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Development: The DVB Decoder Challenge
One will encounter several challenges over the course of implementing either a hardware or software based MPEG-2 Decoder. Most of these hurdles are not too hard to solve, but they are very DVB-specific and can be quite annoying if not properly handled.
This page attempts to list some of these common obstacles that a developer may encounter, as well as provide discussion on common approaches around them and outline elegant solutions.
The 0x47 MPEG frame Aligner
Most DVB cards don't output the MPEG-2 data aligned to 188byte or 204byte MPEG-2 packet boundaries: this would be hard to achieve on most hardware since DMA controllers are much simpler and cheaper to implement if they can rely on some alignment assumptions.
So the incoming data needs to get aligned to packet boundaries, this is achievable by a simple state machine, see the MPEG-2 Frame Aligner article for a detailled discussion and some sample code.
PID Filtering/Demultiplexing
The incoming MPEG-2 Transport Stream contains MPEG-2 packets of all transmitted services on this transponder, so we need to peel out the ones that are interesting for us. See the PID Filter - Demultiplexer section for details and code.
The STC sync problem
Whenever a client has to decode a live stream from a server it has to adjust its own STC (System Time Clock) relative to the one of the server, for several reasons:
- Transmitted data is bursty, the decoder has to display content with a little delay. This delay should get minimized, otherwise you always hear your neighbors celebrating the soccer championship goal 3 seconds before you can see it.
- The server clock may run continously faster or slower than the host clock, so the time difference may increase with time
The Solution is the PCR (Program Clock Reference): a special clock reference value transmitted every few MPEG-2 TS packets in the TS packet header. This reference allows the client to synchronize it's own clock to the one of the server. Hardware MPEG-2 decoders use voltage-controlled oscillators or numerically controlled oscillators for this purpose.
Software decoders followed different approaches in the past:
- naive codes just watch the buffer fuel level and drop or delay frames.
- VLC (VideoLAN Client) low-pass filters the incoming clock references and uses a linear approximation algorithm to approach the server clock reference. This works pretty well, but unfortunately all the timing code is very VLC-specific and not easy to reuse.
- A theoretically a little harder to understand but very efficient and trivial to implement approach uses Kalman Filtering for STC/PCR smoothing.
Audio/Video Sync
You should ensure that Audio and video frames are correctly presented to the user at the System Clock Time encoded in the frame's PTS (Presentation Time Stamp).
The STC should get synchronized regularily and smoothly to the server clock using the PCR. For recorded playback you can either use the host clock, the video frame sync interrupt or the audio crystal as clock reference.
Audio Clock pitching
Since the sample rate of most soundcards can't get smoothly adjusted while playing it may be required to resample the audio signal in software before sending it to the sound card. Naive nearest-neighbor or sample-drop approaches are trivial to implement, even linear filtering costs only a few lines of code. Most audio and decoder libraries have resampling routines built in, there are also resampling libraries available on the net.
ISO/IEC13818-1 allows maximum clock rate changes of 0.075Hz/sec in order to avoid audible artifacts in audio playback.
Screen/Decoder Sync Aliasing
Unless the Display Refresh rate is at least twice as high as the frame rate of the displayed video you will get aliasing artifacts (jerky video due to dropped or double frames). See Wikipedia:Nyquist and Wikipedia:Nyquist-Shannon_sampling_theorem for a overview over sampling theory facts and a short explanation why aliasing artifacts occur when you sample at rates below the Nyquist frequency.
So it's best for video decoder systems to either maintain the exact framerate of the encoded material or, if this is not possible (like e.g. in the case of a decoder displaying to your computer monitor) try to keep the display refresh frequency at least twice as high as the frame rate of the decoded video.
In any case you should only update the screen content in the video refresh interval, use the e.g. the Sync Extension of OpenGL or the appropriate Blit-Wait flag of DirectFB in your implementation.
Use Texture Units or Overlay?
Modern graphics hardware usually provides two different approaches commonly used for video display. The 'classic' one is to use the video overlay plane for rendering and scaling (basically a second framebuffer over the normal one, combined by colorkeying or in some cases alphablending). This approach has several problems, different cards require different rendering algorithms and some don't provide double-buffered rendering. Only Scaling and in some cases Color Conversion are hardware-accelerated, Deinterlacing usually not. The common API to access these features of a graphics card for X11 is the Xv Extension.
The more flexible and robust approach is to use the texture engines of the graphics card using e.g. the OpenGL API. These render paths are well-tested and exercised by 3D-computer games, all cards since the old 3Dfx Voodoo cards can get accessed using the same API. Texture combine operations can get used to perform color conversion, deinterlacing in hardware. Interpolating Scaling is done inherently by the texture units. Even nonlinear picture distortion (e.g. for mapping of 4:3 pictures on 16:9 or 16:10 displays) can get easily implemented by modifying the texture coordinates on the rendering rectangle.
There are plenty of deinterlacing algorithms known, even simple blend filters (like the one implemented ffmpeg's libavcodec) can perform very well. A more serious problem is that many deinterlacers are top-field-only (or bottom-field-only) and degrade the frame rate from 50Hz (interlaced) to 25Hz (progressive). This may look fine and cinema-alike when watching Hollywood movies but makes scrolling text (e.g. credits and newstickers) jerky and hardly readable.
The correct approach to preserve full temporal resolution is to deinterlace both fields, the even and the odd ones (each blended with the inbetween fields from the previously displayed frame).
In order to use ffmpeg's deinterlacer you would need to implement a matching deinterlace_top_field() function in addition to the existing deinterlace_bottom_field().
When using OpenGL the Deinterlacer can get implemented completely on the graphics card. Enable the multitexturing engines: use one texture unit for the previous frame, one for the blend grid (where the lines have e.g. alternating alpha=0.9 and alpha=0.25 to simulate the decaying phosphor glow), and one for the new frame. Be sure to offset the texture coordinates so that the correct field from the previous frame shines through the gridlines. If the graphics card has not enough texture units available you can let it do the work in multiple passes.
Upscaling is usually simple. Especially when displaying HDTV transmissions in small windows on the desktop or on the SDTV screen you need to downscale by factors less than 0.5, this is a little harder if you want to avoid artifacts. You need to use either convolution filters with very long taps or, better: downscale in several steps. The image pyramid approach works fine:
- Downscale by a factor of 2 using linear interpolation filters until you reach a resolution less than twice the target resolution. Every step averages 4 neighbor pixels into a single pixel on the next smaller level.
- Now scale, again using linear interpolation filters, down to the target resolution (this scale factor is somewhere in the range [0.5...1.0] and thus scaling not susceptible to aliasing).
This algorithm can get implemented completely in hardware on the graphics card using OpenGL: simply enable linear filtering, render to texture and scale by 0.5 until you reached the last but one level and then render your texture into the framebuffer with the final scale correction somewhere between [0.5...1.0].
Color Correction, the Gamma Question
Computer Monitors and Video Projectors have a different Gamma Curve than Television Screens. Thus you need to apply a proper correction curve to the display. All common graphics libraries like OpenGL, SDL, DirectFB and SDL provide an API to set up the Gamma Color Lookup Tables. Not hard to do, just has to be done correctly otherwise you risk weak colors on the display.


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Yes. Please contact us if you have questions at firstname.lastname@example.com
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The account is needed to schedule the recurring donations. Maricopa County works hard to ensure that your personal information is safe and remains safe. Creating an account is one secure way to store your personal information so that no one has access to it. We contract with a third-party company that specializes in safeguarding personal information.
You will start with clicking on the link to Sign Up and enter your Date of Birth in this format YYYYMMDD and your Last Name.
Your birth date is used to create a unique account number. It is not used to identify you in any way and is not used as a form of identification. (Please note you will have to scroll through the list by groups of 10 to find your birth year and then search for your birth month and birthday.)
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Visit our website or call 602-506-PETS (7387) for information about events, licensing, pet adoptions and more.

subset: commoncrawl


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This past spring, after talking to some friends and consulting a map, I found out the closest beachfront to New Mexico is in Old Mexico (as my wife's grandmother used to call it).
Puerto Peñasco is a former fishing village-turned-vacation-destination, a mere 12 hours away from Santa Fe or, if you're traveling in a minivan with two kids, the journey translates to about eight DVDs with some time added for bickering as to whether Iron Man's Robert Downey Jr. beats School of Rock's Jack Black when it comes to charisma and believability.
It seemed as soon as I started mapping our trip, buying Mexican auto insurance and making reservations at the Peñasco Del Sol hotel, our phone started ringing, mostly from my wife Lala's sister Becky who, when it comes to worrying, is about as nervous as a very small nun at a penguin shoot.
"I know. We will. Not sure yet," I'd hear my wife Lala say into the mouthpiece as she paced and her brow started to wrinkle. I didn't have to witness the other end of the conversation. Becky was most likely discussing the recent warnings about Mexican travel in the wavering voice of a lovesick opera star.
As any dutiful husband/father (and a man fantasizing about drinking Indio beers at sunset) would, I started my research. I emailed the border guards at Nogales, spoke on the phone to the manager of the hotel, sent telegrams to shrimp fishermen and started reading every border blog and Arizona newspaper I could digitally find until my eyes crossed. From what I could tell, as long as we used the same common sense we do in our hometown, we'd be fine. In fact, we would be safer in the welcoming arms of Puerto Peñasco than we would be in our geographical homeboy Albuquerque's (and, yes, this was before swine flu fever broke out, but my reasoning still holds).
As the trip grew closer, Becky would call about something that happened in Juárez and Tijuana, sometimes months prior, and I'd counter with more emails from single women crossing the Lukeville, Ariz. border with their children every week for work. I felt that we should be cautious but not fearful. Becky felt that we should stay home under our beds, preferably wrapped in Bubble Wrap, holding loaded elephant guns. Lala and I decided we would start our trip and, if we saw any sign of danger, we would turn our jalopy around like Okies during the Dust Bowl unable to find work.
Like many parents, the hypnotic effect of portable DVD players gave Lala and me the chance to catch up. She noticed I had gotten my hair cut and shaved my beard off recently while I asked her to remind me of her middle name again. We gabbed all the way to Tucson where we stayed a few nights, perusing a post-hippie-generation street fair on Fourth Avenue and hiking through the striking Saguaro National forest before heading south. Given our concern that masked guerillas might pop out from behind the large, human-like cacti, our vision was hyper-focused so the desertscape was even more incredible. Watching the Saguaros slowly disappear into more flat terrain was worth all of Becky's freak-out phoners.
Surprisingly, we didn't even have to stop at the border. Mexico gave us a verde light, and we had an easy hour drive to Puerto Peñasco. If you've never been, entering Puerto Peñasco can seem like you've been dropped in the Middle East. Miles and miles of sandy dunes meet the Sea of Cortez almost like a mirage.
"This is Mexico?" London asked, rubbing his eyes after Spidey faded on a screen the size of a cocktail napkin.
"As far as we know," I answered, expecting a herd of camels to come loping down the sand. Instead, out of our hotel window, we gazed upon a long, wide beach with people riding horses and children exploring tidal pools for shells and marine life.
Our kids couldn't wait to get to the pool so we hurried down. There was a hot tub and two pools: one larger pool for swimming and a smaller one for recreation. Since we were still in the shadows of spring break, the rec pool offered water basketball and a swim-up bar that London claimed as his private clubhouse, even though it only opened on the weekends. London and Poppy loved racing from one pool to the next, occasionally dropping into the hot tub to watch young and not-so-young couples get the type of groove on that would just make the PG-13 cut.
Lala and I like to walk, and the coastline at Puerto Peñasco allowed for long strolls west from the Peñasco Del Sol to Sandy Beach, where larger hotels and resorts have sprung up like giant colorful trees. We saw a few spring break clichés, pale girls holding baby oil in one hand and wine coolers in the other, but mostly it was just the type of easy wandering we like to do. At night, we drove to the Malecon to watch the sunset, shop for a Mexican wrestling costume (with cape) for London and eat fresh seafood at the Blue Marlin restaurant. For some reason, this has been the season of new hairstyles for our familia, so Poppy had her hair braided while two women tried to roll London's nest into dreads after scolding Lala (bad mother!) for not combing her poor son's hair.
Our trip was divine and, given the temperate weather in Puerto Peñasco all year long (and favorable exchange rate), I'd go anytime, perhaps even this summer.
Maybe our stay there was too wonderful and Lala was missing her sister's warnings because, after I'd taken the kids into the Sea of Cortez to swim, she had that familiar worried visage splashed across her face.
"Did Becky call?" I asked, toweling off.
"No." She gave me that look that many husbands are far too familiar with. "When you swim, you need to shuffle your feet."
"Why?" I asked.
"Stingrays," she said, colder than the sea we had just left.
"Never heard of them." I jumped in the pool and waited desperately for the bar to open


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- Pharmacy
- Prescription Services
- New Prescription
- Refill Prescription
- Transfer Prescription
- Diabetic Supplies
- Over the Counter
- Home Medical
- Pets
Product ID: *SULSODSUF84
IMPORTANT: HOW TO USE THIS INFORMATION: This is a summary and does NOT have all possible information about this product. This information does not assure that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you. This information is not individual medical advice and does not substitute for the advice of your health care professional. Always ask your health care professional for complete information about this product and your specific health needs.
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Avar, Plexion, Rosanil Cleanser, Rosula
USES: This medication is used as a cleansing product to help treat acne and other skin conditions (e.g., seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea). This product contains an antibacterial agent and a drying agent which promotes shedding of the top layer of skin (keratolysis).
HOW TO USE: This medication is for use on the skin only. Clean off make-up, oil and excess dirt from your face with a gentle cleanser before using this product. Wet the affected areas of skin before washing with this medication. If you are using the liquid cleanser product, apply a generous layer of medication once or twice daily; or use as directed by your doctor. Gently massage it into the affected skin for 10 to 20 seconds until a full lather forms; rinse thoroughly and pat dry. If you are using the cleansing cloth product, wash the affected areas with a cleansing cloth once or twice daily, or as directed by your doctor. First wet your face with water. Then wet the cloth with a little water and work into a full lather. Cleanse your face with the cloth for 10-20 seconds. Do not get the lather into your eyes. Rinse thoroughly and pat dry. If excessive drying occurs, you may need to rinse the cleanser off sooner or use it less often. Avoid getting any of this medication in the eyes, on the lips, or inside the nose or mouth. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for further details. Inform your doctor if your condition does not improve or worsens.
SIDE EFFECTS: Redness, irritation or scaling of the skin may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor promptly. Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. Tell your doctor right away if any of these serious side effects occur: cracked skin. Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: unusual weakness/fatigue, dark urine, yellowing eyes or skin, other signs of infection (e.g., fever, persistent sore throat), easy bruising/bleeding, aching/swollen joints. You may be at increased risk for side effects if this medication is used on raw or broken skin. Consult your doctor for details. A serious allergic reaction to this drug is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction include: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), dizziness, trouble breathing. This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. In the US - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at www.fda.gov/medwatch. In Canada - Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to Health Canada at 1-866-234-2345.
PRECAUTIONS: Before using sulfacetamide with sulfur, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other products containing sulfa or sulfur; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details. This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: kidney disease. This medication should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. Based on information of related drugs, this medication may pass into breast milk. Consult your doctor before breast- feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with them first. Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription products you may use, especially of: skin products containing silver (such as silver sulfadiazine). This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist.
OVERDOSE: If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call 911. Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. US residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. Canada residents can call a provincial poison control center. This medicine may be harmful if swallowed.
NOTES: Do not share this medication with others.
MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. Consult your pharmacist or product labeling for the exact temperature range. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep all medicines away from children and pets. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for more details about how to safely discard your product.
Information last revised July 2016. Copyright(c) 2016 First Databank, Inc.


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DEAR ABBY: While cleaning out my attic yesterday, I found a letter that my daughter wrote to you a few years ago when she was 13. She was responding to a poem that had appeared in your column, "Legacy of an Adopted Child."
She was going through a very trying time and was being bullied because she was adopted and looked very different from her parents.
My daughter is grown now and is a delightful, successful young woman. That poem helped her greatly. Can you reprint it for others? -- PROUD MOM IN GREENVILLE, S.C.
DEAR PROUD MOM: With pleasure. The poem is part of my "Keepers" booklet.
(Author Unknown)
Once there were two women
Who never knew each other.
One you do not remember,
The other you call mother.
Two different lives
Shaped to make yours one.
One became your guiding star,
The other became your sun.
The first gave you life
And the second taught you to live it.
The first gave you a need for love
And the second was there to give it.
One gave you a nationality,
The other gave you a name.
One gave you a seed of talent,
The other gave you an aim.
One gave you emotions,
The other calmed your fears.
One saw your first sweet smile,
The other dried your tears.
One gave you up --
It was all that she could do.
The other prayed for a child
And God led her straight to you.
And now you ask me
Through your tears,
The age-old question
Through the years:
Heredity or environment
Which are you the product of?
Neither, my darling -- neither,
Just two different kinds of love.
This poem is part of a collection of poems and essays that readers have repeatedly asked to be re-run because they hold special meaning for them. Some of the items had been saved and re-read so many times that they had fallen apart. Many readers suggested that the special column items be compiled into a booklet, and what resulted is "Keepers." It can be ordered by sending your name and mailing address, plus check or money order for $7 (U.S. funds) to: Dear Abby Keepers Booklet, P.O. Box 447, Mount Morris, IL 61054-0447. Shipping and handling are included in the price. It's a quick and easy read for anyone who needs a lift, and is filled with down-to-earth nuggets of wisdom, both witty and philosophical. The "Keepers" touch on a variety of subjects and are a welcome gift for newlyweds, new parents, pet lovers or anyone recovering from an illness.


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The brightness, or "intensity," and polarization of reflected light provide different information about the elements that make up a scene, apparent in this set of images collected by the Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI) during its maiden flight on Oct. 7, 2010, on the ER-2 over Palmdale, Calif. AirMSPI is one of three prototype polarimeters being tested this month during the Polarimeter Definition Experiment (PODEX).
At left is a "natural color" intensity image created by combining information from the blue (445 nm wavelength), green (555 nm), and red (660 nm) spectral bands. The Palmdale airport, where the NASA ER-2 is based, is visible at left. Square and circular agricultural fields are also apparent.
The middle image also displays intensity, but was created by combining data from the 470, 660, and 865 nm bands. The latter is at a wavelength in the near-infrared, beyond the spectral range that the human eye can see. Because the data in this band are displayed in red, the agricultural fields show up as bright red because vegetation has high reflectance at this wavelength.
The right-hand image uses this same set of spectral bands as the middle picture, but the quantity displayed is the "degree of linear polarization," or DOLP. When light is unpolarized, the plane of vibration of the light waves is randomly distributed. For completely linearly polarized light, there is a single preferred plane in which the light waves vibrate. In general, light is a mixture of unpolarized and polarized radiation, and DOLP is the proportion of the mixture comprised of polarized light.
The most highly polarized features in the DOLP image are the four square objects below and left of center; these are wastewater treatment ponds associated with the Palmdale Water Reclamation Plant. Although incoming sunlight is unpolarized, reflection by water polarizes the light, which is why polarized sunglasses are useful in reducing glare due to sunglint. The vegetated fields are also somewhat polarizing, because a portion of the light is reflected from the waxy layer at the surface of the leaves. The remainder of the light penetrates into the leaves and is absorbed by pigments such as chlorophyll before escaping, resulting in the green color of the vegetation in the natural color intensity image.
Image Credit: JPL/Caltech, AirMSPI Team
Text is by David Diner of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. Diner is principal investigator of the Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (AirMSPI)


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FYB J Mane And Crip Mac Get Into Heated Argument On Instagram Live!
Jul 16, 2023
Posted By Ghost
Self Defense? Or A Hit? Father And Son Were Shot Dead After And Argument Over Noise With A Neighbor In Brooklyn! (*Graphic*)
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Mar 27, 2022
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What Code Is This? This Is What Five Guys Employees Are Doing On Their Work Break... Showing The Cakes On Live!
Oct 23, 2023
The Whole Situation Is Messed Up: Victim Burnt Alive Survives Long Enough To Solve Her Own Murder!
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Fellas, Stay Safe Out There: Dude Finds Out His Girlfriend Is Cheating On Him In The Most Sneaky Way!
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Girl Pulls Out Knife And Stabs Another Girl Multiple Times Mid Fight At School!
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Who's Right Or Wrong Here? Man Who Goes 50/50 With His Woman And A Rich Man Who Pays 100% Of The Bills Have A Conversation And Things Get Heated!
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Uncensored Dashcam Footage Of New Mexico State Police Shooting Is Released.. Suspect Fired 10+ Rounds Into Officer Jarrott!
Apr 16, 2021
Thought He Was Slick: Buddy Tried To Close Out A Tab On His Phone, But His Barber Peeped Game!
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Aug 29, 2023
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Spooky: Talk To Yourself Like This And Attract All You Desire... How Your Tongue Is The Most Powerful Part Of The Human Body!
Oct 28, 2023
Went From A Halloween Party To A Slumber Party Real Quick: DaBaby's Security Guard Gave No F**ks At This Halloween Party!
Oct 28, 2023
"I'm Giving You More Respect Than You Deserve" Deleted Scene Of G Herbo & Southside Breaking Funny Marco's $30K Watch + Marco Responds!
Oct 17, 2023
Disrespectful? Boyfriend Gets Off Work To Find His Girl In Booty Shorts Cooking For His Pops!
Oct 31, 2023
SMH: Texas Cop Goes On Racist Tirade After Black Woman Confronts Him After He Allegedly Hit Her Car!
Oct 21, 2023
"One Thing I Can Guarantee... Someone Else Will Be Raising Your Sons & Daughters" This Gotta Be The Coldest Speech In US History!
Oct 26, 2023
SMH: Family Left Traumatized After Police Officer Shoot Their Dog!
Oct 27, 2023
"Whatever I Do In My Bedroom, Is My Business" Dwight Howard Responds To Mase, Camron & Everyone Else About Allegations Of Getting With A Man!
Oct 25, 2023
She Had Enough: Deaf Girl Spazzes Out On Folks Who Got Something To Say About Her Attitude Online!
Oct 31, 2023
"Have U Seen My V*gina??" OnlyFans Model Gets Offended After A Man Said He Wouldn't Smash Her!
Oct 08, 2023
"He's Pissed Off At Me" Ex-NBA Player Joe Smith's Wife Reveals He Left Home After Finding Out She Has An OnlyFans!
Nov 01, 2023
Was She Wrong For That? Delivery Driver Returns A Customer's $400 Order After Receiving No Tip!
Oct 20, 2023
C'mon Mayne: Flavor Flav Sings The National Anthem At Milwaukee Bucks Game!
Oct 30, 2023
"You N——'s Ain't Going Nowhere With Your Rapping" Charleston White Begs Rappers Over 30 Years Old To Stop Rapping, Says There's No Money In Rap!
Oct 26, 2023
Accident Or Murder? Former NHL Player Adam Johnson Dead After Skate Slashes His Throat During Elite Ice Hockey League Match!
Oct 29, 2023
270-Pound Autistic Student Who Brutally Assaulted Teacher Over Nintendo Switch.. Now Facing Up To 30 Years In Prison!
Oct 14, 2023
Social Media Is Killing The Family: Former NBA Player Joe Smith Finds Out His Wife Has An OnlyFans!
Oct 29, 2023
If Cold Blooded Ain't The Word... When Evil Parents Realize They Have Been Caught!
Oct 29, 2023
She Needs To See A Doctor: Woman Explains Why She's Still Single But Folks Online Are Focused On Something Else!
Oct 21, 2023
Cam'ron & Mase React To Dwight Howard's Situation! "Its Never Consensual If You Surprise Somebody"
Oct 25, 2023
This Getting Crazier By The Second: Dwight Howard's Alleged Victim, Stephen Harper Speaks Out, Claims He's Not His First Victim & Reveals Kitty!
Oct 26, 2023


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Requesting A Tour
For groups of eight or more, community members may request a tour of either the Art Museum or the Skinner Museum as well as any of our special exhibitions. For further information or to book a tour, email Kendra Weisbin, Associate Curator of Engagement and Head of Interpretation, at email@example.com, or call the Museum's main number at (413) 538-2245. If you are a K-12 Educator, please learn how to schedule a class visit.
If you are a faculty member interested in scheduling a tour or visit for your class, please contact Ellen Alvord, Associate Director for Engagement and Weatherbie Curator of Academic Programs, at firstname.lastname@example.com, or visit our Faculty page for more information.
Events And Links
African American painter and printmaker Curlee Raven Holton reinvents Shakespeare's Othello in this series of ten etchings, created during an artist residency at the Venice Printmaking Studio in 2012. At once aesthetically decadent and psychologically raw, Holton's sepia-toned prints explore the...
Celebrating Ten Years of Teaching with Art
Inspired by the broad interpretative possibility of objects, Major Themes is an innovative, two-year exhibition that brings thought-provoking dialogues from the Museum's teaching classroom into its public galleries.
The Mount Holyoke College Art Museum's Teaching with Art program...
Joan Jonas and the Mirror
Once called the "Mother of all Performance Art," Joan Jonas '58 has used mirrors in her groundbreaking multimedia works since the late 1960s. From early performances captured on 16mm film, to recent installation pieces, Jonas uses the concept of the mirror to show us that images are not facts,...


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22 Feb, 2024 15:40:06
Shiplap Apex Shed 159 - Workshop, Thicker Boards
These heavy duty apex roof sheds are available in 15 sizes. The widths available are 4' (1.2m), 5' (1.5m), 6' (1.8m), 7' (2.1m), 8' (2.4m), 10' (3.0m). The lengths are 6' (1.8m), 7' (2.1m), 10' (3.0m), 12' (3.6m), 14' (4.2m) or 16' (4.8m). Features substantial ex 2" planed framing with thicker than normal 15mm tongued and grooved boards throughout - to the walls, floor and roof. Options include double doors, toughened safety glass, decorative felt tiles and preservative treatment. Instructions are supplied and large prefabricated panels simplify the installation. We offer fitting as a low cost option in many areas.
Prices fixed until Thursday 29th February.
The prices INCLUDE DELIVERY. Everything you need for assembly is supplied including instructions, fixings and all glazing and roofing materials. INSTALLATION is also available as a low cost option in most areas.
Size | 15mm Thick Shiplap | Preservative treatment inside and out | 6" higher walls | Toughened glass | Bearers | Decorative felt tiles | One piece EPDM rubber roof | Installation of shed with standard felted roof | Installation of shed with felt tiles |
3'11" x 5'11" | £672 | +£83 | +£58 | +£6 | +£48 | +£64 | +£191 | +£118 | +£177 |
4'11" x 6'11" | £819 | +£86 | +£74 | +£11 | +£58 | +£84 | +£222 | +£118 | +£177 |
5'11" x 5'11" | £873 | +£86 | +£80 | +£6 | +£76 | +£84 | +£225 | +£118 | +£177 |
5'11" x 7'10" | £935 | +£96 | +£86 | +£11 | +£76 | +£101 | +£225 | +£125 | +£188 |
5'11" x 9'10" | £1,097 | +£109 | +£102 | +£18 | +£97 | +£129 | +£258 | +£158 | +£237 |
5'11" x 11'10" | £1,264 | +£124 | +£119 | +£24 | +£115 | +£160 | +£297 | +£158 | +£237 |
6'11" x 6'11" | £935 | +£96 | +£86 | +£11 | +£76 | +£101 | +£231 | +£125 | +£188 |
7'10" x 7'10" | £1,149 | +£106 | +£107 | +£11 | +£115 | +£126 | +£273 | +£133 | +£200 |
7'10" x 9'10" | £1,302 | +£124 | +£119 | +£18 | +£115 | +£151 | +£289 | +£158 | +£237 |
7'10" x 11'10" | £1,511 | +£145 | +£142 | +£24 | +£123 | +£179 | +£334 | +£173 | +£260 |
7'10" x 13'9" | £1,769 | +£168 | +£165 | +£24 | +£143 | +£208 | +£362 | +£195 | +£293 |
7'10" x 15'9" | £2,003 | +£179 | +£190 | +£24 | +£151 | +£238 | +£411 | +£195 | +£293 |
9'10" x 9'10" | £1,670 | +£143 | +£155 | +£18 | +£130 | +£194 | +£326 | +£195 | +£293 |
9'10" x 11'10" | £2,000 | +£153 | +£190 | +£24 | +£143 | +£230 | +£385 | +£195 | +£293 |
Size | 15mm Thick Shiplap | Preservative treatment inside and out | 6" higher walls | Toughened glass | Bearers | Decorative felt tiles | One piece EPDM rubber roof | Installation of shed with standard felted roof | Installation of shed with felt tiles |
9'10" x 13'9" | £2,366 | +£179 | +£225 | +£24 | +£169 | +£266 | +£444 | +£228 | +£342 |
- Individually made to order
- All timber used in the construction of this shed originates from sustainable forests
- Scandinavian redwood or whitewood
- Framed, ledged and braced doors (with horizontal, diagonal and vertical framing)
- 3 galvanised T hinges per door
- Rim lock with keys fitted to all single doors
- 3mm horticultural glass throughout
- Heavy duty 15mm (ex 3/4") deal tongued and grooved shiplap cladding (finished size after machining)
- Heavy duty 15mm (ex 3/4") deal tongued and grooved floor boards (finished size after machining)
- Heavy duty 15mm (ex 3/4") deal tongued and grooved roof boards (finished size after machining)
- Strong 2" thick planed deal floor joists (45mm x 33mm finished size after machining)
- Strong 2" thick planed deal framework (45mm x 33mm finished size after machining)
- Heavy duty green mineral felted roof
- Door height 5'9" (1750mm)
- Door width 2'7" (790mm)
- Internal eaves height at the lowest point inside 5'6" (1680mm)
- Ridge height 6'7" or 2000mm (4' wide)
- Ridge height 6'11" or 2100mm (5' wide)
- Ridge height 6'11" or 2100mm (6' wide)
- Ridge height 7'1" or 2150mm (7' wide)
- Ridge height 7'5" or 2250mm (8' wide)
- Ridge height 7'9" or 2350mm (10' wide)
- 6' wide window walls feature 1 pane of glass
- 7' and 8' wide window walls feature 2 panes of glass
- 10' wide window walls feature 3 panes of glass
- 12' wide window walls feature 4 panes of glass
QUALITY CONSTRUCTION: A feature of these quality sheds is the door frame with vertical, horizontal and diagonal framing. The windows are glazed with glass. Many sheds at similar prices include thin styrene glazing which provides little security or weather protection. Another feature is the substantial 2" thick framing, which ensures a more robust and durable building. The boarding is fully interlocked tongued and grooved throughout including the walls, floor and roof.
SCANDINAVIAN REDWOOD OR WHITEWOOD: The most widely used timber in the UK for years, Scandinavian Redwood and Whitewood grow in the well managed forests of Scandinavia and the coldest parts of Northern Europe. The cold climate ensures slow growth. The growth rings are much closer together than faster growing trees from warmer climates. As a result the timber is heavy and durable with a close grain pattern. The wood is seasoned and kiln dried to achieve the correct moisture content before it is machined. Redwood and Whitewood are so similar in appearance and performance that it is difficult to tell the difference. Both are classified as slightly durable and treatment is required for outside use. The forests of Scandinavia and Northern Europe have been responsibly managed on a sustainable basis for centuries so Scandinavian Redwood or Whitewood is an enviromentally friendly choice.
THICKER CLADDING: A feature of this heavy duty garden shed is thicker ex 3/4" cladding with a finished thickness of 15mm. The use of thinner cladding with a finished thickness of 12mm is almost universal throughout the industry. These 25% thicker boards are more substantial and longer lasting.
SIZES - LENGTH AND WIDTH: The sizes are listed alongside the price. The first dimension listed is the width and the second dimension is the length. The width refers to the angled gable walls at the front and rear including the door wall. The length refers to the side walls. The sizes listed are the external wall sizes. These sizes do not include the roof overhang. Many other suppliers quote the overall roof size which is much larger.
- Installation (in some postcode areas only)
- Preservative treatment inside and out by spraying on all sides with a high quality preservative
- Choice of 15mm deal shiplap or 15mm deal loglap (finished sizes after machining)
- Pressure treated 3" x 3" floor bearers (lifetime preservative treatment)
- Decorative red, green or black mineral felt tiles
- Windows can be positioned to either side
- Choice of door hinges on the left or right for buildings supplied with a single door (viewed from outside)
- Extra 150mm eaves height - increases the height at the lowest point inside to 6' (1830mm)
- Wider single door
- Double doors with galvanised padbolt (padlock not supplied)
- Double doors with black japanned padlock protector (padlock not supplied)
- One piece EPDM rubber roof membrane, a tough roof surface which is virtually maintenance free
- Opening windows
- Additional windows
- Available with no windows for improved security at no additional cost
- Toughened glass to BS6206 Class A
- Solar powered inside lights
- Solar powered outside lights
- Additional security features
- Recycled plastic base kits
- Portable indoor gas heaters - no need for an electricity supply or trailing leads
- A selection of microporous wood preservatives in a wide choice of colours
- This shed can be made in smaller sections if access restricted
OPTIONAL SAME DAY INSTALLATION - THE BENEFITS: Our optional in house installation service is not just convenient, it is also your assurance of a better quality garden shed. This is because any building with in house installation available is invariably better made using quality components. Over time regular feedback from fitters ensures that design faults and weaknesses have been rectified. Same day installation is convenient for you and cost effective because it saves travelling costs. The fitters will deliver your garden shed and then install it, all at the same time. Others send sub-contract fitters separately, often from far away and often a week or two after the delivery. Waiting for the fitter can be very frustrating. Sub-contract fitting is also much more expensive because of the travelling costs. The fitting service does not include base preparation. A flat and level base is required, which can be made using concrete, paving slabs, pressure treated timber or plastic. In many areas we offer a base laying service as an option. We also offer heavy duty plastic base kits in all areas.
TOUGHENED SAFETY GLASS: Toughened safety glass is around 6 times stronger than normal glass so it is less likely to break. When it does break, toughened glass breaks into harmless small pieces. This makes toughened glass the best option for all the family including children, pets and the elderly.
FLOOR BEARERS: Bearers are substantial pressure treated beams under the floor, which will prolong the life of your garden shed. The bearers are the only part of the garden shed which is in contact with the ground and they are pressure treated for longer life. The bearers also raise the floor above the ground. This allows air to circulate under the floor to reduce dampness and also reduces saturation of the lower cladding boards.
DECORATIVE FELT TILES: Mineral coated bitumen felt tiles are an attractive and durable roofing material which is far more hardwearing than standard roofing felt. Traditionally used for small buildings only in the UK, felt tiles are used much more in Scandinavia and North America where they are used widely in general housebuilding. The sophisticated design features a strip of almost dry bitumen adhesive. Over time each tile sticks to the tile below for improved waterproofing and windproofing. All fixings are covered by the next row of felt tiles, partly to ensure a neat appearance with concealed fixings but mainly to protect the fixing holes from any possible moisture. Mineral felt tiles are made using asphalt with a bitumen binder and an external covering of durable and attractive natural stone chips. Mineral felt tiles are often described as felt shingles because the design resembles traditional cedar shingles.
ONE PIECE EPDM ROOF: A tough EPDM rubber membrane is made in one piece to the size of your roof with no joins. It is easily fitted within a few minutes at normal temperatures with no heat required. EPDM rubber is completely inert, UV stable and not affected by extreme temperatures. It never perishes and it will not rot, split, crack or degrade. EPDM rubber lasts for years with little or no maintenance. It has been widely used in flat roofing for over 40 years from Alaska to the Middle East. It is increasingly popular in the UK where it is widely used for re-roofing flat roof garages and extensions. Even in extreme weather conditions EPDM rubber remains flexible and it will stretch to absorb any movement as a timber roof expands and contracts with the seasons.
RECYCLED PLASTIC BASE KITS: Our durable eco-grid and eco-paving base kits are a practical and affordable alternative to slabs or concrete. Lightweight and easy to install within a few minutes, these recycled polypropylene pavers simply click together with no fixings needed. The interlocking design helps to spread weight and ensures greater rigidity. Weed membranes are not needed below a timber floor. The self draining design prolongs the life of a timber floor. Unlike paving or concrete our plastic bases are fully relocatable. The base is normally at least 2" or 50mm larger than your building. Where space permits the base is normally laid full size but if required in a tight location our plastic pavers can be cut. Fast delivery within 3-5 days ensures that you can start work quickly.
ECO-GRID BASE KITS: Eco-grids are recommended if the sub-base is soil, sand or pea shingle but not on hard surfaces such as concrete, because the underside is not flat. Integral pegs on the underside help to level the base grids more easily in soil or sand or shingle. Our eco-grid plastic bases can support up to 200 tonnes per square metre. We offer exactly the same eco-grids as driveways and carparks. Gravel or shingle infill is not required below a timber floor. Whatever you store in your building, our eco-grids will support the weight easily. Each eco-grid is 472mm x 472mm and 40mm thick with an immensely strong 60x60mm hexagonal cell structure. Extensive preparation is not normally required - just level the soil and lay the pavers directly on soil or on a thin layer of sand or pea shingle. Any exposed edges around the base can be left unfilled or filled with gravel or shingle.
ECO-PAVING BASE KITS: Eco-paving is recommended if the sub-base is a hard surface such as concrete or paving slabs, because the pavers feature a flat and level underside. Our eco-paving is less brittle than concrete paving slabs, with a strong supporting structure. The surface looks and feels similar to pressed concrete slabs, with a slightly textured finish. Each eco-paver is 385mm x 385mm and 40mm thick. The pavers are quickly and easily easily laid over an existing hard surface.
MICROPOROUS PRESERVATIVE - DELIVERED TO YOUR DOOR: Our quality microporous preservatives are impervious to water but not to water vapour. This allows the wood to breathe. You can order up to 3 separate colours if required. At least two coats are normally required with a further coat at periodic intervals.
Our 3 star preservative is practical and affordable with a choice of 4 colours. It covers around 10 square metres per litre and normally lasts 1-2 years before a further coat is required.
Our 4 star preservative is a high quality preservative which covers around 9 square metres per litre and normally lasts 2-5 years before a further coat is required. It is available with a choice of 12 colours.
Our 5 star preservative is a deluxe high build preservative which can be used to achieve a stunning finish. Each extra coat increases the colour and sheen. It covers around 8 square metres per litre and normally lasts 2-5 years before a further coat is required. It is available with a choice of 12 colours.
Based on average coverage five litres of our 4 star preservative is enough for two coats on an 8'x10' shed or an 8'x8' log cabin. Ten litres is enough for three coats on a 10'x16' shed or a 12'x10' log cabin. Coverage varies according to the smoothness of the surface and the porosity of the timber. We recommend that you order more than you need to be sure that you have easily enough. All of these preservatives are safe for use with children and pets. These microporous preservatives are only available when you purchase a Summer garden building or if you purchased a Summer building in the past. Prices include free mainland delivery to England, Wales and southern Scotland. Colours are only as accurate as reproductive techniques allow.
WATERPROOF COLOUR SEAL - DELIVERED TO YOUR DOOR: This advanced water-based microprous timber treatment uses the latest high-tech nanotechnology to create a long-lasting waterproof wood coating that is environmentally friendly. It is suitable for use on all softwood and hardwood products and is especially recommended for use on pressure treated timber, including sheds, summerhouses, gazebos, fencing and garden furniture. This timber treatment will colour, protect and enhance your exterior wood. It contains a mould inhibitor to protect the coating and can be used on all outside and inside timber. It gives a traditional matt wood stain finish in a range of natural colours. It can easily be applied by sprayer, brush or roller. It is recommended that the second coat is applied as soon as the first coat is touch dry. We advise for ultimate performance the timber has a wood preservative pre-treatment. For the first treatment, two coats are recommended and will give a traditional wood stain finish that is long lasting. A further coat is recommended every 2-5 years. One litre covers approximately 10-12 square metres. Coverage varies according to the smoothness of the surface and the porosity of the timber. On average five litres covers a 12x8 shed with two coats and ten litres covers a 10x20 with three coats. It is recommended that 2 coats be applied. We recommend that you order more than you need to be sure that you have easily enough. The appearance of colours and shades may vary between different screens or devices. Prices include free mainland delivery to England, Wales and southern Scotland.
WATERPROOF CLEAR SEAL - DELIVERED TO YOUR DOOR: Our hardwearing clear seal is ideal as a clear varnish for bare timber or as a waterproof top coat for painted wood and pressure treated timber. It is also ideal as a waterproof floor varnish, especially the polyurethane clear seal. The smooth and shiny finished surface is waterproof and easy to clean. Available in a choice of acrylic or polyurethane, these colourless water based coatings are almost odourless and recommended for smooth planed timber only. One coat is normally required as a sealing top coat on painted or treated timber. A minimum of two coats are normally required on untreated wood. Up to three coats may be required for floors. An unsealed timber floor quickly shows muddy boot marks and other dirt. For best results a floor should be treated at the earliest opportunity while the timber is new and clean. On average five litres of our 5 star clear seal is enough for three coats on a 12'x12' floor, two coats on the walls of an 8'x8' log cabin or one coat on the walls of a 12'x16' log cabin. We recommend that you order more than you need to be sure that you have easily enough. The price includes free mainland delivery to England, Wales and southern Scotland.
ADDITIONAL LOCKS: Heavy duty bolts, brackets and locks are available to provide additional security for your most valuable items. A heavy duty anchor bracket with a cable and padlock can be securely wall or floor mounted into brickwork, concrete or timber. The security cable is long enough to secure several items such as bicycles or a lawnmower. Padlocks are available with a closed shackle for security or a combination lock for convenience. Heavy duty sliding combination bolts can be fitted to single or double doors. The recodable combination bolt is quick and easy to use, with no keys to lose and no time wasted looking for keys. A hasp and staple set or a pair of door brackets can also be fitted to single or double doors. Ideally two pairs of brackets or two hasp and staple locks will provide a secure fixing point at the top and bottom of the door for maximum security.
BURGLAR ALARM: This simple and effective battery operated burglar alarm kit is easy to install in any wooden garden building. The main panel features a digital keypad and a powerful built-in siren. Two pre-wired door contacts are also included complete with a length of cable which plugs into the main panel. A 9 volt PP3 alkaline battery is required, which is not supplied with the kit. The alarm is easy to set using the digital keypad. A delay allows plenty of time to enter or leave the building after setting the alarm. Once the alarm has been armed it will be triggered by opening the door or tampering with the wiring. When the alarm is activated the siren emits a powerful and unpleasant sound to deter intruders.
SOLAR POWERED LIGHTS: These ingenious and affordable solar powered lights are easy to install with no mains wiring and they cost nothing to run. During the day the externally mounted solar panel converts daylight into electricity and recharges the batteries. The solar panel is weatherproof and suitable for outside use. It is normally positioned high on the walls of your garden shed or on the roof. Our solar internal lights solve the problem of seeing inside your garden shed at night. Our solar security lights illuminate the approach to your garden shed at night and may also deter burglars. After dusk the passive infra red movement detector switches itself on when it detects movement. The more expensive solar lights are brighter and stay on for longer.
RESTRICTED ACCESS: A quality feature of these buildings is that they are made in large rigid panels. If access is restricted, your building can be specially made in smaller sections designed to pass through a normal single door. The smaller sections are designed to be at least as strong as the larger panels normally supplied. There is a charge for this option and notice is required with the order. For more details see "Other options".
- Delivery is normally between 4 and 6 weeks after order.
- Our prices for garden sheds include all delivery charges - unlike others we do not add delivery charges during the checkout process.
SPECIALIST DELIVERY SERVICE: These garden sheds are normally delivered by specialist trained staff in dedicated vehicles. This ensures less damage. Many mass produced garden sheds are delivered by national carriers who deliver to the kerbside only and generally cause more damage. National carriers refuse to carry glass and their prices are based on weight and pack sizes. As a result garden sheds delivered by outside carriers are normally made in smaller sections and weigh less with thinner framing, flimsy OSB boarding and thin styrene glazing. The benefits of our specialist delivery service include less damage, larger panels, heavier construction and helpful drivers who will carry your garden shed to your chosen storage place.
- All prices for garden sheds include VAT.
ORDER ONLINE: You can pay with a debit or credit card. We also accept password protected online payments using Verified by VISA or Mastercard SecureCode.
METHODS OF PAYMENT: We accept most major credit cards and debit cards including VISA, MasterCard, VISA Debit and MasterCard Debit. We also accept secure online payments using Verified by VISA or MasterCard SecureCode. We do not accept American Express or Diners Club cards at present.
SCHOOLS, COUNCILS AND BUSINESSES: We supply many schools, local councils and businesses both large and small. The prices and terms are the same so you can order online if you wish. If you want to pay by BACS transfer or company cheque please email us.
- Installation by specialist trained staff is available as an option in most postcode areas.
- If installation is available in your local area the prices are displayed alongside the garden shed prices.
OPTIONAL INSTALLATION: If installation is ordered your garden shed will be delivered and installed on the same day by prior appointment with you. These garden sheds are designed to be professionally installed so more care is taken in the factory to speed up installation and minimize problems on site. The result is better quality garden sheds which are easy to fit and longer lasting.
SIMPLE DIY ASSEMBLY: Because these garden sheds are designed to be professionally installed they are also easier to fit yourself. Features of these garden sheds include careful construction with high quality components, larger panel sizes and fewer problems.
Features and Accessories
Security features
Shed base preparation and other information
DIY preservative - waterproof clear seal
Door options
Decorative felt tiles
Design Options
Portable indoor gas heaters
Burglar alarm
Solar powered inside lights - no running costs
Solar powered mood lights - no running costs
Solar powered outside lights with motion sensors - no running costs
Solar powered spot lights - no running costs
Window options
Heavy duty storage tubs
DIY preservative - microporous - 3 star
DIY preservative - microporous - 4 star
DIY preservative - microporous - 5 star
Floor mats - non slip EVA foam
Shelving - steel
Wall mounted storage bins
Steel tool racks
Restricted access for large panels
Tool hooks
Toughened glass
Workbenches - steel
Workbenches - timber


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Looming in the background is a sensitive issue: When to bring in the cranes and begin the salvage effort by cutting up and raising the submerged vessel. The government has warned that the work might eliminate air pockets that could be sustaining survivors, but for some relatives that is a long-lost hope.
"Now we think we have to deal with this realistically," said Pyun Yong-gi, whose 17-year-old daughter is among the missing.
"We don't want the bodies to decay further, so we want them to pull out the bodies as quickly as they can," Pyun said on Jindo island, where recovered bodies are taken for families to identify.
That view is not shared among all relatives of the missing, however. One of them, Jang Jong-ryul, was sensitive about the mere mention of the word "salvage" and said most families don't want to think about it.
The number of corpses recovered has risen sharply since the weekend, when divers battling strong currents and low visibility were finally able to enter the submerged vessel. But Koh Myung-seok, spokesman for the government-wide emergency task force, said the work is becoming more difficult, and divers must now break through cabin walls.
"The lounge is one big open space, so once in it we got our search done straight away. But in the case of the cabins, we will have to break down the walls in between because they are all compartments," Koh said.
The government has not said when it intends to begin the salvage effort, though it has said it will be considerate of families of the missing.
"Even if there is only one survivor," Koh said, "our government will do its best to rescue that person, and then we will salvage the ferry."
For some relatives of the missing, speed in recovering the dead is becoming more important than shrinking hopes that their loved ones might still be alive.
"I've seen the bodies and they are starting to smell. It inflicts a new wound for the parents to see the bodies decomposed," Pyun said.
He and other relatives have set a deadline of Thursday for the government to recover all the bodies, though he concedes they have no way to enforce it. "We are not the ones who are actually doing it, so we know that there is nothing we can do," Pyun said.
The victims of the April 16 disaster are overwhelmingly students of a single high school in Ansan, near Seoul. More than three-quarters of the 323 students are dead or missing, while nearly two-thirds of the other 153 people on board survived.
The funeral halls in Ansan are already full, Oh Sang-yoon of the task force center said in a statement. He said the center "is taking measures to accommodate additional bodies by placing mortuary refrigerators at the funeral halls in Ansan," and directing mourning families to funeral homes in nearby cities.
Twenty-two of the 29 members of the ferry's crew survived, and 11, including Capt. Lee Joon-seok, have been arrested or detained in connection with the investigation. Two of the crew were arrested Wednesday, senior prosecutor Ahn Sang-don said.
Ahn said an analysis of photos and video on the ship before its sinking showed the captain and other arrested crew members didn't rescue passengers, though it was their duty. Ahn said the crew members were at the ship's steering room or engine room together before fleeing the Sewol earlier than passengers.
The captain initially told passengers to stay in their cabins, and waited about half an hour to issue an evacuation order. He has said he waited because the current was strong, the water was cold and passengers could have drifted away before help arrived. But maritime experts said he could have ordered passengers to the deck - where they would have had a greater chance of survival - without telling them to abandon ship.
It was not the crew but a passenger who first alerted authorities that the boat was in distress, the coast guard confirmed Wednesday.
An emergency call was made 8:52 a.m. last Wednesday to the Jeonnam 119 fire department, which transferred the call to the Mokpo coast guard office, the coast guard said in an emailed statement. The ferry made its first distress call three minutes later.
Yonhap news agency reported that the caller was a student from Ansan, and remains missing.
The cause of the disaster is not yet known. Ahn said investigators are considering factors including wind, ocean currents, freight, modifications made to the ship and the fact that it turned just before it began listing.
Tracking data show that the ship made a 45-degree turn, and that it turned about 180 degrees in the course of about three minutes around the time the vessel began to list.
A maritime professor who spoke with the Sewol's third mate, who is among those arrested and was steering the ferry before it sank, said he suspects a problem with the steering gear caused the sinking.
Professor Kim Woo-Sook of Mokpo National Maritime University said he spoke to Park Han-gyeol, a former student, a Mokpo detention facility. He says she told him she ordered a helmsman to make just a 5-degree turn, but the steering gear turned too far and the helmsman could not turn it back.
Kim said the steering gear would not have been enough alone to capsize the ship, but he suspects it caused poorly secured freight to shift, making the vessel unbalanced. He said he told her he believes she didn't make any mistakes in steering the ship, but that was wrong to have followed the captain in escaping the ship without protecting the passengers.
Senior prosecutor Yang Jung-jin said government investigators have not confirmed problems in the steering gear of the Sewol.
Kim reported from Mokpo, South Korea. Associated Press writers Youkyung Lee in Incheon, Jung-hee Oh and Kyeongmin Lee in Jindo, Chang Yong-jun in Ansan, and Foster Klug, Jung-yoon Choi and Leon Drouin-Keith in Seoul contributed to this report.


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Kroger® 100% Whole Wheat Hot Dog Buns
Nutritional Information
Whole wheat flour, water, sugar, yeast, vital wheat gluten, wheat bran. Contains 2% or less of: soybean oil, molasses, salt, sodium stearoyl lactylate, calcium sulfate, ascorbic acid, ammonium sulfate, calcium propionate (preservative), vinegar, sesame flour. CONTAINS: WHEAT, SESAME.
Allergen Info
Contains Sesame Seeds and their derivates,Wheat and Their Derivatives. Free from Crustaceans and their derivates,Eggs and their derivates,Fish and their derivates,Soybean and its Derivatives,Milk and its derivates,Tree Nuts and Their Derivatives,Peanuts and their derivates.
Actual product packaging and materials may contain additional and/or different ingredient,
nutritional, or proper usage information than the information displayed on our website. ...


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HRABOVE, Ukraine — Bowing to international pressure Monday, pro-Moscow separatists released a train packed with bodies and handed over the black boxes from the downed Malaysia Airlines plane, four days after it plunged into rebel-held eastern Ukraine.
With body parts decaying in sweltering heat and signs that evidence at the crash site was mishandled, anger in Western capitals has mounted at the rebels and their allies in Moscow. Their reluctant cooperation will soothe mourning families and help investigators, but may do little to reconcile the East-West powers struggling over Ukraine's future.
Russia's Defense Ministry said it saw no evidence a missile was fired and denied involvement in the downing of Flight 17 — and suggested the Ukrainian military was at fault. President Vladimir Putin spoke out but showed no sign of abandoning the separatists as fighting flared anew near the site of the crash.
President Barack Obama accused the rebels of tampering with evidence and insulting victims' families, warning of new sanctions. Europeans will consider their own sanctions Tuesday.
The bodies of the 298 victims, most from the Netherlands, have become a part of the conflict in Ukraine because they could hold evidence of what brought the plane down on July 17 as it was flying from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur.
Grief turned to anger as families begged to get the bodies of their loved ones back, while the separatists held on to the remains.
"Bodies are just lying there for three days in the hot sun. There are people who have this on their conscience," said Silene Fredriksz-Hoogzand, whose son, Bryce, and his girlfriend Daisy Oehlers died on their way to a vacation in Bali, in an interview with The Associated Press in the Netherlands. "When I am in my bed at night, I see my son lying on the ground. ... They have to come home, not only those two. Everybody has to come home."
International forensics experts finally gained access to the crash site Monday — an emotional experience for the head of the Dutch National Forensic Investigations Team, Peter Van Vliet. Seeing the wreckage gave him goosebumps, he said.
The team stumbled across remains that had not yet been removed and inspected the perished passengers' luggage.
In Torez, a rebel-held town 15 kilometers (9 miles) from the crash site, inspectors bowed heads and clasped hands before climbing aboard refrigerated train cars holding the collected bodies. Armed rebels surrounded them, while commuters boarded other trains nearby.
The smell of decay was overwhelming. Workers wore masks, while passersby twisted their faces in horror at the odor. Temperatures hit 84 degrees F (29 degrees C), and a train engineer told the AP that a power outage had hit the refrigeration system temporarily overnight.
The rebels in Torez did not appear too conciliatory as the tense day wore on. They repeatedly tried to block reporters from access to the visiting experts, growing more aggressive throughout.
Late Monday, trucks arrived at the Torez station with plastic bags apparently filled with body parts, as well as piles of luggage — suitcases, backpacks, a purse with a Louis Vuitton label.
Ukrainian authorities said the total number of bodies recovered was 282.
Dutch investigators demanded the separatists transfer the bodies immediately, and the rebels complied after several hours.
With a long whistle and puff of smoke, the train bearing the bodies pulled slowly out of the station. Rebels holding automatic rifles walked alongside as it chugged away, a cluster of children on bicycles looking on.
It was headed through troubled territory, its destination not 100 percent clear.
Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte said the train was heading for the rebel-held city of Donetsk, 50 kilometers (30 miles) west of the crash site, and then on to Kharkiv, site of a crisis center controlled by the Ukrainian government. He said Ukrainian authorities have agreed to let the bodies be transferred from there to the Netherlands for identification, but gave no time frame.
The rebels handed over both black boxes from Flight 17 to Malaysian investigators in Ukraine later Monday.
A team of international observers at the sprawling crash site described strange behavior by workers.
"When we were leaving, we observed workers there hacking into the fuselage with gas-powered equipment," OSCE spokesman Michael Bociurkiw told reporters in Donetsk.
He said there was no security perimeter Monday at one of the bigger debris fields, and monitors saw that one of the largest pieces of the plane "had somewhat been split or moved apart."
In Washington, Obama asked, "What exactly are they trying to hide?"
"This is an insult to those who have lost loved ones. This is the kind of behavior that has no place in the community of nations," he said.
On Sunday, the U.S. said there was "powerful" evidence that the rebels had shot down the plane with a Russian surface-to-air missile, including video of a rocket launcher, one surface-to-air missile missing, being driven away from the likely launch site; imagery showing the firing; phone calls claiming credit for the missile strike and phone recordings said to reveal a cover-up at the crash site.
The Russian Defense Ministry offered its own evidence Monday, showing photos it said proved that Ukrainian surface-to-air systems were operating in the area before the crash — nine times alone the day the plane was brought down.
Russian officials also said they had evidence a Ukrainian Su-25 fighter jet had flown "between 3 to 5 kilometers (2 to 3 miles)" from the Malaysia Airlines jet.
"(The plane) is armed with air-to-air R-60 rockets, which can hit a target from a distance of up to 12 kilometers (7 miles) and guaranteed within 5 kilometers (3 miles)," said the chief of Russia's General staff, Lt. Gen. Andrei Kartopolov.
Defense Ministry officials insisted Russia had not given the rebels any surface-to-air missiles - and said they have no evidence that any missiles were launched at all. They asked the U.S. to share any satellite images of the launch.
Putin accused others of exploiting the downing of the plane for "mercenary objectives." He said Kiev authorities had reignited the fighting after a unilateral cease-fire expired without progress on peace talks.
At the U.N., the Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution demanding international access to the crash site and an end to military activities around the area, following intense pressure on a reluctant Russia to support the measure.
Fighting in eastern Ukraine began in mid-April after Russia annexed Ukraine's southern Crimean Peninsula a month earlier.
Battles erupted again Monday between the separatists and government troops in Donetsk, according to city authorities. An AP reporter heard several explosions and saw smoke rising from the direction of the city airport.
David McHugh in Kiev, Laura Mills and Nataliya Vasilyeva in Moscow, Lucian Kim in Donetsk, Ukraine, Alexandra Olson at the United Nations and Mike Corder in The Hague, Netherlands, contributed to this report.


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HEAD™'s philosophy is "Advanced Performance through Superior Technology" and it shows in their products. HEAD equipment includes top-of-the-line snorkels, masks, goggles, caps, and training accessories for serious swimmers, snorkelers, and scuba divers. Their Watersports equipment is developed under their in-house brand MARES™, so whether it comes branded as HEAD or MARES, aquatic athletes can rest assured they're getting a quality product.
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HEAD swimming equipment can be used in the open water during snorkeling or SCUBA expeditions, but works equally well in the pool for swimmers who want the same quality and performance while they swim laps. HEAD caps, HEAD kickboards, HEAD ear plugs. HEAD fins and HEAD swim paddles are the kind of training equipment that take a workout from good to great. HEAD goggles are designed with the same care and attention to detail as their snorkeling and SCUBA gear. Sleek, comfortable and durable, when it comes to HEAD equipment you'll never have to worry about a cheap product ruining your time in the water.


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Snuggle Hunny
Jersey Wrap & Topknot Set
Our Daisy Baby Jersey Wrap and Topknot set is filled with a gorgeous field of daisy flowers.
100% Cotton knit jersey wrap. It measures approx 100cm x 100cm and comes with a matching topknot.
Ideal to wrap your baby as a swaddle, blanket for the cot/bassinet, for use over the pram when out and about, to cover yourself while feeding or as a snuggly blankie.
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M. Berryman & P. Woller (2007) RĀPP: Tape-assisted reading to support students' literacy in Māori in two bilingual schools.. New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER)
A literacy project aimed to raise the reading achievement of Māori students was conducted using Ripene Āwhina ki te Pānui Pukapuka (RĀPP), a tape-assisted reading resource for students learning to read in te reo Māori. SET Research Information for Teachers (2007) No. 2, 19-23.


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1. General
Driver for 20th owns and manages this website (the "Website"). We respect your privacy and value our relationship with you. In addition to this Privacy Policy, your visit to this Website is subject to specific Terms and Conditions, accessible here.
This Privacy Policy describes the types of personal information we collect on this Website, how we may use that information and with whom we may share it. Our Privacy Policy also describes the measures we take to protect the security of this information as well as how you can access, modify or delete your personal information.
If you do not consent to the terms and conditions respecting our collection, use and disclosure of personal information set out in this Privacy Policy, please do not use the Website.
Please note that this Privacy Policy governs only the collection, use and disclosure of personal information collected through the Website. It does not govern any other information or communications that may reference Driver for 20th.
2. Personal Information Collected
You may choose to provide us with personal information when you visit the Website. For example, you may be asked to provide certain information, including your name, mailing address, email address, country of residence, company, company address, telephone number and fax number, when you decide to contact or otherwise engage with us through one of the various means available on the Website.
Please do not provide us with the personal information of third party individuals in the course of your use of the Website, without obtaining their express consent for such a disclosure.
3. Cookies and Other Information Respecting Website Use
Our Website uses a technology called "cookies". A cookie is a tiny element of data that our Website can send to your browser, which may then be stored on your hard drive so we can recognize you when you return. We use cookies to help us understand which areas of our Website are useful and which areas need improvement, which assists us in planning for future improvements to the Website. You may set your Web browser to notify you when you receive a cookie or to not accept certain cookies. However, if you decide not to accept cookies from our Website, you may not be able to take full advantage of all of the features of our Website.
Our Website may also use a technology called "tracer tags" or "Web Beacons". This technology allows us to understand which pages you visit on our Website. These tracer tags are used to help us optimize and tailor our Website for you and other future visitors to our Website. We collect the IP (Internet protocol) addresses of all visitors to our Website and clickstream and other related information such as the websites you visit immediately before and immediately after visiting our website, page requests, browser type, operating system, the internet service provider you use and average time spent on our Website. We use this information to administer our Website, monitor and improve our services and our Website, determine how our Website is being used, identify popular areas of our Website and analyze trends and usage patterns.
4. Limited Collection, Use and Disclosure
We will limit the collection of personal information to that which is reasonably required to fulfill the purposes for which it is collected.
We will collect, use and disclose personal information about you for the following purposes, as may be applicable to the Website you are using: (i) answering general inquiries regarding our products and activities and/or those of our dealers and affiliates, (ii) provide you with a product quote, (iii) process your order submitted to us through a dealer (iv) process your request to become a Driver for 20th dealer, (v) process your request for a lunch-and-learn session or information binder, (vi) process an employment application submitted to us, (vii) submit an advertisement opportunity, (viii) obtain a Driver for 20th User Account, or (ix) receive technical support by email. We shall inform you of any additional purposes for which your personal information may be used or disclosed in the future, before any such use or disclosure occurs.
We may use your personal information to communicate to you, from time to time, information about our products and our partners' products, as well as other company-related news. Further to Section 6 below, you may unsubscribe from such communications at any time.
Personal information may also be shared internally and with our dealers and affiliates in order to allow us to adequately respond to your inquiries, communicate with you for the purposes described herein or otherwise assist you, as described above.
We will retain your personal information only as long as necessary to fulfill the purposes for which it was collected, and will delete or destroy same once those purposes have been achieved and the personal information is no longer necessary.
5. Accuracy of Your Personal Information
In order to assist you in a professional manner, the personal information that we collect must be accurate, complete and current. You may access, update and correct any inaccuracies in your personal information that is in our control and custody by sending an email to firstname.lastname@example.com.
6. Withdrawal of Consent to Collection, Use and Disclosure
You may withdraw your consent to the collection, use and disclosure of your personal information at any time by emailing us at email@example.com. However, in the event you withdraw your consent, we may not be able to continue to respond to inquiries, process any requests submitted to us, or otherwise assist you in connection with the Website.
With respect to marketing communications in particular, you may choose whether or not you would like to receive such communications from us or our dealers and affiliates. You may change your preferences with respect to marketing communications at any time by clicking the "unsubscribe" link at the bottom of each email you receive from us, our dealers or affiliates, or by emailing us at firstname.lastname@example.com and specifying that you no longer consent to receiving email, direct mail and/or phone communications.
7. Personal Information We Disclose and To Whom We Disclose It
We will not provide your personal information to third parties for their use in marketing their products or services to you without your consent. In addition, we do not sell or otherwise disclose personal information about visitors to the Website except as described herein.
Service Providers. We may retain other companies and individuals to perform functions on our behalf in a manner consistent with this Privacy Policy, including but not limited to, as applicable, customer support specialists and webhosting companies. We require third party service providers to respect the confidentiality of personal information and all legal requirements under applicable Canadian federal and provincial privacy legislation, and to agree to contractual requirements that are consistent with this Privacy Policy. Such third parties may be provided with access to personal information needed to perform their functions but may not use such information other than on our behalf and in accordance with this Privacy Policy, and only for the specific purposes for which we supply it to them.
Compliance with Law. We, our dealers, affiliates and third party service providers may disclose your personal information in response to a search warrant or other legally valid inquiry or order, or as otherwise required by applicable law. We may also disclose personal information where necessary for the establishment, exercise or defense of legal claims, as otherwise permitted by law.
8. Security of Personal Information
We protect your personal information by using safeguards appropriate to the sensitivity of the personal information. We use physically secure facilities, industry standard security tools and practices, and clearly defined internal policies and practices. Security measures are in place to protect the loss, misuse and alteration of the personal information under our control. Personal information is stored in secure environments that are not available to the public (e.g., restricted access premises, locked rooms and filing cabinets). To prevent unauthorized electronic access to the personal information, any information that is stored in electronic form is protected in a secure electronic and physical environment.
9. Transfer of Personal Information to Other Countries
In some circumstances, personal information may be processed and stored outside of Canada by us, an affiliate or a third party service provider, and such personal information may be subject to disclosure in accordance with the laws applicable in the jurisdiction in which the information is processed or stored. These laws may not provide the same level of protection as Canadian privacy laws.
10. Third Party Links
The Website may contain links to other websites that we do not own or operate. Except as provided herein, we will not provide any of your personal information to these third parties without your consent. The linked websites may have separate and independent privacy statements, notices and terms of use, which we recommend you read carefully. We do not have any control over such websites, and therefore we have no responsibility or liability for the manner in which the organizations that operate such linked websites may collect, use or disclose, secure and otherwise treat your personal information.
11. Updates to Our Privacy Policy
We may revise this Privacy Policy from time to time. If we decide to change our Privacy Policy, we will post the revised policy here. To ensure that you are informed of our most up-to-date privacy terms, we suggest that you periodically consult this Privacy Policy page.