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BitMEX Review 2023
BitMEX is a cryptocurrency exchange that offers various derivatives products. Additionally, it supports spot trading and short-term staking strategies.
However, BitMEX has a chequered history and many users have complained about its poor service in the past. This BitMEX review will examine both the pros and cons of BitMEX to help you decide whether it is right for you.
What is BitMEX?
BitMEX is a cryptocurrency derivatives exchange that provides futures and perpetual contracts on numerous coins. For professional traders, the exchange offers margin trading with up to 100x leverage.
In addition to these features, BitMEX also provides a selection of order types like stop and market orders. Its trading engine is tailored for high-speed trade execution using software created by high-frequency trading firms.
To open an account with BitMEX, you need to create a wallet address through their multi-signature deposit process and verify your identity. After receiving this valid wallet address, you can then transfer your BTC into it.
The platform also includes a profit and loss calculator, which lets you project potential losses. This can be helpful when deciding whether it's worthwhile withdrawing your Bitcoins or not, particularly when trading on high leverage.
BitMEX not only offers advanced trading features, but it takes security seriously as well. In fact, the platform utilizes a groundbreaking multisignature deposit and withdrawal system that guarantees your Bitcoins remain safe until you authorize withdrawal.
Is BitMEX Regulated?
BitMEX, a cryptocurrency derivatives exchange, was founded in Hong Kong. It is now incorporated in Seychelles. The platform offers spot and futures trading for experienced traders. However, it may not be suitable to novice investors or multi-asset investors.
Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), recently assessed a $100 million fine against BitMEX for violating the Bank Secrecy Act as well as FinCEN's implementing rules. These penalties were levied because BitMEX failed to implement and maintain an adequate anti-money laundering (AML) program as required under the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA).
FinCEN discovered that BitMEX had failed to file suspicious Activity Reports (SARs), as required by Anti Money Laundering regulations. This puts BitMEX at risk of potential criminal liability. BitMEX did not report transactions involving darknet market, Iran crypto exchanges, unregistered cash services businesses offering mixed services and other fraudsters.
Since the charges were filed, BitMEX has taken steps to improve their compliance practices. The case serves to remind companies that compliance is key for ensuring business growth and avoiding any encounters with regulators. Recognizing regulatory expectations is the first step toward meeting them; and the BitMEX settlement documents give an extensive look at what transaction monitoring standards are expected of crypto businesses.
Services Offered
BitMEX provides a range of services, such as cryptocurrency futures and derivatives trading. The exchange also offers a perpetual swap trading product, which allows users to leverage up 100x their initial investment.
BitMEX Earn allows users to earn interest from their crypto holdings. This feature can help users save both time and money, as tokens can be used to earn interest and high-return products.
Additionally, BitMEX has created a crypto converter which enables users to rapidly and effortlessly convert their coins. The service is free and available without any fees.
The company has also created the BitMEX Academy, offering various courses and podcasts. This gives users an unparalleled opportunity to gain insight in the industry.
To protect their users' funds, private key and information, the company uses a variety of security measures. These include cold storage, multisig withdrawals and an effective security infrastructure. These measures are highly secure, preventing hackers from gaining access to your money.
Types Of Contracts Available On BitMEX
BitMEX provides traders with a selection of contracts to trade on its platform. These include traditional futures and perpetual swaps, both allowing users to speculate on the price of cryptocurrency at specific future dates.
BitMEX's most sought-after product is the perpetual swap. These contracts track the price of crypto assets and do not have an expiry date. These contracts can be traded across cryptocurrencies, with up to 100x leverage.
These derivatives are collateralized and settled in either BTC or USDT, depending on the instrument at hand. They also provide a minor fiat gateway that allows traders to trade cryptocurrencies with fiat currency.
The exchange charges fees on each trade, but these rates are competitive compared to other exchanges. The taker fee starts from 0.075%, while the maker fee begins at 0.01%. As your trading volume grows, so too do your fees; they decrease accordingly.
BitMEX uses a maintenance margin (MM), which is a level that BitMEX applies to all accounts. This allows BitMEX to automatically liquidate trader positions if they fall below this point. This allows account holders to have sufficient funds to cover all trade exposures.
BitMEX offers traditional contracts and futures
BitMEX provides traders with a variety of derivatives, which allow them to buy or sell commodities, currencies, or any other instrument at a prearranged price and on a particular date. These contracts come in two varieties – traditional futures and perpetual contracts.
The former is a type of derivative that settles at some future date, and users have the flexibility to open or close the contract at any time they desire. This type of contract is available for Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as well.
On BitMEX, there are various ways to trade traditional futures markets, including market orders, stop limit orders, take profit orders and more. These orders help determine whether a given position will be profitable or not.
Another popular order type on BitMEX is the trailing stop order. This allows you to place an order pre-set at a set percentage from the current market price, when it changes.
BitMEX also provides margin trading, which allows you to leverage up to 100x your BTC balance in an account. This can assist in trading more efficiently despite the inherent risks involved with cryptocurrency trading.
Perpetual Contracts on BitMEX
On BitMEX, perpetual contracts offer traders the chance to invest in the future price of a particular cryptocurrency. These contracts have some similarities to futures contracts but with some important distinctions.
Perpetual contracts are unique in that they don't have an expiration or settlement date. This allows traders to keep their positions open for as long or as short as they like and then close them when they are finished.
This type of contract has a funding rate that ensures the price is closely linked to the spot market value. For instance, if BTC spot rate is $36k and Alice purchases a 20-day BTCUSDT perpetual swap at $2k, she must pay an ongoing funding fee to the seller every day until its value reaches $38k.
Perpetual contracts can be leveraged on some exchanges up to 125x for increased profit potential. However, this type of trading also exposes users to liquidity risk if the price of the underlying asset drops significantly. Therefore, users should deposit only minimal collateral in order to maintain their open trading positions.
Upside Profit Contracts on BitMEX
BitMEX offers upside profit contracts to investors who wish to participate in the potential growth of a particular cryptocurrency. These contracts can be traded with either a fixed or floating margin and feature low trading fees.
BitMEX also offers an insurance fund that protects traders against unexpected volatility in cryptocurrency markets. This is vital because traders may feel overwhelmed by sudden shifts in cryptocurrency prices.
BitMEX also utilizes a multi-signature deposit and withdrawal system. This ensures that every address associated to an account is multisignature, which means that no one can access funds from the exchange unless they have the right private keys.
BitMEX also stores most funds in cold storage to prevent hackers from exploiting a system-wide breach. Furthermore, BitMEX utilizes an external service to verify every deposit address sent to its platform.
BitMEX is not without its flaws, but it is still a popular choice among cryptocurrency derivatives traders because of its simple interface, low trading fees, and 100x leverage.
Downside Profit Contracts on BitMEX
BitMEX is one of the oldest crypto exchanges, providing investors with a range of trading tools. It's renowned for its high leverage trades and low trading fees that make it an attractive option among traders.
BitMEX has its flaws. BitMEX lacks regulatory compliance, and its founders are facing criminal charges in the U.S. Furthermore, customer support is only ticket/email based, which means issues may take a long time to be resolved.
The platform doesn't accept fiat currency deposits. This is an inconvenience for those who want to trade in local currencies.
Additionally, the fee structure on an exchange may not be suitable for novice users. These fees can quickly add up so it is important to be familiar with them.
You will need to have a valid email address, and a password in order to open an account at BitMEX. After verification, you can deposit cryptocurrency into your account for trading on the platform. Alternatively, you may use their mobile app to manage your trading positions while on-the-go.
Leverage Available On BitMEX
BitMEX is a global cryptocurrency derivatives exchange founded by an experienced team of finance and trading professionals in 2014. Arthur Hayes, Ben Delo, and Samuel Reed launched the exchange four years later in 2014.
Bitmex is a world-class leveraged trading platform that offers leverage up to 100x on a variety of derivatives.
Experienced traders may find this type of leverage beneficial, but it also has the potential for huge losses if not used responsibly. Inexperienced traders should be aware that leverage can pose risks to their investments.
Leverage can be used to spot and future trading as well as on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Monero contracts.
Bitmex provides more than leverage to its users. Bitmex's sophisticated margin- and liquidation system ensures that traders' margin balances are never below zero.
BitMEX offers traders access to its testnet, which allows them to practice the platform. This is an invaluable opportunity to become familiar with all of its features and learn how to place orders successfully.
Supported Cryptocurrencies
BitMEX supports a broad selection of crypto assets. It provides margin trading as well as derivatives – swaps. These contracts track the price of an asset without expiration date and can be leveraged up to 100x on certain contracts.
Perpetual swap is the most popular product on the exchange. It functions in a similar way to a futures contract. These can be purchased for various cryptocurrencies and have up to 100x leverage.
Futures contracts are agreements to purchase or sell an asset at a specified price in the future. They offer more liquidity than spot trading, as they track the underlying asset's price.
BitMEX offers other derivatives, including futures and swaps. These include perpetual swaps, which have no expiry date and trade close to the underlying reference Index Price.
The platform also provides a crypto converter, allowing users to convert cryptocurrency to fiat currencies quickly and efficiently. You get a free quote before making a transaction, too. Users can also withdraw Bitcoins to their BTC wallet addresses. Furthermore, it records profits and losses in BTC for ease of accounting purposes.
Trading Fees
BitMEX is a highly-respected margin trading exchange. It offers sophisticated investors a wide range of products and features.
One of the key differentiators for BitMEX is its competitive fees. BitMEX charges a 0.025% maker fee, which is very low for a crypto exchange.
Traders can also generate extra income by promoting the exchange using affiliate programs. Each time a user refers new customers, commissions are paid.
BitMEX's trading fees are very competitive and almost negligible compared to the potential profits for experienced operators. Taker fees start at 0.075% and decrease with increased 30-day trading volume, while Makers receive a rebate of 0.01% on each trade.
BitMEX, a cryptocurrency exchange based in Seychelles, was established by a team of experienced finance, trading and web-development experts. It has become a popular platform among professional traders who are looking for advanced dashboards and deep liquidity.
Is BitMEX Legit & Safe?
BitMEX is a prominent exchange in the cryptocurrency space, known for its high-leverage trading options. Users can leverage their assets up to 100 times on its Bitcoin, Ethereum and Monero contracts as well as spot and futures trading.
In order to use BitMEX, you'll need an email address and password. Once you have completed the verification process, trading and depositing will be possible without restrictions.
To protect your trades and crypto funds, the exchange uses multi-signature access and two factor authentication (2FA). It also has a multiparty computation (MPC), which prevents hackers from stealing digital assets.
Security is a top priority for anyone investing in cryptocurrency, and BitMEX takes this issue very seriously. It operates secure servers on Amazon Web Services with two-factor authentication and performs rigorous security checks on deposits, withdrawals, and trading engines to guarantee maximum protection.
Multi-signature wallets and cold storage provided by BitMEX guarantee your crypto funds are secure, while two employees audit all withdrawals. BitMEX also encrypts transactions using SSL encryption and has a risk control system.
Customer Support
BitMEX's customer support is among the best in the business. They provide industry-standard email and ticketing services as well as live support channels on social media channels like Twitter, Discord, and Telegram.
The site is available in English as well as Russian and Turkish. This indicates a well-run customer support department. This will make it much easier to answer questions no matter where you are located.
A cryptocurrency trader requires access to high-quality customer support. To maximize your profits, a trustworthy exchange must be able answer basic questions such as about minimum amounts, security features and liquidation. Not all exchanges are the same. Some have been accused of manipulating markets and were brought to trial by regulatory agencies like the FBI or SEC. There are many other trusted crypto exchanges that you can choose from.
How To Get Started
BitMEX is an exchange offering a variety of products for trading cryptocurrency. Although it primarily offers margin trading, the exchange also offers spot trading in some coins. With its user-friendly interface and transparent pricing policy, BitMEX strives to be the go-to cryptocurrency trading platform.
Start trading with BitMEX by creating a free account. All that's required is an email address and password, after which the exchange will send you a verification email to confirm your identity. Afterward, you can begin depositing cryptocurrencies into your BitMEX wallets to begin trading.
Crypto Converter is a tool that allows users to easily convert their cryptocurrency into USD or Tether. The conversion is quick and free of fees. You can also get a quote before you execute the transaction.
BitMEX also provides multilingual customer support and supports multiple payment gateways. Furthermore, its robust security framework shields customers from cybercrime attacks such as hacking or malware threats.
It's for Whom?
BitMEX was founded in 2014 by a group of web-development, finance and trading professionals. Although registered in Seychelles, its operational centers are located in Hong Kong and the United States. As such, BitMEX provides services to experienced traders looking to trade cryptocurrency derivatives such as futures or margin trading.
Perpetual swaps, which are contracts that never expire, are one of BitMEX's most popular derivatives products. These are a great way for investors to speculate on price movements and protect themselves against market volatility without actually owning cryptocurrency.
For traders who want to purchase or sell a specific cryptocurrency, but don't have the capital to invest in it long-term, the company offers quarterly futures contracts that are settled in Bitcoin. These contracts are a great option for anyone looking to make short-term profits on cryptocurrency investments.
BitMEX's margin calculator helps traders assess the risk associated with a trade. It estimates profit or loss based on entry and exit prices, enabling them to decide when it's best to withdraw funds.
BitMEX offers a variety of support services. Its customer support team is composed of experienced professionals who handle inquiries from users on a daily basis. They help users organize their cryptocurrencies efficiently and explain the platform's key features clearly and promptly.
BitMEX, a trusted exchange, offers access to many crypto assets. Furthermore, its user-friendly mobile app makes trading on the go much simpler than ever before.
Arthur Hayes and Ben Delo founded the company with financial support from their family and friends in 2014.
You can choose between traditional futures or perpetual contracts. These are derivative forms that allow you to agree to purchase or sell at a certain price at a particular date in the future. Either way, you gain money if prices rise; conversely, if they drop, you lose it.
However, futures and perpetual contracts carry risks, so you should be cognizant of them before trading. Therefore, take time to learn all relevant details before beginning trading.
The website provides detailed information about the exchange and how to use it effectively. You will also find live updates and an alert box that informs you of any changes to your trading activity. Moreover, you can access a site-wide chat room where you can interact with other traders in real-time.
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[sspostsincat category="BitMEX"]


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Now that fall is here (despite the fact that summer is lingering) it usually means the resurrection of comfort foods. When sick, or tired, or far from home, everyone seems to yearn for the gastronomic equivalent of a warm sweater, a kiss on the forehead, a favourite blanket. Comfort foods nourish the soul as well as our bodies. They tend to be foods that remind us of simpler times. They are familiar, simple foods. While an oven baked meatloaf with mashed potatoes, cheesy macaroni and cheese and a steaming cinnamon infused apple pie have been staples for many of us, for some of us comfort food may include a delicious gooey lasagna, a complex curry, earthy borscht or udon noodles.
No matter what evokes these feelings of comfort in each of us an ideal comfort food should "stick to the ribs", meaning it supplies a sense of fullness and satisfaction long after it has been consumed. There is absolutely NOTHING on the planet as comforting to me as a delicious, homemade macaroni and cheese. There's something very satisfying about making this classic yourself from start to finish. I make no apologies whatsoever for its cheese, butter and carbs.
When L'il Burnt Toast was "knee high to a grasshopper" she often had friends who didn't want to end their play date and would end up inviting themselves for dinner. I am sure those of you who have young children can relate very well to this..and the fact is...we don't mind at all do we? On one such occasion my daughters little friend egged my wee one on to be invited since we were having macaroni and cheese. Macaroni and cheese is a labour of love, which is always evolving, being the very first dish I ever learned to cook on my own. We sat down to dinner, I scooped a small portion for eagerly waiting little tummies. The "child not of my womb" picked up fork in hand, pushed a few penne from one side of her plate to another and announced, "This is going to make me barf". Of course she was fully expecting something that comes from a box. Silly me! It is my opinion that even if there is a time and a place for packaged macaroni and cheese a good homemade, gooey macaroni and cheese is a whole lot better than something made in a factory!
I am also sending this over to Presto Pasta Nights which has been the baby of Ruth over at Once Upon a Feast for over 3 glorious years. Whenever we feel the urge for some pasta we can go over to her site and have 3 years of entries from all over the world to choose from from pasta salad to lasagna to Pho. There is a pasta for every season, every ingredient and every taste. All of these delicious pasta dishes have been submitted by all of you!!! This week the event is being hosted by Jennifer at Cook, Eat, Play, Repeat.
I have followed and tried to join in on the fun whenever I have pasta. My cupboards are always full of pasta in countless shapes and sizes. It is simply too hard to resist at our local Italian grocers, especially since they have expanded!!! I want to have pasta every day of the year!!!!
With a splash or wine, some homemade Italian bread, and a little Dijon mustard this macaroni and cheese from Canadian Chef Michael Smith has its rightful place right up there with your own favourite family comfort foods. I added a little Parmesan and Provolone cheese on top since it is what I had on hand. Michael always says that a recipe is only a guideline so feel free to change it up however you like.
1/2 stick (1/4 cup/60 mL)of butter
2 garlic cloves, chopped
2/3cup (160 mL)of flour
a big splash of white wine
1 can 12 oz/354 mL)of evaporated milk
4 cups (1 L)of milk
1 tablespoon (15 mL) of paprika
2 tablespoons (30 mL) of Dijon mustard
a pinch of cayenne pepper
16 ounces ( 1lb/454 g)of cheddar cheese, grated or combination of cheddar and Monterrey Jack)
a sprinkle or two of sea salt
fresh ground pepper
1/2 loaf of Italian bread, torn into large pieces
a generous splash of olive oil
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Drop the pasta into boiling, salted water and cook until almost tender, about 12 minutes. Make sure the water tastes like a day at the beach, as the pasta will absorb it and become properly seasoned. The pasta should not be fully cooked; it should have just a touch of firmness when tasted. Drain well.
To make the sauce, melt the butter in a saucepan over medium heat, add garlic and stir for several minutes until it softens and flavours the butter. Add the flour and stir with a wooden spoon until a smooth paste forms. Continue cooking for a few more minutes, in effect toasting the mixture and adding flavour to it. Slowly stir in the wine and continue mixing until smooth and then add both milks, mixing well again. Continue whisking until the mixture coats the back of a spoon. Add paprika, Dijon, cayenne, salt, pepper and cheeses and stir until melted.
Pour into a 9-inch by 13-inch ovenproof casserole or similar dish. Toast the bread with a splash of olive or two of olive oil, then sprinkle it evenly over the top of the cheese mixture. Bake until the mixture is heated through and the bread topping is golden brown, about 30 minutes.
Serves 6

subset: commoncrawl


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Since 2008, the data from real-time monitoring stations operated by the Hudson River Environmental Conditions Observing System (HRECOS) have helped scientists answer basic questions about river processes and enhanced waterway management decisions. With the addition of a new station this summer, HRECOS will not only expand but also gain important new capacities.
In June, the HRECOS pump station at the Marist College waterfront is slated to become fully operational. "As with the other stations, this site will have a complete set of sensors to record what is going by. But at Marist, we will also collect water samples," notes aquatic ecologist Stuart Findlay, who is helping to lead the effort. "Should an interesting event occur, we can turn on the sampling system remotely at any time of day or night. And given the location of the station—about 300 yards downstream of Poughkeepsie's drinking-water intake—the public will directly benefit."
The HRECOS sensors take measurements such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and water elevation. Capturing water samples will allow analyses of contaminants such as PCBs and pharmaceuticals as well as potentially harmful bacteria. "It is rare to have a continuous record of conditions in a water body coupled with the ability to collect water samples at critical times. Most environmental monitoring occurs during daylight and good weather despite the fact that storm events and accidents can happen at any time. This additional capacity will significantly increase our knowledge about what's going on in the Hudson River," comments Findlay.


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CELF PM Requirements 2006
- 1 CELF PM Requirements draft for 2006
- 2 Forward
- 3 Introduction
- 4 Partitioning of requirements
- 5 Interface (kernel and user mode)
- 6 Platform Throttling
- 6.1 CPUFREQ needs more governor options
- 6.2 SMP CPU throttling
- 6.3 Memory bus throttling
- 6.4 IO bus throttling
- 6.5 Throttling Arbitrary Power Parameters Outside CPUFREQ
- 6.6 Peripheral throttling
- 6.7 Temperature based throttling
- 6.8 More policy interfaces than CPUFreq
- 6.9 Non-ACPI architecture specific power control
- 7 Process / OS Throttling
- 8 Lower power kernel processing
- 9 Sleep state support
- 10 System load prediction
- 11 Measurement and benchmark
- 12 New ideas to consider
CELF PM Requirements draft for 2006
Please edit this page and / or send comments to firstname.lastname@example.com
The current draft CELF PM requirements document is https://elinux.org/images//8/83/Pdf.gif CELF PM Requirements 2006 https://elinux.org/images/d/da/Info_circle.png
This is a "wiki-ized" version of a draft requirements document. The goal of this page is to enable easy participation in providing additional input and ideas.
For those items that are not well defined or clear, a call for the PM working group to fill in details will go out on the mailing list. If we cannot get enough substance behind such requirements where I can defend them to the developer community I will not include them from the formal PDF requirements document. I strongly encourage people to insert comments and ideas into this wiki. Especially where there are capabilities or features needed by developers!
The cut off date for closing items getting into the more formal PDF document is April 1.
This document presents the requirements for Linux Power Management from the perspective of Consumer Electronics device developers. The requirements vary from well defined feature requests to calls for analysis, benchmarking tools and methods. Some items call for investigation that are too preliminary to be considered requirements.
CE products have additional, and different, power management needs as compared to laptop computers. It is important to communicate these additional needs to the OS developer community. This document is to define the needs such that the OS developers can understand these needs.
Goals for this requirements document
- Capture the PM issues CE/embedded developers are facing.
- Provide exposure to the community of these issues.
- Encourage idea exchange and feature development
- Derive CELF PM requirements in PDF format.
- where possible define new work with enough specificity that new projects could be started up by CELF PMWG members and the community at large.
Introduction to CE Power management
Power management for CE devices is a bit different from power management for desktop, servers or even laptop computer, even though there is a overlap. The differences tend to come from application specific areas.
- CE devices tend to be application specific. They are designed to do only a few things well. Such as play back video or provide the UI for a PDA or cell phone. They are constrained to running only core applications at all costs to the point that if the device cannot execute its function, then it might as well power off completely.
- CE devices can have thermal constraints not common to other platforms. Hand held devices cannot allow high skin temperatures. Burning the user's hands is not good ergonomics. It should be kept in mind that some computer components, e.g. CPU's, can get hot very quickly but take a long time to cool off.
- CE devices can have different performance value systems compared to laptops and servers. For instance the time it takes to launch a non-critical task may have latencies that would be unacceptable on a laptop or server, and yet is not a problem for a CE application. Conversely latencies that would be acceptable for a laptop operation could be way out of operational or usability limits for a CE application. It all depends on the application the CE device is implementing.
Partitioning of requirements
The requirements identified to date fall into the following categories:
- Interface (kernel and user mode)
- Platform Throttling
- Process / OS Throttling
- Low power kernel processing
- Sleep state support
- System load prediction
- Measurement and benchmark
- New ideas to consider
The following sections will explore each of these categories and provide specific requirements or issues that could be investigated further.
Interface (kernel and user mode)
There is also a huge difference in control logic for clock/voltage scaling between PC's and CE devices. In PCs CPU frequency is often scaled independently from the rest of the system. In embedded world this is hardly the case. CPU frequency is often synchronous with the bus frequency. A number of peripherals connected to the bus can derive frequencies from the bus clock and therefore may need to be reprogrammed in case the bus frequency is changed (all of this as part of the CPU frequency change). Besides there can be several masters on the bus (CPUs, DMAs, etc). In such systems scaling a CPU clock has huge influence on the system performance and should be used with care. Such decisions should be based on much more information than simply idle time on one of the CPUs. Needless to say that apart from CPU frequency scaling, embedded system often scale the bus frequency to squeeze the energy consumption even further. In practice, there numerous dependencies between different clocks and voltages in the system, which are typically known to the system designer only.
It is important to bring some structure in this chaos by providing a generalizing API/framework. PowerOP from Todd looks like a first attempt in the right direction. However, more needs to come. Sorting out the system dependencies and expressing them in a generalized way is one of the most critical requirements to PM in CE domain.
Application specific PM is another aspect. Again here, the system designer is responsible for estimating the workload and performance requirements of main applications on the system components. As this knowledge is not explicitly present in the system, the PM results in guessing strategies (such as idle time monitoring). Whereas for PC with many applications, heuristic strategies are the only way to go for PM. In embedded world the fine-tuning of applications is a normal practice.
Therefore it seems affordable that if application can share explicitly some information to help PM subsystem to improve the "guessing" accuracy. The requirement on providing interfaces from PM framework to applications to grasp their performance requirements and/or monitor their real-time activity is very important too.
(i.e. MPlayer telling about the video playback performance not only to the user but also directly to the PM subsystem via a standard interface to maintain optimum PM and not drop frames).
Kernel and user mode API's ACPI independent
Most CE platforms do not include ACPI platform firmware interfaces. It is important that efforts be taken to make sure that power management API's do not explicitly or implicitly assume ACPI support of behavior.
Without this it becomes difficult to reuse power management solutions across platforms and architectures.
Throttling controls
- more platform throttling API's (freq, memory bus speed, IO speed, fan, peripherals)
- PowerOP?
- more system / OS throttling API's
- more cpufreq governors
More metric APIs
Today we only sample idle time, what other things could be sampled and used as control input for policies?
- more platform metric APIs
- fan
- thermal static
- thermal rate of change
- power load
- battery static
- battery rate of change
- more system / OS load metric APIs
- fork latency
- ave time spent in TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE for specific tasks
- application WFI (Wait For Interrupt) scheduling latency
- scheduler load
- lock contention
- dead line head room
- other stuff?
Platform Throttling
Today we have basic CPU throttling. CPUFREQ is an OK framework for this but we need more and analogous infrastructure for throttling other parts of the platform. Additionally we only have 4 basic governors, user, max performance, min performance, and 2 idle time controlled CPU frequency switching policies.
There are not a lot of architecture specific implementations of ACPI-like features for non-ACPI architectures. The implementation of the platform capabilities within ACPI on CE hardware is non-trivial. It would be good to get more support for proper platform power scaling on such non-ACPI capable architectures and sub-architectures.
CPUFREQ needs more governor options
There should be more governors.
- RT deadline governor
- UI responsiveness governor
- Thermal
- Fan control
CPUFREQ extended to core voltage control
Today CPUFREQ is very clock speed centric. For many systems one can control both core frequency and voltage. For some systems changing core voltage is a more expensive operation than changing frequency. To enable effective CPU frequency and core voltage control we need to extend the design of CPUFREQ to include the notion of target voltage.
SMP CPU throttling
After you have throttled the hardware back and you have more than one core under utilized. It may be useful to change the idle processing on those cores such that they enter higher latency idle states, and avoid scheduling tasks / sending interrupts to those cores.
Sometimes you cannot just shut off CPU's. But you can not schedule work on them, and use specific CPU instructions that are hi-latency and lower power than the normal idle process.
Memory bus throttling
Need policy architecture for memory bus throttling.
Could CPUFREQ be extended or generalized for this?
Memory speed throttling
Both DPM and the recently introduced powerop
code have the concept of an
operating point, which can tie bus/memory clock speed to a corresponding CPU
clock frequency.
IO bus throttling
Need policy architecture for for IO bus Could CPUFREQ be extended or generalized for this?
Throttling Arbitrary Power Parameters Outside CPUFREQ
Another proposal, given the provisional name PowerOP, creates a new machine-level API that manages arbitrary hardware power/performance parameters. This API can be used by both cpufreq and by other power management mechanisms that wish to explicitly manage additional parameters, usually for embedded systems. cpufreq would then call the PowerOP layer to effect changes to hardware registers, etc. in response to changes in the "cpu speed" abstraction that cpufreq manages. Embedded power policy stacks, such as DPM, would also call this layer in response to changes in interfaces used by those stacks (usually lower-level abstractions, perhaps directly exposing the hardware registers).
This would allow both cpufreq and other power management software to share the same hardware-specific code, assuming there continues to be a place for both types of PM interfaces, one for desktop/laptop/server systems and one for embedded systems.
The linux-pm community has also discussed adding comprehensive power policy management frameworks that could subsume the functionality that was discussed for PowerOP.
Peripheral throttling
Device power management provides one solution for peripheral power control. This will be useful for user mode governors.
Support for the maximal throttling of powering off the peripheral is also needed.
Need policy architecture for platform device and peripheral throttling Could CPUFREQ be extended or generalized for this?
Temperature based throttling
Many portable devices are made for human touch. Usability needs for preventing the device from overheating and to prevent burning the user's hands is needed. Platform vendors will be including temperature sensors in these devices, and the OS and application will need to have some policies in place to use it.
More policy interfaces than CPUFreq
Yet another CPUFREQ like thing? Or something else? Could CPUFREQ be extended or generalized for this?
This could involve the policy interface that DPM exposes, a new kernel-side policy manager, an altogether new, user-side policy manager. Systems integrators and OEMs have often had to write their own "resource managers" on top of their platform OS. Would it be possible to come up with something similar for embedded systems running Linux? There are already some of the building blocks in DPM and the software suspend code.
Non-ACPI architecture specific power control
For platforms that cannot afford the overhead of adding ACPI platform firmware / BIOS support for power management, there is a need for the architecture and sub architecture support of more or less equivalent capabilities. For example, the task of throttling the CPU frequency on some platforms without breaking the serial port connection, violating some constraints with memory controllers or interface specification to parts on the CE platform can be a significant challenge.
ACPI and platform firmware / BIOS take care of this type of stuff for developers underneath the OS on most Laptop, Desktop and server platforms from Intel. However; for CE devices there is very little support available in the arch and sub-arch kernel tree's.
Define Platform Power API that needs to be exported for non-ACPI architectures
I need CELF support in defining these. I'm ok with stating a requirement for an API definition but I'm not going to define the API.
Example Implementation of API for ARM sub-Arch
Need to get a platform vendor to put up effort to implement this type of thing.
Example Implementation of API of arch X
There is more than just ARM out there. Need PMWG members to step up and define these guys.
Process / OS Throttling
Sometimes its not enough to throttle the platform. Throttling the work load is the next level of control. Support for process level throttling is needed to in order to take power management to the next level and provide systems that will maintain thermal and battery constraints.
The OS should be aware of trigger points for HW protection points, where the HW will shut off power and lose user data. If the platform is approaching one of these triggers, and the OS can throttle itself to avoid loss of data this would be a good thing.
Rate limit interrupts
Sometimes hardware or drivers can have bugs in them that result in interrupt storms that result in interrupt processing consuming 100% of the CPU. When these happen, the system will not get an opportunity to execute any policy logic. For handheld devices such an event could result in skin temperatures outside of an acceptable range triggering a HW shut down. It could also result in a deep discharge of the battery such that it damages some battery technologies.
It would be good to have some type of protection in the OS for such things.
Process controlled based on power states
The idea is to provide a background thread policy that would be kept out of the run state as a function of PM state. For instance, my laptop sometimes runs updatedb cron jobs for me when it's on battery, and it would be better if the updatedb process would just sleep until I re-tether my system to the wall.
I could see this type of thing applied to thermal throttling too. My daughter's laptop gets quite hot when she has some web pages opened (flash banner adds burning mips). It would be interesting to throttle such threads in the scheduler.
- Policies for tethered vs. un-tethered
- Policies for thermal control (e.g. keep the fan from starting up by not running some cron job.)
- Scheduler policy classes that schedule tasks based on some TBD policy manager Run levels tied to PM policy
Asymmetric Suspend Resume
The ability to suspend a system under one power state and resume it under different conditions and selectively resume the suspended processes. One user scenario is the following: the system is tethered running at full power and more or less operating assuming it had unlimited battery. The user suspends, and takes the device to a coffee shop or airplane and resumes. This time under battery power. It would be a cool thing to selectively only resume processes that are required to run when under battery. The selection criterion for resume could include IP address, or MAC of current DHCP server, and powered state (AC / Battery).
SMP process throttling
Some multi-core systems must throttle both cores symmetrically. This means that if your work load is low enough to not need the other core, the most you can do is to simply not send any interrupts to it and to avoid scheduling any tasks to run on it.
Doing this effectively from a PM governor (say a CPUFREQ governor) posses some interesting challenges in coupling scheduler behavior to PM design.
Lower power kernel processing
The kernel does a lot of book keeping and processing on its own as a result of design choices for things like process accounting, scheduler design for CPU bound multi-processing, and other things. This area of PM requirements focuses on reducing the number of instructions the kernel does over time, as well as things that happen in the kernel that get in the way of putting the CE platform into a possible lower power state for longer times.
One thing to keep in mind is the for CE platforms and applications it is sometimes acceptable to violate POSIX.
Low power idle
Many platforms provide hardware support for different types of idle states. It would be good to have standardized ways for extending the type of idle processing dynamically.
Runtime selection of idle states
For ACPI platforms this can be related to C states, but for non-ACPI platforms the lower power idle states need to be entered by the OS explicitly
It would be good to enable some type of policy framework for controlling which platform idle states are entered from idle. (CPUFREQ-like thing?)
Tick-less idle
When in a high latency lower power idle state its not helpful to have the timer interrupt wake up the CPU to do nothing useful.
Variable Scheduling Timeouts (VST)
This is more general than tick less idle as it goes farther to remove the periodic timer ticks from the scheduler design all together.
Reducing Tick Overhead
The timer tick processing is getting bloated for CE applications where each instruction results in power lose. Efforts to minimize the work done by the kernel when processing timer ticks would help a lot for CE and embedded applications.
It would be acceptable to the CE and embedded application developers to sacrifice some POSIX compatibility for this. Of course such an implementation would require compile time switches.
Sleep state support
- Need both suspend to RAM and suspend to disk
- Generalized suspend /resume implementations that can be easily extended to suspend to flash.
- Robust suspend /resume operations
- Need to define quality metric and test cases for suspend resume and drive community toward such goals
- Video recovery (VGA platforms only / set top box)
- Better debug logging for suspend / resume success and failure
- Low latency suspend / resume control
- Resume takes a long time to the initial resume, and then even longer before the OS stops thrashing about.
- The resume thrash costs battery
- The resume thrash breaks audio play back for a significant amount to time.
- Suspend / Resume benchmark and testing
Need quality and performance benchmarks against suspend / resume implementations to be run on a regular bases
- could we mimic Intel's performance benchmarking effort?
More sleep states
A number of CPUs and ASSPs currently used in mobile devices support different sleep states, although often the software support to exploit these in not available. Typically, a CPU has a low power mode that can be entered when the OS idle loop/idle task runs and that is exited by an interrupt. The latency associated with this "wait for interrupt" (WFI) state is low; no state saving is required and the OS can resume from where it left off. More recent CPUs have included support for other sleep states that are in-between WFI and the "system suspend" state in which power to the CPU is removed and external RAM is used to save/restore state. For example, the ARM11 family introduced a "dormant" power state, in which power is removed from the CPU core but not its cache RAMs, enabling a faster "warm start". TI's OMAP family of ASSPs include a number of sleep states, where progressively more and more of the device is powered down. ASSPs often include a "System Controller" that manages clocks and power gating, providing a number of clocking regimes, for example:
- Off - system suspended
- Crystal oscillator - CPU runs, limited range of peripherals available,
- (probably) no SDRAM available
- Main oscillator - CPU, more peripherals, SDRAM available
- PLL - maximum performance, system devices available
The system may also permit frequency/voltage scaling within one of these clocking regimes - this is the area that CPUfreq and other proprietary software is aiming to tackle.
A question arising here would be: "how does the OS know what peripherals it can use and what can it do in a given clocking regime?" Maybe for a mobile device it would be acceptable not to run Linux at all in the crystal oscillator mode but keep this for boot-up and for the times when a minimal amount of CPU activity is required. This could be when the device is on but not in active use:
- a cell-phone powered on but not in a call, for example.
One possibility could be to define additional power management states, for example, PM_SUSPEND_DORMANT
and manage them through the existing Linux power management framework. However, as mention above, some clocking regimes might not be sufficient for us to run Linux!
Suspend to Flash
Sony is interested in this, and has done some work in this area. It would give all the benefits of Suspend to RAM with the added advantage of being able to remove power from external RAM too. A project within Samsung has looked at using NAND Flash as a swap device, to make use of existing Suspend to Disk code.
Suspend to RAM
There is support for this in some platforms - for example, Intel PXA and TI OMAP family parts. Power can be removed from the CPU when it is in a sleep mode because its state has previously been saved to external memory (usually SDRAM). The SDRAM itself is in a self-refresh mode. Exit from sleep is via a warm reset.
All suspend mechanisms rely on the Linux power management framework (see
) with architecture- and platform-specific code
System load prediction
The ability to predict system throughput and latency capability and needs is one of the largest gaps for the implementation of good power management designs today.
Today we only use the kstat data to monitor idle Could we do better if we knew:
- Process contention for locks
- Size of task list
- CPU event counters
- Number of tasks in run state
- Number of tasks waiting on IO
- Number of niced tasks
- Number of RT tasks
- RT processing deadline times
- Latency from interrupt to process schedule (UI event)
- Interrupt rates
- average time of key tasks spent in TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE state
Need more ideas to be discussed.
Measurement and benchmark
Technology/Physics background
Power Dissipation Elements in CMOS Circuits
Power Reduction Methods
Power Management
PM measuring methodology definition
How to measure power
- Understand the trade offs WRT where power is measured
- Warn about issues with some test configurations.
- How to measure battery life
- Understanding of differences in battery technologies
PM benchmark work loads
- well defined target platforms
- well defined work loads
- Good PM robustness benchmark
- Suspend/resume latency benchmark
- Regular PM benchmark reporting
New ideas to consider
Example PM solutions
Formal control theory applied
More formal control theory analysis and design applied to the PM implementations. Today most of the PM solutions are heuristic and not designed from a control theory point of view. SISO vs. PID Control Theory
Continuous controls supported by policy managers
Today the controls are all discrete operating points. Some CE vendors have requested continuous control designs.
Need more creativity on the prediction problem
We don't do a good job of predicting what the system load will be next jiffy, we only measure what it was last jiffy.
Notes from the Power Management Summit
File:PM summit 2006.ppt Mark's requirements slides presented at the Summit
File:Pm Summit FallOut.ppt Mark's action plan from the Summit


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DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. – For so long, Danica Patrick was just a pretty girl in a fast car surrounded by a crack marketing staff who parlayed a few golden moments on the track into worldwide fame.
Her sexy Super Bowl ads and the revealing magazine shoots quickly outnumbered her actual career accomplishments. They still do, and she routinely takes Twitter broadsides from a fan base that has resented her since she first dabbled in NASCAR three years ago. Her fiercely competitive nature and desire to keep her personal life private created the perception she is cold, standoffish,
Patrick has never flinched, and she's not flinching now on the doorstep of the biggest moment of her NASCAR career. She learned long ago to not care what people think about her, to tune out the critics and plug away at her race craft and at building the Danica empire.
All of that should help her in the pressure cooker of Daytona this week. After all, she's used to the spotlight more than almost any driver in history.
She already has a major accomplishment to tuck in her belt: She is the first woman in history to win the pole at NASCAR's top level. That it came at the Daytona 500, "The Great American Race," is somehow fitting because it's Patrick. The face of auto racing to many casual fans is now going to be the face of NASCAR every day this week leading into Sunday's season-opener.
It comes during a rebirth for the 30-year-old Patrick.
Something shifted last season, when she realized a happy ending wasn't going to come in her seemingly picture-perfect life. All the effort and energy dedicated to maintaining Danicamania wasn't making her happy.
So she made significant life changes, splitting from her 47-year-old husband after seven years of marriage. In January came confirmation of what everyone in NASCAR already assumed — she was dating fellow Sprint Cup rookie Ricky Stenhouse Jr., a cowboy-hat wearing Mississippi native who takes her to Professional Bull Riding and gave her her own blinged-out cowgirl belt buckle.
Patrick came into the season with a new man, a new outlook on life and a determination to be happy on and off the track. Where that takes her is anyone's guess because Patrick, so certain all those years she was a race car driver and had no interest in having children, is suddenly murky on motherhood.
"I don't know. I always used to say no. Now, I don't know. I'm in a whole new situation now," she told The Associated Press. "I do know I wouldn't compromise my career. I would not stop racing for that. If I did want to stop racing for that, then I would lose my passion for racing and it would be that point in time when I would want to stop racing."
Seemingly icy all those years, Patrick is suddenly an open book. She's done a total 180 and is putting herself out there much like a head-over-heels-in-love schoolgirl.
"People tell me I've changed. Maybe. I'm happy," she said. "You get kind of giddy about it, almost. Ricky and I like talking about each other. But life is just simpler now. I feel like I don't have to think as much. There was always an element of me that felt like I had to do the right thing all the time. Now I feel like I want to be me. I want to be relaxed, less calculated. My return on investment was not right, and I am done overthinking things."
If it seems as though Patrick has an opportunity at a fresh start, she is adamant that is not how she views this period of change.
"I think everything you do lasts. It is who you are and where you've been and I wouldn't be here today if not for all the things I've done up until this point," she said. "But there are definitely some starting overs that are clear and obvious. I think I'm just doing what it takes to be happy and feeling at peace with what you do and who you are.
"I always tell everyone, kids or adults, to just be yourself and be honest and I felt like I wasn't doing that myself."
Patrick may sound like she's suddenly found herself, but there's still a ton she hasn't figured out. She doesn't know how long she wants to race, but says she could see herself in NASCAR another 10 years.
"I always thought I'd race for 10 years, but then I did seven in IndyCar and now I've done two in NASCAR," she said. "So I am closing in on that 10 years of professional racing thing, but I am starting over and I have to start that 10-year clock over. I really don't know. I don't know if there's any way to pinpoint when you are going to lose passion for it or not be competitive."
That is certainly not now, not when Patrick is entering her first full season racing in the elite Cup Series. She drives for three-time champion Tony Stewart with sponsorship from longtime partner GoDaddy, and Stewart last year hand-picked 10 of the toughest tracks in NASCAR for Patrick to run in preparation for the move to the top series.
To say she struggled would be an understatement.
Patrick's average start was 36th, her average finish 28th and she crashed out of two of her 10 races. Fans howled she was undeserving of her ride and didn't warrant any media attention, then they voted her the Most Popular Driver in the second-tier Nationwide Series, where she finished 10th in points with four top-10 finishes.
That's the irony of Patrick, who was polarizing to fans in her seven seasons of IndyCar racing. She was the first woman to lead laps in the Indianapolis 500, and her third-place finish in that race in 2009 was the highest for a woman. She's also the only woman to win an IndyCar race, which she did in Japan in 2008.
Those three highlights were about it for Patrick, who never finished higher than fifth in the standings and had just seven podium finishes in 115 career starts. But she was IndyCar's biggest star and the spotlight rarely reached any other drivers, which wasn't lost on her fellow competitors.
Patrick makes no apologies for the attention she receives, and is taking a no-regrets attitude about much of her life. She's left behind IndyCar, maybe for good — she's sitting out the Indianapolis 500 for a second straight year — and she walked away from an unhappy marriage. She doesn't always like the things the Danica marketing machine wants her to do, but she's a businesswoman who learned a long time ago from Bobby Rahal to prepare for a life after racing.
If there's anything she would do over, Patrick isn't saying.
"I say that I learned an incredible amount in my 20s about everything, and about myself came at the end," she said. "I learned a lot about people, relationships, business, employees. I enjoyed it all, and I learned a lot.
"But I think it took me all the way until the last year how happy it makes me to be able to be myself, and how much I like myself. And you know, you take it or leave it. That's it. This is me, people can take it or leave it."
Follow Jenna Fryer at https://twitter.com/JennaFryer and http://racing.ap.org


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Did you see Jimi Hendrix in concert? Did you meet Jimi Hendrix or have the opportunity to interview him or have some other unique, first-person encounter with Jimi Hendrix? If so, Experience Hendrix wants to hear from you.
Jimi Hendrix
Did you see Jimi Hendrix in concert? Did you meet Jimi Hendrix or have the opportunity to interview him or have some other unique, first-person encounter with Jimi Hendrix? If so, Experience Hendrix wants to hear from you.
On this day, Hendrix signed a contract for $12,500 to perform at the Fillmore East in New York. Most importantly, the Fillmore East would serve as the venue for the recording of a live album by the guitarist. In recent weeks, Hendrix had determined that the most expedient way to resolve his obligation to Capitol Records per the 1968 PPX legal settlement would be to deliver a live album to the label. "The Fillmore gigs were put together very last minute," recalls Hendrix road manager Gerry Stickells. "The Fillmore East and West were trend spots and Bill Graham was the trend guy. It would be like a major act doing a live album in a club now, compared to a stadium. "
On this day, Jimi flew to Toronto, Canada to make a court appearance related to the drug possession charges brought against him in May. While in Toronto, Hendrix was a guest at the posh Royal York Hotel at 100 Front Street West.
Jimi appeared in court at 10 a.m. in defense of a drug possession charge made against him in May 1969. Under the jurisdiction of Judge Joseph Kelly, Hendrix stood beside Defense Attorney John O'Driscoll and before twelve jury members. The first witness for the Crown was Customs Officer Marvin Wilson. It had been Wilson who stopped Hendrix during a Customs check on May 3, 1969 as the guitarist tried to enter Canada to perform at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto. Wilson recounted his take of the situation, which was subsequently echoed his superior officer, a Customs Supervisor, as well as another Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer. Hendrix then took the stand next. The twenty-seven year old Seattle native proceeded to inform the court that he was entirely unaware of the drugs found in his travel bag. Hendrix made clear his own experimentation with a variety of drugs in the past, but that in this instance, he had no idea that someone had packed drugs in his travel bag. Hendrix claimed that the drugs were mistakenly packed in one of his travel bags along with a number of other gifts he had received from fans while attending a party in Hollywood.
court drug possession John O'Driscoll Marvin Wilson Media trial
Jimi returned to court to take the stand once again, recounting his side of the story. After Jimi concluded his testimony, journalist Sharon Lawrence was called next. Lawrence testified that she had been with Hendrix at the Beverly Rodeo Hotel prior to his departure. Lawrence echoed Hendrix's explanation that the drugs had been placed in the guitarist's travel bags without his knowledge. The defense then called Hendrix's former producer and co-manager Chas Chandler. Chandler proved to be a compelling witness, lending credibility to Hendrix's claim while providing details within the life of a successful touring musician.
Jimi Hendrix's trial for drug possession entered its third day. Both the Counsel for the Defense and the Counsel for the Prosecution made their final address before the jury. The Defense rested the case on the law that to be charged with the possession of a narcotic there has to be knowledge of its existence. Hendrix's attorney John O'Driscoll reminded the jury that a conviction cannot be handed down if there is any doubt. After a brief address by the Counsel for the Prosecution the jury left the courtroom and deliberated for eight hours before returning with a verdict of not guilty.
Bob Dawbarn of Melody Maker interviewed Jimi by telephone for the December 20th edition of the famed British music weekly. In the interview Hendrix alluded to the reformation of the original Experience band. "I've been thinking about that for a long time. All I'm waiting for is for Noel and Mitch to make up their minds and we can get everything fixed. I saw Noel at the Fillmore and I think everything is working out fine with him. Now I am looking forward to seeing Mitch. He has been over there in England getting himself together." Jimi also provided Dawbarn with some insights about the new music that he had been developing. "I've been writing a whole lot of things," Jimi replied. In fact, we've got enough material now for another two LPs. We are trying to decide what to release and at what time. We've started recording and you should be receiving a single around the end of January. The title? It should be either 'Trying To Be A Man [sic]' or 'Room Full Of Mirrors.'"
Just months after leaving the Experience to front Fat Mattress, Noel Redding's group was coming undone. Rolling Stone magazine was among the first to reveal the group's undoing. "Despite reports to the contrary, Noel Redding's Fat Mattress was not breaking up. Redding became ill during the group's million-dollar American tour. In a statement from the Robert Stigwood Organization (Fat Mattress's management company) said, "Fat Mattress's debut tour of America has been postponed because of lead guitarist Noel Redding's sudden illness." Chas Chandler, the group's manager strongly denied all rumors pointing the groups split saying "Noel flew home from New York after consulting his doctor and Rik Grunnell, head of the Stigwood office in the States. Noel will be taking a complete rest over the Christmas holiday at a secret address. New plans for Fat Mattress will be put into operation and announced in January."
Record Plant, New York Studio Recording Born Under A Bad Sign Lover Man Earth Blues Message To Love Changes Lover Man Burning Desire Back in New York, Hendrix returned to the Record Plant for an extended evening session. Jimi led Buddy Miles and Billy Cox through takes of "Lover Man," "Izabella," "Earth Blues," "Message To Love," "Changes," and "Burning Desire", although no masters were achieved. One recording from this session, an impromptu rendition of Albert King's "Born Under A Bad Sign" was issued posthumously as part of the 1994 compilation Jimi Hendrix :Blues (Experience Hendrix/MCA, 11060).
Born Under A Bad Sign Burning Desire Changes Earth Blues lover man Message To Love Record Plant Recording
Record Plant, New York Studio Recording Ezy Ryder Message To Love Bleeding Heart A long and productive evening of rehearsing and recording for Hendrix, Cox, and Miles. It is not known which session came first, but the Band Of Gypsys spent time on this day at Baggy's Studios, a makeshift rehearsal facility, and the Record Plant. At the Record Plant, Hendrix and the group made significant progress on "Message To Love," "Ezy Ryder", and "Bleeding Heart." The last of eighteen takes provided a working master for "Message To Love", although Hendrix opted to retry the song the following evening and this version as scrapped. However, the group successfully recorded the basic track for "Ezy Ryder" on this evening. Additional work in the form of numerous guitar, bass, and vocal overdubs would be completed for this track at Electric Lady Studios during the summer of 1970, but this inspired session yielded the basic rhythm track Hendrix desired. "Ezy Ryder" would later be issued as part of the 1997 compilation First Rays Of The New Rising Sun (Experience Hendrix/MCA, 11599)). Baggy's Studios, New York Studio Rehearsals At Baggy's Studios, Hendrix, Cox, and Miles devoted their efforts toward refining the body of songs Hendrix wished to perform as part of his upcoming performances at the Fillmore East. Hendrix had elected to record the Fillmore East performances for a live album he would deliver to capitol records to settle a longstanding legal dispute. "We rehearsed at a place called Baggy's in New York," explains Cox. "It was located down by Chinatown. We were there prior to Christmas and then a little after, practicing and rehearsing. We were working up a set with the songs we were going to perform for the [Fillmore East] concert. Then we realized that we had to do four shows and we used quite a few of those numbers in each of the shows." Baggy's Studios was a nondescript Manhattan rehearsal facility opened by former Soft Machine road manager Tom Edmonston. Baggy's was by no means a recording studio designed to compete with the likes of the Record Plant. Baggy's had no control room; its purpose was to provide a space for artists to rehearse without restriction and at full volume for as much time as they required. This was a simple, yet effective rehearsal facility geared to those such as Hendrix who had no other convenient space to prepare for a live event or concert tour. "Baggy's had two floors," remembers Cox. "It was essentially warehouse space. We worked in the large room downstairs. It was a pretty simple set up. There were rugs on the floor and the walls were padded and soundproofed. " While commonplace now, the concept of a dedicated rehearsal room for rock acts [as opposed to vacant halls or theaters] had only begun to take hold in 1969. Cox explains. "The recording studio was exclusively used for creating and coming up with something new and different. This was something else. Previous to that time, whenever Jimi wanted to rehearse something he would call me up and I would come over to his apartment and we would play through some small amps. Rehearsal space did not exist as we know it today." Perhaps most importantly, Baggy's rental rates were a fraction of the cost of similar time at the Record Plant. With Hendrix's finances hamstrung by the construction cost overruns of his own Electric Lady Studios and the continuing PPX litigation, this was an important consideration. Some of Hendrix's recordings of the Band Of Gypsys rehearsals have survived. They were originally made at 7 ½ i.p.s. on a two-track reel to reel tape machine. For Hendrix, these recordings served as a convenient tool to measure the group's progress throughout the rehearsals. Gene McFadden, a member of Hendrix's road crew, organized the group's equipment and installed a sound system from which a feed was patched into the tape recorder. Hendrix loaded a full spool of tape and essentially left the machine to run. Each song was recorded live with no overdubs or other such attempts to finish or even polish them. Twelve examples of these spirited rehearsals, many from the long session on this and the following day, are featured as part of the Dagger Records release Jimi Hendrix: The Baggy's Rehearsal Sessions. Although dates for each recording from Baggy's are not entirely clear, it is known from tape box markings that "Burning Desire" and "Hoochie Coochie Man" were recorded on this day. Prior to the release of Jimi Hendrix: The Baggy's Rehearsal Sessions, a few excerpts from Jimi's rehearsals at Baggy's have been commercially issued. "Burning Desire" and "Hoochie Coochie Man" first appeared overseas in 1973 as part of the long since deleted Loose Ends compilation. In recent years, the Baggy's recording of Jimi's yuletide medley of "Little Drummer Boy", "Silent Night", and "Auld Lang Syne" has been issued as the popular CD single Merry Christmas And A Happy New Year.
Baggy's Studios Bleeding Heart Ezy Ryder Message To Love Record Plant Recording
Record Plant, New York Studio Recording Message To Love Earth Blues For the second consecutive evening, Hendrix, Cox, and Miles spent time at both the Record Plant and Baggy's Studios. It would appear that the group began the evening with an extended rehearsal session at Baggy's Studios. Afterwards, Hendrix began a separate session with Cox and Miles at the Record Plant beginning at 3 a.m. Hendrix returned to "Message To Love", achieving a satisfactory basic rhythm track with just a single take. Sixteen takes of "Earth Blues" followed, with the eleventh designated as 'complete.' Hendrix would add a host of overdubs to this working master, including guitar, lead vocal, backing vocals by the famed Ronettes, and even a new drum track by Mitch Mitchell before his death the following year. First issued as part of the since deleted Rainbow Bridge soundtrack, "Earth Blues" was reissued in 1997 as part of First Rays Of The New Rising Sun (Experience Hendrix/MCA, 11599). "Message To Love" has since been issued as part of the Jimi Hendrix Experience box set issued in September 2000.
Baggy Studios Earth Blues Message To Love Record Plant Recording
Hendrix and attorney Henry Steingarten conduct a telephone conversation surrounding the issues of November 10th. A follow-up letter is sent to Hendrix on December 24 that further outlines the decisions made during the conversation. Record Plant, New York Studio Recording Honey Bed Technical problems hindered Hendrix's progress on this night. This session was dedicated to "Honey Bed," an intriguing demo that seemed to draw upon elements of "Bleeding Heart" and "Come Down Hard On Me." As take three wound down, Hendrix guided Cox and Miles through an early rendition of "Night Bird Flying." Just past the two-minute mark, a terrifying noise caused Jimi to shout, 'Hey guys, what's that noise?' The squelch grew louder before the recording cut out and the session came to a halt. No other recording was attempted.
Bleeding Heart Come Down Hard On Me Henry Steingarten Honey Bed Media
Despite initial reports that Fat Mattress had not disbanded, new information surfaced about the group's messy split. Guitarist Noel Redding left for home after suffering what was being called a "nervous breakdown." A spokesman for the Robert Stigwood Organization said, "the American tour could have been worth a million dollars." Meanwhile, Jimmy Leverton of Fat Mattress told Melody Maker "the whole thing got out of hand. It was down to a personal thing within the band. We just couldn't go on."
Fillmore East, New York Two Shows Prior to their two concerts later that evening, Hendrix and his Band Of Gypsys held an afternoon sound check and rehearsal at the Fillmore East. Later that evening, before a sold out crowd of 2,639, Hendrix rang in the New Year and new decade with two unforgettable performances. The evening's festivities opened with a spirited set by the Voices Of East Harlem, an enthusiastic young gospel ensemble. With the anticipation of the sold out Fillmore audience heightened to fever pitch, Hendrix led his trio through a scintillating, seventy-five minute opening performance. None of the eleven songs presented had yet to grace an Experience album. In the place of signature songs like "Purple Haze" and "All Along The Watchtower" were confident renditions of "Izabella" and "Hear My Train A Comin'". At midnight, Kip Cohen, the venue's master of ceremonies, rang in the new year and decade buffeted by Guy Lombardo's "Auld Lang Syne". Never one to be upstaged, Jimi and company greeted the joyous house with their own inspired reading of the holiday staple. For Amalie Rothschild, the Fillmore East's house photographer, the experience was an unforgettable one. "Then there was the countdown at midnight. It was the countdown that was a real scream. We're talking about the end of the Sixties. December 31, 1969 turning into January 1, 1970–.A new decade. This was significant. After all, we were living through it and we knew that the Sixties were the Sixties. We had this big countdown on the [Joshua White] light show screen with this big clock 10, 9, 8, 7, 6…and everybody is yelling together. Then the light show screen pulls up and everybody is on stage–all the crew and the musicians. Hendrix, who is now on stage, launches into this amazing rendition of 'Auld Lang Syne' and I filmed it [excerpts of Rothschild's color film footage can be seen in the VHS/DVD Band Of Gypsys]. This was history in the making. You could not miss this. His performance was just so inspired. It was just terrific and I can't find the words to describe it." The recordings which make up both Band Of Gypsys and its two disc sequel Live At The Fillmore East certainly bear out Rothschild's remembrances. Jimi's celebrated work with the Band Of Gypsys stands among his most impressive and lasting achievements. After the show, Ian Dove of Record Mirror interviewed Jimi Hendrix for the January 10, 1970 edition of the British paper. Later that night, Hendrix retreated to The Café Caliph (previously known as The Café Au Go Go) in Greenwich Village where he joined The James Cotton Blues Band on stage for a jam.
Band of Gypsys Events Fillmore East hear my train a comin' Izabella Voices Of East Harlem


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- Saint Andrews, South Carolina (SC) 1.51 mi / 2.43 km
- Irmo, South Carolina (SC) 4.17 mi / 6.71 km
- West Columbia, South Carolina (SC) 4.79 mi / 7.7 km
- Columbia, South Carolina (SC) 6.23 mi / 10.03 km
- Lexington, South Carolina (SC) 7.55 mi / 12.15 km
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Book in advance to save up to 40% on 8 seater car rental Saint Andrews
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Columbia Metropolitan Airport - South Carolina [CAE]
6.81 mi / 10.95 km
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Get a Free quote and design service from us today.
We can install artificial fake grass for gardens to create a low maintenance area for domestic households and commercial gardens. The installation of synthetic turf or 'fake' grass as it's sometimes called is becoming increasing popular in domestic and commercial gardens in the UK.
There are a number of reasons for this including the British weather. The weather in the UK is not the greatest at the best of the time leaving natural grass areas wet and muddy and gardens unusable. The benefits of installing an fake lawn surfacing include having a SUDS compliant surface that is useable in all weathers and all year round.
To receive some product sheets and more details on the costs of synthetic garden lawn near me, please fill in our quick enquiry box so we can get back to you. Make sure you send us as many details as you can with regards to your enquiry so we may offer you tailored advice and an accurate quote.
Artificial lawns are permeable meaning water can drain through. Part of the reason behind this is the fake lawns porous sub base build up. A typical sub base build up for an artificial garden begins with excavating the existing muddy area then laying geotextile to the entire area before edging the area, once this is completed a compacted layer of MOT Type 1 stone is laid before a screed of sand is placed down with the fake astroturf surface on top. This ground build up provides you with a permeable synthetic lawn system that is free draining, meaning water can pass through the system appropriately in to the sub strata instead of causing muddy puddle build ups on the lawns surface. As we are specialist turf lawn suppliers we may advise you on all of the different options so you can choose a design which suits your budget. Other benefits of choosing to replace a natural turf area with synthetic grass one is that there is low maintenance, for example synthetic turf garden lawns do not require any watering or mowing. Find out more information here http://artificialgrass-syntheticturf.co.uk/garden-grass/fake-garden-lawn-suppliers/ or speak to our professionals today.
Artificial leisure grass is a type of synthetic surface which is made to look like natural turf. Artificial leisure grass is suitable for children and is pet friendly. A number of nearby domestic and commercial establishments have synthetic leisure carpet installed for gardens to make the area look natural. One great thing about this type of surfacing is that minimal maintenance is required, as you will not need to cut or water the astroturf. The leisure turf is also permeable meaning that water can drain through easily and the surface will not become muddy or waterlogged.
As fake astroturf surfaces have become more popular in gardens and lawns closest to you , the technology has also advanced. These advancements in turf mean that not only does artificial lawn perform better in wet and wintery weather conditions it has also developed a more natural look and real grass feel whilst being UV stabilised and therefore not discolored by sunlight. It is possible to install fake outdoor carpet for your gardens in your surrounding area, at different depths and pile weight to suit both your requirement and budgets. There is a wide range of depths available including:
It is also possible to get different shades of green and even beige synthetic fake astroturf stands in your pile to make your garden turf look more natural as well as allowing you to personalize the look of your lawn. There is a large range of artificial grass available to match any specification and designs ideas you may have. In addition to recreational lawn surfaces, synthetic astroturf is being used a lot for outdoor MUGA sport facilities because it's a lot easier for schools and local clubs to look after compared with natural turf. It is important that you use the right supplier and installer who have obtained all the necessary certificates and accreditations in this specialised field. You can find out more regarding MUGA sport facilities here - http://artificialgrass-syntheticturf.co.uk/muga-pitch/muga-pitch-surfaces/ or fill out the contact form provided to speak to our experts.
There are a range of artificial grass garden designs we can produce for you that can be constructed to fit your requirements. As experts we can create bespoke designs from the artificial lawn surfaces that we supply. Each lawn we work with is a different shape and size which means we'll need to tailor our turf to fit your current area. Synthetic grass can look good with all homes as it looks natural and fitting with the surrounding areas which can mean that you can always find a suitable design for your home or facility. To find out more information on astroturf for gardens and lawns including costs and prices please do not hesitate to contact us or click here - http://artificialgrass-syntheticturf.co.uk/ to find out everything you need to know.
A number of people have started to think about getting astroturf installed for their front and back yards. We provide you with more details on artificial fake grass for gardens if necessary, so please do not hesitate to get in touch with us using the enquiry form on this page.


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S12 Wearable Electric Breast Pump
The S12 electric breast pump is a wearable electric pump that can be used to pump breast milk. But how do you decide which one is right for you? Let's look at the features and cost of this product. Here are some pros and cons of this device. Read on to learn how it compares to other models. It's quiet and perfect for evenings out with your partner.
S12 Wearable Single Electric Breast Pump
The S12 single-use electric breast pump is a great option for new moms. It is lightweight, portable, and wireless. The pump is silent and has three modes: massage, pump, and automatic. It also has a smart memory chip and an automatic shutoff timer that lasts 20 minutes. It has a wide variety of benefits and features to help you get the most from breast feeding.
The Hands-Free Rechargeable Breast Pump comes with a USB charging cable, silicone shield, and pump motor. The pump has a single knob control for speed and vacuum settings. The pump comes with a carry tote and a contoured ice pack. The tote holds up to four breast milk bottles. The pump is also convenient to carry, with a USB charging cable.
The S12 Wearable Electronic Breast Pump is one the most recent innovations in pumping technology. It is wireless and lightweight, and features an LCD display to make the pumping experience as comfortable and efficient as possible. The pump comes with two breastmilk storage bags, which are firmly adsorbent on the breasts of different sizes. The LED light makes pumping less annoying.
The S12 is a single electric breast pump with 9 suction levels and 2 modes for convenience and efficiency. The pump's LCD display makes it easy to monitor suction settings. It also features a memory function, which can prove to be very useful in the future. It comes with all the accessories needed to pump breast milk. It is silent and allows mothers to work or play simultaneously. The S12 has a battery life of up to a year. It is also easy to clean, and comes with a three-year warranty.
The S12 wearable electric breast pump is a revolutionary addition to the world of baby feeding and breastfeeding. Designed with moms in mind, this single-function device is small, hands-free, and silent. Milky Monsters, Concord, California is currently selling it. To learn more about the S12 Wearable Electric Breast Pump, read on! Let's take a look at its design.
This wearable electric breast pump features a smart memory chip which remembers settings that you have set the last time you used it. The breast pump is skin-friendly and free of BPA. It also comes with 2 breastmilk storage bags. It is also equipped with silicone shields that firmly adsorb onto breasts of different sizes. It works quietly and has a closed system to stop milk from returning to the pump.
The S12 wearable electric breast pump is the latest innovation in the world of pumping. This wireless, lightweight device makes pumping easier and more comfortable than ever before. Its LED screen and memory function help you set the right suction level and ensure the best possible comfort and ease. The S12 wearable breast pumps are easy to use, unlike other pumps that require cords.
Where to buy
When you're looking for a wearable electric breast pump, consider the S12 wearable pump from Milky Monsters. The wireless, battery-operated wireless pump is discreet and can be worn in your nursing bra. The pump has three modes of operation: low-intensity, medium-intensity, and high-intensity. With its large LCD screen and battery life of up to six hours, the S12 is perfect for multitasking while pumping milk.
The S12 Wearable Electric Breast Pump is available online in several different stores, but eBay is the best option for most consumers. eBay is a good place to buy used breast pumps because they come with a money-back guarantee. If you aren't satisfied with your purchase, you can find refurbished pumps on eBay. The S12 Wearable Electronic Breast Pump is available for as low as $199 and an approximate retail price between $99 and $179.