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New and Notable
Inconvenient Truth, Building DVD, Reflector CFL Winner, and More!
September 11, 2006
A version of this article appears in the September/October 2006 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
RESNET's Web site is referenced in Al Gore's NewYork Times best-selling book An Inconvenient Truth. The book expands on Gore's documentary An Inconvenient Truth.
The book refers to RESNET's Web site in the chapter "Save Energy at Home." RESNET is recommended to consumers who are looking for an energy audit specialist in their area.
Building DVD Delivers Solutions
A number of years ago, I was contracted to build my first straw bale house for a client. When I began the project, few books or videos were produced about the subject of green building, and more specifically on how to build a straw bale home. The DVD Building with Awareness, by designer Ted Owens, is one resource I wish I'd had in my arsenal. It is by far one of the most detailed and comprehensive videos I have viewed on designing and building a straw bale home.
Owens shepherds the viewer through the entire process of constructing his own straw bale hybrid home, sharing both his successes and his failures. He admits in the beginning that when he started his project, he had never built anything more complicated than a childhood fort in a neighbor's backyard. But Owens's shortcomings as a builder are balanced by his strong design background and by his attention to detail. The video covers straw bale walls, post-and-beam framing, adobe thermal-mass walls, passive heating and cooling, rubble trench foundations, roof framing and insulation, in-floor radiant heat, earthen plaster, PV systems, rainwater cisterns, graywater plumbing, the use of green materials, and much more. Each topic is thoughtfully presented and well documented, allowing the viewer to return for a more detailed view.
Although the DVD focuses on a sitespecific project in northern New Mexico, the ample information and techniques shown could be applied to any building site. An eight-page booklet, which includes technical details and a basic floor plan and elevation drawing of Owens's home, accompanies the DVD. Also included is an additional audio track with design and construction commentary covering the pros and cons of various materials, construction costs, and Owens's take on the experience of building his own home. One could easily use the basic blueprints provided, along with the video, and have enough information and instruction to build a replica of Owens's home.
For anyone with an interest in designing and building his or her own green home, this is an indispensable resource. Building with Awareness has taken the green building how-to instructional video to a whole new level.
USDA Provides Loans for Energy-Efficient Homes
Through a new program called Home Energy Advantage, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is offering larger loans for low- and moderateincome families who want to purchase energy-efficient homes in rural areas. These loans are offered through the Rural Development Section 502 homeownership loan program. Under the program, the qualifying ratios for home loans may be exceeded by up to two percentage points if an energy-efficient home is purchased. The program recognizes that owners of energyefficient homes spend less money on utility bills, so they can afford larger mortgage payments.
"Homeownership has always been a central part of the American Dream," says Mike Johanns, agricultural secretary. "I'm pleased that through this new initiative we can encourage efforts to expand access to new affordable housing opportunities in rural America, while emphasizing energy conservation."
USDA Rural Development's Section 502 loan programs are available to qualified low- and moderate-income families who will purchase homes in rural areas. Loans can be made for up to 100% of the appraised value of the property.The cost of installing energy-saving features in a home, such as storm windows and doors, insulation, and energy-efficient appliances, can be included in the loan.
This program is similar to Energy Efficient Mortgages (EEMs), which are offered through the Federal Housing Administration (FHA); the Department of Veterans Affairs; Fannie Mae; and Freddie Mac.
GreenHomes Acquires EnTherm
GreenHomes America has acquired one of New York's most successful building performance contractors, EnTherm, Incorporated (see "Strictly Shell Man Converts," HE May/June '04, p. 40).The joining of these companies makes GreenHomes New York's premier provider of home performance contracting (HPC), representing one out of every three home performance projects in the entire state. "EnTherm's exceptional expertise, reputation, and solid foothold in central New York are the perfect complement to GreenHomes' already strong presence in the rest of the state," says Mike Robinson, president of GreenHomes.
Founded in 1980 in Syracuse by Richard Kornbluth and Frank LaSala, EnTherm is an award-winning building performance contracting company specializing in home performance, HVAC, windows, and more in the central New York region. Kornbluth and LaSala will join the GreenHomes executive team and help run day-to-day operations.
Like GreenHomes, EnTherm was one of a select group of New York contractors to pioneer the wholehouse approach to building performance. In 2001, EnTherm was the first contractor in New York to receive Building Performance Institute (BPI) accreditation and participate in the Home Performance with Energy Star (HPwES) program, an innovative statesponsored program that promotes homeowner energy efficiency. EnTherm has also been consistently recognized by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) for advances in home performance contracting, receiving three consecutive NYSERDA Outstanding Achievement in Home Performance awards.
GridPoint Connect in Solar Homes
GridPoint, Incorporated, which produces intelligent energy management (IEM) appliances for homes, will have its GridPoint Connect product featured in the Better Home, Better Planet Initiative: Near Zero Energy House, in Paterson, New Jersey, sponsored by Baden Aniline and Soda Factory (BASF).
"We are happy to be among the companies contributing to the BASF project, which is not only a state-ofthe- art structure but a worthy cause as well," says Peter L. Corsell, president and CEO of GridPoint.
GridPoint Connect is a grid-tied battery backup product that integrates renewable energy and serves three functions in the home. First, GridPoint Connect acts as an inverter, converting the DC current from PV cells into AC household current. Second, it stores electricity in batteries to provide backup power and sends surplus energy onto the utility grid, resulting in a credit on utility bills.Third, it enables users to monitor and manage their use of energy by accessing an online portal,GridPoint Central.
GridPoint Connect has won several awards, including Green Builder magazine's Most Innovative Product in the 2006 Best of Show awards at the National Green Building conference; finalist for Most Innovative Commercial Technology of the Year in the Platts 2005 Global Energy awards; and a featured product in Los Angeles magazine's DesignHouse 2005:The Green Home.
SBIC Wins NAHB's Green Advocate of the Year Award
The Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC) was named as the Green Advocate of the Year in the Group category at the 2006 National Green Building Awards Gala. The awards were presented during the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) Annual National Green Building conference in Albuquerque, New Mexico.SBIC was recognized for driving significant changes in energyand resource-efficient new-home construction through outreach, advocacy, and educational initiatives.
SBIC has consistently demonstrated a commitment to the principles of green building in its residential program. In 2001, the SBIC Green Building Guidelines: Meeting the Demand for Low-Energy, Resource-Efficient Homes primer was developed in partnership with staff and members of the NAHB Green Building Subcommittee.
"This award clearly validates SBIC's contribution as an industry leader and distinguishes us from the many other green organizations. Our relationships with NAHB will continue to be critical as we educate and advocate for 'Greening the American Dream,'" says English.
Historic and Affordable New York
Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) Commissioner Shaun Donovan have announced details of the expansion of the mayor's New Housing Marketplace Plan, which has grown from a $3.4 billion plan to build and preserve 68,000 units by 2008 to a $7.5 billion plan to build and preserve 165,000 units by 2013.This is the largest municipal affordable housing plan in the nation's history and will provide affordable homes for 500,000 New Yorkers. The plan includes new tools to spur private investment in affordable housing, including innovative uses for city-owned land, initiatives to preserve existing affordable units, and a new program to provide affordable housing for middle-class families.
"Building affordable housing is critical to New York's future,"says Bloomberg. As our city grows and continues to attract people from around the world, it is a challenge for working New Yorkers to find quality, affordable housing."
DOE Announces a Third Reflector CFL Winner
DOE has announced a third winner in its on-going efforts to encourage manufacturers to improve the quality and performance of screw-based reflector CFLs in high-heat applications. Feit model ESL15R30H joins two Philips RCFL winners announced last year in DOE's R-Lamp Technology Innovation Competition (see "New Reflector CFLs That Can Take the Heat,"HE Mar/Apr '05,p. 9). DOE is conducting the research because many R-CFLs have suffered performance problems (including premature failure) when used in high-temperature environments, such as recessed-can fixtures located in insulated ceilings with airtight housings (ICATs).
The competition, which is being conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL),asked manufacturers to submit models for rigorous testing.RCFLs are evaluated for light output,beam angle, lamp length, maximum operating temperature, and compliance with Energy Star standards. Those that meet the minimum requirements are subjected to at least 6,000 hours of elevated-temperature life testing under conditions that simulate recessed-can fixtures in ICATs.The Feit R-CFL is a 15W reflector intended to replace a 65W R-30 incandescent floodlight. Like the other winners, it delivers energy savings of up to 66% compared to an incandescent bulb, and it has an expected life 3–4 times longer.The Feit R-CFL produces a pleasant warm-white light, and it can be used indoors or outdoors.As part of the competition, as few as six lamps can be purchased at volume discount pricing at participating Costco stores (look for Conserv- Energy Item #BPCE15R30H/4). The winning Philips R-CFLs can also be purchased at volume discount pricing.
A new competition, intended to encourage the development of additional qualified models, has drawn considerable interest from manufacturers.Four manufacturers have submitted a total of 31 models for testing.Twenty-three models met minimum specifications and have moved into elevated-temperature life testing, which will conclude in October 2006. Qualified lamps will be announced in Fall 2006. More detailed information, including R-CFL testing and specifications, is available online.
Innovative Green Projects at P3
Winners of EPA's People, Prosperity, and Planet (P3) awards included such notable projects as a biodiesel-powered bus designed by Appalachian State University students and construction materials grown by University of Michigan students.
This national competition, which is sponsored by EPA's Office of Research and Development, enables college students to research, develop, and design projects that promote sustainability. The P3 award includes funding of up to $75,000, which students can use to develop their designs and introduce them to the marketplace.
"P3 releases the power of the possible to advance sustainable solutions to environmental challenges," says EPA Administrator Stephen L. Johnson. "I am pleased that our nation's future leaders are answering President Bush's call to deliver environmental and economic results by expanding technology and innovation."
This year's winners also included Lafayette College, which developed a simple, sustainable water system that removes inorganic arsenic from groundwater sources; Portland State University, which developed a whole-systems approach to sustainable development; Stanford University, which oversaw the design and construction of a green dorm; and the University of Massachusetts, which explored the possibility of developing drugs to treat various forms of cancer from green tea.
This year's P3 award competition was held at EPA's first National Sustainable Design Expo on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The competition was supported by over 45 partners in the federal government, industry, and scientific and professional societies.
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The US military and CIA have used "drone strikes" heavily in the war in Afghanistan and the hunt for members of Al Qaeda. They've fired Hellfire missiles from the long-range Predator, Reaper, and Global Hawk unmanned aircraft, killing over 3,000 people so far with such attacks. But at 100 pounds, the Hellfire weighs almost as much as some small drones, and it costs tens of thousands of dollars. Add that to the cost of flying the big drones that carry them, and it makes for a very expensive way to kill someone.
But the economics of "precision-strike" drone warfare may change very soon. The US Army and General Dynamics announced today that they have successfully tested a weapon that could turn small unmanned aircraft into small-scale automated precision-attack bombers. General Dynamics' Ordnance and Tactical Systems unit and the Army Armament Research and Development Engineering Center successfully demonstrated they could shell targets from a small drone armed with GPS-guided 81-millimeter mortar rounds.
Originally designed to be fired from mortar tubes on the ground, GPS-guided mortar rounds started to be deployed to US troops in Afghanistan last year. The guidance is part of a fuse attached to an otherwise-conventional mortar round that controls the stabilization fins on the shell. The system tested by ARDEC and General Dynamics (called the Air Drop Mortar) turns GPS-guided mortar rounds into "smart" bombs, programming them with GPS coordinates through a specially designed rack on the drone.
In a series of three tests using a TigerShark drone—a 200-pound drone with a 17-foot wingspan capable of taking off and landing on its own—the Air Drop Mortar (ADM) dropped the 10-pound test shells from about 7,000 feet. They fell within seven meters of the designated target in every test. The blast radius of a high-explosive 81-millimeter mortar shell is about 35 meters.
There are a number of military advantages to dropping mortar rounds from drones. Drones obviously have a longer reach than artillery, and they can linger over an area for long periods and attack without warning (the TigerShark drone can stay in the air for up to eight hours). And compared to the missiles typically carried by DoD and CIA drones, mortar rounds are dirt-cheap.
But there are other potential uses for the ADM. Mortar shells can also carry non-lethal contents, such as smoke and gas, so the potential applications of mortar-armed drones could easily extend into law enforcement and homeland security. (Yes, small drones could be launched from a distance to drop shells to disperse crowds.) Law enforcement agencies are already looking at the potential of using drones with non-lethal weapons. The sheriff's department of Montgomery County, Texas has expressed interest in arming its Shadowhawk helicopter drones with tear gas grenades, rubber bullets, and tasers.
Of course, the accuracy of the ADM, and of the drones that carry the system, could be put at risk by GPS jamming technology. The Iranian forces allegedly used such tactics to capture a CIA RQ-170 Sentinel stealth drone last year. And the general security of drone systems is already in question. The video feed from many US drones is unencrypted, and has been intercepted in the past by enemies on the ground using satellite communications monitoring software.

subset: commoncrawl


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August 2nd, 2011
Get Some Sleep: Avoid frequent leg cramping
Lisa Shives, M.D., is the founder of Northshore Sleep Medicine in Evanston, Illinois. She blogs regularly on The Chart. Read more from her at Dr. Lisa Shives' Sleep Better Blog.
It is frustrating, to both patients and doctors, that modern medical science often lacks understanding of or treatment for common, everyday ailments.
One such ailment, leg cramps, is very common and yet poorly understood. It often plagues people at night, and therefore "sleep-related leg cramps" is recognized as a bona fide sleep disorder by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders.
Most people have had a "charley horse" and know that leg cramps can be quite painful. Leg cramps result from the sudden, intense and involuntary contraction of a muscle or muscle group. They usually occur in the calf muscle or the small muscles of the feet.
The painful sensation is usually relieved by strenuous stretching of the affected muscle. Often, people jump out of bed in their attempt to stop the searing pain. Both the prevalence and frequency increase as people age. There is research showing that approximately one-third of all people over the age of 60 and one-half of those over the age of 80 reported having sleep-related leg cramps once in the previous two months. Six percent of adults over the age of 60 have reported having leg cramps that disturb them every night.
Leg cramps are sometimes confused with restless legs syndrome (now known as Willis-Ekbom disease), but the two disorders are quite different, although patients can have both problems.
RLS is not commonly described as a sudden, intense pain. Also, people who suffer from RLS usually have a steady, uncomfortable feeling in the legs that lasts for hours, and this maddening feeling is only temporarily relieved for a few minutes while they move or rub their legs.
There are some medical conditions that seem to predispose people to leg cramps such as diabetes, peripheral vascular disease and neuromuscular disorders. Medications such as oral contraceptives have been associated with leg cramps. They occur in approximately 40% of pregnant women and usually resolve after birth.
If leg cramping is frequent and intense, people should not assume that they have benign, idiopathic (of unknown cause) leg cramps. It is advised to consult a physician in order to differentiate leg cramps from more serious medical conditions such as akathisia, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy and disorders of calcium imbalance.
There are numerous theories about the cause of leg cramps but little evidence supporting the veracity of any given theory. One common notion is that they result from dehydration, but the little research done does not support this.
Also common is the idea that there is a relative electrolyte imbalance. Magnesium and potassium are popular culprits. Again, there is little research on this. One study attempted to treat leg cramps in a group of pregnant women and found that magnesium was no better than a placebo.
The same is true for potassium deficiency; there is no research showing that low potassium causes leg cramps or that taking extra potassium prevents them. That said, I have patients who swear that a banana before bed takes care of the leg cramping problem. I also know people who report that sitting in a bath of Epsom salts right before bed helps ward off nocturnal leg cramps.
I have patients who think that the leg cramps come upon them only when they exercise strenuously, and then there are those who associate the cramps with lack of exercise. The best theory is the "squatting hypothesis," which speculates that leg cramping is associated with the modern habit of sitting on chairs and on the toilet instead of squatting as our forebears would have done.
I believe that is just another way of saying that leg cramps could be caused by a lack of strengthening and stretching of the calf and feet muscles.
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The information contained on this page does not and is not intended to convey medical advice. CNN is not responsible for any actions or inaction on your part based on the information that is presented here. Please consult a physician or medical professional for personal medical advice or treatment.
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Heartthrob Mandrel Bent Exhaust Pipes 8158725
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2-1/2 In. Left Front Tail Pipe
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- Upgrade your vehicle's exhaust system with Heartthrob Mandrel Bent Exhaust Pipes
- Guide exhaust away from your engine with these Mandrel bent pipes for more horsepower and torque
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Complete your vehicle's exhaust system with pipes designed to improve flow volume and give your vehicle more power. Said another way, complete your vehicle's exhaust system with Heartthrob Mandrel Bent Exhaust Pipes.
The mandrel bending process allows these pipes to maintain their diameter through the bend. Instead of wrinkling and restricting air flow through bends, Heartthrob Mandrel Bent Exhaust Pipes let everything through, retaining the pipe's original diameter to maintain power. This unrestricted air flow lends your vehicle the kind of performance enchancements you can feel as you drive, increasing horsepower and torque. This Heartthrob Exhaust Mandrel Bent Pipe collection comes with a variety of diameters (2.25" to 5") and combinations to provide your particular vehicle with everything it needs. Both aluminized and stainless steel pipes are available, and these pipes are corrosion-resistant.
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Today in the news: Agency warns more kidnappings in Nigeria likely
Quote of note
"Kidnappings in northern Nigeria probably will become more frequent. As al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb comes under more pressure in northern Mali, it will use all available means, including its affiliate groups, to continue its insurgency." - From analysis by Stratfor, a private, U.S.-based global intelligence firm. An Islamic extremist group in Nigeria calling itself Ansaru claimed responsibilty for the kidnapping of seven foreign workers earlier today, according to the Associated Press. The group said the abduction was in retaliation "based on the transgression and atrocities shown to the religion of Allah by the European countries in many places such as Afghanistan and Mali."
News to know
While investigators know roughly where the fire started, it may be up to a year before they have any definite answers about what caused the fire that stranded a Carnival cruise ship in the Gulf of Mexico for days. Senior investigator Patrick Cuty said the fire started in front of a generator, as ignition marks could be seen on the wall. The ship reported problems with its propulsion in January of this year. Investigators said they will know by the end of next week whether the generator involved was teh same one that the fire broke out in front of.
The fire suppression system appears to have worked correctly, but the vessel still lost power. Investigators say the large amount of work required to investigate what happened, including analysis of the ship's records and wiring, means the investigation could take as long as a year to complete.
Hot video: Best man loses pants during wedding
GateHouse News Service


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This Boston College 8' x 10' Area Rug is manufactured right here in the USA with high standards and quality in mind. Made with a non-skid Duragon® latex backing action back and Ultra Plush nylon carpet fibers this area rugs makes a great addition to any home. Your teams logo and name are chromojet printed into the 1/4" plush nylon carpet fibers in true team colors approved and licensed by your school of choice.
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Editor's note: Read the statement from Siga, and watch the interview that followed the report with with Siga Board Member Fran Townsend.
WASHINGTON (CNN) - A series of e-mail exchanges between officials at the Department of Health and Human Services shows growing alarm at the amount of projected profit from a government contract for a drug company whose controlling shareholder is a longtime Democratic Party activist.
Ronald Perelman is controlling shareholder of Siga Technologies and a longtime Democratic Party activist and fundraiser. He's also a large contributor to Republicans, but has been a particular friend of the Obama White House.
Also on Siga's board of directors is Andy Stern, former president of the Service Employees International Union, who has had close relations with the Obama administration and who has supported President Barack Obama's health care initiatives.
In May 2011, Health and Human Services awarded Siga a no-bid contract worth nearly $433 million to develop and produce 1.7 million doses of an anti-viral smallpox drug called STS-246. The drug would augment the existing supply of smallpox vaccine now in U.S. control.
Post by: Drew Griffin
Filed under: Keeping Them Honest
Anderson Cooper goes beyond the headlines to tell stories from many points of view, so you can make up your own mind about the news. Tune in weeknights at 8 and 10 ET on CNN.
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Want to know more? Go behind the scenes with AC361°


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25 Holiday Ideas in 25 Days
Keep a holiday scrapbook
Buy a scrapbook as Thanksgiving nears. Then, as the season progresses, tuck in a few photos or meaningful cards. Jot some notes about the foods you ate, the presents you gave, the traditions you kept. The result: a one-stop keepsake that bundles family memories.
Display cards as art
We've all opened holiday cards with gusto, then watched them clutter our kitchen tables. This year, turn those cheery images into decor. Use medium- and large-size hole punches from crafts supply stores to create paper circles, then arrange them, overlapping, on a wooden wreath form. Glue them in place; dot with pom-poms. Ribbon glued to the back of the wreath helps with hanging.
Your favorite holiday compact discs are in your car, but when was the last time you sang along with those Christmas classics in public? This year, experience the sense of community that settles over a group of holiday singers by attending special sing-alongs. The Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra holds an annual "Happy Holidays from the Pops" concert featuring end-of-show sing-alongs. For a more ambitious task, try participating in a sing-along version of Handel's Messiah. Washington University in St. Louis holds a sing-along Messiah, while a "Do-It-Yourself" Messiah takes place each year at the Civic Opera House in Chicago. Want a laid-back venue? Try Biwabik, Minnesota, where visitors sing carols during Weihnachtsfest. Or simply organize your own group of carolers. Stroll the neighborhood in old-fashioned style, or set up a time to regale the residents of a nursing home. You'll be surprised how raising your voice in song lifts your holiday spirits.
Turn store-bought cookie dough into showstoppers
Shave cookie-prep time by using store-bought dough, and invite some family to a cookie-decorating party. Use simple circle cutters in different sizes to create easy-to-work-with bases for your creations. Then top these holiday treats with tinted frosting, colored sugars and pretty candies.
Restore romantic frivolity to your home by hanging mistletoe in a doorway and handing out kisses as people pass under it. Mistletoe's history dates back to the Druids, who believed this parasitic shrub with toxic berries had healing qualities. European Victorians decided kissing maidens under mistletoe was a Christmas tradition worth starting; Midwesterners are happy to keep the kissing custom.
Make a simple centerpiece
Greet your holiday hostess with a homemade gift that is strikingly simple. With a quick trip to a crafts supply store, you can make a centerpiece that shows off a miniature poinsettia (often available by special order from your local florist or online). Paint a peat pot and let it dry. Create a gift-box design on a piece of scrapbook paper and glue it to the front of the peat pot. Remove excess soil from the poinsettia, put the plant into a plastic sandwich bag and place it in the peat pot. Cover the top of the exposed soil with shaved soap or purchased coconut for a fresh-snowfall effect. Place the pot under a large, bell-shape jar decked with ribbon.
Kid-inspired wrapping
Any kid at heart will tell you that the wrapping often is just as much fun as the gift. Get children involved in holiday gift-giving by offering them plain wrapping paper to decorate. Their drawings, cutouts, stamps, glued-on pom-poms and scrawled letters promise personal touches no wrapping-paper company can match.
Share some scents
Spread your love for the season's scents by making spice bags for simmering-then give some to friends! Place star anise, cinnamon sticks, cloves and orange zest in empty tea bags (available at tea shops). Trim the tops of the bags with pinking shears, then tie them closed. For gifts, place them in boxes adorned with paper snowflakes.
Maybe it's one of the ornaments you pulled out of the box for your tree. Maybe it's a hymn at church or a Christmas carol on the radio. But more likely than not, something this holiday season will remind you of friends or family members who are no longer with you to celebrate. Rather than push the sadness aside and lose yourself in the season's bustle, remember what made them special and celebrate their impact on your life. Light a candle. Whisper a prayer. Look at old pictures. Tell funny stories about times you spent together. Buy a bouquet of flowers. Make one of their favorite recipes. Listen to their favorite song. Call a friend and reminisce. And give that ornament a special place on your Christmas tree.
The shopping, baking, wrapping and entertaining can wait. Let go of that Midwest work ethic and take one day to rest. Surround yourself with fuzzy blankets and soft pillows. Read a book. Listen to music. Turn off the phone. Nap. Get a foot rub. Whatever you choose, resting curbs holiday stress.
Catch a snowflake on your tongue. Stop and sit on Santa's lap. Listen for reindeer hooves. Remember what Christmas was like when you were a child, and see it that way again.
Bundle up your family and head outdoors to a holiday festival. Dozens of Midwest towns- including Macomb, Illinois; Lafayette, Indiana; Albia, Iowa; Manistee, Michigan; Garrison, North Dakota; Cambridge, Ohio; and Ripon and Stoughton, Wisconsin- hold annual festivals with a Dickens theme. Admire the decorations from a blanket-wrapped seat in a horse-drawn carriage. Wave to strolling carolers decked in period costumes. Warm your insides with hot cider and cocoa. Tour historic homes dressed tastefully for the holidays. Just a few hours around this living history will show your family why many of these centuries-old traditions have endured.
Reach out to old friends
How many times have we all said, "I should give her a call"? How many Christmas card envelopes have we sealed with a lick- and a healthy amount of guilt- because we didn't have time to do anything more than sign our names? This year, carve an hour from your schedule to contact a friend who has been on your mind but out of your daily life. Call her out of the blue, or buy some pretty stationery and revive the art of letter writing. Let her know that even though you've been out of touch, you hope she's aware of the special place she has had in your life.
Count down the days
Build kids' holiday anticipation with a countdown project that tucks a chocolate kiss and a slip of paper into 12 wrapped and numbered gift boxes. On each slip of paper, write a reason why you love them.
Make a tree topper
Bring your personal touch to holiday decor with this quick-and-easy tree topper. To make it: Trace diamond shapes onto card-stock-type scrapbooking paper and cut out five of them. Score each piece down the center, or use a ruler to bend them in half. Assemble the pieces into a star shape and fasten them together with clear tape, being careful not to flatten the star. For added sparkle, trim the edges of the star with silvery pipe cleaner. Glue it in place. Roll up a small tube of leftover paper, and glue it to the backside of the star. Then, just slip it on top of your tree and admire your handiwork.
Taste hot cocoa
If hosting a big holiday party sends you diving for cover under your flannel sheets, don't fret. Invite friends over for a hot cocoa tasting party. Stock up on a handful of flavors, then prepare a small buffet of whipped cream, toppings and cookies.
Day spas throughout the Midwest help their clients melt away seasonal stress with peppermint-tinged services. Treat yourself to a seasonal pedicure at Mario Tricoci (with locations in the Chicago area, plus Columbus, Ohio).
Give to charities
Send a check to a local food pantry. Donate new toys and clothes to organizations that help struggling families. Buy pre-bagged holiday meals at grocery stores for people in need. Whatever you do this season, reach out when you can to make the holidays better for Midwest families.
With families scattered across the country, gathering for the holidays isn't always possible. As you plan celebrations, try to include someone who might otherwise spend the day alone: an elderly relative, a colleague who is new in town, a widowed neighbor- or servicemen and -women stationed at bases near you, but far from home.
Pick an evening to pack the car with music, cocoa and family, and drive around town to see homes decked with decorations.
Plan ahead
Give party nuts a holiday twist by roasting them and choosing one of four flavors: Cocoa-Sugared Mix, Curry-Spiced Mix, Barbecue-Seasoned Mix and Asian Five-Spiced Mix. This prepare-ahead staple makes entertaining easier- or can be a simple, tasteful gift for neighbors or colleagues.Roasted Nut Snack (Nuts to You)
Remember Santa's cookies
Santa doesn't care if they are homemade or store-bought. So humor him, marvel at the crumbs left behind- and don't forget handwritten wish lists. They make great keepsakes for your new scrapbook.
Temper busy preparations by setting aside time to soothe your spirit and celebrate the season's meaning. Adopt a family in need from your church and provide their holiday meal and gifts. Help decorate your place of worship for its holiday service, or volunteer for one of your church's relief programs. Go for a walk along a snowy hiking trail. Serve a meal at a homeless shelter. Make snow angels. Read A Christmas Carol. Find a frozen pond and go ice skating. Build a snowman. Say "Merry Christmas!" to passers-by.
Light a flame
Candles set a soothing tone, both in our homes and in religious rites. The tradition is long-standing: Ancient cultures believed candles lit during the darkest days of December would help usher in more daylight.
Keep traditions
* Bring back an old-world tradition your family has lost. Ask grandparents about how they used to celebrate. * Take your family for a sleigh ride. Have the driver take your picture to get an annual record of this special time out. * Preserve a special family holiday recipe by writing it down and giving copies to all the cooks in your clan. * Make and date an ornament each year. Your Christmas tree will become laden with crafty memories. * Start a holiday movie night that includes a handful of classics, including Miracle on 34th Street. * Visit a living nativity scene. Dozens of Midwest cities have them, complete with actors, animals and storytelling. * Go to a local school's holiday concert or play. * Gather your family around the tree and have each of them name three ways they were blessed this year. * If your menu needs a lift, trade the traditional turkey for a new main dish. Find one you like; start a new tradition.


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The home theater PC (HTPC) market is very different than it used to be. Two years ago, the market was more or less DVRs and the HTPC, a few tentative OEM takes at the market, and a few standalone boxes.
Today, the HTPC space is much more crowded, and the market for these devices is not nearly as clear.
In some ways, building an HTPC has never been easier. Buying one, even, is a much easier task, with fairly workable pre-builts such as the Dell Inspiron Zino HD and Acer Revo nettop. The trickiest part of getting encrypted cable/satellite feeds into the HTPC is just now becoming doable, and feeding streaming or already-downloaded content to your TV is often made easy by the fact that a lot of existing hardware (consoles, Blu-ray players, and even TVs) can do it out of the box.
The fact that HTPC-like capabilities now come bundled with so many home theater products makes the HTPC that much harder to place in today's media center. Think about the problem in light of the four typical tasks of a HTPC: timeshifting/recording live TV (via over-the-air [OTA], cable, or satellite), Blu-ray and DVD playback, streaming online content, and playing back previously downloaded content. If your existing equipment can do all or most of this already, or if one or two new special-purpose boxes are cheaper than an HTPC, why would one bother?
Four tasks, one device
The reality is that most HTPC builders are technically inclined people, and they're often representative of a segment of consumers that does want to handle HTPC-type tasks in a single device. Devices such as the WD HD TV Live, Popcorn Hour, Apple TV, Boxee Box, all do parts of this job very well, but some parts not at all (such as Blu-ray playback). The DVR from your cable or satellite company (or that TiVo still laying around?) that does timeshifting/recording of live TV so well doesn't handling streaming or separately downloaded content so well. And similar limitations affect gaming consoles such as the Microsoft Xbox 360, Sony PlayStation 3, and Nintendo Wii. The PS3 is perhaps the most capable of the bunch with its internal Blu-ray drive, but it still doesn't do timeshifting/recording of live TV, and storage on a PS3 is not that cheap.
So at the end of 2010, the HTPC has mainly become a geek endeavor. Doing everything with one box rather than two, three, or four of them—what geek wouldn't want that?
The HTPC also adds in some potential additional capabilities—gaming, photo editing, complete home media hub, etc.—beyond the four key ones we've described, although now we're getting a little more complicated than what can be easily discussed in a single guide.
Either way, the HTPC exists out of both need and the fact that it's kind of cool.
What we cover
We cover two key boxes in this guide: the All-In-One, and the Back-End, with varieties for a light-weight front-end.
The All-In-One places everything in a single set-top box. The Back-End is designed to be bigger, to store more content, and maybe to have to worry a little less about noise and appearance. As a back-end, it can also interface to devices other than your HTPC, depending on what software you use and what set-top device you have. Feeding content to an existing PS3 or Boxee is one very possible route, especially if you decide you do not need the full abilities of the classic HTPC.
Extensive discussion on devices such as the Boxee Box, WD HD TV Live, Popcorn Hour, Apple TV, and the like are simply too much to cover in one guide. We've used several of these, and for what they do, most work quite well. They just don't do everything that a good HTPC does, and they're not guaranteed to be able to play any format you throw at them.
Multiple HTPC front-ends exist. The couch-friendly, 10-foot user interface is key to comfortable use for most, even with a nice 1080p TV like the massive 60" Kuro 2 plasma sitting in Hannibal's media room.
Common front-ends include Windows 7 Home Premium (or Ultimate) with its media center edition (MCE) front-end, XMBC, Media Portal, MeediOS, MythTV, GB-PVR, and a ton of others. On the Ars forums and in the Orbiting HQ, Windows 7 and XBMC seem to dominate, although that's not exactly a representative survey of the population at large.
For the back-end, several of these work well, plus Windows Home Server with the Power Pack 3 does a semi-decent job of integration with the capable WHS platform.
While we do not have an official recommendation, we have spent enough time using Windows 7's interface to be happy with it, and enough previous time with XBMC and MythTV to know they work well.


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[Guest Post] Supply-side murder control?
This is the first in a series of guest posts from Peter Wagner of the Prison Policy Initiative. These will be short posts on a range of criminal justice topics (not just prison legal issues) that I hope will spark discussion. All opinions are his, etc.
by Peter Wagner
The National Rifle Association is concerned that we aren't using enough guns. An article in today's New York Times explains that the National Rifle Association is pushing back against efforts to control gun ownership and use by advancing "Stand Your Ground" laws that actually encourage people to use their weapons. The laws expand the self-defense doctrine to make it easier for someone to shoot another person and claim "self-defense". These laws are in the news due to the Trayvon Martin case, where an unarmed 17-year-old African-American was shot and killed by a Neighborhood Watch leader in Florida. Last night, after 6 weeks, the prosecutor finally announced that murder charges are being filed.
The NRA bumpersticker declares that guns aren't the problem: "Guns don't kill people, People kill people". But it's hard to deny that guns are facilitating the result. Internationally, the evidence is clear that nations with higher gun availability have higher gun homicide rates. (See page 43 of this UN report for a fascinating, if overly academic, chart showing the clear correlation.)
Within the U.S., the historical trend is quite clear. Check out this graph that matches the number of handgun homicides each year with the number of handguns produced:
The gun lobby would rather not talk about the correlation between the production of handguns and dying. The evidence there is clear. So the question, then, is whether the gun lobby is trying to distract from the problems that guns cause, or are they trying to create them?
The author is Executive Director of the Prison Policy Initiative. This article is one in a series of short articles exploring under-discussed facts about the criminal justice system.
4 Responses
[…] Wagner has a new guest post on the Prison Law Blog, Supply-side murder control?, about the gun lobby's support for laws like "Stand Your Ground" and the connection between handgun […]
[…] Law Blog, a blog I enjoy very much, today posts the following graph to support the proposition that guns "cause" homicide, in the sense […]
I'm not sure this graph says what you argue it says, Peter. The peaks aren't aligned in a way that would suggest causality. Rather, the homicide rates peak before the production rates. I don't think you were trying to suggest that gun manufacturers are responding to gun murderers' demands.


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What is this?
BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System.
It refers to a piece of firmware which is run when powered on. Its primary functions are to identify and initiate component hardware, and to prepare the computer so that other programs can load.
What does it fix?
Improved system stability.
Manual installation instructions
1. Exit all running programs.
2. Download this update and save it to your hard drive.
3. When the download is completed, locate the downloaded file inthe location you specified.
4. Double-click EP0000557108.exe to run it.
5. Wait while the wizard updates your software.
6. When the installation is complete, restart the VAIO.
File Info
File Name
- EP0000557108.exe
File architecture
- 64 bit
File Size
- 3.95 Mb
Release Date
- 21-61-2012


text:
Sr. Night Free Downloads 2-1-19
Click on the image to enlarge to X3 before saving to your computer.Then right click on the image to save. Gallery is unlocked for printing. All images should print as 4 x 6 as shown,larger prints will need to be cropped when printed. There is a also a share button and download button below the picture .Read More
19 / 39


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Eclipse Banking Day in London
Eclipse Banking Day is a day-long event for senior technical developers, architects and managers in the finance industry to learn how to better leverage Eclipse technology and the Eclipse community as part of their development strategy. The event will focus on three themes:
- Eclipse as a platform for application development;
- Leveraging Eclipse modeling technology for data exchange; and
- Collaborating with the open source community.
Attendees will have the chance to hear speakers from leading financial institutions and experts from the Eclipse community. This event builds on the success of Eclipse Banking Days in New York and Frankfurt.
Attendees must be employees or contractors of a financial institution. There is no cost to attend but pre-registration is required.
Please note registration is now closed.
Date & Location
February 12, 2009
etc.venues - The Hatton
Diamond Rooms - First Floor
51-53 Hatton Garden
Attendee Registration
All attendees must pre-register for this event. There is no cost to register but space is limited, so we suggest you register early. To register, please send an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com. Attendees must be an employee or contractor of a financial institution, so please use your corporate e-mail address to send the registration request.
Registration is now closed for this event.
Registered Attendees
- Ian Skerrett, Eclipse Foundation
- Mike Milinkovich, Eclipse Foundation
- Neil Bartlett
- Tas Frangoullides
- Aleksey Aristov, Weigle Wilczek
- Leslie Jarrett, Bank of East Asia
- Jeremy Nelson, J.P. Morgan
- Mica Block, Actuate
- Ferran Rodenas, la Caixa
- Alex Blewitt, Goldman Sachs
- David Scott, Barclays
- Iain Shepherd, RBS Global Banking
- Mark Kralj-Taylor, Morgan Stanley
- Channing Walton, UBS
- Lance Walton, UBS
- Miles Daffin, Morgan Stanley
- Yuri Schimke, Bank of America
- Tony Tsui, You Devise
- Stephen Lum, Calyon
- Andreas Nilsson, Goldman Sachs
- Dez Udezue, Goldman Sachs
- Ian Salter, J.P. Morgan
- David Watkins, UBS
- Christian Sarrasin, Goldman Sachs
- Ruslan Khafizov, UBS
- Benoit Xhenseval, Appendium Ltd.
- Andre Shergin, ACE Insurance
- Joseph Walton, CMC Markets
- Adrian Miller, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ
- Gabriel Bezas, RBS Global Banking
- Ian Dennis, Barclays
- Chris Burfoot, J.P. Morgan
- Krisztián Zsolt Sallai, IND Group
- Gábor Gyenes, IND Group
- Hakim George, RBS Global Banking
- Nathan Coast, Deutsche Bank
- Toby Shepheard, Merrill Lynch / Bank of America
- Stefaan Wuytack, Isabel
- Tom Vleminckx, Isabel
- Koen Serry, Isabel
- Dave Sturgeon, Deutsche Bank
- Rob Hayes, J.P. Morgan
- Vincent De Baere, Isabel
- Jiwan Singh, Accenture
- Richard Gomes, JQuantLib
- Kurt Ebert, itemis
- Tharani Sim, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ
- Shanmuga Sundaram Nagajaran, Fidelity Investments
- Matt Goldspink, Morgan Stanley
- Adam Wilkinson, J.P. Morgan
- Ian McCall, J.P. Morgan
- Abhi Akhawe, Accenture
- Maurizio Greco, Finantix
- Matteo De Marchi, Finantix
- Gerald Gassner, knowis AG
- Christian Sternkopf, knowis AGra
- Alec Brown, Liquid Capital
- Nick Burman, Standard Bank
- Patrick Galvin, Deutsche Bank
- Grzegorz Bialek, Sygnity
- Mitch Sonies, Cloudsmith
- Henrik Lindberg, Cloudsmith
- Chris Horn, Cloudsmith
- Santhakumar Rajasekar, Dresdner Kleinwort
- Sven Efftinge, itemis
- Joern Weigle, Weigle Wilczek
- Richard Hammond, Actuate
- Michal Mazur, Sygnity
- Pete Suggitt, UBS
- Jonathan Levi, Barclays
- Adam Saunders, Actuate
- Mark Boardman, Actuate
- Eugene Cross, Barclays
- Prabhoo Janabalan, Royal Bank of Scotland
- Richard Martyres, Royal Bank of Scotland
- Wai-Ying Rowntree, Royal Bank of Canada
- Chris Sassons, Fitch Ratings
- Stepan Kruglikov, The Risk Management Group
- David Turner, UBS
- Ian Thain, Sybase
- Sebastian Moss, Murex
- Ravi Billimoria, Metavante
- Andrey Pereverzin, Metavante
- Peter Day, d-fine Ltd.
- Sandrine Pinel, UBS
- Franco Ricaldone, Instream Services
- Matthew Pendrey, J.P. Morgan
- Dan Pollitt, J.P. Morgan
- Kevin Leahy, J.P. Morgan
- Henry Grippa, Arctic Lake
- Warren Hughes, Deutsche Bank


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Buttons Galore Commencement Sparkletz contains a combination of sequin shapes, flat back drops, and faceted gems. Use in shaker cards, greeting cards, scrapbook pages, paper crafts, jewelry, home decor, and any other craft project. Colors are: black, clear, and iridescent clear. Package contains 10-15 grams of product.


text:
Monday, December 6, 2010
Broccoli and Cheddar Soup
A soup to brighten gray and foggy days.
From the kitchen of One Perfect Bite...The hillside into which our house is built is no stranger to fog. Normally, it burns away and we can go about our business in an unhampered fashion. Occasionally, the fog refuses to lift and we are marooned, at least until our driveway, which was not designed for the feint of heart, is visible again. That happened last week. We were buried in a fog so thick you could cut it with a knife. Trite but true. Save for missing fog horns, I'd have sworn I was on the coast of Maine. The sheer grayness of the day demanded counter measures. With a fire lit and loaves on the rise, I decided to make a soup du jour. I played with the idea of making a pea soup, but our fog lacked the characteristic yellow color of a true pea souper, and I wasn't sure the Silver Fox, who was suffering from cabin fever, would appreciate my humor. I still had broccoli and, because we always have a ready supply of cheese, I knew where I was going. I had to be a bit inventive because a lack of cream precluded using my usual recipe for a broccoli and cheese soup. The soup I came up with was easy to make and surprisingly good. The recipe is straight forward and you can't go wrong unless you allow the soup to boil once the cheese has been added to the pot. The cheese will break and curdle and, while that won't affect taste, it's not a pretty sight. While the soup can be reheated, it's best eaten the day it's made. If it becomes too thick, use additional chicken broth to thin it out a bit. This is a very nice soup and I think you'll enjoy it. Here's the recipe.
Broccoli and Cheddar Soup...from the kitchen of One Perfect Bite
1 pound of fresh broccoli florets
4 tablespoons butter
1/3 cup finely chopped carrot
2/3 cup finely chopped onion
6 cups chicken broth, divided
1/2 cup flour
3 cups whole milk
1/8 teaspoon garlic powder
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon freshly ground pepper
8 ounces Colby cheese, shredded
4 ounces sharp Cheddar, shredded
1) Melt butter in a large saucepan set over over medium heat. Add onions and carrots and saute for 5-6 minutes, or until vegetables are tender.
2) Add 2 cups chicken broth to pan and heat until boiling. Add broccoli and cook, covered, until broccoli is tender, about 5 to 6 minutes. Using a spoon, break broccoli into small pieces. Reduce heat to low. Add remaining 4 cups chicken broth to pot.
3) Mix flour and milk in a small bowl and whisk until smooth. Add mixture to pot. Add garlic powder, salt, and pepper. Continue cooking over low heat until soup thickens - about 5-6 minutes.
4) Add cheese, handfuls at a time, and stir constantly over low heat until smooth and creamy - about 10 minutes. If soup becomes too thick, add additional chicken stock. Do not let soup boil. Serve hot. Yield: 8 servings.
You might also enjoy these recipes:
Creamy Butternut Squash Soup - Taste and Tell
Creamy Mushroom Soup - Really Hungry
Spicy Southwestern Turkey Soup - A Spoonful of Thyme
Matzo Ball and Hanukkah Soup Recipes - Seriously Soupy
Italian Wedding Soup - Kalofagas
Minestra di Pasta e Fagioli, or Pasta and Bean Soup - La Bella Vita
56 comments :
- Valerie Harrison (bellini) said...
This is one of the first soups I sould get my daughter to eat beyond Lipton Chicken Noodle.
- December 6, 2010 at 10:13 AM
- From the Kitchen said...
A roaring fire, a good book and a bowl of this soup would make me welcome a foggy day. However, I could substitute snow for the fog. I'm making a grocery list and will add some additional broccoli and a few sharp cheeses. Oh, and some yeast.
- December 6, 2010 at 10:21 AM
- Jenn @ Peas and Crayons said...
mmmm my mom used to make me a similar soup. comfort food to the MAX! The recipe looks perfect! =)
Jenn @ Peas & Crayons
- December 6, 2010 at 10:22 AM
- StephenC said...
Once again your chef skills leap out at us. By the way, does the Silver Fox have a pet name for you?
- December 6, 2010 at 10:28 AM
- Priya Suresh said...
Wat a filling, delectable and comforting soup..
- December 6, 2010 at 10:39 AM
- Umm Mymoonah said...
This is again perfect bowl of soup with broccoli.
- December 6, 2010 at 10:41 AM
- Ushnish Ghosh said...
Dear Mary
How are you?
Wonderful soup. I can make it. I checked, all the ingredients are available in India, except Colby cheese. I shall try it soon.
Have a look at my Kerala ( India) trip blog. I am sure you will like it.
have a nice week
- December 6, 2010 at 10:44 AM
- PeggyR said...
We love Broccoli and Chedder Soup. I've neve rhad it with carrot in it though.
- December 6, 2010 at 10:54 AM
- Southerncook said...
Mary, I love a good Broccoli and Cheddar Soup but rarely prepare it since DH won't touch broccoli. I think I will have to make this recipe for just little ole' me. It looks and sound delicious.
Carolyn/A Southerners Notebook
- December 6, 2010 at 10:57 AM
- Katerina said...
This soup Mary is ideal for the weather depicted in this picture. Nothing more comforting than that.
- December 6, 2010 at 10:57 AM
- whozyerdanny said...
- December 6, 2010 at 11:14 AM
- Pam said...
I love cheesy broccoli soup - it would be perfect for this cold and rainy day.
- December 6, 2010 at 11:26 AM
- Sanyukta Gour(Bayes) said...
looks yum,delicious n amazing....lovely color...inviting me to have some...hearty n healthy
- December 6, 2010 at 11:27 AM
- Cathy said...
Broccoli-cheese is one of my favorite soups. I've made my recipe for years and it's about time I tried something new. This looks delish, Mary.
- December 6, 2010 at 11:36 AM
- Jeannie said...
I get the chill just looking at the fog in the photo! A great day for soup to warm up indeed! Looks delicious!
- December 6, 2010 at 11:55 AM
- Tasha said...
A perfect, comforting soup for such dreary weather!
- December 6, 2010 at 12:05 PM
- Jennifer said...
I have been loving the weather here in Oregon, makes me want to stay inside and cook! I love cheese and anything soup and this looks right up my alley!
- December 6, 2010 at 12:36 PM
- teresa said...
even with as foggy as it is, that's such a beautiful picture! the soup looks just perfect for a day like that, i think broccoli is lovely in soups!
- December 6, 2010 at 12:42 PM
- The Words Crafter said...
I've never made it from scratch *ducking head in shame* but I will try this. I love broccoli and cheddar soup.
It would be perfect here today...
- December 6, 2010 at 12:45 PM
- Maria said...
Great soup for winter time.
- December 6, 2010 at 12:54 PM
- aipi said...
Creme of broccoli soup is one of my favorite comfort soups. So creamy and yummy. Great recipe.Thanks for sharing!
US Masala
- December 6, 2010 at 1:06 PM
- Monica said...
I'm making this one tonight! My son LOVES Broccoli and Cheddar soup!
- December 6, 2010 at 1:43 PM
- Flavia Galasso said...
This is a perfect comfort food for these winter days...hugs, Flavia
- December 6, 2010 at 1:49 PM
- Elin Chia said...
Mary, my gal would love this broccoli & cheddar soup.Thanks for sharing this lovely soup. Have bookmarked it:)
Have a nice day,
- December 6, 2010 at 1:52 PM
- Ocean Breezes and Country Sneezes said...
Mmm, sounds delicious, I could go for a bowl now, especially with that Artic blast roaring down the East Coast!
- December 6, 2010 at 2:15 PM
- Rachana said...
A delicious Soup for the winter time :-)
- December 6, 2010 at 2:37 PM
- ann said...
My family loves the Broccoli Cheddar soup at panera. This looks so good. I'm going to have to try this.
- December 6, 2010 at 2:39 PM
- The Blonde Duck said...
Ben would love this!
- December 6, 2010 at 3:28 PM
- Cherine said...
It's soup season now and I would really like to try this tasty soup!
- December 6, 2010 at 3:49 PM
- Diane said...
This is one of my favourites thanks for reminding me. I have not had it for ages. Diane
- December 6, 2010 at 4:31 PM
- Carol said...
One of our most favorite soups! Looks delicious, can't wait to try this one, we have cold and windy weather tonight, and I have all the ingredients on hand! THANKS!
- December 6, 2010 at 4:50 PM
- hobby baker Kelly said...
It is definitely soup weather, and we love broccoli cheddar soup. It's been too long since I made it last. Yours looks deliciously cheesy; serious comfort food!
- December 6, 2010 at 5:13 PM
- Emily Z said...
Definitely a comforting soup for these colder days. Your photo of the outdoors chills me to the bone!
- December 6, 2010 at 5:33 PM
- Ginny Hartzler said...
A wonderful fog picture! I'm glad you didn't have pea soup fog, because I don't like pea soup, but I adore broccoli-cheddar. I make my recipe almopst exactly like this. I make it low fat, and even with 2% or 1% milk, it still tastes good!
- December 6, 2010 at 5:50 PM
- Karen said...
Okay, eating this right now. AWESOME! I'm vegetarian, so I subbed veggie stock for the chicken. My cheeses are Mo'Jack and NY Cheddar (what I had on hand) and the milk is 1% (what he had on hand). The soup came about because I had to get the broccoli out of the garden tonight before it froze.
To counteract that ugly gray/brown you get with with veggie stock, I sprinkled in my latest obsession, TURMERIC! Very yummy soup. With fresh-baked bread.
- December 6, 2010 at 6:49 PM
- Mary Bergfeld said...
Karen, I'm so glad you liked the soup. It really is tast and I'm impressed with the changes you were able to make to it. Have a great evening. Blessings...Mary
- December 6, 2010 at 7:08 PM
- SmilingSally said...
This is the perfect day for some hot soup, Mary.
- December 6, 2010 at 7:51 PM
- Kim said...
I totally agree. This soup is perfect for these autumn days. But I'm perfectly sure that it's even better in these wintery days of ours!
- December 6, 2010 at 8:03 PM
- Unknown said...
This combination is one of my all time favorites in a soup, I could eat this every week! Thanks for sharing your recipe, you never know when the fog will bring out the creativity;)
- December 6, 2010 at 9:01 PM
- What's next said...
I'm excited to try this, LOVE broccoli cheese soup!
- December 6, 2010 at 9:05 PM
- ♥ Kathy said...
Oh, I love that first picture Mary! As for the soup, everything's better with cheddar :D
- December 6, 2010 at 9:06 PM
- Julie said...
This sounds like a fabulous soup to warm you up on a cold day. And possibly sneak some broccoli into some people who might not ordinarily eat it :)
- December 6, 2010 at 9:23 PM
- Vittle me this... said...
that looks so tasty and warm! I need something warm like that in the city right now!
- December 6, 2010 at 9:36 PM
- penny aka jeroxie said...
What a heavy fog! How do you cope with it.
- December 6, 2010 at 9:49 PM
- Foley said...
My fav soup - I've always made Panera's recipe but will have to give yours a try! Looks wonderful.. the fog photo is beautiful!
- December 6, 2010 at 10:00 PM
- Pondside said...
We love a good cheesy broccoli soup - I must try this one.
- December 6, 2010 at 10:32 PM
- Amy at TheSceneFromMe said...
Yummy! A great hearty soup for a very chilly day!
- December 6, 2010 at 10:50 PM
- Nina Timm said...
I love winter so that first image is making me yearn for a ice cold nose from walking outside and this delicious soup!!!
- December 6, 2010 at 11:01 PM
- Krista said...
My family adores broccoli and cheese soup. It's a winter staple here. Your's looks absolutely delicious!
Happy Holidays!
- December 6, 2010 at 11:14 PM
- Bakericious said...
I felt freezed when look at your 1st photo and feel immediately warm imagine I am drinking your broccoli and cheddar soup :)
- December 6, 2010 at 11:21 PM
- Juliana said...
Mary, the soup sure will brighten the day...looks so tasty and comforting :-) Great photots!
- December 7, 2010 at 12:11 AM
- Banana Wonder said...
Love the foggy picture. It actually makes me love Oregon even more! Love broccoli soup too. Yum!
- December 7, 2010 at 3:03 AM
- Sanjeeta kk said...
Love the first click, Mary. The soup is just perfect for the winter.
- December 7, 2010 at 4:14 AM
- Claudia said...
I love this soup in all it's different formations and will definitely add this to my rotation. My family dances in the hallway upon arrival wehn I tell them broccoli-cheddar soup will soon be served.
- December 7, 2010 at 11:30 AM
- Really Hungry said...
My husband's favourite soup is brocolli and stilton so I must try this one out. Thank you so much for the link, btw!
- December 7, 2010 at 4:55 PM
- Carol said...
I made your soup a few days ago and we loved it! Thanks for another great recipe!
- December 16, 2010 at 5:56 PM


text:
Ever wanted to know your chance of catching Pokemon? Enter in the Pokemon and Pokeball you wish to use. See the catch chance change under different mixes of Pokemon level, berries and Pokeballs. Min and max catch chances are shown either side of the slider. Detailed explanation below.
On a difficult Pokemon like a high level Charizard, fully empowering your throws can increase catch chance over 15 times compared to a basic Pokeball.
Catch chance increases with Pokeball Type, Curve Balls, Razzberries, Type Medals, and the size of the coloured ring when you throw the ball (smaller is better). Each of these effects has its own multiplier (shown immediately above) and they all multiply together to achieve the Total Multiplier. This total multiplier multiplies the chance that the Pokemon stays captured.
Note that Pokemon encountered after a raid are always level 20 Pokemon.
The size of the ring and whether you curve ball will not affect the colour of the ring, but all of the above factors do affect the catch chance.
Higher level Pokemon are more difficult to catch and some species are just more difficult to catch because they have a lower "base catch rate", see all Pokemon and their base rates at Pokemon Stats.
If you don't capture the Pokemon, each species has a chance to flee.
The multi-throw catch chance graph shows the probability that you have caught the Pokemon after X number of throws. It makes no adjustment for the chance to flee of each Pokemon since by definition, if you have a chance to throw a 14th ball, the Pokemon has not yet fled. The multi-throw graph exemplifies how beneficial it is to stack as many multipliers as possible over many throws, particularly for legendary raids.
The catch chance benefit of throwing a curve ball is better than throwing a great ball and almost as good as an ultra ball, always curve ball.
The catch chance benefit of throwing the ball when the circle size is at its minimum is as good as throwing an ultra ball, both will about double your catch chance and together, quadruple it.
If it's just a Pidgey or Weedle and your circle is already pretty green, don't worry about its size. Go for an easy 10-50XP with a Nice/Great throw since you don't need a big catch chance boost from a small circle.
Play around with the calculator and come to your own conclusions :)
The colour of the rings in this tool match exactly the colours in game thanks to some stunning research by u/dondon151.
Ring size calculation is still tentative but accurate to a reasonably large sample size thanks to a lot of work by u/RhyniD.
The science on catch chance isn't 100% complete, but for what we know right now, this tool is accurate:
Final Chance = 1 - ( 1 - Level Chance) ^ (BallMulti * CurveMulti * BerryMulti * SizeMulti * MedalMulti)
Level Chance = 50% / CPMulti(Level) * Base Species Chance
The SizeMulti increase from 1 to 2 as the coloured ring's size decreases relative to the grey ring.
The CurveMulti increase from 1 to 1.7 if the trainer curves the throw.
The BallMulti increases from 1 -> 1.5 -> 2 as the trainer uses better balls.
The BerryMulti increases from 1 -> 1.5 -> 2.5 if the trainer uses RazzBerries or their golden variety.
If you like Poke Assistant and the free services it provides, the best thing you can do to give back is to recommend it:


text:
Euclidean Algorithm
|Euclidean Algorithm
Euclidean Algorithm
- About 2000 years ago, Euclid, one of the greatest mathematician of Greece, devised a fairly simple and efficient algorithm to determine the greatest common divisor of two integers, which is now considered as one of the most efficient and well-known early algorithms in the world. The Euclidean algorithm hasn't changed in 2000 years and has always been the the basis of Euclid's number theory.
This image shows Euclid's method to find the greatest common divisor of two integers. The greatest common divisor of two numbers a and b is the largest integer that divides the numbers without a remainder.
- 1 Basic Description
- 2 A More Mathematical Explanation
- 3 Extended Euclidean Algorithm
- 4 Efficiency
- 5 Why It's Interesting
- 6 Teaching Materials
- 7 References
- 8 Future Directions for this Page
Basic Description
When asked to find the gcd of two integers, a possible way is to prime factor each integer and see which factors are common between the two, or we could simply try different numbers and see which number works. However, both approaches could be very complicated and time consuming as the two integers become relatively large.
Euclidean algorithm (also known as Euclid's algorithm) describes a procedure for finding the greatest common divisor of two positive integers. This method is recorded in Euclid's Elements Book VII. This book contains the foundation of number theory for which Euclid is famous.
An example of the method is shown in the image. First, use the smaller integer of the two, 36, to divide the bigger one, 52. Use the remainder of this division, 16, to divide 36 and you get the remainder 4. Now divide the last divisor, 16, by 4 and you find that they divide exactly. Therefore, 4 is the greatest common divisor. For every two integers, you will get the gcd by repeating the same process until there is no remainder
The Euclidean algorithm comes in handy with computers because large numbers are hard to factor but relatively easy to divide.
A More Mathematical Explanation
- Note: understanding of this explanation requires: *Number Theory, Algebra
The Description of Euclidean Algorithm
Mathematical definitions and their abbreviations
- ' [...]
The Description of Euclidean Algorithm
Mathematical definitions and their abbreviations
- a mod b is the remainder when a is divided by b (where mod = modulo).
- Example: 7 mod 4 = 3; 4 mod 2 = 0; 5 mod 9 = 5
- a b means a divides b exactly or b is divided by a without any remainder.
- Example: 3 6 ; 4 16
- gcd means the greatest common divisor, also called the greatest common factor (gcf), the highest common factor (hcf), and the greatest common measure (gcm).
- gcd(a, b) means the gcd of two positive integers a and b; (a, b) is another notation for gcd(a, b).
Keep those abbreviations in mind; you will see them a lot later.
The Euclidean Algorithm is based on the following theorem:
- Theorem: where and .
- Proof:
- Since , could be denoted as with .
- Then the remainder .
- Assume is a common divisor of and , thus , or we could write them as
- Because ,
- , so we know .
- Therefore is also a common divisor of .
- Hence, the common divisors of and are the same.
- In other words, and have the same common divisors, and so they have the same greatest common divisor.
The description of the Euclidean algorithm is as follows:
- Input two positive integers, a,b (a > b)
- Output g, the gcd of a, b
- Internal Computation
- Divide a by b and get the remainder r.
- If r=0, report b as the gcd of a and b. If r 0, replace a by b and replace b by r. Go back to the previous step.
The algorithm process is like this:
- ... ...
To sum up,
is the gcd of a and b.
Note: The Euclidean algorithm is iterative, meaning that the next step is repeated using the result from the last step until it reaches the end.
An example will make the Euclidean algorithm clearer. Let's say we want to know the gcd of 168 and 64.
In this case, a = 168, b = 64. Start writing the first equation:
168 = 2 64 + 40
- (Try to find the greatest possible coefficient (integer) for quotient 64. Couldn't be 1 because the remainder has to be smaller than then quotient 64. Couldn't be 3 otherwise it is greater than 168. So it turns out to be 2 and the remainder is 40.)
64 = 1 40 + 24
- (Get the remainder 40 from the last equation. . Use it as the quotient for this second equation. By analog, find the coefficient for 40 and the remainder.)
40 = 1 24 + 16
24 = 1 16 + 8
16 = 2 8
(168, 64) = (64, 24) = (24, 16) = (16, 8)
Therefore, 8 is the gcd of 168 and 64.
- Here's an applet for you to play around with finding the gcd by using the Euclidean algorithm.
Proof of the Euclidean Algorithm
Modern Proof
- Proving That It Is A Common Divisor
In order to prove that Euclidean algorithm works, the first thing is to show that the number we get from this algorithm is a common divisor of a and b. Recall that
Based on the last equation Eq. n+1, we substitute with in Eq. n such that
Thus we have .
From the equation before those two Eq. n-1, we repeat the steps we did just now: .
Now we know .
Continue this process and we will find that , so , the number we get from Euclidean algorithm, is indeed a common divisor of a and b.
- Proving That It Is The Greatest
Second, we need to show that is the greatest among all the common divisors of a and b. To show that is the greatest, let's assume that there is another common divisor of a and b, d, where d is a positive integer. Then we could rewrite a and b as a = dm , b = dn, where m and n are also positive integers. This second part of the proof is going to be similar to the first part because they both repeat the same steps and eventually get the result, but this time we start from the first equation of the Euclidean algorithm Eq. 1:
We know that . Thus,
, and
(substitute dm for a and dn for b).
Therefore, . Let .
Consider the second equation Eq. 2. Solve for in the same way.
We know that . Thus,
, and
Therefore, .
Continuing the process until we reach the last equation Eq. n, we will get . Since we pick d to represent any possible common divisor of a and b except means that divides any other common divisor of a and b, meaning that must be greater than all the other common divisors. Therefore, the number we get from the Euclidean Algorithm, , is indeed the greatest common divisor of a and b.
Euclid's Proof
Now let's look at Euclid's proof. Since Euclid's method of finding the gcd is based on several definitions, I quote the first 15 definitions in Book VII of his Elements for you.
- 1. A unit is that by virtue of which each of the things that exist is called one.
- 2. A number is a multitude composed of units.
- 3. A number is a part of a number, the less of the greater, when it measures the greater.
- 4. but parts when it does not measure it.
- 5. The greater number is a multiple of the less when it is measured by the less.
- 6. An even number is that which is divisible into two equal parts.
- 7. An odd number is that which is not divisible into two equal parts, or that which differs by an unit from an even number.
- 8. An even-times even number is that which is measured by an even number according to an even number.
- 9. An even-times odd number is that which is measured by an even number according to an odd number.
- 10. An odd-times odd number is that which is measured by an odd number according to an odd number.
- 11. A prime number is that which is measured by an unit alone.
- 12. Numbers prime to one another are those which are measured by an unit alone as a common measure.
- 13. A composite number is that which is measured by some number.
- 14. Numbers composite to one another are those which are measured by some number as a common measure.
- 15. A number is said to multiply a number when that which is multiplied is added to itself as many times as there are units in the other, and thus some number is produced.[1]
Editor's Note:
- In a nutshell, Euclid's one unit is the number 1 in algebra. He uses lines to represent numbers; the longer the line the greater the number.
- In Def.3, "measure" means "divide."
Proposition 1. (See Image 1)
- Two unequal numbers being set out, and the less being continually subtracted in turn from the greater, if the number which is left never measures the one before it until an unit is left, the original numbers will be prime to one another.
- For, the less of two unequal numbers AB, CD being continually subtracted from the greater, let the number which is left never measure the one before it until an unit is left;
I say that AB, CD are prime to one another, that is, that an unit alone measures AB, CD.
- For, if AB, CD are not prime to one another, some number will measure them.
- Let a number measure them, and let it be E; let CD, measuring BF, leave FA less then itself,
let, AF measuring DG, leave GC less than itself, and let GC, measuring FH, leave an unit HA.
- Since, then, E measures CD, and CD measure BF, therefore E also measures BF.
- But it also measures the whole BA;
therefore it will also measure the remainder AF.
- But AF measures DG;
therefore E also measures DG.
- But it also measures the whole DC;
therefore it will also measure the remainder CG.
- But CG measures FH;
therefore E also measures FH.
- But it also measures the whole FA;
therefore it will also measure the remainder, the unit AH, though it is a number: which is impossible.
- Therefore no number will measure the numbers AB, CD; therefore AB, CD are prime to one another. [1] [VII.Def.12] Q.E.D.
Editor's Note :
Here is my translation of Proposition 1.
Euclid wants to show that a and b must be prime to each other if we get 1 left instead of 0. Why?
Recall a > b. Write Euclid's proof in equations and we will get:
Assume a and b have a common measure e with e greater than one. Then e measures or divides r based on the first equation above, and e divides t based on the second equation above. Hence, e divides r and 1, but e cannot divide 1. In other words, 1 cannot be divided by e without any remainder because e is greater than 1. Therefore, a and b are prime to each other.
Proposition 2. (See Image 2)
- Given two numbers not prime to one another, to find their greatest common measure.
- Let AB, CD be the two given numbers not prime to one another.
- Thus it is required to find the greatest common measure of AB, CD.
- If now CD measures AB - and it also measures itself - CD is a common measure of CD, AB.
- And it is manifest that it is also the greatest; for no greater number than CD will measure CD.
- But, if CD does not measure AB, then, the less of the numbers AB, CD being continually subtracted from the greater, some number will be left which will measure the one before it.
- For an unit will not be left; otherwise AB, CD will be prime to one another [VII, I], which is contrary to the hypothesis.
- Therefore, some number will be left which will measure the one before it.
- Now let CD, measuring BE, leave EA less than itself, let EA, measuring DF, leave FC less than itself, and let CF measure AE.
- Since then, CF measures AE, and AE measures DF,
therefore CF will also measure DF.
- But it also measures itself;
therefore it will also measure the whole CD.
- But CD measures BE;
therefore CF also measures BE.
- But it also measures EA;
therefore it will also measure the whole BA.
- But it also measures CD;
therefore CF measures AB, CD.
- Therefore CF is a common measure of AB, CD.
- I sat next that it is also the greatest.
- For, if CF is not the greatest common measure of AB, CD, some number which is greater than CF will measure the numbers AB, CD.
- Let such a number measure them, and let it be G.
- Now, since G measures CD, while CD measures BE, G also measures BE.
- But it also measures the whole BA;
therefore it will also measure the remainder AE.
- But AE measures DF;
therefore G will also measure DF.
- But it also measures the whole DC;
therefore it will also measure the remainder CF, that is, the greater will measure the less: which is impossible.
- Therefore no number which is greater than CF will measure the number AB, CD;
- therefore CF is the greatest common measure of AB, CD.
PORISM. From this it is manifest that, if a number measure two numbers, it will also measure their greatest common measure. [1] Q.E.D
''Editor's Note:
Prop.2 is pretty self-explanatory, proved in a similar way as Prop.1.
Comparing the modern proof with Euclid's proof, it is not hard to notice that the modern proof is more about algebra, while Euclid did his proof of his algorithm using geometry because, at that time, algebra had not been invented yet. However, the main idea is pretty much the same. They both prove that the result is a common divisor first and then show that it is the greatest among all the common divisors.
Extended Euclidean Algorithm
Expand the Euclidean algorithm and you will be able to solve Bézout's identity for x and y where d = gcd(a, b):
Note: Usually either x or y will be negative since a, b and gcd(a, b) are positive and both a and b are usually greater than gcd(a, b).
The description of the extended Euclidean algorithm is:
Input: Two non-negative integers a and b ( ).
Output: d = gcd(a, b) and integers x and y satifying ax + by = d.
- If set and return
- If not, set
- While , do
- Set and return
This linear equation is going to be very complicated with all these notations, so it is much easier to understand with an example:
Solve for integers x and y such that 168x + 64y = 8.
- Apply Euclidean algorithm to compute gcd(168, 64), and we have a list of the following equations:
- Thus gcd(168, 64) = 8. So we know that we can solve for x and y by extended Euclidean algorithm.
- Use the extended Euclidean algorithm to get x and y:
- Do the same steps for the second equation in the list:
- For the first equation in the list, we get
Recall that
- ... ...
Solve for using the second to last equation and we get:
Because by Euclidean algorithm,
Now let's solve for in the same way:
Now you can see gcd(a, b) is expressed by a linear combination of and . If we continue this process by using the previous equations from the list above, we could get a linear combination of and with representing and representing . If we keep going like this till we hit the first equation, we can express gcd(a, b) as a linear combination of a and b, which is what we intend to do.
Euclidean algorithm and extended Euclidean algorithm makes it elegantly easy to compute the two Bézout's coefficients.
How efficient could Euclidean algorithm be? Is it always perfect? Does Euclidean algorithm have shortcomings?
Number of Steps - Lamé's Theorem
Gabriel Lamé is the first person who shows the number of steps required by the Euclidean algorithm. Lamé's theorem states that the number of steps in Euclidean algorithm for gcd(a,b) is at most five times the number of digits of the smaller number b. Thus, the Euclidean algorithm is linear-time in the number of digits in b.
Recall the division equations from the Euclidean algorithm,
- ... ...
We can tell from the equations that the number of steps is with n being the same n as in the division equations. So we want to prove that where k is the number of digits of b.
- a and b are integers and we assume a is bigger than b, so .
- The Fibonacci Numbers are 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ... , where every later number is the sum of the two previous numbers.
- Denote as the nth Fibonacci number (i.e. ).
- All the numbers in the division equations, , are positive integers.
Analyze the division equations and we will have three conclusions:
- couldn't be 0, as otherwise all the remainders would be 0. Hence, .
- We know that . Thus, according to the last equation , should be greater than 1: . Therefore, .
- is an integer, so . Thus, . Since and we have .
Simplify the three conclusions:
According to induction,
A theorem about the lower bound of Fibonacci numbers states that for all integers , it is true that where ( the sum of the Golden Ratio and 1).
Because b has k digits, . Then
- .
Therefore, the number of steps () required by Euclidean algorithm for gcd(a,b) is no more than five times the number of digits of b ().
Shortcomings of the Euclidean Algorithm
The Euclidean algorithm is an ancient but good and simple algorithm to find the gcd of two nonnegative integers; it is well designed both theoretically and practically. Due to its simplicity, it is widely applied in many industries today. However, when dealing with really big integers (prime numbers over 64 digits in particular), finding the right quotients using the Euclidean algorithm adds to the time of computation for modern computers.
Stein's algorithm (also known as the binary GCD algorithm) is also an algorithm to compute the gcd of two nonnegative integers brought forward by J. Stein in 1967. This alternative is made to enhance the efficiency of the Euclidean algorithm, because it replaces complicated division and multiplication in Euclidean algorithm with addition, subtraction and shifts, which make it easier for the CPU to compute large integers.
Stein's algorithm has the following conclusions:
- It is because every number except 0 divides 0 and m is the biggest number that can divide itself.
- If e and f are both even integers, then , because 2 is definitely a common divisor of two even integers.
- If e is even and f is odd, then , because 2 is definitely not a common divisor of an even integer and an odd integer.
- Otherwise both are odd and . According to Euclidean algorithm, the difference of e and f, which is , could also divide . And is an integer because the difference of two odd integers is even. Thus, the gcd of and the smaller one of e is the gcd of e and f.
Based on the three conclusions, Stein's algorithm is described as the following. Note that the inner computation below is actually the same as the three conclusions. We just restate the three conclusions in an "algorithm form."
Input: any two distinctive positive integers with ;
Inner Computation:
- g = 1.
- While both u and v are even integers, do ; ( "while" means both "if" and "iteration until the condition is no longer satisfied" )
- While , do:
- While u is even, do: ;
- While v is even, do: ;
- ;
- If ; else,
- Return .
Steiner's algorithm is designed for large numbers, but we only provide an example with small numbers for convenience.
- ;
- Both u and v are even integers.
- ;
- ;
- ; (u and v are not both even now. Move on to the next step.)
- v is even.
- ,
- v is even.
- u is even.
- u is even.
- u is even.
- ( Because u = 0, condition u > 0 is no longer satisfied. Move on to the next step)
- u is even.
- Return
Now you may have a better understanding of the efficiency of Stein's algorithm, which substitutes divisions with faster operations by exploiting the binary representation that real computers use nowadays.
Why It's Interesting
The Euclidean algorithm is a fundamental algorithm for other mathematical theories and various subjects in different areas. Please see Application of the Euclidean Algorithm to learn more about the Euclidean algorithm.
Teaching Materials
- There are currently no teaching materials for this page. Add teaching materials.
[1] Loy, Jim. Euclid's Algorithm. Retrieved from http://www.jimloy.com/number/euclids.htm.
[2] Wikipedia(Extended Euclidean Algorithm). (n.d.). Extended Euclidean Algorithm. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Euclidean_algorithm.
[3] Artmann, Benno. (1999) '' Euclid-the creation of mathematics.'' New York: Springer-Verlag.
[4] Weisstein, Eric W. Euclidean Algorithm. From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Retrieved from http://mathworld.wolfram.com/EuclideanAlgorithm.html.
[5] Bogomolny, Alexander. Euclid's Algorithm. Retrieved from http://www.cut-the-knot.org/blue/Euclid.shtml.
[6] Health, T.L. (1926) Euclid The Thirteen Books of the Elements. Volume 2, Second Edition. London: Cambridge University Press.
[7] Klappenecker, Andreas. Euclid's Algorithm. Retrieved from http://faculty.cs.tamu.edu/klappi/alg/euclid.pdf.
[8] Ranjan, Desh. Euclid's Algorithm for the Greatest Common Divisor. Retrieved from http://www.cs.nmsu.edu/historical-projects/Projects/EuclidGCD.pdf.
[9] The Euclidean Algorithm. Retrieved from http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~greenfie/gs2004/euclid.html.
[10] Caldwell, Chris K. Euclidean algorithm. Retrieved from http://primes.utm.edu/glossary/xpage/EuclideanAlgorithm.html.
[11] Gallian, Joseph A. (2010) Contemporary Abstract Algebra Seventh Edition. Belmont: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
[12] Milson, Robert. Euclid's Algorithm. Retrieved from http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/EuclidsAlgorithm.html.
[13] Black, Paul E. Binary GCD Algorithm. Retrieved from http://ce.sharif.edu/~ghodsi/ds-alg-dic/HTML/binaryGCD.html.
[14] Wikipedia (Binary GCD Algorithm). (n.d.). Binary GCD Algorithm. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_GCD_algorithm.
[15] Caldwell, Chris K. Lame's Theorem. Retrieved from http://primes.utm.edu/glossary/xpage/LamesTheorem.html.
[16] University of Minnesota. Induction and Recursion. Retrieved from http://www-users.cselabs.umn.edu/classes/Fall-2009/csci2011/lecture35.pdf.
Future Directions for this Page
- More applets or animations of Euclidean algorithm.
- More pictures if possible.
- Worst case of Euclidean algorithm.
Leave a message on the discussion page by clicking the 'discussion' tab at the top of this image page.


text:
ISU hikes tuition about 9 percent
Incoming students at Illinois State University will pay about 9 percent more in tuition beginning next fall, with rates for room and board at the Normal campus about to experience similar hikes.
Board members at ISU passed a resolution Friday morning that increases tuition rates for new, full-time undergraduates from $205 to $224 per credit hour for in-state students and from $428 to $468 for out-of-state undergrads. The university guaranteed rates will not increase for at least four years.
Included in the tuition hike is a $9 per credit hour increase - also to be administered only to new and future students - that will fund an assessment of the university's facilities, technology and infrastructure, ISU spokesman Jay Groves said.
New students additionally will pay $56.91 per credit hour in student fees, a $4.46 increase from the current school year.
The tuition hike and fees amount to an annual estimated increase in cost of $947 for undergraduates from Illinois, according to figures provided by the university.
Undergrads taking a full load of 15 credit hours per semester will be charged $8,987 yearly - a figure that includes tuition and general student fees, but not room and board. Last year's incoming freshman paid approximately $8,040 for a year of the same services.
But board members on Friday also raised residence hall rates by 9.2 percent and dining rates by 11.5 percent, translating to still higher costs for incoming students who will live in residence halls.
Room rates will range from $3,546 for a multiple occupancy room to $6,062 for a super-single suite, with intermediate rates available at various campus housing facilities. Meal plans will range from $3,288 to $4,026.
The room and board rates are not bound by the same four-year guarantee accorded to tuition, Groves said.
Board members on Friday also approved an increase in graduate student tuition rates - by $9 per credit hour for in-state residents and $18 per credit hour for out-of-state students - and a new graduate study program.
The Ph.D. in Nursing degree program, to be offered through the Mennonite College of Nursing, is intended to address the shortage of nurses in the nation today and prepare nurses to conduct research or pursue a research-related career.
Undergraduates also have a new option. Approved Friday was a new bachelor's degree program focused on renewable energy that will be administered through the university's Department of Technology.
Students will be able to choose from two specialties: technology, which would prepare students for manufacturing jobs in ethanol plants or maintenance and operations jobs at wind farms; or economics and public policy, which is more geared for the business side of the operations and legislative initiatives.
Fitzgerald Doubet can be reached at 686-3041 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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