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The Wrath of Khan
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Title :
The Wrath of Khan
Rating :
Number :
Stardate :
First Aired :
Year :
Director :
Nicholas Meyer
Writers :
Harve Bennet
Jack B. Sowards
Main Cast :
James Doohan
Montgomery Scott
DeForest Kelley
Leonard H. McCoy
Walter Koenig
Pavel A. Chekov
Nichelle Nichols
Nyota Uhura
Leonard Nimoy
William Shatner
James T. Kirk
George Takei
Hikaru Sulu
Grace Lee Whitney
Janice Rand
Guest Cast :
Kirstie Alley
Lieutenant Saavik
Bibi Besch
Doctor Carol Marcus
Merritt Butrick
Doctor David Marcus
Ike Eisenmann
Peter Preston
Nicholas Guest
as Cadet
Dianne Harper
as Radio voice
Paul Kent
Commander Beach
Joel Marstan
as Crew chief
Ricardo Montalban
Khan Noonien Singh
David Ruprecht
as Radio voice
Judson Scott
Kevin Sullivan
Russell Takaki
John Vargas
Theresa E. Victor
as Bridge voice
Marcy Vosburgh
as Computer voice
Paul Winfield
Captain Clark Terrell
John Winston
When Saavik asks Kirk for suggestions as to how to proceed in the simulator, he replies "Prayer, Mister Saavik, the Klingons don't take prisoners." Yeah, actually they do. On Organia, for example, they took hostages and shot them whenever there was an act of rebellion. In ST III the Klingon commander had David, Spock and Saavik held prisoner. Archer was held prisoner by the Klingons once and put on trial, as was Kirk in ST VI. Kirk was even sentenced to imprisonment at his trial, in a prison, full of other prisoners.
Are we seriously to believe that nobody on the Reliant knew the Ceti Alpha system was the site of Khan's 'colony'? Khan hijacked the entire Enterprise, surely Kirk must have submitted a report detailing that incident and his decision to strand the group on Ceti Alpha V, right? So did nobody on the Reliant think to look the system up before they went there? For that matter, if Chekov was around when Khan was dropped off (see below for discussion of that), why doesn't the name "Ceti Alpha" ring a bell with him?
And even if they didn't look up whether there were colonies on any of the planets for some reason, surely they would at least
the planets in the system when they arrived and notice one was
Along those lines, the standard naming convention in Trek is (Star name) (order from the sun outwards). So Earth, being the third planet out from the star known as Sol, would be Sol 3. (They actually use Roman Numerals, but I'll use regular ones for the sake of simplicity.) Mars would be Sol 4, Neptune would be Sol 8, etc. Khan and his band were marooned on Ceti Alpha 5. Six months later, Ceti Alpha 6 exploded. Then the Reliant arrived, intending to investigate Ceti Alpha 6. Only since Ceti Alpha 6 wasn't there any more, they went to Ceti Alpha 5 thinking it was Ceti Alpha 6. So how does that make any sense at all? Even if the 6th planet is missing, how do you then mistake the 5th one for the 6th one? Wouldn't you still count out from the sun and then think that it's Ceti Alpha 7 that is actually Ceti Alpha 6? I mean, that would still be utterly stupid, because the 7th planet would still be in a completely different orbit than the place where the 6th planet was. But at least the problem then is that you didn't bother to look up the planetary orbits, rather than the fact that nobody on the ship can successfully count to six!
Of course, Khan does claim that the shock of the explosion shifted the orbit of Ceti Alpha 5. So are we supposed to believe that it shifted the orbit SO much that it actually moved Ceti Alpha 5 out right the way past the empty space where Ceti Alpha 6 was, then on out past Ceti Alpha 7 - which is the only way you could possibly think Ceti Alpha 5 was Ceti Alpha 6. But if so, then that's just absolutely ridiculous. Explosions in space don't actually produce a 'shock', because there's nothing for a shockwave to travel through. So you'd pretty much have to have a big chunk of Ceti Alpha 6 hit Ceti Alpha 5 with enough energy (and in the right direction) to boost its orbit right the way out to past Ceti Alpha 7. And do so without, say, smashing the planet into a million pieces when it hit it. And still leaving the environment of the planet survivable (consider the asteroid impact that wiped out the dinosaurs. Thosuands of times bigger that all the nuclear bombs built in the history of the world combined. This would be quadrillions of times bigger than that.) Which is impossible on just about every level.
And how does a planet just explode, anyway? Planets aren't made of dynamite! Earth has been around for a very long time, it's never just decided to explode!
So Khan says he remembers meeting Chekov on the Enterprise during TOS when he meets him on Ceti Alpha V. However, the Chekov character wasn't invented until after the episode in which Khan features. This isn't to say that he wasn't on the ship but unseen, though.
So, why exactly
Kirk raise the shields when Reliant approaches the Enterprise? Okay, I get that part of the point of the film is that he hasn't been in space for a long while, and he's super rusty - in the course of the film he gradually returns to the kick ass awesome officer he used to be. So maybe he just forgot or something. But... Saavik points out to him that regulations
him to raise shields under these circumstances. She says it right there on the bridge in public, and the only response she gets is Spock telling her that Kirk is "well aware of the regulations." Well no Spock, apparently he
well aware of the regulations, or else he would be following them! Or he is aware of them, and he's just thinking "ah, screw it, I'll do what I like." Which, if so, means that Kirk is guilty of professional negligence and incompetence which resulted in serious damage to a Federation military asset and the death of at least one cadet. That's an instant court martial and goodbye career moment there, surely? In fact had he raised shields as soon as they detected Reliant, it's arguable that they would have crippled or destroyed Reliant right there, or at least driven it off with little or no damage to themselves. In which case they could have gone on to Regula One and protected the station and planetoid from Reliant until reinforcements arrived, which would mean Khan would never have gotten hold of the Genesis device. And Spock would not have been killed.
Great Moment :
Spock's death scene.
The battle scenes were awesome.
Body Count :
Spock! Preston, Khan and his entire crew, Captain Terrell, at least seven members of the Genesis team plus a small animal indigenous to Ceti Alpha V. It seems likely that several members of the Enterprise crew died in Khan's attacks.
Factoid :
This is Kirsti Alley's first film role.
The film opens with a young Vulcan woman sitting in the Big Chair on the Enterprise, commanding the ship on an apparently routine patrol near the Klingon Neutral Zone. The ship receives a distress call from the freighter Kobyashi Maru - the ship has hit a gravitic mine and is adrift in the neutral zone. The commander, whose name is Saavik, orders the Enterprise to violate the zone despite objections from Sulu.
Within minutes of their crossing the border, three Klingon battlecruisers arrive on the scene. As Saavik attempts to communicate with them the Klingons open fire, damaging the Enterprise. Nothing she tries has any effect and within moments the bridge crew are dropping like flies as explosions rock the ship. She orders all hands to abandon the Enterprise to its fate...
...only to have the view screen slide open and Admiral Kirk step through and order an end to the simulation. We learn that the whole thing has been a test of Saaviks command abilities. She objects that the test was not fair as there was no way to win, only to have Kirk inform her that this is the whole point of the Kobyashi Maru scenario. It is a character test, and Kirk declares that how a cadet faces death is at least as important as how she faces life.
The simulator is located on Earth, at Starfleet academy; Admiral Kirk is apparently in command of the facility after having given up the Captaincy of the Enterprise in favour of Spock. It is Kirks birthday, and he receives a gift from Spock - a copy of "A Tale of Two Cities". The two part, and Kirk heads home to meet with Bones. Despite the occasion Kirk feels depressed at the onset of old age, and Bones advises him that he should try to regain his command.
Meanwhile, the Miranda class USS Reliant is engaged in a mission for the mysterious "Genesis Project". The ship is attempting to find a planet which has absolutely no trace of life, apparently a difficult task. Their latest target, Ceti Alpha VI, looks promising except for a single localized reading. The ships Captain beams down with the Executive Officer, one Commander Pavel Chekov. They find a desolate windswept desert, but quickly locate a group of cargo containers. As they investigate they are captured by a group of mysterious robed figures.
As the leader reveals himself Chekov gasps in surprise - it is Khan, the genetically engineered tyrant left on Ceti Alpha V by Captain Kirk many years before. Khan reveals that this planet is in fact Ceti Alpha V - shortly after Kirk left Ceti Alpha VI exploded, laying waste to the planet. Many of Khans people died in the aftermath, and Khan has nurtured a fanatical hatred of Kirk ever since. Khan introduces the two to Ceti Alpha V's only remaining indigenous life form - a small slug like creature which burrows into the brain through the ear, rendering the victim extremely susceptible to suggestion before killing them. With Chekov and Terrell now under control, Khan captures the Reliant. He heads directly for the Genesis Project research centre.
Back at Earth Kirk is on an inspection tour of the Enterprise to asses its cadet crew on a training cruise. Saavik pilots the ship out of Spacedock, much to Kirks consternation, but things proceed smoothly and the ship is soon on its way. Kirk bumps into Saavik in a turbolift, and she questions how he performed when he took the Kobyashi Maru test - a question he refuses to answer. Shortly afterwards they receive an emergency call from Carol Marcus, leader of the Genesis Project. She is complaining that Reliant is on its way to confiscate the Genesis Project, apparently on Kirks authority, but her transmission is jammed by the Reliant and she can get no answer.
Kirk assumes command of the Enterprise and heads for Regula at warp speed. He shows Spock and McCoy a computer record of the application for funding for Genesis. The project is intended to create a small device called the Genesis torpedo which can be detonated on a planet, causing it to be almost instantly transformed into whatever type of world the designers care to create. But the weapon potential is terrible - the device will destroy and reform an inhabited planet just as easily as it would a lifeless surface. While the officers debate the morality of the technology, sensors detect the Reliant approaching.
Thinking that the ship is friendly, Kirk fails to raise his shields and Khan cripples the Enterprise with phaser and photon torpedo fire. Khan demands the secrets of the Genesis technology from Kirk but the Admiral manages to outwit him and land some heavy blows on the Reliant in turn, forcing Khan to retreat. Kirk proceeds to Regula and finds the stations entire crew dead, tortured by Khan for Genesis information. He locates Terrell and Chekov on board, claiming that they escaped from Khan while he was there. Kirk orders the Enterprise to wait a few hours then head back to get reinforcements. As they search the station they discover the transporter has beamed something down deep inside the planetoid Regula is orbiting. Kirk follows, and finds Carol Marcus and her son David in a cavern with the Genesis torpedo.
Unfortunately, Chekov and Terrell are still under Khans command and turn their phasers on Kirk. But as Khan orders them to kill Kirk via a comm. link, Terrell commits suicide and Chekovs parasite forces its way out of his ear. Khan beams the Genesis device up and leaves Kirk marooned, but when he goes to destroy the Enterprise he cannot find it.
On the planetoid we discover that David is Kirks son, from a romance he had with Carol many years ago - although David doesn't know this. Kirk once again expresses his regret at how his life has gone, saying he feels old and tired. Carol shows Kirk the Genesis cave - a space miles across filled with plant life which took only a day to create - in an attempt to make him feel batter. While they are in the cave Saavik once again questions Kirk about the Kobyashi Maru test, and McCoy reveals that Kirk is the only Cadet in history to beat the no-win scenario - by cheating, reprogramming the simulator so it was possible to rescue the ship. Kirk tells a stunned Saavik that he doesn't believe there is such a thing as a no win scenario in real life, and to prove the point hails the Enterprise and asks to be beamed up. He explains to Saavik that they have been lying over the comm. channels to trick Khan into believing the ship is far more damaged that it really is. Instead of leaving, Spock has hidden the ship beneath Regula.
Even so, the Enterprise is still at a big disadvantage. Kirk heads to the nearby Mutara Nebula, provoking Khan into following him with some well chosen insults. In the nebula both ships are blinded and shields are useless, but the odds are at least even. The ships pound on each other as opportunity allows, until finally Spock points out that Khans inexperience is leading him to think two dimensionally. Kirk ducks under the Reliant and comes up behind it, damaging the ship badly with photon torpedoes.
Khan refuses to surrender, and instead activates the Genesis torpedo. The Enterprise attempts to flee, but with main power off-line and no way to get to the engine room because of radioactive contamination, they don't have the speed to escape. Spock leaves the bridge, and heads for the engine room in order to perform the necessary repairs. Bones attempts to stop him, but Spock neck pinches him - and before going into the room he mind melds with the doctor, saying the single word "remember...".
With only seconds to spare Spock repairs the engines, and the ship escapes the massive detonation. As a new planet forms behind them, Kirk races down to the engine room to find Spock dying of radiation sickness. The two exchange an emotional farewell, with Spock admitting that "you have been, and always shall be, my friend" as he dies.
The funeral is held in the ships torpedo bay. Kirk makes a speech in which he says that "of all the souls I have encountered in my travels, his was the most Human", and Spock is launched into space. As the Enterprise leaves orbit, Kirk says that he feels re-invigorated by recent events.
This film is a roller coaster ride, and is usually voted as the fans favourite film. Many of the mistakes of the original are corrected - most importantly the basic story is a very strong and relatively fast paced one. The cool colours of the first film are replaced by a much brighter look, and the pyjama uniforms are replaced with much more military looking outfits. Wrath of Khan also has something The Motion Picture lacked entirely - an excellent bad guy. V'Ger is mostly an unknown quantity with no apparent motivation, and while it is established as being extremely powerful its lack of any real hostility removes any real sense of threat. While Khan is a much more limited threat, he is at least a very positive and determined one. Ricardo Montelban puts in an excellent performance - he is truly convincing as the vengance-obsessed Khan, spitting hatred at Kirk right up until the end.
The film also neatly tackles a rather obvious pitfall. Even this early on in the series there was considerable comment about how "past it" the original crew were getting - jokes about expanding waistlines and wigs, that kind of thing. The Wrath of Khan hits this issue head on by making it an integral part of the story; we see the effects his advancing age is having on Kirk in several key scenes. Best is the one with McCoy on his birthday - the scene is well written and both Shatner and Kelley put in good performances here. One nice touch is the ticking clock you can just hear in the background throughout the scene, a subtle reminder of the passing of time which troubles Kirk so much.
Early drafts of the script featured a new kind of extremely powerful weapon - essentially the Genesis Device was the 24th century equivalent of the atomic bomb. Changing it from an agent of destruction to an agent of creation (albeit with the destructive possibilities still there) brought it much more in line with the Trek ethos, and was a very clever move.
The film is not without its occasional flaws, however. The worst of these is the Reliants mistaking Ceti Alpha V for Ceti Alpha VI. The excuse given for this is that when Ceti Alpha VI exploded, Ceti Alpha V was shifted into a new orbit. There are things that could make a planet "explode" - collision with a sufficiently large and high speed body would do it - but it beggars belief that this could cause a massive change in another worlds orbit, at least in the way the film depicts. For Reliant to mistake one planet for the other, the very least that would be required would be to have Ceti Alpha V shifted out into Ceti Alpha VI's orbit, a distance which is presumably at least a few million kilometres or so, arriving in the exact position at the exact time needed to be mistaken for the other planet. But even assuming that the orbits and explosion were such that this happened, it beggars belief that the two planets are exactly the same size, have exactly the same mass, exactly the same surface geography, etc. Not to mention that the destruction of Ceti Alpha VI should have left a new asteroid belt... Reliants crew should have known something was up before they ever even entered the system. Still, the error is not a film-killer since it only affects one point of the plot.
The most noticeable issue as far as effects are concerned is that many of the shots used are copied from the first film. Given the way that TMP's budget spiralled it's no surprise that Meyer kept a tight rein on this one, and the re-use of effects has no real negative impact on the film since it's limited to just a few scenes. Still, I always wonder what it would have been like it this film had been given the sort of budget that TMP had.
Overall then, The Wrath of Khan is an excellent film and certainly one of my favourites.
Special Edition Release
The special edition DVD of Star Trek II is an impressive release, although it is not quite up to the standard set by The Motion Picture special edition. The movie itself features some additional material, but this is restricted to one or two lines or short scenes. Saavick and Spock's talking in Vulcan about Kirk shortly after he begins his inspection is the longest addition. There are a few lines in the engine room which establish that the young cadet Scotty later carries to the bridge is indeed Scotty's nephew. There is a little extra on Regula One, Bones has one or two more lines regarding the implications of the Genesis device, Kirk says a line in sickbay about how he beat Khan's initial attack... altogether these changes probably add no more than a couple of minutes to the movie.
So don't buy this if you want to see all kinds of deleted scenes. There is a good set of extras; on the main movie there is a voiceover commentary by director Nicholas Meyer which is quite an interesting all-round view of the movie, while the equally good text commentary by Michael Okuda focuses somewhat more on the technical aspects of the sets and special effects. The bonus disk features various extras - a recently made documentary focuses around Harve Bennet, Micholas Meyer, William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy. Another documentary focuses on the visual effects created for the movie - lots of detail about the Motarra Nebula here, as well as plenty of shots of ILM doing model work. There is also a set of interviews with Shatner, Nimoy and DeForest Kelley which were done at the time of the movie's initial release.
Some of the extras do tend to repeat one another - for instance I lost count of how many times I was informed that the Starship Reliant design was originally the other way up, until Meyer pulled the plans out of an envelope upside down and signed off on the design without realising. But this is a pretty minor point, and overall the extras are well worth watching.
The oddest feature is a documentary about Greg Cox and Julia Echlar, who have written various Star Trek novels - this section is included because those novels include one which focuses on the Kobayashi Maru test, and a trilogy which fills in much of Khan's backstory and attempts to explain why you didn't see the Eugenics wars on CNN back in 1997. Both authors come across as more than a little off the wall, but in a fun way - and what absolutely shines through is their enthusiasm and love for Star Trek and their sense of pride at having their own little corner of it to play with.
We also have a whole slew of storyboards to watch. I've never been terribly keen on storyboards - they can be interesting if they depict alternate scenes or ideas that never made it onto film, but personally I don't see the point of looking at drawings when you can just fire up the movie and look at the finished product. The quality of the artwork on these isn't all that impressive in any case, but if storyboards are your thing then there certainly are quite a few of them here to keep you going.
Finally, there is an original trailer for the movie. Again this isn't really my thing, but it's a pretty good trailer.
All in all the ST II special edition is a good buy, with lots of stuff to interest virtually any fan. I heartily recommend it.
© Graham & Ian Kennedy
Page views : 110,293
Last updated : 12 Oct 2015


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Home » Sound Art - Radio Art » KUBISCH, CHRISTINA: Five Electrical Walks
KUBISCH, CHRISTINA: Five Electrical Walks
In recent years Christina has organised a number of Electrical walks in various cities around the world. The walker is supplied with customised wireless headphones which pick up and make audible the electromagnetic fields generated by light systems, radar, surveillance and alarm systems, neon, public transport networks, cellphones, the internet, ATM machines, Wi-fi - and so on: a sea of normally inaudible data through which we constantly wade, oblivious to its restless chatter. The walker also has a street map with a suggested route and listening points. The CD is a composite in 5 parts of several such walks in Birmingham, Chicago, Teipei, Paris, Bremen, Riga, Tokyo, Madrid, London, New York and Berlin, each concentrating on particular kinds of sounds or environments. A vast range of pulses, roars, hums, buzzes, thin siren tones and rich chords creating rhythms, drones and shifting colours. These are the soundscapes we never hear. But here they are.
Code: IMPREC167
Price: £14.50


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This is the "community" beginners guide for TI's ARM based OMAP3 Beagle Board. For "official" beginners guide see My Beagle Board Out of the box experience. If something doesn't work or isn't covered in these guides, please feel free to ask at IRC or mailing list. But before you ask there, make sure you read the FAQs.
So I got this little board, what do I do now?
- 1 Types of BeagleBoard
- 2 Finding all the right hardware
- 3 Getting Started
- 4 Setting up serial connection between your desktop machine and the BeagleBoard
- 5 First interaction with the board
- 6 SD card setup
- 7 Writing the Ångström image into the SDcard and finally booting GNU/Linux
- 8 Connect with your beagleboard using VNC and ethernet over USB
- 9 Development with Ångström
- 10 Important USB Cable Information
- 11 Further reading
- 12 Thanks to
- 13 Translations
Types of BeagleBoard
There are two major types of BeagleBoard currently in existence- the original BeagleBoard and the BeagleBoard-xM. The xM was released rather recently. Consequentially, much of the online documentation that will come up on Google searches for "BeagleBoard" refers to the original version, and not the xM. Typically, the word "BeagleBoard", when used alone without modifiers, refers specifically to the original BeagleBoard and not to the BeagleBoard xM. Major differences between the two are:
- 1. They have different inputs, so they require different peripherals, and
- 2. The original BeagleBoard has flash NAND memory, while the BeagleBoard xM does not, so the micro SD card used to boot the xM must contain 3 files... MLO, u-boot.bin, and uImage. Original BeagleBoards have u-boot loaded on the NAND flash memory.
BB xM also has several subversions: including Rev A, Rev B, and Rev C. Each of these are slightly different, so make a note of which revision you have.
Finding all the right hardware
Original BeagleBoard
Links to the recommended collection of peripherals can be found on the bottom of BeagleBoard.org/hardware, but a slightly more detailed comprehensive shopping list can be found on the Beagle Board Shopping List.
BeagleBoard xM
This website has a list of required cables for xM and as well as a guide to getting the Angstrom, Android, and Ubuntu OSs running on the xM, which require slightly different processes than to do the same thing on the original BB.
Differences between requirements of the original BeagleBoard and the BeagleBoard xM
Peripheral required | Original BeagleBoard | BeagleBoard xM |
Power Source | Can take either mini-a male to standard-a male OTG (On-The-Go) USB cable OR a standard type 5V AC-to-DC power brick with a 2.1mm barrel plug. | Use a standard-type 5V AC-to-DC power brick with 2.1mm barrel plug. OTG USB cable will not work (well) as a power source for BB xM because #1: USB is insufficient to power the xM and #2: when booting xM with USB OTG cable you will get a "kernel panic" error message and the board will not boot properly. |
Serial cable (for talking to BB on your desktop machine) | DB9M to IDC10F AT/Everex Serial Adapter + null modem serial cable | Female to male DB9 straight through cable. (This will only work if you have an ancient desktop machine. If not, get USB-to-DB9 male straight through cable.) Null modem cable will not work. BB xM has a full-sized female DB9 port so it does not need the IDC10F adapter that BB Original needs. |
SD cards (for putting the operating system on) | Full sized SD cards of at least 4 GBs | Micro SD cards |
Be sure to buy at least one additional SD card. Currently, the BeagleBoard xM is shipped with a micro SD card included that has an Angstrom demo loaded on it. The demo features the Midori web browser and a full GUI desktop. Additionally, all of the USB ports work with no additional setup. The demo Angstrom OS is surprisingly fast, even though it might sound like it has a lot of stuff on it. On the demo image everything is set up correctly for the version of BeagleBoard that you bought. Writing your own SD card (even when using a prebuilt image) can lead to a surprising number of difficulties, partly due to the many different revisions of BeagleBoard which exist. It is best if you can simply keep the original card unchanged, and do your experiments on other ones. Be wary of thinking that you can simply back up the information on your desktop machine. While it is certainly possible to back up this information, some difficulties can arise since the card needs to be formatted a certain way Also, it's easy to accidentally only partially partial copy the root filesystem files off of the SD card onto your desktop machine because of the varying permissions which the different files have.
Getting Started
Original BeagleBoard
First of all you might want to check it for possible defects. To do so, connect a 5-pin Mini-USB cable to the board and to a computer at the other end. If everything's all right you should see one LED light up and, after a short while, two more LEDs coming up too. Also, if you connect some speakers or headphones to the audio output you should hear a burst noise when starting the board. (you won't hear a noise on Rev.C boards, [1]). For a more complete validiation of the rev. C hardware, see [2]
BeagleBoard xM
xM is shipped with a micro SD card containing a demo operating system. To test if it works just click the included micro SD card into the slot, plug in a wired ethernet cable, a USB mouse, a USB keyboard, a DVI-D monitor, and THEN plug in the 5V barrel power cable. (It is important to plug in the power last, because plugging in the monitor while it is powered up can cause damage. Applying power should make it boot up, first showing the BeagleBoard logo in the top of the screen, then an Angstrom loading splash screen, then to a screen saying "Automatic login", and if you do nothing, you should soon be dragging desktop icons around and surfing the Web with Midori.
Setting up serial connection between your desktop machine and the BeagleBoard
(This section refers specifically to the original BeagleBoard)
Connect a serial (COM port) cable (known as the AT/Everex Cable) to the 10-pin header on the board: it's next to the power input. Actually, pin number 10 is not used on either end of the cable, so if you have an AT/Everex Cable with a plug in the hole for Pin 10, you can use needle-nose pliers to break off pin 10 on the Beagle Board. Or you could drill out the plug. I used a hot needle for this purpose and it worked. The advantage to breaking off the pin on the BeagleBoard is that now your cable is keyed, and can't be plugged in backwards. For additional information on IDC to DB9 pin connections see FAQ Serial Connection.
Now you need a Null-Modem DB9 male-male serial cable (that you can also buy from Digikey).
First interaction with the board
Connect the serial cable to the COM port in the beagleboard, and connect the other end to the COM port in the computer.
Super Easy Way Using GNU Screen
As root or sudo do: "screen /dev/ttyS0 115200"
Tedious Old-Fashioned Way Using Minicom
Run minicom setup as root from the host computer:
$ sudo minicom -s You'll get a screen as follows: +-----[configuration]------+ | Filenames and paths | | File transfer protocols | | Serial port setup | | Modem and dialing | | Screen and keyboard | | Save setup as dfl | | Save setup as.. | | Exit | | Exit from Minicom | +--------------------------+
Select Serial port setup:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | A - Serial Device : /dev/ttyS1 | | B - Lockfile Location : /var/lock | | C - Callin Program : | | D - Callout Program : | | E - Bps/Par/Bits : 9600 8N1 | | F - Hardware Flow Control : Yes | | G - Software Flow Control : No | | | | Change which setting? | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Screen and keyboard | | Save setup as dfl | | Save setup as.. | | Exit | | Exit from Minicom | +--------------------------+
Now press E to change those settings:
+-----------[Comm Parameters]------------+ +---------------| |--------------+ | A - Serial | Current: 115200 8N1 | | | B - Lockfile L| | | | C - Callin P| Speed Parity Data | | | D - Callout P| | | | E - Bps/Par| A: 300 L: None S: 5 | | | F - Hardware F| B: 1200 M: Even T: 6 | | | G - Software F| C: 2400 N: Odd U: 7 | | | | D: 4800 O: Mark V: 8 | | | Change whic| E: 9600 P: Space | | +---------------| F: 19200 Stopbits |--------------+ | Screen| G: 38400 W: 1 | | Save s| H: 57600 X: 2 | | Save s| I: 115200 Q: 8-N-1 | | Exit | J: 230400 R: 7-E-1 | | Exit f| | +-------| | | Choice, or <Enter> to exit? | +----------------------------------------+
You should get 115200 8N1, press keys I, L, V and W. When you're done, press Enter.
Now in the previous screen, press F to set Hardware Flow Control to Off. You should have this now:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | A - Serial Device : /dev/ttyS1 | | B - Lockfile Location : /var/lock | | C - Callin Program : | | D - Callout Program : | | E - Bps/Par/Bits : 115200 8N1 | | F - Hardware Flow Control : No | | G - Software Flow Control : No | | | | Change which setting? | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Screen and keyboard | | Save setup as dfl | | Save setup as.. | | Exit | | Exit from Minicom | +--------------------------+
Press Enter to leave this screen, select Save setup as dfl and finally select Exit from Minicom.
Now run minicom as root:
$ sudo minicom
You should get the following screen:
Welcome to minicom 2.2 OPTIONS: Compiled on Sep 8 2008, 17:03:34. Port /dev/ttyS0 Press CTRL-A Z for help on special keys Texas Instruments X-Loader 1.41 Starting OS Bootloader... U-Boot 1.3.3 (Jul 10 2008 - 16:33:09) OMAP3530-GP rev 2, CPU-OPP2 L3-165MHz OMAP3 Beagle Board + LPDDR/NAND DRAM: 128 MB NAND: 256 MiB In: serial Out: serial Err: serial Audio Tone on Speakers ... complete OMAP3 beagleboard.org #
If you don't, check the serial port. You'll have to go back to the config (minicom -s) and get to this screen:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | A - Serial Device : /dev/ttyS1 | | B - Lockfile Location : /var/lock | | C - Callin Program : | | D - Callout Program : | | E - Bps/Par/Bits : 115200 8N1 | | F - Hardware Flow Control : No | | G - Software Flow Control : No | | | | Change which setting? | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Screen and keyboard | | Save setup as dfl | | Save setup as.. | | Exit | | Exit from Minicom | +--------------------------+
Now press A and change /dev/ttyS1 for /dev/ttyS0, or 2 or 3, depending on which port you have it connected. In my case it was 0. If you use a usb to serial adapter it is probably /dev/ttyUSB0 or perhaps /dev/ttyUSB1.
If you still don't get the beagleboard shell, try using other serial terminal program like GtkTerm.
Now we got the beagleboard shell! Congratulations!
First command we wanna try is "help":
OMAP3 beagleboard.org # help
If you get some output, you're happy!
If at some point you cannot enter text any more, verify that you have turned off flow control (F and G should be set to No). Also if after a reboot you do not see anything exit (ctrl-A q) and restart minicom
SD card setup
(For a BeagleBoard xM specific step-by-step guide to setting up your SD card and installing Angstrom, click here.)
Now we want to use an SD card to install some GNU/Linux distro in it and get more space for our stuff. You can use either an SD or SDHC card. In the latter case of course take care that your PC card reader also supports SDHC. You should know that you are not dealing with an x86 processor, this is a completely different architecture called ARM, so don't even try to install a normal distro here.
Since the steps for getting this to work are already written down in the wikis, I'll copy the information, pointing out some extra things you should take care of.
First of all, we want to set up the SD card to be used as a boot disk, let's plug it into our PC card reader and see what the wiki page says:
In order to create a bootable SD/MMC card under Linux compatible with OMAP3 boot ROM, you have to set a special geometry in the partition table. There are two ways of doing this, with a script or, through the fdisk "Expert mode".
Formatting the SD card via the mkcard.txt script
- Download mkcard.txt from here.
$ chmod +x mkcard.txt
$ sudo ./mkcard.txt /dev/sd
x, Where x is the letter of the card. You can find this by inserting your card and then runningdmesg | tail
. You should see the messages about the device being mounted in the log. Mine mounts as sdc.
Once run, your card should be formatted.
Formatting the SD card via fdisk "Expert mode"
First, lets clear the partition table:
================================================================================ $ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): o Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) ================================================================================
Print card info:
================================================================================ Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 128 MB, 128450560 bytes .... ================================================================================
Note card size in bytes. Needed later below.
Then go into "Expert mode":
================================================================================ Command (m for help): x ================================================================================
Now we want to set the geometry to 255 heads, 63 sectors and calculate the number of cylinders required for the particular SD/MMC card:
================================================================================ Expert command (m for help): h Number of heads (1-256, default 4): 255 Expert command (m for help): s Number of sectors (1-63, default 62): 63 Warning: setting sector offset for DOS compatiblity ================================================================================
NOTE: Be especially careful in the next step. First calculate the number of cylinders as follows:
- B = Card size in bytes (you got it before, in the second step when you printed the info out)
- C = Number of cylinders
When you get the number, you round it DOWN. Thus, if you got 108.8 you'll be using 108 cylinders.
================================================================================ Expert command (m for help): c Number of cylinders (1-1048576, default 1011): 15 ================================================================================
In this case 128MB card is used (reported as 128450560 bytes by fdisk above), thus 128450560 / 255 / 63 / 512 = 15.6 rounded down to 15 cylinders. Numbers there are 255 heads, 63 sectors, 512 bytes per sector.
So far so good, now we wanna create two partitions. One for the boot image, one for our distro. Let's check what another wiki page has to say about it:
Create the FAT32 partition for booting and transferring files from Windows. Mark it as bootable.
================================================================================ Expert command (m for help): r Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-245, default 1): (press Enter) Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-245, default 245): +50 Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): c Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA)) Command (m for help): a Partition number (1-4): 1 ================================================================================
Create the Linux partition for the root file system.
================================================================================ Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (52-245, default 52): (press Enter) Using default value 52 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (52-245, default 245):(press Enter) Using default value 245 ================================================================================
Print and save the new partition records.
================================================================================ Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdc: 2021 MB, 2021654528 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 245 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 * 1 51 409626 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sdc2 52 245 1558305 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot. WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional information. Syncing disks. ================================================================================
Now we got both partitions, next step is formatting them.
NOTE: If the partitions (/dev/sdc1 and /dev/sdc2) does not exist, you should unplug the card and plug it back in. Linux will now be able to detect the new partitions.
================================================================================ $ sudo mkfs.msdos -F 32 /dev/sdc1 -n LABEL mkfs.msdos 2.11 (12 Mar 2005) $ sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc2 mke2fs 1.40-WIP (14-Nov-2006) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) 195072 inodes, 389576 blocks 19478 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=402653184 12 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 16256 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (8192 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: ================================================================================
All done!
NOTE: For convenience, you can add the -L option to the mkfs.ext3 command to assign a volume label to the new ext3 filesystem. If you do that, the new (automatic) mount point under /media when you insert that SD card into some Linux hosts will be based on that label. If there's no label, the new mount point will most likely be a long hex string, so assigning a label makes manual mounting on the host more convenient.
NOTE: XorA created a script to automate SD card formatting
Writing the Ångström image into the SDcard and finally booting GNU/Linux
Now we have these two partitions. In the first one we're going to write the Linux boot image and other stuff, while in the other one we're going to write our Ångström root filesystem.
First of all, let's download the files we're going to need from:
Get the latest Ångström demo image (Angstrom-Beagleboard-demo-image......), MLO, u-boot.bin and uImage. Additionally, download the modules (modules-2.6.X-rX-beagleboard.tgz) file that correspond with the kernel version you download. Without these module files some peripherals, such as webcams, will not function.
For certain images (such as the images generated by the Narcissus build system), no separate uImage exists. You can find the uImage in the /boot directory of the root filesystem. Just copy the uImage-x.xx... to the vfat partition and rename it.
Now you must copy MLO, u-boot.bin and uImage into the first partition (the FAT32 one) of your SD card. Do it in this strict order, since MLO must be in the first sectors of the card.
Mount both partitions somewhere -- I'll assume they're mounted in /mnt/sda1 and /mnt/sda2, respectively.
$ cp MLO /mnt/sda1 $ cp u-boot.bin /mnt/sda1 $ cp uImage /mnt/sda1
Now let's copy the root filesystem into the other partition (the ext3 one):
$ sudo cp Angstrom-Beagleboard-demo-image..... /mnt/sda2
and untar it. (IMPORTANT: You must untar directly onto the SD card. Do not untar somewhere else and then copy to the SD):
$ cd /mnt/sda2 $ sudo tar -jxvf Angstrom-Beagleboard-demo-image....
(If you get "permission denied" errors while copying or untarring it to the SD Card then issue that command using 'sudo' e.g "sudo cp Angstrom-Beagleboard-demo-image..... /mnt/sda2")
Once that's done, delete the tarball:
$ sudo rm Angstrom-Beagleboard-demo-image....
If you downloaded the modules-2.6.X-rX-beagleboard.tgz modules file you'll need to copy and untar it:
$ sudo cp modules-2.6.X-rX-beagleboard.tgz /mnt/sda2 $ sudo tar -xvf modules-2.6.X-rX-beagleboard.tgz
Again delete the module tarball:
$ sudo rm modules-2.6.X-rX-beagleboard.tgz
and unmount both partitions.
$ sudo umount /mnt/sda1 $ sudo umount /mnt/sda2
Setting up the boot args
If you are running a Beagle xM you can skip this section
If you are running a current version of U-boot you can skip to the next section. The newer versions have bootargs and bootcmd set to the correct values. Note the newest version requires kernel parameters to be passed to the g_ether module:
# setenv bootargs 'console=ttyO2,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait g_ether.host_addr=16:0F:15:5A:E1:21 g_ether.dev_addr=16:0F:15:5A:E1:20'
Ok, we're almost done. Now we need to tell our BeagleBoard that we want it to boot from the SD card. Let's go back to our almost-forgotten minicom shell:
OMAP3 beagleboard.org #
The commands to set it up for booting from SD are:
# setenv bootargs 'console=ttyO2,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait' # setenv bootcmd 'mmc init;fatload mmc 0 80300000 uImage;bootm 80300000'
You might also want to configure your screen resolution at this time.
Now we want to save these variables into the NAND Flash so we don't have to type them in every time we reboot:
# saveenv
And, YES, we're done.
Wire up your Beagle and power it up
Connect the BeagleBoard to a screen using a DVI cable and press the RESET button while holding down the USER button. Now you've got to be PATIENT, first boot takes a looooong time.
gcohler has also provided a write-up on getting Angstrom running.
Connect with your beagleboard using VNC and ethernet over USB
The Angstrom demo image for the beagleboard comes with USB networking support. The only thing you have to do is to enable it by issuing the following commands on your beagleboard via the terminal. Note: you can use your own MAC and IP addresses, but maintain consistency.
Optional if g_ether module not compiled into older kernels :
#cd /lib/modules/2.6.29-omap1/kernel/drivers/usb/gadget #modprobe g_ether host_addr=16:0F:15:5A:E1:21 dev_addr=16:0F:15:5A:E1:20
Configure networking
#ifconfig usb0 192.168.0.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 #route add default gw 192.168.0.200 #cat >> /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.1.1 Ctrl + D #
The beagleboard will now show up as Auto usb0 on Ubuntu. You can add it automatically by making some udev rules.
As a precaution, first enable packet forwarding in your computer:
# sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf Uncomment the line net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 , to enable forwarding of packets. # sudo sysctl -p # sudo cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward To check that the change has been made and routing is enabled
Now create /etc/udev/ruled.d/80-beagleboard.rules
# This file causes programs to be run on device insertion. # See udev(7) for syntax. # http://www.reactivated.net/writing_udev_rules.html#example-netif KERNEL=="usb[0-9]*", DRIVERS=="cdc_ether", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/usr/local/sbin/beagleboard-usb-add.sh %k" # For newer kernels, e.g. in Ubuntu 11.04, use DRIVERS=="cdc_eem" instead of DRIVERS=="cdc_ether"
Next create /usr/local/sbin/beagleboard-usb-add.sh
#!/bin/sh ( busNum=$( printf %.2d $( expr match "$1" "usb\([0-9]*\)") ) ip link set "$1" address 16:0F:15:5A:E1:21:$busNum &> /dev/null iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE -s 192.168.0.0/24 echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT ) & exit 0
Finally run "chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/beagleboard-usb-add.sh" to make it executable and now you can use network-manager with mac specific settings to automatically connect to the beagleboard.
- Plug your beagle into your computer's usb port.
- Note the mac address from "ifconfig usb0"
- Right-click the network manager icon in the panel.
- Click "Edit Connections..."
- Delete the "Auto usb0" entry.
- Add a new connection named 'beagleboard'
- Enter the mac address from above.
- Click the "IPv4 Settings" tab.
- Change "Method" to "Manual"
- Add an address of 192.168.0.200, 255.255.255.0 (address and netmask respectively).
- Click "Ok"
- Enter your system password (if prompted) to allow changing of this system setting.
You can now connect to your beagleboard using any VNC viewer and you should be able to access the internet from your beagleboard.
Note: if your beagleboard can't resolve external URLs (#ping elinux.org) you might need to replace the resolv.conf settings with those from your host. From Ubuntu:
# scp /etc/resolv.conf firstname.lastname@example.com:/etc/resolv.conf email@example.com's password: [ENTER]
Note: if you fail to ping host or beagle and is on revision C4 you might want to try adding 'g_ether.use_eem=0' as a boot argument (See BeagleBoardBeginners#Setting_up_the_boot_args)
Development with Ångström
If you want to get started building Ångström yourself, take a look at OpenEmbedded on Beagle.
Important USB Cable Information
The BeagleBoard has a 5-pin USB OTG Mini-AB Female connector on the board. This allows the Beagle to operate as either a peripheral attached to a host computer (e.g. a PC) or as a host computer itself with peripherals attached.
To operate the Beagle as a peripheral, just use any USB A-male to Mini-B-male cable and you're good to go. Plus, you will not need a power brick for the Beagle as the Host PC will be able to power the board through the A to Mini-B cable.
To operate the Beagle as an OTG Host, you need a special cable -- plus you will need a power brick to power the Beagle, because it is now the host and must supply power to the peripherals. The key is that the cable needs to have a USB Mini-A-male (NOT a Mini-B) to connect to the Beagle. If you have cables with USB male mini connectors, the overwhelming chance is that they are Mini-B. While both Mini-A and Mini-B fit in the Mini-AB connector on the BeagleBoard, there is an internal wiring difference in the Mini-A and Mini-B connectors that allows the BeagleBoard to sense the type; Mini-A have pin 4 connected to GND, whereas Mini-B leave the pin unconnected.
One source for a USB Standard A-female to Mini-A-male Adapter is Serial I/O. This can be used for connecting e.g. a USB hub to the Beagle.
If you're using a USB hub, be sure it's a self-powered one. That means it should have a power input which you can connect to a power socket. The BeagleBoard by itself cannot power multiple USB devices and if you hook up too many it goes into a continuous disconnect/reconnect cycle.
Further reading
Main BeagleBoard resources are:
- TI maintained BeagleBoard home and Google wiki for BeagleBoard
- Community maintained eLinux wiki (see wiki article overview for a list of existing articles)
Other BeagleBoard usage instructions:
- Free Electrons embedded Linux training labs on the BeagleBoard
Thanks to
- _vlad
- jkridner
- ds2
And the rest of the people in the #beagle IRC channel, if you cannot go through some of the steps, don't hesitate to ask there, there's always somebody willing to help you!
Written by Nabax


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NEW ORLEANS The blackout at the Superdome will not stop the Super Bowl from returning to New Orleans.
NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell said that despite the electrical outage which delayed Sunday night's game for 34 minutes, the city did a "terrific" job hosting its first pro football championship in the post-Katrina era.
"Let me reiterate again what an extraordinary job the city of New Orleans has done," said Goodell, speaking Monday at a post-Super Bowl media conference held for the game's most valuable player, Baltimore quarterback Joe Flacco, and winning coach John Harbaugh. "The most important thing is to make sure people understand it was a fantastic week."
New Orleans has hosted 10 Super Bowls, including Baltimore's 34-31 victory over San Francisco, tied for the most with Miami.
While serving as the site of America's biggest sporting event and focus of an unofficial national holiday gets any place a lot of attention, this game had special meaning for New Orleans.
The city last hosted the Super Bowl in 2002 and officials were hoping this would serve as the ultimate showcase on a global scale of how far it has come since being devastated by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The storm winds tore holes in the roof of the Superdome and there was water damage from the rain that affected electrical systems and caused mold to spread. More than $330 million has been spent to upgrade the facility, which has hosted the annual Sugar Bowl, Saints games, two BCS title games and a men's Final Four since the storm.
Yet the loss of power was an embarrassment that quickly became perhaps the signature moment of the Ravens' win.
Goodell said not to worry.
"I do not think this will have an effect on future Super Bowls in New Orleans," he said. "I fully expect to be back here for Super Bowls. I hope we will be back. We want to be back here."
Local officials have said they will bid to host an 11th Super Bowl in 2018 to coincide with the 300th anniversary of the city's founding. Goodell made it sound like that is still in play.
"This will not affect the view of the NFL of the success of the game here in New Orleans," Goodell said. "We know that they have an interest in future Super Bowls and we look forward to evaluating that. Going forward, I do not think this will have an effect at all on what I think will be remembered as one of the great Super Bowl weeks."
Goodell said he had no concerns about the adequacy of the Superdome going forward because "this is clearly something that can be fixed and it's clearly something we can prepare for and we will."
For Goodell, it seemed, it was important to recognize how much fans and the league's business partners enjoyed dining at the city's renowned restaurants, attending parties in the home of Mardi Gras, and the ease of moving around with everything centrally located downtown.
It wasn't the first time Goodell has stuck up for the city.
He has been widely credited with working behind the scenes to get the Superdome renovated on a fast track after Katrina struck. It reopened in September 2006, in time for the Saints to return permanently to New Orleans after spending one season displaced to San Antonio.
Still, some Saints fans were critical of Goodell's handling of the league's bounty investigation of the team, and resulting sanctions that included the full season suspension of coach Sean Payton.
"After all we've been through here in New Orleans, it seems like we can't escape the worldwide attention of these kinds of events," said Doug Thornton, vice president of SMG, which manages both the Superdome and neighboring New Orleans Arena for the state. "It was an unfortunate circumstance at such a great moment for the city. I think the city was just spectacular this week. The host committee did a great job. It was a flawless event up to that point and it was just a spectacular week.
"So obviously for me, it was a disappointing moment."
Thornton said nothing inside the Superdome malfunctioned, but that the stadium's power supply was cut off from a nearby substation, and that once power was restored, everything inside the dome resumed normal operation.
Thornton also dismissed reports that the halftime show featuring Beyonce had anything to do with the outage, pointing out that that portion of the event was on independent generator power. In fact, Thornton said the dome's electrical system, which has not once failed since the storm, used less power during the Super Bowl than a typical Saints game.
Flacco also praised New Orleans as a host.
The Ravens quarterback recalled how much he enjoyed getting out on Saturday and visiting the French Quarter to clear his mind the day before the biggest game of his life. During that afternoon he stopped by Cafe du Monde, on the edge of scenic Jackson Square, where locals and tourists alike enjoy French doughnuts with powdered sugar and cafe au lait.
He added: "I really just wanted to try those beignets, or however you say it, which were unbelievable, by the way."
Despite power outage, league pleased with New Orlens


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Nicknamed "The Old Arbitrator." Umpired from 1905 to 1940 and then served as chief of National League umpires. Holds the record for World Series appearances with 18 and consecutive appearances with five. Originated arm signals to coincide with verbal calls. In a rare tribute to an umpire, he was honered with gifts on "Bill Klem Night," September 2, 1949 at the Polo Grounds. Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
Umpired in the American League from 1974 to 1989. He tragically died of a heart attack on March 28, 1989 at the age of 43. He was a member of the AL umpire staff when he passed away. Worked the Florida State, Eastern, International, Florida Winter Instructional and Puerto Rican Winter Leagues before joining the AL. Called the 1980 World Series, four AL Playoffs and two Mid-Summer Classics.
Umpired in the National League for 24 years (1941-64). Umpired four World Series and six All-Star Games. Played in 128 major league games as a member of the Chicago White Sox (1934-35). Became the fifth umpire elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Conlan on umpiring: "You've got to have thick skin and a strong heart. You've got to have and command respect. Without them, you're nothing."
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Became an American League umpire in 1968 and served for a time as referee for the National Basketball Association. Also a pitcher for the New York Yankees and Kansas City Athletics, where he compiled a lifetime record of 6-6. Died in 1988 at the age 48, after a long battle with cancer. His son Jeff was an infielder with the Texas Rangers (1984-92).
16 LOU DiMURO
Umpired in the American League from 1963-82. Worked two World Series, three League Championship Series and four All-Star Games. His son Mike is currently a major league baseball umpire with 2 1/2 years of service. Died tragically on June 8, 1982, at the age of 51, when he was struck by a car as he was crossing a street in Arlington, Texas.


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text:
Weighing 400 grams, the Olympic gold medals that are being doled out at the London 2012 Summer Games are the heaviest ever, according to reports. But that doesn't mean they're the most valuable: at an estimated $620.82, they're nearly $590 short of the $1,207.86 value held by a gold medal from the Stockholm Games of 1912.
The discrepancy stems from the fact that the 2012 gold medals contain only 6 grams of gold; the rest is silver and copper. In fact, the London bling contains more copper than gold, which is only used to coat the medals with a plating layer.
Those are the findings of Lear Capital, a precious metals firm that put its data about the gold medal into a handy graphical chart. For its calculations, the company used metal prices on a single day, July 11, 2012.
Of course, if an Olympic medal is ever sold or auctioned, they can fetch far more than the value of their component metals. That's because they have extrinsic value. And for some athletes, that extrinsic value translates into actual hard cash when they win.
That's the gist of a BBC story out today, about Kazakh gold medalist Zulfiya Chinshanlo, 19, who earned herself a $250,000 bonus when she won the women's 53kg weightlifting event. To put that figure in perspective the BBC notes that it's "10 times the amount a U.S. athlete would get if he or she captures top spot."
The BBC spoke to Chinshanlo after she'd gotten off the phone with President Nursultan Nazarbayev.
"I won't tell you how much money he will give me," she said. "I am afraid I will be robbed."
But the bonus isn't a secret, says the BBC, which listed other nations' bounties, to prove it:
As for the other medals, CBS reports that the silver, which contains more copper, is worth around $330, with the bronze — containing 97 percent copper, 2.5 percent zinc and 0.5 percent tin — is only worth about $4.70.
If you're not an athlete, but want an Olympic medal of your own, you can always turn to eBay, as ABC recently reported.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Everyone knows the preseason Top 25 is a sham: What, exactly, are the so-called "experts" basing their picks on? Last year's performance? This year's returning players?
This is how you end up with the ultimate "rep" pick: Notre Dame at No. 2. And you can't even claim "West Coast Bias!" (At No. 9,
But after Week 1, there are actually some real game data-points that fans and voters can look to: A chemistry of how top teams played, and – as important – who they beat. And, based on that, here's what my Top 10 ballot looks like:
4. Florida St.
(Where's Notre Dame? STILL out of my Top 5.)
Why is FSU at No. 4? Are they really the 4th-best team in the country? Hardly (especially if you watched last night's game).
But they beat the best team of the week. (Yes, I'm discounting
That win should be good enough to put FSU in the Top 5 – for now. And, next week, it could be – and SHOULD be – radically different.
But the point is this: In Week 1, pummeling a weak team shouldn't be given an inflated bonus -- but beating a good team should earn some extra credit.
The Top 25 poll should be fluid, especially in the first few weeks. For now, teams like FSU and
Fans should demand more than "inertia" as a Top 25 voting strategy. But I suspect that's what we'll get in the new Top 25.


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text:
WHITE PLAINS, N.Y. (AP) — Twinkies won't die that easily after all.
Hostess Brands Inc. and its second largest union will go into mediation to try and resolve their differences, meaning the company won't go out of business just yet. The news came Monday after Hostess moved to liquidate and sell off its assets in bankruptcy court citing a crippling strike last week.
The bankruptcy judge hearing the case said Monday that the parties haven't gone through the critical step of mediation and asked the lawyer for the Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers International Union, which has been on strike since Nov. 9, to ask his client, who wasn't present, if the union would agree to participate. The judge noted that the bakery union, which represents about 30 percent of Hostess workers, went on strike after rejecting the company's latest contract offer, even though it never filed an objection to it.
"Many people, myself included, have serious questions as to the logic behind this strike," said Judge Robert Drain, who heard the case in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court in the Southern District of New York in White Plains, N.Y. "Not to have gone through that step leaves a huge question mark in this case."
Hostess and the union agreed to mediation talks, which are expected to begin the process on Tuesday.
In an interview after the hearing on Monday, CEO Gregory Rayburn said that the two parties will have to agree to contract terms within 24 hours of the Tuesday since it is costing $1 million a day in overhead costs to wind down operations. But even if a contract agreement is reached, it is not clear if all 33 Hostess plants will go back to being operational.
"We didn't think we had a runway, but the judge just created a 24-hour runway," for the two parties to come to an agreement, Rayburn said.
Hostess, weighed down by debt, management turmoil, rising labor costs and the changing tastes of America, decided on Friday that it no longer could make it through a conventional Chapter 11 bankruptcy restructuring. Instead, the company, which is based in Irving, Texas, asked the court for permission to sell assets and go out of business.
It's not the sequence of events that the maker of Twinkies and Ding Dongs envisioned when it filed for bankruptcy in January, its second Chapter 11 filing in less than a decade. The company, saying that it was saddled with costs related to its unionized workforce, had hoped to emerge with stronger financials. It brought on Rayburn as a restructuring expert and was working to renegotiate its contract with labor unions.
But Rayburn wasn't able to reach a deal with the bakery union. The company, which had been contributing $100 million a year in pension costs for employees, offered workers a new contract that would've slashed that to $25 million a year, in addition to wage cuts and a 17 percent reduction in health benefits. But the bakery union decided to strike.
By that time, the company had reached a contract agreement with its largest union, the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, which urged the bakery union to hold a secret ballot on whether to continue striking. Although many bakery workers decided to cross picket lines this week, Hostess said it wasn't enough to keep operations at normal levels.
Rayburn said that Hostess was already operating on razor-thin margins and that the strike was the final blow. The company's announcement on Friday that it would move to liquidate prompted people across the country to rush to stores and stock up on their favorite Hostess treats. Many businesses reported selling out of Twinkies within hours, and the spongy yellow cakes turned up for sale online for hundreds of dollars.
Even if Hostess goes out of business, its popular brands will likely find a second life after being snapped up by buyers. The company says several potential buyers have expressed interest in the brands. Although Hostess' sales have been declining in recent years, the company still does about $2.5 billion in business each year. Twinkies alone brought in $68 million so far this year.


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Clayton Kershaw (2-0, 1.78) vs. Drew Pomeranz (0-1, 5.40).
You thought Dinger was a menacing furball? Here comes Pomeranian, a breed of dog of the Spitz type who tends to be "defensive of [its] territory and will thus bark when [it] encounter[s] any outside noises."
Luckily for us Dodger fans, Coors Field has been a library this year, as it has only broken 40K in attendance once this season (the home opener, which wasn't a sellout). Which is probably why they've made today's promotion a special Weather and Science Day event. Yeah, that's sure to draw crowds.
And as for you, Pomeranian?
As an aside, it is truly amazing what kind of shit pops up when you google terms.