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Category: Vertical Pages
The "Vertical Menu Pages" option on the Admin menu brings up a form that allows you to add new pages to your web site. You can enter either HTML source code or just plain text in these new pages.
To add a new page quickly, go to the Home page of your site once your are logged in and hover over a Horizontal tab. From here, click the Add Page link and this will allow you to create a new page.
Heads-up! Horizontal tabs can only contain 16 top-level pages, however, you can add unlimited nested pages to the site using the Place Under option found below.
Page Properties
- Page Name
- This is the menu caption that will appear on the page tab once created. Also make sure your caption isn't already in use on the same menu.
- Page Type
- Select from different page types including a custom blank page, or one of out pre-built pages.
- Publish On
- This field will be filled in automatically with today's date whenever you create a page. You can change this to a date in the future if you'd like to hide the page until that time. Hidden pages will not be visible to the public but administrators logged in with page editing rights will still be able see them with a line through their menu text indicating their hidden status. This allows you access to edit or reinstate hidden pages by clicking their edit icon on the page itself. Enter any date you wish as long as it is in the correct format: "MM-DD-YYYY" or "MM/DD/YYYY." If left blank, the page will be assumed to be visible immediately.
- Expires After
- This field specifies the date after which the page will no longer be displayed to the public. You can use this feature to hide or archive pages during periods where they're not relevant or until needed later. Hidden pages will still exist in the system but will not be visible to the public. They will however appear with a line through their menu text when you're logged in with rights to edit pages. This allows you to edit or reinstate hidden pages by clicking their edit icon on the page itself. As above, dates should be in the format: "MM-DD-YYYY" or "MM/DD/YYYY." Since this field is optional, you can leave it blank in order to indicate that the page should not expire.
- Password
- You can optionally password protect this page by entering a password here. If specified, visitors will be prompted to enter the password before they can view the page.
- "New" Alert Icon
- If selected, the flashing new icon will show on this page until the visitor clicks on the page.
- Place Under
- Select the menu on which to display a link to your new page. Choose either a top level menu tab or another page. If you choose another page, the current page will become a sub-page, or "nested" under the parent page. You can build a tree structured menu of pages in this way.
- Arrange
- Use this window to arrange the page position as you want it to appear on your site.
Edit Page Content
Deleting a page
To delete a page from your site, login as a site admin and go directly to the page you want to remove. In the top right corner of the page click the Delete button to delete the page.
- Page
- This is the path to this page on your website.
- Optionally enter the address of another web page you'd like this page to be redirected to when its menu item is clicked. If you check the "New Window" box to the right, the page will be displayed in a new browser window.
- Margin
- This entry determines the amount of whitespace that will appear to the right and left of your page entry. This amount is entered in pixels and set to a default of 10 for all new pages created.
- Page Colors
- Use the Background, Text and Link color fields to specify colors for your page. Use the palette buttons to select colors from a pop up display or type RGB color values directly.
You can also choose to make the page's background transparent by clicking that choice on the pop up display or by simply typing the word "transparent" into the background field. In this case, the site's background will be used.
Note: If you leave any of these fields blank (the default), your message will inherit its colors from those specified on the Page Content form. If you make it a practice of not entering colors for individual pages, you can use the Appearance page settings to globally change all your pages. This will also make for a more consistent look throughout your site. For this reason, it is recommended that you only enter color values on the page form for pages that need to be different for some reason. - Text Window
- Use the large text editing window to compose or paste your page's text. If you are using most any modern browser, you will be able to take advantage of our WYSIWYG editor to format your page.
Adding a link on a page
You can link to a page or document in any content area on your site by highlighting some text or image within the Text Window, and clicking the link icon in the editor's toolbar.
Video Tutorial
After you submit the form, your new page will appear on the menu of your choice. If you've already logged into the Admin area, your page will have three icons at the top. The first can be used to edit the page properties. The second can be used to bring up the entry form for editing. You can then edit the text, change the menu, or the page's menu caption. The third button can be used to delete the page altogether.


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This Web was compiled from a variety of sources including the online resources listed below, but is not intended to substitute or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your child's health care provider. The content provided here is for informational purposed only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease. Please consult your child's health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition.
This page contains links to other Internet sites with information about high-risk newborns. We hope you find these sites helpful, but please remember we do not control or endorse the information presented on these websites, nor do these sites endorse the information contained here.
American Academy of Pediatrics
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant Examiners
International Lactation Consultant Association
National Down Syndrome Congress
National Down Syndrome Society
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
National Human Genome Research Institute
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
© 2024 Stanford Medicine Children's Health

subset: commoncrawl


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Partnership with American University in Cairo Off to a Great Start
This January, the American University in Cairo hosted a 10-day long project-management training program in partnership with the Monterey Institute. The program was modeled on the popular Development Project Management Institute (DPMI) program that has been offered several times a year on the Monterey Institute campus, as well as other locations.
Dr. Beryl Levinger, Chair of the MIIS Public Administration program, was the primary instructor at the DPMI training and was joined by Dr. Jennifer Bremer, her counterpart at the AUC. "It was the best program I have been part of," says professor Levinger, and adds that the mix of Monterey Institute and AUC students made "every conversation a learning opportunity."
"DPMI Cairo was nothing short of spectacular," says Tyler Steer (MPA '11), who participated in the DPMI training program for the second time in the partnership program with AUC. "Every aspect of the course related to real development issues in Egypt, and the practical tools we learned were enhanced simply by the location. This was certainly the most impactful class I have taken at MIIS."
For More Information
Jason Warburg
Eva Gudbergsdottir


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Oil - Quart
A fully synthetic oil for use all year round. Specially developed for high performance engines. Provides excellent protection against wear under severe running conditions at both high and low extremes of temperatures.
Viscosity: SAE 10W-40
Grade: API SJ, ACEA A3/B3
Please be careful when ordering this product, it has limitations that differ from our General 30-day Return Policy. After all, we want you to be satisfied with your order so you'll return again and again as an iboats.com customer, and to also recommend us to your boating friends
- Volvo Penta Store
An item(s) may be returned within the first 30 days after the item(s) is shipped to you. Merchandise must be in new, unused condition with all original packaging in good condition; plus parts, accessories, manuals, and/or warranty cards included. You will need to receive a return authorization number (RA #) as well as instructions from our Customer Service Department.
Warranty: Volvo Penta parts carry a (1) year manufacturers warranty. Should the part you received fail after install, take a copy of the receipt to an authorized Volvo Penta dealer for a warranty evaluation. If determined that the part failed due to a defect the Volvo dealer will supply a replacement part to the consumer. If needed the Volvo dealer could assist in installation of the new part at his normal labor rate. If you need assistance finding the closest dealer number please contact our Customer Service Department.


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Call it a Hollywood ending. In Argo, a CIA operative enlists the help of moviemakers to concoct a fake film that would get real State Department hostages out of fractious Tehran. On Sunday night, at the 85th Academy Awards ceremony, now officially called The Oscars, Argo won the Best Picture award. "It doesn't matter how you get knocked down in life," said Ben Affleck, the movie's star, director and co-producer, as if channeling Rocky Balboa. "All that matters is that you get up."
He may have meant missing out on being a Best Director finalist when the Academy nominations were announced on Jan. 10. (With nine Picture nominees and only five Directors, four auteurs were bound to be shut out.) Affleck had played that slight masterfully, making a movie that had long been an Oscar frontrunner into a winsome underdog. In the process, Argo became the first film since Driving Miss Daisy in 1990, and only the fourth in Academy history, to win Best Picture without a nomination for its director. That prize went to Ang Lee for his rapturous Life of Pi: the second time he's been named Best Director but not won Best Picture. (His Brokeback Mountain lost to Crash in 2006.)
(READ: Why Argo was destined to win Best Picture)
The Acting awards went pretty much as forecast. Daniel Day-Lewis, the prohibitive favorite for Lincoln, is now the only person in Oscar history to have won three Best Actor awards. Anne Hathaway, another lock, parlayed her shorn, forlorn Fantine from Les Misérables into a Supporting Actress statuette. Jennifer Lawrence took Best Actress for her role as the young, mixed-up widow in Silver Linings Playbook. Christoph Waltz may have been a mild upset for Supporting Actor (unless you followed TIME.com's Oscar predictions), but he has copped an Academy Award every time he's been in a Quentin Tarantino movie: twice, for the 2009 Inglourious Basterds and now Django Unchained.
(SEE: The Full list of the 2013 Oscar winners)
Offered perhaps the strongest slate of Best Picture nominees since 1939 (when the 10 finalists were Gone With the Wind, The Wizard of Oz, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Ninotchka, Stagecoach, Dark Victory, Love Affair, Wuthering Heights, Of Mice and Men and Goodbye, Mr. Chips), the Academy voters spread the love around. The big six awards — Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, Supporting Actor, Supporting Actress — went to six different movies (again, for the first time since 2006). Of the nine films on this year's shortlist, eight won Oscars. Even the one wallflower, Beasts of the Southern Wild, had a treat for its elfin star Quvenzhané Wallis: earlier in the day, she was announced as the lead in a new film version of the musical Annie.
(PHOTOS: The portrait of Quvenzhané Wallis in TIME's Great Performances folio)
The prizes for the other Best Picture nominees:
¶Life of Pi, 4: Director (Ang Lee), Cinematography (Claudio Miranda), Score (Mychael Danna), Visual Effects
¶Argo, 3: Picture, Adapted Screenplay (Chris Terrio), Editing (William Goldenberg)
¶Les Misérables, 3: Supporting Actress (Anne Hathaway), Sound Mixing, Makeup and Hairstyling
¶Lincoln, 2: Actor (Daniel Day-Lewis), Production Design (Rick Carter)
¶Django Unchained, 2: Supporting Actor (Christoph Waltz), Original Screenplay (Quentin Tarantino)
¶Silver Linings Playbook, 1: Actress (Jennifer Lawrence)
¶Amour, 1: Foreign Language Film
¶Zero Dark Thirty, ½: Sound Editing
Zero Dark Thirty got a half-vote? In a way: the film shared its Sound Editing Oscar with Skyfall — only the sixth time Oscar has named multiple winners. (The two biggies: Wallace Beery and Fredric March for Best Actor in 1932, Katharine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand for Best Actress in 1969.) The sound editors don't get joint custody of the award; each was handed a gold-plated Oscar. But the near shut-out of Zero Dark Thirty indicated how, whenever the voters had a chance to be the tiniest bit radical, they collapsed toward the center.
(ZDT REVIEW: The Girl Who Got bin Laden)
ZDT, like Argo, a CIA-officer-as-Mideast-hero movie, came from the director-writing tandem of Kathryn Bigelow and Mark Boal, who won Oscars galore three years ago with their previous war-on-terror film The Hurt Locker. But the attacks on their new movie from Senators in Washington's liberal establishment seemed to scare off the members of Hollywood's liberal establishment. Bigelow was left off the Director shortlist — this, not the omission of Affleck, was the true shock of the nominations announcements — and ZDT won its half-award for the BANG and BOOM of war, not for its vigorous depiction of the ethical price a nation is willing to pay to catch the bad guy.
(SEE: TIME's cover story on Zero Dark Thirty's Kathryn Bigelow)
In a ragged, three-and-a-half-hour show hosted with more smarm than charm by Seth MacFarlane, creator of rowdy TV cartoons (Family Guy, American Dad) and one live-action movie (Ted), showbiz self-love was often on display. Argo, the first Best Picture since Crash seven years ago to win as few as three Oscars, also took Adapted Screenplay and Editing. And Searching for Sugar Man, the very agreeable tale of the little-known Detroit singer-songwriter Rodriguez, who became a mysterious pop star in South Africa, was named Best Documentary Feature over four political films on life-and-death matters (AIDS, the Israeli-Palestinian conundrum, and sexual abuse of women in the U.S. military). The Academy went for feel-good over think-hard.
(READ: James Poniewozik's takedown of the Oscar TV show)
For Animated Feature, the voters might have selected the eye-popping comedy Wreck-It Ralph — it would have been the first in-house Walt Disney Studio production to win in that category — but favored the more stately Pixar drama Brave. (Pixar also won Animated Short: Paperman.) They were similarly cautious in their choice of Best Actress. They might, should have rewarded the brilliant performances by the all-time youngest Best Actress nominee, Wallis, 9, and the oldest, Amour's Emmanuelle Riva, who spent her 86th birthday in an aisle seat at the Dolby Theatre. Another tie would have been almost poetically apt. But Wallis and Riva were either too young or too old. Or, as an indie gamine and a Frenchwoman who never showed interest in Hollywood, they were too outside. So they watched as the 22-year-old Lawrence tripped on her bedspread of a gown as she strode to the stage to accept the only Oscar Silver Linings Playbook would win.
(READ: Corliss's review of Silver Linings Playbook)
For all the awards lavished on Argo, the movie that regularly evoked the strongest cheers was Life of Pi. We've said before that the Academy votes for the ones they love over the ones they admire. That goes for Life of Pi over Lincoln in the number of prizes (four to two) — and for Lee's Best Director win over Steven Spielberg. Not that the members hate the 65-year-old boy wonder. But they luuuvvv the friendly, fiercely driven Taiwan helmer and his against-all-odds achievement with the movie about the boy on the raft with the tiger. Given that the smart money has been on Argo for Best Picture for more than a month, the only suspense in a major category was Director. With that win, the Academy gave Ang Lee his own Hollywood ending.


text: Space | 16. June 2011 | posted by Jan Wörner One more time! In my last blog entry, I focussed on a farewell to the shuttle fleet and some observations on the paradigm shift occurring in the space sector. Space Shuttle Endeavour has now landed safely and Atlantis is being prepared for launch. Images of the International Space Station (ISS) with Space Shuttle Endeavour and docked with the European space transporter ATV 'Johannes Kepler', taken from a Soyuz capsule as it was departing, already have historical value. This time, I would like to focus on my reappointment as Chairman of the DLR Executive Board and on the aspects that will be of central importance in my ongoing work. On 15 June 2011, the Appointments Committee of the DLR Senate recommended that I be invited to serve in my post for a further five-year term, starting on 1 March 2012. The activities and discussions leading to this reappointment were not easy for me. At my age, it is not trivial to commit oneself to a five-year period and, to some extent, it limits other employment possibilities. Once this new term of office is over, I will be 62 years of age – certainly not an age at which one can embark on new ventures as a younger person might. All that having been said, I greatly look forward to continuing in this post, and would like to take this opportunity to thank all those who have helped me in so many different ways in the past few months. I would also like to thank those who were willing to, intensively and on repeated occasions, discuss the matter that has been concerning me greatly, that of my personal future. Now that the decision has been made, it is time to begin planning my second term in office. My main views on organisation, management and working structures, as well as on decision-making and assigning responsibilities, remain essentially unchanged. Needless to say, a number of specific points must be addressed, such as securing the future of the European Transonic Windtunnel (ETW), the development of German national expertise in the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) project, DLR contributions on the subject of electrically powered mobility and the planned change to the appointment of project management organisations by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; BMBF). At this point, I would however like to itemise a few general (and additional) points that will play a role in my work over the coming years: the development of DLR under the theme 'Continuity and Evolution' research, transfer, and administration as central points further scientific development of DLR anticipation and cooperative shaping of (societal) changes intensification of internal and external collaborative ventures with research institutes, fields of research, academia and industry operation of DLR within the Helmholtz Association positioning of DLR I look forward to continuing to work for DLR and within DLR - and hope for broad support both internally and externally.


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Software Map
Project Tree
Now limiting view to projects in the following categories:
Natural Language :: French [Remove This Filter]
Programming Language :: R [Remove This Filter]
License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License (GPL) [Remove This Filter]
Topic > Database > R Interfaces |
Browse By: |
2 projects in result set.
0. Fish Migration Monitoring (stacomiR) - stacomiR stands for migratory control stations. It enables to read informations in a database dedicated to the monitoring of fish migrations.It allows to build overviews of fish migrations and create charts with data. | |
Activity Percentile: 0.00 Registered: 2011-02-23 20:04 |
1. SeqinR: Biological Sequences in R - The seqinR package for the R environment contains utilities to retrieve and analyse biological sequences. | |
Activity Percentile: 0.00 Registered: 2008-07-28 09:03 |


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The page you have attempted to reach is not at the address you entered. Please use our search tools to find the information you need. If you require additional assistance, please email [email protected] for help or contact the State Bar Service Center at 800-582-2452.
We are very sorry for the inconvenience you've experienced.


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Need to know the opening times for Barclays in Southall? This is the bankopeningtimes.co.uk page for the Barclays in Southall branch. Here you'll find address details, telephone number and map location.
Counter service closes at 14:00 (closed on Saturdays)
Find the exact location of Barclays in Southall with Google Maps - click the map to zoom in and out and find out where the Barclays in Southall branch is located.
Search for another Barclays branch
Whether you're at work and need to find your nearest branch, or need to know if Barclays in Southall is open on Saturdays, Bankopeningtimes.co.uk is a UK bank directory with details for local branches across the UK.
The bank details listed here for the Barclays in Southall branch are for guidance purposes. We recommend you ring the Barclays, Southall branch before visiting to confirm any enquiries.
Other Banks Nearby
These are the opening times and address details for the Barclays in Southall branch, but there are other banks in the area too – see below for other nearby bank branches:
There are likely to be a number of Barclays branches in your surrounding area - use bankopeningtimes.co.uk to find out if Barclays in Southall is your nearest branch.
Edit Details
Help us keep the UK Bank directory as up to date as possible. If you know that any of the address details or opening times for Barclays in Southall are incorrect or have changed, please let us know by clicking on the following link:


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You are receiving this email as part of a SEPA Distribution. This email goes out to all agencies, cities and interested parties.Please check the location of the SEPA listed below. If you are representing an incorporated city it may not pertain to you. Parcel Number: 380326539028Address: 2180 Dellesta DriveSEPA Case Number: SEP2019-00078Notice of ApplicationIf you have questions, please contact Planning and Development Services at [email protected] or call 360-778-5900.
Copyright 2017 Whatcom County, Washington. All Rights Reserved.311 Grand Ave. Bellingham, WA 98225


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A new Scops owl has just been described from Príncipe, an island in the Gulf of Guinea. Scientists confirmed its presence in 2016, although suspicions of its occurrence date from 1998. Testimony from locals suggests they knew of the bird as early as 1928. The Príncipe Scops-owl, Otus bikegila, was described based on morphology, plumage characters, vocalisations and genetics. Vocalisations of this species represented an important trait to differentiate it from other species of Otus. Extensive field surveys lead to the recommendation that this species should be listed as 'Critically Endangered'.
Príncipe Scops-owl Otus bikegila
What is xeno-canto?
xeno-canto is a website dedicated to sharing wildlife sounds from all over the world. Whether you are a research scientist, a birder, or simply curious about a sound that you heard out your kitchen window, we invite you to listen, download, and explore the wildlife sound recordings in the collection.
But xeno-canto is more than just a collection of recordings. It is also a collaborative project. We invite you to share your own recordings, help identify mystery recordings, or share your expertise in the forums. Welcome!
Latest News
Julien Birard is the only recordist contributing from Chad so far, and he adds another set of recordings. Excellent. Thanks for sharing!
... another set by Dante Buzzetti, from Brazil, who has been doggedly digitising his cassette tapes for 5 years now. His collection of recordings is one of the many gems hidden in Xeno-canto. Many more to follow hopefully!
.... we were down for more than a day! Sorry about that. Manpower arriving at monday morning seems to have sorted it pretty quickly. We'll have a proper look.
... apparently a server crashed, the silicon bits. We're on a different server now.
1 replies :: Your reply
A cool article in The Guardian on Seán Ronayne, from Irish Wildlife Sounds on his mission to document Irish bird song. He's been sharing his recordings here on XC for years. Keep it up, Seán!
Random Recording
Try this!
Improving the maps
Spot a map with an apparent mistake? Let us know. Or rather let Rolf de By know, at firstname.lastname@example.com. Read this article to learn more about the maps on XC.
Latest Articles
- meine XC-ids .. schnellwhlordner ..gezeigt in kurfilm..playliste u-tube by bzcuhlA03n
- the year 2013 of me in augsburg .. gathered by former..tutors-in-XC ... . by bzcuhlA03n
- Exploring duration as an acoustic cue to distinguish between Sylvia atricapilla (Blackcap) and Sylvia borin (Garden warbler) by Sidney Martin
- divergent weather..affairs at shown here XC-ids in bobingen/bayern by bzcuhlA03n
- more or less well analyzed Tits of me by bzcuhlA03n
- More...


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Laura Calders Nicoise Salad |
Laura Calder was born and brought up in the province of New Brunswick. Before delving into the cooking world, Calder studied liberal arts and linguistics in Montreal and Toronto, and later received a master's degree from the London School of Economics. She gave up a desk job in an office in Toronto to pursue her dream of becoming a chef. She moved across the country to Vancouver, British Columbia to follow her dream and study.
Her interest in French cuisine began after she worked in California in the wine industry. She met Anne Willan at a food writers' conference who told her to come to Paris to work on a book about wine and food. She was supposed to stay nine months, but ended up staying seven years. During that time, Laura fell in love with French food!!!
She is the host of "French Food at Home" which is in it's third season on the Canadian Food Network. It is a lifestyle series featuring simple French home cooking which anyone, anywhere, can make. The show is shot in a home kitchen in Nova Scotia where Laura spends her summers, and includes scenes of France, trips to the market, and glimpses of everyday French food life. Laura says, "French food is, above all, a state of mind: caring about the quality and freshness of ingredients, delighting in the kitchen, and indulging in the social and sensual life of the dinner table".
It's too bad that French food has been so widely misunderstood. People hear the words "French cuisine" and immediately think... heavy sauces, chefs in fancy restaurants and huge textbooks on pastry. In other words, when people think of French food, they imagine haute cuisine and not home cooking!!! I think the time is right for getting back to French home cooking and discovering how it has evolved, how easy it is for anyone, anywhere to make; and how appropriate it is for today.
1/2 clove garlic clove, minced
1 teaspoon tarragon vinegar
1/2 teaspoon Dijon mustard
1/4 cup mild olive oil, or half olive oil and half peanut oil
Lemon juice, to taste if needed
Salt and pepper
About 10 leaves from a head of bib lettuce
About 6 fresh basil leaves, shredded
6 cherry tomatoes, halved
6 baby red potatoes, boiled until tender, and sliced
4 ounces green beans, blanched in salted water, refreshed, and drained
3 baby artichoke hearts, cooked and quartered
1 very small purple onion, sliced very finely and separated into rings
A handful of Niçoise olives
2 hard-boiled eggs, quartered
3 or 4 anchovies
Fleur de sel and freshly ground pepper
For the dressing: whisk together the garlic, vinegar, and mustard. Whisk in the oil, adding it in a thin stream. Taste, and add some lemon if the dressing isn't sharp enough. Season with salt and pepper. Set aside.
To serve: toss the lettuce leaves with a very little bit of the vinaigrette and the shredded basil, and arrange on a platter. Toss the tomatoes, potato slices, green beans and artichoke hearts separately in a bit of vinaigrette, and arrange on the platter. Scatter over the onion and olives. Arrange the eggs on top. Season with salt and pepper, and eat.
Serves 2
You are reading this post on More Than Burnt Toast at http://morethanburnttoast.blogspot.com. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to the author/owner of More Than Burnt Toast. All rights reserved by Valerie Harrison.


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As part of NPR's national security team, Dina Temple-Raston reports about counterterrorism at home and abroad for NPR News. Her reporting can be heard on NPR's newsmagazines. She joined NPR in March 2007.
Prior to NPR, Temple-Raston was a longtime foreign correspondent for Bloomberg News in Asia. She opened Bloomberg's Shanghai and Hong Kong offices and worked for Bloomberg's financial wire and radio operations. She also served as Bloomberg News' White House correspondent during the Clinton administration and covered financial markets and economics for both USA Today and CNNfn.
Temple-Raston is an award-winning author. Her first book concerning race in America, entitled A Death in Texas, won the Barnes' and Noble Discover Award and was chosen as one of the Washington Post's Best Books of 2002. Her second book, on the role Radio Mille Collines played in fomenting the Rwandan genocide, was a Foreign Affairs magazine bestseller. Her more recent two books relate to civil liberties and national security. The first, In Defense of Our America (HarperCollins) coauthored with Anthony D. Romero, the executive director of the ACLU, looks at civil liberties in post-9/11 America. The other explores America's first so-called "sleeper cell", the Lackawanna Six, and the issues that face Muslims in America, The Jihad Next Door.
Temple-Raston holds a Bachelor's degree from Northwestern University and a Master's degree from the Columbia University's School of Journalism. She has an honorary doctorate from Manhattanville College. She was chosen for a Neiman Fellowship at Harvard in 2014 and studied the intersection of Big Data and intelligence. She was born in Belgium and French was her first language. She also speaks some Arabic. She is a U.S. citizen.


text: Space | 21. August 2013 | posted by Christian Grimm MASCOT: A 'shoebox' with complex inner workings The 'small' asteroid lander MASCOT will set off for asteroid 1999 JU3 on board the Japanese Hayabusa-2 mission at the end of 2014. Although from the outside it seems to be the size of a shoebox, the lander's stature is deceiving! Its sophisticated and highly developed payload, and its powerful communication and computing system make MASCOT a high-tech, albeit very compact, autonomous spacecraft, perfectly equipped to cope with the arduous and long mission it faces. This project has many different facets; it will face several 'first' stages during which its work will be groundbreaking. MASCOT is not just the first DLR/CNES/JAXA-cooperation, it also demonstrates how the expertise of several DLR institutes can be pooled to complete and achieve ambitious goals in tandem. What we are talking about here is a landing by the very first self-propelling measurement laboratory on an asteroid. We have already completed and successfully mastered several test campaigns this year alone. And these heady days will continue in what remains of the year. Nearly 50 different campaigns of all types and sizes are hurtling our way. With almost no opportunity to draw breath due to the numerous, sometimes parallel test activities (concurrent assembly, integration and verification), my team colleagues and I will be constantly involved in completing, preparing or following up test campaigns. But we still hope that from time to time we will have the opportunity to keep you updated on how the project is progressing. The Japanese JAXA colleagues conducting shock and vibration tests on MASCOT Thermal vacuum test: simulating the ambient conditions during flight Functional tests on the asteroid lander MASCOT (Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout) VIDEO MASCOT in the drop tower – 4.7 seconds of microgravity All images: DLR (CC-BY 3.0)


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Treat your Classic to the absolute highest quality molded carpet on the market today!
Manufactured utilizing modern textile chemistry, this revolutionary new 80%-20% Rayon/Nylon blend yarn will duplicate the appearance and fit ofy our original loop carpet. This all new carpet eliminates the problems of poor abrasion resistance and shedding of fibers, while providing excellent protection against color fading, offering a level of durability previously unavailable.
This all new carpet simply looks better and lasts longer than the original!
Made in USA
Important: Due to variations in factory interior options (bucket seats, bench seat, floor shift...etc.), minor trimmi ng may be required for proper fit.


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TIA or Transient Ischemic Attack can be described as a mini-stroke. While a TIA does not necessarily cause serious damage to the brain, it is a serious "brain attack". TIA's look just like a regular stroke except that the symptoms disappear in less than 24 hours and many times theRead More
Tag: 93773
Seizures happen when there is an interruption to the electrical activity of the brain. Though there are several types of seizures, the most typical or the one we are most familiar with is, the grand mal seizure. This involves uncontrolled muscle contractions or convulsions throughout the body. Some physical signsRead More
Being Fat Helps You Live Longer
Gained a few pounds over the holidays? Thinking about starting a diet? You may want to reconsider. A recent study did a systematic review of the findings from 97 previous studies concerning the Hazard Ratio (HR) for all causes of mortality (heart attack, cancer, disease, etc…) in overweight,se and norRead More
Being Fat Helps You Live Longer
Gained a few pounds over the holidays? Thinking about starting a diet? You may want to reconsider. A recent study did a systematic review of the findings from 97 previous studies concerning the Hazard Ratio (HR) for all causes of mortality (heart attack, cancer, disease, etc…) in overweight, obese andRead More
Can Chocolate Make You Smarter?
Cocoa and chocolate are full of an antioxidant called flavonoids. In separate studies, flavonoids have shown to enrich the flow of blood to the brain. This increased blood flow can help the brain function better. More blood flow has shown to increase the thinking ability of the brain and canRead More
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Michael Gerson
WASHINGTON – For liberals, it is a cruel twist of history that Harry Truman's dream of universal health coverage, carried forward by generations of committed Democrats, should fall to the Obama administration for its fulfillment. Barack Obama seems to have adopted this cause in January 2007 as a last-minute speech insert. "We needed something to say," one adviser told Politico. "I can't tell you how little thought was given to that thought other than it sounded good." Eventually, the Affordable Care Act was passed by a partisan vote, draining the law of legitimacy outside the Democratic Party. Over the next three years, Obama proved incapable of explaining Obamacare's virtues and its popularity fell. Then its implementation was entrusted to a Cabinet secretary, Kathleen Sebelius, who gratuitously alienated religious groups and massively bungled the law's rollout. Obamacare is a multiyear, multifaceted fiasco. It is a case study in how to alienate a country you intend to help. And it could become an intellectual crisis for modern liberalism. The "glitches" are shockingly serious systemic failures, which were caused, in part, by a political calculation. Obamacare's mandates and regulations drive up health insurance costs. Late in the planning process, the administration decided that it could not allow people accessing the Obamacare website, HealthCare.gov, to see their raw price increases without also seeing their offsetting federal subsidies (for those who get them) – which meant that consumers would have to provide their financial information before they could browse their insurance options. The techies objected that this would introduce needless complications and reduce eventual enrollments. The Obama administration insisted. The results have been thoroughly reported. These interface problems may be the easiest to solve. The new system requires the smooth transfer of information among massive databases. Even the trickle of enrollment files currently going from the government to insurance companies has been lumpy with errors. The greatest risk in the implementation of Obamacare was always adverse selection – that the exchanges would not attract enough young and healthy people to make them economically viable. If there are too many sick people in an insurance system, premiums rise, further discouraging younger, healthier people from participating, resulting in higher premiums, etc. The insurance "death spiral." No one even considered the scenario we are now seeing: a partially working system in which it is difficult to sign up but not impossible. This means that the most motivated consumers (the sickest) are likely to persevere in creating accounts, while the younger and healthier are more likely to skip an unpleasant process and risk a minimal fine. "If they don't get the necessary volume and demographic mix in the exchanges," Yuval Levin of National Affairs told me, "it could set off a catastrophic adverse selection spiral that would not only render the exchanges inoperable but badly damage our large health care systems." This is possible, not certain. The administration could dramatically step up its game by year-end and reach the enrollment levels and demographic mix necessary for the system to function. But the failed rollout has already raised ideological issues of broader significance. It has reinforced a widely held, pre-existing belief that government-run health systems are bureaucratic nightmares. And it has added credence to the libertarian argument that some human systems are too complex to be effectively managed. Perhaps the problem with Obamacare is not failed leadership, but the whole project of putting a federal agency, 55 contractors and 500 million lines of software code in charge of a health system intended to cover millions of Americans. I am not a libertarian who argues against the need for programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. But economist-philosopher Friedrich Hayek has this much going for him: He understood that the challenge of technocratic planning is always limited information. "The peculiar character of the problem of a rational economic order is determined precisely by the fact that the knowledge of the circumstances of which we must make use never exists in concentrated or integrated form but solely as the dispersed bits of incomplete and frequently contradictory knowledge which all the separate individuals possess." Which is why planning tends to fail, particularly in highly complex systems. "This is not a dispute about whether planning is to be done or not," Hayek said. "It is a dispute as to whether planning is to be done centrally, by one authority for the whole economic system, or is to be divided among many individuals." So maybe the problem is not Obama or Sebelius but rather a government program that requires superhuman technocratic mastery.
Michael Gerson is a syndicated columnist and served as a speechwriter and policy adviser for President George W. Bush. His column is distributed by The Washington Post Writers Group.


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CHAPTER 8: Martin Innovations
According to C. F. Martin III, the 14-fret neck was developed in late 1929. Prior to the period, guitars were generally equipped with a 12-fret neck. As the story goes, a renowned plectrum banjoist of the day, Perry Bechtel, suggested to Frank Henry Martin that he make a guitar with a 14-fret neck. Bechtel reasoned that the longer neck would increase the guitar's range and make it a more versatile instrument. Following Bechtel's advice, Martin introduced a guitar with the longer neck and dubbed it an "Orchestra Model."
The 14-fret neck was so well received that Martin eventually extended the feature to all models in its line. In short order, it became the standard design for the American guitar industry.
The Dreadnought guitar, named after a large class of World War I British battleships, has become something of a trademark of the Martin Company. The original Martin Dreadnought models were designed by Frank Martin and Harry Hunt, manager of Chas. H. Ditson Co., a leading music retailer with stores in New York, Boston and Philadelphia. A shrewd judge of the market, Hunt reasoned that a Dreadnought guitar, with its large body and booming bass, would be ideal for accompanying vocals. The first Dreadnoughts, introduced in 1916, were sold under the brand name of "Oliver Ditson and Co., Boston, New York." At first the instruments were not very well received simply because there were not many singers using guitars, and solo players felt that the bass on the Dreadnought was overbearing. However, as folk singing became increasingly popular, sales of the Dreadnought picked up. The Ditson Company went out of business in the late 1920s, and in 1931 Martin incorporated the Dreadnought into its line of guitars. Today, the model is a dominant factor in the Martin line, and virtually every maker of acoustic guitars, both domestic and foreign, has introduced a version of this original Martin design.


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All things coconut are hot. Non-dairy refrigerated coconut milk, a low-carb, lactose-free beverage, is quickly becoming a favored substitute for cow's milk, and coconut water, the super-hydrating liquid from unripe coconut, has taken off as a sports drink. While you shouldn't believe all the buzz, coconut does have some real taste and health benefits. The fat in coconut, for instance, called medium-chain triglycerides, is burned for calories more readily than other saturated fats, making it less likely to land on your hips.
But all of these coconut concoctions can cause confusion in the kitchen. Cooks have long used canned coconut milk in Thai curries and soup. How does this old kitchen standby stack up to refrigerated coconut milk and coconut water? How best do you use these products in the kitchen? We consulted with nutrition experts and experienced coconut cooks to find out.
Canned coconut milk
Canned coconut milk and refrigerated coconut milk are both made the same way— coconut meat is finely ground (liquified) in water until it is a suspension. (The refrigerated coconut milk is diluted with water to make it less fatty and more drinkable.) Canned coconut milk is traditionally used for cooking, and is a staple in Thai and other Indonesian cuisines. Its high fat content (a whopping 48g per cup) helps carry the flavors and temper the spicy heat of these dishes. Because its fat content falls between light and heavy cream, it can be swapped for either in recipes, says Alisa Fleming, chief editor of GoDairyFree.org and author of Go Dairy Free: The Guide and Cookbook. Canned coconut milk sometimes contains gums or thickeners (more common in "light" versions), so check labels if you want to avoid this ingredient. Some brands also contain preservatives such as bisulfite. People with sulfite allergies will want to steer clear of this ingredient.
RELATED: Coconut Milk Benefits for Women
Refrigerated coconut milk
Refrigerated coconut milk (and shelf-stable cartons of it) has about 5g fat per cup–one-tenth the fat of canned coconut milk, and only slightly more than that found in 2 percent milk (4.85g per cup). "Refrigerated coconut milk is not a good substitute for canned coconut milk," Fleming says. "It's meant to be used as a beverage, or substituted for milk in recipes like pancakes, cake batters or light cream soups." It often comes in flavors, and may be sweetened (when substituting for dairy milk in recipes, make sure you use the unsweetened version). Refrigerated coconut milk doesn't separate, with the fat (called coconut cream) on top, the way canned coconut milk does. That's because it contains gums, thickeners, and emulsifiers that keep the fat dispersed throughout the liquid.
Coconut water
Coconut water has become popular as a sports drink because it is isotonic—it has the same osmotic pressure as our body fluids and can be absorbed through our intestines easily and quickly, so it is good for rehydration. It's fairly low in calories (46 per cup) and fat (0.5mg per cup), so beverage manufacturers like to use it to reduce calories in "100 percent juice" beverages. It is also a decent source of the nutrients athletes need to replace after heavy activity. One cup has 600mg of potassium, 262mg of sodium, and about 60mg each of magnesium and calcium. It also has small amounts of trace minerals like iron, zinc and selenium. Use coconut water to "cut" healthy but calorie-laden juices like pomegranate or pineapple juice.


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The Homeland Security Department abruptly reversed course Wednesday and dropped plans to allow a private company to give the government access to a nationwide database of license plate tracking information.
Secretary Jeh Johnson directed that a contract proposal issued last week be canceled.
The proposal said Immigration and Customs Enforcement was planning to use the license plate data in pursuit of criminal immigrants and others sought by authorities.
Gillian Christensen, an ICE spokeswoman, said the contract solicitation was posted "without the awareness of ICE leadership."
"While we continue to support a range of technologies to help meet our law enforcement mission, this solicitation will be reviewed to ensure the path forward appropriately meets our operational needs," Christensen said.
The department said Johnson has ordered a review of the proposal.
The contract notice came amid growing concerns about government surveillance of U.S. citizens but didn't address potential privacy consequences.
Before the notice was canceled, Christensen said the database "could only be accessed in conjunction with ongoing criminal investigations or to locate wanted individuals."
Law enforcement has been using license plate readers for several years, but privacy advocates have raised concerns that the unchecked collection of such information could allow for the tracking of an average citizen's every movement. Lawmakers around the country, meanwhile, have been wrestling with whether or how to control the collection and use of license plate data.
At least 14 states are considering measures that would curb surveillance efforts, including the use of license plate readers.
License plate readers — essentially cameras that snap rapid-fire pictures of license plates and vehicles as they pass — are in use in a host of locations, by private companies and law enforcement. But it's not just the license plate number that gets recorded. The readers — whether they are mounted to police cars, traffic lights or toll booths — record the date, time and location of the vehicle when the picture was taken.
According to the contract proposal, the government wanted "a close-up of the plate and a zoomed out image of the vehicle."
The Homeland Security Department also wanted instant and around-the-clock access to the records and is asking for whoever wins the contract to make the information available through a smartphone app. It is not clear from the contract notice how long individual records would be kept or what other government agencies may have access to the trove of records.
Jennifer Lynch, a senior staff attorney with the San Francisco-based civil liberties group Electronic Frontier Foundation, said those unknowns represented serious privacy concerns.
"The base level concern is that license plate data is location data, and location data is very revealing," Lynch said. "It can tell you a lot about a person's life: where they go, who they associate with, what kind of religion they practice, what doctors they visit."
In 2012, the American Civil Liberties Union criticized the collection of license plate scanner data and warned that millions of records were being collected with little or no safeguards for people's privacy.
Catherine Crump, an ACLU lawyer, said Wednesday she was pleased to hear that the department has canceled the contract proposal but still worried about that it might be brought back to life at some point.
"While we are heartened that it looks as though the plan is off the table for now; it is still unexplained why the proposal was put forward and why it has been withdrawn," Crump said.
The government's contract proposal was published amid revelations of surveillance programs run by the National Security Agency. Privacy advocates have argued that NSA phone data collection programs and other surveillance programs are gobbling up massive amounts of information about U.S. citizens who have no ties to criminals or terrorists, which the government has said the programs are designed to target.
Classified NSA documents, leaked to news organizations, showed the NSA was collecting telephone records, emails and video chats of millions of Americans who were not suspected of a crime.


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The word Scientology is taken from the Latin scio, which means "knowing, in the fullest sense of the word," and the Greek word logos, meaning "study of." It literally means "knowing how to know."
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Scientology is a worldwide religion comprising more than 11,000 Churches, Missions and affiliated groups, with millions of members in 184 nations. Scientology contains workable spiritual technology to understand oneself and improve conditions in his or her life. Scientology Churches are vibrant centers of activity. Each Church of Scientology provides numerous religious services and materials through which individuals may pursue their studies of Scientology. All are welcome.
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Don't be distracted by the graphic. Focus. Because the following text is critical.
Do you meet the requirements in fine print below? If so, it's time to quit waffling and state your allegiance. Flo or Deltalina. There is no "either." There is no "neither." And for cryin' out loud, there is definitely no "I'm not sure". If you're still not sure, leave now. You sicken me.
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Rh Sensitization During Pregnancy
Topic Overview
What is Rh sensitization during pregnancy?
If you are Rh-negative, your red blood cells do not have a marker called Rh factor on them. Rh-positive blood does have this marker. If your blood mixes with Rh-positive blood, your immune system will react to the Rh factor by making antibodies to destroy it. This immune system response is called Rh sensitization.
What causes Rh sensitization during pregnancy?
Rh sensitization can occur during pregnancy if you are Rh-negative and pregnant with a developing baby (fetus) who has Rh-positive blood. In most cases, your blood will not mix with your baby's blood until delivery. It takes a while to make antibodies that can affect the baby, so during your first pregnancy, the baby probably would not be affected.
But if you get pregnant again with an Rh-positive baby, the antibodies already in your blood could attack the baby's red blood cells. This can cause the baby to have anemia, jaundice, or more serious problems. This is called Rh disease. The problems will tend to get worse with each Rh-positive pregnancy you have.
Rh sensitization is one reason it's important to see your doctor in the first trimester of pregnancy. It doesn't cause any warning symptoms, and a blood test is the only way to know you have it or are at risk for it.
- If you are at risk, Rh sensitization can almost always be prevented.
- If you are already sensitized, treatment can help protect your baby.
Who gets Rh sensitization during pregnancy?
Rh sensitization during pregnancy can only happen if a woman has Rh-negative blood and only if her baby has Rh-positive blood.
- If the mother is Rh-negative and the father is Rh-positive, there is a good chance the baby will have Rh-positive blood. Rh sensitization can occur.
- If both parents have Rh-negative blood, the baby will have Rh-negative blood. Since the mother's blood and the baby's blood match, sensitization will not occur.
If you have Rh-negative blood, your doctor will probably treat you as though the baby's blood is Rh-positive no matter what the father's blood type is, just to be on the safe side.
How is Rh sensitization diagnosed?
All pregnant women get a blood test at their first prenatal visit during early pregnancy. This test will show if you have Rh-negative blood and if you are Rh-sensitized.
If you have Rh-negative blood but are not sensitized:
- The blood test may be repeated between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. If the test still shows that you are not sensitized, you probably will not need another antibody test until delivery. (You might need to have the test again if you have an amniocentesis, if your pregnancy goes beyond 40 weeks, or if you have a problem such as placenta abruptio, which could cause bleeding in the uterus.)
- Your baby will have a blood test at birth. If the newborn has Rh-positive blood, you will have an antibody test to see if you were sensitized during late pregnancy or childbirth.
If you are Rh-sensitized, your doctor will watch your pregnancy carefully. You may have:
- Regular blood tests, to check the level of antibodies in your blood.
- Doppler ultrasound, to check blood flow to the baby's brain. This can show anemia and how severe it is.
- Amniocentesis after 15 weeks, to check the baby's blood type and Rh factor and to look for problems.
How is Rh sensitization prevented?
If you have Rh-negative blood but are not Rh-sensitized, your doctor will give you one or more shots of Rh immune globulin (such as RhoGAM). This prevents Rh sensitization in nearly all women who use it.
You may get a shot of Rh immune globulin:
- If you have a test such as an amniocentesis.
- Around week 28 of your pregnancy.
- After delivery if your newborn is Rh-positive.
The shots only work for a short time, so you will need to repeat this treatment each time you get pregnant. (To prevent sensitization in future pregnancies, Rh immune globulin is also given when an Rh-negative woman has a miscarriage, abortion, or ectopic pregnancy.)
The shots won't work if you are already Rh-sensitized.
How is it treated?
If you are Rh-sensitized, you will have regular testing to see how your baby is doing. You may also need to see a doctor who specializes in high-risk pregnancies (a perinatologist).
Treatment of the baby is based on how severe the loss of red blood cells (anemia) is.
- If the baby's anemia is mild, you will just have more testing than usual while you are pregnant. The baby may not need any special treatment after birth.
- If anemia is getting worse, it may be safest to deliver the baby early. After delivery, some babies need a blood transfusion or treatment for jaundice.
- For severe anemia, a baby can have a blood transfusion while still in the uterus. This can help keep the baby healthy until he or she is mature enough to be delivered. You may have an early C-section, and the baby may need to have another blood transfusion right after birth.
In the past, Rh sensitization was often deadly for the baby. But improved testing and treatment mean that now most babies with Rh disease survive and do well after birth.
Rh sensitization can occur when a person with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood. Most women who become sensitized do so during childbirth, when their blood mixes with the Rh-positive blood of their fetus. After being exposed, a mother's immune system produces antibodies against Rh-positive red blood cells.
The minimum amount of blood mixing that causes sensitization is not known. Fortunately, Rh sensitization can almost always be prevented with the Rh immune globulin injection.
When an Rh-negative person's immune system is first exposed to Rh-positive blood, it takes several weeks to develop immunoglobulin M, or IgM, antibodies. IgM antibodies are too large to cross the placenta. So the Rh-positive fetus that first triggers maternal sensitization is usually not harmed.
A previously Rh-sensitized immune system rapidly reacts to Rh-positive blood, as during a second pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus. Usually within hours of Rh-positive blood exposure, smaller immunoglobulin G, or IgG, antibodies are formed. IgG antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells. This causes Rh disease, which is dangerous for the fetus.
Some Rh-negative people never become sensitized, even after exposure to large amounts of Rh-positive blood. The reason for this is not known.
If you are already Rh-sensitized or become Rh-sensitized while pregnant, you will not have any unusual symptoms.
Fetal problems from Rh sensitization are detected with Doppler ultrasound testing and sometimes with amniocentesis. It is possible, though, that a fetus with severe Rh disease will move less frequently than it did earlier in the pregnancy.
Other conditions with symptoms similar to Rh sensitization include other blood type incompatibility problems and fetal infections.
What Happens
If you are Rh-negative
Unless you are given Rh immune globulin just before or after a high-risk event, such as miscarriage, amniocentesis, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, or childbirth, you have a chance of becoming sensitized to an Rh-positive fetus's blood.
If you have been Rh-sensitized in the past
If you have been Rh-sensitized in the past, you must be closely watched during any pregnancy with an Rh-positive partner, because your fetus is more likely to have Rh-positive blood. In response to an Rh-positive fetus, your immune system may quickly develop IgG antibodies, which can cross the placenta and destroy fetal red blood cells. Each subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus may produce more serious problems for the fetus. The resulting fetal disease (called Rh disease, hemolytic disease of the newborn, or erythroblastosis fetalis) can be mild to severe.
- Mild Rh disease involves limited destruction of fetal red blood cells, possibly resulting in mild fetal anemia. The fetus can usually be carried to term and requires no special treatment but may have problems with jaundice after birth. Mild Rh disease is more likely to develop in the first pregnancy after sensitization has occurred.
- Moderate Rh disease involves the destruction of larger numbers of fetal red blood cells. The fetus may develop an enlarged liver and may become moderately anemic. The fetus may need to be delivered before term and may require a blood transfusion before (while in the uterus) or after birth. A newborn with moderate Rh disease is watched closely for jaundice.
- Severe Rh disease (fetal hydrops) involves widespread destruction of fetal red blood cells. The fetus develops severe anemia, liver and spleen enlargement, increased bilirubin levels, and fluid retention (edema). The fetus may need one or more blood transfusions before birth. A fetus with severe Rh disease who survives the pregnancy may need a blood exchange. This procedure replaces most of the infant's blood with donor blood (usually type O, Rh-negative).
- A history of pregnancy with Rh disease is a sign that you will need special treatment when you are pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus.
If you have been Rh-sensitized in the past, an Rh-negative fetus cannot trigger an immune reaction.
What Increases Your Risk
Rh sensitization can occur when a person with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood. During pregnancy, an Rh-negative woman can become sensitized if she is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.
Things that increase the risk of blood mixing and sensitization during pregnancy include:
- Delivery.
- Abdominal trauma, such as from a car accident.
- Abdominal surgery, such as a cesarean section.
- Placenta abruptio or placenta previa, both of which can cause placental bleeding.
- External cephalic version for a breech fetus.
- Obstetric procedures such as amniocentesis, fetal blood sampling, or chorionic villus sampling (CVS).
- Miscarriage (spontaneous abortion), ectopic pregnancy, or elective abortion (medical or surgical abortion) after 8 weeks of fetal age (when fetal blood cell production begins).
- Partial molar pregnancy involving fetal growth beyond 8 weeks.
Although rare, Rh sensitization has been known to occur after needle sharing between intravenous drug users. Transfusing Rh-positive blood in an Rh-negative person can also trigger sensitization. But this is extremely rare, because blood is always tested prior to transfusion.
When should you call your doctor?
If you are already Rh-sensitized and are pregnant
Your pregnancy will be closely monitored. Discuss possible symptoms early in pregnancy with your doctor. Repeated diagnostic testing will be needed to watch the fetus.
Call your doctor immediately if you note a decrease in your fetus's movement after 24 to 26 weeks of pregnancy.
If you are Rh-negative
Call your doctor immediately if you:
- Think you may have been pregnant and miscarried.
- Are pregnant and have had an accident that may have injured your abdomen.
Who to see
A woman who may have problems with Rh incompatibility or sensitization can be treated by:
- A family medicine doctor, for mild fetal Rh disease.
- An obstetrician, for mild to moderate Rh disease.
- A perinatologist, for moderate to severe fetal Rh disease (hydrops).
If you test positive for Rh sensitization, your health care system or health professional may want you to be followed and treated by a perinatologist or an obstetrician who can easily call in a perinatologist.
Exams and Tests
If you are pregnant, you will have your first prenatal tests during your first trimester. Every woman has her blood tested at the first prenatal visit to see what her blood type is. If your blood is Rh-negative, it will also be tested for antibodies to Rh-positive blood. If you have antibodies, that means that you have been sensitized to Rh-positive blood. The antibodies can now kill Rh-positive red blood cells.
If you are Rh-negative and your partner is Rh-positive, your fetus is likely to be Rh-positive.
If you are pregnant or have miscarried, or if you have had an elective abortion, a partial molar pregnancy, or an ectopic pregnancy, you will need testing to see if you have been sensitized to Rh-positive blood.
If you are Rh-negative
All pregnant women have an indirect Coombs test during early pregnancy.
- At the first prenatal visit, your blood is tested to see if you have been previously sensitized to Rh-positive blood. If you are Rh-negative and test results show that you are not sensitized, a repeat test may be done between 24 and 28 weeks.
- If test results at 28 weeks show that you have not been sensitized, no additional tests for Rh-related problems are done until delivery (barring complications such as placenta abruptio). You will also have a shot of Rh immune globulin. This lowers your chances of being sensitized during the last weeks of your pregnancy.
- If your newborn is found to be Rh-positive, your blood will be screened again at delivery with an indirect Coombs test to see if you have been sensitized during late pregnancy or childbirth. If you have not been sensitized, you will have another shot of Rh immune globulin.
If you are sensitized to the Rh factor
If you are already Rh-sensitized or become sensitized while pregnant, close monitoring is important to determine whether your fetus is being harmed.
- If possible, the father will be tested to see if the fetus could be Rh-positive. If the father is Rh-negative, the fetus is Rh-negative and is not in danger. If the father is Rh-positive, other tests may be used to learn the fetus's blood type. In some medical centers, the mother's blood can be tested to learn her fetus's blood type. This is a new test that is not widely available.
- An indirect Coombs test is done periodically during your pregnancy to see if your Rh-positive antibody levels are increasing. This is the typical course of treatment for most sensitized women during pregnancy.
- Fetal Doppler ultrasound of blood flow in the brain shows fetal anemia and how bad it is. At a medical center with Doppler experts, this test can give you the same anemia information as amniocentesis, without the risks.
- Amniocentesis may be done to check amniotic fluid for signs of fetal problems or to learn the fetus's blood type and Rh factor.
- Fetal blood sampling (cordocentesis) may be done to directly assess your fetus's health. This procedure is used on a limited basis, usually for monitoring known sensitization problems (as when a mother has had previous fetal deaths, or when other testing has shown signs of fetal distress).
- Electronic fetal heart monitoring(nonstress test) may be done in the third trimester to check your fetus's condition. Unusual fetal heart rhythms detected during a nonstress test may be a sign that the fetus has anemia related to the sensitization.
- Fetal ultrasound testing can be used as a pregnancy progresses to detect sensitization problems, such as fetal fluid retention (a sign of severe Rh disease).
Treatment Overview
If you are sensitized to the Rh factor
If your blood is Rh-negative and you have been sensitized to Rh-positive blood, you now have antibodies to Rh-positive blood. The antibodies kill Rh-positive red blood cells. If you become pregnant with an Rh-positive baby (fetus), the antibodies can destroy your fetus's red blood cells. This can cause anemia.
If you are already Rh-sensitized and are pregnant, your treatment will focus on preventing or minimizing fetal harm and on avoiding early (preterm) delivery.
Treatment options depend on how well or poorly the fetus is doing.
- If testing shows that your fetus is Rh-positive but is only mildly affected by your Rh factor antibodies, you will be closely watched until your pregnancy reaches term. Your fetus will be delivered early only if his or her condition gets worse.
- If testing shows that your fetus is moderately affected by your Rh antibodies, your fetus's condition will be closely watched until his or her lungs are mature enough for a preterm delivery. A cesarean section may be used to deliver the baby quickly or to avoid the difficulty of inducing labor before term. A moderately affected newborn sometimes needs a blood transfusion immediately after birth.
- If testing shows that your fetus is severely affected by your Rh factor antibodies, a blood transfusion may be given before birth (intrauterine fetal blood transfusion). This can be done through the fetus's abdomen or directly into the fetus's umbilical cord. A preterm delivery is likely to be needed. Multiple blood transfusions are sometimes needed to keep a fetus healthy until the fetal lungs mature enough to function after birth. Often a cesarean section is done to deliver the baby quickly. A blood transfusion is sometimes needed immediately after birth.
If you are Rh-negative and pregnant
If you are an Rh-negative woman and you have conceived with an Rh-negative partner, you are not at risk of Rh sensitization during pregnancy. (Most health professionals treat all Rh-negative pregnant women as though the father might be Rh-positive.)
If you are already sensitized to the Rh factor, your pregnancy will need to be closely monitored to prevent fetal harm. For more information on fetal and newborn treatment, see Treatment Overview.
If you are unsensitized Rh-negative, treatment focuses on preventing Rh sensitization during pregnancy and childbirth. Rh immune globulin (such as RhoGAM) is a highly effective treatment for preventing sensitization.
- To prevent sensitization from occurring late in the pregnancy or during delivery, you must have a shot of Rh immune globulin around week 28 of your pregnancy. This treatment prevents your immune system from making antibodies against your fetus's Rh-positive red blood cells.
- Rh immune globulin injection is also necessary if you have had an obstetric procedure such as amniocentesis or external cephalic version.
- If your newborn is Rh-positive, you are given Rh immune globulin again within 72 hours after delivery. By preventing Rh sensitization from delivery, you are protecting your next Rh-positive fetus.
- If your newborn is Rh-negative, sensitization cannot happen, and no treatment is needed.
Rh immune globulin is also needed within 72 hours after vaginal bleeding, a miscarriage, partial molar pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, or abortion.
Use of Rh immune globulin is effective in preventing Rh sensitization. Rh immune globulin contains Rh antibodies that have been purified from human donors. This treatment prevents an unsensitized Rh-negative mother from making antibodies against her fetus's Rh-positive blood.
If an affected fetus younger than 34 weeks needs to be delivered, corticosteroid medicine (betamethasone or dexamethasone) may be given to the mother to speed fetal lung development before a premature birth.
Other Treatment
An intrauterine fetal blood transfusion is sometimes used to supply healthy blood to a fetus with severe hemolytic disease of the newborn (also called Rh disease or erythroblastosis fetalis).
A blood transfusion or exchange transfusion is sometimes given to a newborn to treat severe anemia or jaundice related to Rh disease.
Other Works Consulted
- American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (2017). Prevention of Rh D alloimmunization. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 181. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 130(2): e57–e70. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002232. Accessed July 9, 2018.
- Moise KJ Jr (2008). Management of rhesus alloimmunization in pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 112(1): 164–176.
- Roman AS (2013). Late pregnancy complications. In AH DeCherney et al., eds., Current Diagnosis and Treatment Obstetrics & Gynecology, 11th ed., pp. 250–266. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2004). Screening for Rh (D) incompatibility. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available online: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsdrhi.htm
Current as ofMay 29, 2019
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: Sarah A. Marshall, MD – Family Medicine
Kathleen Romito, MD – Family Medicine
E. Gregory Thompson, MD – Internal Medicine
Adam Husney, MD – Family Medicine
Elizabeth T. Russo, MD – Internal Medicine
Kirtly Jones, MD – Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology
Current as of: May 29, 2019
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Sarah A. Marshall, MD – Family Medicine & Kathleen Romito, MD – Family Medicine & E. Gregory Thompson, MD – Internal Medicine & Adam Husney, MD – Family Medicine & Elizabeth T. Russo, MD – Internal Medicine & Kirtly Jones, MD – Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.


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Coaches & Managers: Edit Member Information
If you have rights to edit member information for your players, you will be able to find an edit icon on your team's roster page to do this.
1. Once logged in, go to your team's Roster page.
2. On the right, click the button to edit a member.
3. On the member info page, edit their information and click Submit to save.