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It has never been easier to have a blast with low level PvP in Warcraft than it is right now. Gone are the days where getting a character ready for WSG meant hours of grinding, farming, and doing impossible things just to compete with the level 19 twinks.
Not only is it easier to prepare a character for the fast paced, high burst world of level 10 Warsong Gulch, you can do so without committing to a character. You can literally try out characters and reuse all their gear if you decide you don't like them. Not enjoying the Rogue's playstyle? Delete them. Finding the Warlock isn't your thing? Delete. Discover you should have been playing Priest all this time? Level them up, transfer their starter gear from a Mage. Worried about learning PvP at level 85? Give it a try at level 10, instead, and work on understanding how it all works – in a totally OP character.
Not every character has to be a digital representation of ourselves, a testament to our accomplishments in game. Sometimes we want a disposable hero, someone who can pwn faces for a while and then be deleted without regret when they aren't any fun anymore.
Two significant changes happened to make this possible.
- The battleground brackets were split in two, separating the level 10-14 players from the level 15-19s. This means the gear disparity is lower between the top and bottom of the bracket, while combat ratings actually favor the low end of the level range (you get more bang for your buck at level 10 than 14.)
- More heirloom items have become available, making it easier to outfit a character with almost every slot with a blue-quality item at level 10 – when no corresponding blue items actually exist.
The same heirloom gear sets you are getting to level your alts can be repurposed into gear for low level PvP. Combine those heirlooms with Hand-Me-Downs – white, non-binding items usable by level 1s and given the best enchants you can get – and you can build a character who provides a great escape from the drudgery of the endgame.
Let's look at how you do this.
You'll need:
- Appropriate heirlooms for your class. That means: chest, shoulders, weapon(s), trinkets (PvP + haste, Int for casters), cloak, helm. If you can't get heirlooms, hand-me-downs can be subbed in.
- Enchanted level 1 white gear for the following slots: wrists, gloves, boots.
- There aren't really any good pant enchants, so pick up a pair of crafted green pants at level 10.
- Useful rings are cheap and available at level 10 for casters and level 12 for everyone else. Optional.
- You can wear a white belt and necklace if you want to. Optional.
- 4 Traveler's Backpacks. They're the size of Netherweave bags, but they don't bind on pickup.
- A stack or three of Rumsey Rum Black Label, for +15 stamina. Drink up!
The pants and rings are the only pieces you can't reuse from this setup, but considering their low cost, they're easy enough to throw away.
You can learn professions if you want, especially if you think you might level this character eventually. Engineering can also give you helms if your guild isn't level 20 yet. But they're not needed. And if you have a surplus of cloth, you can level your First Aid to 225 and use Heavy Runecloth bandages. But again, that's optional.
You'll notice that this gear list really corresponds to how you'd outfit any alt of a given class, if you're starting off and want to breeze through the first 25 levels or so. And what's surprising is how little gear is really required!
Let's break down the gear into class/role type.
Cloth-wearing casters (Mages, Priests, Warlocks) should go for:
- Tattered Dreadmist Robes (+4 Stats or +100 Health)
- Tattered Dreadmist Mantle
- Dignified Headmaster's Charge (+22 Intellect or +29/30 Spellpower)
- Ancient Bloodmoon Cloak (+70 armor or +5 Resistance)
- Tattered Dreadmist Mask, Shadow Goggles
- Inherited PvP Insignia, Discerning Eye of the Beast, Swift Hand of Justice (pick two)
- Level 1 Bracers (+15 Spellpower)
- Level 1 Gloves (+16 Spellpower or +10 Haste)
- Dress shoes (Minor Speed)
- Simple Kilt
- Dread Pirate Ring if you're lucky, Braided Copper Ring & Woven Copper Ring if you're not
- Heavy Copper Ring at level 12
Nearly every other caster class can make use of these items, so you've pretty much covered every Intellect-based spec here. (Holy pallys are an exception for the staves.) Wand users can pick up a quest reward for additional stats (but don't use the wand, you don't need it.)
Agility classes (Rogue, Druid, Shaman, Hunter) should try:
- Stained Shadowcraft Tunic (+4 Stats, +100 Health)
- Stained Shadowcraft Spaulders
- Inherited Cape of the Black Baron (+8 Agility/+8 Dodge)
- Stained Shadowcraft Cap, Green Tinted Goggles
- Inherited Insignia of Getting Out Of Jail, Swift Hand of Justice
- Dual Wielders: Any two Agility 1H heirlooms (Venerable Dal'Rend's Sacred Charge, Venerable Mass of McGowan, Balanced Heartseeker, Sharpened Scarlet Kris) each with +15 Agility enchants. Crusader is another option for melee.
- Otherwise, Grand Staff of Jordan (+25 Agility)
- Charmed Ancient Bone Bow (+2 damage)
- Level 1 leather bracers (+9 Stamina)
- Level 1 leather gloves (+15 Agility)
- Level 1 leather boots (+7 Agility on one pair, Minor Speed on another)
- Embossed Leather Pants
- Heavy Copper Ring at level 12
You can, of course, get the corresponding mail heirlooms for Shaman and Hunter, but they're really not necessary. The additional armor is fine, but is hardly necessary. If you have them, great, use them! If you don't, shoot for the leather pieces first. They're more globally useful.
You have a lot of choices for weapons at this level, and while there are some pros and cons for each class and spec, you are really after the enchants, not the weapons themselves. If you can dual wield, do so and get +30 Agility (and +60 Attack Power) from the enchants. If you can't, the Grand Staff of Jordan is an excellent choice even if you gain no benefit from spellpower. It has Hit, high Stamina and Resilience to help with survivability in PvP, the white DPS is equivalent to other 2H heirloom weapons, and it's better than a 1H weapon with the +15 Agility enchant! If you can use spells, it's an additional bonus for when you have to pull off a clutch heal or nuke. It's more flexible than the Repurposed Lava Dredger; which can only be used by Druids and Shaman out of these classes, and lacks the versatility of the GSJ.
Yes. I'm telling you that the Grand Staff of Jordan is a hunter weapon.
Strength-based classes (Warriors, Paladins) should go for:
- Polished Breastplate of Valor (+4 Stats, +100 Health)
- Polished Spaulders of Valor
- Polished Helm of Valor, Green Tinted Goggles
- Worn Stoneskin Gargoyle Cape (+8 Agility/+8 Dodge)
- Arms/Ret: Bloodied Arcanite Reaper or Reforged Truesilver Champion (Crusader)
- Prot/Prot: Any 1H non-dagger heirloom (Crusader), level 1 shield (Felsteel Shield Spike or +7 Stamina)
- Fury: Any 2 1H non-dagger heirlooms (1 with Crusader, 1 with +15 Strength)
- Level 1 mail bracers (+9 Strength / +9 Stamina)
- Level 1 mail gloves (+7 Strength / +10 Haste)
- Level 1 mail boots (+7 Stamina on one pair, Minor Speed on another)
- Runed Copper Pants
- Heavy Copper Ring at level 12
Holy pallys are odd ducks. You can do all sorts of crazy things with their weapons, like taking a Repurposed Lava Dredger (which has Haste) and adding an Iron Counterweight (which has an insane +20 Haste) and grab the Haste glove enchants (+10 Haste) to make really fast Holy Light casts. Or you could rock the Reforged Truesilver Champion with either a caster enchant or Crusader. But overall, you'll find that the Devout Aurastone Hammer with any of the caster enchants (+22 Intellect, +29/+30 Spellpower) will see a lot of use if you play healers. Priests, Druids, Shamans, and Paladins can all use this mace, and while Shammys and Pallys will find it more useful at low levels (it can be paired with a level 1 enchanted shield), Priests and Druids will get by, even with their limited offhand selections at low levels.
You can approach disposable heroes in two ways:
- I'm going to keep them level 10 as long as I can, if they level, meh
- I'll level as I go, and reroll when I hit 15
Either way works.
The first way is pretty easy to accomplish – XP is only gained in WSG when your team captures a flag. So don't be there when this happens. Make a macro with a single line:
and keep tabs on your FC at all times. AFK out before the flag caps, wait 15 minutes (go do dailies or something), and return to let off some more steam later.
This method lets you stay with someone for a long, long time. I got over 1000 HKs on my level 10 mage without really trying, just by AFKing out.
But – to be quite honest – afking out can be kinda boring.
I mean, you never get to win, to really dominate the battleground, to make it so that the other team just hates you. They hate you for about 3 minutes and then you're gone. And that's not that fun.
So the other option is just to level up normally through BG experience, and when you hit 15 (or 19, or 25, or whatever), just delete the character and reroll.
You heard me. Delete the toon and start over again at level 10. I wager you can get to level 10 in 45 minutes or less, just by killing everything in sight with your uber gear. Very little of it is soulbound – not even the bags! – so just delete and start over. Try a different race, a different class. Or do the exact same one if you were having fun.
These are disposable heroes, after all!
No commitment, casual PvP where you get to pwn face and blow off steam. If you don't know how to PvP, this is a great way to start.
Plus – you'll learn to love Warsong Gulch. No, really!
Give it a try.


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Yreka Miners Girls varsity basketball: Yreka falls to Fall River 40-35 at tourney
The Yreka Miners girls varsity basketball team fell 40-35 to the Fall River Lady Bulldogs at the Mount Shasta Holiday Basketball Tournament on Thursday.
Yreka fell to 1-4 for the season.
The Bulldogs led 13-9 after one quarter of play. The Miners struggled making shots and despite tying things up at 17-17 midway through the second quarter, Yreka trailed 23-17 at the half.
In the third quarter, the Bulldogs extended its lead to 33-23, with Yreka able to only score six points for the quarter. In the final quarter of play, Yreka was down 38-28 at one point before cutting the lead to 39-35 with 2:30 remaining. But the Miners were unable to score the rest of the way as Fall River came away with the five point win.
A bright spot for the Miners was the play of junior Justine Cota, who finished with 15 points. Head coach Ken Dysert commended her for the way "she ran the floor well."
The Miners were without leading scorer Dakota Cash, who is out an estimated three weeks with an injury.
Cash was on the bench cheering her team on. She said after the game that while it is certainly hard not to be able to be on the floor helping her team, she said she is working on getting back to playing basketball.
Today, the Miners face Central Valley, which lost to Weed 46-38 on Thursday at 10:30 a.m. The Miners will either play in the 7th place game at 8 a.m. on Saturday, or in the consolation game at 9:30 a.m. on Saturday.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hell Yeah—Championing indie designers since 2018.
We believe that cards shouldn't end up in the bin the day after your birthday, cushions aren't just for boring back support, and a good tote bag doesn't need to be resigned to the bottom of the boot solely to save 5p.
Think the same? You've come to the right place. We want to help you find the creme de la creme of indie design.
We're passionate about independent designers—they're innovative, quirky trend-setters with an eye for great products—and have made it our mission to seek out the best small businesses about.
Meet our founder, Zoe.
I LOVE stationery, especially cards. In fact, you could say I'm a little obsessed. It was while working at a lovely home and giftware shop in Glasgow that I realised there were hardly any cards that showed my personality. So many cards used the same stock phrases, and although they looked fantastic, I couldn't help but want a little more pizzaz.
I wanted my friends to enjoy the cards I gave and not just forget them on the mantlepiece. The idea for the first range of Zoe Brennan cards was born. Since 2012 Zoe Brennan Cards has grown and flourished but now it's time for a new adventure!
Hell Yeah was born from the desire to create a platform showcasing indie design. We specialise in stationery but also have an innovative range of homewares and accessories. My obsession with stationery and indie design has continually grown over the years and I'm proud to be able to share with you my 'indie finds'—here's to good design!


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A new Barbie doll that comes with a built-in camera could be used by predators to create child porn, the Federal Bureau of Investigation has warned. The Barbie Video Girl has been available in stores since July, but the FBI sent out a "Cyber Crime Alert" (PDF) about the doll to its Sacramento Field Office last week, and it was leaked to the public on Monday.
The doll's press materials claim that "unsuspecting subjects won't know that Barbie is watching their every move." Indeed, the camera is apparently disguised as a necklace around Barbie's neck. Her legs store the batteries and there's a tiny LCD on the back along with the controls. Videos can be transferred via mini-USB cable (don't tell me where you plug that in) and they don't require any proprietary software to view or edit. Aside from the fact that it's hidden inside a doll, the whole setup looks very Flip-like.
The document itself is unclassified, so the media leak was probably inevitable. Since Monday morning, concerned adults have told several news outlets that they are avoiding the toy, and (of course) there's now a Facebook group calling for a boycott.
Mattel, needless to say, is in emergency mode in response to the sudden outrage. "The FBI is not reporting that anything has happened," Mattel told Reuters in a statement. "Steve Dupre from the FBI Sacramento field office has confirmed there have been no incidents of this doll being used as anything other than its intent."
The FBI agreed, issuing its own statement saying that the alert was merely to draw law enforcement's attention to the doll "like any other video-capable equipment."


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One of Intel's goals with Haswell, the CPU architecture that is slated to replace the current Ivy Bridge processors next year, is to get the CPUs into more tablets. Ivy Bridge processors will appear in some Windows 8 tablets (like Acer's Iconia W700) this year, but tablets running Haswell chips should be thinner and lighter and, most importantly, get better battery life. AnandTech's analysis of the new architecture sheds some light on just how Intel plans to get its high-end tablets to use less power.
Many of the methods being used to lower Haswell's power consumption are pretty conventional, and we touched on them a bit in our overview of the architecture: more power gating means that the CPU can turn off more parts of itself if they're not being used, and the Haswell platform can also transition between these different power states more quickly than could Ivy Bridge. The new S0ix system power states will also lower power consumption—these "active idle" states will allow the tablets to consume less power during light use like Web browsing or checking e-mail, and they'll also enable the tablets to come out of sleep mode more quickly.
The most interesting part of the AnandTech piece isn't about how Intel will be reducing power usage in its own chips, but in how it will exert its reach over third-parties to lower power consumption of other non-Intel system components like voltage regulators and motherboard microcontrollers—Intel wants to recommend not just specific components, but also things like component firmware versions, all in the name of saving power.
Intel even wants to dictate the components in displays—it wants manufacturers to begin putting small amounts of RAM into their display panels to make them capable of storing static images. That way, if a user is reading a document or webpage but not interacting with anything on the screen, the computer could display a static image of the screen rather than continuously refreshing it for no reason.
None of the Haswell platform's power management tweaks amount to huge savings by themselves, but taken together they potentially add up to much improved battery life—if not comparable to ARM, then at least within spitting distance. The downside is that, to achieve the best results, Intel goes beyond the processor itself and begins dictating which components third-party manufacturers should and shouldn't use. This may maximize battery life, but if Intel succeeds in making serious inroads against ARM in the next few years, it puts a worrisome amount of control to put in the hands of a single company.


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My favorite Republican politicians are guys like Glenn Gruenhagen
Pat Cunningham
Most of us rabid political partisans, whether lefties or righties, take special pleasure in citing what we see as the excessive rhetoric of certain people on the other side of the spectrum.
And so it is with me when right-wingers like Republican State Rep. Glenn Gruenhagen (above) of Minnesota spout their particular brand of nonsense.
Gruenhagen has been in office for little more than two years, but already he's made quite a reputation for himself.
For example, he held a news conference a couple of months ago to denounce legislation that would legalize same-sex marriage. Homosexuality, he said, is a ...


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My legs are hurting, my lungs are burning and I'm covered in grime while trying to scale a dirt hill turned into a mud pile by a rushing torrent of water from a fire hose. It's the World Famous Camp Pendleton Mud Run and I'm having a blast while participating in one of the most popular trends to hit recreational athletics in a long time (one which I'll be running again this Sunday).
Traditional running races, such as a 5Ks, 10Ks or 26.2-mile marathons are still popular, but the proliferation of mud runs and obstacle racing events demonstrate a great demand for fitness enthusiasts who are eager for new ways to challenge themselves. And it creates an exciting business opportunity for personal trainers to help clients prepare and train for these demanding events.
What is a mud run?
"Mud run" is a generic term for a popular form of running races that have experienced exponential growth over the past few years. A typical mud run can be from 5K to 10+ miles in length, and besides the obligatory mud pits created by overzealous members of the local fire department, these events may require racers to navigate various obstacles such as tunnels, walls or even the occasional fire pit. There are certain races specifically designed to include a variety of obstacles that racers must navigate while dealing with challenging terrain. Events with names such as Warrior Dash, Spartan Race and Tough Mudder are examples of races that are being held in various locations around the world and have exploded in popularity. Fans of horror films can even sign up for a race that includes having to dodge zombies while running an obstacle course.
Expanding your offerings
If you are looking for new ways to market your training studio or boot camp program you may want to consider offering a conditioning program to help participants train for an upcoming mud run or obstacle course race in your area. Registration for mud runs includes both individual and group options, making them a perfect opportunity to design a small-group training program for your clients or gym members.
If you want to use an upcoming event as an opportunity to promote your studio or small-group training program, start by searching events in your area. Make sure that you pick one that is an appropriate skill level for your participants as it's a good idea to have a goal that will be challenging. Keep in mind though that some mud run-style events feature obstacles that are difficult and could cause extreme injury if done improperly (although events don't require participants to do the obstacles and offer ways around them, it can be easy for a participant to get caught up in the moment and try something above his or her skill level).
Training for a mud run involves more than just running, as many obstacles require participants to have the strength to lift their own body weight, the dexterity to climb over walls and the flexibility to low-crawl through tunnels or under barbed wire (seriously). Most races will list the majority of the obstacles online, leaving room for a few surprises on race day. Review the race course then design a workout program to prepare participants for the demands of the competition. Most event web sites list training tips for how to prepare for the race, however if you want to brush up on ideas to create a progressively challenging conditioning program then it might be helpful to check out the ACE Sports Conditioning workshop to learn how to design energy-system specific exercise programs.
The upcoming summer months are the perfect time to run an outdoor small-group training program. Take advantage of the popularity of obstacle course races and use them as a way to enhance the visibility of your fitness business. Identify an event that's three-to-four months off, and develop a training program to prepare for the race. From personal experience, one reason why these events are so popular is that playing in the mud helps you to re-live the carefree feelings of childhood, no matter how mature you have become.


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- This Aloor chest drawer Simple Stylish Design, Functional & Suitable for Any Room | Offers Surface Storage, Chest of Drawers For Living Room Package Content:1 Wooden Cabinet . Give Your Home A Luxurious Look With sheesham wood Wardrobe | Fits in your space, fits on your budget. Made of high quality solid wood and crafted in ethnic designs.
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By Shurti , Verified Buyer Feb 2022
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Obama takes humorous jabs at health care stumble
WASHINGTON — Little was sacred when President Barack Obama tossed out playful but pointed jokes Saturday night — not even his own health care plan.
"We rolled out healthcare.gov. That could have gone better," Obama said in remarks at the annual White House Correspondents' Association dinner. "In 2008 my slogan was 'Yes we can.' In 2013 my slogan was 'Control-alt-delete.'"
One the plus side, the president said, "they did turn the launch of healthcare.gov into one of the year's biggest movies." On a screen flashed the poster for "Frozen."
When a video Obama introduced failed to play properly, he asked, "Does anybody know how to fix this?" To laughter, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius stepped up and said: "I got this. I see it all the time." In the wake of the problems with the website, Sebelius has announced she is stepping down.
The annual dinner has become a tradition in the nation's capital, promising a black-tie evening of humor and celebrity gazing. The event once again attracted an array of journalists, government officials, politicians and media personalities as the association raised money for college scholarships. The featured entertainer was comic actor Joel McHale, the star of the NBC series "Community."
In his own stand-up routine, Obama didn't waste any time turning his barbed jokes toward the news media.
"MSNBC is here," he said. "They're a little overwhelmed. They've never seen an audience this big before."
Noting that he had traveled to Asia recently, Obama said: "The lengths we have to go to to get CNN coverage these days. I think they're still searching for their table."
The president saved his sharpest jabs for another cable news network. "The Koch brothers bought a table here tonight, but as usual they used a shadowy right-wing organization as a front. Hello, Fox News!"
He added: "Let's face it, Fox. You'll miss me when I'm gone. It will be harder to convince the American people that Hillary was born in Kenya."
Republicans didn't escape untouched. "Washington seems more dysfunctional than ever," Obama said. "Gridlock has gotten so bad in this town you have to wonder: What'd we do to piss off Chris Christie so bad?"
The correspondents' association, which represents the White House press corps, celebrated its 100th anniversary.
Journalists were honored for their coverage of the presidency and national issues:
—Glenn Thrush of Politico and Brianna Keilar of CNN won the Aldo Beckman Award, which recognizes excellence in the coverage of the presidency.
—Peter Baker of The New York Times and Peter Maer of CBS News won the Merriman Smith Award for deadline coverage.
—Megan Twohey of Reuters and a partnership between The Center for Public Integrity's Chris Hamby and ABC News' Matthew Mosk and Brian Ross won the Edgar A. Poe Award for coverage of issues of national significance.
—George E. Condon Jr. of National Journal received the first President's Award for exceptional service to the organization.
The organization also honored the late Harry McAlpin, the first black reporter to attend a presidential news conference, by establishing a scholarship in his name. McAlpin had been denied membership to the WHCA while covering the Roosevelt and Truman administrations because of his race.


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Dehumidifier Metering Study
The verdict is in: Homeowners across the country do use dehumidifiers, and a good amount of collective energy, to keep their homes dry.
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Residential stand-alone dehumidifiers can draw a significant amount of power when in operation (power draws of 300–700 watts are common). However, little is known about the total seasonal energy use of dehumidifiers. Many factors can affect this total. Dehumidifier capacity, characteristics of the ambient space, and the homeowner's selection of set points are just some of the variables that determine how much energy a dehumidifier will ultimately consume. Wisconsin's Focus on Energy recently commissioned a metering study to figure out just how much energy typical Wisconsin households use to dehumidify their homes.
To learn more about Focus on Energy, go to www.focusonenergy.com.
The Energy Center of Wisconsin monitored dehumidifier use in 40 Wisconsin homes on behalf of Focus on Energy during a four-month period in the summer and fall of 2009 (see "Focus on Energy"). The sample of homes we monitored varied in age; it consisted of 20 newer (built since 2000) Wisconsin Energy Star Homes (WESH) and 20 randomly selected homes. The randomly selected homes were located in one of three Wisconsin metropolitan areas (Milwaukee, Madison, and Eau Claire). The 20 WESH homes were located in Wisconsin's Fox River Valley, in the east-central region of the state.
To add information about occupant use to our metered data, we randomly selected 43 WESH homes and surveyed their owners concerning their use of stand-alone dehumidifiers. We compared these survey results against 1,329 responses concerning dehumidifier use that were taken from our most recent Midwest Energy Survey (MES). (See "About the Midwest Energy Survey.")
About the Midwest Energy Survey
The Midwest Energy Survey is a tracking study initiated by the Energy Center of Wisconsin in 2007 to measure public attitudes, awareness, and practices on energy efficiency and climate change. The study is entitled Climate Change and Energy: Tracking Public Opinions and Responses, and it is available from the Energy Center of Wisconsin.
In this independent research conducted in nine midwestern states in 2007, and expanded to the United States as a whole in 2008, the Energy Center links public concern about energy efficiency and climate change with opportunities for improving the design of utility and other energy efficiency programs and with increasing energy savings. Analysis of the results reveals
- gaps between efficiency opportunities, perceptions, and practices, highlighting the need for better energy education;
- a snapshot of policy approaches to addressing carbon pollution that are most likely to win public support;
- a trend showing how public concerns about climate, the environment, and energy efficiency fare over time relative to other public concerns; and
- how much reliance customers place on their utility company for help with saving energy.
For more information on the Midwest Energy Survey, including a free webcast on results of the most recent survey, visit www.ecw.org/mwenergysurvey. This webcast was produced by the Energy Center of Wisconsin and presented by Ingo Bensch, a senior project manager at the Energy Center of Wisconsin.
Metering Results
We metered several conditions in the 40 monitored homes. We used "Watts-up" watt-hour meters to collect watt-hours and wattage (minimum, maximum, and average values) in five- to ten-minute increments over four months. We used Onset Computer's Hobo U10 data loggers to monitor relative humidity (RH) and ambient temperature in the main floor and in the basement of each home. The basement RH measurement loggers were placed near the ceiling in the same room as, but not immediately adjacent to, the dehumidifiers. We used local hourly weather station data to estimate local outdoor temperature and RH.
For our study, we divided the monitoring period into two separate seasons. The summer season included data collected during July and August. The fall season included data collected during September and October. We found that on average, the dehumidifiers we metered used more energy during the summer (6.5 kWh per day) than they used during the fall (4.8 kWh per day). The range in average dehumidifier energy use across all homes was significant; it ranged from a low value of 0 kWh per day to a high value of 17 kWh per day. During the summer, we found that the 20 newer WESH homes used an average of 1.6 kWh per day more than the non-WESH homes. We speculate that this difference in energy use is at least partially related to differences in the size of the houses; the median WESH home in our sample was 25% larger above grade and 93% larger below grade than the median non-WESH home.
We applied linear regression techniques to daily data from each site to estimate the effect that indoor basement humidity and outdoor humidity had on dehumidifier energy use. We found that high indoor basement humidity was linked to low dehumidifier energy use and that high outdoor humidity was linked to high dehumidifier energy use. We found these relationships to be effective predictors of dehumidifier energy use in general. However, the predictive ability of this model was highly variable across sites and proved to be a good fit only for dehumidifiers that were able to maintain reasonable control over basement humidity levels. For those cases where dehumidifiers did not effectively control humidity, we switched our model around and used dehumidifier energy use as a predictor of basement humidity ratios.
Clearly a relationship exists between the amount of energy used for dehumidification and basement humidity levels. Homes that maintained lower daily humidity levels in the basement used more energy for dehumidification than homes that maintained higher daily humidity levels in the basement. During summer months, nearly half of the basements we monitored maintained a daily average RH of less than 50%. These homes used an average of 4.2 kWh per day more than the homes where the basement maintained a daily average RH exceeding 50%.
Figure 1 illustrates the general relationship between basement RH levels and average daily dehumidification energy use. Data for the 40 sites are arranged from left to right in order of increasing average energy use per day. The bars in the top panel (representing the 25th and 75th percentiles of daily average basement RH levels) show the variability in humidity control across all 40 sites. We found that basement humidity levels were relatively well controlled at some of the sites we metered (RH levels fluctuated only 1–2%), while at other sites we metered, basement humidity levels were controlled very little, if at all (RH levels fluctuated 10–20 %).
Dehumidifier Duty Cycles
Dehumidifier duty cycles varied greatly across sites. We divided duty cycles into three modes of operation: Off, Fan-Only, and Run. Off mode consists of periods when neither the compressor nor the circulation fan is operating. Fan-Only consists of periods when the circulation fan is operating, but the compressor is not. Run mode consists of periods when both the compressor and fan are operating. Dehumidifiers in our sample drew 40–120 watts, for an average of 75 watts, when in Fan-Only mode. They drew 300–700 watts, for an average of 500 watts when in Run mode. Figure 2 shows the average summer and fall duty cycles for the 40 dehumidifiers in our sample. Note that although the average dehumidifier ran 56% of the time during summer months, we found that individual duty cycles varied greatly. Some of the units we metered were in Run mode as little as 15% of the time, while other units ran virtually nonstop.
Survey Responses on Dehumidifier Use
The most recent MES survey showed that almost 65% of Wisconsin homes have a stand-alone dehumidifier. A comparison of our survey results and the MES survey indicated that more dehumidifiers were installed in WESH homes (75%) than in non-WESH homes of a similar age (46%). The frequency and duration of reported dehumidifier use was consistent across surveys; about 60% of respondents reported using their dehumidifiers during the entire summer or more.
In the latest MES, we found that nearly half of the dehumidifiers used in newer homes in Wisconsin were connected directly to a drain (rather than draining into a manually emptied drain pan). Dehumidifiers using drain pans are susceptible to periods of inoperation when occupants fail to empty the pans regularly. We found that the percentage of dehumidifiers connected directly to a drain was significantly higher in WESH homes (80%) than in non-WESH homes (45%). Homes in our metered sample where the dehumidifier was connected directly to a drain used slightly more energy than those where the dehumidifier was drained manually; however, the difference was not statistically significant.
A principal goal of our field study was to estimate average annualized energy use for dehumidifiers in Wisconsin. We used survey responses and the metered usage data from the 20 randomly selected homes to estimate that, on average, dehumidifiers in Wisconsin consume 477 kWh per year. This estimate is subject to the variation in use that we observed across the sites in our field study. The values used to arrive at this estimate are shown in Table 1. In generating this estimate, we assume that the average Wisconsin household uses its dehumidifier during a 90-day summer and a 60-day nonsummer period, in a manner that is consistent with use in the 20 randomly selected homes that we monitored.
Maximize Dehumidification, Minimize Energy Use
In summary, our study suggests that households in Wisconsin use a significant amount of energy to dehumidify their homes. In addition, the degree to which dehumidifiers are used over the course of a year can vary dramatically, with some units remaining idle most of the year and other units running virtually nonstop. Households in the upper quartile of use could easily consume more than 1,000 kWh per year to dehumidify their homes. We found that all homes in the upper quartile maintained daily basement RH levels of less than 50%, and several of these homes maintained RH levels of less than 40%. Helping households to determine the dehumidifier settings that minimize energy use but maintain adequate levels of dehumidification may give Focus on Energy an opportunity to promote home energy conservation.
For more information:
The complete study described in this article, Dehumidification and Subslab Ventilation in Wisconsin Homes, is available through the Energy Center of Wisconsin at www.ecw.org/dehumidifier.
To learn more about the Energy Center of Wisconsin, go to www.ecw.org.
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I turned the doorknob and fell into our foyer as Brad pulled the front door open with a flourish.
"I SAW AN ELF!" His hands gestured emphatically with each word. Three year old David jumped up and down by his side yelling, "SANTA! SANTA! SANTA!"
Just that day there had been a heated discussion at the third grade coat rack about Santa's capabilities, with some friends even whispering that *he might not even exist*. I greeted my five year old brother's pronouncement with a little skepticism and a tiny sliver of hope. Just then Richard came in from the bus stop and, upon hearing of the elf, demanded more information–which the preschooler gladly provided.
"The doorbell rang at the BACK door, and Mommy said 'Who can that be? You need to go answer!' and I did! There was AN ELF with a red suit and a BIG hat running into the woods! And then I saw the paper in the door! And I opened it and Mommy read it!"
Dashing into the kitchen he grabbed a piece of paper from the table. Though Richard was a competent second grade reader, it was to me, the wise elder one, that the brothers now turned to read aloud Santa's secret:
It certainly seemed authentic; the scratchy scrawl was Santa's writing. Just last year I had criticized his penmanship only to be reprimanded for not understanding just what all those sub-zero sleigh rides could do to a person's hands. So I felt reasonably certain that this note was actually written by the same arthritic hands that had annually tagged our Christmas gifts all my life.
As my mouth stopped reading other mouths started voicing the questions we all shared: Just what gift would be undeliverable by chimney? Was it too big? Was it alive? Was it magical? Must it be kept clean and free of soot? Daily speculations led to a long list of possibilities: a pony, a puppy, a baby sister, a monkey, a Martian, a magic car. No dream was too wild, no hope too irrational to be placed on our list. WHAT WAS SANTA'S SECRET?????
By Christmas Eve our yellow green house could barely contain the excitement. I am certain our parents groaned at the prospect of dealing with our uncontrollable glee all day. After breakfast we set out to play; "OUTSIDE," said our mother. Our lunchtime requests to get started for the airport were met with the logical reminder that it wasn't that far away. We would not depart until after dark. And then we bundled up to play outside once more.
The long shadows of the sinking sun chased us indoors. A toddler's voice plaintively cried, "It's dark. It's dark. Let's go to Santa!"
"Not until you have set the table."
"Not until you have eaten your supper."
"Not until the dishes are washed."
"Let's get coats on!"
Four sets of excited hands zipped up car coats and pulled on hats or coat hoods, then out of the house there arose such a clatter! We jostled into our traditional places in the back bench seat of the car–I got the driver's side window, Richard got the other window, and Brad and David squeezed in between us. No seat belts existed to constrain our joyous wiggles. The windows grew steamy as Daddy inspected the tires' chains then threw up the garage door. Finally the car was full and the garage was empty! David stood up on the "hump" that housed the Ford's drive shaft, clutching the front seat with his tiny hands and singing, "Santa, Santa, Santa!" The soft ching ching ching ching of chains on snowy roads accompanied our caroling as our white sleigh took us closer and closer to our appointment.
Up on the housetop reindeer pause
Out jumps good ol' Santa Claus
Down through the chimney with lots of toys
"But he can't get this down the chimney!!!! Will we be there in time? Will he wait?"
Joy to the world, the Lord has come.
Let Earth receive her King!
We sang every carol we had ever learned at home or at school or at church. Ching, ching, ching, ching. At last up ahead, little lights could be seen. Not the lights from decorated trees or family-filled homes, THE lights. Airport lights. We all sighed deeply as our father parked the car, and our mother opened the doors to release us. Like a swooping flock of Canada geese the family entered the airport's single, cavernous room.
The clock read 8:05.
I felt a twinge of panic. My brothers and I surveyed the room. No Santa inside.
We ran to press our noses up against the glass at the far end, and looked out on an unobstructed view of an empty tarmac. No sleigh. No elves. No reindeer.
No Santa.
Our disappointment silenced our din. My mother and father caught up with us. Silently we turned away from the wall of glass, dejected, crushed. They herded us to the counter, where a man stood ready to hear our family's monologue: "You see, I saw an elf!" "And he left this letter from Santa!" "And it said to meet him here at 8:00 on Christmas Eve, and we are only five minutes late!"
With a twinkly smile the gentleman put his finger to his nose. "Just a moment," he said before he walked away. We were left to squirm, wiggle, tug on parents' hands, wonder, moan, and squirm some more. Shortly he returned carrying a box.
"A crate of oranges? Santa asked us here to pick up oranges?" I wondered.
But as the man approached we all realized that this was no ordinary box. It was closed on all sides, save one, and on that one open side there was a grate.
"Santa told me to make sure the Strickland children got this," and he set the crate at our feet.
All at once, very gently and carefully, we knelt down to peer inside. Two chocolaty eyes stared back. A dark, damp, cold bit of nose sniffed our curious faces and then a little pink tongue darted out to wish us a Merry Christmas. Eagerly we welcomed our sandy-colored, Cairn terrier puppy, Sir Nicholas of Nottingham–a wild, irrational dream come true!
Santa's real secret that year was more than a gift, it was a way of seeing the giving. I learned that Santa isn't up there making a list and checking it twice. Santa is inside anyone who believes, teaching us each year to stop and listen. What dreams do you hear? How can you nurture that wild, irrational hope? What possibility are you birthing this season? Let me know. I am in the mood to listen….. Ho! Ho! Santa


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Indexes And Small Tables Part V (It's No Game) May 13, 2009Posted by Richard Foote in Index Internals, Oracle Indexes, Small Indexes, Unique Indexes.
So far in our little example, we've looked at how accessing a row of a one block table via a FTS required 4 consistent gets while accessing this same table via a Non-unique index reduced the consistent gets down to 3.
Time to take the next step and improve the efficiency yet further of accessing this small one block table.
We're now going to replace the Non-unique index with a Unique Index instead. We can obviously do this because the values on the indexed ID column are indeed unique.
Now it's always a good idea of course to document these table business rules (such as a column being unique) inside the database, however it's somewhat alarming just how many application just don't this. I've also previously discussed how a PK or Unique constraint can actually be policed via a Non-Unique index so there are many reasons why a small table might not have an associated Unique index.
Not least of course the incorrect perception that an index is not going to be much use on a small table anyways …
So let's now replace the Non-Unique index with a Unique index instead:
SQL> drop index small_id_i;
Index dropped.
SQL> alter table small add primary key (id) using index (create unique index small_id_i on small(id));
Table altered.
OK, so now we have our Unique index in place. Let's now run the same query again to see how our consistent gets related statistics might change:
SQL> select * from small where id = 42;
ID NAME ---------- ----- 42 BOWIE -------------------------------------------- |Id |Operation |Name | -------------------------------------------- | 1|TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID|SMALL | |* 2| INDEX UNIQUE SCAN |SMALL_ID_I| -------------------------------------------- Statistics -------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 2 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 465 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 396 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 1 rows processed
We notice our first significant change. The number of consistent gets has reduced further down to just 2.
Why ?
Because with a Unique index, there can only be a maximum of 1 row returned. It's simply not possible to return 2 or more rows.
Therefore, when selecting this one row, Oracle doesn't have to perform the second fetch operation to confirm there are indeed no more rows to return. The first fetch will either return the one row of interest or none at all when resolving an equality predicate. That's it, there are no other possibilities. We return the row of interest by simply accessing the index block (1 consistent get) followed by the table block (the second consistent get).
As we have previously, if we look at the actual consistent gets statistics of interest by running the following query in another session before/after the select statement:
SQL> SELECT n.name, s.value FROM v$sesstat s, v$statname n WHERE s.statistic# =n.statistic# AND s.sid = 141 AND n.name LIKE 'consistent%';
NAME VALUE ------------------------------ ----- consistent gets 31236 consistent gets - examination 5084
And again afterwards ..
SQL> SELECT n.name, s.value FROM v$sesstat s, v$statname n WHERE s.statistic# =n.statistic# AND s.sid = 141 AND n.name LIKE 'consistent%';
NAME VALUE ------------------------------ ----- consistent gets 31238 (+2) consistent gets - examination 5086 (+2)
We notice we have indeed only performed the 2 consistent gets. But we also notice another significant difference, that being both consistent gets are now the "cheaper" consistent gets – examination.
This means that the latches required to now perform this select statement via the Unique index is just 2, down from 6 for the Non-unique index and 8 from the FTS.
Generally during a consistent get, Oracle needs to grab the cache buffers chain latch so it can pin the specific block in memory and then grab the latch again so that it can subsequently unpin the block once it's finished processing the block. Each of these accesses to the latch and the subsequently pin/unpinning of the block requires CPU and is a possible source of contention within the database.
For some operations that only require a very very quick "read and get out of there" type operation and/or on blocks that are unlikely to change within a given point of time, Oracle uses a cheaper consistent get operation which doesn't actually require the block to be pinned. There's no point in pinning the block as it's only going to be read and accessed for a short time (shorter than might otherwise be required when processing a block in memory) and the block is unlikely to change anyways.
So for these operations, Oracle uses a cheaper consistent get called a consistent gets – examination. These consistent gets examinations only need grab the cache buffers chain latch before quickly reading the block and releasing the latch once the read operation is complete. Therefore it only needs to grab and release the cache buffer chains latch the once without having to pin/unpin the block, which means less CPU and less latch contention overall.
Now this isn't particularly well documented. Often discussions mention reads of undo blocks as being candidates for consistent gets examinations as these reads are likely to be both relatively quick and a specific undo block is unlikely to change as only one transaction can actually update an undo block at a given time.
Getting back to indexes, reads of index root blocks are another candidate mentioned as again a read of an index root block is going to be very quick and an index root block is unlikely to change at a given point of time.
However, what is not well documented at all is the fact that any block accessed during an index Unique Scan is accessed via a consistent get – examination, including the consistent get associated with reading the table block as well. This is because again, any such read operation is going to be relatively quick as the most that ever needs to be read is the one index related entry and the one table row.
The net result is that now accessing a row from a small table via a Unique index requires only 2 latch accesses vs. the initial FTS example which required 8 latch gets as none of the FTS consistent gets are examinations.
Now you might say that these are all very small numbers, that 4 consistent reads isn't that much, that 8 latches isn't really that huge a number and reducing 8 latches down to 2 latches isn't really going to be that noticeable. Yes it is effectively a 75% reduction but it's a 75% reduction of not very much.
And if you're discussing a single read of a single small lookup table you would likely be right.
But what if the small table is accessed frequently by the application, perhaps many 1,000s of times per minute. What if you have many such small tables, often used in small join operations by your OLTP applications. What if you have large numbers of users in a large application with many many such small table accesses. This effectively 75% saving can potentially become very significant, both in terms of the reduction in CPU load and also in the reduction of latch contention, which in turn can further reduce CPU loads.
A small improvement multiplied by a large amount can indeed make a difference …
However, I have one more step to go yet in further improving the efficiency of these small table lookups via an index.
One which can reduce the overall overheads by yet another 50% …
- 1. Tony - May 14, 2009
My guess is that if we make the small table an IOT then we get down to 1 consistent get. At the risk of being a spoiler (or worse, wrong), I offer
>create table small_iot
(id number, name varchar2(5),
constraint pk_small_iot primary key (id))
organization index;
>insert into small_iot select rownum, 'BOWIE' from dual connect by level commit;
> select * from small_iot where id=42;
———- —–
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
Execution Plan
Plan hash value: 3422646832
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
1 – access("ID"=42)
1 recursive calls
0 db block gets
1 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
465 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
381 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
Which makes sense since we only have to access one structure and not two (index/table).
- 2. Brian Tkatch - May 14, 2009
Richard, i'm really enjoying this series. The tiny little details each make sense, though i may not be able to repeat it too well.
At the end, how about some real world example with actual timings, if that is feasible.
- 3. PdV - May 14, 2009
Excellent stuff, and yes, sometimes that last block-get does make a difference. And I do have at least two suspicions on how the next saving could be achieved…
Just a a few thoughts though:
1) Should "small" in the context of this topic always mean that the index fits in 1 block ? I recall the nr of hops in an index depends on the blevel. That seems like something to monitor now.
2) As you mentioned the "overloaded" index again: are higher versions of oracle capable of defining an overloaded-pk index as "unique" ? I used this a few times, and I recall I couldnt define the fattened index as "unique" anymore: Oracle would refuse to use it for key-enforcement of a PK/UK constraint on fewer fields then the total index.
- 4. Log Buffer #146: a Carnival of the Vanities for DBAs | Pythian Group Blog - May 16, 2009
[…] Foote still has left Doug and Kevin in the dust, having got to Part V of his Indexes And Small Tables […]
- 5. PdV - May 18, 2009
Thx for that Richard.
re-1) Understood.
re-2) I should have defined overloaded when I carelessly used it in my reply. What I meant was an index used for constraint-policing but with extra fields on top of the constrained-fields.
You are correct in that "Overloaded" seems more often used to describe an index that is inflated beyond the where-clause-need, supposedly to ensure that the whole stmnt is satisfied from the index (a three star index?).
And before anyone pops the remark: overloading will have its downside in DML-effort and in redo-volume. YMMV, but storing less data is _generally_ better.
Splitting hairs here (as opposed to splitting blocks):
Is there some textbook or some general consensus on how to describe an inflated index for (PK/UK) constraint-policing of a smaller key? (fattened, overloaded, inflated… think of policing: CC for Constraint-Cop?).
And to distiguish from an inflated-index that ensures some (often used) query gets an index-only plan.
The term "three star index" seems to only apply to the combination of index and query…? Mind you, I dont have my "Tapio" quite fresh in mind, nor do I have it on my desk here.
Anyway, after splitting that hair:
I'm still curious what your left field will be (is that to my right as you are an antipodean?)
- 6. Indexes And Small Tables Part VI (Loaded) « Richard Foote's Oracle Blog - May 19, 2009
[…] Richard Foote in Constraints, Oracle Indexes, Small Indexes, Unique Indexes. trackback Thanks to comments by PdV, I need yet another Part before I can look at completing this […]
- 7. Caglar - January 13, 2014
Hi Richard,
I am very wondering that although the statistics is shown below the execution plan, why you needed to execute the following query?
SELECT n.name, s.value FROM v$sesstat s, v$statname n WHERE s.statistic# =n.statistic# AND s.sid = 141 AND n.name LIKE 'consistent%';
Also, why you issued it from another session? Is it because when you issue the query, it can also manipulate the total consistent get. Therefore, you can't get the accurate result?
Thanks in advance.


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Reason Behind Popularity Of Streaming Devices
Streaming device is the invention which allows the private as well as the online access of the videos on the TV. Different devices come in different shapes and sizes. Streaming device is the great option to fulfill the all in … Continue reading
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All hail Caesar! On Friday's episode of Spartacus: War of the Damned, Marcus Crassus (Simon Merrells) introduced his secret weapon: Gaius Julius Caesar (Todd Lasance). And Spartacus (Liam McIntyre) revealed his own plan to supply and shelter his followers in the walled city of Sinuessa en Valle — at the cost of Roman lives, of course.
All hail Caesar!
On Friday's episode of Spartacus: War of the Damned, Marcus Crassus (Simon Merrells) introduced his secret weapon: Gaius Julius Caesar (Todd Lasance). And Spartacus (Liam McIntyre) revealed his own plan to supply and shelter his followers in the walled city of Sinuessa en Valle — at the cost of Roman lives, of course.
She's how old? Stars who don't look their age
Just how much of a threat will Caesar be to Spartacus? And what sort of problems will Spartacus' takeover cause? Check out our burning questions from "Wolves at the Gate" below:
Does Caesar have a bloodletting fetish? It's unusual for Spartacus to shy away from the graphic portrayal of sex or violence, but when a slave kneels before Caesar and uses a sharp instrument between his legs, her head obstructs everything from view. We're left baffled and slightly nauseated by imagining what could be happening down there, especially when we see the blood pooling on the ground and hear Caesar's moans of pain. Or is it pleasure? Both? Tiberius isn't the only one to think that Caesar might be a little funny in the head!
Series executive producer Steven DeKnight won't confirm or deny a fetish, but he tells TVGuide.com, "That's this little mystery thing of what the hell is going on there. You don't find out until Episode 4 what that's about. That's another thing I love about Starz. They called me up and said, 'What the hell is this? Is he into the kinky sh--?' That's what we want people to think, and then you find out a little later what that's actually about." Oh, those crazy Romans! Shaking our heads.
Can Attius (Cohen Holloway) be trusted? Gannicus' (Dustin Clare) blacksmith pal helped the rebels take over Sinuessa en Valle by illegally forging two swords and tricking the city's guards, but he did it all for a price. Trusting anyone whose loyalties are based on coin puts you on shaky ground, and you can see that he has doubts. This isn't his cause, and we foresee that Spartacus will have to address that sooner than later.
Will Kore's status as a slave be her downfall? Just because Kore (Jenna Lind) is Crassus' lover, that doesn't mean she's fully protected. Not only was she helpless to resist Caesar's unwanted advances (until her dominus put a stop to it), but Crassus' wife Tertulla (Katherine Kennard) blamed Kore for leading him on. We're sure that the domina knows and is jealous of Kore's standing with Crassus. Kore better watch out because the Imperator has a war to wage and won't be able to keep an eye out for his favored slave 24/7.
PHOTOS: Bad guys we root for
Who will win in the rivalry between Tiberius and Caesar? Although it seemed that Crassus initially favored Caesar's military experience and prowess, he gave the command of his army to his son Tiberius (Christian Antidormi). Our denarii are still on Caesar though. Besides the fact that we know how he turned out historically and that Tiberius is a fictional character created for the series, Tiberius is untried in battle and has no patience for strategy. Spartacus can only be defeated by someone equally fierce and clever, and sorry, boy, you're not either. Crassus also promises Caesar that he'll be a military tribune and that "greater glories at journey's end" will be his, so wethinks Crassus already knows Caesar's real worth.
Will Laeta be a help or hindrance to the rebels? Poor, poor Laeta (Anna Hutchison)! Not only was her city sacked, but she had to watch Spartacus impale her husband through his mouth with a spear. Fortunately, Spartacus declared that the handful of living Romans will remain unharmed, but that's cold comfort for Laeta, who no doubt distrusts the rebels and bears them no small amount of resentment. But if she's to survive, she can't defy them outright.
"That is pretty intense," Hutchison says. "I think back then, it wouldn't be so easy as, say if you or I were to lose our husbands and we depended on them for income. We could get a job if we wanted to. We'd still be incredibly sad, but it's not the same as back then. So she's got to really adapt her way of thinking and the way she goes about that is really gratifying."
Has Spartacus lost his integrity? Oh, sure, Spartacus made a pretty speech about how all the Romans' deaths weighed heavily upon him, but his senseless killing of Laeta's husband (who we think may have relented) and the fact that he didn't even try to prevent the murder of innocent children makes us wonder if he's strayed from the righteous path too much. Yes, this is war, and we know the rebels raped and pillaged their way across the land, but damn, Sparty! That's going to be a hard line to toe as the war wages on.
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Damnedest Death(s):
Gannicus made a nice diagonal cut across Loris' sneering face, which caused it to split into two planes that slid away from each other. Also, it was brutal to watch the city stoning, even when Spartacus dealt the killing blow with a stone that split the slave's head open.
Rebels/Romans Say the Damnedest Things:
Laeta: "You! You aid Spartacus?"
Spartacus: "No, I stand the man himself." (Editor's note: What a nifty way to get around the expected phrase, "I am Spartacus!")
"Call me Roman no more!" -- Attius after accepting a bribe of 5,000 denarii.
"I shall follow him into the afterlife and piss upon his shadow." -- dying slave Diotimos (Kelson Henderson) about his evil dominus, whom Gannicus just killed.
How do you like this young Caesar? What do you think about Spartacus' actions to take over Sinuessa en Valle?
Spartacus: War of the Damned airs Fridays at 9/8c on Starz.


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There's a fantastic conference going on at University College London on the 8th and 9th of November, Digital Engagement in Archaeology, which I have co-authored a presentation in with Matt Law about a lovely data set he collected when Geocities closed down. Check out the abstract:
Title: The Archaeology of Digital Abandonment
Abstract: After fifteen years of hosting millions of user-built webpages, in April 2009 Yahoo announced that they would be shutting down their United States Geocities webpages. Geocities was once the most common hosting service for low-cost personal webpages, including hundreds of public outreach sites about archaeology. Were the webpages moved to another hosting site, archived, or abandoned? We tracked and recorded the fate of 89 of these webpages, eventually sending a survey to the webmasters asking them a range of questions. While we received relatively few responses, the answers to the questions were illuminating. Much of the current digital outreach performed all over the world relies on "free" services such as Twitter, Flickr, WordPress, Google Pages, or Facebook to host their content. What can the fate of archaeological content on Geocities pages tell us about the benefits and risks of using commercial infrastructure for archaeological outreach? In a conference dedicated to understanding digital public engagement, we sort through the digital wreckage of past outreach efforts to evaluate the fate of the online archaeological presence.
All of the other papers look really interesting, I wish I could be there to check it out. The paper will get developed into a piece of longer length to be published in an Open Access journal.
I must admit, one of the things that I'm the most excited about is the mind-blowing opening slide that Matt made, full of gifs and broken links–truly retro-geocities-fabulous:
So so brilliant.


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Another boy's treasure: Soccer connection between Massachusetts and Tanzania
Tiny and shy, the young Tanzanian boy approached Gail LaRocca with caution.
Years earlier - long enough for the charred skin to heal, budding scar tissue fusing each little finger together - 5-year-old Endulen fell into an open fireplace as his grandmother cooked a meal.
His future looked bleak. The boy's family knew their son, with two badly damaged hands, would never be able to work long hard days, the way Tanzanian men must, in order to survive.
So they gave the child up to a priest from Vermont, who had settled in the African nation three decades earlier and founded a mission for endangered boys and girls.
"Endulen was so shy," LaRocca recalled from her 2004 trip to Tanzania. "Another boy helped him into the uniform, and suddenly, he was transformed into a Winchester soccer player. He looked so different."
The Winchester Rotary Club collected nearly 300 old soccer uniforms from the town's plethora of young athletes in a very successful inaugural campaign. And then, in a feat of unmatched kindness, they helped pay LaRocca's way to the struggling nation, where she passed the shirts and shorts out to eager, blossoming African footballers.
Three years later, the club has launched another uniform drive. LaRocca will travel back to Tanzania on July 16, with a heavy cargo of cardboard boxes packed to the brim with unwanted uniforms.
Hand-me-down soccer outfits can still be dropped off through the end of the month at Fresh Touch Cleaners, 757 Main St. The Rotarians ask only that jerseys and shorts be cleaned in advance, placed in a one-gallon Ziplock bag, and marked as either "adult" or "child," small, medium or large.
Lindsay Van Gelder, 10, of Winchester, parted with her outgrown uniform at a recent Rotary Club pancake breakfast. The Lincoln Elementary schooler has been playing soccer for the past six years, more than half her life.
"They're going to Africa," she said. "I feel really happy that I know I'm giving to a worthy cause that will make other kids really happy. It's a really good program and I think other people should definitely participate."
The Rotary Club is also collecting deflated soccer balls, which will be given new life once they're tossed onto the dusty playing fields of the Serengeti savanna.
Covering 60,000 square kilometers, across Tanzania and Kenya, Endulen's people named the wondrous Serengeti, using the word from their Maasai language meaning "Endless Plains."
"The villagers live in semi-nomadic (tribes)," explained La Rocca. "They wear mostly red cloth robes, tied around one shoulder, and often carry spears and walking sticks."
July will mark the Winchester woman's seventh trip to the continent. Stateside, she works as an interior/exterior house painter, aerobics instructor, and part-time lecturer on African culture.
On her next excursion, she plans to once again meet up with Father Ned Marchessault, the Vermont native whose mission has been to clothe and feed Tanzanian children for more than 30 years.
On her last visit, Father Ned threw a party in her honor. She and 70 boys crowded into a tiny room, equipped with a solar-powered television set. As dusk set in, the aging priest retired for the night, leaving LaRocca with the swarm of energetic youth.
Like most children, armed with a TV and minus adult supervision, they took turns channel surfing. Finally, they stumbled upon the 2004 Summer Olympics. A hush swept the room as all eyes became glued to the track and field medal round.
"For the first time, these children saw other Africans running and jumping, participating in organized sport on television," said LaRocca. "All these children in such a small room, and you could hear a pin drop."


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The University of Wisconsin's Internet technology division and a crucial provider of 'Net access for Wisconsin's educational system are under attack from that state's legislature and from a local telecommunications association. At issue is the WiscNet educational cooperative. The non-profit provides affordable network access to the state's schools and libraries, although its useful days may be numbered unless the picture changes soon.
Under a proposed new law, the University of Wisconsin system could be forced to return millions of dollars in federal broadband grants that it has already won, spend far more money on network services, and perhaps even withdraw from the Internet2 project.
Give it back
As we go to press with this story, WiscNet is negotiating with the leadership of Wisconsin's state legislature. Here's how the situation stands now: at the urging of Wisconsin's state telecommunications association, Republican legislators have introduced an omnibus bill that would sever WiscNet from the University of Wisconsin at Madison's Division of Informational Technology, and bar it from taking any money from UW.
The proposed law even goes so far as to prohibit UW from taking National Telecommunications Information Agency (NTIA) broadband stimulus grants, or joining any entity that offers broadband to the general public.
These measures would force UW to return an estimated $39 million in such funds to Washington, DC, warned Tony Evers, the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, last week. And they would force schools to turn to Badgernet, Wisconsin's state wide-area-network, which depends heavily on AT&T as its primary vendor.
"These provisions will have a devastating impact on the University of Wisconsin System campuses and our schools and public libraries," Evers told the state legislature following the bill's passage from a Joint Finance Committee on Friday June 3. "You cannot have a renowned research institution, like the UW-Madison, without having access to such networks."
We spoke with David Lois, Executive Director of WiscNet, on Saturday; he's busy working with legislators to avert disaster. "We're looking for opportunities to move forward and we're working on some sort of compromise, but it's difficult when we're beginning at this point," he told Ars.
University of Wisconsin economic development professor Andy Lewis is also involved in the negotiations. "I think this has always been about the telcos getting us to return those stimulus grants," he explained. "I think that this has been about what it has been all about from the beginning."
This is a development of huge significance; the University of Wisconsin helped invent the 'Net as we know it.
Wisconsin's idea
Were it not for the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the Internet might look very different. Three decades ago, Wisconsin engineers and scientists pioneered the Computer Science Research Network (CSNET)—an affordable Internet Protocol based infrastructure that would link computer science departments across the country. CSNET addressed a crucial problem. Many CS departments could not or were not qualified to hook up to the ARPANET, the original IP network. Either they either did not engage in defense research or they lacked the high price tag for admission.
As a consequence, research institutions that had no ARPANET access faced extinction, as faculty and graduate students migrated elsewhere, in many instances to well funded private sector facilities with ARPANET membership.
"An exodus of computing talent from academia to industry had caused a nationwide fear that the United States would not be able to train its next generation of computer scientists," write Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon in their history of the 'Net, When Wizards Stay Up Late.
So Madison invited six other universities to a meeting, then lobbed a series of proposals over to the National Science Foundation for funding. Under the final NSF plan, colleges would get affordable access to Telnet and several other early network protocols. CSNET was a huge success. Within five years, practically every computer science department in the United States had Internet access, thanks to the experiment.
But Madison's brainchild also inspired the NSF to create NSFNet—a series of regional CSNET-like projects that followed the affordable Madison educational model. "By the end of 1989, the ARPANET was gone," Hafter and Lyon write. "The NSFNET and the regional networks it had spawned became the principal backbone."
WiscNet is a state level spinoff from the CSNET idea. From 1990 through 1995, the non-profit won NSF grants to extend Internet access to all the states' colleges and universities. Then the project wired up the majority of school districts. Next came libraries and local governments. None of this could have happened without the constant assistance of the IT staff at UWMadison, which WiscNet hired to manage and run the system.
75 percent of Wisconsin's schools and 95 percent of its public libraries now get Internet access from WiscNet. Like CSNET, WiscNet became a model for educational systems across the country. It also became a target for the Wisconsin State Telecommunications Association.
Duplicate network?
In October of 2010, the WSTA launched a campaign denouncing a UW plan to use federal stimulus money to expand WiscNet's presence in four Wisconsin communities.
"A duplicate network will increase costs for everyone and impact the ability of local telecommunications providers to invest in their communities," declared WSTA's Executive Director William Esbeck. "With scare state resources, do we really need the UW using government money to stifle private sector investment and threaten local jobs and businesses?"
The trade association went so far as to suggest that UW/WiscNet's activities were unlawful. "The legal issues are being researched and lawsuits are a possibility," Esbeck insisted. "The UW does not belong in the telecommunications business . . . the current statutes are very clear on that point."
Actually, the Wisconsin statutes that Esbeck cited are anything but clear. Sure, section 16.972(2)(a) says that no Wisconsin state agency:
may offer, resell, or provide telecommunications services, including data and voice over Internet services, that are available from a private telecommunications carrier to the general public or to any other public or private entity.
But section 16.972(2)(b) offers a huge exception to (a). Departments can:
provide such computer services and telecommunications services to local governmental units and the broadcasting corporation and provide such telecommunications services to qualified private schools, tribal schools, postsecondary institutions, museums, and zoos, as the department considers to be appropriate and as the department can efficiently and economically provide.
Undaunted by these inconvenient technicalities, the group asked for "more legislative review of UW's broadband plans." Eventually, that review arrived in the form of the already mentioned omnibus legislation. Section 23 of the new proposal would prohibit the UW system from receiving or dispersing any funds from the NTIA's broadband stimulus program. Section 24 would amend current law to prevent the state's Board of Regents or UW System from providing telecommunications services "that are available from a private telecommunications carrier to the general public or to any other private entity" to anyone except the UW system itself.
Section 25 would prohibit the UW System from "becoming or remaining a member, shareholder, or partner" with any entity that "offers, resells, or provides telecommunications services to members of the general public." And finally, provision 26 specifies that WiscNet must separate itself from the UW-Madison Division of Information Technology as of July 1, 2012, and forgo the $1.4 million from the UW system intended for WiscNet in 2012-13.
Making it impossible
There are a variety of problems with this proposal from the perspective of WiscNet and Wisconsin's public colleges and schools. First, there's the spectacle of UW giving back millions of federal dollars earmarked for educational broadband upgrades. "We're trying to save the public money," Lois pleaded in his conversation with us. "We're talking about millions more to do broadband in the state."
Then, as Superintendent Evers pointed out in his letter, financially and operationally cutting WiscNet off from Wisconsin institutions will cripple its efforts.
"The provision in this legislation will very likely make it impossible for WiscNet to continue offering Internet access," he noted. "If our schools and libraries must use other Internet providers, most will pay at least 2-3 times more than what WiscNet now charges."
A UW response to the "duplication-of-services" charge contends that 100Mbps BadgerNet service currently runs $6,000 a month; 1,000Mbps goes for $49,500 a month. "These costs will likely drop with renewal of the BadgerNet contract but this has not happened yet," the statement notes. "And even when it does, the costs will likely still be too high."
And unlike WiscNet, schools will then be charged by bandwidth use. At present, "as schools and libraries continue to increase their bandwidth, their WiscNet costs remain the same," Evers writes. "With our schools and libraries facing substantial budget reductions, how can anyone justify making them pay more for less service?"
To put it in comparative terms, UW Chief Information Officer Ed Meachen told WTN News that because of the different bandwidth pricing approaches, WiscNet costs the UW system $2 million a year. BadgerNet would cost $8 million.
Height of irony
The legislature has received hundreds of letters protesting these proposals. One of the most notable comes from H. David Lambert, CEO of Internet2, the non-profit ramping up to provide 8.8 terabits per second of bandwidth to the US Unified Community Anchor Network (US UCAN). The network amounts to around 200,000 community "anchor institutions"—K-12 schools, libraries, clinics, hospitals, and community colleges. In the winter of 2010, the project received a $62 million broadband stimulus grant from the government to get this project underway.
Section 25 of Wisconsin's omnibus law would obviously cut UW off from Internet2, Lambert's letter to Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker observed.
"It would be the height of irony if sections 23-26 of the University Omnibus legislation were passed, as those provisions would prohibit the University from being directly involved in proving out further developments of innovations in the Internet that it helped create," he wrote. "This would deny the University the ability to participate in the innovation cycle that created the market for commercial providers (including those who support the 11th hour insertion of sections 23-26) to provide their services in the first place."
As for WiscNet's Lois, he seemed cautiously optimistic, at least on Saturday. "The legislators have heard the WiscNet community. They've said 'you can't do this to us'," he explained. "We're trying to come up with a reasonable compromise."
UW's Lewis thinks that most of those section paragraphs could disappear, save language forcing a return of the grants. This would force the layoff of personnel already involved in rolling out broadband to those four areas.
"This thing is entirely inappropriate," Lewis declared. "If our slogan is 'Wisconsin is open for business,' we're going in the wrong direction."
When might a new proposal emerge? "Monday at noon at the earliest. Tuesday at the latest," Lois predicts.


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WASHINGTON — Eased out with an $8 million payout provided by an influential GOP fundraiser, former Republican House Majority Leader Dick Armey says he has left a conservative Tea Party group, FreedomWorks, because of an internal split over the group's future direction.
SEE ALSO: Alicia Keys Performs On 'X-Factor'
A confidential contract obtained by The Associated Press shows that Armey agreed in September to resign from his role as chairman of Washington-based FreedomWorks in exchange for $8 million in consulting fees paid in annual $400,000 installments. Dated Sept. 24, the contract specifies that Armey would resign his position at both FreedomWorks and its sister organization, the FreedomWorks Foundation, by the end of November.
According to the contract, Armey's consulting fees will be paid by Richard J. Stephenson, a prominent fundraiser and founder and chairman of the Cancer Treatment Centers of America, a national cancer treatment network. Stephenson is on the board of directors of FreedomWorks.
SEE ALSO: No Changes: 'R&B' Divas Still Together
Armey's departure comes as a new sign of acrimony in conservative and Republican ranks as the party's bruised leadership struggles with its November electoral losses and uncertainty over how to recast its principles and issues to compete with an ascendant Democratic party.
Armey confirmed his departure Tuesday, telling the AP that "my differences with FreedomWorks are a matter of principle." Armey said he made the decision to quit FreedomWorks in August, but Stephenson and other board members urged him not to leave until after the Nov. 6 election. Stephenson did not immediately respond to calls from AP for comment.
SEE ALSO: Marvin Gaye's Son Begs Lenny Kravitz Not To Play His Dad
Armey would not describe his specific concerns, but the former House majority leader told the Mother Jones website that the Tea Party group was moving in an unproductive direction. He also indicated dissatisfaction with the November election results, in which several GOP candidates supported by FreedomWorks Super PAC donations were beaten by Democratic party rivals.
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In an internal Nov. 30 resignation memo published by Mother Jones, Armey told FreedomWorks CEO Matt Kibbe to remove his "name, image and signature" from all of the group's materials and web operations. Kibbe and other FreedomWorks officials were not immediately available for comment.
Armey, who had been with the Tea Party group since its 2004 founding, is a veteran Texas GOP political figure who was intimately involved in the GOP's conservative "Contract with America" congressional movement in the 1990s. While Armey, 72, was the group's eminence and at first, its public face, the younger Kibbe has been its most active official, appearing at FreedomWorks' public gatherings.
FreedomWorks flourished after a wave of Tea Party House candidates swept into office in 2010, but despite spending hundreds of thousands of dollars to back favored GOP candidates in November, the group's influence appeared to wane at the polls. Among the GOP losers supported by FreedomWorks in November were Senate candidates Josh Mandel in Ohio, Connie Mack in Florida and Richard Mourdock in Indiana.
Overall, Tea Party-influenced House legislators fared better in the recent elections, though their ranks thinned. At least 83 of 87 Republican House members who were allied with Tea Party anti-government spending causes ran for re-election in November, and all but eleven were returned to office. A twelfth – Rep. Jeff Landry, R-La., faces an uphill runoff election this month against another GOP incumbent.
FreedomWorks' internal secrecy and its role as a high-financed super political action committee became an issue in the weeks before the election when federal campaign finance documents revealed that a shadowy Tennessee-based corporation had funneled seven donations totaling $5.28 million to the Tea Party group. The amount was the largest political contribution to a super PAC in 2012 from a business group that would not identify its donor.
FreedomWorks would not identify the anonymous donor, and a Tennessee lawyer who helped set up the group would also not divulge the head of the firm, Specialty Group Inc. The Tennessee firm later changed its name to Specialty Investments Group Inc. on Nov. 28.
Republican Dumps His Tea! Ex-GOP House Leader Leaves Tea Party Group was originally published on newsone.com
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