text:
Year of publication
- 2016 (1)
Document Type
- Book chapter (1)
- English (1) (remove)
Has full text
- yes (1) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (1)
- Informatik (1)
- Gesellschaft für Informatik (1) (remove)
Digital companies need information systems to implement their business processes end-to-end. BPM systems are promising candidates for that, because they are highly adaptable due to their business process model-driven operation mode. End-to-end processes contain different types of sub-processes that are either procedural, data-driven or business rule-based. Modern BPM systems support modeling notations for all these types of sub-processes. Moreover, end-to-end processes contain parts of shadow processing, so consequently, they must be supported in a performant way, too. BPMN seems to be the adequate notation for modeling these parts due to its procedural nature. Further, BPMN provides several elements that enable the modeling of parallel executions which are very interesting for accelerating shadow processing parts of the process. The present paper will observe the limitations and potentials of BPM systems for a high-performance execution of BPMN models representing shadow processing parts of a business process.


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Terms of Service
By accessing the website at https://nopoliceinschools.co.uk, you are agreeing to be bound by these terms of service, all applicable laws and regulations, and agree that you are responsible for compliance with any applicable local laws. If you do not agree with any of these terms, you are prohibited from using or accessing this site. The materials contained in this website are protected by applicable copyright and trademark law.
In no event shall No Police In Schools or its suppliers be liable for any damages (including, without limitation, damages for loss of data or profit, or due to business interruption) arising out of the use or inability to use the materials on No Police In Schools' website, even if No Police In Schools or a No Police In Schools authorised representative has been notified orally or in writing of the possibility of such damage. Because some jurisdictions do not allow limitations on implied warranties, or limitations of liability for consequential or incidental damages, these limitations may not apply to you.
The materials appearing on No Police In Schools' website could include technical, typographical, or photographic errors. No Police In Schools does not warrant that any of the materials on its website are accurate, complete or current. No Police In Schools may make changes to the materials contained on its website at any time without notice. However No Police In Schools does not make any commitment to update the materials.
No Police In Schools has not reviewed all of the sites linked to its website and is not responsible for the contents of any such linked site. The inclusion of any link does not imply endorsement by No Police In Schools of the site. Use of any such linked website is at the user's own risk.
No Police In Schools may revise these terms of service for its website at any time without notice. By using this website you are agreeing to be bound by the then current version of these terms of service.
These terms and conditions are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the United Kingdom and you irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts in that State or location.

subset: commoncrawl


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How to Fix (Error 1802)
How to fix (Error 1802)
1802 Error Code is caused in one way or another by misconfigured system files in your windows operating system.
So, If you got 1802 Error then We strongly recommend that you Download (Error 1802) Repair Tool.
This article contains information that shows you how to fix your windows 1802 error both (manually) and (automatically) , In addition, this article will help you troubleshoot some common error messages related to 1802 error code that you may receive.
Note: This article was previously published under WIKI_Q210794
What is (error code 1802) ?
The 1802 error is the numerical value of the error occurred. The error number is one of the value to identify the error. It holds information about the error, the possible cause of the error, the action that caused the error. Error numbers was used to address the errors in the common error code format used by windows and other windows compatible software and driver vendors.
This 1802 error code is used by the vendor to identify the error caused. This 1802 error code has a hexadecimal number and a technical description linked to it. In some cases the error may have more parameters in hexadecimal format which represents the memory locations where the instruction(s) was loaded at the time of the error. The system.ini file contains the listing of error codes used in Windows operating system and supporting software and drivers..
What causes error 1802 ?
The 1802 error may be caused by windows system files damage. The corrupted windows system files entries can be a real threat to the well being of your computer.
There can be many events which may have resulted in the system files errors. An incomplete installation, an incomplete uninstall, improper deletion of applications or hardware. It can also be caused if your computer is recovered from a virus or adware/spyware attack or by an improper shutdown of the computer. All the above actives may result in the deletion or corruption of the entries in the windows registry. This corrupted registry will lead to the missing and wrongly linked information and files needed for the proper working of the application.
How to easily fix (error 1802)?
There are two (2) ways to fix 1802 Error:
Advanced Computer User Solution (manual restore):
1) Start your computer and log on as an administrator.
2) Click the Start button then select All Programs, Accessories, System Tools, and then click System Restore.
3) In the new window, select "Restore my computer to an earlier time" option and then click Next.
4) Select the most recent system restore point from the "On this list, click a restore point" list, and then click Next.
5) Click Next on the confirmation window.
6) Restarts the computer when the restoration is finished.
Novice Computer User Solution (completely automated):
1) Download (Error 1802) repair utility.
2) Install program and click Scan button.
3) Click the Fix Errors button when scan is completed.
4) Restart your computer.
How does it work?
This tool will scan and diagnose, then repairs, your PC with patent pending technology that fix your system registry structure. with both manually and automatic tools.
basic features: (start-up customization , Troubleshooter Database , DLL Files Database, File Extension Database, live updates , system file checker, and more)


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2008 Models
GM Recalling 2008-2010 Saturn Outlooks
General Motors announced today it is recalling 1.18 million of its Lambda-based large crossover sport-utility vehicles, including: Saturn Outlooks from the 2008-2010 model years, Buick Enclaves and GMC Acadias from the 2008-2013 model years, and Chevrolet Traverses from the 2009-2013 model years.
Auto Rewind: Pre-Owned Saturn Outlook Review
From Auto123.com: Saturn's big family hauler hit the road for 2007, just a few years before the demise of the GM-owned brand. Packing room for up to eight, and riding the same platform as the Chevrolet Traverse and GMC Acadia, the Saturn Outlook packed standard V6 power, plenty of size, available AWD, and a long list of available feature content.
Saturn Outlooks Recalled Due to Faulty Heated Windshield Washer Fluid System, GM to Reimburse Owners for Removing Feature
General Motors is recalling 1.5 million 2007-09 model cars, trucks, and crossovers to disable a heated washer fluid system (HWFS) module that could pose a fire risk. Because the feature will be disabled, GM will make a voluntary payment of $100 to the owner or lessee of each vehicle. There are no known injuries or crashes related to the condition.
Just Bought My Sixth Saturn: a 2008 Astra XR3
I said in the past I wold not buy another, but I just went ahead and purchased my sixth Saturn: a new 2008 Astra 3 door XR with 8873 miles. It was never registered and I will be the first owner. Yes, it is 2010, but this car was priced right and I had to either replace my Ion or start putting money into it, as it is 6 years old and has 93 thousand miles. I was car shopping and found this treasure.
Paging Al Clapsaddle: Huge Incentives Help Build the Case for One Last Saturn Purchase
Unprecedented discounts on the last remaining Saturns present an enticing case to anyone in the market for a new car, especially if you're a Saturn owner. Al Clapsaddle, senior sales consultant at Saturn/West in Ohio, sent me an intriguing e-mail the other day detailing the laundry list of incentives available until November 30 — some of which are over and above those that were advertised nationally at the beginning of the month.
How To: Changing the Oil in a Saturn Outlook
Here is a step-by-step how-to guide that I put together after changing the oil in my 2009 Saturn Outlook with GM's 3.6L Direct Injection (DI) V6. The procedure should also work for anyone with who owns a GMC Acadia, Buick Enclave, and Chevrolet Traverse. This process worked for me, but I cannot accept any responsibility for the procedure or provide any guarantees.
The Last Saturn Sale
- Astra,
- Aura,
- Outlook,
- Sky,
- Vue,
- Cars,
- 2008 Models,
- 2009 Models,
- News Photos
GM Readies New Ads, Deep Discounts to Clear Remaining Saturn Inventory
- Astra,
- Aura,
- Outlook,
- Sky,
- Vue,
- Cars,
- Company,
- 2008 Models,
- 2009 Models,
- Saturn Closing
Automotive News reports that General Motors is preparing what will likely be one last Saturn advertising campaign in an effort to sell the brand's last remaining 9,400 2008 and 2009 models. Susan Docherty, GM's newly appointed vice president of U.S. sales, told the trade publication that "starting next week, we'll have a print campaign which features that product. In the next 90 days, we'll have cleaned up that inventory. I'm not worried about it at all."
2010 Saturn Vue: Dimensions
Random Article from the SaturnFans.com Archives
'08 Astra Opens a New Universe to Saturn
Jim Mateja from the Chicago Tribune reviews the 2008 Saturn Astra and talks about how a recent TV commercial for the brand effectively showed how the Astra signifies the culmination of Saturn's revitalization efforts. "A young man walks into a dealership, sees very attractive hardware, and with a quizzical look peeks back out the door to make sure the sign says Saturn," he wrote. |


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Program Details
PatientAssistance.com is glad to present this offer finding to you. You will find the program details located through the offer link below.
This Advair Diskus Coupon is accepted at Walmart, Walgreens, CVS, RiteAid and 59,000 other pharmacies nationwide. Average discounts are 55% off your prescription purchases. Advair Diskus Coupon discounts will vary by location, pharmacy, medication, and dosage.
How To Use
Simply print this page and bring to your local pharmacy. If you have any issues please have the pharmacist call 1-800-577-6484.


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Bitcoin ATM Largo - Coinhub
Coinhub Bitcoin ATM in Largo, FL
You can instantly buy bitcoin with cash at our Coinhub Bitcoin ATM near me in Largo, Florida. Coinhub offers $25,000 daily limits and lowest rates for Bitcoin. Bitcoin ATMs (Automated Teller Machines) are kiosks that allow users to buy Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies using cash. Bitcoin cash kiosks from Coinhub are a convenient and fast way to purchase Bitcoin and receive it in minutes directly into your wallet. Coinhub Bitcoin machines are easy to use and allow buying at our btc atm to be fast and instant. You can purchase Bitcoin instantly from a Coinhub Bitcoin Machine located near you and receive it in minutes. You can purchase Bitcoin in less than 2 minutes, and you don't need an account. To purchase Bitcoin, simply walk up to any Coinhub Bitcoin ATM and verify your details. Many Coinhub Bitcoin ATMs also allow you to both buy AND sell crypto for cash. The process of buying Bitcoin using one of our Bitcoin ATMs is as follows: First locate the closest Bitcoin ATM near you in your city by visiting our Coinhub Bitcoin ATM Locator. Enter your phone number and walk up to the machine. You will then verify your phone with a code and scan your bitcoin wallet. Enter bills one bill at a time for the amount you would like to purchase and confirm the bitcoin atm prior to purchase. The bitcoin is instantly sent to your wallet. The daily buying limit is $25,000. There are Bitcoin Machines located in major cities across the country. Visit a Coinhub Bitcoin ATM today.
This Coinhub Bitcoin ATM located inside of Shell Gas Station located at 1701 W Bay Dr, Largo, FL 33770, USA allows you to buy Bitcoin at the bitcoin machine and services within the following locations and nearby neighborhoods: Friends of Ridgecrest; Independence Square; Island Estate; Drew & Park Plaza; Pinebrook Estates; Coral Resort; Egret Woods.
Anona, Bel-Aire, Belle Oak Villas, Belmar Shore, Bonnie Glynn, Brentwood Estates, Brookside HOA, Clearwater Neighborhood, Country Haven, Crescent Heights, Del Oro Groves, Del Prado, Disston Heights, Drew & Park Plaza, Eagles Walk


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You are using an outdated browser. Upgrade your browser today for a better experience of this site and many others.
There are a number of procedures for filing your company's tax return and paying the tax due. We set out the basic elements here but at JWPCreers LLP, we can prepare the necessary returns and advise on the tax payments due for your company in the North Yorkshire area.
The key features are:
Every year, HMRC issues a notice to file to companies. In most cases, the return must be submitted to HMRC within 12 months of the end of the accounting period.
Companies must file their corporate return online. Their accounts and computations must also be filed in the correct format - inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL).
Unincorporated organisations and charities that don't need to prepare accounts under the Companies Act can choose to send their accounts in iXBRL or PDF format. However any computations must be sent in iXBRL format.
Penalties apply for late submission of the return of £100 if it is up to three months late and £200 if the return is over three months late. Additional tax geared penalties apply when the return is either six or twelve months late. These penalties are 10% of the outstanding tax due on those dates.
The return required by a Notice to file contains the company's self assessment, which is final subject to:
The company has a right to amend a return (for example changing a claim to capital allowances). The company has 12 months from the statutory filing date to amend the return.
HMRC have nine months from the date the return is filed to correct any 'obvious' errors in the return (for example an incorrect calculation). This process should be a fairly rare occurrence. In particular the correction of errors does not involve any judgement as to the accuracy of the figures in the return. This is dealt with under the enquiry regime.
Under CTSA, HMRC check returns and has an explicit right to enquire into the completeness and accuracy of any tax return. This right covers all enquiries, from straightforward requests for further information on individual items through to full reviews of a company's business including examination of the company's records.
The main features of the rules for enquiries under CTSA are:
HMRC have the power to make an assessment (a 'discovery assessment') if information comes to light after the end of the enquiry period indicating that the self assessment was inadequate as a result of fraudulent or negligent conduct, or of incomplete disclosure.
A company prepares accounts for the 12 months ended 31 May 2021 and submits the return by 31 December 2021. Key dates under CTSA are:
On 31 December 2022 the company tax position is finalised subject to HMRC's right to make a discovery assessment in some circumstances.
There is a single, fixed due date for payment of corporation tax, nine months and one day after the end of the accounting period (subject to the Quarterly Instalment Payment regime for large companies).
If the payment is late or is not correct, there will be late payment interest on tax paid late and repayment interest on overpayments of tax. These interest payments are tax deductible/taxable.
If a company pays tax before the due date, it receives credit interest on amounts paid early. Any interest received is chargeable to corporation tax.
If a close company makes a loan to a participator (for example most shareholders in unquoted companies), the company must make a payment to HMRC if the loan is not repaid within nine months of the end of the accounting period. The amount of the tax is 32.5% of the loan for loans made or benefits conferred.
Further rules prevent the avoidance of the charge by repaying the loan before the nine month date and then effectively withdrawing the same money shortly afterwards.
A '30 day rule' applies if at least £5,000 is repaid to the company and within 30 days new loans or advances of at least £5,000 are made to the shareholder. The old loan is effectively treated as if it has not been repaid. A further rule stops the tax charge being avoided by waiting 31 days before the company advances further funds to the shareholder. This is a complex area so please do get in touch if this is an issue for you and your company.
This tax is included within the CTSA system and the company must report loans outstanding to participators in the tax return.
If your company in the North Yorkshire area do not hesitate to contact us at JWPCreers LLP if you require any further information about Corporation Tax Self Assessment.


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ATTIC is a search and discovery engine that helps you find furniture, home decor and fashion products from small, independent stores, dealers and makers. Our core service is free for all to use. We may earn a commission when you buy through links on our site. Learn more about ATTIC
Pleasures Now Double Sided Fleece Lined Streetwear Hoodie Sweatshirt Medium EUC
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Laveen, AZ
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Locale-Maketext 1.33 Latest
Kwalitee Issues
- use_strict
Add 'use strict' (or its equivalents) to all modules, or convince us that your favorite module is well-known enough and people can easily see the modules are strictly written.
Error: Locale::Maketext::Guts, Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader
- meta_yml_declares_perl_version
If you are using Build.PL define the {requires}{perl} = VERSION field. If you are using MakeMaker (Makefile.PL) you should upgrade ExtUtils::MakeMaker to 6.48 and use MIN_PERL_VERSION parameter. Perl::MinimumVersion can help you determine which version of Perl your module needs.
- use_warnings
Add 'use warnings' (or its equivalents) to all modules, or convince us that your favorite module is well-known enough and people can easily see the modules warn when something bad happens.
Error: Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::Guts, Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader
- consistent_version
Split the distribution, or fix the version numbers to make them consistent (use the highest version number to avoid version downgrade).
Error: 1.20,1.33
- meta_yml_has_provides
Add all modules contained in this distribution to the META.yml field 'provides'. Module::Build or Dist::Zilla::Plugin::MetaProvides do this automatically for you.
- has_separate_license_file
This is not a critical issue. Currently mainly informative for the CPANTS authors. It might be removed later.


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Recovering From Surgery/Intensive Care
Once surgery has been completed, you are brought to the recovery room. This also may be called the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). In the recovery room, clinical staff will closely monitor you as you recover from anesthesia. The length of time spent in recovery depends on the type of surgery performed and the condition of the individual patient. While a patient is in recovery, the clinical staff may do the following:
Monitor vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse, and breathing
Monitor for any signs of complications
Take the patient's temperature
Check for swallowing or gagging
Monitor the patient's level of consciousness
Check any lines, tubes, or drains
Check the wound
Check intravenous infusions
Monitor the patient's urine output
Maintain the patient's comfort with pain medicine and body positioning
A patient can aid the speed of recovery by doing certain breathing and moving exercises in the recovery room. The clinical staff will instruct and assist you in trying the following:
Deep breaths. Lying flat for an extended period of time can cause fluids to accumulate in the lungs. Taking deep breaths using the entire diaphragm and belly can prevent pneumonia from developing.
Coughing. Coughing helps remove chest secretions. This is another way to prevent pneumonia.
Turning. Changing positions while in the recovery bed helps stimulate circulation and deeper breathing and relieves pressure areas.
Foot and leg exercises. Moving the legs and feet stimulates circulation. Depending on the type of surgery, patients are encouraged to bend the knee and raise the foot several times, to "bicycle" and to draw circles with their great toes. You may be asked to wear special elastic stockings to stimulate circulation.
What is intensive care?
Sometimes a patient is transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for further, close monitoring. Intensive care is most often needed for patients on mechanical ventilation, for patients recovering from heart attacks or major surgery, for patients in shock, and for patients with acute renal failure. In intensive care, clinical staff closely watch the patient minute-by-minute.


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CloneDVD 2 copies movies in unparalleled picture quality. If it's only the main movie or a complete DVD - CloneDVD compresses even long footage in brilliant quality and at high speed: A special transcoding technology compresses your choice of DVD titles according to your audio and language selection automatically to a freely adjustable target size.
Our unique Film Strip assistant will guide you step by step through all settings. With the help of the Video Preview you select the desired DVD titles and decide if you want to trim individual chapters. Quality bars show the direct influence of the title and language selection on the quality of the movie copy. Even beginners always keep track. Copy protected movie DVDs can only be copied with AnyDVD.
- Copies the main movie, special features and/or the original menu onto DVD recordable media or your hard-disk
- Newly improved transcoder: Better picture quality at high reduction rates (footage of more than two hours)
- Impressive speed at high reduction rates
- Video Preview shows an overview of all selectable DVD titles
- Include or exclude the original menu
- Visual quality control through quality bars during the title and language selection
- Target size freely adjustable
- Chapter trimming/splitting available
This download is for a 21 day trial.


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Test Report: Control4 HC-250 Controller
Control. Having personally installed hundreds of systems in people's homes, I can definitively say that at the end of the day, that's what it all boils down to. It doesn't matter if we're talking about a system for a dedicated theater, a bedroom, or even a simple home theater in a box. Having the ability to easily control that system is what sets the good apart from the bad.
It has been more than 7 years since I last reviewed a Control4 product for S+V. Over that time, the company has steadily developed, built upon, and improved its lineup. It has also advanced from an industry newcomer to an automation powerhouse.
However, the control market has no shortage of players, and many options cost far less than Control4's $599 HC-250 controller — which, it's important to note, does not come with an actual, physical remote control. So why would you consider dropping the equivalent of what you'd pay for a decent mid-level A/V receiver on a control system when you could spend so much less on something else?
Because it all comes back to control. Control over your A/V system, of course, but also over your lighting, HVAC, security, pool, irrigation, surveillance, and much more. And in my opinion, the HC-250 offers more control capabilities than just about any other product anywhere near its price point.
To let me fully experience what its system has to offer, Control4 sent me a variety of components. Besides the HC-250, I received the company's more powerful HC-800, a SR-250 handheld controller, and two 7-inch portable touchscreen remotes. I also received a control site and intercom license (more on those in a bit).
The big news about Control4's new controllers is twofold. First, it added HDMI outputs. With component- video connections going the way of the dodo, the move to HDMI was a needed switch that also simplifies A/V connections. (The resolution of the user interface is still limited to 720/480p, however.) Both the HC-250 and HC-800 also provide component-video outputs to support older sets, but neither includes composite-video jacks. Second, the new controllers have been given a hefty steroid injection in processor power. The HC- 250 packs a 1-GHz processor — nearly 4.5 times more robust than the company's previous HC-300. And the 1.8-GHz dual-core processor that the HC-800 rocks is 10 times more powerful than the HC-300. This means that systems run with a lot more zip and can carry out multiple tasks simultaneously without bogging down. It also means that the HC-250 is capable of being far more than just a "smart remote control."
The HC-250 is geared toward smaller systems or sub-zone areas in a Control4 project that still require an onscreen control graphical user interface. I installed it in my bedroom. It's clear that a lot of thought went into the HC-250's physical design; the svelte shape allows it to be slipped discreetly behind many wall-mounted flat-panel TVs. That's exactly what I did with mine. (A mounting plate is included, but it could also sit discreetly on a shelf.) With careful layout, I managed to conceal the HC-250 behind my Samsung 46- inch LED TV alongside a Dish Network Joey receiver and a Kaleidescape M-300 player. The result: a full-blown bedroom system with only the display visible.


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Lactic Acid Fermentation in Sourdough
A few years ago, I was asked to explain lactic acid fermentation in sourdough, and the difference between homo- and heterofermentation. Not an easy task, partly because I wasn't satisfied that I knew enough, or that I could reconcile what I was reading in bread-baking books with what I had learned in school. To sort it out, I had to dig deeper into the scientific literature. Answers are there in bits and pieces, although not in a context that is easy to make sense of. As I plugged away at deciphering current microbiology textbooks and scientific research, I started to see things in a new light. And so now, I want to share what I've learned with those who wish to know more.
First, I'd like to introduce the concept of a metabolic pathway. On paper, a metabolic pathway can be illustrated in a flow diagram that represents a sequence of enzyme-controlled chemical transformations. While the pathways in this discussion start with sugar and finish as various end-products, there are several intermediate compounds formed along the way as one thing is converted to the next. The names may be intimidating at first glance, but don't let them scare you. Knowing their chemical reactions and what all the compounds are is not as important here as understanding their overall purpose, which is to produce energy for the organism. Like all living things, microbes need energy to perform the tasks that enable them to live, grow and multiply.
Some pathways generate more energy than others. Through respiration, glucose and oxygen are turned into carbon dioxide and water via the Krebs cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid or TCA cycle. You may have seen it before if you've studied biology, because it's the same pathway we humans use. It is aerobic, meaning that oxygen (O2) is involved, and it generates far more energy than any fermentation pathway. Whenever oxygen is available, respiration is favored by facultative anaerobes like yeasts, because they will always take the path that generates the most energy under the prevailing conditions. For the most part though, bread dough is anaerobic (without oxygen), and fermentation is an alternative pathway that doesn't require oxygen. When yeasts ferment sugars, they produce alcohol (ethanol) in addition to carbon dioxide. Fermentation produces much less energy than respiration, but it allows microorganisms to carry on when no oxygen is available, or they lack the ability to respire as is the case with lactobacilli.
Bacterial fermentation is more varied than fermentation by yeast. Bacteria produce organic acids that contribute, for good and bad, to the quality of bread. Controlling acid balance and degree of sourness is something that artisan bakers strive to do, so it may be useful to understand where the acids come from and how their production can be influenced by things that are within the baker's control. In yeasted breads, acids come in small doses from naturally occurring bacteria present in flour and commercial yeast. (Fresh yeast generally has more bacterial inhabitants than dried, and whole grain flours more than refined.) In sourdough breads, acid-producing bacteria are supplied in much greater numbers from starter. There are many different species and strains of bacteria found in various types of starters, and because they produce lactic acid while fermenting sugar, they fall under the heading of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB).
Lactic acid bacteria common to sourdoughs include members of Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Weissella and other genera. But by far, the most prevalent species belong to the very large and diverse genus, Lactobacillus. Based upon how they ferment sugars, lactic acid bacteria can be sorted into three categories. Please bear with me now, because while these terms may look impossibly long and technical, they are actually self-descriptive. Take homofermentative LAB for example. Homo-, meaning "all the same," refers to the end product of fermentation (by lactic acid bacteria), which is only, or "all" lactic acid. Heterofermentative then, means "different" or mixed end products. As lactic acid bacteria, heterofermentative LAB produce lactic acid, but they also produce carbon dioxide gas, alcohol or acetic acid as well.
As carbo-hydrates, sugars are made up of carbon (C) and water, which is composed of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). The hydrogen and oxygen atoms are arranged in various configurations around a chain of carbon atoms which form the structural backbone of the molecule. The carbon chain may be various lengths, but sugars common in bread fermentations are of the 5- and 6-carbon types, referred to generically as pentoses and hexoses, respectively. Glucose and fructose are examples of hexoses. Pentoses are sugars such as arabinose and xylose.
Glucose Fructose Arabinose XylosePentoses and hexoses can exist in the chain form, or in a ring structure which forms when dissolved in water. Single sugars, or monosaccharides, are often linked together into larger carbohydrates of two or more units. Disaccharides, containing two sugars, are important in bread fermentations. Maltose, which is made up of two glucose molecules, is the free-form sugar most abundant in dough. Sucrose, another disaccharide consists of one glucose and one fructose.
Glucose Maltose
Fructose Sucrose
-Sugars illustrated by Antonio Zamora. For a more complete explanation, with diagrams of starches and pentosans, please see his lesson, "Carbohydrates - Chemical Structure" at: http://www.scientificpsychic.com/fitness/carbohydrates.html
Sugars that can be fermented, and their end-products are variable from one species of LAB to the next. But the key lies in the structure of the sugar---particularly, the number of carbon atoms in the backbone of the molecule. Homofermentative LAB can only ferment 6-carbon sugars. In the homofermentative pathway, a hexose is processed and split into two identical 3-carbon pieces, which are passed down through the reaction sequence and transformed into lactic acid molecules. In contrast, heterolactic fermentation is based on 5-carbon sugars. Pentoses may be used directly, although more often, a hexose is cut down by removing one of its carbons. The extra carbon is cast off in the form of carbon dioxide gas, and the remaining 5-carbon molecule is split unequally into 3- and 2-carbon units. The 3-carbon piece is turned into lactic acid, while the 2-carbon piece will become either ethanol or acetic acid. Up to this point, heterolactic fermentation doesn't produce as much energy as homolactic, but it does give an advantage over homofermentative LAB, which cannot utilize pentose sugars.
Additional energy can be produced by turning the 2-carbon piece into acetic acid, but it requires the assistance of another substance. The term for this is co-metabolism, meaning that two substrates are used simultaneously---a hexose for its carbon backbone, and a co-substrate to facilitate the formation of acetic acid and generation of additional energy. The co-substrate can be one of a number of things including oxygen, citrate, malate, short chain aldehydes, oxidized glutathione, fructose and 5-carbon sugars. In the absence of co-substrates, the 2-carbon piece is turned to ethanol instead. Alternatively, when pentose sugars are fermented (used as the carbon source), acetic acid may be produced without the help of co-substrates.
Some lactobacilli can use oxygen as a co-substrate. Some cannot, and are inhibited by aerobic conditions. In any case, there is a small amount of oxygen in dough only at the beginning of fermentation, and generally not enough to affect acetic acid production to any extent. Likewise, citrate and malate aren't naturally present in significant amounts, and pentose utilization varies by species and strain as well as availability. While all these things may be used to the extent that they are present, it turns out that fructose is generally the one most available in bread dough.
All of the pathways in this discussion are glycolytic pathways. Glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, which is the springboard to both respiration and alcohol fermentation in yeast, to lactic acid fermentation in LAB, and to many biosynthetic pathways (manufacture of compounds used in other life processes). Oxygen is not required, so glycolysis is especially important to microorganisms that ferment sugars, like the yeast and bacteria which grow in the anaerobic environment of sourdough.
Homofermentative lactobacilli share the same glycolytic pathway with yeasts---the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, or EMP pathway. But in contrast to alcohol fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid. In either of the two pathways here, the sugars are split into smaller molecules---two identical 3-carbon units (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) in the EMP pathway, or a 3- and a 2-carbon unit in the heterofermentative pathway. The 3-carbon pieces all follow the same path to become pyruvate and then lactic acid, while the 2-carbon acetyl-phosphate on the other side of the heterofermentative pathway can become either ethanol or acetic acid.
Glucose is not the only sugar that can be utilized. With appropriate enzyme systems, other sugars can be converted into glucose or one of the intermediates in the pathway such as glucose-6-phosphate (or in the case of pentose sugars, ribulose-5-phosphate). The ability to use other sugars varies by species and strain. Most sourdough lactic acid bacteria ferment glucose preferentially, but Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis separates maltose into a glucose-1-phosphate and a glucose. The glucose-1-phosphate portion is converted to glucose-6-phosphate to enter the heterofermentative pathway, and glucose is excreted from the cell.
In addition to obligately hetero- and homofermentive, there is a third type of lactobacilli characterized as facultatively heterofermentive. These are lactobacilli that are not restricted to one pathway or the other, but can use both. Facultative heterofermenters switch back and forth between the homo- and heterofermentative pathways depending upon which sugars are available. In general, they ferment hexoses via the homofermentive route, and pentoses heterofermentively. Most will use the hexose sugars first, although some strains ferment pentoses preferentially. Many co-metabolize fructose with maltose through the heterofermentative pathway, but use the homofermentative pathway when only maltose is available.
To put all this technical information to practical use, we need to consider factors that influence LAB activity and pathway selection. The end products are determined by the species and available sugars, which for lean doughs, depend upon the flour and the activity of enzymes. Whole grain and high extraction flours can affect acidification in two ways. First, the higher mineral (ash) content serves as a natural buffer system, which allows bacteria to produce more acid before the pH drops low enough to slow their growth. And second, grains supply pentose sugars in the form of pentosans. Although rye flours are best-known for these, pentosans are also present in wheat and other grains. (But, because they occur in the outer layers of the kernel, they are largely removed along with enzymes and many other substances in the milling of refined flours.) Cereal enzymes act on pentosans to some degree, freeing pentose sugars like xylose and arabinose that heterofermenters may be able to use according to species and strain. Pentoses will increase acetic acid production if they can be fermented or co-metabolized, either one.
Acidification is also influenced by hydration and temperature. Contrary to popular belief, all three groups of sourdough lactobacilli prefer wetter doughs a bit on the warm side, many growing fastest at about 90ºF or a little higher. For the homofermentive species producing only lactic acid, increasing activity by raising the hydration and/or temperature will increase acid production. Decreasing activity by reducing hydration or by retarding will slow production. There is a direct relationship between activity and lactic acid. During heterofermentation, for each molecule of glucose consumed, one lactic acid is produced, along with one carbon dioxide (if a hexose is fermented), and either one ethanol or one acetic acid. But under wetter, warmer conditions, where sugars are metabolized more rapidly, the tendency is toward lactic acid and alcohol production in obligate heterofermenters, and all lactic acid (homofermentation) in the facultative heterofermenters. Lactic acid production is directly related to activity during heterofermentation just as in homofermentation, even if only half the rate.
At lower hydrations and temperatures (lower activity), more acetic acid is produced, but not because of temperature per se. Acetic acid production is influenced indirectly by temperature, in that it affects the kinds of sugars available. The fructose that drives acetic acid production, is liberated from fructose-containing substances in flour, largely through the enzyme activity of yeast. And, because lower temperatures are more suited to yeast growth than higher, more fructose is made available to the bacteria at lower temperatures. At the same time, the bacteria are growing and using maltose more slowly, so the demand for co-substrates goes down as the fructose supply goes up. The ratio of acetic acid to ethanol and lactic acid goes up, because a higher percentage of the maltose is being co-metabolized with fructose. Reducing hydration has a similar effect of slowing the bacteria more than yeast, which I believe is the real basis for increased acetic acid production in lean breads made with refined flours.
Contrary to myth, the species that grow in sourdough starters are not tied to geographic location, but rather to the traditional practices in the different regions. Several organisms go into the mix, but the environment created inside the starter from the combination of flour, temperature and maintenance routines is what determines which ones will thrive. In type I, or traditional sourdoughs (i.e., those maintained by continuous refreshment at room temperature), the obligately heterofermentive Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis is the species most frequently and consistently found---not just in San Francisco where it was first discovered, but all around the world. And so it deserves special attention.
Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis is fairly unique among the obligately heterofermentive lactobacilli, in that it ferments no pentose sugars. And unusual among lactic acid bacteria in general, because it prefers maltose over glucose. But it will co-metabolize fructose with maltose to produce acetic acid. L. sanfranciscensis converts maltose into one glucose-6-phosphate which enters the heterofermentative pathway, and a glucose which is excreted back into its surroundings. This is a good arrangement for common sourdough yeasts, since maltose is the most abundant sugar in wheat doughs, and some lack the ability to break it down for themselves. Yeasts and other bacteria that can ferment maltose, generally prefer glucose. And so by providing glucose to competing organisms, L. sanfranciscensis actually helps to conserve the maltose for itself---just one of the ways in which it gets along well with other sourdough microorganisms, and perhaps one of the reasons it is found so often.
Alternate pathways are a recurring theme in the microbial world, because microorganisms have less ability to control their environment or to leave when conditions become difficult. They sometimes have to switch gears to survive. In that effort, lactic acid bacteria will utilize whichever fermentation pathway that generates the most energy within their capabilities and resources. In order of preference, the hierarchy seems to be heterofermentation with co-substrates (forming lactic acid and acetic acid), followed by homofermentation (all lactic acid) and heterofermentation without co-substrates (lactic acid and ethanol).
While traditional sourdough starters usually support one or more strains of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis, it is often found in combination with the facultatively heterofermentive Lactobacillus plantarum, many strains of which can either ferment or co-metabolize at least one pentose sugar. Various other obligate and facultatively heterolactic acid bacteria are also common (obligately homofermentive LAB are only transient in the startup process and do not persist in established type I starters). Sourdough starters are sensitive ecosystems with complex associations of lactic acid bacteria, and combinations can be highly variable from one starter to the next. Lactic acid fermentation is as complex and varied as the organisms involved, and so sourdough processes may need to be optimized on a starter by starter basis.
- Debra Wink
Arendt, Elke K., Liam A.M. Ryan, and Fabio Dal Bello. 2007. Impact of sourdough on the texture of bread. Food Microbiology 24: 165-174.
De Vuyst, Luc and Marc Vancanneyt. 2007. Biodiversity and identification of sourdough lactic acid bacteria. Food Microbiology 24:120-127.
Doyle, Michael P., Larry R. Beuchat, and Thomas J. Montville. 2001. Microbial physiology and metabolism, p. 19-22; Lactose metabolism, p. 653-655. Food Microbiology Fundamentals and Frontiers, 2nd ed. American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington, DC.
Gänzle, Michael G., Michaela Ehmann, and Walter P. Hammes. 1998. Modeling of growth of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Candida milleri in response to process parameters of sourdough fermentation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64:2616-2623.
Gänzle, Michael G., Nicoline Vermeulen, Rudi F. Vogel. 2007. Carbohydrate, peptide and lipid metabolism of lactic acid bacteria in sourdough. Food Microbiology 24:128-138.
Gobbetti, M., P. Lavermicocca, F. Minervini, M. De Angelis, and A. Corsetti. 2000. Arabinose fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum in sourdough with added pentosans and "alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase: a tool to increase the production of acetic acid. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88:317-324.
Holt, John G., Noel R. Krieg, Peter H. A. Sneath, James T. Staley, and Stanley T. Williams. 2000. Regular, nonsporing gram-positive rods, p. 566. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
Katina, Kati. 2005. Sourdough: a tool for the improved flavour, texture and shelf-life of wheat bread. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.
Ng, Henry. 1972. Factors affecting organic acid production by sourdough (San Francisco) bacteria. Applied Microbiology 23:1153-1159.
Paramithiotis, Spiros, Aggeliki Sofou, Effie Tsakalidou, and George Kalantzopoulos. 2007. Flour carbohydrate catabolism and metabolite production by sourdough lactic acid bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:1417-1423.
Wing, Daniel, and Alan Scott. 1999. Baker's Resource: Sourdough Microbiology, p. 230. The Bread Builders. Chelsea Green Publishing Company, White River Junction, VT.
This article was first published in Bread Lines, a publication of The Bread Bakers Guild of America. Vol. 15, Issue 4, Dec. 2007.
Revised: November 4, 2009


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They are "severely functionally impaired." And they are among the highest-dollar offenders under watch at the Department of Corrections.
The cost to house these troubled, often aggressive convicts in community placements outside prison walls has vexed budget writers for years. The price tag for a single offender can exceed $500,000 annually. And while the six-figure expenditures are relatively rare, they have become budget-busters at an Agency of Human Services beset by fiscal pressures elsewhere.
Recently, however, Human Services Secretary Doug Racine neutralized the problem by instituting a moratorium on the high-cost placements that had previously been deemed a necessary component of the rehabilitative process.
"I think we can provide better services for that population while they're in the (correctional) facilities," he said. "And I think we can make better connections with service providers when they leave the facilities."
Racine said the decision isn't merely clinical. "With $500,000, I can buy a lot of child care subsidies for a lot of low-income families," he said last week.
But critics of the policy change say the decision will only exacerbate the public safety risks posed by people who fail sometimes even to understand the wrongness of their criminal behavior.
The intensive intervention that had been accorded these high-need individuals, according to Robert Appel, former head of the Vermont Human Rights Commission, is admittedly expensive.
"But the alternative is simply releasing people after they've spent a considerable amount of time in an institution where their primary mental health needs are not being met," said Appel, now a private-practice lawyer who continues to advocate for the severely functionally impaired or SFI population.
"You put someone back out in the community with untreated needs, and the likely result is a return to prison, probably after some injury to the public."
The SFI designation — created by the Legislature as a means of classifying special-needs inmates suffering from everything from traumatic brain injury to acute mental illness — accords modified treatment standards for a population that tends to be at a higher risk either of victimizing others, or falling prey themselves.
At any given time, they account for about 5 percent of the state's approximately 2,200-person prison population. And it's a smaller subset of the SFI population — 10 to 20 people, as inmate loads ebb and flow — around which the controversy centers.
Vermont's progressive corrections policies rely on "intermediate sanctions" — supervised community release — to assimilate convicts back into society.
High-needs SFI offenders, however, are a group for whom conventional transitional placements have proven difficult. Addressing their clinical and security needs has in some cases required multiple round-the-clock employees for a single offender, not to mention the overhead for the residential homes in which the convict and his stewards are housed.
"I had contracts coming across my desk for $200,000 and $300,000, and there's no place in the budget for this population," Racine said.
After his agency was forced to request a $2.5 million budget adjustment late last year solely for unanticipated SFI-related costs, Racine decided enough was enough.
"So what we have done as an agency is said we are not going to provide that," he said. "If somebody is coming out of corrections with an SFI designation, or not, and reaches their minimum, and the only way services can be provided in the community is if we have to have two-on-one or three-on-one supervision, then we're saying if there's that much of risk, they should stay in Corrections."
Julie Tessler, executive director of the Vermont Council of Developmental and Mental Health Services, said the agency's financial decision won't be without cost.
The transitional services are administered to SFI inmates after they've served their minimum jail terms but before they've hit their maximums. The threat of return to jail, Tessler said, is often the only leverage for good behavior and participation in treatment programs.
Once they're in the high-intensity placements, she said, offenders often make tremendous strides they wouldn't have otherwise. And she said they almost always consent to continued high-level treatment even after they've maxed out, and are no longer under the judicial imperative to do so.
Tessler said the kinds of treatment and supports provided in those high-intensity settings is unlike anything the Department of Corrections could hope to administer inside a prison.
"So if you let someone max out, and they pose an ongoing threat to public safety, and are unwilling to participate in treatment, then there's nothing anybody can do, and it means there's a potential for someone being hurt," she said.
"A number of these people have histories of violence, of sex offenses — some people it's both," Tessler said. "It's not just about the safety of the person, it's about the safety of Vermonters they may be around."
Corrections Commissioner Andy Pallito said he hasn't seen any empirical evidence to suggest that offenders who receive high-level transitional treatment enjoy better outcomes than those who max out inside prison.
He also said he's not convinced that members of the high-needs SFI population always merit the "high risk" tag that's been attached to them.
Pallito said these are offenders of sound enough mind to have been deemed mentally competent to stand trial for whatever crimes they were convicted of. If they can't maintain the behavioral standards needed to participate in more conventional transitional settings, he said, then why should taxpayers foot the hundreds of thousands of dollars for specialized round-the-clock oversight?
Pallito said if they are high risk inmates, then the department ought to treat them as it does other offenders in that category — keep them in jail.
"If they were at high risk, we wouldn't make a decision to release someone on furlough," he said. "We would have made a decision to keep them in jail."
Appel, Tessler and others say a study, commissioned by the Legislature last year, proves that conventional correctional settings aren't suitable environments for many SFI offenders.
A survey of slightly more than half of the SFI population, conducted by the recently departed director of the Vermont State Hospital, found that at least 14 belonged in a secure psychiatric hospital.
Lawmakers are poised to pass another study bill this year, this one establishing a legislative committee to further examine the SFI dilemma this summer.
If lawmakers do try to legislate policy from the Statehouse, then Racine said the solution needs to honor the complexity of the problem, and the severity of its financial impacts.
"If you want to change policy, then be explicit about it, define it," he said. "And if you want to spend more money, then you need to find that money somewhere in the budget."


text:
It's the last day of January and though nobody told Mama Nature, springtime is supposedly on its way.
One of the biggest trends for this season is the printed dress. I really love this piece because it's beautifully feminine and is actually quite versatile. Layer it over a thin knit or under a slim-fit cardigan until it warms up (because it will warm up, it WILL) and wear under a tuxedo jacket or blazer for evening time shenanigans.
There are lots of versions to choose from - floral, girly, tribal and oriental, monochrome and animal. And we've picked our favourites for you to try on in our virtual changing rooms.
- Floral
- Girly
- Tribal and Oriental
- Monochrome
- Animal
Do you love this season's key trend as much as us? Will you inviting a printed dress into your wardrobe? And do you like any of our picks?


text:
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The following is a partial list of User Content that is prohibited on the TheJobNetwork Sites. The list below is for illustration only and is not a complete list of all prohibited User Content.
Content that:
· is implicitly or explicitly offensive, such as User Content that engages in, endorses or promotes racism, bigotry, discrimination, hatred or physical harm of any kind against any group or individual;
· harasses, incites harassment or advocates harassment of any group or individual;
· involves the transmission of "junk mail", "chain letters," or unsolicited mass mailing or "spamming";
· promotes or endorses false or misleading information or illegal activities or conduct that is abusive, threatening, obscene, defamatory or libelous;
· promotes or endorses an illegal or unauthorized copy of another person's copyrighted work, such as providing or making available pirated computer programs or links to them, providing or making available information to circumvent manufacture-installed copy-protect devices, or providing or making available pirated music or other media or links to pirated music or other media files;
· contains restricted or password only access pages, or hidden pages or images;
· displays or links to pornographic, indecent or sexually explicit material of any kind;
· provides or links to material that exploits people under the age of 18 in a sexual, violent or other manner, or solicits personal information from anyone under 18; or
· provides instructional information about illegal activities or other activities prohibited by these Terms, including without limitation, making or buying illegal weapons, violating someone's privacy, providing or creating computer viruses or pirating any media;
· solicits passwords or personal identifying information from other Users.
· It is also a violation of the Terms, to include in any User Content submitted to TheJobNetwork Communities information that may be interpreted as direct solicitation, advertisement or recruitment for an available job position directed to individuals seeking employment on either a full time or part time basis.
Any Profile you submit must describe you, an individual person. Examples of inappropriate and prohibited Profiles include, but are not limited to, Profiles that purport to represent an animal, place, inanimate object, fictional character, or real individual that is not you. You may not include in your Profile any telephone numbers, street addresses, email addresses or other means of contacting you, other than your last name and URLs.
In order to protect our TheJobNetwork Community Users from commercial advertising or solicitation, PandoLogic reserves the right to restrict the number of e-mails which a User may send to other Users to a number which PandoLogic deems appropriate in its sole discretion.
If notified by a User of User Content or other materials which allegedly do not conform to these Terms, PandoLogic may in its sole discretion investigate the allegation and determine whether to take any other actions whether to remove or request the removal of the User Content. PandoLogic has no liability or responsibility to Users for performance or nonperformance of such activities.
We appreciate hearing from our Users and welcome your comments regarding our services and the TheJobNetwork Sites. Please be advised, however, that our policy does not permit us to accept or consider creative ideas, suggestions, inventions or materials other than those that we have specifically requested. While we do value your feedback on our services, please be specific in your comments regarding our services and do not submit creative ideas, inventions, suggestions, or materials. If, despite our request, you send us creative suggestions, ideas, drawings, concepts, inventions, or other information (collectively the "Submission"), the Submission shall be the property of PandoLogic. None of the Submission shall be subject to any obligation of confidentiality on our part and we shall not be liable for any use or disclosure of any Submission. PandoLogic shall own exclusively all now known or later discovered rights to the Submission and shall be entitled to unrestricted use of the Submission for any purpose whatsoever, commercial or otherwise, without compensation to you or any other person.
Registration and Password
You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your employer account, Profile and passwords, as applicable. You may not share your password or other account access information with any other party, temporarily or permanently, and you shall be responsible for all uses of your TheJobNetwork Site registrations and passwords, whether or not authorized by you. You agree to immediately notify PandoLogic of any unauthorized use of your employer account, Profile, passwords or passwords, as the case may be.
Notification of Claimed Copyright or Trademark Infringement
If you believe that your copyrighted work or trademark has been uploaded, posted or copied to any TheJobNetwork Site and is accessible on such TheJobNetwork Site in a way that constitutes copyright or trademark infringement, please send a written communication to us with all of the following information:
· Include a statement to identify the content that you believe is infringing your copyright, and the country in which your copyright is applicable. Please include a link to the infringing content.
· Explain to us the nature of infringement. Identify the type and details of the copyright work which you own the rights in, and which you believe has been infringed.
· Please provide contact information so that we can get in touch with you (email address is preferred).
· Include the following statement: "I have a good faith belief that use of the copyrighted work described above is not authorized by the copyright owner (or by a third party who is legally entitled to do so on behalf of the copyright owner) and is not otherwise permitted by law. I certify that the information contained in this notification is accurate and that I am the copyright owner or have an exclusive right in law to bring infringement proceedings with respect to its use."
· Sign the notice. If you are providing notice by e-mail, a scanned physical signature or a valid electronic signature will be accepted.
We have a team available to receive notices of claims of copyright or trademark infringement or other nonconformance to these Terms on the TheJobNetwork Sites. You can contact them as follows:
Privacy Contact Form: http://community.thejobnetwork.com/privacy-contact/.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Contact details:
750 Lexington Ave., 6th Floor, New York, NY 10022
(212) 419-4649
Policy Regarding Termination of Users Who Repeatedly Infringe the Copyright Or Other Intellectual Property Rights of Others
PandoLogic and all of its affiliated companies respect the intellectual property of others, and we ask our Users and content partners to do the same. The unauthorized posting, reproduction, copying, distribution, modification, public display or public performance of copyrighted works constitutes infringement of the copyright owner's rights. As a condition to your use of the TheJobNetwork Sites, you agree not to use any TheJobNetwork Site to infringe the intellectual property rights of others in any way. We will terminate the accounts of any the TheJobNetwork Sites Users, and block access to the TheJobNetwork Sites of any Users who are repeat infringers of the copyrights, or other intellectual property rights, of others. We reserve the right to take these actions at any time, in our sole discretion, with or without notice, and without any liability to the User who is terminated or to the User whose access is blocked.
TheJobNetwork's Liability
The TheJobNetwork Sites act as a venue for employers to post job opportunities and candidates to post profiles and resumes and does not screen or censor the listings, including Profiles offered. PandoLogic is not involved in the actual transaction between employers and candidates. As a result, PandoLogic has no control over User Content, the quality, safety or legality of the jobs or resumes posted, the truth or accuracy of the listings, the ability of employers to offer job opportunities to candidates or the ability of candidates to fill job openings and PandoLogic makes no representations about any jobs, resumes or User Content on the TheJobNetwork Sites. PandoLogic may take any action with respect to User Content that it deems necessary or appropriate in its sole discretion if it believes that such User Content could create liability for PandoLogic, damage PandoLogic's brand or public image, or cause PandoLogic to lose (in whole or in part) the services of its ISPs or other suppliers. While PandoLogic reserves the right in its sole discretion to remove User Content, job postings, resumes or other material from the TheJobNetwork Sites from time to time, PandoLogic does not assume any obligation to do so and disclaims any liability for failing to take any such action.
The TheJobNetwork Communities provide a venue for individuals to network for professional purposes and PandoLogic does not screen or censor the Profiles or User Content on the TheJobNetwork Sites. PandoLogic is not involved in the actual communications between TheJobNetwork Community Users. As a result, PandoLogic has no control over the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or timeliness of the Profiles or User Content submitted on the TheJobNetwork Sites and makes no representations about any Profile or User Content on the TheJobNetwork Sites.
In addition, note that there are risks, including but not limited to the risk of physical harm, of dealing with strangers, foreign nationals, underage persons or people acting under false pretenses. You assume all risks associated with dealing with other Users with whom you come in contact through the TheJobNetwork Sites. By its very nature, other people's information may be offensive, harmful or inaccurate, and in some cases will be mislabeled or deceptively labeled. We expect that you will use caution and common sense when using the TheJobNetwork Sites.
Because User authentication on the Internet is difficult, PandoLogic cannot and does not confirm that each User is who they claim to be. Because we do not and cannot be involved in User-to-User dealings or control the behavior of participants on any TheJobNetwork Site, in the event that you have a dispute with one or more Users, you release PandoLogic (and our agents and employees) from claims, demands and damages (actual and consequential and direct and indirect) of every kind and nature, known and unknown, suspected and unsuspected, disclosed and undisclosed, arising out of or in any way connected with such disputes.
If you are a California resident, you waive California Civil Code Section 1542, which says: "A general release does not extend to claims which the creditor does not know or suspect to exist in his or her favor at the time of executing the release, which if known by him or her must have materially affected his or her settlement with the debtor."
The TheJobNetwork Sites and the TheJobNetwork Content may contain inaccuracies or typographical errors. PandoLogic makes no representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or timeliness of any TheJobNetwork Site or the TheJobNetwork Content. The use of all TheJobNetwork Sites and the TheJobNetwork Content is at your own risk. Changes are periodically made to TheJobNetwork Sites and may be made at any time. You acknowledge and agree that you are solely responsible for the form, content and accuracy of any resume or material contained therein placed by you on the TheJobNetwork Sites. Employers are solely responsible for their postings on TheJobNetwork Sites. PandoLogic is not to be considered to be an employer with respect to your use of any TheJobNetwork Site and PandoLogic shall not be responsible for any employment decisions, for whatever reason, made by any entity posting jobs on any TheJobNetwork Site.
PandoLogic cannot guarantee and does not promise any specific results from use of the TheJobNetwork Sites. No advice or information, whether oral or written, obtained by a User from PandoLogic through or from any TheJobNetwork Site shall create any warranty not expressly stated herein.
Disclaimer of Warranty
PandoLogic DOES NOT WARRANT THAT ANY TheJobNetwork SITE, TheJobNetwork APPLICATION AND/OR TheJobNetwork SERVICES WILL OPERATE ERROR-FREE OR THAT ANY TheJobNetwork SITE, TheJobNetwork APPLICATION AND/OR ITS SERVERS ARE FREE OF COMPUTER VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL MECHANISMS. IF YOU'RE USE OF ANY TheJobNetwork SITE, TheJobNetwork APPLICATION, OR THE TheJobNetwork CONTENT RESULTS IN THE NEED FOR SERVICING OR REPLACING EQUIPMENT OR DATA, PandoLogic IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THOSE COSTS. THE TheJobNetwork SITES, TheJobNetwork APPLICATION AND TheJobNetwork CONTENT ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS WITHOUT ANY WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND. PandoLogic, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. PandoLogic MAKES NO WARRANTIES ABOUT THE ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, COMPLETENESS, OR TIMELINESS OF THE TheJobNetwork CONTENT, SERVICES, SOFTWARE, TEXT, GRAPHICS, AND LINKS.
Disclaimer of Consequential Damages
IN NO EVENT SHALL PandoLogic, ITS SUPPLIERS, OR ANY THIRD PARTIES MENTIONED ON ANY PandoLogic SITE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INCIDENTAL AND CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, LOST PROFITS, OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOST DATA OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) RESULTING FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE ANY TheJobNetwork SITE TheJobNetwork APPLICATION AND/OR THE TheJobNetwork CONTENT, WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY, AND WHETHER OR NOT PandoLogic IS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Limitation of Liability
PandoLogic's MAXIMUM LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY TheJobNetwork SITE OR YOUR USE OF THE TheJobNetwork APPLICATION, TheJobNetwork CONTENT, OR TheJobNetwork SERVICES REGARDLESS OF THE CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR OTHERWISE), WILL NOT EXCEED IN THE AGGREGATE $100.
Links to Other Sites
The TheJobNetwork Sites contain links to third party Web sites. These links are provided solely as a convenience to you and not as an endorsement by PandoLogic of the contents on such third-party Web sites. PandoLogic is not responsible for the content of linked third-party sites and does not make any representations regarding the content or accuracy of materials on such third party Web sites. If you decide to access linked third-party Web sites, you do so at your own risk. PandoLogic may also present job advertisements from external affiliated recruitment advertising companies ("External Source") to enrich the content for all TheJobNetwork users. If you decide to apply to such external job advertisements, you acknowledge that subject to your consent (opting in by clicking the applicable box during the application process), PandoLogic will transfer all necessary information required by such External Source with respect to your candidacy to the respective job advertisement. If you do not wish us to transfer such information, please refrain from opting in online. PandoLogic IS not responsible and shall not be held liable for any content provided on/by such External Sources and/or privacy practices or use of your information of/by such External Sources. We recommend that you visit the applicable sites/boards for information regarding such External Source's privacy practices.
No Resale or Unauthorized Commercial Use.
You agree not to resell or assign your rights or obligations under these Terms. You also agree not to make any unauthorized commercial use of any TheJobNetwork Site.
You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless PandoLogic, its affiliates, and their respective officers, directors, employees and agents, from and against any claims, actions or demands, including without limitation reasonable legal and accounting fees, alleging or resulting from (i) any User Content or other material you provide to any TheJobNetwork Site, (ii) your use of any TheJobNetwork Content, or (iii) your breach of the terms of these Terms. PandoLogic shall provide notice to you promptly of any such claim, suit, or proceeding.
PandoLogic makes no claims that the TheJobNetwork Content may be lawfully viewed or accessed outside of the United States. Access to the TheJobNetwork Content may not be legal by certain persons or in certain countries. If you access TheJobNetwork.com or any other U.S. based TheJobNetwork Site from outside of the United States, you do so at your own risk and are responsible for compliance with the laws of your jurisdiction. These Terms are governed by the internal substantive laws of the State of New, without respect to its conflict of laws principles. Jurisdiction for any claims arising under this agreement shall lie exclusively with the state or federal courts within New York, NY. If any provision of these Terms is found to be invalid by any court having competent jurisdiction, the invalidity of such provision shall not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of these Terms, which shall remain in full force and effect. No waiver of any term of these Terms shall be deemed a further or continuing waiver of such term or any other term. In addition, PandoLogic's failure to enforce any term of these Terms shall not be deemed as a waiver of such term or otherwise affect PandoLogic's ability to enforce such term at any point in the future. Except as expressly provided in an additional agreement, additional Terms for certain areas of the TheJobNetwork Sites, a particular "Legal Notice," or software license or material on particular TheJobNetwork Site pages, these Terms constitute the entire agreement between you and PandoLogic with respect to the use of the TheJobNetwork Sites. No changes to these Terms shall be made except by a revised posting on this page.
Privacy Reminder
Protect your personal information by never providing social security, credit card or bank account numbers to prospective employers. This site may use "cookies" to collect and maintain information about you. We also work with third parties, including advertising companies and website analysis firms, who use cookies to collect information when you visit our site and third party sites about your surfing activities. To learn about our privacy practices, use and collection of users' information; please see our privacy statement at privacy policy.
Term and Termination
These Terms will remain in full force and effect while you are a User of the TheJobNetwork Sites at any level. PandoLogic reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to pursue all of its legal remedies, including but not limited to removal of your User Content from the TheJobNetwork Sites and the other TheJobNetwork Sites and immediate termination of your registration with or ability to access the TheJobNetwork Sites and the other TheJobNetwork Sites and/or any other services provided to you by PandoLogic, upon any breach by you of these Terms or if PandoLogic is unable to verify or authenticate any information you submit to TheJobNetwork.com or pursuant to other TheJobNetwork Site registration. Even after you are no longer a User of the TheJobNetwork Sites, certain provisions of these Terms will remain in effect.
These Terms constitute a binding agreement between you and PandoLogic, and is accepted by you upon your use of a TheJobNetwork Site.


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Цена: | 325 руб. |
Доставка: | бесплатно БЕСПЛАТНО |
To enable volume discounts on this site, use coupon code: BULKRATE during checkout. You will see a discount applied at the bottom of the shopping cart. Competitive pricing is available. Contact us for details.
Quantity | 3+ units | 5+ units | 10+ units |
Rate | USD$ 1,50 shipped | USD$ 1,40 shipped | USD$ 1,30 shipped |
What is Bulk Rate? BulkRate is a semi-wholesale system with items priced separately from retail. When you use bulk rates, a flat $1.70 registered air mail fee will automatically be added to your cart to ensure delivery of package. While BulkRate's intention is to offer cheaper prices when you buy in bulk, because it is priced separately it on occassions show a higher than retail price. That's why we ask you to enter BULKRATE as a coupon code to manually activate the rates. You can always opt not to use the bulk rates. If you are looking for wholesale prices please feel free to contact us.
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