where x = .6 if one year of data is used, .7 for 2, .8 for 3, and .9 for 4+.
It is important to note, since there always seems to be confusion about this, that these park factors already incorporate the fact that the average player plays 50% on the road and 50% at home. That is what the adding one and dividing by 2 in the iPF is all about. So if I list Fenway Park with a 1.02 PF, that means that it actually increases RPG by 4%.
In the calculation of the PFs, I did not get picky and take out "home" games that were actually at neutral sites, like the Astros/Cubs series that was moved to Milwaukee in 2008.
I also offer a league report, for which some explanation is necessary. The advent of interleague play has created two different sets of league totals--one for the offense of league teams and one for the defense of league teams. Before interleague play, these two were identical. I do not present both sets of totals (you can figure the defensive ones yourself from the team spreadsheet, if you desire), just those for the offenses. The exception is for the defense-specific statistics, like innings pitched and quality starts. The figures for those categories in the league report are for the defenses of the league's teams.
Next is the relief pitchers report. I defined a starting pitcher as one with 15 or more starts. All other pitchers are eligible to be included as a reliever. If a pitcher has 40 appearances, then they are included. Additionally, if a pitcher has 50 innings and less than 50% of his appearances are starts, he is also included as a reliever (this allows some swingmen type pitchers who wouldn't meet either the minimum start or appearance standards to get in).
For all of the player reports, ages are based on simply subtracting their year of birth from 2009. I realize that this is not compatible with how ages are usually listed and so "Age 27" doesn't necessarily correspond to age 27 as I list it, but it makes everything a heckuva lot easier, and I am more interested in comparing the ages of the players to their contemporaries, for which case it makes very little difference.
Anyway, for relievers, the statistical categories are Games, Innings Pitched, Run Average (RA), Relief Run Average (RRA), Earned Run Average (ERA), Estimated Run Average (eRA), DIPS-style estimated Run Average (dRA), Guess-Future (G-F), Strike Zone ERA (szERA), Inherited Runners per Game (IR/G), Inherited Runs Saved (IRSV), hits per ball in play (%H), Runs Above Average (RAA), and Runs Above Replacement (RAR).
All of the run averages are park adjusted with the exception of szERA. RA is R*9/IP, and you know ERA. Relief Run Average subtracts IRSV from runs allowed, and thus is (R - IRSV)*9/IP; it was published in By the Numbers by Sky Andrecheck. eRA, dRA, %H, and RAA will be explained in the starters section.
Guess-Future is a JUNK STAT. G-F is A JUNK STAT. I just wanted to make that clear so that no anonymous commentator posts that without any explanation. It is just something that I have used for some time that combines eRA and strikeout rate into a unitless number. As a rule of thumb, anything under 4 is pretty good. I include it not because I think it is meaningful, but because it is a number that I have been looking at for some time and still like to, despite the fact that it is a JUNK STAT. JUNK STATS can be fun as long as you recognize them for what they are. G-F = 4.46 + .095(eRA) - .113(KG), where KG is strikeouts per 9 innings. JUNK STAT JUNK STAT JUNK STAT JUNK STAT JUNK STAT
Inherited Runners per Game is per relief appearance (G - GS); it is an interesting thing to look at, I think, in lieu of actual leverage data. You can see which closers come in with runners on base, and which are used nearly exclusively to start innings. Of course, you can't infer too much; there are bad relievers who come in with a lot of people on base, not because they are being used in high leverage situations, but because they are long men or what have you. I think it's mildly interesting, so I include it.
Inherited Runs Saved is the difference between the number of inherited runs the reliever allowed to score, subtracted from the number of inherited runs an average reliever would have allowed to score, given the same number of inherited runners. I do not park adjust this figure. Of course, the way I am doing it is without regard to which base the runners were on, which of course is a very important thing to know. Obviously, with a lot of these reliever measures are superfluous if you have access to WPA and LI data and the like.
IRSV = Inherited Runners*League % Stranded - Inherited Runs Scored
Runs Above Replacement is a comparison of the pitcher to a replacement level reliever, which is assumed to be a .450 pitcher, or as I would prefer to say, one who allows runs at 111% of the league average. So the formula is (1.11*N - RRA)*IP/9, where N is league runs/game. Runs Above Average is simply (N - RRA)*IP/9. Note that RAR compares the reliever to a replacement-level pitcher, while RAA compares him to an average pitcher regardless of role, not to an average relief pitcher.
On to the starting pitchers. The categories are Wins, Losses, Innings Pitched, Run Average, ERA, eRA, dRA, KG, szERA, G-F, %H, Neutral W% (NW%), Quality Start% (QS%), RAA, and RAR.
The run averages (RA, ERA, eRA, dRA) are all park-adjusted except for szERA, simply by dividing by park factor.
eRA is figured by plugging the pitcher's stats into the Base Runs formula above (the one not including SB and CS that is used for estimating team runs allowed), multiplying the estimated runs by nine and dividing by innings.
dRA is a DIPS method (which of course means that Voros McCracken is the true developer), using Base Runs as the run estimator. This is overkill, since a DIPS estimator like FIP will work just fine, but I decided to use Base Runs wherever I could this year. To find, it first estimate PA as IP*x + H + W, where x = Lg(AB-H)/IP. Then, find %K (K/PA), %W (W/PA), %HR (HR/PA), and BIP% = 1- %K - %W - %HR. Next, find estimated %H (which I will just call %H for the sake of this explanation, but it is not the same as the %H displayed in the stats. That is the pitcher's actual rate, (H-HR)/(estimated PA-W-K-HR)) as BIP%*Lg%H.
Then you use BsR to find the new estimated RA:
B = (2*(%H*Lg(TB-4*HR)/(H-HR) + 4*%HR) - %H - 5*%HR + .05*%W)*.78
dRA = (A*B/(B+C) + D)/C*25.2/PF
Yes, it's true that pitchers do have some control over their BABIP, and presenting a DIPS run average here is in no way intended to deny that fact. Even if there was no insight to DIPS whatsoever, though, I still think that a DIPS run average would be an interesting freak show statistic, as it only considers the three true outcomes. To restate my point, even if Voros' insight has no analytical utility (and I don't think anyone worth listening to has staked out such an extreme position), it would still be worth some kicks to ignore defense-influenced events.
szERA is a Tango Tiger creation which uses only the difference between strikeouts and walks per PA to estimate ERA. I have not used actual PA here but instead have estimated PA as (IP*x + H + W) as in dRA above, giving this formula for szERA (which is not park-adjusted):
szERA = 5.4 - 12*(K-W)/(IP*x + H + W)
Neutral Winning Percentage is the pitcher's winning percentage adjusted for the quality of his team. It makes the assumption that all teams are perfectly balanced between offense and defense, and then projects what the pitcher's W% would be on an average team. I do not place a lot of faith in anything based on wins and losses, of course, and particularly not for a one-year sample. In the long run, we would expect pitchers to pitch for fairly balanced teams and for run support for an individual to be approximately the same as for the pitching staff as a whole. For individual seasons, we know that things are not going to even out.
I used to use Run Support to compare a pitcher's W% to what he would have been expected to earn, but now I have decided that is more trouble than it is worth. RS can be a pain to run down, and I don't put a lot of stock in the resulting figures anyway. So why bother? NW% = W% - (Mate + .5)/2 + .25, where Mate is (Team Wins - Pitcher Wins)/(Team Decisions - Pitcher Decisions).
Likewise, I include Quality Start Percentage (which of course is just QS/GS) only because my data source (Doug's Stats) includes them. As for RAA and RAR for starters, RAA = (N - RA)*IP/9, and RAR = (1.25*N - RA)*IP/9.
For hitters with 300 or more PA, I list Games (G), Plate Appearances (PA), Outs (O), Batting Average (BA), On Base Average (OBA), Slugging Average (SLG), Runs Created (RC), Runs Created per Game (RG), Secondary Average (SEC), Speed Unit (SU), Hitting Runs Above Average (HRAA), Runs Above Average (RAA), Hitting Runs Above Replacement (HRAR), and Runs Above Replacement (RAR).
I do not bother to include hit batters, so take note of that for players who do get plunked a lot. Therefore, PA are simply AB + W. Outs are AB - H + CS. BA and SLG you know, but remember that without HB and SF, OBA is just (H + W)/(AB + W). Secondary Average = (TB - H + W)/AB. I have not included net steals as many people (and Bill James himself) do--it is solely hitting events.
For the last two season, the park adjustment method I've used for BA, OBA, SLG, and SEC has been based on the same principle as the "Willie Davis method" introduced by Bill James in the New Historical Baseball Abstract. The idea is to deflate all of the positive offensive events by a constant percentage in order to make the new runs created estimate from those stats equal to the park adjusted runs created we get from the player's actual stats. I based it on the run estimator (ERP) that I use here instead of RC.
However, this year I have decided that this is really not necessary. One can obtain similar results by just using the square root of park factor, and while the Willie Davis method is clever and elegant, it's still an approximation that has its accuracy constrained by the accuracy of the run estimator itself. The square root adjustment is much quicker and again, the results will be similar.
Next up is Runs Created, which as previously mentioned is actually Paul Johnson's ERP. Ideally, I would use a custom linear weights formula for the given league, but ERP is just so darn simple and close to the mark that it's hard to pass up. I still use the term "RC" partially as a homage to Bill James (seriously, I really like and respect him even if I've said negative things about RC and Win Shares), and also because it is just a good term. I like the thought put in your head when you hear "creating" a run better than "producing", "manufacturing", "generating", etc. to say nothing of names like "equivalent" or "extrapolated" runs. None of that is said to put down the creators of those methods--there just aren't a lot of good, unique names available. Anyway, RC = (TB + .8H + W + .7SB - CS - .3AB)*.322.
RC is park adjusted by dividing by PF, making all of the value stats that follow park adjusted as well. RG, the rate, is RC/O*25.5. I do not believe that outs are the proper denominator for an individual rate stat, but I also do not believe that the distortions caused are that bad. (I still intend to finish my rate stat series and discuss all of the options in excruciating detail, but alas you'll have to take my word for it now).
Speed Unit is my own take on a "speed skill" estimator ala Speed Score. I AM NOT CLAIMING THAT IT IS BETTER THAN SPEED SCORE. I don't use Speed Score because I always like to make up my own crap whenever possible (while of course recognizing that others did it first and better), because some of the categories aren't readily available, and because I don't want to mess with square roots. Anyway, it considers four categories: runs per time on base, stolen base percentage (using Bill James' technique of adding 3 to the numerator and 7 to the denominator), stolen base frequency (steal attempts per time on base), and triples per ball in play. These are then converted to a pseudo Z-score in each category, and are on a 0-100 scale. I will not reprint the formula here, but I have written about it before here. I AM NOT CLAIMING THAT IT IS BETTER THAN SPEED SCORE. I AM NOT CLAIMING THAT IT IS AS GOOD AS SPEED SCORE.
There are a whopping four categories that compare to a baseline; two for average, two for replacement. Hitting RAA compares to a league average hitter; it is in the vein of Pete Palmer's Batting Runs. RAA compares to an average hitter at the player's primary position. Hitting RAR compares to a "replacement level" hitter; RAR compares to a replacement level hitter at the player's primary position. The formulas are:
PADJ is the position adjustment, and it is based on 1992-2001 offensive data. For catchers it is .89; for 1B/DH, 1.19; for 2B, .93; for 3B, 1.01; for SS, .86; for LF/RF, 1.12; and for CF, 1.02.
How do I deal with players who split time between teams? I assign all of their statistics to the team with which they played more, even if this means it is across leagues. This is obviously the lazy way out; the optimal thing would be to look at the performance with the teams separately, and then sum them up.
You can stop reading now if you just want to know how the numbers were calculated. The rest of this post will be of a rambling nature and will discuss the underpinnings behind the choices I have made on matters like park adjustments, positional adjustments, run to win converters, and replacement levels.
First of all, the term "replacement level" is obnoxious, because everyone brings their preconceptions to the table about what that means, and people end up talking past each other. Unfortunately, that ship has sailed, and the term "replacement level" is not going away. Secondly, I am not really a believer in replacement level. I don't deny that it is a valid concept, or that comparisons to replacement level can be useful for answering certain questions. I just don't believe that replacement level is clearly the correct baseline. I also don't believe that it's clearly NOT the correct baseline, and since most sabermetricians use it, I go along with the crowd in this case.
The way that reads is probably too wishy-washy; I do think that it is PROBABLY the correct choice. There are few things in sabermetrics that I am 100% sure of, though, and this is certainly not one of them.
I have used distinct replacement levels for batters, starters, and relievers. For batters, it is 73% of the league RG, or since replacement levels are often discussed in these terms, a .350 W% (at least using a conventional Pythagorean exponent of two). For starters, I used 125% of the league RA or a .390 W%. For relievers, I used 111% of the league RA or a .450 W%. I am certainly not positive that any of these choices are "correct". I do think that it is extremely important to use different replacement levels for starters and relievers; Tango Tiger's work on reliever replacement level convinced me of this (he actually uses .380, .380, .470 as his baselines). Relievers have a natural RA advantage over starters, and thus their replacements will as well.
Now, park adjustments. Since I am concerned about the player's value last season, the proper type of PF to use is definitely one based on runs. Given that, there are still two paths you can go down. One is to park adjust the player's statistics; the other is to park adjust the league or replacement statistics when you plug in to a RAA or RAR formula. I go with the first option, because it is more useful to have adjusted RC or adjusted RA, ERA, etc. than to only have the value stats adjusted. However, given a certain assumption about the run to win converter, the two approaches are equivalent.
Speaking of those RPW: David Smyth, in his Base Wins methodology, uses RPW = RPG. If the RPG is 9.4, then there are 9.4 runs per win. It is true that if you study marginal RPW for teams, the relationship is not linear. However, if you back up from the team and consider things in league context, one can make the case that the proper approach is the simple RPW = RPG.
Given that RPW = RPG, the two park factor approaches are equivalent. Suppose that we have a player in an extreme park (PF = 1.15, approximately like Coors Field) who has an 8 RG before adjusting for park, while making 350 outs in a 4.5 N league. The first method of park adjustment, the one I use, converts his value into a neutral park, so his RG is now 8/1.15 = 6.957. We can now compare him directly to the league average:
The second method would be to adjust the league context. If N = 4.5, then the average player in this park will create 4.5*1.15 = 5.175 runs. Now, to figure RAA, we can use the unadjusted RG of 8:
These are not the same, as you can obviously see. The reason for this is that they are in two different contexts. The first figure is in a 9 RPG (2*4.5) context; the second figure is in a 10.35 RPG (2*4.5*1.15) context. Runs have different values in different contexts; that is why we have RPW converters. If we convert to WAA (using RPW = RPG), then we have:
Once you convert to wins, the two approaches are equivalent. This is another advantage for the first approach: since after park adjusting, everyone in the league is in the same context, there is no need to convert to wins at all. Sure, you can convert to wins if you want. If you want to compare to performances from other seasons and other leagues, then you need to. But if all you want to do is compare Ryan Howard to Adrian Gonzalez to Joey Votto, there is no need to convert to wins. Personally, I think that stating something as +34 is a lot nicer than stating it as +3.8, if you can get away with it. None of this is to deny that wins are not the ultimate currency, but runs are directly related to wins, and so there is no difference in conclusion from using them if the RPW is the same for all players, which it is for a given league season coupled with park adjusting runs rather than context.
Finally, there is the matter of position adjustments. What I have done is apply an offensive positional adjustment to set a baseline for each player. A second baseman's RAA will be figured by comparing his RG to 93% of the league average, while a third baseman's will compare to 101%, etc. Replacement level is set at 73% of the estimated average for each position.
So what I am doing is comparing to a "replacement hitter at position". As Tango Tiger has pointed out, there is really no such thing as a "replacement hitter" or a "replacement fielder"--there are just replacement players. Every player is chosen because his total value, both hitting and fielding, is sufficient to justify his inclusion on the team. Segmenting it into hitting and fielding replacements is not realistic and causes mass confusion.
That being said, using "replacement hitter at position" does not cause too many distortions. It is not theoretically correct, but it is practically powerful. For one thing, most players, even those at key defensive positions, are chosen first and foremost for their offense. Empirical work by Keith Woolner has shown that the replacement level hitting performance is about the same for every position, relative to the positional average.
The offensive positional adjustment makes the inherent assumption that the average player at each position is equally valuable. I think that this is close to being true, but it is not quite true. The ideal approach would be to use a defensive positional adjustment, since the real difference between a first baseman and a shortstop is their defensive value. When you bat, all runs count the same, whether you create them as a first baseman or as a shortstop.
Figuring what the defensive positional adjustment should be, though, is easier said than done. Therefore, I use the offensive positional adjustment. So if you want to criticize that choice, or criticize the numbers that result, be my guest. But do not claim that I am holding this up as the correct analytical structure. I am holding it up as the most simple and straightforward structure that conforms to reality reasonably well, and because while the numbers may be flawed, they are at least based on an objective formula. If you feel comfortable with some other assumptions, please feel free to ignore mine.
One other note here is that since the offensive PADJ is a proxy for average defensive value by position, ideally it would be applied by tying it to defensive playing time. I have done it by outs, though. For example, shortstops have a PADJ of .86. If we assume that an average full-time player makes 10% of his team's outs (about 408 for a 162 game season with 25.5 O/G) and the league has a 4.75 N, the average shortstop is getting an adjustment of (1 - .86)*4.75/25.5*408 = +10.6 runs. However, I am distributing it based on player outs. If you have one shortstop who makes 350 outs and another who makes 425 outs, then the first player will be getting 9.1 runs while the second will be getting 11.1 runs, despite the fact that they may both be full-time players.
The reason I have taken this flawed path is because 1) it ties the position adjustment directly into the RAR formula rather then leaving it as something to subtract on the outside and more importantly 2) there's no straightforward way to do it. The best would probably be to use defensive innings--set the full-time player to X defensive innings, figure how Derek Jeter's innings compare to X, and adjust his PADJ accordingly. Games in the field or games played are dicey because they can cause distortion for defensive replacements. Plate Appearances avoid the problem that outs have of being highly related to player quality, but they still carry the illogic of basing it on offensive playing time. And of course the differences here are going to be fairly small (a few runs). That is not to say that this way is preferable, but it's not horrible either, at least as far as I can tell.
Given the inherent assumption of the offensive PADJ that all positions are equally valuable, once we have a player's RAR, we should account for his defensive value by adding on his runs above average relative to a player at his own position. If there is a shortstop out there who is -2 runs defensively versus an average shortstop, he is without a doubt a plus defensive player, and a more valuable defensive player than a first baseman who was +1 run better than an average first baseman. Regardless, since we have implicitly assumed that they are both average defensively for their position when RAR was calculated, the shortstop will see his value docked two runs. This DOES NOT MEAN that the shortstop has been penalized for his defense. The whole process of accounting for positional differences, going from hitting RAR to positional RAR, has benefited him.
It is with some misgivings that I publish "hitting RAR" at all, since I have already stated that there is no such thing as a replacement level hitter. It is useful to provide a low baseline total offensive evaluation that does not include position, though, and it can also be thought of as the theoretical value above replacement in a world in which nobody plays defense at all, yet players are still selected with defensive ability in mind. Imagine that you had to pick a team thinking you were going to play baseball as usual, but right before the game was about to start and your lineup was set, you found out that a third party was going to man the field for both teams I realize that scenario is contrived and absurd, but there is utility in having a measure that compares a player to a low baseline without bringing fielding into the mix.
The DH is a special case, and it caused a lot of confusion when my MVP post was linked at BTF once. Some of that confusion has to do with assuming that any runs above replacement methodology is the same as VORP from the Baseball Prospectus. Obviously there are similarities between my approach and VORP, but there also key differences. One key difference is that I use a better run estimator. Simple, humble old ERP is, in my opinion, a superior estimator to the complex MLV. I agree with almost all of the logic behind MLV--but using James' Runs Created as the estimator to fuel it is putting lipstick on a pig (this is a much more exciting way of putting it in the 2008 context, don't you think?).
The big difference, though, as it relates to the DH, is that VORP considers the DH to be a unique position, and I consider DHs as in the same pool as first baseman. The fact of the matter is that first baseman outhit DH. There is any number of potential explanations for this; DHs are often old or injured, hitting as a DH is harder than hitting as a position player, etc. Anyway, the exact procedure for VORP is propriety, but it is apparent that they use some sort of average DH production to set the DH replacement level. This makes the replacement level for a DH lower than the replacement level for a first baseman.
A couple of the aforementioned nimrods took the fact that VORP did this and assumed that my figures did as well. What I do is evaluate 1B and DH against the same replacement RG. This actually helps first baseman, since the DHs drag the average production of the pool down, thus resulting in a lower replacement level than I would get if I considered first baseman on their own. Contrary to what the chief nimrod thought, this is not "treating a 1B as a DH". It is "treating a 1B as a 1B/DH offensively".
It is true, however, that this method assumes that a 1B and a DH have equal defensive value. Obviously, a DH has no defensive value. What I advocate to correct this is to treat a DH as a bad defensive first baseman, and thus knock another five or ten runs off of his RAR for a full-time player. I do not incorporate this into the published numbers, but you should keep it in mind. However, there is no need to adjust the figures for first baseman upwards, despite what the nimrods might think--the only necessary adjustment is to take the DHs down a notch. The simple fact of the matter is that first baseman get higher RAR figures by being pooled with the DHs than they would otherwise.
Finally, I consider each player at his primary defensive position (defined as where he appears in the most games), and do not weight the PADJ by playing time. This does shortchange a player like Kevin Youkilis (who sees significant time at a tougher position than his primary position), and unduly boost a player like Victor Martinez (who logs a lot of games at a much easier position than his primary position). For most players, though, it doesn't matter much. I find it preferable to make manual adjustments for the unusual cases rather than add another layer of complexity to the whole endeavor.
2009 Park Factors
2009 Leagues
2009 Teams
2009 AL Relievers
2009 NL Relievers
2009 AL Starters
2009 NL Starters
2009 AL Hitters
2009 NL Hitters
Thursday, October 08, 2009
End of Season Statistics, 2009
2 comments:
- terpsfan101October 10, 2009 at 6:23 AM
How are you calculating SB Frequency? I use SB divided by .8*1B + .6*BB+HBP. I might have to adjust the formula. I get .097 for the AL and .08 for the NL. This looks way too high.
On the league page, shouldn't outs per game equal IP per game * 3? Outs are underestimated by approximately 1.25 per game for each league.
Do the walk columns include IBB's?
Nice work so far. Sorry for all the questions. 1) No reason to adjust your SBFrq formula--mine is very crude, and is actually stolen base attempt frequency. (SB + CS)/(H + W - HR). Obviously it is better to set up your denominator in the way you do.
2) OG is (AB - H + CS)/G. Ignoring SH, SF, DP, and all outs not recorded in the official statistics. I do it that way since I'm only figuring each batter's outs as AB - H + CS.
3) No, I don't take out IW. That's another case of convenience and simplicity over making the best possible choices.


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Derek Lowe (10-11, 3.81) vs. Brandon Webb (19-5, 2.96).
COMMENTS: The Dodgers ended their Michael Phelpsian 8-game losing streak achievement last night, powered by two home runs from ManRam and a rare offensive outburst. Don't expect that kind of fireworks for the Dodgers tonight, as we face the D-backs' stopper in Brandon Webb, which means Derek Lowe once again will get no run support and small margin for error. A 1-9 roadtrip seems almost inevitable, right?


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Dear Editor:
Perhaps you sent a lovely card,
Or sat quietly in a chair.
Perhaps you sent a funeral spray,
If so, we saw it there.
Perhaps you spoke the kindest words,
As any friend or family member could say.
Whatever you did to console our hearts,
We thank you so much whatever the part.
The Family of Robert H. Bodenstein Jr.


text:
High-Pursuit Ponys
During the "CHiPs" era of patrolling California's endless ribbons of Interstate asphalt, the highway patrollers were saddled with overweight and underpowered cars like the Dodge Monaco and St. Regis, which couldn't even muster 200 horsepower to support their full-size architecture. When saddled with a trunk's worth of road equipment, as well as the typical complement of radio and radar equipment, these cars were no match for some of the quicker sports cars on the highway – and not even a pair of gleaming-toothed, motorcycle-straddling hunks could keep up.
As the 1980s dawned, the California Highway Patrol (CHP) approached Ford about producing a pursuit-special Mustang: A lightweight, compact and – for the time – powerful alternative to the laggard full-size Mopars. (The agency experimented with a few 1979 Camaro Z28-based pursuit cars, but their engines didn't hold up under strain.) As performance enthusiasts would soon discover, a potent 5.0-liter engine in the lightweight, rigid Fox-body "notchback" body delivered terrific performance. The CHP ordered about 400 in 1982 and the Mustang SSP (Special Service Package) was born.
Ford made the Mustang SSP available to other North American police agencies and it became a popular complement to many agencies' full-size cruisers, particularly in states such as Florida and Texas. Even the FBI, ATF and the U.S. Postal Service used them, as well as the RCMP in Canada. Production lasted from 1982 through the end of the Fox's run in 1993.
Used examples are not difficult to find, but most have been modified. Original-condition examples, whether un-restored or restored to in-service condition are difficult to find, but hold the promise for greater collector value in the future. A couple of dedicated sites, www.sspmustang.org and www.specialservicemustang.net have more details about the cars, which agencies used them and, through forums, leads on cars for sale.
- All 1982-93 SSPs were notchbacks, except for five hatchbacks ordered by the CHP in 1982.
- In 1988, Oregon ordered 34 SSPs for the highway patrol, but canceled the order. Saleen bought 17 of them and gave them the full performance makeover treatment, making them ultra-rare Saleen-SSPs.
- The U.S. Air Force used several Mustang SSPs as runway chase vehicles to support the U-2 spy plane's landing procedure.
- SSPs were built with "buck tags" attached to the front-end structure behind the driver-side headlights, which helps confirm their authenticity – or whether a car has been in a severe accident requiring extensive repairs. The tags typical say POLICE, SPECIAL SERVICE or indicate special equipment or paint.
- In the 1986 movie "8 Million Ways to Die," Jeff Bridges plays a detective who drives a retired and worn-looking 1982 CHP Mustang.
The Mustang SSP was born out of a request by the California Highway Patrol, after the agency had a negative experience with Camaros. Ford developed the package and the CHP ordered 400 of them in 1982. This image is from a 1983 issue of Ford Times – a Ford-produced magazine sent to customers.
Prior to 1987, Mustang SSPs steel wheels instead of the aluminum rims on the GT and other 5.0-liter-equipped models. Today, original steel SSP wheels and especially their hub caps are very difficult to locate.
The Florida Highway Patrol employed more than 1,600 Mustang SSPs, starting in 1983. The state was second only to California's more-than 2,500 cars.
Third on the list of most Mustangs used by a highway patrol agency was Texas, which pressed nearly 1,100 into service.
Ford built several fully equipped SSP demonstrators and allowed police agencies to test-drive them.
The Michigan State Police's distinctive blue color is historic on their vehicles, which required special painting for the small number of Mustangs they used – only 34 of them.
Another unique feature of the Michigan State Police Mustangs is the hood-mounted pull-over sign, affectionately called the "shark fin." It originated as a lighted sign in the days before flashing lights and is still used on the latest cars.
Mustang SSPs restored to in-service condition are relatively rare to find, such as this Missouri State Highway Patrol example. It's one of only 71 cars used by the agency.
Locating an un-restored SSP is not difficult. Finding one that hasn't been modified is. Many out-of-service cars were purchased by racers precisely because they were lightweight notchbacks.
Before making the investment in an SSP, it's a good idea to familiarize yourself with the cars, especially if you're looking to purchase an authentically restored example. Go to shows – particularly emergency vehicle events – and join the forum at sspmustang.org to learn as much as possible.
Build tags – also known as buck tags – are attached to each SSP Mustang in the structure behind the driver-side headlamp. With data that the car as an authentic SSP, checking and not finding the tags could indicate the car was in a severe crash that required replacement of the front-end sheet metal.
All SSPs came with a certified speedometer – and it was a 160-mph speedometer several years before they were standard in LX 5.0 and GT models.
Locating authentic service equipment is typically the toughest and most time-consuming aspect of restoring an SSP to its in-service condition. That's where homework and linking with fellow SSP enthusiasts proves invaluable.
The other thing to keep in mind about a restored police car is local and state laws regarding the equipment on them. Typically, owners will have to drive their car to a show with the lights and agency insignia covered. They may also have to disconnect, cover or hide some of the other equipment.
Another no-no on the street is letting loose the siren. Parades and car shows are pretty much the only places an owner is allowed to demonstrate the emergency equipment on his or her SSP.
Many SSPs were unmarked units. They make excellent alternatives for those who want the SSP ownership experience without the flash of a fully marked car.
The 5.0-liter engine is pretty much bulletproof, of course, but many SSPs were equipped with the AOD four-speed automatic. That puts the car into one of two categories: One that has had the AOD rebuilt or one that will need it to be rebuilt
Lighting is another important aspect of an authentically restored SSP, as any old flashing lights won't do. The car needs to have the correct makes/models of the lights to be considered an authentic restoration.
Mustang SSP values are strong, compared to other Fox-body Mustangs and should continue to strengthen in the coming years.
Published Dec 7th, 2015


text: Wolverine awakes to find himself transported to the Savage Land and labeled public enemy number one! With no memory of how he got there, and Shanna the She-Devil his only ally, Logan must unravel the mystery that slumbers at the heart of the Savage Land before it finds a way to kill him first. This January, Wolverine is all brawls, babes, and brachiosaurs, and you'll never see the end -- or the future of the Marvel Universe -- NOW!


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These handmade Single Hackle Feather Beaded Trim Half-Plates (often called pinwheels) measure 10x5.5" and are made from stripped Rooster hackle feathers that are arranged in a half circle and that are glued on to a piece of fabric. The stripping on the feathers is a unique look that comes from stripping approx 3/4 of the lower part of the feather leaving the beautiful tips. The hackle plates can be cut to any size.
Our products are made with natural materials; therefore each item will have unique differences and variances.
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The batter is made rich and delicious with the addition of sour cream, but the important thing here is the frosting. If you have never made a seven-minute frosting, or if it has been awhile as it had been for me, go now to start separating some egg whites. I don't know how I let so much time pass since I'd last made this kind of frosting, but it is a simply wonderful thing. Egg whites are beaten in a bowl with water, sugar, and cream of tartar. The bowl is set over a pot of barely simmering water, and you continue to beat for seven minutes. A glossy, thick, luscious frosting develops before your eyes. After seven minutes, the bowl is removed from the pan of simmering water, vanilla is added, and you mix for another couple of minutes. What you get is the best possible incarnation of marshmallow fluff.
Next, you get to apply this fluffery to the cupcakes, and that is almost as much fun as eating it. You swoop and swirl and let the frosting take whatever crazy shape it can. Because of the lightness of the frosting, this is one that is best applied liberally. My spinning instructor was surprised and delighted by the cupcakes, and he offered to share with everyone—after class of course. Luckily, everyone felt like they deserved a cupcake or two after that class.


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