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Notice: this Wiki will be going read only early in 2024 and edits will no longer be possible. Please see: https://gitlab.eclipse.org/eclipsefdn/helpdesk/-/wikis/Wiki-shutdown-plan for the plan.
Bug Reporting FAQ
Eclipse bug reporting is done through a Bugzilla server, a popular open source bug tracking system. This page will highlight a few cool features of Bugzilla that may not be immediately obvious and will answer questions about bug entry and searching. The gateway to the Eclipse bug database is: https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs. It is also linked off of www.eclipse.org. To submit a bug report, you need an Eclipse account, which you can create at https://dev.eclipse.org/site_login/createaccount.php.
Bug Reporting References
- The Bugzilla Guide - The user manual for Bugzilla produced by the Bugzilla team.
- How to Report Bugs Effectively - Excellent tips on writing quality bug reports.
- Bug Writing Guidelines - Bug writing guidelines from the Bugzilla team.
Cool Things in Bugzilla
Bug Entry Templates
After filling in some or all of the fields on the new bug form (or the feature request form) you can press the "Remember values as bookmarkable template" button. Following the simple instructions on the resulting page will leave you with a bookmark that will take you to a new bug entry page with the fields filled in with the values you have specified. Hint: The template will include all the fields that you filled in so you may not want to enter Summary or Description text as part of your template.
Named, Saved and Bookmarked Queries
The main query page can be found at https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/query.cgi. Near the bottom of the query page you have options to:
- Remember the current settings as the default for this page each time it is loaded.
- Name the query for reuse later (each user has their own set of named queries).
- Name the query for later reuse and add a link to the named query to your page footer for quick access.
- Add a tag to a bug entry. Tags allow a handy "list of bugs" to be created and maintained by you, for your special purposes, without elaborate queries (such as, perhaps "classic" for bugs frequently asked about, or "thisweek" for bugs you plan to work on soon). See bugzilla documentation for more details.
Use your user preferences link to manage named queries (https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/userprefs.cgi?bank=footer). Select a previously saved named query (this combo box only appears near the bottom of the query page if you have at least one named query saved).
Bug Counts
The "Reports" link on the footer of most Bugzilla pages takes you to a form that can summarize bug counts in interesting ways. The link is: https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/reports.cgi
Form Fill In
You may want to turn on the form fill in feature of Internet Explorer. This will provide drop down lists for picking values you have commonly entered into text fields in the various Bugzilla forms. This option can be found in the Internet Explorer menus Tools->Internet Options->Content->AutoComplete
Bugzilla automatically creates hyperlinks for certain text patterns, see http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/tip/html/hintsandtips.html. Here are some examples of automatically created links: Bug 2345 has a comment 4 (if linked from bug 2345), or bug 2345 comment 4 (if linked from another bug).
Folders and Work Flow
What is the life cycle of a bug report?
When a new bug is entered it begins life with a Status of either Unconfirmed for normal users or New for users with commit privileges. The bug is typically assigned to the component owner. The component owner will usually use a query of Status = Unconfirmed or New and Assigned to = me to browse what is essentially the component's inbox. She or he will assign bug reports to developers. Email will be generated to the developer (this part is configurable). (Note that the act of reassigning a bug to somebody changes its status to New). The developer may change unconfirmed bugs to new.
The assigned developer will "accept" the bug which will change its status to Assigned. After working on the bug the developer will mark the bug as Resolved and will select a resolution (Fixed, Invalid, Wontfix, Worksforme).
Once a bug is resolved there are still a few states it can transition to. How you choose to use these states will be up to individual teams. In our example, when a test pass comes up a component owner can build a query that searched for resolved bugs. After testing that the fix worked a resolved bug can be transitioned to verified, directly to closed, or in fact, reopened. By searching for bugs with a Status of verified and a resolution of fixed developers can come up with release notes. A verified/fixed bug can then be transitioned to closed. And yes, closed bugs can be reopened if need be. As an added bonus other bug status can be transitioned through verified to closed as well. This gives developers the opportunity to test worksforme claims.
How do I find a bug if all I know is the old RPRS PRID
RPRS is the problem tracking system used by the Eclipse team before we switched to Bugzilla. RPRS PRID's are 7 character ID's with a mix of numbers and letters (e.g. 1GETAYN). The RPRS PRID has been added to the end of each bug report summary (title) that was converted from the old system. So to find a bug report based on the PRID simply perform a search of the summary with the PRID. Searching is covered later on in this FAQ.
How can I get my enhancements (or bug fix requests) in the committer's queue?
Usually, you should get a response from a committer on the bug, at least in the form of a change to the priority and/or target milestone fields. Make sure that you provide any additional information they request from you, such as log files (found at <workspace>/.metadata/.log), screenshots, or thread dumps. The more effort you invest in making it easy for the committer to understand and reproduce the problem, the more likely it is that your bug will be looked at soon.
If the conversation in a bug dies down, but you think that you've done everything you can on your side, it might be that the committer(s) who are watching the bug report have simply forgotten about it. Many committers are interrupt-driven, and if you don't abuse this, they will be glad for a gentle reminder. One or two weeks after the last comment would be a good time for a reminder.
Also see 'Why do some bugs stay open for years?'
Why do some bugs stay open for years?
As quoted from Bug 157642 Comment 14:
For most committers, there is an effectively unlimited supply of available bug reports and enhancement requests. How they choose what to work on is effectively a cost/benefit analysis. Cost in this case is the amount of work to address it, the work of ongoing maintenance for a new feature, the ripple cost a new feature may have on downstream projects, performance cost, etc. Things that increase the "benefit" side include benefits for end-users of Eclipse applications, benefits for downstream projects, etc. Also, input from the community in the form of votes, and input from the PMC and from committers on other projects increase the "benefit" side of the equation. A long-dormant bug may be reopened either because the cost has gone down (perhaps some underlying infrastructure is now available that makes the problem easier to solve), or the benefit has gone up (more requests from users, committers on other projects, the PMC, etc). If the cost/benefit ratio of a bug does not change, it may remain unaddressed forever.
Bug Entry
What is the difference between "Report a new bug" and "Enter a feature request"?
"Enter a feature request" provides a simplified form to enter information pertaining to a suggested enhancement. Certain fields are automatically saved with default values. When a feature request is entered it is stored in the regular bug database along with the bugs. Feature severities are automatically set to "Enhancement"
How are the values for Platform and OS filled in on the bug entry form?
These fields are set based on information provided automatically by your browser. In general they will reflect the Platform and OS you are using when you enter the bug. Please be sure to change these to accurately reflect the bug you are entering. Feature requests have Platform and OS set to "All".
What is the difference between Severity and Priority?
Severity is assigned by a user and describes the level of impact the bug is having on them.
The levels generally have the following meanings:
- blocker - the bug blocks development or testing of the build (for which there is no work-around)
- critical - implies "loss of data" or frequent crashes or a severe memory leak
- major - implies "major loss of function"
- normal - default value, regular issue, some loss of functionality under specific circumstances, typically the correct setting unless one of the other levels fit
- minor - something is wrong, but doesn't affect function significantly or other problem where easy workaround is present
- trivial - cosmetic problem like misspelled words or misaligned text, but doesn't affect function (such as spelling errors in doc, etc.)
- enhancement - request for enhancement (also for "major" features that would be really nice to have)
But overall, it is up to each project do decide how they triage/handle bugs so some variability from project to project will occur.
Priority is assigned by the developer/committer and describes the importance a developer places on fixing the bug:
- P1 - "stop ship" defect i.e. we won't ship if not fixed
- P2 - intent is to fix before shipping but we will not delay the milestone or release
- P3 - nice to have
- P4 - low priority
- P5 - lowest priority
How do I find a particular bug number?
There are several ways to do this:
- Use the Quick Search box on: https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs.
- Type the bug number in the bug # action box on the footer of most Bugzilla pages.
- Put the bug number in the "Only bugs numbered" field on the main query page at: https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/query.cgi
- You can also use a short link, for example: http://bugs.eclipse.org/12345
How do I search for bugs containing certain text?
There are several ways to do this:
- Use the Quick Search box on: https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/. This box will only perform a case insensitive search on bug summaries. It will not search descriptions or comments.
- Fill in the "Summary" and/or "A description entry:" fields on the main query page at: https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/query.cgi. The "description entry" field will search the initial description and all the comments of a bug report.
Note that the bug # field in the footer of most Bugzilla pages can not be used to search for text.
Query Hints
The "Status", "Resolution", "Platform", "OpSys", "Priority" and "Severity" multi-select list boxes on the main query page (https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/query.cgi) only need to be set if you want to limit your query to certain values for these fields. If you want to search for bugs with any status, no items in the "Status" list should be selected. It is not necessary to select all the items in the list.
This is a predefined query for bugs that are New, Assigned or Reopened and that were reported by or assigned to you. You may not change this predefined query but you can remove the link from your footer using the "prefs" link on the footer.
How do you search by relative dates?
Under advanced search for date changed, you can enter a date in the form YYYY-MM-DD or a "relative date"... but it does not say how you enter a relative date. The syntax is:
- Now → Current date/time.
- 1h → One hour ago.
- 1d → One day ago (same as 24h).
- 1w → One week ago (same as 7d).
- 1y → One year ago.
If you want the beginning of the day, week or month, append an "s":
- 0ds → Start of this day.
- 1ds → Start of previous day.
- 0ws → Start of this week.
Why am I getting so much email and how can I make it stop
Go to the "Change password or user preferences" link off the main page (https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/userprefs.cgi) and select Email settings. Change your settings to suite your preferences.
What are Keywords
Key words are a set of defined words that can be associated with a bug report. Quick searches can be done on keywords. The following points should be kept in mind about keywords:
- They are defined by the Bugzilla maintainer. Send requests for new key words to the Bugzilla maintainer.
- They are case insensitive.
- They can not be added to a bug report when it is first created. They can only be added when editing a bug report.
- The keywords are described at: https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/describekeywords.cgi
What is the Whiteboard
The whiteboard is used instead of keywords for certain things. The whiteboard is a free-form field that, usually, committers use for some temporary, short lived type of flag that doesn't deserve long term life as a keyword, and might only have meaning to the primary component team (not the community at large). For example, a team might temporarily use phrase such as 'haspatch' during some parts of their triage or development cycle to indicate "this is an old bug that has an old patch attached so deserves special attention this milestone to make sure we don't lose patches from community". As another example, a team might use "consider for 3.2.1 maintenance" which means they are not quite ready to target it to 3.2.1, but don't want to lose track of that possibility ... queries are often easier to write, and quicker to execute against some whiteboard phrase. Once a team is "done" with a whiteboard phrase, they can delete the text and then it's gone from the data base. A keyword, in contrast, stays around forever, pretty much, once added by administrators.
Bug Editing and Triage
A bug reporter has full control over his/her bug, but cannot change values of a bug they do not own. Only Eclipse Committers, and persons designated to bug triage, can edit/move/reassign bugs.
If you're an Eclipse committer and would like to nominate someone for bug triage, please send their Bugzilla account e-mail address to firstname.lastname@example.com. For more information about Bug Triage, please see Bug 265880


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subset: commoncrawl


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In an interview with ABC News' Christiane Amanpour, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi said she supports the message of the Occupy Wall Street protesters that "change has to happen."
PELOSI: "Well, I support the message to the establishment — whether it's Wall Street or the political establishment and the rest — that change has to happen. We cannot continue in a way that is not relevant to their lives. I think one of the most angry responses I've seen to actions in Washington came after we passed the TARP bill. And that was the bill that pulled us back from a financial crisis — and this was during the Presidency of President Bush. The thought was that once we did that, there would be capital available and Main Street would benefit from the resources that went largely to people on Wall Street. That didn't happen and people are angry.
I think people are angry that they don't have jobs — by and large. There's nothing that makes you angrier than not being able to provide for your family or understand what your prospects are for the future. And I do think that, from what we saw after TARP, that the focus on Wall Street was one that they thought was a legitimate place to go: 'Don't do this again. Don't put Main Street at the mercy of Wall Street.' And again, not to paint everyone on Wall Street with the same brush. That would not be fair. But actions were taken that risked our economy, and that shouldn't happen again."
AMANPOUR: "I just want to get your reaction to some comments by Eric Cantor [at the Values Voter Summit]. He said, quote: 'I'm increasingly concerned about the growing mobs occupying Wall Street and other cities around the country.' And he said: 'Believe it or not, some in this town have actually condoned the pitting of Americans against other Americans.'"
PELOSI: "I didn't hear him say anything when the Tea Party was out demonstrating, actually spitting on members of Congress right here in the Capitol. And he and his colleagues were putting signs in the windows encouraging them. But let's not get down to that."
AMANPOUR: "But do you think it's pitting Americans against Americans?"
PELOSI: "Well, that's the American system. It's the democratic system. We don't all agree. We'd have a king if we were all of one mind. We don't. We have different views. And the part of the democracy of our country is the expression that people give, and the Constitution guarantees that."
Watch the video below:


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Pesquisar na Comunidade
Showing results for tags 'Fotos'.
Encontrado 6 registros
E ai Galera! Já tão ligados no Instagram do Growroom? Quem quiser seguir o endereço é @growroombr no instagram Quer ter sua foto publicada lá!? Mande sua foto aqui e as melhores iremos selecionar e postar por lá! Não aceitaremos fotos com conteúdo: - De baixo nível ou ofensivo - Comercial ou publicitário - Racista ou homofóbico Entre outros que nos reservamos ao direito de deletar! Participem!!
- 96 replies
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- mídias sociais
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Olá humanos. Decidir upar um diário aqui a fim de pode ter mais contato com a comunidade e poder manter um controle na minha experiência. Já tentei algumas vezes com sementes do Vale do São Franciso, mas acabei perdendo todos os exemplares. Agora estou indo de prenseed. Então: A - 06/10 - 17 dias B - 11/10 - 12 dias C - 11/10 - 12 dias D - 11/10 - 12 dias E - 15/10 - 9 dias E - 15/10 - 9 dias Todas plantadas em solo orgânico, daqueles sacos de floricultura. Terra preparada com casca de pinus e palha de coco. Com excessão da planta A que ficou numa mistura 50% terra orgânica 50% terra de canteiro bem arenosa, ele parece estar sofrendo de deficiência de N. A rega é leve e diária. São copos de 500ml vedados para proteger as raízes da luz. Uma dúvida que tenho é que ja aparecem alguns pedaços de raiz pelo copo, minha dúvida é, são pequenas sementes que já vieram com a terra ou já é a raiz da cannabis? Iluminação 24hrs por duas lâmpadas de 2750 lumens, numa gambiarra de papel alumínio.
Ae pessoal blz? Tive um idea .... Estou abrindo este tópico com o intuito de facilitar pesquisas sobre fotos de strains de nossa querida planta! A Idea partiu quando toda vez que tenho curiosidade de ver como uma planta é na aparência, tenho que ficar entrando no site do breedder, foi ai que percebi que nem todos os produtores de seeds tem site de qualidade à maioria tem apenas uma foto de tamanho pequeno, outros nem foto tem. Como aqui no Growroom temos inúmeras fotos todos os dias eu queria sugerir aos Growers a dar uma força e sempre que alguém tiver uma foto de uma strain que ainda não tenha aqui exemplificada a postar ela aqui neste tópico, criando assim um guia só com fotos de plantas cultivadas aqui no Brasil de uma maneira organizada. É só cada um por o nome da strain na foto de preferência de Buds/flores formados que ficam mais interessantes para futuras consultas e também tempo de vida aproximado no dia da foto, quando alguém quiser saber sobre determinada strain e só fazer uma pesquisa com o nome da strain dentro deste tópico que vai achar a foto. Não importa se a foto for de strain repetida, assim o tópico vai servir para aqueles que não têm tempo de manter um diário, por qualquer que seja o motivo tipo falta tempo (meu caso), não gostar de postar todo dia, paranoia, medo Etc.. O importante e "catalogarmos" de forma organizada pelo menos um exemplo de cada variedade, se a moçada contribuir rapidinho vai ter muita foto interessante! Espero que alguém goste da Idea e contribua com o tópico Abraço pessoal! Minha contribuição inicial Uma variedade sintética, resultante do cruzamento de três das melhores indicas da Sweet Seeds: BlueBlack x Maple Leaf Indica x White Rhino. As variedades sintéticas partilham com as variedades híbridas o objectivo de obterem o vigor da híbrida e darem homogeneidade às suas descendentes. O sabor é intenso e doce como caramelo pela linhagem de indica, com o toque de sabor terroso da presença genética da Blueblack. Ideal para o cultivo interior, tem estructura típica de indica, enormes botões centrais e cheios ramos laterais. É normalmente favorita entre os clientes que compram para uso medicinal, por ter alto nível de THC e suficiente CBD para induzir um efeito narcótico e físico. Altura: 65 cm Rendimento interior: 375 g/m² Rendimento exterior: 75 g por planta Composição: Ruderalis-Indica hybrid Efeito: Indica stone Genética: Cream Caramel x Ruderalis Hybrid Ambientes adequados: Interior / exterior Tipo: Autoflorescentes Banco de sementes: Sweet Seeds Sabor / Aroma: Doce THC: 18% CBD: 1.6% CBN: 0.4% Indoor Blooming: 5 weeks Indoor/Outdoor Harvest: 8 weeks from germination
Seu Cerebro Durante Viagens De Cogumelo E Uso Constante De Cannabis
um tópico no fórum postou Canadense Cannabis e a Saúde
http://io9.com/5878523/what-your-mind-really-looks-like-on-shrooms-cigarettes-weed-and-booze What your mind really looks like on shrooms, cigarettes, weed, and booze Scientists this week published a study that reveals what the human brain looks like under the influence of psilocybin, the hallucinogenic chemical found in magic mushrooms. The study has turned a few heads, and raised some interesting questions. What does the human brain look like during a mushroom trip? Come to think of it, what sort of activity do scientists see in the brains of people after they smoke a joint, or once they've downed a few beers? Let's take a peek at what your brain really looks like on drugs — illicit and otherwise — and what scientists stand to learn from collecting this kind of information. Let's begin by taking a look at the results of the mushroom study, published in this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The research was conducted by a team of researchers led by neuropsychopharmacologist David Nutt. Nutt and his colleagues recruited thirty people to participate in the investigation, all of whom were experienced with the use of hallucinogenic drugs. The study was designed to monitor the changes in brain activity that emerge during the transition from a normal, sober state of consciousness to one influenced by the effects of the psychedelic compound psilocybin. This was accomplished by recording subjects' brain, both before and after the intravenous administration of 2 milligrams of psilocybin (i.e. the psilocybin was injected directly into the subject's blood stream via a vein). Two mg of psilocybin delivered intravenously is comparable to 15mg delivered orally — what the researchers describe as "a moderate dose." Shown here are the effects of psilocybin that the researchers observed. Regions labeled in blue indicate a decrease in brain activity. This activity was measured via two variations of a common neuroimaging method called functional magnetic resonance imagine (or fMRI for short), which works by monitoring blood flow in the brain. (It bears mentioning that while the rest of the images of brain activation in this post were also detected via fMRI, other neuroimaging techniques do exist, including CT scanning, magnetoencephalography, and positron emission tomography, to name a few.) Many people have either had or heard of mind-bending experiences attributable to psilocybin — so if you or someone you know has experimented with mushrooms, the fact that the researchers' observations reflected a decrease in brain activity during a trip will probably strike you as odd. What's going on here, man? "Psychedelics are thought of as 'mind-expanding' drugs, so it has commonly been assumed that they work by increasing brain activity," explained Nutt in an interview with Nature's Mo Costandi. "Surprisingly, we found that psilocybin actually caused activity to decrease in areas that have the densest connections with other areas." Did you catch that? The most important thing to take away from this study isn't the fact that brain activity decreased, it's where the activity decreased. The greatest dips in activity were observed in regions of the brain known as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices (ACC and PCC, respectively). And as if that wasn't enough, the researchers' findings also suggest that psilocybin takes its disabling effects one step further by disrupting connections between the mPFC and PCC. You can think of your mPFC, PCC, and a third region of your brain called the thalamus, as transportation hubs that coordinate the flow of information throughout your brain. Decreased activity within and between the brain's hubs, conclude Nutt and his colleagues, allows for "an unconstrained style of cognition." What the hell does that mean? Costandi fleshes things out for us, with a little help from Aldous Huxley [Photo via]: In his 1954 book The Doors of Perception, novelist Aldous Huxley, who famously experimented with psychedelics, suggested that the drugs produce a sensory deluge by opening a "reducing valve" in the brain that normally acts to limit our perceptions. The new findings are consistent with this idea, and with the free-energy principle of brain function developed by Karl Friston of University College London that states that the brain works by constraining our perceptual experiences so that its predictions of the world are as accurate as possible. The observations by Nutt and his colleagues come together quite nicely with a model of "unconstrained cognition." There is, however, one small snag: the team's findings directly contradict those observed in previous studies. "We have completed a number of similar studies," explains Franz Vollenweider, a neuropsychopharmacologist at the University of Zurich in Switzerland, "and we always saw an activation of these same areas" [emphasis added]. So why don't the researchers' findings match up? The short answer is: don't know; needs more research. But that doesn't mean we can't hypothesize. For example, in Vollenweider's study, test subjects were administered psilocybin orally, and their brains were imaged an hour later. In Nutt's study, however, the psychedelic compound was administered intravenously, and the brain scans were performed immediately. According to Keith Laws, a neuropsychologist at the University of Hertfordshire, previous studies have shown that the decreases in brain activity observed by Nutt and his colleagues are also linked to the anticipation of unpleasant experiences. Being dosed with psilocybin intravenously, muses Laws, was probably a pretty stressful experience, even for experienced drug users. "I suspect," Laws explains, "that [Nutt and his colleagues] measured something to do with anxiety." Catching a glimpse of your grey matter in action Let us now turn our attention to the broader practice of neuroimagin, the various methods by which scientists visualize the structure and function of the mind. Consider this the upshot from the previous section: the human brain is a tangled mess of somewhere between 80 and 120-billion neurons, and these neurons are continuously creating and breaking trillions of connections with one another. What the incongruous results of Nutt and Vollenweider call attention to is the fact that neuroimaging studies have to approach the complexity of the brain from as many angles as possible. More specifically, it reveals that the answer to the question "what does my brain look like when I smoke/snort/shoot/drink/eat _________" cannot be answered by any one study. Think about all the factors you'd have to consider when conducting such an investigation; it would be impossible to incorporate them all. We've already mentioned one (the potentially disparate effects of intravenous versus oral administration of a drug) but there are many, many more. For example, after you've decided how to dose your patient, you must decide whether you want them to perform a task, or just sit there while you observe their brain activity. This image, for instance, is taken from a study — published in Neuropsychopharmacology in 2005 — that examined the brain activity of drunk test participants who were subjected to a realistic, simulated driving challenge. This figure is brimming with information (those interested can click through to familiarize themselves with the nitty-gritty details), but here's the gist: The brain scans in the figure are labeled with seven different colors. We're interested in the ones labeled in pink and red. These hues correspond to the orbitofrontal and motor regions of the brain, respectively. The former is involved in decision-making, the latter in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary motor functions. When the researchers upped the blood alcohol level of their test subjects — first from 0.0% to 0.04%, and later from 0.04% to 0.08% — it was within these two brain circuits that they observed the greatest disruption in activation. Translation: these cerebellar snapshots help reveal why, on a neurophysiological level, drinking nerfs your motor skills and decision making in a simulated (and, presumably, real-life) driving situation. Other researchers examine what the human brain looks like not while under the influence, but following years of long-term exposure to drugs. These images, for example, are from a 2005 study that compared the brain activity of 24 chronic marijuana users with that of 19 non-smokers during a series of visual attention tasks. In the alcohol study mentioned above, test subjects were put behind the wheel of a simulated car; in this study, participants were asked to to mentally track the movement of a ball on a screen as drifted about, intermingling with other randomly moving balls — sort of like a computerized version of cups and balls, only without any deliberate attempts at misdirection. The areas labeled in red correspond to regions of the brain that were less active in the chronic marijuana users than in the non-drug users during the motion-tracking task. Interestingly, the majority of these areas correspond to parts of the brain associated with what is called the "visual-attention network," which, as its name implies, is involved in various attention-requiring tasks. Could the attention and memory deficits reported in heavy marijuana users be related to this decreased activation? Potentially — but it's more complicated than that. See the areas labeled in blue and green? Those are regions outside the brain's normal attention network where activity was actually higher in pot smokers than in non-drug users. According to the researchers, these altered patterns of brain activation "suggest neuroadaptation in the attention network due to chronic marijuana exposure." In other words, they show that heavy pot-smoking is actually associated with a reorganization in the way your brain handles tasks demanding of your attention. But again: snapshots like these can only tell you so much. In order to flesh out the innermost workings of the human mind, more experiments examining different angles must be performed. What might the authors of the marijuana study have observed, for example, had they actually gotten their chronic marijuana-smokers high prior to the ball-tracking test? Would these results vary depending on whether they administered THC (the principle psychoactive ingredient in marijuana) intravenously or via inhalation? What would happen inside the brain of a person who had never smoked pot before? Why would anyone ever dedicate so much effort to figuring this stuff out? The attention to detail required by this kind of research may lead some people to question why anybody would attempt to make sense of this stuff in the first place, to which I reply: Are you kidding? Why wouldn't' you want to know this stuff? Unlocking how substances affect the human brain is one step removed from understanding how we experience everything that surrounds us. That drive — to understand how we perceive the world — is so fundamental to our being it predates the modern conception of science itself. Brain imaging studies are the kind of research that will help make an alcohol surrogate — like Synthehol in Star Trek — a reality (which, by the way, is something that scientists are seriously looking into; in fact, Nutt — the lead author of the psilocybin study we talked about earlier — has published research on it). It's also the kind of research that can aid in the development of therapies capable of treating disorders ranging from depression to addiction. Take cigarette addiction, for example. Nicotine-dependence is the most common substance abuse disorder in the United States. Why? Because that shit is habit-forming. People who smoke consistently report that cigarettes enhance their mood, attention, working memory, and motivation (to name just a handful of the cognitive states augmented by nicotine), and that abstaining from or withdrawing from cigarettes completely compromises said states. Scientists have long recognized that regions of your brain known as the frontal lobe and the cingulate cortex are involved in cognitive processes related to the same cognitive effects enhanced by smoking (mood, attention, motivation, and so on). It stands to reason that the better scientists understand the interplay between nicotine, the frontal lobe, the cingular cortex, and other areas of the brain, the better they'll understand the mechanisms of addiction and how to overcome it. Check out this figure — it's from the first study to ever use fMRI to examine regional patterns of brain activity following exposure to nicotine. Regions in red and yellow depict regions of activity. This data was the first to visualize the regions of the brain acted upon by nicotine-administration in humans, and supported the hypothesis that activation of the frontal and cingulate regions of the brain is responsible for cigarettes' behavioral and mood-altering qualities. Over a decade after this study was published, the first author — researcher Elliott Stein — used neuroimaging to show that nicotinic action and nicotine addiction are actually associated with entirely separate pathways in the brain, revealing yet again not only the complex nature of the human mind, but how brain-imaging studies — especially when combined with behavioral, molecular, and genetic investigations — can improve our understanding of how it operates.


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If you love your neighbour as yourself you'll put yourself in his place and wonder how you would feel if you were there and wonder what you would want and need to have fulfilled.
See more Daily Might devotional messages.
Deep Truths is a collection of the basic teachings of David Brandt Berg who was my pastor for 20 years and who led me on a path of service for Jesus Christ and showed me how to love God and others. I have been a missionary for Christ in Japan from 1974 to the present with the exception of 4 years in other countries, specifically Russia, China, Estonia and Poland. My hope is this website will inspire and feed God's sheep.
You probably won't hear some of these teachings in any public school or church! It is my earnest desire that by reading these articles you will have a major paradigm shift in your life to perceive reality the way your Creator wants you to perceive it! For more information, please see the About Page
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The following is a suggested reading list to introduce you to the teachings of David Brandt Berg. I guarantee that you'll either love or hate what he has to say!
Deep Truths is dedicated to the Bible based teachings of David Brandt Berg (1919-1994), with the hope that from them you may find eternal spiritual life in Jesus Christ, the Son of God!
Deep Truths was first created on Jan. 5, 2004 in Niigata Japan. It is not an official web site of The Family International. By not "official", I mean it is not directly sponsored by the Family International World Services. Most of the articles on Deep Truths are publications from the Family International, but some of the opinions stated in the introduction to the articles are those of the webmaster, James Arendt. From January 2017 I have begun to post some different views and interpretations of Scripture that are not based on David Berg or the Family International's teachings.
The present site layout HTML/CSS code is from Beginner's Guide To: Building HTML5/CSS3 Webpages and was created in February 2017 to make it mobile device friendly.


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April 12, 2011–August 13, 2011
This exhibition, drawn from a recent gift, features Civil War-era ambrotype and tintype photographs of Union and Confederate soldiers. The collection's detailed portraits document the soldier uniforms, weapons, musical instruments and other possessions and include significant representation of African American troops and the families of soldiers. The exhibition marks the beginning of the Library's sesquicentennial commemoration of the Civil War and brings new attention to the war as a seminal event in American history.
The exhibition is made possible through the generous support of HISTORY®, the Liljenquist family, and Union Pacific Corporation.


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LMS-Patriot Enterprises
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Duke is No. 1 in The Associated Press' college basketball poll after dropping from the top spot for one week.
The Blue Devils, who fell to No. 3 last week, took advantage of losses by Louisville and Indiana to move back to No. 1, their fifth week on top this season. Duke received 39 first-place votes from the 65-member national media panel Monday.
Michigan, which jumped from fifth to second, had 11 No. 1 votes. Kansas, which had seven first-place votes, and Syracuse, which knocked Louisville out of No. 1, tied for third. Syracuse received eight No. 1 votes.
Louisville dropped to fifth and was followed by Arizona, Indiana, Florida, Butler and Gonzaga.
Wichita State, Cincinnati, Mississippi and Miami moved into the rankings this week, replacing San Diego State, Illinois, UCLA and Marquette.


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June 26, 2012 Special to Crime Magazine
An excerpt from The Charmer: The True Story of Robert Reldan – Rapist, Murderer, and Millionaire – and the Women who Fell Victim to his Allure
(Title Town Publishing, 2012, available in soft cover at major book stores and in Kindle at Amazon.com.)
by Richard Muti and Charles Buckley
Bob sports that collegiate look.
It is not a monster's face that looks up at the reader, there on page 31 of the Fort Lee, New Jersey, high school yearbook, class of 1958; rather, the young man appears as carefree as any 17-year-old should be. Yet, at the time this photo was taken, Robert Reldan already had a troubling juvenile record, including the assault and robbery of a woman in New York City, and he had done time in a reformatory. His classmates surely knew his history, yet whoever wrote Reldan's yearbook entry was kind.
"Bob sports that collegiate look," the blurb below his picture reads, a reference to what a later generation would call "preppy." He is an amateur pilot, it says, and intends a stint in the Air Force. The only glimpse into future reality is a remark about Reldan's "acid sense of humor." Although young Robert had athletic ability, especially in basketball, school activities are sparse. Understandable, when the youth's extracurricular interests lay elsewhere.
It is a handsome face with an engaging smile—a smile that promises a charming personality and inspires trust. A smile that would, over the next 20 years, cause unsuspecting women to drop their guard and place themselves under the power of one of New Jersey's most ruthless criminals.
Robert Ronald Reldan was born in Brooklyn, New York, on June 2, 1940, the first child of William and Marie Reldan. Three years later, a daughter, Susan, was born into what was, by all appearances, a hardworking, middle-class American family. The Reldans operated the Sweet Sue Coffee Shop, a bustling establishment one block from New York City's Fifth Avenue and its fashionable department stores. Marie doted on Robert, her only son, but the relative who would figure most prominently in Robert's life was his Aunt Lillian, Marie's sister.
Lillian Vulgaris was an aspiring actress, but, like most newcomers to that profession, she needed to support herself with less glamorous work until her big break came along. Brother-in-law William Reldan was happy to give her a job waiting tables in his coffee shop. While not beautiful, Lillian did possess an attractiveness and warmth that made her popular with patrons of the Sweet Sue, among them an older man—"Colonel" Ferris Booth.
Ferris Booth's father was a financier and early investor in IBM and Hotpoint Appliances. He made millions on those and other shrewd investments and would leave a fortune to his son. Lillian Vulgaris's big break came sooner than expected—not on Broadway, but when she caught the eye of Ferris Booth. The two were married and enjoyed a loving relationship for 10 years.
When Booth died suddenly of a stroke in 1956, 40-year-old Lillian inherited $50 million. By the time she, herself, died 51 years later, Lillian Vulgaris Booth, a shrewd investor in her own right, would quadruple her wealth, even while donating millions to hospitals and churches, a retirement home for aging actors, and other charities. Having no children of her own, she lavished attention and financial favors during her lifetime on nieces and nephews. Her particular favorite was Robert Reldan, whom she called "Bobby."
In 1951, when Robert was 11, the Reldan family moved from New York to Fort Lee in Bergen County, on the New Jersey side of the George Washington Bridge. With their proximity to New York City and location atop the Hudson River palisades, Fort Lee and its neighboring communities to the south would soon see a population explosion, as high-rise apartment buildings affording spectacular views of the metropolis across the river began to proliferate.
Robert Reldan had everything going for him early in life—innate intelligence, good looks, and a loving and supportive family, including his wealthy aunt, who not only idolized him but was generous with her money. Yet, something was driving him toward a darker world, one beyond the ken of most teenagers.
Chapter 1
He had the look of someone who could kill without remorse.
Fourteen-year-old Anna Maria Hernandez awoke to the sound of her dog barking. Glancing at the bedroom clock, she saw it was 3:20 a.m., but she wasn't alarmed. Her dog barked at the slightest provocation, and it wasn't unusual for her sleep to be disturbed. She got out of bed and went to the window to see if something outside might have aroused the animal. Seeing nothing, she quieted the dog and returned to bed. Moments later, she heard a sound coming from the kitchen. Thinking it might be the dinner dishes settling in their drain, she arose again to have a look.
Anna Maria lived in the Fort Lee home of an older married sister, Tomasa Suarez, but both her sister and brother-in-law were in Spain on business. So, on this early Sunday morning, February 25, 1962, the high school freshman was being looked after in the Suarez home by another sister, Leonor Munoz.
In the hallway near the kitchen, Anna Maria saw why the dog had been barking. There, inside her home, were two male intruders, their faces covered by pieces of cloth. The frightened girl began screaming, calling out to Leonor in Spanish. One of the men had a gun and the other an iron rod, perhaps a crowbar. They grabbed her by the arms, telling her to shut up and asking if anyone else was in the house. The girl said her sister and nephew were there, and the men went to a bedroom to get them, dragging Anna Maria along.
Leonor's immediate reaction—she had her 3-year-old son with her—was to lock the bedroom door. One of the men told Anna Maria they would kill her if the sister didn't let them in. He instructed the girl to tell that to her sister. Finally, with her child in arm, Leonor opened the door. The men pushed Anna Maria into the room, following her in.
One man had a handkerchief over his head, partially obscuring his face. The other had what looked like a bathroom towel over his head, with a narrow opening so he could see. The man with the handkerchief covering said, "Your brother-in-law is in Spain, right?" indicating knowledge of the household circumstances and lack of a male presence to challenge them. Both young women nodded, confirming that Francisco Suarez was away. The men demanded to know where "the money" was, but Leonor and Anna Maria denied knowing of cash in the house.
The man with the towel over his head took Anna Maria back to her room and began searching it, while the other remained behind with Leonor. The towel kept slipping from the man's head, allowing the girl to see his face. More than a year later, Anna Maria would identify Robert Reldan in a jailhouse lineup as the man with the towel over his head, the man who robbed the Suarez residence and sexually assaulted her that night.
The terror-stricken women watched helplessly as the intruders ransacked the place, looking for jewelry and money. At one point, Reldan was alone with Anna Maria in her bedroom. He tied her hands behind her back and her legs together at the ankles, then stuffed a sock in her mouth and put a blouse over her head, presumably to block her view of his face.
Anna Maria would later testify that the blouse was sheer and she could see him through the material. Reldan lifted the girl's pajama top to her neck and pulled her pajama bottoms down to her ankles. He then began touching and kissing her body. As the girl writhed in his grasp, Reldan struck her several times in the head with the iron rod, not enough to knock her out but enough to cause bruises. Finally, the accomplice came into the room and, seeing what Reldan was doing, said, "Leave her alone." The accomplice, clearly the leader, repeated his demand that Reldan stop sexually assaulting the girl, and Reldan complied. The two men left the house shortly thereafter, and the frightened women ran to a friend's home a few blocks away. Police were called, but no arrests were made at the time. The accomplice was never identified.
Sensing his absence from New Jersey might lessen the chance he'd be identified as one of the perpetrators of the Fort Lee home invasion, Reldan drifted for the next nine months, spending time in Connecticut and Missouri, where he enrolled, briefly, in a small college. His travels were financed by his family, including Aunt Lillian, whose generosity toward her Bobby apparently knew no bounds. In November 1962, Reldan turned up in southern Florida, and it didn't take long for the 22-year-old to run afoul of the law in that jurisdiction.
On November 30, Reldan was arrested in Miami Beach on a charge, ironically enough, of impersonating a police officer. A records check showed no criminal record. His previous escapades had all been dealt with through the juvenile justice system, or hadn't been detected yet, as with the recent Fort Lee burglary and assault. As far as any inquiring police agency could determine, especially one 1,400 miles from Reldan's home turf, the pleasant, cooperative young man in custody was a first-time offender.
Dade County authorities allowed Reldan to plea bargain the impersonating-an-officer charge just five days after his arrest, and the result was a 90-day suspended jail sentence. A month later, he was once again in Dade County Court for one of his favorite criminal activities—breaking and entering, or burglary. With just the impersonating charge on his record, as far as local police knew, he was able to achieve yet another plea deal that avoided incarceration. He pleaded guilty and got two years probation. Still no hard prison time, but Reldan was beginning to accumulate adult convictions.
Returning to New Jersey in the spring of 1963, Reldan continued his chosen path. He was arrested by Closter police on July 27, 1963 for carrying a concealed weapon—a handgun—in a motor vehicle. His long-suffering but loyal parents posted bail, and he was again released, pending grand jury consideration of the case.
Within a month, police in North Arlington, New Jersey, arrested Reldan on a charge of breaking and entering a residence, but this time the B&E included an assault with a tire iron on the woman living there. He was again granted bail until a grand jury could consider the two pending cases, but, prior to his release, Fort Lee detectives took Anna Maria Hernandez to the Bergen County jail, where she identified Robert Reldan as her assailant.
While the Closter weapon complaint and North Arlington burglary and assault were still pending further action by prosecutors, a Bergen County grand jury indicted Reldan, charging him with breaking and entering the Suarez home on February 25, 1962, stealing money and jewelry, and committing an assault with intent to rape against Anna Maria Hernandez. Reldan was arraigned on the indictment, and the matter was set down for a jury trial before County Court Judge Joseph Marini.
Robert Reldan's first adult criminal trial began on December 2, 1963, with Frank P. Lucianna, a prominent Bergen County attorney, hired to defend him. Representation like that does not come cheap, and Reldan, who had no job or money of his own, was clearly the beneficiary of his aunt Lillian Booth's generosity, once again.
The State presented just three witnesses—Leonor Munoz, Tomasa Suarez, and Anna Maria Hernandez. Both Leonor and Anna Maria testified that Reldan, the man seated in court at the defense table, was one of the intruders in their home during the early morning hours of February 25, 1962—the one, Anna Maria said, who had sexually assaulted her. She'd picked Reldan out of a jail lineup in August 1963, but admitted under Lucianna's cross-examination that she was shown a picture of the defendant by police before the lineup took place. There was no physical evidence or other corroboration to back up the testimony of the women.
Robert Reldan's first criminal trial resulted in a hung jury when the panel could not reach a unanimous verdict, either guilty or not guilty. The upshot of a hung jury is always a victory for the defense, because it forces the prosecution to choose among three equally distasteful options: try the case again, using additional criminal justice resources and the same imperfect evidence; offer up a more enticing plea bargain to the defendant; or dismiss the case outright as not being worth the time and expense.
In reading the trial transcript, one can see the skill of attorney Frank Lucianna having a bearing on the outcome, but he had help. Although a jury is supposed to base its finding on the evidence alone, the freshly scrubbed good looks of Robert Ronald Reldan, the alert, confident 23-year-old in the dock, clearly had an effect on the 12 men and women sitting in judgment. For a criminal defendant to get one hung jury was rare. This was the first of three hung juries Reldan would achieve over a long criminal career.
* * *
During this same period in 1963, New York City detectives were investigating a series of six assaults and robberies that occurred between June 4 and July 23—one in the Bronx and five in apartment buildings on Manhattan's Upper West Side. This was the general location of Reldan's first known juvenile offense back in 1957, when he was a high school junior. And the modus operandi, or MO, was strikingly similar.
In each of these Upper West Side crimes, a neatly dressed man—about six-feet tall, muscular, and in his early twenties—followed a lone woman into her apartment building's otherwise unoccupied elevator and politely allowed the woman to select her floor first. After making his selection for a lower floor and allowing the elevator to begin its ascent, the young man seized each victim by the throat and, while holding her that way to render her immobile, grabbed her pocketbook and any accessible jewelry. When the elevator arrived at the man's chosen floor, he stepped out, waited for the door to close—taking the stunned victim to her higher floor—and then fled the scene.
As might be expected, all five women assaulted and robbed in this manner were traumatized by the events. One victim remarked to investigating officers, "He [the attacker] had the look of someone who could kill without remorse."
Although efforts in the investigation initially concentrated on New York City, police were mindful of the crime locale's proximity to the George Washington Bridge escape route to Jersey. Good detective work eventually brought Robert Reldan to the attention of investigators. They used resources of the Bergen County Sheriff's Office to obtain a recent photo of Reldan, taken when he was arrested for the Closter weapons charge and the North Arlington assault and B&E, and assembled a photo array.
Detectives put Reldan's photo in with others having like characteristics and showed the lineup to victims of the elevator robberies, one at a time. All five women unhesitatingly picked out Reldan's photo and identified him as their assailant, as did the lone Bronx victim, a vending machine worker robbed at gunpoint of his night's collection proceeds.
On January 3, 1964, detectives arrested Reldan and charged him with the six New York robberies. When he was taken into custody, Reldan showed no remorse and tried to justify his actions by citing a need for money. It was a bogus claim, in that Reldan's parents and Aunt Lillian still amply supported him. He had traveled the country and lived well for the two years he'd been out of prison, with no lasting job and no other means of support.
If money wasn't Reldan's motivation, perhaps a deeper force was driving him. With their ironclad case, NYC authorities didn't waste time pondering Reldan's psyche. But if someone had paid closer attention at this stage of the young man's criminal career, particularly to psychiatric reports warning of Reldan's "strong repressed hostility towards women," one has to wonder how the future might have changed. These New York assaults may have been the first indications that Robert Reldan could no longer contain his aggressive instincts against women.
Despite violent attacks on five women and the strong evidence against him, Reldan managed a lenient plea bargain in New York's Supreme Court, the trial-level court in that state. He was allowed to plead guilty to one elevator robbery (the other four were dismissed) and the Bronx robbery, and he was sentenced to two, five-year terms of incarceration at the Great Meadows reformatory, which housed other youthful offenders in addition to juveniles. Incredibly, the two five-year sentences were ordered to be served concurrently, not consecutively.
While serving his New York time, Reldan was brought back to Bergen County to answer for the Closter gun charge and North Arlington B&E, which also involved assault with a tire iron on a woman in the house he burglarized. Attorney Frank Lucianna arranged another plea bargain, in which Reldan pleaded guilty to the gun charge and burglary, but the assault on the housewife was dismissed. For good measure, the burglary involving the Suarez residence in Fort Lee and the sexual assault against Anna Maria Hernandez—the case that had resulted in the hung jury and that was still pending retrial—were also dismissed as part of the deal.
The judge imposed indeterminate sentences at Bordentown reformatory in New Jersey for each charge, but allowed those sentences to run concurrently with each other and with the New York sentence Reldan was then serving. The youth was returned to Great Meadows to complete his prison term.
Robert Reldan had committed a string of nine serious crimes as an adult—seven involving violence against women—and received, in effect, one five-year prison sentence. And it wasn't a forgone conclusion that he would be required to serve that full term. Early release is exactly what played out. Paroled on September 15, 1966, Reldan had served just over half his sentence. He was able to obtain this release from prison even though an early parole evaluation in New York concluded, "It might be essential to consider this case carefully . . . . In our opinion he will be a poor risk [for parole]. He has considerable potential toward criminal acts, particularly assaults . . . ."
Plea bargains are a fact of life in every state's criminal justice system. Simply put, there are not enough resources to bring every case to trial. Without the "let's make a deal" functioning of the justice system, courts would grind to a halt with a backlog of cases waiting to be tried. In the case of this particular plea deal in the summer of 1964, prosecutors in New York and New Jersey exercised poor judgment by allowing six offenses involving violence against women to be dismissed as part of the bargain—four of the elevator assaults in New York City, the tire-iron assault against the North Arlington woman during the burglary of her home, and the sexual assault against Anna Maria Hernandez. With the dismissal of those significant crimes, it was as though they never happened. Future judges passing sentence on Reldan would never be able to take those offenses into consideration. And future parole boards evaluating Reldan's fitness to rejoin society would not have those violent episodes as part of the man's conviction record, nor as the warning flags they should have represented.
Upon his release from prison in September 1966, Reldan returned to live with his parents in Closter while he looked for work. Maintaining gainful employment was a parole requirement, and Reldan was able to get a job as a clerk in a convenience food store near home. William and Marie Reldan continued to support Robert with free room and board and extra money whenever he needed it. They were encouraged when he appeared to stay out of trouble for five straight months—quite an accomplishment in the parents' eyes, considering his history. In late February 1967, they took him on a family vacation to Florida, where budding career criminal Robert Reldan met a girl and fell in love.
Chapter 2
Be quiet, I'm almost finished.
Bernice Caplan had a lot to be thankful for that April 27, 1967. She was happily married, with an 18-year-old son about to graduate high school and a 14-year-old daughter just beginning that time of life when mothers and daughters establish lasting bonds. Everyone was in good health, and there were no pressing problems. Life is good, praise God, she thought.
It was a beautiful spring day, the kind that invites anticipation of the warmth May and June would soon bring. Bernice was returning to her Teaneck, New Jersey, home after dropping off Passover cookies to her mother in nearby Hackensack. She arrived at about 3:10 p.m., the trip taking less than 15 minutes. Bernice parked in the driveway of the single-family residence and entered through a side kitchen door. After putting a kettle on for her afternoon cup of coffee, she immediately set about gathering the dirty clothing a family of four accumulates, with an eye toward doing a wash load before dinner.
Shortly after 3:00 p.m. that same day, Robert Reldan left the North Forest Drive home in Teaneck where he had been visiting with Renee Ross and her mother. He had been dating Renee about five months and spent most of that particular day running errands with her. It was a hard time for Renee—she and her young daughter had recently moved in with her mother while her divorce was pending.
Reldan had a second love interest he was cultivating—Beverly Moles, a 21-year-old he met the previous October. He had only been paroled a month and was working in a food store. She came in to buy groceries one day, and they hit it off right away. Beverly was a bank teller in Fort Lee and lived with her parents in Closter, Reldan's hometown.
In fact, Reldan was juggling three romances at the time, two local and one long-distance. His third and newest girlfriend was Judy Rosenberg, an attractive 27-year-old he met on a recent Florida vacation with his parents. Judy was staying at the same hotel with her 4-year-old son, Eddie. Her husband, Alan Rosenberg, was back in Chicago, under indictment and not able to leave Illinois—a circumstance Judy didn't mind. She was happy to escape his abusive control. When she met the handsome and athletic-looking Bob Reldan at poolside near the end of her vacation, she was immediately interested. They chatted and flirted that first afternoon, and Judy would later admit she fell in love with Bob almost from the first moment she saw him.
Not long after Judy Rosenberg and the Reldans returned to their respective homes—Judy to the lingering cold of Chicago in early March and Bob and his parents to Closter—Bob got a call from Judy. Her husband Alan had been murdered, his body found in the trunk of his car, riddled with seven gunshot wounds. Judy—frightened to death because of her husband's ties to organized crime—begged Bob to come to Chicago and stay with her and Eddie for a few days.
Reldan's unexplained absence from work to see Judy in Chicago had cost him his job. His boss was a good guy and probably would have given him the time off, but Reldan wasn't supposed to leave New Jersey under the terms of his parole and didn't want to go on record with his boss as having done so. The vacation with his parents had been approved by his parole officer, but an unsupervised trip to comfort a woman whose husband had just been bumped off, mobster-style, would not have been approved. So, he hadn't bothered to ask permission.
As he drove home from Renee's house, Reldan felt a mounting depression over his poor financial state. His Aunt Lillian's $1,000 Christmas gift had already been expended, and Reldan was subsisting on unemployment insurance and $50 a month from a worker's compensation claim. His aunt had also given him a new Volkswagen convertible when he was released from prison, and, while appreciative for that means of transportation, he often sulked at the thought of her immense wealth and the meager amount she seemed willing to part with for him. Each of her gifts only bred more resentment in him, and now, with no job and no ready cash, he was more depressed than ever.
Reldan's impending return to Florida was also on his mind. William Reldan was opening a restaurant there and had asked for his son's help in setting things up, an unpleasant prospect in the younger Reldan's mind. He and his father hadn't gotten along since high school, but he felt he owed his father enough to give it a try. As Reldan stopped at a T-intersection, waiting to turn north on Windsor Road, his most direct route back to Closter, he would have been in position to see Bernice Caplan pass by—the timing was right and the paths both individuals would have traveled to get to their respective destinations were right.
Why Reldan selected Bernice Caplan as his prey is a matter of conjecture, but his future behavior in this regard supports the theory that it was simply a random choice. She happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. Reldan followed the woman north on Windsor Road in Teaneck that afternoon and saw her turn onto Briarcliffe Road, where she lived. There was no other reason for him to be on that quiet residential street. Robert Reldan saw that Bernice Caplan was alone and vulnerable; he followed her and watched as she walked from her car to the house.
Reldan drove around for a time, mulling over what he was about to do; then, he parked in front of the woman's home, a scheme to gain entry already formed in his mind. From the back seat of the car, he grabbed a suit he had picked up at the dry cleaner's earlier that day. It was still wrapped in plastic. Draping it over his arm, Reldan approached the front door and rang the bell.
Hearing the doorbell, Bernice set down her coffee cup and wondered who might be calling on her. It was too early for the kids to be coming home from their after-school activities, and they would have entered the side door, anyway. She went from the kitchen to the front door and, peering through a small window, saw a well-groomed, pleasant-looking young man, dressed in a light-colored windbreaker and checked pants and holding what appeared to be dry cleaning. He was about six-feet tall and had a muscular, athletic build.
Bernice opened the door slightly. Before she could say anything, the man spoke.
"Brantley?" he said.
Somewhat confused but certainly not alarmed or on guard, Bernice just stood there for a moment, not responding.
"Brantley?" the man repeated, with an expectant smile.
Bernice smiled back and, recovering her composure, said, "No, I'm sorry, you must have the wrong house. This is the Caplan residence, but there are no Brantleys in this neighborhood, as far as I know." It was then Bernice noticed a green convertible with a white top parked at the curb in front of her house. She would later describe the car as "new, very clean, very shiny."
Now it was the young man who put on a confused air. He asked Bernice if he could use her phone to call his employer and get the correct address for the delivery.
Bernice was reluctant to let a stranger into her home, but lulled by his clean-cut look and polite manner, she decided to go with her positive instincts. Stepping aside, she pointed toward the den, where the phone was, and told him to go ahead and make his call.
Reldan put down the suit he was carrying, went to the den, and pretended to make a call. The phone company would later report the call was discontinued in a second or two. After a few moments, Reldan came out of the den and told Bernice his boss wasn't in and he couldn't get the information he needed. Bernice checked a local directory to see if she could assist in finding the right address. She asked if the name was "Brandt." No, Reldan said, it was "Brantley," spelling out the name. Bernice found no such listing in Teaneck.
Reldan then walked toward the front door, with Caplan following. Before they reached the entryway, he spun around and grabbed the startled woman. He turned her so her back was to him and, in what seemed like a practiced and familiar move, roughly placed his left arm around her neck, locking the woman's throat in the crook of his arm.
"Don't scream or I'll kill you," he said. He then demanded money.
Stunned and terrified, Bernice Caplan struggled, using both hands to try to break the vise-like grip around her throat, but Reldan was too strong. His hold got tighter and her breathing more restricted. Still demanding money, Reldan pushed the woman toward the back of the house, stopping near a wall between the den and bathroom. Bernice cried out that her pocketbook was in the kitchen, and he could have all the money she had. She would later tell investigators her attacker no longer seemed interested in money.
Shoving Bernice Caplan's face against the wall, Reldan slid his left arm down and grabbed her throat with his left hand, increasing pressure on the still struggling woman. Bernice could feel Reldan reach under her dress with his right hand and pull down her girdle and panties. She then felt his penis thrusting between her legs and against her vagina. Later, at trial, both she and a medical expert would testify that vaginal penetration had occurred, a necessary element to prove a rape had been committed.
During the sexual assault, Caplan repeatedly begged her assailant to stop, crying, "Why are you doing this?"
Reldan replied, "I'm crazy, don't you know."
When Caplan warned that her son would soon be home from school, perhaps hoping that information would get the madman to stop what he was doing to her, Reldan said, "If that boy walks through the door, I'll kill him. I have a gun in my pocket."
Continuing his sexual assault, Reldan told her, "Be quiet, I'm almost finished." He never released his chokehold on her throat during the rape. The more she tried to scream or break free, the stronger his grip became. Caplan would later tell police, "His fingers seemed to be searching for something in my throat." The chokehold tightened as her attacker neared his climax.
Reldan ejaculated on his victim's buttocks and then directed her to go into the bathroom and "clean up." He told her not to try to escape through the bathroom window, or he would kill her. Locking herself in the bathroom, Bernice waited in fear until she thought her assailant had fled. She opened the bathroom door, but to her horror, the man was still inside the front door. He turned and coldly stared at her for what seemed like an eternity but was more likely seconds. Bernice knew she would never forget that look or the man's face. After he opened the front door and left, she ran to the den and called police.
As the rape was taking place, before Reldan made good his escape from the scene, a 14-year-old neighborhood boy was walking past the Caplan residence on his way home from school. The youngster, a self-proclaimed sports car enthusiast with a special interest in Volkswagens, took notice of the green convertible parked in front of 330 Briarcliffe Road. Later, at trial, the teenager described the vehicle as "a nice, shiny car." He also reported that there were two distinctive decals on the back of the vehicle and later used that fact to positively identify police photos of Reldan's car as the vehicle he saw that day, April 27, 1967.
Teaneck police began calling Volkswagen dealers in Bergen County and checking motor vehicle records to identify owners of late model green convertibles fitting the description they had received. They turned up the name of Robert R. Reldan, a Closter resident. By contacting detectives in that town, investigators learned about Reldan's extensive criminal background, especially as it related to assaults on women. They also found out he was on parole from New York State, something that would enable them to force his appearance at police headquarters. Believing they had their man but wanting a positive identification before making an arrest, Teaneck detectives asked their Closter colleagues to call Reldan and have him come to their headquarters that evening—April 29—for questioning on some unspecified criminal matter. As a parolee, Reldan had no choice but to comply.
The detectives transported Bernice Caplan to the Closter police station, where Reldan was being kept in an enclosed room, visible only through one-way glass. Upon spotting Reldan, Caplan immediately and emotionally identified him as her attacker. She also saw Reldan's car in the police parking lot and spontaneously identified it as the vehicle she saw parked in front of her home before the assault.
Reldan was arrested on the spot and taken to the Bergen County jail, pending a court appearance on the charge of rape. Despite frantic attempts by his family to get him released on bail, Reldan remained locked up, primarily because New York State authorities filed a "detainer" against him as a parole violator.
On June 2, 1967, Robert Reldan's 27th birthday, a Bergen County grand jury returned an indictment charging him with raping Bernice Caplan. He was arraigned on that charge—a formal procedure in which a defendant enters a not-guilty plea—on June 9, and the matter was listed for trial the following month.
Thomas M. Maher, an accomplished member of the criminal defense bar in Bergen County, represented Reldan. It was just the second time Reldan would be facing a jury, the first time being the Fort Lee home invasion and sexual molestation case four years earlier, a trial he won by getting a hung jury. Assistant Prosecutor Thomas J. Ryan presented the State's case, which began on July 13, 1967, before County Court Judge John Shields, sitting in Hackensack.
The State's proofs consisted largely of the testimony of Bernice Caplan and Keith Strickland, the boy who observed Reldan's car in front of the Caplan residence. It included Mrs. Caplan's identification of Robert Reldan as her attacker, a fact she was absolutely certain of. The physician who examined Mrs. Caplan after the rape also testified as to vaginal penetration.
This was an era before the science of DNA identification, and lab work was not as conclusive as it is today. Nevertheless, a state police lab technician testified that semen was detected on the dress Bernice Caplan had been wearing when the attack occurred and that semen was also detected on tissue paper discovered in the pocket of Reldan's tan windbreaker. Also, human hair found on Reldan's jacket was of the same color and texture as Caplan's hair. That was as precise as forensic science would allow in 1967.
Reldan's attorney could offer no testimony to rebut the State's medical and lab evidence, but did call Reldan's two girlfriends—Renee Ross and Beverly Moles—to the witness stand to provide an alibi for him. Renee testified that Reldan left her house at 3:10 p.m. on the day of the rape. (Her mother, also a witness, put the time closer to 3:05.) Beverly Moles said that, at about 3:30 p.m., as she was leaving work for the day, Reldan showed up unexpectedly at the bank parking lot in Fort Lee where she worked though they had no plans to meet that afternoon.
By Monday, July 17, witness testimony was completed and all evidence presented. The lawyers delivered their summations, each carefully laying out for the jury what he considered strong points of his case and weak points of his opponent's case. It all hinged on whose testimony jurors would give the greater weight to: Bernice Caplan's tearful but unequivocal identification of Robert Reldan as her attacker, or the alibi provided by Reldan's two girlfriends. If the alibi witnesses were to be believed and Reldan was in their company at the times they specified, then he could not have committed the Caplan rape. There just wasn't time, considering the 15 minutes or so it normally took to get from Teaneck to Fort Lee.
As in every criminal trial, the burden of proof was on the prosecution, and that burden had to be met beyond a reasonable doubt, a legal concept that defies precise definition and is often confusing. All that was left was for the judge to give his charge to the jury.
Robert Reldan's jury took the Caplan rape case from the judge at 2:05 p.m. on Monday, July 17, 1967. After deliberating less than two hours, they were back in court telling the judge they were deadlocked. Judge Shields gave them the standard "jury deadlock" charge and sent them back to their deliberations, but it was no good. They were back less than an hour later, insisting they could not reach a verdict.
Reldan had won again—the jury was hung, and a mistrial declared by the judge. The handsome young man with the "collegiate look," despite a positive, in-court identification by his victim, somehow avoided a conviction—at least temporarily. One or more jurors disregarded Bernice Caplan's identification and chose to believe that the clean-cut preppy seated confidently next to his attorney, with his supportive family in the row behind him, could not have committed so evil a crime. And he didn't even have to take the witness stand, where he would have been subject to cross-examination by the prosecutor and where his prior convictions could have been used to impeach his credibility.
On September 25, 1967, Reldan's re-trial for the Caplan rape began before Judge Arthur J. O'Dea. On the first morning, Reldan requested permission to fire his experienced defense attorney, giving "drastic changes in circumstances" as the reason. Reldan refused to specify what those circumstances were, and Judge O'Dea properly denied his request. This was a gambit Reldan would use again in his criminal career in an attempt to delay trial proceedings against him. Delay frequently works in favor of a criminal defendant and against the State. Memories fade, witnesses disappear, evidence sometimes gets misplaced, and defendants reap the benefit.
The second trial also lasted three days, but First Assistant Prosecutor Fred Galda—a tough, take-no-prisoners litigator who would later have a long and distinguished career as a judge—prosecuted the case. With a different prosecutor, a different judge, and a different set of jurors in the box, justice was served. The jury convicted Reldan of all charges, and he was remanded to the Bergen County jail to await sentencing.
Convicted of a sex crime, Reldan was required by law as part of the presentence report to be evaluated by the State Diagnostic and Treatment Center in Rahway, New Jersey, to determine if he was a sexual predator. Three doctors examined him on October 18, 1967. They concluded that Robert Reldan "showed a compulsive pattern of sexual behavior" and noted that Reldan strived to be "ingratiating and manipulative," using terminology from psychology and psychiatry in an effort to impress his examiners.
The caseworker interviewed Reldan's parents and put together the presentence report. The family of an innocent crime victim deserves the sympathy and support of everyone connected with the criminal justice system, but one also can feel, at times, a legitimate regard for the criminal's parents, whose offspring has taken a path at odds with the way they had brought him up. It is difficult to feel any sympathy for William and Marie Reldan's continuing denial of reality. Their blind loyalty to their son, taking his side in every criminal endeavor he ever engaged in, actually facilitated Robert Reldan's lifetime of crime . . . and resulted in a tragic aftermath of brutalized female victims. The presentence report said that Reldan's parents "maintain[ed] their son's innocence in regard to the charge of rape." They were hoping the court would not incarcerate their son and had arranged to have him admitted to a private treatment facility in Canada, if he could be kept out of prison. "They understand that the boy has a mental problem," the report continued, "and they are very distraught over this whole matter." But the report went on to state that the parents "cannot picture their son committing this offense, as he has many girlfriends and, further, that he did not need money."
The report recommended Reldan be sentenced in accordance with the New Jersey Sexual Predators Act, which specified "indeterminate" terms of incarceration at the State Diagnostic and Treatment Center, with a specified maximum. Following this recommendation, Judge O'Dea sentenced Reldan to an indeterminate term at the Rahway facility, not to exceed 30 years.
After sentencing, Reldan's first stop was the diagnostic section of the prison, where he remained for four months while the evaluation process continued. Classified as a "special sex offender," he was transferred to the treatment section of the facility, there to begin psychological counseling and therapy to eliminate or, at least, bring under control his "repetitive, compulsive pattern of sexual behavior."
From the outset, Robert Reldan became a model prisoner/patient in the sex offender treatment program. He impressed the staff with his intelligence and eagerness to be cooperative and to learn. His attitude of superiority initially put off his fellow inmates, but they, too, were soon won over. Reldan eventually gained everyone's acceptance, it seemed. Even normally skeptical staff members were hard put to resist membership in the "Bobby Reldan Fan Club."
No one, however, was more taken with or charmed by Robert Reldan than William Prendergast, the assistant superintendent of the Rahway treatment unit. In time, the relationship between Prendergast and Reldan became so close that staff were concerned the unit's supervisor was neglecting other inmates to act almost exclusively as this one prisoner's full-time therapist.
In less than three years, Prendergast would become Robert Reldan's ticket to freedom and he would lead Reldan, inadvertently, to his next female victim.


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Image Requests
Base Request
Gravatar images may be requested just like a normal image, using an IMG
tag. To get an image specific to a user, you must first calculate their email hash.
The most basic image request URL looks like this:
where HASH is replaced with the calculated hash for the specific email address you are requesting. For example, here is my base URL:
When wrapped in an IMG
tag, that URL will produce:

If you require a file-type extension (some places do) then you may also add an (optional) .jpg
extension to that URL:
By default, images are presented at 80px by 80px if no size parameter is supplied. You may request a specific image size, which will be dynamically delivered from Gravatar by using the s=
or size=
parameter and passing a single pixel dimension (since the images are square):
You may request images anywhere from 1px up to 2048px, however note that many users have lower resolution images, so requesting larger sizes may result in pixelation/low-quality images.
Default Image
What happens when an email address has no matching Gravatar image? By default, this:
If you'd prefer to use your own default image (perhaps your logo, a funny face, whatever), then you can easily do so by supplying the URL to an image in the d=
or default=
parameter. The URL should be URL-encoded to ensure that it carries across correctly, for example:

To URL-encode a string in PHP, you can use something like this:
echo urlencode( 'https://example.com/images/avatar.jpg' );
When you include a default image, Gravatar will automatically serve up that image if there is no image associated with the requested email hash. There are a few conditions which must be met for default image URL:
- MUST be publicly available (e.g. cannot be on an intranet, on a local development machine, behind HTTP Auth or some other firewall etc). Default images are passed through a security scan to avoid malicious content.
- MUST be accessible via HTTP or HTTPS on the standard ports, 80 and 443, respectively.
- MUST have a recognizable image extension (jpg, jpeg, gif, png)
- MUST NOT include a querystring (if it does, it will be ignored)
In addition to allowing you to use your own image, Gravatar has a number of built in options which you can also use as defaults. Most of these work by taking the requested email hash and using it to generate a themed image that is unique to that email address. To use these options, just pass one of the following keywords as the d=
parameter to an image request:
- 404: do not load any image if none is associated with the email hash, instead return an HTTP 404 (File Not Found) response
- mp: (mystery-person) a simple, cartoon-style silhouetted outline of a person (does not vary by email hash)
- identicon: a geometric pattern based on an email hash
- monsterid: a generated 'monster' with different colors, faces, etc
- wavatar: generated faces with differing features and backgrounds
- retro: awesome generated, 8-bit arcade-style pixelated faces
- robohash: a generated robot with different colors, faces, etc
- blank: a transparent PNG image (border added to HTML below for demonstration purposes)
Force Default
If for some reason you wanted to force the default image to always load, you can do that by using the f=
or forcedefault=
parameter, and setting its value to y
Gravatar allows users to self-rate their images so that they can indicate if an image is appropriate for a certain audience. By default, only 'G' rated images are displayed unless you indicate that you would like to see higher ratings. Using the r=
or rating=
parameters, you may specify one of the following ratings to request images up to and including that rating:
- g: suitable for display on all websites with any audience type.
- pg: may contain rude gestures, provocatively dressed individuals, the lesser swear words, or mild violence.
- r: may contain such things as harsh profanity, intense violence, nudity, or hard drug use.
- x: may contain hardcore sexual imagery or extremely disturbing violence.
If the requested email hash does not have an image meeting the requested rating level, then the default image is returned (or the specified default, as per above)
To allow images rated G or PG use something like this:
Combining Parameters
You may combine any and all of the above parameters to produce more complex/refined requests. For example, this URL will request a 200px by 200px Gravatar rated G or PG, defaulting to a 404 response (no image) if there is not one associated with the requested email hash:
Secure Requests
As you may have noticed, all of the above example URLs start with HTTPS. You don't need to do anything special to load Gravatars on a secure page, just make sure your Gravatar URLs start with 'https' (or you can use the 'protocol-agnostic' approach of starting the URLs with '//' which will automatically use 'https:' on a secure page, or 'http:' on an insecure one).
Special Thanks
To Scott for identicons and monsterids
To Shamus for wavatars


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Sample Size: 2X4 or 4X4 depending on availability.
Valley White
2cm Half Slab 28″ x 119″
2cm Full Slab 56″ x 119″
3cm Half Slab 28″ x 119
3cm Full Slab 56″ x 119″
2cm Jumbo Slab 65″ x 130″
3cm Jumbo Slab 65″ x 130″
Pompeii Quartz is made with natural stone products and shade variation is inherent. Pompeii Quartz makes every effort to keep color variation to a minimum. These photos are representative of the color but may vary from the material you actually receive.
Free shipping to the Continental United States.


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text:
At the beginning of the year, we announced an effort we've undertaken to help address the central, unsolved problems central to employment in the user-centered field.
We're hard at work on a series of articles and active initiatives we think will lead to useful resolutions to the nagging problems surrounding hiring and getting hired.
There are, however, other issues affecting the employment market and exacerbating efforts to explain the value and range of UX to the outside world. We see taxonomy and the relative immaturity of our industry at top of this list, but want to know if some of you have other ideas.
UX Magazine exists to facilitate in-depth discussions of important topics just like these. We're going to raise our voice a bit to help start bigger conversations that can lead our community toward answers and maybe even some consensus. We need some thoughts from you:
- What are the best issues that the reach and influence of UX Magazine can be used to address?
- What are the best ways to move these important conversations forward?
Let us know:
- Comment below
- Tweet us: "Hey, @uxmag, <your thoughts> https://uxm.ag/142"
- Hit us up on Facebook
- Email us directly: Our Managing Editor, Josh Tyson, is standing by
Also, if you run or are involved with a local UX meet-up or book club and would like to work with us to foster a conversation at a local level that we can bubble up to the international level, please contact Josh.
Image of comic hero courtesy Shuttertock


text:
Clayton Kershaw (12-9, 2.68) vs. Jeff Francis (5-6, 5.54).
"The journey of six games begins with a single pitch," Lao Tzu is often credited with saying, and if the Dodgers are going to make a thing of this, that pitch will be coming from the left hand of Clayton Kershaw. Along with Matt Kemp, Kershaw has demonstrated he will put his body on the line as long as the Dodgers have a chance, and for that we should be thankful.
Unfortunately, the Rockies have a pocketful of the Dodgers' Kryptonite — soft-tossing lefties. Don't let those numbers fool you: last time Jeff Francis faced the Dodgers, it was ugly. The Dodger bats have been super for their past two games, resulting in eight runs per game. What happens when super meets Kryptonite?