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Drive-by state-run media, Dems bemoan "erosion of local control." (Seriously. No foolin'.)
Yes, I had to do a double-take this morning after reading the lastest spin coming out of state-run media. Granted, the newly-empowered GOP has not done the best job of adhering to conservative principles. I've been the first to point that out on many occasions. But the same people who think Washington needs to run our health care system, and to approve our public school student assignment plans, school cafeteria lunch menus, and election districts moaning about overreach by government reeks with the foulest odor of hypocrisy.
Local control is not always the best thing. Look at what local control has done to our nation's capital. (Yes, the same place that keeps re-electing Marion Barry despite his arrests for hiring hookers, smoking crack, and his various other, ahem, ethical lapses.) A few years ago, some of my foreign friends made their first ever trip to DC. After returning home, one of those friends told me:
"We expected a grand city most appropriate for the greatest nation on the Earth. Yet, we see this filthy noisy place overrun with crime and beggars. How could your country allow this to happen?"
Now, let's dig into the grand GOP conspiracy outlined today by state-run AP:
Even with Republicans holding unprecedented political power across the South, Democrats remain mostly in charge of urban centers in otherwise conservative states. Yet increasingly that control is threatened, not at the ballot box, but by Republican-led legislatures reaching into local governing decisions, often over objections.
In Georgia and North Carolina, GOP efforts range from regionalizing the Charlotte airport, the Atlanta metro transit system and the Asheville water system to redrawing district lines for local offices to benefit Republican candidates.
Republicans insist there's no power play at work as they do battle with Democrats such as Charlotte Mayor Antony Foxx, who is now President Barack Obama's nominee to be U.S. transportation secretary, and the board of commissioners in Georgia's most populous county, which includes most of Atlanta. Georgia state Rep. Edward Lindsey, a key GOP floor leader and a candidate for Congress, said the ideas are intended to make government more responsive and efficient.
Some Republicans also note that a few pursuits – like a North Carolina bill that would bar local governments from issuing environmental regulations more stringent than the state's – apply regardless of who runs a county or municipality.
But many Democrats say Republican supermajorities are abusing newfound power to overtake the last lingering Democratic bastions. And some Democrats almost mock Republicans for abandoning the conservative principle – usually attributed to Thomas Jefferson – that the best government is the one closest to home. "This all just flies in the face of Republican thinking," said North Carolina state Sen. Floyd McKissick, a Democrat from Durham.
In Georgia, race is also at play in the longstanding tension between the majority African-American south Fulton County and the whiter, wealthier areas in newly constituted cities north of Atlanta.
"None of this is about making Fulton government better," said Georgia Democratic Party Chairman Mike Berlon. "This is about taking over Fulton County."
In Georgia, the Republican-led legislature this year redrew lines for the Fulton commissioners to give north Fulton residents, who are reliably more Republican, a greater voice. Two black Democrats in south Fulton must now run against each other. The GOP stripped the commission's power to appoint the top county elections official and handed the Republican governor the power to appoint the chief local magistrate judge. They also made it easier to fire new county employees.
When the General Assembly reconvenes in January, Republicans will pick up two even bigger measures that were stymied this year: One would grant a property tax break that Fulton County officials say would gut their budget. The other would overhaul the Atlanta metro transit system, privatizing many of its functions and giving suburbs more control. There's also an annual measure for north Fulton to break away from the south altogether and form its own county.
Lindsey, who represents the wealthy Atlanta neighborhood of Buckhead, attributed the push in no small part to mismanagement by Fulton officials. Fulton elections have been plagued by voting problems, with thousands of new voters having to cast provisional ballots last November. The transit system has in hand an independent analysis identifying potential savings from some privatization.
Republicans, Lindsey conceded, "absolutely want the county to reduce its footprint." But he said it's not to punish Democrats, but to shift the focus to cities. In the last decades, residents in north Fulton have voted to incorporate several new Atlanta suburbs, leaving few unincorporated residents in the county.
Emma Darnell, one of the commissioners who now must run against a colleague, said Lindsey can't make the distinction. Those cities grew in the first place, she said, because of white-flight from the blacker, more liberal city. Lindsey said Darnell and some of her colleagues are focused on race: A top white county executive recently won a lawsuit alleging he was fired so his job could be given to an African-American woman.
Georgia Democrats also noted that after the 2010 census, the GOP drew several legislative districts that are anchored outside Fulton but still reach into the county. Now, about a third of the county's representatives and senators live outside Fulton, but they provide a narrow GOP margin on committees that control Fulton bills.
In North Carolina, the move against local control has been more widespread. A relatively new law makes it harder for cities to annex new residents and property. A sweeping regulatory overhaul that is pending includes a provision that would leave all environmental regulation to the state. Multiple school boards and county commissions have been mandated to hold partisan elections.
But the headliner fights involve mostly Democratic cities. Republican lawmakers blocked Foxx, the Democratic mayor of Charlotte, from raising a local tax for more revenue in a deal with the NFL's Carolina Panthers. They're trying to create a regional authority, with suburban representatives, to control the Charlotte-Douglas International Airport that Foxx and the city council now control. The city and Mecklenburg County would retain several seats, but the governor and legislative leaders – now Republicans – would get to pick some of them. The rest of the seats would go to outlying areas. The measure is still pending.
The legislature has already voted to regionalize the water system in Asheville, a left-leaning enclave that helped elect a Democrat to Congress for western Carolina until the GOP divided the city into separate districts. The city is suing to block the regionalization that becomes law May 13.
The Republican state senator sponsoring the Charlotte airport bill said it's about ensuring the facility's continued growth. "It's not a taking by the state," said Bob Rucho of Mecklenburg County, emphasizing that he wants to require that authority members have relevant experience in fields like transportation, bonds, logistics.
Foxx, in an interview before Obama nominated him for transportation secretary, declined to engage in any partisan sniping. But the mayor, who is a transportation attorney in the private sector, questioned the rush from Republicans and said he doesn't believe that governance determines an airport's success. Foxx said he has the same priorities for the airport as Rucho.
Now, now. Let's be a wee bit more honest about Foxx's background. He was a lawyer for an electric car company heavily reliant on government subsidies.
Also, it's worth it to be concerned about The City of Charlotte's management of a resource vital to the region and nation's economy. Charlotte's own city manager described the city as being "in decline." (*Thanks again, McClatchy, for scrubbing that story from your Charlotte web site.*) The city maintains the distinction of having the highest tax burden in the state. The producers — the people who pay taxes — are fleeing the city in droves, while those more dependent on government services are left behind. Read On:
Rucho said the tug-of-war between the statehouse and city halls "isn't about partisanship." Rather, he said, "It's just local politics that we've always seen. You're just seeing it noticed because there's been a change leadership" with Republicans now running Raleigh.
Berlon, the Georgia Democrat, said he believes North Carolina and Georgia are GOP test cases, with successful results certain to be exported to other states where minority and younger voters could soon give Democrats an advantage. "You'll see this next in Arizona and Texas," he predicted. "I give them credit for foresight."


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Tutorial Series | Localization |
Previous | Introduction to Unicode is recommended, though not required |
What's Next | Avoiding Common Localization Pitfalls |
Further Reading | n/a |
Reaching a broad audience of users and developers requires that your software can be translated and otherwise shaped at runtime to be linguistically and culturally relevant to whomever is sitting in front of the computer. This is the realm of localization and this tutorial steps you through what is needed to make your application localizable.
What is Internationalization and Localization?
Internationalization, or i18n ('i', followed by 18 letters, then an 'n'), is the process of writing your application so that it can be run in any locale. This means taking into account such things as:
- textual messages that are displayed to the user
- data input from the user, files and other sources
- format of dates, numbers, currency, etc.
Localization, or l10n ('l', followed by 10 characters, then an 'n'), is the process of taking an internationalized application and adapting it for a specific locale.
Generally speaking, programmers internationalize their applications and translation teams localize them.
Why is This Important?
KDE development happens primarily in English as this allows the broadest reach into the development and translation communities. However, English is not the primary language of most people on the planet. In fact, fewer than 8% of humanity speaks English and less than 5% speak it as their mother tongue. Even on the Internet, only 35% people who are online use English as their primary language and as more and more of the world gets wired this number is only decreasing. Additionally most languages, including 9 out of the 10 most common languages, use non-ASCII characters in their written form. It is easy to see, then, why it has become a necessity to provide localized software.
As an international project that spans the globe, such localization is a core value within the KDE culture. In fact, while many KDE developers write their software in English they use the desktop in their native locale.
Translatable Code Using i18n()
To ensure your application is ready to be localized you have to follow a few simple rules. All user-visible strings in your application should be translated before they are displayed on the user's screen, exceptions to this being debugging messages, configuration keys and similar types of text data.
KDE provides the KLocale class as part of libkdecore to facilitate the technical details of localization. KLocale makes it as easy as possible for developers to make their code i18n aware, but there are some things you need to be aware of so that applications are usable in other languages and countries.
Access to a global KLocale object is provided via KGlobal::locale(). This KLocale object is created automatically by KInstance and takes care of all user i18n related settings. It is deleted automatically on application exit.
Translations are made possible by the QString i18n(const char*) method, defined in klocalizedstring.h, which you must wrap all strings that should be displayed in. The QString returned by i18n() is the translated (if necessary) string. This makes creating translatable widgets as simple as in this example:
#include <klocalizedstring.h>
QPushButton* myButton = new QPushButton(i18n("Translate this!"));
QString's native Unicode support ensures that all translations are represented correctly. All string handling done by your application should therefore use QString.
The i18n() method requires that a KInstance (e.g. KApplication) has been created. For any strings that are created prior to this there is another method provided: ki18n(). This allows one to mark strings that should be translated later as such. The ki18n() will return a KLocalizedString, which can be finalized into a QString (i.e. translated for real) after the KInstance has been created, using its toString() method.
ki18n() is typically used for strings given to KAboutData, because it is constructed before the KApplication and you can use i18n() only after the construction of the KApplication. Other than these special cases, it is always safe to use i18n() if you are sure that the code will be executed after construction of KApplication or some other KInstance.
Adding Context with i18nc()
There is an extended method, i18nc() which takes two const char* arguments. The first argument is an additional contextual description of the second string which will be translated. The first string is used to find the proper corresponding translation at run-time and is shown to translators to help them understand the meaning of the string.
Use i18nc() whenever the purpose of the text might be ambiguous without further context. For example, consider a context menu in a file manager with an entry called "View" which opens a viewer for the currently selected file. In this context "View" is a verb. However, the same application also may have a menu called "View" in the menubar. In that context "View" is a noun. In the English version of the application everything looks fine, but in most other languages one of the two "View" strings will be incorrect.
Additionally, translators sometimes need extra help in understanding what the text is actually referring to during the translation process.
In the file manager example above, one might therefore write:
contextMenu->addAction(i18nc("verb, to view something", "View"));
viewMenu->addAction(i18nc("noun, the view", "View"));
Now the two strings will be properly translatable, both by the human translators and at runtime by KLocale.
Use this form of i18n whenever the string to translate is short or the meaning is hard to discern when the context is not exactly known. For example:
QString up = i18nc("Go one directory up in the hierarchy", "Up");
QString relation = i18nc("A person's name and their familial relationship to you.", "%1 is your %2", name, relationship);
Contexts can also be added when building forms in Qt Designer. Each widget label, including tooltips and whatsthis texts, has a "disambiguation" attribute (named "comment" prior to Qt 4.5), which will serve the same purpose as first argument to i18nc() call.
KDE provides a standard set of strings to identify the semantic context of translatable strings. These are defined in the KUIT Semantic Markup scheme.
Standard Context For Common Phrases
Below is a chart showing some common words and phrases in English and the context that must be used with them to ensure proper translation of them in other languages.
Phrase | Context | i18nc Call | Example |
Busy | Referring to a person | i18nc("A person is busy", "Busy") | |
Busy | Referring to a thing | i18nc("A thing is busy", "Busy") | |
Color | Color mode, as opposed to Grayscale | i18nc("Not Grayscale", "Color") | |
Creator | Referring to a person | i18nc("A person who creates", "Creator") | |
Creator | Referring to software | i18nc("Software", "Creator") | |
Display | Referring to hardware | i18nc("Hardware display", "Display") | |
Editor | Referring to a person | i18nc("A person who edits", "Editor") | |
Editor | Referring to software | i18nc("Software", "Editor") | |
Line | Referring to drawing | i18nc("Draw a line", "Line") | |
Line | Referring to text | i18nc("Line of text", "Line") | |
Name | Referring to a name of thing | i18nc("A thing's name", "Name") | In theme change dialog: i18nc("Theme name", "Name") |
Name | Referring to first name and last name of person | i18nc("Person's first and last name", "Name") | In KAddessbook contact edit dialog: i18nc("Person's first and last name", "Name") |
New | Create something | i18nc("Action", "New") | |
New | Status | i18nc("New mail message", "New") | |
No | Answer to a question | i18nc("Answer to a question", "No") | |
No | Availability of a thing | i18nc("Availability", "No") | |
(Re)load | (Re)load a document, medium etc. | i18nc("(Re)load a document", "(Re)load") | |
(Re)load | (Re)start a program, daemon etc. | i18nc("(Re)start a program", "(Re)load") | |
Title | Referring to a person | i18nc("A person's title", "Title") | |
Title | Referring to a thing | i18nc("A thing's title", "Title") | |
Trash | Referring to the action of emptying | i18nc("The trash is not empty. Empty it", "Empty") | |
Trash | Referring to the state of being empty | i18nc("The trash is empty. This is not an action, but a state", "Empty") | |
Volume | Referring to sound | i18nc("Sound volume", "Volume") | |
Volume | Referring to a filesystem | i18nc("Filesystem volume", "Volume") | |
Volume | Referring to books | i18nc("Book volume", "Volume") | |
Yes | Answer to a question | i18nc("Answer to a question", "Yes") | |
Yes | Availability of a thing | i18nc("Availability", "Yes") |
Standard Context for Special Format Strings
- The context (qtdt-format) should be used for strings that are used as displayFormat in QDateTimeEdit or QTimeEdit.
- The context (qtundo-format) should be used for strings that are used as text in QUndoCommand. If the application depends on Qt 4.8+, translators can use the "double-form functionality": if you put two strings separated by "\n" in that text, the first line will be used in "Undo History" panel, and the second line will be used in "Edit -> Undo/Redo %1" menu items.
Plurals are handled differently from language to language. Many languages have different plurals for 2, 10, 20, 100, etc. When the string you want translated refers to more than one item, you must use the third form of i18n, the i18np(). It takes the singular and plural English forms as its first two arguments, followed by any substitution arguments as usual, but at least one of which should be integer-valued. For example:
msgStr = i18np("1 image in album %2", "%1 images in album %2", numImages, albumName);
msgStr = i18np("Delete Group", "Delete Groups", numGroups);
i18np() gets expanded to as many cases as required by the user's language. In English, this is just two forms while in other languages it may be more, depending on the value of the first integer-valued argument.
Note that this form should be used even if the string always refers to more than one item as some languages use a singular form even when referring to a multiple (typically for 21, 31, etc.). This code:
i18n("%1 files were deleted", numFilesDeleted);
is therefore incorrect and should instead be:
i18np("1 file was deleted",
"%1 files were deleted",
To provide context as well as pluralization, use i18ncp as in this example:
i18ncp("Personal file", "1 file", "%1 files", numFiles);
In some cases pluralization is needed even if English does not need it. For example:
i18nc("%1 is a comma separated list of platforms the software is available on.",
"Available on %1", platforms);
One reason for this is that in some languages the preposition "on" needs to be replaced with a descriptive noun in a certain form, which essentially in English means the same as this:
i18nc("%1 is a comma separated list of platforms the software is available on.",
"Available on platforms %1", platforms);
And that is why the correct way is to use pluralization here as well:
i18ncp("%2 is a comma separated list of platforms the software is available on.",
"Available on %2", "Available on %2", numberOfPlatforms, platforms);
Formatting Dates and Numbers
When displaying a number to the user, your program must take care of the decimal separator, thousand separator and currency symbol (if any) being used. These symbols differ from region to region. In English speaking countries a dot (.) is used to separate the fractional part of a number, while in some European countries a comma (,) is used instead. Below is a short summary of functions that will help you format the numbers correctly, taking the local conventions into account for you.
Formats a.. | From a.. | Function Prototype |
Number | String | QString formatNumber( const QString & numStr )
Number | Integer, double | formatNumber( double num,
int precision = -1 )
Money | String | formatMoney( const QString & numStr )
Money | Number | formatMoney( double num,
const QString & currency,
int digits = -1 )
Date | String | formatDate( const QDate & pDate,
bool shortFormat=false )
Time | QTime | formatTime( const QTime & pTime,
bool includeSecs=false)
Date and time | QDateTime | formatDateTime( const QDateTime &pDateTime,
bool shortFormat = true,
bool includeSecs = false )
Similar functions exist to read information provided by the user at runtime in their localized format, e.g. readNumber() or readMoney().
Developing applications dealing with dates and time, such as calendars, is a very complex area. Not only may the displayed string containing a date or time look different based on locale, but one also has to take care of other aspects such as:
- what calendar system is being used (e.g. Hebrew, Hijri)
- which day in the week is the first one (cf int weekStartDay())
- how many months in a year there are
- "era"-based calendars
- whether to use 24-hour time format (cf bool use12Clock())
QDate only implements a hybrid Julian/Gregorian calendar system, if the user's locale has a different calendar system then any direct calls to QDate will result in incorrect dates being read and displayed, and incorrect date maths being performed. All date calculations and formatting must be performed through the KLocale and KCalendarSystem methods which provide a full set of methods matching those available in QDate. The current locale calendar system can be accessed via KGlobal::locale()->calendar(). The KLocale date formatting methods will always point to the current global calendar system.
KLocale provides, among others, these methods:
Formats a.. | From a.. | Function Prototype |
Date | QDate | formatDate( const QDate & pDate,
bool shortFormat=false )
Time | QTime | formatTime( const QTime & pTime,
bool includeSecs=false )
Date and time | QDateTime | formatDateTime( const QDateTime &pDateTime,
bool shortFormat=true,
bool includeSecs=false )
cleanup confusing sections and fix sections which contain a todo
provide more info on the different calendar systems
To make QML code translatable, KDeclarative provides the same i18n() calls described above. To enable parsing at runtime, you need to install a KDeclarative object in the QQmlEngine:
KDeclarative kdeclarative;
//view refers to the QQmlView
//binds things like kconfig and icons
The application also needs to link to libkdeclarative.
If you don't need the rest of features in KDeclarative, you can use ki18n right away:
engine.rootContext()->setContextObject(new KLocalizedContext(&engine));
Avoiding Common Traps
There are a number of common problems that may prevent an application being properly localized. See Avoiding Common Localization Pitfalls to learn more about them, and how to avoid them.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ghosts fall into various categories:-
1)Ghosts of the dead (that do not interact with the living)
2)Ghosts of the dead (that do interact with the living)
3)Ghosts of the living (that do not interact with the living
4)Ghosts of the living (that do interact with the living)
5)Ghosts of the living (that do interact with the dead)
6)Ghosts of the living (that do not interact with the dead)
7)Ghosts that interact with other ghosts.
NB: Apologies if this is a little "Alice In Wonderland" but I'm attempting to clarify the need to understand different types of entities/encounters
Ghosts of the dead (that do not interact with the living)
This group of apparitions are seen to be re-enacting moments in time when they were alive. To say "when they were alive" is misleading really as the spirit seen is still alive but is able to be viewed by another human being from another time. In this category though the ghost being observed is entirely unaware of being watched.
Ghosts of the dead (that do interact with the living)
This group is infinitely more complicated to understand. Manifestation in this section fall into the sub-catagories below:-
1)Those ghosts who are seen as they were (are) going about their daily business as it was (is) in another time. Not only can they be seen by people from the present time, they can also hold a conversation with us. Presumably they are fully aware of our presence as we are of theirs and they may even report their sighting of "Ghosts from the future " to their friends.
2) Those ghosts who seem to be stuck in a building and are unaware of their loved ones as having passed on. This type of spirit is not being seen going about his/her daily routine, as they have passed on but remain a permanent resident of a particular place. Sometimes they seem reluctant to accept they are dead. It's almost as if they're in a pemanent dream-like state of semi-consciousness loosely clinging on to familiar ground.
3) Those ghost who are dead and know they are dead but refuse to leave a building. Often this type of spirit makes a point of interacting with people from the present and this may be humorous or malicious.
Ghosts of the living (that do not interact with the living)
Ghost of the living are souls who's physical presence materializes in a place remote from their current actual location. If you dream of a nice place maybe one or two % of your material being is transported to that place.The more lucid the dream the greater %'age of your physical being is transported there. If you can visualize the place you may be 1/ 2 % physically there. If you can hear the sounds as well you may be 15% physically there. If you can feel the sun on your back, have full visual awareness and hear the sounds – you may be 40% physically there. Experts (eg: Tibetan Monks) are said to be so adept at these skills that they can be seen at places they meditate upon. There are occasions when non-experts can also display such "re-location" skills – such events though are mostly a one off and generated by stronger than usual emotions for a given place or event or caused by multiple repetitions of a particular act.
Ghosts of the living (that do interact with the living)
I once read of an extremely odd occurrence where a man used to drive the same route every day. This trip took him to his destination where he would attend to some business affairs and then return home. The tasks he had to perform were of very short duration but dealing with them personally was the way this individual liked to work. On one particular day the person in question was uncharacteristically some 15 minutes late in setting off from home. As he approached his destination whilst negotiating a round-about (traffic system) – he was horrified to see himself coming back the other way and further stunned by witnessing his other self staring back at him with equal incredulity. Clearly his vision was of himself where he would have been if he'd been on time. Never before has the quote. "There are just as many ghosts of the living as there are of the dead" – been more vividly encountered.
Ghosts of the living (that do interact with the dead)
The ghost of a living person is the substance of that person that has materialized in a place remote from where they physically are. If a person in this tenuous state was to communicate with the spirit of a dead person – then we have an occasion where a ghost of the living has interacted with a ghost of the dead.
Ghosts of the living (that do not interact with the dead)
If the ghost of a living person (detailed above), is seen by ghosts of the past but cannot see or hear those ghosts themselves – then we have an example of ghosts of the living (that do not interact with the dead).
Ghosts that interact with other ghosts
This last section identifies the most bizarre type of encounter imaginable – one where a ghost sees another ghost. As with all the above sections, these events can also involve both the living and the dead and can be interactive or otherwise.
What are ghosts & what is living
There is no doubt that a living person who sees a non-interactive ghost from the past – is actually seeing that event unfurl. From this we must conclude that we have to re-think our ideas on the passage and nature of time. If that ghost is interactive with our living observer we have to begin to accept the soul or essence of man as being immortal. When we consider ghosts of the living we are up against the possibility that all of our experiences may indeed be manifestations of our own minds will and that "Reality Creation" is a real deal. I believe that we will eventually fully understand all the mysteries behind ghost sightings. People wrongly use the phrase "super natural" as if this phrase can in some way defuse the subject by placing it beyond our reach. I say that all things "Super-Natural" will be solved when the science catches up. By science I mean the application of current laws employed to refute the super-natural. I think we need to expand science to un-ravel the mysteries before us. Currently science says if an observed phenomena is beyond the known rules it can't exist. The correct way for science to advance is to accept the obvious truth (no matter how bizarre) and then advance science to accommodate a solution.
Go to Source


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Table of Contents
Is Full Spectrum CBD Oil Legal In Tennessee
Broad spectrum CBD products include the cannabis plant's compounds except THC. Broad spectrum CBD provides the benefits of full spectrum or multiple compounds without the psychoactive effects of THC.
These can include fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenes, essential oils and other compounds deemed by many to be therapeutic for a variety of ailments. We then dilute the extract with fractionated coconut oil to ensure accurate CBD concentration according to product potency. Is Full Spectrum CBD Oil Legal In Tennessee
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Is Full Spectrum CBD Oil Legal In Tennessee
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Our testing process ensures we offer a product that is natural, safe and consistent. We then dilute the extract with organic hemp seed oil to ensure accurate CBD concentration according to product potency.
In addition to cannabinoids, the cannabis plant contains approximately 500 compounds. Our tinctures provide a natural source of cannabinoids, nutrients, protein, essential fats and terpenes. CBD is great, but researchers are finding new chemical compounds – specifically terpenes and cannabinoids – to be excited about every single day!Is Full Spectrum CBD Oil Legal In Tennessee
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Our hemp oil is mixed with certified organic hemp seed oil. Broad-spectrum CBD contains all of the compounds found in the cannabis plant, including terpenes, cannabinoids, and essential oils, with the exception of THC. Full spectrum CBD oil, also referred to as raw hemp oil and full-spectrum hemp oil, contains cannabinoids and terpenes.Is Full Spectrum CBD Oil Legal In Tennessee
When you choose a full spectrum hemp extract , you are choosing the full hemp experience rather than a filtered, stripped down version. At GVB Biopharma, we test every batch of broad-spectrum CBD distillate we produce.
It can be very easy to confuse the different CBD products on the marketplace. The best full spectrum CBD products are made from a hemp derived CBD extract that contains a wide range of minor cannabinoids like CBG, CBN, CBC, and up to 0.3% THC, in addition to CBD.Is Full Spectrum CBD Oil Legal In Tennessee
These compounds work together simultaneously to maximize their therapeutic properties, known as the "entourage effect", utilizing all the hemp plant has to offer. No, this product contains a broad spectrum of cannabinoids and minimal terpenes, and flavonoids present in hemp flower.
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If you have questions about THC Free Broad Spectrum Distillate , we suggest you book a call. That way, our sales representative can help you confirm that the product you're selecting will satisfy your needs.How is THC Free Broad Spectrum Distillate most commonly used? Some CBD tinctures are made with 99% pure CBD isolate or broad spectrum CBD, neither of which contain THC, which is why they are not considered full spectrum.
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Of recently popularity are cannabinoids like CBG and CBT as well as terpenes like beta-caryophyllene and myrcene. Full spectrum CBD contains all of the naturally occurring cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant, along with trace amounts of CBD.
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If a CBD item has many natural plant extracts, like terpenes and up to .3% THC, it is defined as full spectrum. Broad spectrum also has many compounds, but without any THC whatsoever. You have probably heard just how powerful a full spectrum CBD tincture is on both the mind and the body.
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The broad-spectrum CBD oils from Big Sky Botanicals are made entirely from organically grown American hemp plants. Early research suggests that hemp products with a full spectrum of cannabinoids may provide a more powerful effect than broad spectrum CBD oil or CBD isolate. Full-spectrum CBD oils are the most common form of cannabis use for medical purposes.
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You can order samples through one of our sales representatives by clicking "Book A Call" on the top menu bar or on the bottom of each product page. Broad spectrum hemp products are minimally refined so as not to compromise the healing potential these compounds hold together.
For starters, full spectrum CBD refers to natural plant compounds, such as cannabinoids. When people use full spectrum tinctures, they can enjoy benefits, such as of additional minerals, rather than just the cannabinoids in a CBD isolate oil. Full-spectrum CBD contains all compounds found in the hemp plant, including cannabinoids like CBN and CBG , as well as terpenes and essential oils.
By definition, full-spectrum CBD is derived from cannabis plants that include THC, the hallucinogenic element in marijuana plants. Strainz full-spectrum CBD oil has a maximum level of 0.3% THC in accordance with federal guidelines.


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Wahoo Fitness is a fitness products company dedicated to bridging the gap between expensive, accurate exercise sensors and the everyday athlete. We achieve this by displaying workout information on that expensive computer you already carry with you… your smart phone. By doing this, we eliminate the cost of dedicated display devices and harness the functionality of your phone. Generally, your smart phone will incorporate a GPS, an mp3 player and other features that are useful when working out, anyway. Most importantly, smart phones have wonderful displays and processing power which draws a host of third party software designers who can generate, store and reproduce your exercise information into whatever format you best prefer.
At Wahoo Fitness, we understand that tomorrow's exercise information will be in the palm of your hand and we build our sensors around this. Today, our fisica Sensor Interface allows the iPhone to receive information from exercise sensors but in the near future this capability will be widespread. This is why our sensors are uniquely designed for smart phones of all types.


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Book Preview: How to Restore Automotive Trim and Hardware
In the interest of full disclosure, I have to admit: John Gunnell is a regular contributor to this site. As his editor (and the person who keeps giving him assignments), I obviously find him to be knowledgeable, so I was fairly sure when I cracked open my copy of How to Restore Automotive Trim and Hardware that I would not be disappointed. He did not let me down. This is John's 90th book, and he clearly draws from that extensive and diverse experience here, giving background and history of automotive parts along with descriptions on how to repair them. This is helpful in giving some perspective to the process – if you understand what materials the factory used and why, you will better understand how to go about undertaking their repair or replacement.
The book covers a range of trim and hardware, including metal moldings and trim, wood, chrome-plated plastic, and other metal and plastic trims. John gives specific examples of applications for each of these trim and hardware types and includes tips on repairing them to factory standards or using more advanced modern technology to rebuild them more effectively (especially useful when factory versions were faulty or are no longer available). There are quite a few general-information projects included which cover common issues, rather than focusing on model-specific problems. These do provide enough information to get you through most projects on most cars, with information on companies, manufacturers, or shops who can help you through the rest if you run into more specific quirks that aren't covered. This makes the book applicable to a wider range of cars and also means that he can go into more detail on each step in the process, drawing out the universal aspects, like which sandpapers are best for each step, or which companies make the most reliable products or tools for a specific job. There are a tremendous number of tips and tricks offered to make the process easier, from the common sense to the more involved. The photography may not be as exciting as a coffee table book, but there is a lot of it, and it does clearly show the restoration process on a wide range of applications. Of course, you're buying this book for the information, not the eye candy.
Approaching a project car can be overwhelming, but the range of material covered in this book will get you through most projects, from gauge faces to plastic knobs, wooden dashboards, and, of course, metal pieces. Our excerpt this month takes a look at some of the more unusual pieces you might run into. Since these pieces are more rare than, say, chrome trim, they don't warrant quite as much detail, but you'll have to pick up a copy of the book for the full story. If you have a restoration project in the works (or are considering taking one on), it's definitely a worthwhile purchase.
Chapter 8
Specially Finished Metal Trim and Genuine Wood Trim
While buffed or plated metal serves nicely as auto trim, other sections of a car may have metal parts that were specially finished for eye appeal. We could never forget the beautiful woodgrained window trim on the '49 De Soto that our father purchased when we were kids. The De Soto was a mid priced car, but the woodgrained metal made us feel as if we were riding in a Duesenberg.
Wood trim works particularly well on car interiors and the exterior of certain models (like the Chrysler Town & Country or Ford Country Squire). Most early cars had genuine wood trim, and it can still be found inside certain models. Simulated woodgrain trim is another possibility that appeared by the mid-1930s, if not earlier. Simulated woodgrain trim is usually manufactured through a veneering process, although water transfer printing is another option today.
In addition to wood grains, cars have been produced with simulated cane work, plaid, floral, and paisley finishes and even psychedelic patterns on the roof (in the "psycho '70s"). The restorer who wants to put cars back to original condition has to come up with ways to restore such unusual trims.
Painted bright metal trim and cloisonne' may also require restoration. Luckily, over the 75-80 years that hobbyists have been restoring old cars, various industrial processes have been developed for such jobs.
Repairing Genuine Wood Trim
Two types of real wood are used commonly in automobiles: ash and maple. These are long-lasting hardwoods with a natural resistance to wood-boring insects. Hardwoods are dense, which makes them fire resistant. Another plus is they can hold fasteners more securely. This keeps screws from working loose. Ash and maple are used primarily for structural components, which restorers may have to refinish. Among the Big Three, GM and Chrysler favored ash and Ford favored maple. Birch and dark ribbon-grained mahogany are other woods used for nonstructural trim pieces.
The restorer must determine the type of wood a damaged part is made of and decide whether the piece can be repaired and refinished. In many cases, it may be better to make a new piece. To make these decisions, some disassembly of the car or trim may be required.
The first step is to treat the wood with a stripper that will lift the old finish and allow you to restore the dirty, blackened grain. Follow can directions. The stripper will probably leave some stubborn spots that need to be sanded.
Hand-sand with 80-grit paper on a jitterbug sander. After initial sanding, blow fine wood dust off the part with compressed air. If you are sanding ash, the harder layers that make the grain will stand up. You will have to use a natural-colored filler with minimum shrinkage to smooth the surface. Put the filler on across the grain and let it set up until its glossiness is gone. Then wipe it off, again moving against the grain. Most fillers require a full day to cure, and the longer the better. Fully cured filler will sand better. Sand the fully cured filler using fine sandpaper on a sanding block, checking smoothness with your hand.
With any wood, when you get to smooth, bare wood, blow off the sanding dust. Treat the wood with a clear lacquer sanding sealer, and then use a high-quality spar varnish to refinish it. You want the varnish to bring out a yellow tint and highlight the darker grain. Apply a two-part epoxy coating to protect the finish.
If it's necessary to replace damaged parts, your own level of woodworking skill comes into play. If you have done woodworking, you'll have a good idea of your abilities. First timers may want to enroll in an adult education class that teaches woodworking or buy books or CDs on the topic. In other cases, you may want to send the part to a professional shop like one of those listed in the Appendix.
Wood Veneering
Wood veneering is a process used to make woodgrained auto parts. Dennis Bickford of Vintage Woodworks in Iola, Wisconsin, is an expert in this craft. Dennis reproduces the veneered inserts for Chrysler Town & Countrys. This same 10-hour process is used to make woodgrained interior trim parts like dashboard panels, garnish moldings, center console inserts, steering wheel inserts and so on.
According to Dennis, 12 inserts—made of wood pressed onto metal panels—are needed to restore a Chrysler Town & Country. Six are flat panels and six have compound curves. Bickford has been making panels for a long time and has accurate patterns for each one. He starts by having sheet metal panels cut to fit his patterns. The panels with compound curves are shaped with an English wheel (One hard-to-reproduce panel is available in fiberglass).
Restoration processes are often different from factory production methods. Chrysler made the panels by gluing wood veneer to flat panels and shaping them in a stamping machine. Dennis says this process led to premature panel failures. Instead of repeating Chrysler's mistake, Bickford cuts the veneer slightly larger than his metal panel, and then places the panel and veneer into a vacuum press where it stays for 24 hours. The vacuum press applies 2,000 psi to form the veneer to the contours of the metal panel. The vacuum press slowly shapes the wood veneer so that it "learns" the form it will need to take from the metal panel. No gluing is done at this stage. Dennis gets a perfectly shaped wood veneer that fits the panel like a glove, with no wrinkles. Both pieces are marked for realignment.
Before gluing, the metal panel must be prepped. Sometimes the original metal panel is reused, but often a new one is needed. Regardless, the metal has to be sanded with a 36-grit disc. On reused panels, this removes all of the old veneer. On both, it roughs up the metal's surface to help the glue adhere better.
After the panel has the correct roughness, Dennis washes it three times with acetone to remove grease, sanding dust, and dirt. When it is cleaned and dried, a two-part marine epoxy is mixed up and applied to the metal panel using a one-time-use sponge roller that produces a more even coat than a brush. Next, the shaped wood veneer panel is sandwiched with the metal panel, while lining up the alignment marks made earlier. Since the wood veneer is larger than the metal panel, it has to be shaved to the correct size.
Dennis tapes the two panels together at top and bottom, puts them back in the vacuum press, applies pressure, and allows the epoxy to cure for 24 hours. When the sandwich comes out of the press, it will be spotted with epoxy that flowed through pores in the wood. A light brushing with a cabinet scraper removes the white spots.
A powder type aniline dye is applied to refinish the surface of the wood veneer. Bickford finds that this gives a clearer view of the wood and grain than an oil-based stain. A West System epoxy is applied to enhance bonding. When it dries, several coats of varnish or urethane are applied. The veneer is sanded between each coat so the finish gets smoother and smoother. When finished, the wood veneer panel will have a shiny luster to it.
Restoring Nonwoodgrained Finishes
What if you were restoring an early postwar Willys station wagon with cane work trim or if you were building a Resto-Mod and wanted to replicate a carbon fiber texture on the side trim insert? You can do this using a water transfer printing (WTP) process now being promoted by M+M Custom Finishes of Bristol, Illinois.
We described the WTP process earlier in this book, but it bears repeating here. It can be used to transfer an endless number of patterns on flat or compound curved surfaces without voids or seams. The process is done in four stages as follows:
Stage 1
- Surface of items to be decorated is sanded to accept primer.
- Primer is applied.
- Base coat is applied.
- Drying is carried out.
Stage 2
- Film is cut to match size and shape of item being decorated.
- Chemical activator applied to film.
Stage 3
- Item slowly immersed in tank.
- Item is removed from tank after complete submersion.
Stage 4
- Item is immediately washed and dried.
- High- or low-sheen acrylic finish is applied.
Repairing Simulated Woodgrain
In some restorations, it may not be necessary to replace wood veneer parts. For example, you may own a muscle car with a wood-trimmed center console that looks faded and cracked around the gear shift lever. Often, the cracks will appear to be in the finish, rather than in the wood veneer.
Unfortunately, cracks in the clear topcoat usually go into the veneer, because the clear also cracks where it soaked into the veneer when originally applied. To get rid of such cracks, you must sand slightly into the veneer. Usually, this will force you to sand the entire panel into the veneer to make the color uniform. If you're very lucky, you'll be able to paint the color back into that panel using acrylic artists' paints or stain pens. However, this rarely works.
When sanding, keep in mind that some automotive interior veneers are very thin. Sand very lightly and use very fine-grit papers. On more modern cars, the veneer is applied to plastic and it's easy to go through to the plastic panel.
Most likely, the sanded area will come out a different shade. It will be in the same color family, but noticeably different from the rest of the trim in the car's interior. To make things match again, you will need to sand all of the wood trim. After all of the wood trim is sanded, you will have to refinish every piece with the same clear epoxy. This will make the interior look like new again, but the job of doing the entire interior can take as long as three months to complete.
The best clear epoxies for this job are available at automotive paint shops. Stay away from epoxies sold by home improvement stores. The better the quality of the epoxy, the better the interior will look and the longer it will last. Most high-end modern cars use nitro cellulous lacquer for the clear coat. Polyurethane varnish will look similar. A two-part catalyzed urethane clear is acceptable, and it should be applied with a spray gun for best results.
Clear that comes out of rattle cans takes a long time to dry and usually doesn't hold up well. However, companies like Eastwood (see Appendix) have special rattle can formulas and sprayers created for hobbyists. They are more expensive than what you'll find in discount department stores, but they are worth the extra money in the long run.
We talked above about the new water transfer printing process that M+M Custom Finishing was promoting at the Bloomington Gold swap meet. Among other things, it can be used to apply custom woodgrain finishes to plastic or metal parts. Burl and walnut finishes are specifically mentioned in the company's brochure, but the company says "any" wood finish can be duplicated.
Cloisonne trim is usually made of copper, silver, or gold decorated with powdered glass that is fired in an oven until the glass becomes red hot and melts to a smooth finish over the metal or part of the metal.
Cloisonne trim is among the most beautiful bright metal trim you will see on restored vintage cars. It was originally created by enameling the metal parts. Enamels are complex combinations of clear glass, color-adding metal oxides, and other materials that are melted together.
Emblemagic of Grand River, Ohio, one of the leading restorers of cloisonne' trim, separates the trim into three categories: Pre-1930, 1930–1939, 1940 and up. The prettiest cloisonne' trim is like jewelry for cars."
Restoration of cloisonne' car badges and enamel emblems includes minor metal repair or straightening, repairing attachment studs, replacing the enamel, and replating the metal.All of the original vitreous enamel that has deteriorated must be removed before the metal can be repaired. In most cases, repairs made to the metal are similar to those described for pot metal.
After damage to the metal has been taken care of, new vitreous enamel is applied and fired onto the emblem (AKA champleve or cloisonne emblem). Modern restorers may also use synthetic resins, composites, cold enamels, cold-cast bronzes, and polymer clays to get certain colors or effects.
Emblemagic was wise enough to stockpile obsolete,lead-bearing enamels like the original types, which can no longer be legally manufactured. The company uses only these enamels in its restorations. This is a big help in matching some old, hard-to-reproduce original colors.
According to the Emblemagic website (see Appendix), an emblem restoration will usually run about 12 to 16 weeks. The company groups the emblems into batches, which are done only a couple of times a year. The website states that cost is determined by the size, number of colors, type of colors, and complexity of the design, as well as any metal or stud repair that may be required.The average, simple, medium-sized emblem with one or two colors—like a Ford emblem—will run about $260. Emblems that have translucent colors, with everything else remaining equal, will run about $295.
Before spending "big bucks" to have the cloisonne' trim on your collector car restored, check to see if reproductions are available. Mail order parts houses may have the piece you need or a one-marque club may have reproduced it as a club project. Home restorers seeking to save money may use also replating and painting (below) to restore cloisonne' emblems and get fairly good results. However, there is nothing like the real thing if you're after a 100-point restoration.
Nameplates, Emblems, and Badges
The chrome-plated metal nameplates that spell out the name or model of a car in block letters or script are prone to two types of breakage that can be repaired with relative ease. Often the studs on the back of the trim piece that pass through holes in the car body will break off. About 20 percent of the time, the trim piece itself will be fractured or will break during removal from the car.
A broken stud must be carefully drilled out. You can then fashion a replacement out of a small, fine-thread bolt. Use a two-part epoxy to hold the new stud in place.
A fractured nameplate can be fixed by using brass rod to join two pieces back together. Many nameplates are produced in a way that leaves a groove on the back of them. If your nameplate has a flat back, you can cut a groove in it with a small grinder or Dremel tool. Then, buy a small-diameter piece of brass rod and cut off about an inch of it. Fit it into the groove. If the nameplate letters have curves, you'll need to bend the rod. When the trim pieces and the rod all fit together well, use your epoxy to bond everything together. Sand the back until flat. If the crack shows, have the piece replated.
Many emblems have an indented area that is enameled or painted in a color. Red and black are most common, but white, blue, yellow, and other colors are also used. To have a trim piece properly enameled, you may want to send it out to a specialist like Emblemagic. But you can handle painted trim yourself.
If the emblem needs to be repaired or replated, take care of that first. Then, wearing protective gear, use acetone to remove the old finish. After toweling and air drying the piece, spray the entire piece with the proper color enamel and allow it to dry for 24 hours. Then use enamel reducer to remove the paint from the raised areas. If you are careful not to get reducer in the indented area, only the color you sprayed will remain there and the trim will look like new.
Simulated woodgrain trim can be found on the dashboards and door panels of cars from the 1930s up and on such things as consoles in later cars. Restoration methods can vary according to vehicle age.
Real wood trim was common on prewar cars and can also be found on postwar models like the Chrysler Town & Country and MG Magnette. Real wood trim is making a comeback on cars today.
Classic car hubcaps and wheel covers were often trimmed with red, black, or white paint and sometimes with more than one color. Some had only colored writing and some had elaborate painted grid or fin designs.
Put small parts in a baggie. Put a labeled index card inside. The baggie has been attached to the metal molding with an electrical tie. Later, the molding will be buffed. Also, mark the "top" of the wood molding.
After stripping old varnish off the wood, sand with 80-grit paper on a jitterbug sander. If you are sanding ash (not the case here), use a natural-colored filler with minimum shrinkage to smooth the surface.
Having a clean work environment is important. After your initial sanding, blow any fine wood dust off the part with a compressed air gun or nozzle.
Treat the wood with a clear lacquer sanding sealer, and then use a high-quality spar varnish to refinish it. You want the varnish to bring out a yellow tint and highlight the darker grain.
The holes in the steel Chrysler Town & Country panel are for mounting the brake lamp and associated wiring.
This steel panel for a Chrysler Town & Country will have the wood veneer panel glued to it. Dennis Bickford, of Vintage Woodworks in Iola, Wisconsin, reproduces these panels, because they are often missing.
Bickford first puts his precut veneer on top of the steel panel in a 1-ton vacuum press. This starts to make the wood veneer conform to the steel panel, as in this postpress photo. Both are marked so they can be indexed when glued together later on.
The metal panels (original or reproduction) are sanded with 36-grit disks. This removes all traces of the factory veneer and also roughs up the smooth metal for better glue adhesion.
A liberal amount of acetone is poured on top of the steel Chrysler Town & Country panel to totally eliminate contaminants that might keep the epoxy—or glue—fromadhering.
Dennis Bickford always uses a scale to get the proper mixture of West System 105 Epoxy Resin and West System 207 Hardener. He follows the directions on the can to determine the proportions.
To evenly apply the two-part epoxy to all areas of the metal panel, Vintage Woodworks uses a small, disposable roller like this one designed for painting corners. The roller is used only once.
Applying the veneer to the epoxied metal panel is the next step. Bickford matches up the index marks he made earlier for an exact fit. He then tapes the indexed pieces together and puts them through a press.
The wood veneer panel and the metal Chrysler Town & Country panel are glued together and sandwiched in a 2000-pound press. Since the veneer was cut a little larger, it has to be trimmed to the shape of the metal panel.
After several coats of wood stain, each followed by hand-sanding, the panel arrives at its finished state, and looks like a piece of fine furniture. It is glossy enough to reflect the lights in Dennis Bickford's Vintage Woodworks shop.
M+M Custom Finishes can transfer an endless number of patterns onto flat or compound curved surfaces without voids or seams. The process, which is done in four stages, produced this customized engine timing cover.
Simulated woodgrain finishes, as on this '36 Pontiac dash, can be reproduced using various stains over a base coat. Dennis Bickford of Vintage Woodworks uses varied methods to make different grains.
The simulated woodgrain on this '70 Dodge Challenger at Nickey Chicago is actually a plastic veneer. It can be reproduced by hand through an "antiquing" process or by water transfer printing.
Published Dec 7th, 2015


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Woodland died Sunday in Edgewater, N.J., from the effects of Alzheimer's disease and complications of his advanced age, his daughter, Susan Woodland of New York, said Thursday.
Woodland and Bernard Silver were students at what is now called Drexel University in Philadelphia when Silver overheard a grocery-store executive asking an engineering school dean to channel students into research on how product information could be captured at checkout, Susan Woodland said.
Woodland notably had worked on the Manhattan Project, the U.S. military's atomic bomb development team. And having already earned a mechanical engineering degree, Woodland dropped out of graduate school to work on the bar code idea. He stole away to spend time with his grandfather in Miami to focus on developing a code that could symbolically capture details about an item, Susan Woodland.
The only code Woodland knew was the Morse Code he'd learned in the Boy Scouts, his daughter said. One day, he drew Morse dots and dashes as he sat on the beach and absent-mindedly left his fingers in the sand where they traced a series of parallel lines.
"It was a moment of inspiration. He said, 'instead of dots and dashes I can have thick and thin bars,'" Susan Woodland said.
Woodland and Silver submitted their patent in 1949 for a code patterned on concentric circles that looked like a bull's eye. The patent was issued in 1952, 60 years ago this fall. Silver died in 1963.
Woodland joined IBM in 1951 hoping to develop the bar code, but the technology wasn't accepted for more than two decades until lasers made it possible to read the code readily, the technology company said. In the early 1970s, Woodland moved to Raleigh to join a team at IBM's Research Triangle Park, N.C., facility. The team developed a bar-code-reading laser scanner system in response to demand from grocers' desires to automate and speed checkout while also cutting handling and inventory management costs.
IBM promoted a rectangular barcode that led to a standard for universal product code technology. The first product sold using a UPC scan was a 67-cent package of Wrigley's chewing gum at a supermarket in Troy, Ohio, in June 1974, according to GS1 US, the American affiliate of the global standard-setting UPC body.
Today, about 5 billion products are scanned and tracked worldwide every day, including sale items, airline boarding passes, military equipment, hospital patients, livestock, and highway toll customers, GS1 US says.
Woodland was born Sept 6, 1921, in Atlantic City, N.J.
Woodland and Microsoft founder Bill Gates were among those honored at the White House in 1992 for their achievements to technology, four months after President George H.W. Bush appeared amazed at a demonstration of a grocery checkout machine.


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7:58: In the comments, we're setting the terms for the drinking game: I said:
Take a sip if McCain says "my friends" or if Obama says "uh."Palladian said:
Dear God, woman, are you trying to kill people? Alcohol is poisonous in large quantities!8:03: May the best man win. Jim Lehrer sounds stern! First question: take a position on the finance crisis.
8:04: Obama: "Move swiftly... and wisely... have oversight...." Don't pad the bank accounts of the rich. The whole problem is the fault of the other party. McCain: He begins with "thoughts and prayers" for "the lion of the Senate," Ted Kennedy, who's in the hospital now. He emphasizes that Republicans and Democrats are working together in dealing with the crisis.
8:08: Lehrer pushes them to take a position on the plan. Obama says he hasn't seen it. Ooh, I just saw Jon Stewart savage McCain last night for saying he hadn't read it. Obama's not taking a position. Come on! Take a position! He doesn't. McCain says "sure," he'll vote for it but immediately veers into an anecdote about Eisenhower and railing against greed. "Greed is rewarded." Both candidates look fresh and sharply outlined on the HDTV.
8:13: Lehrer wants them to talk to each other, but they don't much seem to want to. Next question: Are there fundamental differences between what McCain and Obama would do about the economy? McCain says we need to get spending under control... "earmarking as a gateway drug." Obama's a big spender. Obama said earmarks are abused, but earmarks are only $18 billion of the budget and McCain wants $300 billion in tax cuts. So the difference (in what they promise) is clear: McCain would cut spending and Obama would collect more taxes. McCain says those earmarks corrupt people, and Obama is proposing $800 million in new spending. Obama looks annoyed. He doesn't know where that number comes from. McCain looks a little pleased, I think, because he knows he's gotten to Obama.
8:20: McCain says pork-barrel spending is "rife," it's appalling. We see Obama raising a finger. He wants to be called on. Lots of arguing back and forth about who supported what.
8:26: Lehrer asks what sacrifices will be required. Obama mainly talks about things he wants to spend on. McCain says we've let government get out of control. He'd cut ethanol subsidies. (Good!) He'd eliminate cost-plus contracts. He speaks of saving $6 billion on one deal. Lehrer presses them, and Obama starts talking about spending again. (By the way, he is not saying "uh.") Lehrer gets excited about doing something different to deal with the current crises. McCain mentions a spending freeze. Obama objects and mentions another thing he'd like to spend on (early childhood education). Lehrer reasks the question: What difference will the crisis make? Obama talks about values. McCain talks about spending cuts. Obama questions McCain's record. McCain says, for a second time, that he wasn't elected Miss Congeniality in the Senate. (Should have put that in the drinking game.)
8:39: What have they learned from Iraq? McCain says we've learned how to fight the right way and to avoid defeat. Obama thinks we've learned we shouldn't have started the war in the first place.
Whoops. I've been calling Lehrer MacNeil... corrected.
8:44: McCain excoriates Obama for failing to support victory and for not acknowledging victory. Obama says the difference in opinion was only about whether there was a timetable or not. There's a hot dispute here. McCain gesticulates and smiles. Obama looks a little pissed off and interrupts a few times with the muttered phrase "That's not true."
8:51: Obama calls Pakistan "Pah-ki-stahn." Repeatedly.
8:52: McCain is not prepared to threaten Pakistan. You don't aim a gun if you aren't prepared to pull the trigger.
8:54: Obama denies that he talked about attacking Pahkistahn. He's just ready to "take out" al Qaeda if we know they are in there. He teases McCain about singing "bomb bomb Iran."
9:00: McCain stresses his empathy for soldiers. He's got a bracelet. Obama's got a bracelet too. He cares too. Jac writes (he's live-blogging too):
"I've got a bracelet." "I've got a bracelet too!" Are these serious adults running for president, or is this summer camp?9:04: McCain gets fired up talking about Obama's willingness to talk without precondition with Ahmadinejad. Ahmadinejad is talking about exterminating Israel, he exclaims. McCain stumbles over the name Ahmadinejad a bit, and I'm not sure if he's expressing genuine hatred for the man or is just getting fired up about a strong line of attack against Obama. Obama doesn't seem that irritated. He laughs a little. When he gets his turn, Obama needles him about, among other things, Spain. McCain inserts what must be a prepared barb: "I don't even have a seal yet."
9:15: We get a "my friend" out of McCain as he says Obama is "parsing words" about "preconditions, and he emphasizes how long he's been friends with Henry Kissinger. (Obama had cited Kissinger for the proposition that we ought to speak to everyone.)
9:18: The subject is Russia. McCain accuses Obama of naivete. He says: "I looked into Putin's eyes and I saw three letters, a K, a G, and a B." McCain is reeling off names of people and places in Georgia and Ukraine. He's got a strategy of displaying experience and making Obama seem green. Obama's given a chance and he mainly says he agrees.
9:25: Much crossfire over nuclear waste.
9:26: The last question is about terrorism. The main distinction here is that Obama views Iraq as a distraction and McCain thinks it's central.
9:31: Both men have been sharp and clear, and I haven't noticed mistakes. As expected, McCain is more passionate, but he never crossed the line into irascibility. Obama is cooler, but he never fell into that professorial mode that he uses sometimes. He certainly didn't stumble and babble incoherently, which is what his opponents say he does.
9:48: They didn't much go for that idea of talking directly to each other, did they? I mean, other than Obama's frequent assertion that McCain was getting something wrong.
9:54: In the end, I'd say, McCain made more good points and got in more punches, but Obama stood his ground and maintained his stature on stage next to McCain, even as McCain repeatedly tried to portray him as a lightweight. I should add that McCain never seemed too old, short, or lacking in vigor, even on HDTV. Obama looked fine too, and I never saw that upturned face, with the eyes gazing downward, that made him seem supercilious in those old debates with Hillary Clinton.


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NEW Coach Brown Nolita 15 Monogram Signature Canvas Pouch Clutch Purse Bag
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Shipping is complementary in the United States. We typically ship within two to three business days of receipt of payment unless noted on product page. All items are shipped via USPS or UPS unless a specific request for an alternative carrier is made.
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International shipping is available. Shipping costs will apply, and will be added at checkout. Import tax is the responsibility of the customer. Please contact us with any questions regarding international shipping.
When will my order ship?
It depends whether the item is currently in stock or has to be ordered from our suppliers. All items in stock are shipped within 1-4 business days once payment is confirmed. Please contact us prior to placing an order if time sensitive so we can provide a specific time frame for shipping.
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We use all major carriers and local courier partners. USPS is typically the service we use for domestic shipping and UPS for international shipping.
At Fin and Mo, our goal is to ensure that you are completely satisfied with every purchase. We will accept returns on most items for the exception of items marked final sale, discounted orders, pre-order & special orders. Returns must be requested within 3 days from the day order was delivered. All returns are refunded via store credit to be used towards a future purchase.
All returned items must be in the same condition as when they were purchased and must include all original accessories and paperwork including but not limited to: original tags, original packaging, dust bags, care cards, etc. DO NOT REMOVE the plastic security tag attached to your item or return won't be accepted. Return shipping is the responsibility of the customer.
Your return will be processed and inspected within 7 days of delivery to Fin and Mo (usually much sooner), and you'll be notified via email when your Fin and Mo Site Credit is available. Original shipping cost will be deducted from the total amount refunded. Certain items may be subjected to a restocking fee.
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Cryptocurrency investing can be overwhelming and time-consuming. With thousands of cryptocurrencies and tokens to choose from, how can you find the hidden gems and make informed investment decisions? We'll be sharing our Token Metrics review with you to answer all your questions. The platform is designed to make cryptocurrency research easier and provide valuable insight to help you make better investment decisions. We'll discuss the features, pricing, pros and cons, and alternatives to Token Metrics, as well as how to get started using this powerful platform.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- What is Token Metrics?
- Benefits of Token Metrics
3.1. Make informed investment decisions
3.2. Simplified research process
3.3. Access to expert insights - How Token Metrics Work
4.1. AI-powered analysis
4.2. Quantitative data and ratings
4.3. Human expertise - Key Features of Token Metrics
5.1. 5.1
5.2. Portfolio builder
5.3. Price predictions
5.4. Token Metrics TV - Token Metrics Plans and Pricing
6.1. HODLer Plan
6.2. Investor Plan
6.3. Professional Plan - The Pros and Cons Of Token Metrics
- Token Metrics Alternatives
- Token Metrics Getting Started
- Conclusion
- FAQs
What are Token Metrics?
Token Metrics, an AI-driven cryptocurrency research and analytics platform, is designed to assist investors in making data-driven decision. The platform combines artificial intelligence, quantitative data, and expert insights to provide comprehensive information on various cryptocurrencies, their potential, and their performance. Token Metrics aims to simplify the research process and give users access to expert analysis, investment ratings, price predictions, and more.
Benefits of Token Metrics
Make informed investment decisions
Token Metrics offers users in-depth analysis of cryptocurrencies and ratings to help them make informed investments. By using the platform, investors can gain valuable insights into the potential of different tokens and make better choices for their portfolios.
Simple research process
This platform makes cryptocurrency research easier by bringing together a wide range of information. Token Metrics makes it easy for investors to find the right information they are looking for.
Access to expert insights
Token Metrics has a team that includes data scientists, analysts, and researchers. They provide expert insight and recommendations to users. These experts curate and rate the information on the platform to ensure users get accurate and reliable data.
How Token Metrics Works
Token Metrics uses a combination of artificial intelligence, quantitative data, and human expertise to provide users with a comprehensive understanding of various cryptocurrencies. Let's take a closer look at how these elements work together.
AI-powered analysis
The platform uses artificial intelligence to predict and analyze the performance of different cryptocurrency cryptocurrencies. To generate insights and predictions about tokens, the AI algorithms analyze market data, social sentiment, project fundamentals, and other factors.
Quantitative ratings and data
Token Metrics collects a vast amount of data from different sources, including market data, on-chain data, and social media data. This data is then used to create quantitative ratings, which help investors to quickly identify high-potential cryptocurrencies.
Human expertise
Token Metrics combines the power of AI with the expertise of human analysts to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the platform's analysis. These experts review the AI-generated data and provide their insights and recommendations, ensuring users receive the best possible information.
Key Features of Token Metrics
Token Metrics provides a variety of features to meet the needs of crypto investors. The key features include:
Investment Ratings
The platform provides investment ratings for various cryptocurrencies, helping users to quickly identify tokens with high growth potential. These ratings are based on a combination of quantitative data and expert insights.
Portfolio builder
Token Metrics provides a portfolio building tool that allows users create and manage their own cryptocurrency portfolios. The tool provides recommendations on which tokens to include in the portfolio, based on the user's risk tolerance and investment goals.
Price predictions
The platform uses AI algorithms to predict cryptocurrency prices. These forecasts can be used to help investors make better choices about when they should buy or sell tokens.
Token Metrics TV
Token Metrics TV is an exclusive video content platform that provides users with expert insights, interviews, and educational content related to cryptocurrency investing.
Token Metrics Pricing and Plans
Token Metrics offers three subscription options to suit different budgets and user needs:
HODLer plan
The HODLer plan is the entry-level plan. It's designed for beginners and casual investors. This plan gives you access to the most basic features such as portfolio builder, investment ratings, and price predictions. The HODLer Plan is priced at $19.99 per month.
Investor Plan
The Investor Plan is designed for more experienced investors who require advanced features and tools. The HODLer plan includes all the features, but users can also access Token Metrics TV and exclusive webinars. The Investor Plan is priced at $99.99 per month.
Professional Package
The Professional Plan is for experienced traders and investors who require detailed data and insight. This plan offers all the features of the Investor Plan, along with priority support, a dedicated account manager, and access to premium research reports. The Professional Plan costs $299.99 per Month.
Click here to sign up to Token Metrics today!
Pros and Cons of Token Metrics
- Research and analysis of all aspects of cryptocurrency
- AI-powered price predictions
- Expert insights and recommendations
- User-friendly interface with tools
- Subscription plans may be expensive for some users
- Not all cryptocurrencies are covered by the platform
- Prices predictions might not always be correct
Token Metrics Alternatives
While Token Metrics offers a comprehensive platform for cryptocurrency research and analysis, there are other alternatives in the market that you might want to consider. These are some of the most popular alternatives:
- CoinGecko: A widely-used platform that offers market data, charts, and rankings for various cryptocurrencies.
- CryptoCompare is a platform that offers cryptocurrency market data, charts and tools as well as a community-driven place for discussion and insights.
- Santiment: A data-driven platform focused on providing on-chain, social, and development data for various cryptocurrencies.
Token Metrics Getting Started
Token Metrics is easy to get started. These are the steps you need to follow in order to get started with Token Metrics.
- Visit the Token Metrics website: Head to tokenmetrics.com to access the platform.
- Register for an account. Click on the "Get Started" button to register for a new account. Set a password and provide your name and email address.
- Choose a subscription program: Select which plan best suits you, whether you're a HODLer or an Investor. Remember, each plan offers different features and tools, so choose the one that aligns with your investment goals and budget.
- Complete the payment process: Enter your payment information and complete the transaction to activate your subscription.
- Explore the platform: Once you've signed up and activated your subscription, you can start exploring the platform's features, such as investment ratings, price predictions, and the portfolio builder tool.
- Watch Token Metrics TV and attend webinars: To get the most out of your subscription, make sure you watch Token Metrics TV and attend webinars for expert insights, interviews and educational content.
Token Metrics is a powerful platform that simplifies the cryptocurrency research process and provides valuable insights to help investors make informed decisions. Token Metrics is a great resource for novice and experienced investors. It combines AI-driven analysis, quantitative information, and expert insight. While the subscription plans may be expensive for some users, the platform offers a range of features and tools that can help you better understand and navigate the complex world of cryptocurrency investing.
Click here to sign up to Token Metrics today!
1. Is Token Metrics suitable for beginners?
Token Metrics can be used by beginners, particularly if they choose the HODLer plan, which is intended for casual investors or those just starting out with cryptocurrency investing.
2. How accurate are Token Metrics' price predictions?
Token Metrics' AI algorithms attempt to predict prices accurately, but it is important to keep in mind that no prediction can ever be 100% correct. Market conditions and external factors can impact cryptocurrency prices, and investors should use the predictions as a guide rather than a guarantee.
3. Can I change my Token Metrics subscription plan?
Yes, you can upgrade or downgrade your subscription plan by contacting Token Metrics support or managing your account settings.
4. What is the frequency of Token Metrics data updates?
Token Metrics is constantly updating its data in order to give users the most current and accurate information. Most data points are updated on a daily basis, while some, like price predictions, are updated more frequently.
5. Is there any free resource on Token Metrics
Yes, Token Metrics offers a free newsletter and a blog that features educational content, news, and insights related to cryptocurrency investing. These resources may not be as extensive as the paid features on the platform, but they still offer valuable information.


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The authors write:
Evans and colleagues proposed that haplogroup D originated from a lineage separated from modern humans for 1.1 million years and introgressed into the human gene pool by 37,000 years ago, probably from a Neanderthal stock [4].This is a great paper in view of the recent controversy about modern human-Neandertal admixture. I have been on the skeptic camp, and this certainly strengthens my African structure thesis.
However, simulation approaches have shown that two key hypotheses of this model, namely positive selection and admixture, can be relaxed as long as Eurasia was settled from an African population that was both subdivided and under expansion [5]. Interestingly, variation in neurocranial geometry have recently suggested significant levels of geographic structure among early modern humans from Africa [6]. In addition, no direct empirical evidence supports a third key component of the model, ie. that Neanderthals carried alleles of the D haplogroup.
There is a broad agreement that the contribution of archaic Homo populations to the modern gene pool, if any, must have been very limited [33], [34]. Different lines of evidence concur to suggest that the dispersal of anatomically modern humans from Africa was accompanied by repeated founder effects [35]–[38]. If these founder effects were drastic, most or all gene genealogies should actually be shallow, and hence the occurrence of ancient splits would imply some degree of introgression from archaic human forms. However, different consequences would be expected if only mild founder effects occurred when anatomically modern humans moved out of Africa. Under these conditions, gene trees would have a strong random component, and a certain fraction thereof, even in the absence of selection, would show two highly divergent major lineages [39]. The likelihood of finding gene genealogies with a very old common ancestor and very differentiated lineages would be even higher if the source African population was subdivided and structured genetically before dispersal, which is what most studies clearly suggest [40]–[43]. These theoretical considerations are actually matched by consistent results in simulation studies [5], [34], [44] and by variation in neurocranial geometry, suggesting significant levels of geographic structure among early modern humans from Africa [6].
The Microcephalin Ancestral Allele in a Neanderthal Individual
Martina Lari et al.
The high frequency (around 0.70 worlwide) and the relatively young age (between 14,000 and 62,000 years) of a derived group of haplotypes, haplogroup D, at the microcephalin (MCPH1) locus led to the proposal that haplogroup D originated in a human lineage that separated from modern humans >1 million years ago, evolved under strong positive selection, and passed into the human gene pool by an episode of admixture circa 37,000 years ago. The geographic distribution of haplogroup D, with marked differences between Africa and Eurasia, suggested that the archaic human form admixing with anatomically modern humans might have been Neanderthal.
Methodology/Principal Findings
Here we report the first PCR amplification and high- throughput sequencing of nuclear DNA at the microcephalin (MCPH1) locus from Neanderthal individual from Mezzena Rockshelter (Monti Lessini, Italy). We show that a well-preserved Neanderthal fossil dated at approximately 50,000 years B.P., was homozygous for the ancestral, non-D, allele. The high yield of Neanderthal mtDNA sequences of the studied specimen, the pattern of nucleotide misincorporation among sequences consistent with post-mortem DNA damage and an accurate control of the MCPH1 alleles in all personnel that manipulated the sample, make it extremely unlikely that this result might reflect modern DNA contamination.
The MCPH1 genotype of the Monti Lessini (MLS) Neanderthal does not prove that there was no interbreeding between anatomically archaic and modern humans in Europe, but certainly shows that speculations on a possible Neanderthal origin of what is now the most common MCPH1 haplogroup are not supported by empirical evidence from ancient DNA.


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Judgment of the Court of Justice, Lütticke, case 4/69 (28 April 1971)
TextSource and copyright
Source: Reports of Cases before the Court. 1971. [s.l.].
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Report From RIRA President Ellen Polivy - Updates Status of Cornell Negotiations, Urges Attendance at February 6 Planning Commission Meeting, Requests Answers To Roosevelt Island Emergency Preparedness Poll And More
Roosevelt Island Residents Association (RIRA) President Ellen Polivy sends the following Report To The Community:
When I ran for RIRA President, my goal was to foster an involved, compassionate, and politically powerful community. We are moving faster than I envisioned. In this column I want to talk about the impact a large group makes. I hope this moves you to show up to the Cornell NYC Tech New York City Planning Commission meeting described below. Roosevelt Island needs to have a huge turnout for the Planning Commission meeting on February 6.
RICC is a sprint
The Roosevelt Island Community Coalition (RICC) is an expanding umbrella group of 35 organizations including RIRA that wants to make sure that our community is treated fairly when important decisions are being made about zoning, land use and construction of the Cornell campus. We are in discussion with Cornell to discuss our needs and concerns and give them the opportunity to be good neighbors. I'm pleased to report that we are making progress and our efforts have impressed all elected and appointed officials and Cornell.
We have developed a positive working relationship with key people at Cornell as well as the ultimate decision makers - elected officials and staff members in NYC agencies and departments. Elected officials have given us time to express our concerns and have been seriously advocating for us. Many of our requests are not simple. We can't expect that they will happen overnight. Many of them require agreement and movement by multiple agencies. But we have put things in motion.
RICC is directed by a group of talented people who each bring their unique skill. This small group has collectively donated thousands of hours to volunteer on a project that they believe will determine the future of Roosevelt Island.
Perhaps our most important accomplishment is bringing together representatives of thirty-five community organizations to create our document of wants and needs. These groups were willing be give input and time to be involved in this incredibly long but never boring process of planning, negotiating and testifying. We want to bring more people to the table.
If you're an architect, a city planner, an engineer, or a builder or have any skills that might be helpful– we hope you will become involved. If you're not in any of those professions, but you're smart and willing to work, let us know! RICC Board members have been working hard on this. But, now it is your time to help. We need your help showing up at the City Planning Commission hearing for a show of support. Many in our group have developed testimony that will be useful for the the City Planning Commission hearing. We will be meeting at 8:45 on Wednesday, February 6 at the Senior Center to travel on the subway together.
Forty meetings in Five months
What's been happening since August when we held our first focus group? We've spoken at eleven Community Board 8 meetings , orchestrated two public hearings, had our requests passed unanimously by the Community Board spoke at the Astoria/LIC community board (CB1 Queens). We met three times with City Councilmember Jessica Lappin and her staff, met staff members at Borough President Scott Stringer's office, spoke with State officials Assemblymember Micah Kellner and his staff, Senator Jose Serrano and his staff and Acting RIOC President Don Lewis and staff . We regularly meet with the folks from Cornell. All have remarked that our preparation and large turnouts have been an impressive show of community involvement. We have been treated with the respect that this preparation deserves.
I am awed, seeing how quickly a community can come together for a common goal. Being involved with this process has been a privilege. I have had the opportunity to work with some very smart people who all pull in the same direction. Try that experience some time. It's a hoot. As a community, we all should be very proud of our successes and our ability to mobilize. I hope that more people will start to join us and come out to the public hearing or send in comments. For a comment template, email email@example.com .
RIRA is the Marathon
If RICC is a sprint, RIRA is a marathon of community involvement. Your representatives work hard at lots of activities for the Island.
I would like to highlight two RIRA Common Council committees that work incredibly hard to make a difference for the residents of the Island. Their efforts are crucial as they pay attention to the day to day life on the Island and to activities that bring joy to our lives. To volunteer or ask questions, You can reach me and both committees through email@example.com .
Social Cultural and Educational committee headed by Lynne Shinozaki is in the process of planning an Easter Egg Hunt (March 30), the annual Cherry Blossom Festival (April 13), and a new event based on a grant received by Christina Delfico, "Love Your Block."(April 20) More about these activities coming up .
Island Services Committee headed by Aaron Hamburger keeps an eye on the services that make our Island run. Its members intervene when a service doesn't work as well as it could. Currently the members are paying attention to our red bus routes and schedules, our new Public Library plans, parks and playgrounds, the Main Street corridor development and Motorgate. It is also advocating for a full service pharmacy. For more information on issues or bring to our attention new issues and concerns e-mail or phone (212-758-2623). Aaron will deal with the issue or direct the resident to the proper person on the committee who can handle the item.
The RIRA poll. In my last column, I announced the first RIRA poll to help each other in the event of another natural disaster and for civic activism. Click here to fill out the poll.