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Cotton Mesh Long Sleeve Crew Top
Enza Costa
Enza Costa
Or 4 installments of $43.50 by Or 4 installments of $43.50 by Or 4 installments of $43.50 by Or 4 installments of $43.50 by Learn more about Afterpay or Learn more about Zip
Estimated Delivery : Apr 01 - Apr 04
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- 100% cotton
- Semi-sheer fabric
- Made in USA
- Revolve Style No. ENZA-WS842
- Manufacturer Style No. CMS3539IO
- Modeled in size S.
- Model Measurements: Height 5'10", Waist 23, Bust 32, Hips 33
- Size Guide
Designer of Enza Costa, Rogue, is a Canadian born based in Los Angeles. The line consists of comfortable yet luxurious fabrics like silk, cashmere, and supima and definitely brings to the collection a sort of understated sheer elegance. A staple must-have in any wardrobe, her tees are featured on celebs like Kristen Bell and Jennifer Lopez.
If an item you would like to purchase is out of stock, you can place a Special Order Inquiry. REVOLVE will then check the availability and obtain an approximate arrival date for the item, if available. Typically, it takes up to 3-4 weeks to verify this information.
Placing a Special Order Inquiry is absolutely free and there is no obligation to follow through with a purchase.
- You will be notified by email once we receive the item.
- You may cancel at any time without penalty
- Your card will ONLY be charged when your order is shipped.
- Availability is not guaranteed.


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Winston Salem N C - Winston Salem, North Carolina
With 800 locations across North America, there's always one nearby. Whether you are looking for a truck rental, truck maintenance, or a pre-owned vehicle, our locations have you covered.
Ryder: Winston Salem N C
Location #674 125 BOULDER PARK RD WINSTON SALEM, NC 27101 USA336.727.7523
Ryder: Winston Salem N C Services
- Rental
- On Demand Maintenance
Rental Hours
- Mon - Fri:7:30 AM - 4:00 PM EST
- Sat - Sun:Closed
We'll keep you moving, wherever you are.
With access to industry-leading services across 800 locations nationwide, you have the tools you need to keep your trucks, and business, moving.
Truck Maintenance
- Regularly scheduled preventive maintenance
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- Optional multi-point inspections
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- 24/7 roadside assistance, extended repair hours and available rentals
- Detailed record-keeping by vehicle, location or fleet
- 5000+ certified technicians
Truck Rental
- A fleet of about 30,000 recent-model trucks, tractors, trailers, and vans
- Guaranteed availability
- Toll-free phone access to your nearest Ryder rental counter
- Rapid and efficient check-in and checkout
- Fast, on-site credit approval
- Flexible vehicle coverage options
On-Demand Maintenance
- A team of over 5,000 expert technicians
- Service and repairs at pre-negotiated rates
- Simple repair scheduling with 1 easy call to Ryder's Managed Maintenance Center
- Electronic estimate approvals
- Online invoice delivery
- EPA Compliance
- Truck washing
Pre-Owned Vehicle Sales
- Over 5,000 pre-owned trucks, tractors, and trailers
- 30 day Limited Powertrain Warranty
- All vehicles are road ready, guaranteed
- Regular multi-point inspections
- Rigorous tank maintenance and cleaning at every fueling location
- Oil company partnerships that ensure predictable pricing and supply
Need more information? Don't hesitate to contact your local Ryder location to learn more about our breadth of services.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Part Number TS4GJF760 TS4GJF760 TS8GJF760 TS8GJF770 TS16GJF760 TS16GJF770 TS32GJF760 TS32GJF770 TS64GJF760 TS64GJF770 TS128GJF760 Buscar referencia del producto (P/N) y número de serie (S/N). Download Software Description OS Size Version File 2021/12/29RecoveRx Windows / Mac OS 3MB v4.2 / v2.6 Download 2022/12/14Transcend Elite Windows / Mac OS v4.16 / v2.7 Download Manual Description Language Size File JF User Manual EN English 182.51KB Download JF User Manual DE Deutsch 187.69KB Download JF User Manual ES Español (Mexico) 186.66KB Download JF User Manual FR Français 183.81KB Download JF User Manual IT Italiano 186.45KB Download JF User Manual GR Greek 186.09KB Download JF User Manual PT Português 187.52KB Download JF User Manual SI Slovenia 200.07KB Download JF User Manual TR Türkçe 215.02KB Download JF User Manual FA فارسی 236.64KB Download JF User Manual CZ český 199.21KB Download JF User Manual RU Русский 221.65KB Download JF User Manual KR 한국어 252.99KB Download JF User Manual JP 日本語 236.35KB Download JF User Manual SC 简体中文 296.04KB Download JF User Manual TC 繁體中文 320.72KB Download FAQ All Specification / Capacity / Performance Setup / Operation Software / Firmware / Applications Why do files occupy more disk space when saved to flash drives/external hard drives/solid state drives? What are the differences between USB1.0/2.0/3.0/3.1/3.2? Why my USB flash drive cannot be recognized after sitting idle for some time on a computer running Windows 7 or later versions? Why is the actual storage capacity of my JetFlash USB Flash drive slightly less than the volume specified on the product's package? Why does Transcend include the Proposition 65 warning? Transfer speeds fluctuated or dropped when I copied/moved files to an external storage device on a Windows 10 system. Why aren't my Transcend Elite syncing files to the destination folder after I have added new files to the source folder? My USB3.0 device does not perform as expected. Does enabling the UASP protocol help? What is USB3.1 and USB Type-C? How to format the flash drive to NTFS in Windows XP? « 1 2 3 » Technical Support If the answer can't help you, you can contact the Tech Support Department Get Started Compatibility Video Tutorials Sorry, no results were found. Please contact us if you require any further help. Get Started Specifications Appearance Dimensions69.6 mm x 20.9 mm x 8.9 mm (2.74" x 0.82" x 0.35") Weight12 g (0.42 oz) ColorBlack Interface Connection InterfaceUSB 3.1 Gen 1 USB TypeUSB Type-A Storage Capacity32 GB64 GB128 GB NotePlease be noted that actual capacity may differ from the one shown on the product because a portion of the capacity is used for system files and storage maintenance. Performance NoteSpeed may vary due to host hardware, software, usage, and storage capacity. Warranty CertificateCEFCCBSMIKCRCMEACUKCA WarrantyFive-year Limited Warranty Warranty PolicyPlease click here for more information about the Transcend Warranty Policy. System Requirement Operating SystemMicrosoft Windows 7 or latermacOS 9.0 or laterLinux Kernel 2.4.2 or later Product specifications and/or appearance may occasionally change without notice. Close You have already accepted cookies, but you may still revoke your consent at any time. Please see more details at Cookie Statement. Change Settings You have already rejected cookies, but you may still give your consent at any time. Please see more details at Cookie Statement. Change Settings This website uses cookies to collect your information, for improving the service quality. You could click Agree to accept cookies or Disagree to reject cookies. If you reject cookies, some functions of this website may not work properly. You may see more details at Cookie Statement. Agree Disagree


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Juice up your buggy performance with HB oversize white rallycross wheels! Available in convenient packages of 4 wheels each, every wheel has the HB logo moulded into its flat, streamlined face.
The larger-than-normal diameter wheel provides a stiffer tyre sidewall and stretches the carcass of the tyre, allowing it to have more grip in the corners, as well as giving extra performance when accelerating and braking. These are the same wheels used in the professionally assembled HB mounted 1/8 scale buggy tyres.


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Morning Minutes for Dec. 6
Word of the Day
pedestrian \pe·des·tri·an\(noun) person who goes or travels on foot; walker (adjective) going or performed on foot; walking; of or pertaining to walking; lacking in vitality, imagination, distinction, etc.; commonplace; prosaic or dull: a pedestrian commencement speech. — www.dictionary.com
Website of the Day
5-Second Films
View funny five-second films on current popular topics. Their motto is, "Wasting your time, but not very much."
Number to Know
246: Number of years slavery existed in the United States, from when the first slaves were brought to Jamestown, Va., in 1619, to 1865 when the 13th Amendment abolished slavery.
This Day in History
Dec. 6, 1865: The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, banning slavery.
Today's Featured Birthday
Comedy director Judd Apatow (46)
Daily Quote
"College is the reward for surviving high school. Most people have great fun stories from college and nightmare stories from high school." — Judd Apatow


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Thoda Pyar Thoda Magic – Movie Review
The most important thing to know about Thoda Pyar Thoda Magic (A little Love, a Little Magic) is that it is a children's film. It's got four child characters, and like many children's films, there is magic and fantasy. There is even a lecture about patriotism, civic sense and world peace!
It's Amisha Patel's character which doesn't fit. Her role is more suited to an adult movie. That dance number of hers is likely to put many a cabaret girl to shame. I wonder what the director (Kunal Kohli) was thinking of…the dance has no class, and is crass and vulgar. Why should any director make a kiddie film with this kind of scene?
In an interview to Rediff, Kohli actually compares TPTM to Mr. India! But not only was Mr. India is a far superior film, it was a superhero film which could be enjoyed equally by adults and children. TPRM isn't like that. Adults will not find it as entertaining as the kids. But where the kids are concerned, I think Amisha Patel's vulgar dance number could make them uncomfortable. Kohli also denies that the movie is based on Mary Poppins and to be fair to Kohli, the story-line is different. But the theme, of a magical nanny who charms children, is like Mary Poppins. So while TPTM may not be a copy, nothing in it seems original. In fact it reminded me of so many movies (both English and Hindi) that it was too tiresome to list them all here.
The story (no spoilers)
This two and a half hour movie is about a rich guy, Ranveer Talwar (Saif Ali Khan) and a lonely one at that. And well fate throws him into the company of four children – all orphans. A feather–headed girl-friend Malaika (Amisha Patel) hangs around him – mainly to titillate audiences. She is supposed to be funny too…because she acts like a dimwit. I wasn't comfortable with this stereotype and didn't find it funny. I did wonder however why a rich and bright industrialist should have a stupid (steady!) girl-friend who flaunts her body at every opportunity. if she was part of a playboy's entourage it would have been believable but Ranveer isn't portrayed like that. He is serious, smart, a loner and something of a nerd. It would have been far more believable for him to have a girlfriend who was smart, cunning and a gold-digger. Oh but I forgot. Such a girl wouldn't dance to the director's sexy number. And titillating audiences is a must isn't it! What a sad compromise to play to the gallery.
The other character is the demurely clad Geeta (Rani Mukherjee) who cycles into their life much like an angel from heaven. She is a do-gooder brought to bring light and cheer into the sad life of the characters. Completely covered up in long sleeves and long gown not even her ankle showing, she has a loving heart, a bright mind and loves children. The proverbial Hindi film heroine.
The children's characterisation was unconvincing. They are shown swinging from extreme nastiness to loving, forgiving and cute…but as I said it's a children's fantasy movie so it's alright.
There is actually a butler in this film (!) presumably for comedy. But he is straight out of an English movie! He was quoting Shakespeare and generally looked as if he had come on the set of TPTM by mistake.
Overall the mood of the film is light and cheerful and remains so till the end. The end is predictably a happy one.
The actors
Saif looked good and so did Rani and Amisha. The film didn't really call for much acting. Saif is supposed to play a brooding loner and he sports a grim look almost throughout. Rani is supposed to be a happy bubbling sort and well she is that almost throughout the film. Amisha is the sexy dimwit who pouts once in a while…all she has to do is shake her assets and that she does that well enough.
If I have to advise someone whether to see the film or not, I would say see it with your kids if you don't mind that one song in the pool with Amisha and Saif. In fact the movie hall was packed with families. Usually one sees young adults too…but there weren't any here.
(Photo is from rediff.com)
Related Reading: Jaane tu…jaane Na review
Hancock review
Aamir Movie Review
De Taali Movie Review
Sarkar Raj Movie Review
Other Movie Reviews (English and Hindi movies)
June 30, 2008 5:15 pm
"That dance number of hers is likely to put many a cabaret girl to shame. Why should any director make a kiddie film with this kind of scene?" This same thought occured to me when I saw that number. I hadn't seen any promos (the drawback of not watching TV :P) and I went to see it without realising this was made for children. Yes, TPTM can be enjoying for children (if Amisha's character can be ignored) coz all the kids were really having fun time at the theater. I haven't seen Mary Poppins, but while watching I couldn't stop feeling that this had a hollywoodish taste to it.
wishtobeanon permalinkJune 30, 2008 6:52 pm
Maybe we should have ratings like the US does – G, PG, PG13, R etc. I don't know what category this movie would end up in as I haven't seen it and I don't think I will.
Raj Sharma permalinkJuly 2, 2008 6:52 pm
The lazy lamhe song was not all about Amisha and showed her swinging only for the first 2 min of the song–the rest of the song showed the children and Rani making the party miserable. There is no hindi movie today without some exposure or love talk. Cmon, be fair –Thoda pyaar…..is an excellent movie with very good music and entertainment for the full family. The kids perform well and saif and rani are at their best. It is easy to complain but let us also be appreciative of something good
July 6, 2008 10:09 pm
kamaxi permalinkJuly 8, 2008 6:14 pm
In tamil too,i guess, we have dis film.Hero is Aravind swamy and heroine is Revathy but the film was a flop one.


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|United States
|United States
The new generation of webcomics!
Becomics is a free new platform designed for comics lovers. A place for artists to share their work, and for fans to discover new content. By allowing artists to use transitions and animations, Becomics enables them to enrich their readers' experience beyond what was before possible. Users on Becomics can share comics to social media, embed in personal websites and blogs, comment, and rate what they like. Our goal is to bring artists and fans together and realize the potential of webcomics in the 21st century by using the latest technologies available.


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NBA probing alleged recording of Clippers owner Donald Sterling
SAN FRANCISCO — The NBA is investigating a report of an audio recording in which a man identified as Los Angeles Clippers owner Donald Sterling tells his girlfriend not to bring black people to games.
NBA spokesman Mike Bass said in a statement Saturday that the league is in the process of authenticating the validity of the recording posted on TMZ's website. Bass called the comments "disturbing and offensive" and said the league would have no further comment.
In the recording posted on TMZ, the man questions his girlfriend's association with minorities. TMZ reported the woman, V. Stiviano, who is of black and Mexican descent, posted a picture of herself with Lakers Hall of Famer Magic Johnson on Instagram — which has since been removed.
The man asked Stiviano not to broadcast her association with black people or bring black people to games.
"I will never go to a Clippers game again as long as Donald Sterling is the owner," Johnson responded on Twitter. He also said the alleged comments are "a black eye for the NBA" and said he felt bad that friends such as Clippers coach Doc Rivers and Clippers point guard Chris Paul had to work for Sterling.
At a practice before the Clippers play Golden State on Sunday, Rivers said: "As far as the comments, we're not happy with them."
Paul released a statement through the players union that said: "On behalf of the National Basketball Players Association, this is a very serious issue which we will address aggressively."
New NBA commissioner Adam Silver was scheduled to address media Saturday night in Memphis, Tenn. before the Grizzlies' playoff game.
On TNT's halftime studio show Saturday, host Charles Barkley said: "This is the first test of Adam Silver. He's got to suspend him right now. First of all, they've got to prove that's his voice on that tape. But this is the first big test for Adam Silver.
"You can't have this guy making statements like that. You have to suspend him and fine him immediately."
NBA TV analyst and former player Chris Webber said that "the NBA owners need to handle their own."
A spokeswoman for the Rev. Al Sharpton's National Action Network, Jacky Johnson, said the organization planned a protest outside Tuesday night's NBA playoff game in Los Angeles.
In Dallas, where the Spurs were getting ready to play the Mavericks, San Antonio coach Gregg Popovich said: "The comments are obviously disgusting."
Mavericks owner Mark Cuban said "I have plenty of opinions, just not going to share them," fending off several inquiries before saying: "Obviously if any business or entrepreneur says or does things that aren't congruent with what the organization is trying to convey, that's a problem. But it's not my problem."
Messages seeking comment from the Clippers were not returned.
Sterling, a real estate owner, bought the Clippers in 1981. He is the longest-tenured owner in the NBA since Lakers owner Jerry Buss died last year.
He has been frequently criticized for his frugal operation of the Clippers, although in recent years he has spent heavily to add stars such as Paul and Rivers, who led the team back to the playoffs in his first year as coach.
Former Clippers guard Baron Davis wrote on Twitter that Sterling's discrimination has been "going on for a long time."
Sterling has been involved in several lawsuits over the years, including ones with discrimination accusations.
In November 2009, Sterling agreed to pay $2.73 million to settle allegations by the government that he refused to rent apartments to Hispanics and blacks and to families with children. The Justice Department sued Sterling in August 2006 for allegations of housing discrimination in the Koreatown area of Los Angeles.


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HP has missed out on a fantastic opportunity with webOS. The company was in a position, by hook or by crook, to give webOS the kind of wide distribution that even Apple would be impressed by. It just had to spend some cash to do it. As an operating system, webOS has what it takes to be a success. The operating system's user interface was well-received, and it has strong concepts, such as unified messaging and card-based multitasking, that rival platforms are only starting to compete with. It also had a development model familiar to millions of Web developers.
What it needed was a bit of momentum. A reason for those Web developers to start developing for it, a reason for mobile operators to start caring about it and promoting it. Palm's advertising, with the creepy girl, was lackluster. HP took that to the next level. I was excited about, and interested in, the Pre3 when it was announced earlier in the year. But I didn't even realize it had launched a few days ago, such was HP's total unwillingness to promote the thing. Bring back the creepy girl—at least it's something.
And yet it seems to me that HP had a perfect opportunity to get webOS into people's hands across the world, thanks to its enormous PC business. Granted, it's now obvious that HP doesn't like its PC business very much. But its reach and penetration, across both the corporate and consumer worlds, is substantial.
So here's what I would have done if I ran HP. I would recognize that a successful mobile and tablet platform can earn a boatload of cash. It's a market that's absolutely worth going after. I would recognize that with webOS I had the fundamentals of this platform, but lacked the critical mass of users that is required to create a sustainable platform.
So I would have done two things. One cheap and easy, one expensive and easy.
Paying the price, whatever it is
The cheap and easy one is to port webOS to Windows. Or rather, to port the webOS runtime environment. Not the Linux-y bits, but the JavaScript-y, HTML5-y bits. There's probably not even a huge amount to do here; WebKit already runs on Windows, and underlying technology like node.js is gaining a first-class Windows port. I'd then develop a bunch of neat applications, plumb the entire thing into webOS's App Catalog, and preinstall them on every HP desktop and laptop that the company sells. I'd also make it a free download with a simple user-friendly installer.
This wouldn't be enough to save webOS. But it would be cheap and easy to do, and it would put the technology in front of people. It would make the webOS development stack something that developers knew about, and thought about, and could trivially use to make their own applications. It's all about making developers recognize that webOS exists and think "oh hey, this is neat."
Now for the expensive part. Give away the hardware. You buy a cheap HP consumer laptop or netbook? You get a Veer. Buy a more expensive one? You get a Pre3 or a TouchPad, your choice. Run the promo for a quarter or two. Advertise all over the place. Pay whatever it takes to get 30-day SIMs with data plans from mobile networks and preinstall them in the phones. Preload them with Angry Birds. Make sure that anyone buying an HP PC will get this cute little gizmo that works and does all sorts of neat stuff out-of-the-box. The PCs should also change a bit. The TouchPad and webOS phones can sync webpages with each other just by dint of being in close proximity; the PC should be able to play the same game. Encourage people who might not otherwise be interested in the tablet or the smartphone to experiment with them.
Not everybody will care about their free phone or free tablet—that's a given. So those folks could give it to their kids, friends, or neighbors. Some devices would no doubt end up languishing in drawers or attics. But plenty of them are going to get used.
No doubt about it, this will cost a big chunk of money. But writing down 250,000 unsold TouchPads also costs a big chunk of money. Buying Palm for $1 billion and then doing nothing with its really neat technology costs a big chunk of money. Your share price dropping 20 percent after you announce the plans to kill webOS hardware and sell off your PC division isn't exactly great financial news either.
And there's still no guarantee of success. Perhaps everyone would try webOS and hate it. Perhaps developers would ignore several million new webOS users, leaving it still desperately in need of applications.
But if they liked it? HP would have had a thriving ecosystem on its hands. Millions of people trying webOS, liking it, recommending it to their friends and family. A development framework that millions of developers already know and understand. An app store with customers in abundance. HP would have been well on its way to smartphone success.
If HP had primed the pump only to find that success still didn't flow, then sure, kill it off, because plainly it's never going to make it. HP, however, never even gave webOS a fighting chance. This wasn't a great big spectacular failure from a company that tried hard, gave it its all, but still couldn't succeed. It was half-hearted capitulation. That's a missed opportunity, if ever there was one.
Listing image by Photo illustration by Aurich Lawson


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HAVERFORD, Pa. – A supermarket employee in suburban Philadelphia had a rude surprise Saturday when he was stung by a scorpion hiding in a shipment of bananas. Haverford police and EMS responded and transported the man to a local hospital. They also had to catch and transport the scorpion so doctors could identify the species. There are more than 1,500 species of scorpions, but only 30 are considered dangerous, according to the
. A sting, though painful, usually is harmless. Chris Brand, public and community relations manager for the Giant supermarket company, stated in a news release that the produce associate was treated at Delaware County Memorial Hospital, and later released. 'We regret that this incident has occurred and are taking immediate steps to prevent a similar incident from happening in the future,' Brand said. 'We will continue to diligently inspect product both at our perishable distribution center and at the store while thoroughly investigating this serious matter with our suppliers.'


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RAC object remastering ( Dynamic remastering )
Posted by Riyaj Shamsudeen on March 25, 2010
In RAC, every data block is mastered by an instance. Mastering a block simply means that master instance keeps track of the state of the block until the next reconfiguration event (due to instance restart or otherwise).
Hash to the master
These data blocks are mastered in block ranges. For example, range of blocks starting from file 10, block 1 through block 128 may be mastered by instance 1, blocks from file 10, block 129 through 256 are mastered by instance 2 etc. Of course, there are differences between various versions 10g, 11g etc, but Idea here is that block ranges are uniformly mastered between various instances so that Global cache grants are evenly distributed among the instances. Interestingly, length of the block range is 128 from 10g onwards (Julian Dyke mentioned that is 1089 in 9i, but I have not personally tested it). Of course, Support recommends you to unset db_file_multiblock_read_count which will be auto adjusted to 128 which means that Full block range can be read with fewer GC messages, I suppose. I digress.
Further, Michael Möller pointed out that this hash-algorithm is further optimized: The hash-algorithm used when initially computing the master node from the DBA, results in a "virtual master", which is then translated to a real (online&open) master by a lookup table (the length of which is the maximum number of possible nodes (128 ?). This means that when one node goes off/on-line, RAC does NOT have to recalculate the hash for all blocks, but only distribute the new Hash-to-node table. (One can later visualize dynamic remastering as an additional lookup table between the hash value and node. This table also needs redistributing on node changes.)
Following SQL is helpful in showing masters and owners of the block. This SQL joins, x$kjbl with x$le to retrieve resource name. If you are familiar with Oracle locking strategy, you would probably recognize the format of these cache fusion (aka old PCM) locks. Lock type in this case is BL, id1 is block# and id2 is file_id in this case. Column kjblname2 provides a decimal format lock resource.
Please observe the output below:
- Block range: File 1, block 6360-6376 is mastered by node 3 and also owned by node 3.
- Block range: File 1, blocks upto 10709 is mastered by instance 0 and owned by instance 3.
- Next block range from 10770 is mastered by instance 2 and owned by 3.
Also, note that this output is generated from a database with no remastering done yet.
REM In kjblname2 first entry before ',' is block and seond entry file_id*65536 for BL locks select kj.*, le.le_Addr from ( select kjblname, kjblname2, kjblowner, kjblmaster, kjbllockp, substr ( kjblname2, instr(kjblname2,',')+1, instr(kjblname2,',',1,2)-instr(kjblname2,',',1,1)-1)/65536 fl, substr ( kjblname2, 1, instr(kjblname2,',')-1) blk from x$kjbl ) kj, x$le le where le.le_kjbl = kj.kjbllockp order by le.le_addr / KJBLNAME KJBLNAME2 KJBLOWNER KJBLMASTER FL BLK LE_ADDR ---------------------- --------------- ---------- ----------- --- ----- ---------------- [0x18d8][0x10000],[BL] 6360,65536,BL 3 3 1 6360 000000038DF9AB08 ... [0x18e7][0x10000],[BL] 6375,65536,BL 3 3 1 6375 000000038DFBF818 => case #2 [0x18e8][0x10000],[BL] 6376,65536,BL 3 3 1 6376 000000038DFD3BA0 ... [0x29d1][0x10000],[BL] 10705,65536,BL 3 0 1 10705 00000005D6FE9230 ... [0x29d5][0x10000],[BL] 10709,65536,BL 3 0 1 10709 000000038EFBB990 [0x2a12][0x10000],[BL] 10770,65536,BL 3 2 1 10770 000000075FFE3C18 ... [0x2a18][0x10000],[BL] 10776,65536,BL 2 2 1 10776 000000038EFA8488 => case #1 [0x2a19][0x10000],[BL] 10777,65536,BL 3 2 1 10777 000000038EFB7F90 [0x2a1a][0x10000],[BL] 10778,65536,BL 1 2 1 10778 000000038EFCC318
Let's consider three simple cases of SELECT statement running instance 3:
- A session is trying to access the block file 1, block 10776, but that block is mastered by instance 2 and also that block is owned by instance 2 (meaning, it is in instance 2 cache). So, instance 3 will sent a PR (Protected Read) mode BL lock request on that block to instance 2. Ignoring additional complexities, instance 2 will grant PR mode lock to instance 3 and transfer the block to instance 3. Obviously, this involves multiple GC messages, grants and block transfer. Statistics 'gc remote grants' gets incremented too.
- Let's consider that session is trying to access another block: file 1, block 6375. That block is mastered by instance 3 and also owned by instance 3. At this point, there is no additional GCS/GES processing is needed and the session pin that buffer and continue the work.
- Let's consider a third case. Session is trying to access file 1 block 6374. That block is not in any buffer cache, but instance 3 is master of the block, so local affinity locks are acquired with minimal GC messages and waits. That block is read from the disk in to the buffer cache
In the case #2 and #3 above, requesting instance also is the master node of a block or block range. In these cases, statistics 'gc local grants' is incremented and cheaper local affinity locks on those block ranges are acquired avoiding many Global cache messages.
So far so good, but what if, say instance 1, is reading one object (table, index etc) aggressively, but other instances are not reading that object at all? [ through some sort of application node partitioning or just plain workload]. Does it make sense for the instance accessing that object aggressively request a grant to the remote instance(s) for each OPEN on that object's blocks? Especially, if the blocks are read in to the buffer cache, but disappears soon from the buffer cache? Wouldn't that be better if the instance reading that object aggressively is also the master of that object, as in the cases #2 and #3 above?
In addition to that, if the block is supposed to be thrown away from buffer cache (close of BL lock) or if the block needs to be written, then that will involve additional overhead/messaging between the master instance and owner instance since the ownership needs to be communicated back to the master of the block.
Enter Object remastering.
Object Remastering
There are many new features in 10g/11g RAC stack. One of them is Object remastering feature. This feature was implemented in 10gR1 and improved in 10gR2 and further enhanced in 11g. I realize there are parameters in 9i also, but I don't think it worked as intended.
With object remastering feature, if an object is accessed by an instance aggressively, then that instance will become the master of the object reducing gc remote grants improving performance of the application. In the prior sentence, I used the word "accessed", but it is a loose term, and the correct term is if the instance is requesting much BL locks on an object, then that object can be remastered. In an ideal world, even if the application is not partitioned, remastering of the objects that were accessed aggressively from one instance will acquire cheaper local instance affinity locks and effective RAC Tax will be minimal.
Well, I said, in an ideal world 🙂 There are few issues here:
- Instance do not remember prior mastership across restarts. This means that instance needs to re-learn the object mastership map after every restart. I can see the complexities of remembering the mastership, but it is possible to implement that.
- Remastering is not exactly cheap. Instance GRD is frozen during reconfiguration and in a very busy instances, this can take many seconds leading to instance freeze for several seconds. While 10gR2 introduce parallel reconfiguration (_rcfg_parallel_Replay parameter controls this behavior) using all LMS processes to complete the reconfiguration, still, several seconds of freeze is not exactly acceptable in many environments.
- I advice my clients to keep LMS processes to a lower value (3 to 5), at the most, but instance reconfiguration effective parallelism is reduced if we reduce number of LMS processes.
- Last, but not the least important point is that, default values of few parameters that trigger remastering events are quite low for busy environments causing frequent remastering of objects. In an E-Business World, minor mismanagement in the manager configuration can lead to a massive reconfiguration issues.
Parameters, views and internals
Few parameters are controlling this behavior, not well documented, my test case results are not very accurate either. But, these parameters are giving us a picture of what is going on internally. These parameters are applicable to 10gR2 and below. For 11g, whole set of different parameters comes in to play and I will blog about the differences in another blog entry.
X$object_affinity_statistics maintains the statistics about objects and OPENs on those objects. It is important to understand the difference between OPEN and Buffer access. If the block is in the cache already in a suitable mode, there is no need for BL opens on that block. So, if the sessions are accessing the same block repeatedly without requesting any additional BL locks, then the count is not incremented. So, OPEN is simply a number of BL request initiated in an ephimeral time frame.
LCK0 process maintains these object affinity statistics. If an instance opens 50 more opens on an object then the other instance (controlled by _gc_affinity_limit parameter), then that object is a candidate for remastering. That object is queued and LMD0 reads the queue and initiates GRD freeze. LMON performs reconfiguration of buffer cache locks working with LMS processes. All these are visible in LMD0/LMON trace files. Parameter _gc_affinity_time controls how often the queue is checked to see if the remastering must be triggered or not with a default value of 10 minutes.
Now, you don't want just any object as a candidate for remastering, meaning, if instance 1 opened 101 BL locks on that object and instance 2 opened 50 BL locks on that object, you don't want to trigger object remastering. Only objects with higher amount of BL lock requests must be queued for remastering. Well, that threshold seems to be controlled by another parameter _gc_affinity_minimum: This parameter is defined as "minimum amount of dynamic affinity activity per minute" to be a candidate for remastering. Defaults to 2500 and I think, it is lower in a busy environment.
Few lines from LMD0 trace files showing that LMD0 is reading a request queue:
* kjdrchkdrm: found an RM request in the request queue Transfer pkey 6589904 to node 3 *** 2009-10-12 11:41:20.257
How bad can it get?
Performance can suffer if there are remastering issues. Following AWR report shows that few instances froze due to DRM reconfiguration issue. Same type of freeze is visible in all other nodes too. gc buffer busy is a side effect of DRM freeze (not always, but in this case).
Top 5 Timed Events Avg %Total ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ wait Call Event Waits Time (s) (ms) Time Wait Class ------------------------------ ------------ ----------- ------ ------ ---------- gc buffer busy 1,826,073 152,415 83 62.0 Cluster CPU time 30,192 12.3 enq: TX - index contention 34,332 15,535 453 6.3 Concurrenc gcs drm freeze in enter server 22,789 11,279 495 4.6 Other enq: TX - row lock contention 46,926 4,493 96 1.8 Applicatio
At the same time, a storm of DRM were started. This lead to repetitive DRM freeze and instance configuration leading to massive performance issues.
* received DRM start msg from 2 (cnt 5, last 1, rmno 404) Rcvd DRM(404) Transfer pkey 1598477 from 3 to 2 oscan 1.1 Rcvd DRM(404) Dissolve pkey 6100030 from 2 oscan 0.1 Rcvd DRM(404) Dissolve pkey 5679943 from 2 oscan 0.1 Rcvd DRM(404) Transfer pkey 6561036 from 0 to 2 oscan 1.1 Rcvd DRM(404) Transfer pkey 5095243 to 2 oscan 0.1 ...
A small test case
Let's walk through a test case that shows DRM in play. Query used index access path to read nearly all blocks from a big index.
Session #1: select data_object_id from dba_objects where object_name='WMS_N1'; DATA_OBJECT_ID ------------- 6099472 REM No affinity statistics yet. select * from x$object_affinity_statistics where object=6099472; no rows selected. REM executing a costly select statement select /*+ index(a WMS_N1 */ count(*) from big_table1 a; Session #2: I was monitoring the DRM tables: REM DRM operations completed so far is 409. We will keep track of this count to see the remastering count intereasing. There are few REM other interesting fields in this view. select drms from X$KJDRMAFNSTATS; DRM ---- 409 REM I see that 23442 opens on that index already since the session #1 started running. select * from x$object_affinity_statistics where object=6099472; ADDR INDX INST_ID OBJECT NODE OPENS ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- FFFFFFFF7C05BFA8 14 1 6099472 1 23442 REM No mastering has kicked in for that object. select * from v$gcspfmaster_info where object_id=6099472; no rows selected REM few seconds later, open count increased from 23442 -> 33344. select * from x$object_affinity_statistics where object=6099472; ADDR INDX INST_ID OBJECT NODE OPENS ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- FFFFFFFF7C05BFA8 16 1 6099472 1 33344 REM No remastering has kicked in for that object. select * from v$gcspfmaster_info where object_id=6099472; no rows selected REM Surprisingly, while session #1 is still executing, the counter for OPENS was zeroed out even when though DRM has not been triggered yet. REM OPENS Increased to 1229 from 0 since the session #1 is still executing. ADDR INDX INST_ID OBJECT NODE OPENS ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- FFFFFFFF7C05BFA8 0 1 6099472 1 1229 REM Approximately 10 minutes or so later, Remastering kicked in.. REM # of DRMS increased from 409 to 411 select drms from X$KJDRMAFNSTATS; DRM ---- 411 REM Remastering of that index happened. Now the master is 0 which is instance 1. select * from v$gcspfmaster_info where object_id=6099472; FILE_ID OBJECT_ID CURRENT_MASTER PREVIOUS_MASTER REMASTER_CNT ---------- ---------- -------------- --------------- ------------ 0 6099472 0 32767 1 REM Opens are still increasing but remastering has already occurred. select * from x$object_affinity_statistics where object=6099472; ADDR INDX INST_ID OBJECT NODE OPENS ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- FFFFFFFF7C05AF78 2 1 6099472 1 42335 FFFFFFFF7C05AF78 3 1 6099472 2 1 REM LMON trace files are also indicating transfer of that pkey. Notice that pkey is same as object_id *** 2010-03-23 10:41:57.355 Begin DRM(411) - transfer pkey 6099472 to 0 oscan 0.0 ftd received from node 1 (4/0.30.0) all ftds received REM few seconds later, opens have been reset again. select * from x$object_affinity_statistics where object=6099472; ADDR INDX INST_ID OBJECT NODE OPENS ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- FFFFFFFF7C05BFA8 0 1 6099472 1 7437 REM Still the master is instance 1. select * from v$gcspfmaster_info where object_id=6099472; FILE_ID OBJECT_ID CURRENT_MASTER PREVIOUS_MASTER REMASTER_CNT ---------- ---------- -------------- --------------- ------------ 0 6099472 0 32767 1
Essentially, an object was remastered after excessive BL locking requests ( in a loose term accesses) on that index.
undo and affinity
Mastering of Undo segments differ from non-undo segment mastering. With non-undo segments, all the blocks are mastered by a hash technique spreading mastership among instances for a segment. Only after an instance opens BL locks aggressively on a segment that segment is mastered. But, for undo segments, Instance that activates an undo segment masters the segment immediately. This makes sense, since that undo segment will be used by the instance opening the segment in most cases. Parameter _gc_undo_affinity controls whether this dynamic undo remastering is enabled or not.
Since undo segments do not have real object_ids, a dummy object_ids over a value of 4294950912 is used. For example, undo segment 1 (with usn=1) will have an object_id of 4294950913, usn=2 will have object_id of 4294950914 etc.
[ 4294950912 = power(2,32) – power (2,14) = xFFFFC000 ]
select objecT_id, object_id-4294950912 usn, current_master, previous_master, remaster_cnt from v$gcspfmaster_info where object_id>4294950912 OBJECT_ID USN CURRENT_MASTER PREVIOUS_MASTER REMASTER_CNT ---------- ---------- -------------- --------------- ------------ 4294950913 1 0 32767 1 4294950914 2 0 32767 1 4294950915 3 0 32767 1 4294950916 4 0 32767 1 4294950917 5 0 32767 1 4294950918 6 0 32767 1 4294950919 7 0 32767 1 4294950920 8 0 32767 1 4294950921 9 0 32767 1 4294950922 10 0 32767 1 4294950923 11 1 32767 1 4294950924 12 1 32767 1 4294950925 13 1 32767 1 ...
REM Notice that usno 0 is in both instances. That is system undo segment.
REM As you can see below first 10 undo segments are mastered by node 1 is next 3 are mastered by instance 2.
select inst_id, usn, gets from gv$rollstat where usn <=13 order by inst_id, usn INST_ID USN GETS ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 0 3130 1 1 108407 1 2 42640 1 3 43985 1 4 41743 1 5 165166 1 6 43485 1 7 109044 1 8 23982 1 9 39279 1 10 48552 2 0 4433 2 11 231147 2 12 99785 2 13 1883
I was not successful in triggering another undo segment remastering event. I created one active transaction generating 200K undo blocks in one node, another node was reading that table and I can see enormous waits for those undo blocks. But, I didn't see any remastering events related to that undo segment. Not sure why it did not work, may be the conditions for the undo segment remastering is different.
[ PS: I am able to manually remaster the undo segment using lkdebug command discussed below: So, code must be remastering the undo segments automatically too, but may be some other conditions must be met.
1* select * from v$gcspfmaster_info where object_id=431+4294950912 FILE_ID OBJECT_ID CURRENT_MASTER PREVIOUS_MASTER REMASTER_CNT ---------- ---------- -------------- --------------- ------------ 0 4294951343 0 32767 1 Oradebug lkdebug –m pkey 4294951343 * kjdrchkdrm: found an RM request in the request queue Transfer pkey 4294951343 to node 1 *** 2010-03-24 12:47:29.011 Begin DRM(520) - transfer pkey 4294951343 to 1 oscan 0.1 ftd received from node 0 (4/0.31.0) all ftds received select * from v$gcspfmaster_info where object_id=431+4294950912 SQL> / FILE_ID OBJECT_ID CURRENT_MASTER PREVIOUS_MASTER REMASTER_CNT ---------- ---------- -------------- --------------- ------------ 0 4294951343 1 0 2 ]
I am not preaching that you should modify these undocumented parameters. Far from it. Understand the parameters, if you run in to wait events such as 'gc remaster', 'gcs freeze for instance reconfiguration', understand whether the default values are quite low. Work with support and see if this can be tuned.
Manual remastering
You can manually remaster an object with oradebug command :
oradebug lkdebug -m pkey
This enqueues an object remaster request. LMD0 and LMON completes this request *** 2010-01-08 23:25:54.948 * received DRM start msg from 1 (cnt 1, last 1, rmno 191) Rcvd DRM(191) Transfer pkey 6984154 from 0 to 1 oscan 0.0 ftd received from node 1 (8/0.30.0) ftd received from node 0 (8/0.30.0) ftd received from node 3 (8/0.30.0) Current_master starts from 0. 1* select * from v$gcspfmaster_info where object_id=6984154 SQL> / FILE_ID OBJECT_ID CURRENT_MASTER PREVIOUS_MASTER REMASTER_CNT ---------- ---------- -------------- --------------- ------------ 0 6984154 1 0 2 SQL> oradebug lkdebug -m pkey 6984154 Statement processed. SQL> select * from v$gcspfmaster_info where object_id=6984154 / FILE_ID OBJECT_ID CURRENT_MASTER PREVIOUS_MASTER REMASTER_CNT ---------- ---------- -------------- --------------- ------------ 0 6984154 2 1 3
In summary, remastering is a great feature. It is a pity that some times, we fall victims of the side effects. So, if you run in to issues with remastering, don't disable it, but see if you can tune those parameter upwards so as to control the remastering events. If you stil want to disable DRM completely, I would recommend setting _gc_affinity_limit and _gc_affinity_minimum to much higher value, say 10Million. Setting the parameter _gc_affinity_time to 0 will completely disable DRM, but that also means that you can not manually remaster objects. Further, Arup mentioned that x$object_affinity_statistics is not maintained if DRM is disabled.
Again, these are undocumented parameters. Before you change these parameters make sure that Oracle Support agrees with you.
Update 1:
From 11g onwards, affinity management renamed to policy management. For example, x$object_affinity_statistics is renamed to x$object_policy_statistics. Similarly, initialization parameters are renamed too:Parameter _gc_affinity_limit is renamed to _gc_policy_limit; Parameter _gc_affinity_time is renamed to _gc_policy_time; A new view v$policy_history is introduced and all rows with policy_event = 'initiate_affinity' are associated with DRM events.
Other details about the blog still holds good, except that by default _gc_policy_limit is lowered to 1500 which would mean that, by theory, 11g may have more DRM events. YMMV.
1* select * from v$policy_history INST_ID POLICY_EVENT DATA_OBJECT_ID TARGET_INSTANCE_NUMBER EVENT_DATE ---------- -------------------- -------------- ---------------------- -------------------- 2 glru_on 0 1 10/15/2010 10:58:28 2 glru_on 0 1 10/15/2010 11:21:32 2 initiate_affinity 74809 1 10/15/2010 13:27:44
[ Many Thanks Arup Nanda and Michael Möller (aka "M2") for reviewing this blog entry, they contributed heavily to some of my discussion. But, any mistakes in this document is solely of mine. ]
This blog is available in a pdf format from Dynamic_remastering_RAC_orainternals.
34 Responses to "RAC object remastering ( Dynamic remastering )"
March 25, 2010 at 11:12 am
Hello Riyaj,
thank you for this very detailed description. As always, you excel in technical detail. One question: I read that beginning in 10gR2, mastering is done per segment. How does that relate to your investigation with mastering per block ranges of 128? Could it be that one segment has several different master for its block ranges? What is the sense of having mastering per block range if remastering is done on segment (data object id) level only?
Second, I want to share my experience with DRM in Linux Itanium with release 10.2.0.4. There were some serious bugs for which oracle support could provide fixes only after several weeks of suffering. Details are in
Best regards,
March 26, 2010 at 7:28 am
Thank you Riyaj,
March 26, 2010 at 11:25 am
Hello, Riyaj
If you don't mind I will try to translate this great article into Chinese and post on my own blog site which is http://www.dbform.com. Is it OK?
March 29, 2010 at 3:36 pm
Can we use "oradebug lkdebug -m pkey" to remaster an block to a specific instance? say we are in a 3-nodes (or more) RAC environment.
April 5, 2010 at 8:27 pm
[…] in "So Many Oracle Manuals" blog. Riyaj Shamsudeen wrote a highly detailed analysis of RAC object remastering, in his Oracle Internals blog. An important read for everyone who wonders how RAC really does its […]
April 22, 2010 at 4:02 am
[…] found a great post about Oracle's dynamic object remastering feature in Riyaj's blog. I figured that the reason for the timeouts is that Oracle is using the public network for […]
May 3, 2010 at 2:40 am
[…] does dynamic remastering work in Oracle RAC Riyaj Shamsudeen-RAC object remastering ( Dynamic remastering ) Leave a […]
November 23, 2010 at 3:23 am
FYI I have hit 2 bugs in 22.214.171.124 the latest one being Bug 10200390 ORA-600[kjbclose_remaster:!drm] in RAC with fix for 9979039
which is fixed in BP7
Hence for the moment have had to turn DRM off
April 7, 2011 at 3:48 pm
Excelente, muchas gracias.
May 4, 2011 at 6:58 am
In that view :
select * from v$gcspfmaster_info where object_id=431+4294950912 FILE_ID OBJECT_ID CURRENT_MASTER PREVIOUS_MASTER REMASTER_CNT ---------- ---------- -------------- --------------- ------------ 0 4294951343 0 32767 1
do You know what PREVIOUS_MASTER = 32767 means ? Looks like 32767 is some kind of not previously mastered indicator , right ? Great blog btw. Regards GregG
November 28, 2011 at 3:43 am
select * from x$object_policy_statistics where OBJECT = 632521;
—————- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———- ———-
Hi, please explain the meaning of xopens and xfers. Thanks.
January 7, 2012 at 3:51 pm
Hi Riyaj
for undo affinity, you said, "I was not successful in triggering another undo segment remastering event.", according to MOS note: 786048.1
1. DRM establishes undo affinity when undo segments are onlined by instances
2. When an instance crashes, the recovering instance temporarily masters undo blocks from the crashed instance to perform recovery.
so, I don't think you can trigger the undo segment remastering by doing a lot of select.
February 1, 2012 at 9:25 pm
Awesome, best article to understand remastering…Keep it up
June 13, 2012 at 2:05 pm
[…] is the master node of the cluster. Any node can become the master node of a particulat block. RAC object remastering ( Dynamic remastering ) This link will explain more about the second part. Reply With […]
August 2, 2012 at 9:00 pm
Hello Riyaj,
Great post. Apologies for commenting on a very old blog post, but in the "Update 1" section, don't you mean _gc_policy_minimum? I can't find a parameter called _gc_policy_limit.
September 18, 2012 at 4:12 pm
Hi Riyaj,
Very informative post indeed. Is there any improvement in DRM in 11.2.0.x over 220.127.116.11.x?
February 28, 2014 at 8:35 pm
[…] blogged about Dynamic Resource Mastering (DRM) in RAC here . DRM freezes the global resources during the reconfiguration event and no new resources can be […]
April 15, 2014 at 3:53 am
[…] https://orainternals.wordpress.com/2010/03/25/rac-object-remastering-dynamic-remastering/ […]
April 5, 2018 at 9:12 am
I don't know if it's just me or if eveyone else experiencing problems with your blog.
It looks like some of the text iin your posts are runninbg
off thhe screen. Can someone else please comment and lett me know if this is happening to them too?
This coujld be a isasue with my browser because
I've had this happen previously. Thank you
February 19, 2019 at 8:10 am
That's a great article with in-depth details. I was just wondering how can a block have different 'owner' and 'master'? Is it so that the instance which presently holds a lock on that block will be termed as the owner, while some other instance continues to be its master?


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Welcome to TMI Week! We are taking a break from blogging to dedicate some brain-time to our coursework, and so we thought we'd beef up our Two Minute Insight shortcast series. Over the next 5 days stop back by to hear some brief thoughts on a variety of topics related to Librarianship, library school and the state of education.
The HackLibSchool Editorial team – minus Julia 😦 – took fifteen minutes to discuss what we see as some major issues that will be facing librarianship in the next few years. FYI – this was the first time we have actually all "talked" to one another, and it was cool just to hear one another's voices. Also, this is meant as a practice in vocalizing our ideas in a different medium, and we hope you'll forgive any novice nervousness and/or technological glitches.* This episode breaks the Two Minute mold by about 13 minutes, but we thought it'd be nice to introduce ourselves and our emerging ideas is this format. Expect more team-sized shortcasts in the future.
Here's the hightlights in case you can't listen to the whole thing:
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*Micah's note: Feel free to drink every time I say "great"… After class, in the comfort of your local pub or home, and of legal age, of course.
Categories: TMI


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Way back in the olden days, when the world was young and we were all much more innocent*, the Bullet Cluster was discovered. It was a revelation: two galaxy clusters had collided, leaving a mess of glowing ordinary matter and large clumps of invisible, gravity-rich material—in completely separate locations. Combined with some modeling, this was hailed as an unambiguous observation of dark matter.
Scientists, who were thinking of committing the sacrilege** of modifying the theory of gravity in a way that made dark matter superfluous, were saved. Our existing theory of gravity seemed to work, and they could return to reveling in the certainty of the known and simply reap the reward of... well, certainly there was some sort of reward.
Unfortunately, someone forgot to put the lens cap back on the Hubble telescope. Much to everyone's dismay, it snapped a picture of the Abell 520 cluster, which had dark matter where it shouldn't be. To make matters worse, it certainly didn't have visible matter where it should. Those few scientists who, disturbingly, enjoy thinking dark and sacrilegious thoughts were back in action. They might be allowed to modify gravity after all.
So all eyes turned to Israel, where Mordehi Milgrom pondered his differential equations and said, "Well, if we're going to modify gravity, we should make sure that it lines up with observations (at least some of them, anyway)." He has labored mightily to see if modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) can predict the rotation curves of more galaxies.
Originally, MOND was an alternative explanation for observations of the speed with which stars move in certain galaxies, called rotation curves. At the time, either explanation—modified gravity or dark matter—were equally valid.
But over the years, cosmology entered an age of precision. We got details from the cosmic microwave background that told us a lot about the Universe's structure and evolution. And suddenly we could calculate how the Universe would look like without dark matter. It didn't look much like the one we observe today. This new line of evidence, was, I think, the factor that has driven many physicists to accept dark matter as a reality.
But MOND is not dead, and rightly so, because, the two observations that I just described (the Bullet and Abell 520 clusters) show that our understanding of dark matter is far from complete***. But MOND theories, which are supposed to do away with the need for dark matter, have been in a similar position—they can't explain both of these observations, either.
Milgrom's latest paper shows that MOND theories can account for the rotation curves (the speed of stars within a galaxy) of a pair of elliptical galaxies. The same MOND models also nicely account for the rotation curves of spiral and other galaxy types. This is useful, since it shows that a consistent MOND framework can account for a range of different observations. Coupled with the fact that MOND can, reportedly, account for the Bullet cluster, the case for MOND begins to look stronger.
The other ray of hope that is opening up for MOND theorists are the results from the Large Hadron Collider. Physicists have been hoping that the LHC would produce dark matter particles in the debris of its collisions. However, observations so far show no hint of a stable dark matter particle.
Nevertheless, MOND still has to be able to account for the cosmic microwave background and Abell 520 cluster. The cosmic microwave background is especially problematic; if that cannot be explained, MOND cannot pass muster.
This is what puzzles me most. I know it's important to check the sort of details like galaxy structures, but I really want to know if they are making progress on the bigger problems. Put simply, I would rather have a theory that explained the big picture and messed up some details, rather than a theory that got a particular set of details completely right and failed to describe the big picture.
But this is science in action. Both theories have some evidence going for them. Both have troubling observations. And, importantly, even though they take potshots at each other over dinner at conferences, neither side is excluded from the conversation, as long as they both work to accommodate the data from the real world.
* 2006
** Again. The recommended allowance for sacrilege is once per generation.
*** "Far from complete" is a euphemism for wrong—utterly wrong.
Physical Review Letters, 2012, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.131101


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posted by Adrian Foo | 2015-09-05 18:05:00
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Facebook has done the totally thinkable: it now counts 1 billion accounts in its user base, as reported to NBC's Today Thursday. This count presumably doesn't include the substantial population of fake accounts, which constituted about 8.7 percent of users as of early August.
Facebook's growth has been steady for the last couple of years, with 955 million active users in August. Fake and spam accounts had ballooned over the last few months, going from between 42.25 million and 50.7 million in March to 83.09 million in August.
The company began a serious crackdown on Fauxbook accounts last week, evidenced by losses in page "likes" by entities including Shakira and Zynga's Texas Hold'em Poker. Facebook did not comment on the effect the purge had on the percentage makeup of fake accounts, but it apparently didn't slow growth much. If 8.7 percent of fake accounts held steady, there are 95 million impostors on Facebook by now.
To put that billion in perspective, that's the entire estimated population of the world in 1800, or more than the combined current populations of the US, Indonesia, Brazil, and Pakistan. Less than nine years ago, no one was on Facebook; now, more than one in seven people in the world are.


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County commission deals with issues
County officials handled a variety of agenda items during their regular finance/business meeting on Tuesday.
The Cheboygan County Board of Commissioners approved recommendations from the Board Appointments and Procedures Committee and reappointed Alice Mushlock to the Tax Allocation Board for a one-year term, as well as appointed Barbara Lennon to the Department of Public Works Board.
The panel also approved a Michigan Department of Transportation contract for the replacement of one Straits Regional Ride bus up to 30-feet in size with a lift. This would replace the final bus in the Straits Regional Ride fleet, which has met its useful life in mileage and years of service. The cost of the bus is $115,605, with $92,484 coming from federal funds and $23,121 coming from state funds.
The Board of Commissioners also heard and accepted a community plan from the Cheboygan County Council on Aging for 2014-2016. The plan is required every three years by the Northeast Michigan Community Service Agency, who is a funding source that provides about one-third of the resources that allow the Council on Aging to provide homemaker services, respite care, personal care and home-delivered meals to the home-bound seniors in the area, as well as subsidizing the congregate meal program. The plan must be reviewed and accepted by the Board of Commissioners.
A contract for a music and wrestling show was approved for Aug. 3 as a 2013 Cheboygan County Fair event at a cost of $1,500 to be covered by the fair budget. The International Rock and Wrestling Xperience will begin at 7 p.m. on that date and will last 2.5 hours. The event is promoted as family-oriented, entertainment only and does not involve real competition.
Also approved were an agreement with John E. Green of Petoskey in the amount of $128,375 for Cheboygan County Building boiler replacement; an agreement with Trust Thermal Abatement of Owosso, Mich. in the amount of $5,800 for asbestos removal in the Cheboygan County Building boiler room; and an agreement with The Architect Forum of Mackinaw City in the amount of $2,100 for architect services related to preliminary design, construction design and project administration for renovations to the midway restrooms located at the Cheboygan County Fairgrounds.
Additionally, the panel approved an advertising agreement with Northern Star Broadcasting to produce and air a number of 30- and 60-second advertisements promoting Cheboygan County's Great Up North website in exchange for the county providing advertising space on the Great Up North website promoting Northern Star Broadcasting radio stations over the term of the agreement.
The Board of Commissioners also approved an additional appropriation for $2,000 that was not originally included in the budget for the purchase of legal files to hold juvenile case files.
A lease addendum for the Doris Reid Building was approved after it was requested by North Country Community Mental Health so the agency could comply with federal standards in that lease payments charged cannot exceed the county's costs.
An Internet website policy was also approved that clarifies who can post/link information to the county's site and more.
An agenda item regarding wage reimbursement for members of the Department of Human Services Social Services Board was tabled until the May 14 meeting.


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Rockford economic group's annual meeting sold out; Transform Rockford leader guest speaker
More than 850 people will attend Wednesday's sold-out Rockford Area Economic Development Council's annual meeting and dinner at Giovanni's Restaurant and Convention Center.
Tom Gendron, chairman and CEO of Woodward Inc., will be keynote speaker with his "The Power of a Shared Vision" message.
Gendron has been leading the Transform Rockford effort to turn the city from one Forbes calls miserable into one that is envied.
Networking is from 5 to 6:30 p.m. Dinner is at 6:30 p.m. The program starts at 7 p.m.
Reporter Georgette Braun will tweet from the meeting @GeorgetteBraun. Join her in tweeting, using the #TransformRockford hashtag.
The next Transform Rockford meeting will be from 1 to 4 p.m. Dec. 14 at Ellis Elementary School in Rockford. Comparisons will be made between top cities and Rockford at the meeting. The aim is to develop strategies to make Rockford a top city.


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Bombardier Transportation Releases its Fourth Sustainability Report: "Shaping the Future of Mobility, Responsibly"
May 28, 2013 /3BL Media/ -
- Report demonstrates the superior Bombardier Product Responsibility Strategy
- Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is integral to all business areas including innovation, product design, manufacturing and community involvement
- CSR at Bombardier Transportation is based on a formal stakeholder dialogue
As a global leader in rail technology, Bombardier Transportation continues to shape the future of mobility, responsibly. With the publication of its fourth bi-annual Sustainability Report, the company showcases its 2011/2012 CSR achievements.
A structured stakeholder analysis helped to shape Bombardier Transportation's CSR agenda and with it, CSR standards for the entire rail industry. As a result, this report reflects how the company is delivering innovation, managing its business responsibly and supporting communites – all integral parts of being a leader in the global rail industry.
Bombardier's five-stage Product Responsibility Strategy shows how the company delivers innovative and sustainable transport solutions based on the example of the BOMBARDIER SPACIUM train: Design – Supply Chain – Manufacturing & Testing – Product Use & Maintenance – End-of-Life. At the end of their life cycle, the newly developed Bombardier rail vehicles offer a recoverability rate of up to 98%, a recyclability rate of up to 93% and up to 96% less CO2 emissions per passenger kilometer than other modes of transportation.
Responsible management requires a transparent environmental footprint for each product. "We began our product environmental performance reporting as early as 1999 when we launched our first Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)," said Michael Schemmer, Head of CSR and Health Safety & Environment, Bombardier Transportation. "To date, we have released 15 EPDs, including the four EPDs that we published over the last two years for BOMBARDIER INNOVIA Metro 200, the BOMBARDIER REGINA Intercity X55 train, the BOMBARDIER TALENT 2 train and the BOMBARDIER FLEXITY Outlook tram," he added.
Bombardier Transportation's commitment to support communities is embedded in its strategy to grow local roots in key markets. The business continued to increase the focus of its sponsorship globally on the three areas of education, environment and entrepreneurship. In 2012, 46 % of its donations and sponsorship concentrated on these three areas, up from 20% in 2010 and 35% in 2011. This targeted approach helps Bombardier Transportation to create value in the communities where it operates. Successful employee volunteering pilot events in different regions gathered best practice, paving the way towards more volunteering activities in the future.
In preparing this report, Bombardier applied the Global Reporting Initiative Sustainability Reporting Guidelines (GRI) 3.1. GRI is a multi-stakeholder governed institution that provides global standards in sustainability reporting and is a collaborating centre of the United Nations Environment Programme.
The Bombardier Transportation Sustainability report is based on the 2012 Bombardier Inc. CSR Report. To view the full online report, also covering the CSR performance of Bombardier Aerospace, and the pdf version of both reports, visit www.csr.bombardier.com.
About Bombardier Transportation
Bombardier Transportation, a global leader in rail technology, offers the broadest portfolio in the rail industry and delivers innovative products and services that set new standards in sustainable mobility. BOMBARDIER ECO4 technologies – built on the four cornerstones of energy, efficiency, economy and ecology – conserve energy, protect the environment and help to improve total train performance for operators and passengers. Bombardier Transportation is headquartered in Berlin, Germany, and has a very diverse customer base with products or services in more than 60 countries. It has an installed base of over 100,000 vehicles worldwide.
About Bombardier
Bombardier is the world's only manufacturer of both planes and trains. Looking far ahead while delivering today, Bombardier is evolving mobility worldwide by answering the call for more efficient, sustainable and enjoyable transportation everywhere. Our vehicles, services and, most of all, our employees are what make us a global leader in transportation.
Bombardier is headquartered in Montréal, Canada. Our shares are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (BBD) and we are listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability World and North America Indexes. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, we posted revenues of $16.8 billion. News and information are available at bombardier.com or follow us on Twitter @Bombardier.
Note to Editors
For news releases, related material and photos, visit our media centre at
Follow Bombardier Transportation on Twitter @BombardierRail.
BOMBARDIER, SPACIUM, INNOVIA, REGINA, TALENT, FLEXITY and ECO4 are trademarks of Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries.
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Ethical Debate: Traversi versus Blowtorch
"Don't blowtorch the holds!" Or at least that's what Carlo Traversi has been hearing lately after being shown in a film using a blowtorch to dry some wet granite holds in Sweden.
"Don't blowtorch the holds!" Or at least that's what Carlo Traversi has been hearing lately after being shown in a film using a blowtorch to dry some wet granite holds in Sweden."It is definitely very interesting to me that this particular occurrence has just now turned into such a big issue," wrote Traversi in an e-mail to Rock and Ice. "I've seen blowtorches used in the past, both in films and out in the world and I've never heard anyone condemn the use of them."
The incident occurred on the granite boulders of Vastervick, and was made public in a Bearcam Media video (see video below).
One viewer commented beneath the video: "No one should blowtorch any rock. No matter the type it still expands and contracts under extreme heat and will eventually break. And a high profile sponsored climber should be smart enough to know this and also that by doing so he will make others think it's ok to do so, too."
This isn't the first time blowtorching has been depicted in climbing media. For example, Peter Mortimer's film First Ascent shows the crack-master Didier Berthod using a blowtorch to dry the Cobra Crack (5.14). Yet, no ethical debate ensued.
"Blowtorching Cobra Crack is an excellent example," wrote Traversi. "I think the effect on rock is the same in that situation as it would be anywhere else. Perhaps the particular way it was filmed and the way the audience received the idea this time around was much different."
Traversi chimed in on his blog and apologized for the incident, stating, "It is most certainly not worth damaging rock just to get an extra day of climbing."
The post gained the attention of 8a.nu and the debate continued. Interestingly, the founder of 8a.nu, Jens Larssen, expressed his own opinion on the matter writing, "As we are talking Swedish granite and temperature it is very important to stress that a blow torch normally does not make the granite go from 0 to 100 degrees or so. In fact, the guys I have been talking to say that maybe the temperature gets to 37 degrees as a maximum but normally the temperature does not change."
He added, "Previously I have been talking to an expert who said that he did not see any risk at all on granite based on how we used a blow torch. Nevertheless, it is of course good to spread this info so anyone who is desperate for some dry granite can use the blowtorch as smooth as possible. For other rock I do not have any experience."
Despite the Larssen's assurance that blowtorching granite is acceptable, others remain obstinate that blowtorching holds is a form of defacing the rock. Traversi himself has come to this conclusion.
"I've heard countless explanations favoring both sides," he writes. "Regardless, moving forward, anything that could have a potentially detrimental effect on the rock should be avoided."
What do you think? Please comment below.
Here's the video by Bearcam Media featuring Vastervick Bouldering
Vastervik Bouldering from Bearcam Media on Vimeo.
Photo courtesy of Carlo Traversi.


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"The least we can do to show our appreciation for [firefighters] is to ensure that you have fellow firefighters there on the line with you helping to save lives," said U.S. Sen. Robert Menendez (D-NJ) at the North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue (NHRFR) Headquarters in West New York early Monday morning.
Menendez and Rep. Albio Sires (D-13th Dist.) joined Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) representatives, local officials, and first responders to announce the award of a $5.5 million federal grant to NHRFR so that they can hire 32 new full-time firefighters. Menendez and Sires were involved in securing the grant.
The squad will have 90 days to hire the new firefighters, and they must hire from a state service list. This comes after the Newark branch of the NAACP filed suit, years ago, charging that the squad's local residency requirement was discriminatory. The U.S. Supreme Court turned down a NHRFR appeal in June to continue hiring firefighters only from the five Hudson County towns they service.
The $5.6 million marks one of the largest federal grants given out in the entire country.
"Senator Bob Menendez understands that public safety must be our top priority, which is why he's lead the charge in Washington to increase funding for our fire departments and our first responders," Weehawken Mayor and NHRFR Chairman Richard Turner said. "We cannot walk away from our obligations to the men and women who put their lives on the line for all of us every day."
Region at risk
"[NHRFR] Chief Frank Montaigne leads a group of firefighters in one of the more challenging areas in our country," Menendez announced. "This particular region has been called the most dangerous two miles in America."
He referred to a 2005 article in the New York Times that referred to the stretch between the Port of Newark in Elizabeth to the Lincoln Tunnel in Weehawken to be at a particularly high risk for terrorist attack.
Not only this, but North Hudson happens to be one of the most densely populated areas in the country. Approximately 200,000 people live within 23,500 sq. miles, Menendez said, which include four of the nation's most densely populated cities (Union City, Jersey City, Hoboken, and Guttenberg).
Menendez said the region has over 75,000 emergency incidents per year; including a high number of fire incidents. There were 710 in 2009, and 717 in 2010, he said.
"This [grant] is crucial," Sires said. "When I tell people in Washington that I live in a community that is one square mile and has 50,000 people, they look at me like I have two heads."
Preparedness in the wake of tragedy
Each local official found the timing of the grant appropriate, with its announcement on the eve of the eleventh anniversary of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
"We are on the verge tomorrow of commemorating the 11th anniversary," Menendez said. "In fact, on that fateful day, it was not the federal government who came and responded to the challenges and the tragedy of the World Trade Center, it was local police and firefighters and emergency management that responded. They are the ones that we call upon, and while some may have forgotten the challenges of that fateful day, I have not."
When hurricane Irene hit New Jersey last year, the entire state was affected, and local first responders crossed municipal lines to help out as best they could.
Success despite tough financial times
"It seems to me in the list of all the hyperbolic partisan talk in Washington about deficits, earmarks, and wasteful spending, critical support for our nation's greatest cannot get lost in the weeds," Menendez said. "Those who believe in dramatic cuts to local communities should come and pay a visit to these neighborhood firefighters when they are risking their lives and tell us what they do is not as important as tax breaks for the wealthiest among us."
Turner agreed. He said that NHRFR has received over $5 million for equipment, communications, and rescue vehicles that would normally be shouldered by the taxpayers over the past 10 years.
"Today's announcement will more than double that," Turner said. "This is very serious business in these tight economic times to receive so much money. Today is a very good day."
Doing more with less is something North Hudson has gotten used to, officials said.
"Over the last several years we've seen the state and local budget shrink," Menendez said. "These are difficult economic times. Everyone from family to federal government has to tighten their belts and make only investments that are critical to our future and to our security."
The $5.6 million marks one of the largest federal grants given out in the entire country, he added.
For more information on NHRFR, visit www.nhfirefighters.org.
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Womens New Balance Fresh Foam Roav Athletic Shoe - Yellow
Get ready to roam in style with the new Fresh Foam Roav Athletic Shoe from New Balance! A modern sneaker for a modern lifestyle, this amped up kick features signature New Balance Fresh Foam cushioning for comfort that won't quit and a snug design so it stays with you as you beat your personal record for your morning run.
Color: Yellow
Style ID: 401805
- Breathable mesh upper with stretch webbing across midfoot
- Bootie construction provides a snug fit
- Lace closure offers a secure fit
- Ultra Heel design made to hug the back of the foot for locked-in support and comfort
- Fresh Foam midsole cushioning ensures lasting comfort
- Rubber and NDurance outsole delivers flexible traction
New Balance began as a Boston-based arch support company in the early 1900's, developed into a specialized shoe manufacturer in the 1970's, and has grown to become a leading global athletic products company. Today New Balance is a family of brands including New Balance, Dunham, PF Flyers, Aravon, Warrior and Brine. Since the days of selling arch supports to police officers and waiters, New Balance has been a brand concerned with meeting the needs of the everyday athlete. Part of producing superior footwear and athletic apparel is manufacturing it to fit all widths and sizes, because a better fit produces better performance. To ensure the best fitting, best performing shoes and apparel, we focus on improving our technology and production methods. We have maintained five manufacturing facilities in New England where we continue to rely on the skills and teamwork of our American workforce to produce a percentage of our athletic footwear. We have also remained strongly committed to a core set of company values that include integrity, teamwork and total customer satisfaction.
Point the camera at your feet to see the shoes!
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Business Letter for
The Open Invoice
Business Letter for The Open Invoice
This letter should be typed in the official letter-head of the company.
The Company's Name
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
Postal Code : XXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
The Receiver's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Date :
Reference :
Dear _____________,
Several attempts have been made to reach a resolution for the open invoice on your account now totaling Rs.131 200. Due to the extreme delinquency of your account, we must have payment in full within ten days from the date of this letter.
If we do not receive payment, we will pursue any avenue available to secure our interest.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Business Letter for The Open Invoice
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