text:
The Kitchen House
There was a strong smell of smoke, and new fear fueled me. Now on the familiar path, I raced ahead, unmindful of my daughter behind me, trying to keep up. My legs were numb, unused to this speed, and my lungs felt as though they were scorched. I forbade myself to think I was too late and focused all my strength on moving toward home.
Foolishly, I misjudged, and meaning to take a shortcut to the stream, I swerved from the path to dash through the trees. To my horror, I found myself trapped.
I pulled to free my long blue skirts from the blackberry brambles that ensnared me. As I ripped my way out, Elly caught up to me. She attached herself to my arm, sobbing and trying to hold me back. Though a seven-year- old is no match for a grown woman, she fought fiercely, with strength fostered by her own terror. In my frenzy, I pushed her to the ground. She stared at me with disbelieving eyes.
"Stay here," I begged, and raced back down the path until I reached the stream. I meant to cross over by stepping on the rocks in the shallow water, but I didn't remove my shoes, which was a mistake. Halfway over, I slipped on the river stones, and with a splash, I fell. The cold water shocked me, and for a moment I sat stunned, water bubbling by, until I looked up and recognized our smokehouse on the other side of the stream. The gray building reminded me that I was close to home. I rose, my skirts soaked and heavy, and scrambled my way across the water by clinging to the jutting rocks.
At the base of the hill, I leaned forward to breathe, gasping for air. Somehow Elly had reached my side again, and this time she clung like a kitten to my wet skirts. I was terrified of what she might see, but it was too late now, so I grasped her hand, and together we crested the bluff. There, I froze. Elly saw it, too, and whimpered; her hand slipped from mine as she sat on the ground. I moved forward slowly, as though in a dream.
Our massive oak tree stood at the top of the hill, its lush green leaves shading the thick branch that bore the weight of the hanging body. I refused to look up again after I caught sight of the green headscarf and the handmade shoes that pointed down.
Chapter One
In that spring of 1791, I did not understand that the trauma of loss had taken my memory. I knew only that after I woke, wedged between crates and bags, I was terror-stricken to discover that I did not know where I was, nor could I recall my name. I was frail after months of rough travel, and when the man lifted me from the wagon, I clung to his broad shoulders. He was having none of that and easily pulled my arms loose to set me down. I began to cry and reached back up for him, but he pushed me instead toward the old Negro male who was hurrying toward us.
"Jacob, take her," the man said. "Give her to Belle. She's hers for the kitchen."
"Yes, Cap'n." The old man kept his eyes low.
"James! James, you're home!"
A woman's call! Hopeful, I stared up at the enormous house in front of me. It was made of clapboard and painted white, and a wide porch framed the full length of the front. Towering columns circled with vines of green and violet wisteria stood on either side of the broad front steps, and the air was thick with the fragrance this early April morning.
"James, why didn't you send word?" the woman sang out into the morning mist.
Hands on his hips, the man leaned back for a better view. "I warn you, wife. I've come home for you. Best come down before I come up."
Above, at a window that appeared open to the floor, she laughed, a figure of white froth capped by billowing auburn hair.
"Oh no, James. You stay away until you've been washed."
"Mrs. Pyke. Prepare yourself," he shouted, and bounded over the threshold. Inside, he continued to shatter the peace. "Where is everyone?" I heard him call. "I'm home!"
At a run, I began to follow, but the dark old man caught my arm and held me. When I fought him, he lifted me up, and I screamed in terror. Swiftly, he carried me to the back of the house. We were high on a hill, and out farther, lesser hills surrounded us. A horn blasted, frightening me further, and I began to hit at my captor. He shook me firmly. "You stop this now!" I stared at him, at his foreign dark brown skin that contrasted so with his white hair, and his dialect so strange that I scarcely understood. "What you fightin' me for?" he asked. I was exhausted by it all and dropped my head on the man's thin shoulder. He continued on to the kitchen house.
"Belle?" the old man called. "Belle?"
"Uncle Jacob? Come in," a feminine voice called, and the wooden door creaked as he pushed it open with his foot.
Uncle Jacob slid me to my feet while a young woman came slowly down the stairs, then came forward, quickly tying a band of green calico around a thick braid of glossy black hair. Her large green eyes grew wide in disbelief as she took me in. I was comforted to see that she was not as foreign-looking as the man who had brought me to her, for though her light brown skin still differed from mine, her facial features more resembled my own.
Uncle Jacob spoke. "The cap'n send this chil' to you. He say she for the kitchen house."
"What's that man thinking? Can'the see she's white?" The woman sank in front of me and turned me around. "You been sick?" She wrinkled her nose. "I've got to burn these clothes. You nothing but bones. You wanting something to eat?" She pried my thumb from my mouth and asked if I could speak. I could find no voice and looked around, trying to place myself.
Belle went to the enormous fireplace that stretched the length of the room. There she poured steaming milk into a wooden mug. When she held it to my mouth, I choked on the milk, and my body began an involuntary tremor. I vomited, then I passed out.
I awoke on a pallet in an upstairs room, too frightened to move after realizing that I still had no memory. My head ached, but when I rubbed it, I withdrew my hands in shock. My long hair had been cut short.
I had been scrubbed pink, and my skin was tender under the coarse brown shirt that covered me. My stomach turned from the scent of unfamiliar food rising up the open stairway from the kitchen below. My thumb pacified me, and I soothed myself as I studied the room. Clothes hung from pegs on the wall, and a pole bed stood off to one side with a small plain chest next to it. Sun streamed through a window, open and undraped, and from the outdoors came the sudden peal of a child's laughter. It rang familiar, and forgetting all else, I sprang to the window. The brightness stung so that I needed both hands to shade my eyes. First all I saw was rolling green, but below the window, I saw a path. It cut past a large fenced-in garden and led to a log house where, on steps, sat two small dark brown girls. They were watching a scene up toward the big house. I leaned out farther and saw a towering oak. From a thick low branch, a little girl on a swing sang out to a boy behind her.
When he pushed the swing, the little girl, all blue and blond, squealed. The tall boy laughed. There it was again! A laugh I recognized. Driven by hope, I ran down the wooden stairs, out the open door of the kitchen, and up the hill to them. The boy pulled the swing to a stop, and the two gaped at me. Both had deep blue eyes, and both exuded vibrant health.
"Who are you? Where did you come from?" the boy asked, his yellow hair glinting in the bright light.
I could only stare back, dumb in my disappointment. I did not know him.
"I'm Marshall," the boy tried again, "and this is my sister, Sally."
"I'm four," said Sally, "how old are you?" She tapped the air with her blue shoes and peeked out at me from under the flopping brim of a white bonnet.
I couldn't find a voice to answer, so I felt a rush of gratitude for Marshall when he pulled the attention away from me by jiggling the swing. "How old am I?" he asked his sister.
"You're two," said Sally, trying to poke at him with her foot.
"No, I'm not." Marshall laughed. "I'm eleven."
"No, you're two," teased Sally, enjoying a familiar game.
Suddenly, I was swooped up in Belle's arms. "Come back in," she said sharply, "you stay with me."
Inside the kitchen house, Belle set me on a corner pallet opposite a dark brown woman who was suckling a baby. I stared, hungry at the intimacy. The mother looked at me and although her face was young, she had deep lines around her eyes.
"What your name?" she asked. When I didn't answer, she continued, "This be my baby, Henry," she said, "and I his mama, Dory."
The baby suddenly pulled back from her breast and gave a high shrill cry. I jammed my thumb into my mouth and shrank back.
Not knowing what was expected of me, I stayed put on a pallet in the kitchen. In those first days, I studied Belle's every move. I had no appetite, and when she insisted that I eat, my stomach emptied
violently. Each time I was sick, it meant another cleaning. As Belle's frustration with me grew, so did my fear of upsetting her. At night I slept on a pallet in a corner of Belle's upstairs room. On the second night, unable to sleep, I went to stand at Belle's bedside, comforted by the sound of her soft night breathing.
I must have frightened her, for when she woke, she shouted at me to get back to my own bed. I scurried back, more afraid than ever.
The dark haunted me, and with each passing night I sank further into loss. My head throbbed with the struggle of trying to remember something of myself. Thankfully, relief from my sorrow came just before sunup, when the roosters and the horn called everyone to rise. Then another woman, Mama Mae, joined Belle in the kitchen. The two women worked easily together, but I soon sensed that, though Belle was in charge of the kitchen, Mama Mae was in charge of Belle. Mama Mae was a woman of size, though nothing about her was soft. She was a sober woman who moved like a current, and her quickness made it plain that she did not suffer idleness. She gripped a corncob pipe between her tobacco-stained teeth. It was seldom lit, though she chewed the stem, and after time I decided that it served the same purpose to her that my thumb did to me. I might have been more frightened of her had she not given me an early benediction of her smile. Then her dark brown face, her flat features, and her black eyes wrinkled into kindness.
In the days that followed, I no longer tried to eat, and slept most of the time. On the morning Mama Mae examined me, Belle watched from across the room. "She's just being stubborn. When I get her to eat, she just brings it up, so now I'm only giving her water. She'll get hungry soon enough," Belle said.
Mama held my face in her strong hand. "Belle!" she said sharply. "This chil' not fightin' you. She too sick. You got to get her to eat, or you gonna lose her."
"I don't know why the cap'n give her to me. I got enough work."
"Belle, you ever think maybe when I first find out they movin' you to the kitchen house, I think that way 'bout you?"
"Well, I sure wasn't making a mess, throwing up all over you."
"No, but you was 'bout the same age, maybe six, seven years at the time. And you was born and raised here, and you still carried on," Mama Mae scolded.
Belle was silent, but following that, she was less brusque with me.
Later that day, Mama Mae killed a chicken. She made a broth for me, and for the first time my stomach tolerated something other than water. After some days of this healing liquid, I began to eat and then to retain solid food. When I became more alert again, Belle began to quiz me. Finally, summoning all of my courage, I managed to convey that I had no memory. Whether it was my foreign accent or Belle's surprise at my information, I do not know, but she stared at me, disbelieving. To my enormous relief, she didn't question me further. Then, just as things began to settle, Belle and I were called to the big house.
Belle was nervous. She fussed at me with a comb until, in frustration, she finally wrapped my head in a scarf to cover the chopped mess that was my hair. I was dressed in a fresh brown shirt that fell below my knees, over which Belle tied a white apron that she had stitched hastily from a kitchen cloth.
"Don't suck your thumb." Belle pulled my swollen finger from my mouth. She stooped down to my level and forced me to meet her eyes. "When she ask you anything, you say, 'yes, ma'am.' That's all you say: 'yes, ma'am.' Do you understand?"
I understood little of what was expected, but I nodded, eager to still Belle's anxiety.
I followed closely behind Belle on the brick path that led us up to the back porch. Uncle Jacob nodded solemnly while holding open the door. "Clean those feet," he said.
I stopped to brush fine dirt and sand from my bare feet, then felt the smoothness of the highly polished wood as I stepped across the threshold. Far ahead, the front door was open, and a light breeze swept down the long hallway, past me, and out the open back door. That first morning I did not note the mahogany highboy standing sentry in the hall; nor did I see the tall blue and white tulipier, displayed proudly as the latest expense from across the sea. I remember very clearly, though, the terror I felt as I was led to the dining room.
"Well! Here they are!" the captain's voice boomed.
At the sight of me, little Sally squealed, "Look, Marshall! It's that girl from the kitchen. Can I play with her, Mama?"
"You stay away from her," the woman said, "she looks sick. James! Whatever . . ."
"Steady, Martha. I had no choice. The parents died, and they owed me passage. Either she came with me, or I had to indenture her out. She was sick. I would have got nothing for her."
"Was she alone?"
"No, she had a brother, but he was easy enough to place."
"Why'd you put her in the kitchen house?" Marshall asked.
"What else could I do?" his father replied. "She has to be trained for some use."
"But why with her!" Marshall nodded toward Belle.
"That's enough, son," the captain said, waving me forward. "Come here, come here." Though now clean-shaven and dressed as a gentleman, I recognized him as the one who had lifted me from the wagon. He was not a tall man, but his overall size and his loud voice put forth a large presence. His gray hair was tied in the back, and his deep blue eyes peered at us over spectacles.
The captain looked past me. "How are you, Belle?" he asked.
"Fine, Cap'n," she replied softly.
"You look fine," he said, and his eyes smiled at her.
"Of course she's fine, James, why wouldn't she be fine? Look at her. Such a beautiful girl. She wants for nothing, head of a kitchen at her young age, and practically owning her own fine house. You have your pick of beaus, don't you, Belle?" The woman spoke quickly in a high voice, leaning her elbow on the table as she pulled repeatedly at an escaped strand of her red hair. "Don't you, Belle? Don't they come and go?" she asked insistently.
"Yes, ma'am." Belle's voice was strained.
"Come, come," the captain interrupted, and again waved me forward. Closer to him, I focused on the deep lines that creased his weathered face when he smiled. "Are you helping in the kitchen?" he asked.
"Yes, ma'am," I croaked, anxious to follow Belle's instruction.
The room exploded in laughter, though I saw that the boy, Marshall, did not laugh.
"She said 'yes, ma'am' to you, Daddy." Sally giggled.
The captain chuckled. "Do I look like a 'ma'am' to you?"
Uncertain of my answer, for I did not understand this unfamiliar form of address, I anxiously nodded. Again there was laughter.
Suddenly, the captain turned, and his voice boomed. "Fanny! Beattie! Slow down, you'll blow us out of the room.
It was then I noticed the two small dark-skinned girls and remembered them from the first day when they had been seated on the steps of the cabin. Through kitchen conversation, I had learned that they were Mama Mae's six-year-old twins. Now they stood on the other side of the table, each pulling a cord. The cords were attached to a large fan suspended from the ceiling that, when pulled, flapped over the dining room table like the wing of a gigantic butterfly, thereby creating a draft. With the excitement of the laughter, their enthusiasm was overventilating the room, but after the shout from the captain, their dark eyes grew solemn and their pulling slowed.
The captain turned back. "Belle," he said, "you've done well. You've kept her alive." He glanced down at some papers before him and spoke directly to me after skimming a page. "Let's see. You'll soon be seven years old. Is that right?"
I didn't know.
In the silence, Sally chirped up, "I'm four years old."
"That will do, Sally," Martha said. She sighed, and the captain winked at his wife. When he removed his spectacles to better study me, I felt faint under his scrutiny. "Don't you know your age? Your father was a schoolteacher, didn't he teach you numbers?"
My father? I thought. I have a father?
"When you feel stronger, I want you to work in the kitchen," he said. "Can you do that?"
My chest ached, and I was finding it difficult to breathe, but I nodded.
"Good," he said, "then we'll keep you here until you've grown." He paused. "Do you have any questions?"
My need to know surpassed my terror. I leaned closer to him.
"My name?" I managed to whisper.
"What? What do you mean, your name?" he asked.
Belle spoke quickly. "She don't know her name."
The captain looked at Belle as though for an explanation. When none was forthcoming, he looked down again at the papers before him. He coughed before he answered. "It says here your name is Lavinia. Lavinia McCarten."
I clung to the information as though it were a life raft. I don't remember leaving the room, but I surfaced on a pallet in the kitchen to overhear Uncle and Belle discussing the captain. He was leaving again in the morning, Belle said, and she was expecting a visit from him that evening.
"You gonna ask for those papers?" Uncle Jacob questioned.
Belle didn't answer.
"You tell him that you needs them now. Miss Martha got her eye on you. The cap'n know she take the black drops, but he don't know that she drink the peach liquor with it. You gettin' more pretty by the day, and after all that drinkin', when Miss Martha pick up that mirror, she see that she lookin' more than her thirty years. She out to get you, and time goes on, it only get worse."
Belle's usual determined voice was subdued. "But Uncle, I don't want to go. This place my home. You all my family."
"Belle, you know you got to go," he said.
Their conversation ended when Uncle Jacob saw my open eyes. "Well, well, well. Lil Abinya wake up," he said.
Belle came over to me. "Lavinia," she said, pushing my hair from my forehead, "that name sounds like you."
I stared at her, then turned my face away. I was more lost than ever, for I felt no connection to that name.
The next evening I was sent home with Mama Mae. I didn't want to leave the kitchen house, but Belle insisted. Mama said that her twins, Fanny and Beattie, the two girls I had seen working the fan, would be there with me. On the walk over, Mama Mae held my hand and pointed out how the kitchen house was just a short distance from her own small cabin.
Fanny and Beattie were there to greet us. I hung back, wanting to stay next to Mama Mae, but the girls were eager for a new playmate. They drew me into a corner of the small cabin to a shelf that had been carved into one of the logs, where their treasures were kept.
The taller of the two, Fanny was the leader, with her mother's quick eyes and direct speech; her arms and legs were like those of a colt. Beattie was short and plump, pretty already, with a broad smile emphasized by two deep dimples.
"Look," Fanny instructed me as she withdrew toys from the shelf. She handed down a doll-size table with two chairs, constructed of small twigs held together with bits of animal sinew. Beattie showed me her doll, then offered it to me to hold. I grabbed for it with such hunger that Beattie hesitated until her generous spirit won out and she released it. "Mama make her," she said with pride, looking back to Mama Mae.
I gripped Beattie's prize, my heart pierced with longing. The doll was made of rough brown cloth; her eyes were stitched in black thread, while black wool stood out in braids. I fingered the doll's shirt, styled like the one the twins and I wore. She wore a red apron, and I recognized it as the same fabric as Mama Mae's head scarf.
As dark descended, Dory and baby Henry joined us. They had frequently visited the kitchen house, here I had learned that Dory was Mama Mae's eldest daughter. I liked Dory well enough, for she left me alone, but I wasn't fond of the baby with his harsh cry.
Although distracted by the girls and their play, I kept a close eye on Mama's reassuring presence. When the door suddenly opened, a huge dark bear of a man stood framed against the even blacker night sky. I flew to Mama's side. Fanny and Beattie scrambled to their feet and ran to the man, who scooped them up. "Papa!" they cried. After he released them, they went back to their play, and with Mama's encouragement, I joined them.
"Evenin', Dory." The man's voice was so deep, he might have been underground, and when he paused by baby Henry's mama, his large hand covered the top of her head. "How your lil one doin'?
"Not so good, Papa," Dory answered, not looking up from the bench where she sat nursing her infant. The child fussed when she gently pulled his swollen hands out to show her father. "When his hands get big like this, he cry all the time," she said.
Her father leaned down and, with a knuckle, gently stroked the baby's cheek. When he straightened, he sighed and then took a few giant strides across the floor to Mama Mae. The girls giggled and hid their eyes when their father reached for Mama, pulling her to him and playfully nuzzling her neck. "George!" Mama laughed, then shooed him off. When he stepped back, he caught my eye and nodded at me. I quickly turned away.
Belle was expecting a visitor, Mama Mae said to the man, as though to explain my presence, and the pair exchanged a look before Mama Mae turned back to the fireplace. She scooped out stew from a black pot that hung over the open fire, and Papa set the filled wooden bowls on the narrow table. Then she brushed the coals from the top lid of another black iron pot that was nestled in hot ash, and from it she removed a steaming round corn cake, browned to crispness around the edges.
The three adults pulled up small stools to the table, and Fanny and Beattie had me stand between them as they began to eat. But everything felt strange, and I wanted the familiarity of the kitchen house. With no appetite, I studied the food, and when Mama instructed me to eat, I began to cry.
"Come here, Abinia," she said, and after I went to her, she hoisted me onto her lap. "Chil', you got to eat. You need some meat on them bones. Here, I dip this into the gravy for you, and you eat so you get strong as Mama."
The twins laughed. "You treatin' her just like a baby, Mama," Fanny said.
"Well," Mama said, "maybe she my new baby, and I got to feed her. Now you open your mouth, lil baby." I so wanted her mothering that I ate the corn bread she dipped into the thick ham gravy. She continued to feed me as she spoke of the captain leaving and how Miss Martha's nerves were running over again.
Dory said she had to go back up to the big house tonight, no telling what Miss Martha would do when the captain left in the morning. Mama Mae said how she wished she could go stay with Miss Martha so Dory could stay with baby Henry.
Dory answered with a deep sigh, "You know it's me she be wantin'," and Mama agreed.
We had almost finished the meal when we heard muffled voices from the outside. Papa George began to rise, and my stomach clenched when Mama quickly set me aside. "No, George!" she said standing. "Me and Dory go. Won't do nobody no good to throw another man in this stewpot."
I heard footsteps coming at a run, and when the door flew open, Belle came in gasping for air. Her green head rag was missing, and her usual night braid was undone. Mama Mae pulled Belle inside before she and Dory rushed out. Belle leaned against the wall, panting, then straightened herself before walking over to the table, where she sat across from Papa.
Belle said, "She comes down after him this time. She never do that before. And Marshall, he comes with her. When she sees the new comb and the book he gives me, she takes them up and throws them at me. That starts Marshall pushing and hitting on me. The cap'n grabs him and sends him out the door, but then Miss Martha starts crying and hitting on him. He says, 'Martha, Martha, get ahold of yourself,' but she's so worked up, he tells me to go get Mama." Belle put her elbows on the table and rested her head in her hands.
Papa shook his head. "Did you ask for the free papers?" he asked. Belle spoke through her fingers. "He says I'll get them next summer."
The air clicked with Papa's anger, and when he stood, he pushed back the table with such force that two of the wooden bowls flew to the floor. "Next year! Next year! Always the next time! Something's gonna happen here if he don't get you those papers!"
When the door closed behind him, I was more surprised than anyone that my supper came up without warning. With it, though, I felt some relief, as my involuntary action seemed to refocus Belle and steady her while she cleaned me.
The twins watched from their pallet, the sleeping baby Henry beside them. After Belle finished with me, she set me with them, then straightened the room. When everything was in order, Belle came to us, eased the sleeping baby into her arms, and nodded for me to join her. We were all startled to hear a loud thunking sound from outside, but as it continued, Fanny identified the source. "Papa choppin' his wood again," she whispered.
When we left for Belle's house, white moonlight offered only shadow on the far side of the cabin where Papa worked.
"Papa?" Belle called softly. "Papa?"
The pounding stopped.
"Papa, don'tworry.
I'll get the papers," she said into the silence.
The Kitchen House
- Genres: Fiction, Historical Fiction
- paperback: 384 pages
- Publisher: Touchstone


text:
Want to Generate Energy? Go Fly a Kite
November 12, 2012
More than 200 years ago, Benjamin Franklin advanced the research of electricity by flying a kite. Now, a German company is taking a slightly different tack on that old idea by using kites to generate energy.
Nature Technology Systems (NTS) GbH has designed a principle based on the same elements of energy output, speed, and consistency used in wind turbines, according to the company. The result is a method that uses clusters of kites to form an aerial power station 1,000 feet to 2,000 feet in the air that produces energy on the ground.
The system, which NTS is testing in collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA in Stuttgart, works like this: The kites fly at high altitudes, where there are strong winds, on a tether of cables about 2,000 feet in length that's connected to vehicles on the ground, said Joachim Montnacher, an engineer at the IPA, in a press release. Those vehicles are pulled around a circuit on rails, producing kinetic energy that is then turned into electricity by a generator. The vehicles include the control and measuring mechanisms for the energy generated.
Specifically, the kites generate the energy through buoyancy achieved when a kite flies in high wind speed, according to NTS. Anyone who has ever flown a kite will know that the pull of the kite increases the faster the kite flies. NTS's design of the system allows the kite to surpass a buoyancy of about 110 lb/22 ft. "So when we fly a 20m2 (215 ft) sized kite it will be able to drag and lift up to 1 ton in weight," the company explained on its Website.
NTS insists its kite energy farms are more efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly than wind turbines. Because typical wind turbine rotors max out at a height of about 650 feet, they can't take advantage of winds at higher elevations, which are stronger. "Depending on wind conditions, eight kites with a combined surface area of up to 300 square meters (about 3,200 feet) can equate to 20 conventional 1 megawatt wind turbines, Montnacher said.
The kites also avoid material and financial investment in wind turbine infrastructure, which has more of an impact on the environment.
NTS will continue to test its kite system and will reveal its findings and seek feedback from the energy industry once these tests are complete, the company said.
The Germans aren't the only ones taking to the skies to find new and different ways to use wind and air currents to create alternative sources of energy. The US military recently tested a method to fly aircraft in formation that would promote fuel efficiency by using vortex surfing, a technique similar to what bicycle racers and migrating birds do when they cluster together to draft off each other.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
DIY hardware company Adafruit Industries recently offered a $3,000 bounty to encourage the development of open source drivers for Microsoft's Kinect motion control camera. Developer Hector Martin claimed the prize this week and has published his source code under the terms of the GPL in a public git repository.
Martin's implementation includes code for initializing the camera, capturing live video, and processing depth. He has also created a simple OpenGL visualization to demonstrate that the driver works properly. This has been verified by independent testing conducted by other developers. The project is still at an early stage of development, however, and will require further refinement before it is feature-complete. Some documentation bundled with the source code says that tapping into the device's audio could prove difficult due to several factors, including a cryptographic signature mechanism.
Microsoft is not amused by the open source software community's effort to build its own Kinect drivers. The company says that it doesn't condone reverse engineering and has vowed to use technical and legal measures to prevent unauthorized third parties from repurposing the Kinect camera.
Martin intends to use the $3,000 prize to purchase equipment for additional hardware hacking. In addition to handing over $3,000 to the winner, Adafruit has also donated an additional $2,000 to the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), citing the important role that the EFF plays in defending hardware hackers.
Microsoft not amused by open source Kinect drivers


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When you request products or services, we will ask you to provide only the information that enables us to complete your request, to provide better service or to offer you products and services we believe you might be interested in.
Information About You Information essential for fulfilling most financial requests and applications includes:
Information establishing your identity, such as your name, address, phone number, title, business phone number, email address, date of birth, social insurance number or social security number (for tax purposes), and account numbers. Information related to transactions arising from your relationship with and through us, and from other financial institutions. Information you provide on an application for the provision of our products and services, such as your annual income, place of employment, investments, account balance, financial liabilities, transaction history. Information about financial behaviour such as your payment history and credit worthiness. Information about your health may be collected for insurance products and services. Information pertaining to business clients will include your business name, address, phone number, email address, industry type, financial status and detail(s) on the owner(s), operator(s) and director(s). Additional information may be requested to help us determine your eligibility for products and services that we offer. Why do we do it?
We collect, use and disclose personal information in order to provide you with the products and services that will help you to meet all of your financial goals. Knowing you helps us to understand your wealth management needs, communicate effectively with you and provide you with suitable services and products. Specifically, we collect, use and disclose your personal information to:
verify your identity determine your eligibility for IPC products and services, and for products that may be of interest to you from business partners with whom we have formed an association, and offering to you these products and services manage our risks and operations; analyze the suitability of our products or services for you analyze the suitability of our products services for you provide you with ongoing services, establish and maintain communications, and to respond to your inquiries determine prices, fees and premiums investigate and settle claims detect and prevent fraud compile statistics, conduct market research and report to regulatory and industry agencies investigate specific transactions or patterns of transactions to detect unauthorized or illegal activities comply with our legal and regulatory requirements If we have your social insurance number or social security number, we may use it for tax related purposes if you hold a product generating income and share it with the appropriate government agencies. We may also share it with credit reporting agencies as an aid to identify you.
Personal information may be collected, used or disclosed for any of these "Identified Purposes" set out above. If your personal information is not needed for one of the Identified Purposes, we will not use or disclose it without obtaining additional consent from you.
Additional Uses
Where information is captured or stored electronically, for the Identified Purposes set out above, we may rely on third party vendors who are located outside of Canada. IPC is at all times accountable for your personal information and will ensure that security safeguards and appropriate contractual provisions are in place in order to help protect your personal information from unauthorized access. IPC is a subsidiary of IGM Financial Inc. ("IGM"). IPC may disclose your personal financial information to IGM, its employees and employees of its subsidiary corporations for the purposes set out above as well as for purposes related to financial reporting, legal affairs, complying with internal audits, facilitating anti-fraud measures and to periodically assist IPC in completing audits of its branch locations. We may communicate with you through various channels including telephone, computer or mail using the contact information you have provided. With your consent, we may use your information to promote our products and services and those of third parties that we select, which we believe you will be interested in. Note that sensitive information such as health records will never, under any circumstances, be shared or used for a purpose other than that of the original intent. How do we do it?
The collection, use and disclosure of your personal information depends on how you do business with us. We may gather information from the following sources:
from you, on applications for our insurance, banking and investment products, or on other forms filled out through telephone, email or face-to-face interviews, such as your name, address, telephone number, email address, occupation, financial and banking information, and health information from licensed agents, insurance brokers, intermediaries and financial services representatives with whom you have a relationship, as well as adjusters and inspectors from your interactions with us, such as your transaction history and correspondence from government and other entities, such as your claims history from consumer reporting agencies, such as your credit history. If you provide personal information to us or through any of the above sources, you do so with the understanding that your personal information may be disclosed for the Identified Purposes amongst us, the above sources, or third parties and that IPC may verify such information, or obtain additional personal information about you by checking with government agencies, credit bureaus, and other fact collecting and verifying entities to assist us for the Identified Purposes.
Your knowledge and consent are required before we may collect, use or disclose your personal information, except in special circumstances, such as during a fraud investigation, an investigation by the police, or in situations otherwise permitted by the law. If any of the personal information that we collect is sensitive, such as health information, we will obtain additional written or oral consent from you before collecting, using or disclosing the information.
How do you provide us with your consent?
We accept any of the following as your consent for IPC's existing use and future collection, use and disclosure of your personal information for the Identified Purposes:
your receipt of this Personal Information Policy, unless you advise IPC, either orally or in writing, that you do not agree with the terms stated in this policy, and that you wish to opt out of all or portions of it your unrestricted provision of information to IPC, either directly or through licensed agents, insurance brokers, adjusters or financial services representatives your express written or oral consent as obtained through an application process your consent as provided by your authorized representative, such as a legal guardian or power of attorney. In some circumstances, your consent may be implied. For instance:
If you obtain products and/or services for your family or anyone else, you represent that you have obtained consent from them to the collection, use and disclosure of their personal information for the Identified Purposes, even though they might not be present during the application process. If you have existing products and services with us and you request amendments to them, it is assumed that the consent which you gave to us when buying the original products and services remains in effect. How can you withdraw your consent?
You may withdraw your consent at any time upon reasonable notice, subject to legal or contractual restrictions. Please note, however, that withdrawing your consent may affect our ability to continue to provide you with the products and services that you have or would like to receive.
If you wish to withdraw your consent to this information sharing or discuss the implications of such a withdrawal, please contact our Privacy Officer at the address or telephone number listed below. Unless we hear otherwise from you, you are giving to us your consent for the collection, use and disclosure of personal information as provided in this Policy for the Identified Purposes.
Keeping and protecting your personal information
How long do we keep your personal information?
Your personal information is retained only so long as we need it to effectively provide products and services to you, and for a reasonable length of time thereafter in case we need to meet any potential obligations or legal or government requirements. IPC shall use care when storing or destroying your personal information in order to prevent unauthorized access.
How do we protect your personal information?
Whether in electronic or paper-based format, IPC maintains strict security systems to safeguard your personal information from unauthorized access, disclosure or misuse. As well, when we no longer need your personal information, we take as much care to destroy it as we do when storing it.
IPC may transfer your personal information for the purposes identified in this Notice to our service providers, such as account statement preparation and mailing companies, courier companies, imaging companies, and document storage companies. When IPC transfers personal information to our service providers, we ensure by contractual means that the transferred personal information is used only for the purposes for which the service provider is retained and is protected to the same degree as it is when in our possession. We may use service providers located outside of Canada, and where we do, personal information may be disclosed in accordance with the laws of the jurisdiction in which the service provider is located, including to the government in that jurisdiction and its agencies.
Your right to access your personal information
You have a right to access your personal information that we have in our possession or control. You also have a right to know which third parties have received your information from IPC.
In order to access your personal information, please make your request in writing to IPC's Privacy Officer, stating as specifically as possible which personal information you are requesting. We try to respond to such requests as soon as possible, and will advise you if for some reason we cannot respond right away. IPC may charge you a reasonable fee for providing access to your personal information, but only after first advising you of the approximate cost.
In providing you with a list of the organizations to whom we have disclosed any of your information, we will try to be as precise as possible. When it is not possible to provide an exact list of such organizations to which we have actually disclosed your personal information, IPC shall provide a list of organizations to which we may have disclosed the information.
IPC has the right to refuse your request for access to personal information if:
the information is protected by solicitor-client privilege. granting access would reveal confidential commercial information. doing so would reasonably be expected to threaten the life or security of another individual. the information was collected for purposes related to the detection and prevention of fraud. the information was generated in the course of a formal dispute resolution process. the information would likely reveal personal information about another individual. Keeping your information accurate
IPC strives to ensure that the personal information we have on file for you is as accurate and up-to-date as necessary for the Identified Purposes for which it is to be used. If any information needs to be updated or amended to reflect a change in your situation, we make every effort to update our records. IPC shall amend personal information that is materially inaccurate or incomplete and, where appropriate, shall endeavour to advise other parties having access to the information in question.
How to contact us
Updated versions of this Personal Information Policy are posted on IPC's website at www.ipcc.ca, or you can direct any queries about the policy to IPC's Privacy Officer at the telephone, e-mail address or mailing address listed below.
If you have a complaint related to the Personal Information Policy or any of our procedures, contact our Privacy Officer. If your complaint is justified, we will take the steps necessary to resolve the issue, including amending our policy and practices, if necessary.
If we are not able to resolve your concern, or if you have any other concerns about IPC's Personal Information Policy and procedures, you may contact the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada or, if applicable, the provincial privacy commissioner. IPC's Privacy Officer will provide you with this contact information upon request.
For more information, to file a complaint, to make enquiries, or to opt out of all or parts of this Policy, please contact IPC's Privacy Officer:
Address: IPC Privacy Officer 5015 Spectrum Way, Suite 200 Misisissauga, ON, L4W 0E4 Telephone 1-877-212-9799 Fax: (905) 212-7109 Email: email@example.com Website: www.ipcc.ca
The IPC Group of Companies includes IPC Financial Network Inc., Investment Planning Counsel of Canada Limited, IPC Investment Corporation, IPC Securities Corporation, IPC Estate Services Inc., IPC Portfolio Management Ltd., and Counsel Portfolio Services Inc. The IPC Group of Companies is also affiliated with Mackenzie Financial Corporation, Investors Group Inc., Great-West Lifeco Inc. and their respective subsidiary corporations.
For more information about privacy, you may contact the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada or the Office of your provincial Privacy Commissioner if you are resident in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario or Quebec as follows: Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada: www.priv.gc.ca Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Alberta: www.oipc.ab.ca Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia: www.oipc.bc.ca Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario: www.ipc.on.ca Commission d'accès à l'information du Québec: www.cai.gouv.qc.ca Updated: November 10, 2015


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Philly Dilly Mens/Unisex T-Shirt
Bark Tees
Regular price
Printed on a heavy cotton or soft-cotton black t-shirt.
Gildan 6.0 oz., pre-shrunk 100% Heavy cotton t-shirtSOFT COTTON OPTION-
Next Level, Fabric laundeRed, 4.3 oz., 100% combed ringspun cotton
We custom print your orders on demand. To be safe, we say you'll get your order within 7-10 days, but if you are in the Philadelphia area, you will usually receive your order sooner than that time-frame, but we can't guarantee it.
We allow exchanges within a 30 day window after your order, and only if the shirt has not been damaged.
Mens 100% Cotton S/S regular fit | Mens 100% ring-spun Cotton S/S soft-style | Mens Long Sleeve 100% cotton regular fit |
Mens Pullover hoodie 100% Cotton regular fit. | Ladies 100% Cotton S/S regular fit. | Ladies 100% ring-spun cotton S/S junior fit. |
Ladies 100% ring-spun cotton v-neck s/s junior cut. | Kids 100% cotton s/s regular fit. | Toddler 100% Ring-Spun cotton s/s regular fit. |
Infant 100% Ring-Spun cotton s/s onsie. |


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Dani Vitale & BGirlShorty DIY Personalized Shirts + GIVEAWAY!
One of my best friends Shorty (aka B Girl Shorty) was in town for a break off of the Britney Spears Femme Fatale tour and we got together at the BUZZNET offices to make a little DIY video of how we personalize some items of ours! So many blog viewers/twitter pals always ask where we get most of our wardrobe, when I always tell them we do it ourselves! So we thought it would be an awesome idea to share with you all how we do it and what we use.
We got inspired on the Camp Rock 2 Demi Lovato Jonas Brother tour from our amazing wardrobe ladies (shoutout to Pink Mafia & Co.). They would personalize our costumes in such a cool edgy rock way. From there we took it to our everyday and dance clothes. Studding our shoes, purses, wallets, t shirts, jackes, vests etc.
Now, normally a shirt I buy at Target turns into a craft session, never wearing something right off the hanger. What's the point when you can make it one of a kind! Now you can learn how to! Get inspired from what we show you and post some items you made at home and COMMENT TO WIN the Buzznet T-Shirts that Shorty & I designed & personalized! 😀 You have until FRIDAY OCTOBER 14th to enter so keep the comments coming!


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Why Choose Us?
- Over $150,000,000 collected*
- We come to you anywhere in CA!
- Paul is a retired police officer
- Your case will be backed by a firm with over 40yrs combined experience
- We average a 98% success rate for our clients!
- If we don't win – you DON'T pay!
Successful Cases
On the way back from a trip I was stopped for traffic and someone rearended me. I got an injurys to my knee, back, and also my neck. I came to AA Accident Attorneys about 3 days after the accident. I was very happy with how they handled everything and the settlement was the maximum amount that the insurance company would allow. I am very happy with AA Accident Attorneys.
I'd never been in a car accident in my whole life.I had originally hired an attorney, and he had dropped my case. So I came to the Accident Attorneys and they took on my case. They were amazing. They did a really good job. And I didn't have to handle anything. In the end I'm very satisfied with my settlement.
The only people that looked out for me was AA Accident Attorneys. I can never thank you guys enough. I was totally surprised by how much money you guys were able to get for me. I'm really excited about the settlement I got. I couldn't be happier with AA Accident Attorneys!
We found Accident Attorneys, and finding them was probably the best thing that happened to us right then, because we were very well taken care of. They came out to us. We didn't have to go to them. We was very well compensated financially. If I had to recommend an attorney, I would recommend them.
Recent Settlements
$ 2,000,000 from Security Company for Negligent Security Protection Public on Commercial Property.
$ 2,000,000 from Government Entity for Failure to Protect the Welfare of the Public.*
$ 4,000,000 Negligence resulting in burns.*
$ 1,500,000 Recovered for Passenger Involved in an Automobile Accident in San Bernadino County.*
$ 750,000 recover for injured driver involved in auto accident with tractor trailer.*
$15,000,000 from truck accident resulting in brain injury.*
$ 1,850,000 Recovered from Trucking Company for Negligent Hiring related to Auto Accident.*


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LONDON (AP) - A massive, partly fossilised egg laid by a now-extinct elephant bird has sold for more than double its estimate at a London auction.
Christie's auction house said Wednesday that the foot-long, nearly nine-inches in diameter egg fetched 66,675 pounds (S$82,877). It had been valued at 20,000 to 30,000 pounds pre-sale, and was sold to an anonymous buyer over the telephone after about 10 minutes of competitive bidding.
Elephant birds were wiped out several hundred years ago. The oversized ovum, laid on the island of Madagascar, is believed to date back before the 17th century.
Flightless, fruit-gobbling elephant birds resembled giant ostriches and could grow to be 3.4m. Christie's says their eggs are 100 times the size of an average chicken's.


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Post Malone Rap Aesthetic Baby Onesie, Cheap Urban Baby Clothes, Funny Baby Shirts
Post Malone Rap Aesthetic Baby Onesie are very funny for a newborn gift. Maybe you have trouble finding gifts to give to your friends, relatives or even to your own baby.This baby shirt is perfect for a newborn baby with a very funny design and looks very cute. Very comfortable to wear your baby everyday. Many kinds of clothing products in our store, such as t-shirts for women and men, Unisex Hoodie, Unisex Sweatshirt and Baby Clothes. maybe you can also give this baby clothes for gifts for Halloween, Christmas, New Year, birthday or for everyday clothes, whether it's a morning play date or just relaxing at home with mom, she will feel comfortable and cool all day thanks to ribs 100% cotton.
Material Details For This Baby Cloth
Post Malone Rap Aesthetic Baby Onesie are made of a very soft material, which will keep your baby comfortable. This material detail:
- 100% Cotton for softness
- Lap shoulder neckline for easy on/off dressing
- Snaps at bottom for a quick change
- Double stitched hems to stay soft after excessive washings
This Baby Onesies available in various sizes:
- NEWBORN WEIGHT: 5-8 lbs. HEIGHT: 17-21 in.
- 0-3 MONTHS WEIGHT: 8-12 lbs. HEIGHT: 21-24 in.
- 3-6 MONTHS WEIGHT: 12-16 lbs. HEIGHT: 24-26 in.
- 6-9 MONTHS WEIGHT: 16-20 lbs. HEIGHT: 26-28 in.
- 12 MONTHS WEIGHT: 20-24 lbs. HEIGHT: 28-30 in.
- 18 MONTHS WEIGHT: 24-28 lbs. HEIGHT: 30-32 in.
- 24 MONTHS WEIGHT: 28-32 lbs. HEIGHT: 32-34 in.
Production Time For Baby Clothes :
Orders that come in with all of the information needed to complete the order shipped out within 2-3 business days. Business days are Monday through Friday excluding holidays.
Shipping :
Ships First Class Mail, for orders in the US typically 5-7 days (tracking included). Orders outside the United States It takes about 1-3 weeks (please check with your area?s specific rules regarding customs/duties/or other taxes that may or may not cause delays and extra charges).
Customize: In addition Post Malone Rap Aesthetic Baby Onesie comes in other colors as well, and you can also change the font or get the different text as you wish.These options are $3-5 extra each, and please contact me if interested.
- You can pay either by Paypal or use your card and pay using Direct Checkout.
- Payment completed within three days after checkout.
- All item Guarantee 30 days your money back after we received damaged.
- Shipping or handling charges are non-refundable.
- All Shipping Charges of Return Item are buyer?s responsibility.
- All returns of this item are sent to Hotvero.com
Thank you for looking, If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us.
Take a look at our item updates at The Hunt, Wheretoget, and weheartit.


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Region/City State | : | Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel |
Dynasty / Ruler | : | Duchy Regular Coinage |
Denomination | : | 1/4 THALER |
Metal | : | Silver |
Issued Year | : | 1660 (s) |
Minting Technique | : | Die Struck |
All the information on this website is published in good faith and for general information purposes only. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, reliability and accuracy of this information. Images and Text material are gathered from different sources and we do not take credit for the same.
Every effort is made to attribute images. However, if you feel a name or credit is missing, please let us know, we would be happy to incorporate.
Thank you for visiting our website and for your interest in our endeavour.
For a past few days we have been recieving queries whether we buy/sell coins, stamps and currency.
We would like to inform you that, as of date, we have not provided such a platform. However please register on our website and do keep visiting our portal for further notifications on such a forum and other important and exciting news/updates.
Happy Collecting !
Email: email@example.com
Contact Us


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CUPERTINO, California (AP) -- Apple says it will sell an iPad with more memory than the current models available.
Apple Inc. said Tuesday that the new, full-size model comes with 128 gigabytes of memory, up from 64 gigabytes. Nothing else has changed, so it will remain a fourth-generation iPad, which went on sale in November. The memory increase does not apply to the iPad Mini, which also went on sale in November.
The new iPad will go on sale in the U.S. on Feb. 5 for $799 for a Wi-Fi model and $929 with cellular data access as well.
Apple says it has sold more than 120 million iPads since their debut in April 2010. The latest iPads with 16, 32 and 64 gigabytes remain available, starting at $499.


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Shopit has the best offers on Cabinets and you can get high-quality products from well-known brands from our genuine dealers/shops in Tanzania.
You can now access the best Cabinets prices, speedy delivery, and excellent service from our online shop here in Tanzania that you can trust.
At Shopit, you can also compare and find your choice of Cabinets products online at the best prices.


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PEBBLE BEACH, Calif. — Brandt Snedeker goes into the weekend at Pebble Beach with another chance to win, this time without golf's biggest stars in his way.
Snedeker played bogey-free at tough Spyglass Hill on Friday for a 4-under 68, giving him a share of the lead with Ted Potter Jr. in the Pebble Beach National Pro-Am.
Potter three-putted his final hole at Monterey Peninsula for a 67.
Hunter Mahan was among those one shot behind.
With one more round before everyone has played all three courses in the rotation, the leaderboard was a big traffic jam. Three dozen players were within five shots of the lead.
Snedeker, who was at 8-under 134, felt he was at an advantage because he goes to Pebble Beach for the final two rounds.
And there's one other edge for his psyche — Tiger Woods isn't playing, and defending champion Phil Mickelson is six shots behind.
Snedeker has played so well this year that he is leading the FedEx Cup standings without having won. He was runner-up the last two weeks — four shots behind Woods at Torrey Pines, and then four shots behind Mickelson in the Phoenix Open.
"Keep running into guys who are or who are going to be in the Hall of Fame," Snedeker said at the start of the week.
Mickelson, going after a record-tying fifth win in the event, was easing his way into contention until he made three bogeys in a four-hole stretch along the ocean at Spyglass Hill for a 71.
Snedeker made it look easy at Spyglass, even though the day began in rugged conditions with a light rain and temperatures in the low 40s. He hit a towering 8-iron on the downhill, par-3 12th hole that plopped 3 feet next to the cup for his first birdie. He added a pair of simple up-and-down birdies on the par 5s and then closed out a solid day with an 8-iron to 5 feet on the eighth hole.
Snedeker sees the upside of his two second-place finishes: At least he's giving himself a chance.
"That's how you win out here," he said. "You keep putting yourself in position, and the more times you do, the more success you're going to have. ... I'm doing a better job this week of making my way around the golf courses and not putting myself in bad spots and getting out of tough situations very quickly."
His goal for the last two days?
"Not do anything stupid," he said. "Unfortunately, I don't do it very often."
Potter remains somewhat of a mystery. He won last year in his rookie season at The Greenbrier Classic to claim a peculiar footnote in history — the only player to win a PGA Tour event in which Woods and Mickelson missed the cut. Still, his performance has been spotty. Potter missed nine out of the 12 cuts going into The Greenbrier, and then missed four out of nine cuts after his win.
"It's just a funny game like that," Potter said. "Some weeks you play really well and you get the right kicks and everything goes well. And then there are weeks you can still hit the ball well and get the bad kicks."
It's been good so far on the Monterey Peninsula, which has been graced with surprisingly good weather. Even though the cold rain finally arrived, it didn't last long. The sun broke through about three hours into the round, and by late afternoon, the Pacific was gleaming.
Fredrik Jacobson had the low round of the day, a 66 at Pebble Beach that put him in the group at 7 under with Mahan, John Merrick and Patrick Reed.
Saturday's forecast is for more sunshine, giving those in the Northeast who are snowed in some pretty pictures on television. Snedeker is part of the celebrity rotation, meaning he will join the circus — Bill Murray, Ray Romano and the rest of their Hollywood crew, along with star power from other sports such as Tony Romo, Matt Cain and even San Francisco 49ers coach Jim Harbaugh.
Five days after a Super Bowl loss, Harbaugh had reason to smile. He was leading the pro-am portion of the tournament. Harbaugh is playing with Jason Day of Australia, who made a late string of birdies for a 68 at Spyglass Hill and was two shots behind.
Mahan lost a stroke on the spongy greens. He went to knock in a short bogey putt on the par-3 seventh hole when the ball moved on him.
"It just rolled over in like a heel print or something," Mahan said. "I didn't feel like I moved it. I didn't feel like I had anything much to do with it moving. It's just a rub of the green, so had to go back and take a penalty. That was frustrating, because I was hitting it so good."
Mickelson was equally frustrated by throwing away some careless shots. While he was tied for 39th, Mickelson didn't feel out of contention.
"I love Pebble Beach. I've played well there and I'm only one good round away," he said. "If I can shoot something in the mid-60s, I'll be right there for Sunday's round, which is what I care about."
Mickelson was six shots behind going into the final round last year when he won. That was against Charlie Wi, still searching for his first tour win. At the top now is Snedeker, the second-highest ranked American behind Woods who is averaging 66.5 in his last eight rounds.
DIVOTS: Geoff Ogilvy's hopes of qualifying for the Match Play Championship took a big hit when he twice missed par putts inside 2½ feet and three-putted for par from 25 feet on the sixth hole at Pebble. He had a 74 and was tied for 108th. He likely needs to finish fifth to move into the top 64. ... Lee Westwood, in his Pebble Beach National Pro-Am debut playing with his father, had a 70 at Monterey Peninsula and was four shots behind.
Snedeker in the mix again


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Need more space? Got a dingy unfinished room? You can quickly transform that space into something usable and comfortable. We take a closer look at it as well as some alternatives. Contemporary Dining Room Design Ideas is one way to turn a dingy unfinished room into additional space that's attractive and comfortable. It does this by applying their expertise in building science and system design to the standard below-grade home design.
Decorationlove can help you to get the latest information about the Dinning Room. We provide a quality high image with reliable license and everything if you're talking about the home design as it's officially named. This web is designed to turn your unfinished room into a comfortable usable space in just a short amount of time. So let's take a closer look at what the Contemporary Dining Room Design Ideas is all about and what it could possibly do for you.
When designing an addition to an existing home it is impossible to design a well resolved renovation if the existing form and style has not been taken into consideration. You a choices to incorporate the existing style of your home into the addition or treat the addition with a totally different style but complementary to the existing style. Choosing to go half way between the two is a common failing and the final design will lack visual strength. Commit to one option and ensure every choice of finishes, construction type and detail reflected your style choice strongly.


text: If you want to be not like others set the track iPhone Marimba as a ringtone for your mobile phone. It's a real hit! To download iPhone Marimba ringtone, you have to choose one of the convenient ways of downloading: by WAP and QR codes or via PC. And remember all content on our site is free!


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Mimi Baxter is not listed in any of the standard biographical references listed on our references page.
Could the second and subsequent works by this artist sold after June 9, 2010 for over $1,000 be liable for the Artists' Resale Royalty? More info…
Yes, eligible, subject to the artist satisfying the residency test. The artist is alive or has been deceased for less than 70 years. Contact the Copyright Agency for information on the residency test.
The Australian Art Sales Digest is a database of over 610,000 works by more than 12,000 artists who are listed as having either lived or worked in Australia or New Zealand, and an additional 36,000 foreign and other artists, offered for sale by auction in Australia and New Zealand from the early 1970s to the present day.
Access to the database is available on either a monthly or annual subscription. During the subscription period you have unlimited access to the site. If you would like to subscribe, please proceed to our Subscription Form.


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Search FAQs
AFRINIC membership and resources related billing FAQs. | ||
AFRINIC WHOIS related FAQs | General FAQs related to AFRINIC activites | MyAFRINIC portal related FAQs | Membership related queries |
FAQ for Existing members | AFRINIC BPKI Services | FAQs related to IPv4 Exhaustion and its impact on AFRINIC |
MyAFRINIC is a web-based portal designed for AFRINIC members to manage their contact information, resources, billing and support requests through a simple, graphical, user-friendly interface.
Specifically, an AFRINIC member will be able to :-
- Update its organisation's contact details
- Keep the personal profile of the registered contacts up-to-date
- View the organisation's billing history
- View or download invoices
- Settle invoices via the online payment portal
- Manage AS Numbers
- Manage IPv4 resources
- Manage IPv6 resources
- Create, modify or delete reverse delegations
- Track the status of support tickets
The portal is accessible via https://my.afrinic.net. Only registered contacts of AFRINIC members are allowed access to this portal. A login and password is needed(login credentials)
A registered contact is a person whose contact information have been provided by the organisation(Administrative, Technical or Billing) and considered to be the representative of the organisation in our databases. AFRINIC will only attend to service requests originated from the organisation's registered contacts.
You must either be introduced by an existing registered contact of your organisation (details required are name, address, e-mail and phone number or nic-hdl) or
You can contact MyAFRINIC support staff at email@example.com who will ask you for verification information before adding you in as a contact.
You should send your request to email@example.com . The process will then be explained by the AFRINIC hostmasters.
You will need a username and a password. The username is the nic-hdl of the registered contact.
A nic-hdl is representative of the following details of a person(name, address, telephone number and email).
The step-by-step guide is available here .
Please query AFRINIC whois database using your e-mail address or your full name in the query field.
An assignment refers to the range of IP addresses that an AFRINIC member will use from allocation given by AFRINIC for the following purpose:-
- An end-site or customer with 4 or more IP addresses
- A subnet for the organisation's own network infrastructure
- Any range from which IPs are dynamically assigned
PA space is what has been allocated to LIRs from which they can assign or sub-allocate to end-users / downstream networks as non-portable block. If the end-user / downstream network changes provider, the address space assigned or sub-allocated by the previous service provider (LIR) should be returned and the network renumbered.
Provider-Independent (PI) addresses are globally-unique addresses which :-
- are not assigned by a transit provider
- cannot be aggregated
- can only be assigned by a Regional Internet Registry(RIR)
- cannot be sub-allocated to another entity
A sub-allocation is a block of IP address space given by an LIR to ISPs (LIR's customers) for the purpose of subsequent distribution.
Reverse delegation is reverse DNS record which map an IP address to a name. It is usually maintained by the organisation who receives direct allocations from an RIR. Reverse delegation is achieved by use of the special domain names in-addr.arpa (IPv4) and ip6.arpa (IPv6). It is usually used to validate a forward DNS record, make network troubleshooting more user friendly by providing names instead of IP addresses and also as part of e-mail anti-spam best practices.


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Staying Healthy While You Travel
Preventing illness or injury is a big part of making your trip relaxing and enjoyable. It is important to take certain precautions. Some destinations have environments that may be very different from the area you live in. Also, travel to developing countries poses certain extra risks.
Healthy preparations before you travel
If you are planning to travel outside the United States, the CDC recommends that you:
Prepare a complete travel itinerary. List each destination, length of stay, and types of activities planned.
Contact your travel agent to obtain local health information. This should include food and beverage precautions, information regarding insects and other pests, and the availability of emergency medical care.
Check with your insurance company to determine what coverage your policy provides for travel abroad.
Consider the potential benefits of travel insurance and medical evacuation insurance.
Contact your healthcare provider for an up-to-date immunization record. Make an appointment to receive necessary vaccines at least 6 weeks before you plan to leave.
Obtain specific information on preventive health recommendations based on your itinerary by contacting the CDC's Travel Information website .
Identify contact information for the U.S. Embassy or Consulate in the country or countries you will be visiting for assistance in case of a medical emergency.
Be sure to also get prescription medicines refilled to last the entire trip. Take extra prescriptions for medicines and/or eyewear, in case it is necessary to have them filled while abroad. Wear a medical information bracelet, if necessary. Also, take along a first aid kit for minor emergencies that may arise.
Healthy reminders for while you are traveling
Eat carefully if traveling to a country with an increased risk of traveler's diarrhea. According to the CDC, travelers' diarrhea is the most predictable travel-related illness. Here are some tips to try to avoid diarrhea:
Eat foods that are steaming hot and well-cooked. These are usually the safest.
Avoid eating foods from street vendors, no matter how appetizing they look.
Avoid unpasteurized dairy products and raw or uncooked seafood.
Peel fruits yourself.
Drink commercially bottled water or carbonated beverages.
Avoid ice.
Use bottled water when brushing your teeth.
If you are traveling to a country with an increased risk of malaria, get a prescription for preventive medicine for this disease from your healthcare provider. The medicine needs to be taken before you go on your trip, during your travels, and for a certain number of days after you return, depending on the type of medicine prescribed.
Avoid swimming and any water activities in freshwater lakes and streams as you may be exposed to certain diseases. If you are traveling to a country with an increased risk of disease transmitted by mosquitoes, such as malaria or yellow fever, be sure to protect yourself with insect repellents, special clothing, and bed nets.


text: Space | 28. April 2010 The first mission weblog - welcome to the TanDEM-X blog! Right on time for 'shipment' of the German radar satellite TanDEM-X this coming Thursday, 29 April 2010, we are launching the TanDEM-X blog – and looking forward to our first mission weblog on the new platform. The plan at this time is for Mission Manager Stefan Buckreuss and the DLR Communications team to be joined on the blog by colleagues working in the areas of project management, science, mission operations, the ground station network, flight dynamics, radar, calibration and data processing. The excitement will not be confined to the launch, which we will be blogging live from the German Space Control Centre (GSOC) in Oberpfaffenhofen. Thereafter we, that is to say the colleagues on the TanDEM-X blog team described above, will be blogging about everything that we think is worth reporting. This will range from the acquisition of the first images through the 'formation flying' of the satellites TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X to the 'fine-tuning' of the radar and the first digital elevation model (DEM) obtained using the two satellites. However, right now, the stage is empty and set for tomorrow's first blog entry from the Mission Manager. Further information about the TanDEM-X mission can be found here.


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Skin Cancer, Nonmelanoma
Topic Overview
Is this topic for you?
This topic is about nonmelanoma skin cancer, including basal cell cancer and squamous cell cancer. For information about melanoma skin cancer, see the topic Skin Cancer, Melanoma.
What is nonmelanoma skin cancer?
Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of cells in the skin. It is the most common type of cancer. It is almost always cured when it is found early and treated. So it is important to see your doctor if you have changes in your skin.
Most skin cancers are the nonmelanoma type. There are two main types of nonmelanoma skin cancer:
- Basal cell carcinoma. Most nonmelanoma cancers are this type. It can damage deeper tissues, such as muscles and bones. It almost never spreads to other parts of the body.
- Squamous cell carcinoma. This type is less common. It often develops from a small rough spot that grows in sun-damaged skin. It sometimes spreads to other parts of the body.
There are other types of skin cancer that are not melanoma. But these are much less common. They include Merkel cell carcinoma and several kinds of sarcomas.
What causes it?
Nonmelanoma skin cancer is usually caused by too much sun. Using tanning beds or sunlamps too much can also cause it.
How is nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosed?
Skin cancer usually appears as a growth that changes in color, shape, or size. This can be a sore that does not heal or a change in a mole or skin growth. These changes usually happen in areas that get the most sun—your head, neck, back, chest, or shoulders. The most common place for skin cancer is your nose.
Your doctor will use a biopsy to find out if you have skin cancer. This means taking a sample of the growth and sending it to a lab to see if it contains cancer cells.
What increases your risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer?
The single greatest risk is from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This comes from exposure to the sun, especially during the middle of the day. It also comes from exposure to artificial sources of UV, such as indoor tanning.
If you have light skin that sunburns easily, you are more likely to get skin cancer.
Your risk is higher if you are male or if you are over 40. Your risk is higher if others in your family have had it or if you have had it before.
You may also be more likely to get it if you have been exposed often to strong X-rays, to certain chemicals (such as arsenic, coal tar, and creosote), or to radioactive substances (such as radium).
How is it treated?
Your doctor will want to remove all of the cancer. There are several ways to do this. The most common way is to numb your skin so that it does not hurt, then cut out the cancer. You will be awake while this is done.
This surgery almost always cures nonmelanoma skin cancer. Other treatments include radiation, medicines that are put on the skin (topical therapies), and photodynamic therapy (PDT).
After your treatment, you will need regular checkups, because having skin cancer once means you are more likely to get it again.
Can nonmelanoma skin cancer be prevented?
You can prevent it by being careful in the sun. Stay out of the sun at midday, when the sun's rays are strongest. Wear sunscreen or other sun protection. Do not use tanning booths or sunlamps.
Health Tools
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
Nonmelanoma skin cancer is usually caused by overexposure to the sun and its ultraviolet (UV) rays. Overexposure to UV rays can result from:
- Having severe sunburn and blistering, especially during childhood.
- Spending a lot of time in the sun over many years.
- Using tanning beds or sunlamps, which are artificial sources of UV rays.
Other possible causes of skin cancer include repeated exposure to X-rays, certain chemicals (such as arsenic, coal tar, creosote), and radioactive substances (such as radium). Skin cancer may also be caused by ionizing radiation treatments for skin conditions such as psoriasis or acne.
Nonmelanoma skin cancer may appear as a change in the skin, such as a growth, an irritation or sore that does not heal, or a change in a mole or a skin growth.
Basal cell carcinoma usually affects the head, neck, back, chest, or shoulders. The nose is the most common site. Signs of basal cell carcinoma can vary depending on the type and may include skin changes such as a:
- Firm, pearly bump with tiny blood vessels that look spidery (telangiectasias).
- Red, tender, flat spot that bleeds easily.
- Small, fleshy bump with a smooth, pearly appearance, often with a depressed center.
- Smooth, shiny bump that may look like a mole or cyst.
- Patch of skin, especially on the face, that looks like a scar and is firm to the touch.
- Bump that itches, bleeds, crusts over, and then repeats the cycle and has not healed in a few weeks.
- Change in the size, shape, or color of a mole or a skin growth.
Squamous cell carcinoma usually affects the face, head, or neck. Signs of squamous cell carcinoma include any:
- Persistent, firm, red bump on sun-exposed skin.
- Patch of skin that feels scaly, bleeds, or develops a crust. The patch may get bigger over a period of months and form a sore.
- Skin growth that looks like a wart.
- Sore that does not heal or an area of thickened skin on the lower lip, especially if you smoke or use chewing tobacco or your lips are often exposed to the sun and wind.
Other conditions, such as actinic keratosis, may have symptoms similar to skin cancer. It is important to have any new or persistent skin change evaluated by your doctor.
What Happens
Nonmelanoma skin cancer usually develops slowly, invading and destroying nearby tissues. It may take months or years for basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas to develop. Because of this slow growth, skin cancer can often be detected and treated early in its development, increasing the chance for a cure.
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma can affect the surface of the skin where it appears. If it is not treated, it can grow larger and cause problems beneath the skin, sometimes damaging the muscles and bones. Basal cell carcinoma very rarely spreads (metastasizes) to other parts of the body.
After you have one basal cell carcinoma, you are more likely to have another one develop in a new place. If basal cell carcinoma comes back at the same place (recurs), it may grow faster and cause more tissue damage.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma may grow from a small rough spot in sun-damaged skin (actinic keratosis). But this isn't common. Or it may develop from an early form of skin cancer called Bowen's disease. If a squamous cell carcinoma is not treated, it may spread.
What Increases Your Risk
Risk factors (things that increase your risk) for nonmelanoma skin cancer include:
- Sunlight, sun lamps, and tanning beds. These expose you to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
- UV radiation affects people of all skin types, but especially those with light skin color, freckles, blond or red hair, and blue or light-colored eyes.
- Where you live makes a difference. People who live closer to the equator get more UV radiation. And people who live at higher altitudes, such as in the mountains, get more UV radiation.
- A family history of skin cancer or a personal history of skin cancer. Or other things that affect your skin, such as:
- Inherited genetic disorders, such as xeroderma pigmentosum.
- A history of severe sunburns, especially during childhood.
- Scars from severe burns or inflammatory skin conditions.
- Being older than 40.
- Being male. Men develop skin cancer more often than women.
- Smoking.
- Repeated exposure to X-rays, certain chemicals (such as arsenic, coal tar, creosote), and radioactive substances (such as radium).
- Being infected with a certain type of human papillomavirus (HPV).
Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas can occur in people with dark skin. But these cancers are much more common in people with light skin.
The risk of squamous cell carcinoma is higher in people who have weakened immune systems. This includes people who have had organ transplants and take medicines to prevent rejection of the new organ.
When should you call your doctor?
Call your doctor if you have an irritated or irregular skin growth. This includes any:
- Firm, pearly bump with tiny blood vessels that look spidery (telangiectasias).
- Red, tender, flat spot that bleeds easily.
- Small, fleshy bump with a smooth, pearly appearance, often with a depressed center.
- Smooth, shiny bump that may look like a mole or cyst.
- Patch of skin, especially on the face, that looks like a scar and is firm to the touch.
- Bump that itches, bleeds, crusts over, and then repeats the cycle and has not healed in 3 weeks.
- Change in a mole or a skin growth, including a change in size, shape, or color.
- Area of normal skin that quickly changes shape or appearance.
Be sure to show your doctor any skin growths that concern you so that they can be evaluated and treated if needed.
Who to see
Health professionals who can examine and diagnose a suspicious skin growth include:
- Family medicine physicians.
- Dermatologists.
- Nurse practitioners.
- Physician assistants.
- Internists.
- Pediatricians.
Doctors who can remove a large skin growth or one in a noticeable area while minimizing scars that may result from surgery include:
Exams and Tests
Nonmelanoma skin cancer is diagnosed by:
- Your medical history. Your doctor will ask when the skin change occurred, whether you have been exposed to substances (such as arsenic) that can cause skin cancer, and whether you have any personal or family history of skin cancer.
- A physical exam of the skin growth. Your doctor can often tell what a skin growth is by looking at it. He or she may decide to monitor changes in the skin growth or take a sample of the skin growth for further testing.
- A skin biopsy. This is usually done when an area of skin has changed color, shape, size, or appearance or has not healed and skin cancer is suspected. A skin biopsy also may be done if the cause of a skin problem is not easily identified.
Early detection
Take steps to detect skin cancer early:
- Examine your skin once a month, and ask your doctor to look at any suspicious skin growths.
- Talk to your doctor about your own personal risk for skin cancer so that you understand the precautions that you need to take.
- Have your doctor look for any suspicious skin growths during any health examination.
Treatment Overview
The goals of treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer are to:
- Remove the entire skin cancer and a margin of skin tissue around the cancer to reduce the chance of recurrence.
- Preserve nearby skin tissue that is free of cancer and minimize scarring after surgery.
Initial treatment
Treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer depends on the size and location of the cancer, whether it is basal cell or squamous cell, and your age and overall health. The type of treatment will also depend on whether you have had skin cancer at that place before and whether the cancer is in a place where you have had radiation therapy. Because skin cancer usually grows slowly, it often can be detected early and successfully treated.
The most common treatment is surgery to destroy or remove the entire skin growth, including a margin of cancer-free tissue around the growth. Most surgical treatments are very effective, with high cure rates.
The main treatment options are:
- Mohs micrographic surgery. This surgery removes the skin cancer one layer at a time, checking each layer for cancer cells right after it is removed.
- Excision. Excision removes the skin cancer along with some healthy skin tissue around it (margin).
- Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses X-rays or other types of radiation to kill cancer cells. It may done if surgery isn't an option.
- Curettage and electrosurgery. Curettage uses a spoon-shaped instrument (curette) to scrape off the skin cancer, and electrosurgery controls the bleeding and destroys any remaining cancer cells.
- Cryosurgery. Cryosurgery destroys the skin cancer by freezing it with liquid nitrogen.
Each of these treatments has advantages and disadvantages. Discuss your options with your doctor.
Basal cell carcinoma may also be treated with:
- Photodynamic therapy.
- Medicines put on the skin, such as topical fluorouracil (5-FU) and topical imiquimod.
- Laser surgery.
Ongoing treatment
Follow-up treatment for nonmelanoma skin cancer includes skin self-exams and regular exams by your doctor. These exams are extremely important to reduce the risk of the cancer coming back (recurrence).
Almost half of people who have a nonmelanoma skin cancer will develop another one within 5 years.footnote 1 Your doctor may schedule you for exams as often as every 3 to 6 months for the first 2 years and yearly after that, especially for squamous cell carcinoma.
Treatment if the condition gets worse
Surgery is usually very effective for both basal and squamous cell carcinoma. But sometimes the cancer can come back (recur). Or in rare cases, it may spread (metastasize). Metastasis is more likely with squamous cell carcinoma than with basal cell.
If basal cell carcinoma comes back, treatment is usually Mohs surgery. But for squamous cell carcinoma that comes back, treatment may include surgery (excision or Mohs surgery) or radiation therapy.
If the cancer does spread, chemotherapy may be used. If basal cell carcinoma spreads after treatment with surgery and radiation, it may be treated with medicines like vismodegib (Erivedge) or sonidegib (Odomzo). Your doctor may suggest that you enroll in a clinical trial if one is available.
What to think about
Precancer skin growths, such as actinic keratoses and Bowen's disease, can develop into squamous cell skin cancer if they are not treated.
Additional information about skin cancer is provided by the National Cancer Institute at www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/skin/Patient.
Most nonmelanoma skin cancer can be prevented by protecting your skin from the sun and ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
- Limit your exposure to the sun, especially from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., the hours of peak ultraviolet exposure.
- Wear protective clothing, including a wide-brimmed hat, a long-sleeved shirt, and pants.
- Wear sunglasses that block UV rays.
- Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen that has a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30. A broad-spectrum sunscreen protects the skin from both UVA and UVB rays.
- Use lip balm or cream that has sun protection factor (SPF) to protect your lips from getting sunburned.
- Avoid tanning booths and sunlamps, which emit UV radiation and can cause skin damage.
Skin protection for children
Children and babies should be protected from the sun. You should start protecting your child from the sun when he or she is a baby. Because children and teens spend a lot of time outdoors playing, they get most of their lifetime sun exposure in their first 18 years.
- Teach your children that it is important to protect their skin from the sun.
- Have your children wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and a hat when they are in the sun.
- Have your children wear sunscreen. Choose a sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher. Follow the instructions on the sunscreen. Reapply sunscreen after 2 hours in the sun or water, even if the sunscreen is waterproof.
- Keep babies younger than 6 months out of direct sunlight.
Some people believe that a tan may protect them against a sunburn and skin damage. But the amount of sun exposure needed to get a tan can by itself cause skin damage.
Home Treatment
Home treatment after a skin cancer is removed includes regular use of skin protection measures to prevent a return (recurrence) of nonmelanoma skin cancer and regular exams to watch for suspicious skin changes.
Perform a skin self-exam once a month.
- Check your skin and skin growths for any changes in color, shape, size, or appearance.
- Look for any diseased area of skin that has not healed.
- Report any suspicious changes in your skin to your doctor.
Certain medicines, such as some antibiotics or diuretics, can make your skin more sensitive to the sun's rays. Ask your doctor about this potential side effect of your medicines, and take extra precautions if needed.
Medicines are rarely used to treat nonmelanoma skin cancer. Surgery is the most common and the most effective treatment. But when surgery is not possible, your doctor may suggest medicines. Medicines may also be used when a skin cancer is too large for surgery or when new skin cancers keep appearing.
Medicine choices
Medicines that may be used to treat basal cell carcinoma include:
- Fluorouracil (5-FU). This cream or lotion is used to treat carcinomas that are only in the top layer of skin (superficial).
- Imiquimod (Aldara). Imiquimod is used to treat superficial basal cell cancer on the skin of the body, neck, arms, or legs, but it is not approved for treating the face.
- Vismodegib pills may be used if surgery and radiation haven't worked and if the basal cell carcinoma has spread to other parts of the body.
Medicines that may be used to treat squamous cell carcinoma include:
- Fluorouracil (5-FU). This cream or lotion is used to treat superficial carcinomas.
- Tretinoin (Retin-A) cream. Along with this cream, you may be given isotretinoin pills.
- Interferon may be given to help your immune system fight the cancer. This is given by injection (shot).
People treated with medicines will need to have regular follow-up visits with their doctors to make sure the skin cancer is gone.
Chemotherapy may be used to destroy cancer cells in the small number of people who have basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma that has spread (metastasized) to other organs in the body, though metastasis is rare.
What to think about
Medicines such as 5-FU and imiquimod may cause your skin to be sore. Your skin may turn red, swell, itch, or break out in a rash. Your skin may also be sensitive to sunlight. If your skin turns too red or raw, your doctor may stop the treatment.
Surgery is the most common and most successful method of treating nonmelanoma skin cancer. The goals of surgery are to:
- Remove the entire skin cancer and a margin of healthy skin tissue around the cancer to reduce the chance of recurrence.
- Preserve nearby skin tissue that is free of cancer and minimize scarring after surgery.
Surgery choices
The main types of surgery for nonmelanoma skin cancer include:
- Mohs micrographic surgery. This surgery removes the skin cancer one layer at a time, checking each layer for cancer cells right after it is removed.
- Excision. Excision removes the skin cancer along with some healthy skin tissue around it (margin).
- Curettage and electrosurgery. Curettage uses a spoon-shaped instrument (curette) to scrape off the skin cancer, and electrosurgery controls the bleeding and destroys any remaining cancer cells.
Other types of surgery that may be done include:
- Cryosurgery. Cryosurgery destroys the skin cancer by freezing it with liquid nitrogen.
- Laser surgery. Lasers use an intense beam of light to remove skin cancer.
- Dermabrasion. Dermabrasion scrapes off cancer cells in the top layer of skin using a swirling wire brush or small particles.
Each type of treatment has advantages and disadvantages. Discuss your options with your doctor.
What to think about
If squamous cell carcinoma has spread to the lymph nodes, surgery to remove the affected lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy) may be done. Radiation or chemotherapy may be recommended after surgery.
Other Treatment
Radiation therapy may be used to treat skin cancers in some cases. It may also be recommended for people who may not be able to have surgery because of the location of the skin cancer. Radiation therapy may also be a treatment choice if age or other health conditions make surgery too risky. Radiation therapy is most often used for older adults. It may lead to other skin cancers in younger people as they age.
Radiation therapy may be an effective treatment for people who have low-risk, shallow cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease).
Other treatments for people who cannot have surgery or radiation include photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses medicines and a special light to treat skin cancer on or very close to the surface of the skin.
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010). Basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, Version 1. Available online: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/nmsc.pdf.
Other Works Consulted
- Habif TP, et al. (2011). Premalignant and malignant non-melanoma skin tumors. In Skin Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, 3rd ed., pp. 464–507. Edinburgh: Saunders.
- Marks VJ, Hanson NW (2010). Non-melanoma skin cancer. In JC Hall, BJ Hall, eds., Sauer's Manual of Skin Diseases, 10th ed., pp. 305–311. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- Ormerod A, et al. (2010). Basal cell carcinoma, search date December 2009. BMJ Clinical Evidence. Available online: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.
- Spencer JM (2010). Basal cell carcinoma. In MG Lebwohl et al., eds., Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies, 3rd ed., pp. 78–82. Edinburgh: Saunders Elsevier.
- Waldorf HA (2010). Squamous cell carcinoma. In MG Lebwohl et al., eds., Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies, 3rd ed., pp. 702–706. Edinburgh: Saunders Elsevier.
Current as of: December 19, 2018
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:E. Gregory Thompson, MD – Internal Medicine & Kathleen Romito, MD – Family Medicine & Amy McMichael, MD – Dermatology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.


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You are here
Decorate with Tiny Christmas Trees
Buffet spruce-up
A potted dwarf Alberta spruce offers a classic Christmas-tree shape to this nostalgic picnic tin, which marks the start of a buffet line. Fill the tin with apples, oranges or other fruits; top with pinecones.
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Trees to go
Arborvitae seedlings make great gifts. Plant trees in tins; add labels with holiday greetings and tree-care tips.
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All in a row
Foot-high yew trees, with root balls nestled in moss, look fresh lined up in a galvanized tray. Anchor with white and purple eggplants for an all-natural centerpiece. Achieve a similar look in a long dough bowl or low planter.
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Snowed in
For a DIY snow globe, place a Goldcrest cypress tree (with soil around the roots) in a glass jar. Add artificial snow. Group large and small versions for a wintry display.
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Hanging up
A petite juniper looks dapper in a vintage birdcage. Hang from the ceiling, or feature on a tabletop.
Any out-of-the-ordinary vessel will make tiny evergreens stand out. Containers to try: lanterns, ice skates, watering cans, soup tureens, vintage bread boxes or feed bags.
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Table topper
Trim egg cups with tiny juniper sprigs to create "trees" at place settings. Fill base with spice berries and pinecones.
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On the wall
A pint-size dwarf Alberta spruce gives a candle sconce new holiday style. Remove soil and bind the roots in damp cheesecloth to fit into the candle hole.
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Go step-by-step
Spell out holiday greetings on tree containers that climb the stairs. We made paper letter ornaments for white ironstone pitchers and pots and planted a lacy Goldcrest cypress tree in each.
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In the bag
Greet guests with a tree, instead of a wreath. Sew the sides of a folded dish towel to make a pouch, then add an Eastern white pine sapling in a plastic bag (with damp cheesecloth wrapped around the roots).
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Tiny tannenbaums
Clipped greens (in floral foam) displayed in egg cups make a mini forest when grouped on a silver tray. A strand of starry lights adds sparkle.
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Go nuts
Use transferware bowls as pots. We planted baby Norfolk Island pines and covered the soil with acorns and nuts.
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Pine fresh
Norfolk Island pines in ceramic pots make a pretty focal point when dressed with sparkly ornaments.
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Vintage greeting
Turn a vintage mop bucket on wheels into a simple pot to hold a holiday boxwood tree. Place in the entryway for an easy, green greeting.
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Evergreen care tips
Some balled or potted decorative trees can have a life after the holidays. Follow these tips, then plant when spring arrives.
Pick hardy varieties. Check local nurseries for evergreen trees suited for Midwest growing Zones. (Note: Our Norfolk Island pine is just a houseplant.)
When used indoors over the holidays, water. "The air inside the house is very dry," says Bert Cregg, professor of horticulture and forestry at Michigan State University. "So plants will dry out quickly." Place plants out of direct sun, and keep roots moist. A general guideline: Water twice a week.
Limit display time. "The longer the trees are in the house, the more they'll begin to lose their hardiness," Cregg says. He advises limiting indoor time to 2-3 weeks. After three weeks, trees will come out of winter hibernation and start to grow like houseplants.
Cool until spring. After the holidays, store trees in an unheated, sheltered space, like a garage with windows or a porch. (Trees require partial sunlight.) "Most of these conifers need chilling in order to grow normally," Cregg says. Water once before storing, then leave them alone. Plant outside when the ground thaws.(A version of this story appeared in Midwest Living® November/December 2009.)
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Give a tree a lift
Use a side table or stool to boost a small tree to eye level.
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