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Most f the reviews we tend to have come back across reveal that the Cryptp soft platform is easy to
Their client service is very efficient. We did a live check and confirmed that they respond at intervals a moment. Moreover, they are available 24/7.
The Cryptp soft app is secure. They need all the mandatory measures in place to make sure data privacy.
The Cryptp soft System is considered by several among the most effective robots within the market nowadays. We have a tendency to realize this robot to perform virtually the same with Bitcoin Rush, another top bitcoin robot. Read the review of Bitcoin Rush for more data?
Cryptp soft registration method is straightforward, easy, and secure. You only want but 10 minutes to form an account and begin trading. Cryptp soft is a absolutely auto bot and is so accessible to everyone.
You do not want to perceive trading lingo to use Immediate Edge. The following steps can get you started with this robot.
STEP ONE: Fill the Signup type
Visit the Cryptp soft home page and register your name, phone number, and email in the provided kind. You will be asked to verify your phone variety via a text code and email through a link. CryptoVibes will ascertain that the Cryptp soft registration process is secure.
Their web site is SSL secured to confirm that hackers cannot steal personal information submitted through it. Cryptp soft cyber safety policy states that they're GDPR adherent. This suggests that they handle your knowledge with strict privacy.
STEP TWO: Get matched with a broker
The Cryptp soft Software then matches you with one in every of their partner brokers. The role of the broker is to receive deposits and facilitate transactions. We have a tendency to have determined that Cryptp soft only partners with regulated brokers.
With a regulated broker, they guarantee that your cash is safe. Reputable regulators such as the FCA, FSB, ASIC, and CySEC need brokers to segregate deposits and submit periodic reports on deposit usage.
You wold like a deposit of a minimum of $250 to trade with Immediate Edge. Do not confuse this quantity with the value of the robot. Cryptp soft does not need any license fee. The house owners of this robot build money by charging a small commission on the profits generated through the app
Deposits with Cryptp soft should be created through Wire Transfer, Visa, and MasterCard. It takes a few seconds for a deposit to reflect in an exceedingly trader's account. Cryptp soft does not charge any deposit fees.
The Cryptp soft does provide a demo account to help traders familiarize themselves with its web-trader. CryptoVibes recommends that you are doing demo trading before going to live to trade. Please note that the demo is for demonstrative purposes solely.
The results you receive on the platform are primarily based on historical information and could therefore not mirror what you'll get in live trading.
The Cryptp soft live trader comes with features to help you outline the amount of risk you are willing to require per trade. You wish to go through the demo account to familiarize with these features. As mentioned severally in this review, you do not want specialized skills to use this robot.
Live trading with Cryptp soft involves determining the quantity of capital you plan to risk per trade and clicking the live button. Scan our review of Bitcoin Trader for one more straightforward to use the robot.
*Remember all trading risks and you shouldn't risk more then you'll be able to afford to lose.
How to get the most out of Cryptp soft App
We have identified the following tips as paramount in guaranteeing that you make the most of Immediate Edge.
Begin with a deposit of $250 – Given the level of risk involved in trading with Immediate Edge, you should start with a tiny investment.
Follow crypto market news – You need to determine the type of reports that drives volatility high and capitalize on them. Cryptp soft claims to form the foremost profits throughout high market volatility.
Trade for eight hours per day – In keeping with Immediate Edge, trading for at least eight hours per day can help maximize profits. Cryptp soft is entirely auto, and hence you'll be able to leave the robot running as you continue together with your daily errands. You are doing not want more than twenty minutes per day to observe your account.
Close trading sessions at the tip of the day – Leaving open positions overnight is doubtless to translate to losses since the markets can change considerably overnight. It is better to shut sessions even if in the negative and start trading again the subsequent day. With a correct risk management strategy, there is no would like to fret concerning periodic losses.
Following our review we tend to realize Cryptp soft to be legit. But, traders ought to take additional caution, provided that this bot comes at a degree of risk. Whereas the app claims it's potential to form profits of up to 50percent per day, you'll be able to additionally lose the complete deposit inside seconds. This is often not sudden for a high-frequency trading robot.
We recommend that you just apply the required risk management measures. As a rule of thumb don't risk more than 10percent of your trading capital per trade. Also, never trade with an amount you cannot afford to lose. It is prudent to start small and add cash as you get conversant with the various features on the platform.
Recently, a brand new trading software was added to the bitcoin investment trade. This software is termed Cryptp soft and it is allegedly created by a corporation or organization called the International Council for Bitcoin.
There is additionally a letter out there on their web site that has been signed by someone named David. This person claims to own earned over 1,000,000 as a results of investing in bitcoins. What's very shocking concerning this letter is that David claims to have earned that huge quantity in just one trade. If we have a tendency to place it in simple words, David became a millionaire overnight.
We tend to highly doubt that a trading system that has been launched recently will have such potential. To verify the main points of this software and to determine its legitimacy, we have a tendency to conducted our own research and investigation.
Cryptp soft is a bitcoin trading software that's meant to assist newbie traders get involved in Cryptocurrency trading with less risk than ancient investment opportunities. Cryptp soft software was created by The International Council For Bitcoin who is PRO Bitcoin trader Group behind the Cryptp soft software. Notice out all concerning Cryptp soft software by The International Council For Bitcoin.
Cryptp soft Software may be a nice development by a famous, well established and experienced bitcoin trader Investors with a viewpoint to enable traders to perform different tasks with ease and convenience.
Cryptp soft Software is essentially a Binary choices trading software that is designed to assist traders win and predict the Binary options trend of their respective choices. Cryptp soft APP works as a code to urge financial success, shows traders how they'll make money on-line, helps them to find different ways in which to induce huge returns on their investment. The Cryptp soft Trading Software additionally provides analyses of Market conditions so that traders will recognize what ought to be their next step. Cryptp soft System gives secret cryptocurrency ways that ultimately help binary traders to create thousands of greenbacks solely for some bucks.
Several individuals can say that Cryptocurrency Trading may be a risky business and tend to remain faraway from it. But from my expertise, high volatility means HIGH RETURN OF INVESTMENT in Crypto Market. But this can be where the Cryptp soft comes into play, the mathematical algorithm used by Cryptp soft Software takes the guesswork out choosing a winning profitable trade. You don't must be an expert. Like I said earlier, I actually have personally tested the Cryptp soft and found the success rate is about ninety sevenpercent. I don't apprehend concerning you, but a ninety seven% probability of earning a profitable trade is TERRIBLY GOOD! I've never come across something like this trading software before. Keep reading, below are my Cryptp soft results for the past week or so…
Watch over the Shoulder of a Professional Each Day and you'll be able to learn as you trade.
Averaging 97% Winning Weeks With Cryptp soft— which suggests that more potential profits for you
Cryptp soft Software Are Fully Transparent
No previous experience with binary choices trading required
Web-based mostly, no need for downloads, additionally works on phones, tablets
You'll be able to Even Watch Cryptp soft Signals From Your Phone (iPhone Users — Photon Browser)
If you are ready to begin making cash online with an on the spot edge, there has never been a better chance than currently. If you enjoy surfing the web for countless hours trying for the next Trading Method Secrets, never being able to urge centered, being overloaded with conflicting information, and not creating cash on-line, you ought to probably leave this page right now and get back to that Cryptp soft System strategy
Cryptp soft bot could be a new cryptocurrency trading invention that comes with options that create this software stand out among others. It is conjointly an automatic trading platform that uses a smart program algorithm to detect favorable trading opportunities. It acts on its own or waits for a prompt command from the user depending on the software's settings. But what makes this software unique and a favorite to individuals is what we have a tendency to shall unveil in this review.
There have been lots of unverified claims of how totally different cryptocurrency software have helped several people to make massive profits leading to Scam individuals. However, it's pertinent for cryptocurrency traders to verify if a particular trading software may be a scam or legit, which is also ?
After subjecting the features of the Cryptp soft bot software to a series of tests, the software isn't a scam however legit. The Cryptp soft bot is believed to have successful rate of 85%, that is a lot of than the 80percent benchmark for average software. The Cryptp soft bot has helped cryptocurrency traders to make sensible profits, which has been documented as testimonies on the software's website.
Trading on the platform is straightforward and might not require experience. We had to verify the simplicity of the software, and we tend to discovered that the software is easy to navigate. The demo trading feature of the software makes it potential for brand new users to hold out trading activities in an exceedingly simulated atmosphere while not having to risk their investment. This any gives credence to the legitimacy of the software because it ensures that new users get accustomed to the features of the software before continuing to measure to trade
As earlier stated, the Cryptp soft bot could be a high-tech program software that comes with exceptional options that makes it among the simplest cryptocurrency trading software in the blockchain market. The outstanding features of the Cryptp soft bot embody the subsequent:
Premieresubmitted by dojogang to DigitalCryptoWorld [link] [comments]
I have spoken before about Extons in my article so there's no cause to talk again about it, but I'd like to give any new visitors a quick introduction. Extons is a central platform established in 2020 that strives first and foremost to serve a wide range of crypto assets. It will help traders and companies grow quickly with its low-cost and fast transactions. This is a product of the ecosystem Thisoption.
EXTONS, what are they?
EXTONS is an exchange of cryptocurrency that supports a broad range of crypto active assets for trading. There are
five ecosystems of this option designed for traders around the world to launch. Its central crypto-monetary exchange is part of the ecosystem and technology of this Option. This supports many payment platforms that have fiat and crypto properties, and KYC wants to use this platform's software. This site was created in June 2020.
Business Framework
The most important thing is the safety of a multi-model structure. A reliable business service would be offered to the consumers, with the best front end and back end services with a multilingual interface. There are many protection mechanisms used to avoid fraud and business manipulations.
An experience by strongest consumers:
The interface is quick and user-friendly. It is essential to provide the customer with the best market trading experience. Customer service is accessible online 24/7 to assist the dealer. This will ensure that all transactions are carried out smoothly.
Supports a broad variety of crypto assets:
Big cryptocurrency pairs and their trading practices are eligible for sale. This service is quite large, but it's very simple. Traders from around the globe will be able to use this platform and be part of the potential growth of this ecosystem. The big crypto assets have already been identified, so adding is one direction.
Liquidity is also a crucial element that other exchanges have struggled to accomplish. Without ample liquidity, the trader would not be able to use this platform easily. Liquidity can offer more than 250 market parameters of new technologies and services.
What's Thisoption?
Thisoption is a Binary Options Trading System that is a part of the environment of this choice. It was founded in 2016 and has more than 700,000 members and continues to grow in numbers. The team is working to render this application simpler and easy to use. Investors will gain up to 80% of their investment in just 60 seconds. Users will get more than 100 trading assets that can be accessed from any device.
Is this choice perfect for trading?
This is a huge platform for traders to make a good return on investment in a short period of time. This platform provides specialized resources and apps for trades, and their support team is really helpful and supports users in any case. Every type of traders, whether pro or new, can participate on the platform, and support is there to help them learn about markets and how to trade.
The ecosystem of TONS Token
There are five components of the TONS Environment. They're-
A cryptocurrency is a huge place and one of the fastest-growing financial industries. There are over 300 active exchanges and several of them also supply the markets with ample liquidity. The EXTON.IO team is committed to delivering the finest trading experience for all its customers. They're also a lot of cool features and services for traders and willing to add more as their users want. It's a market that will help a wide variety of traders and customers around the globe. With its wide range of services, it can attract traders and investors to its ecosystem.
Website || Thisoption || Whitepaper || Telegram || Facebook || MediumAuthor: u/thorex25
|Can we really detect any asteroids in space with accuracy and do we have any real means of destroying it?
|Yes, we can detect new asteroids when they are still in space. Every night dozens of new asteroids are found, including a few that can come close to the Earth.
|Regarding the second part of the question, the goal would be to deflect them more than destroy them, and it is technologically possible. The Hera/DART mission currently being developed by ESA and NASA will demonstrate exactly this capability.
|I always wanted to ask: what is worse for life on Earth - to be hit by a single coalesced asteroid chunk, or to be hit by a multiple smaller pieces of exploded asteroid, aka disrupted rubble pile scenario?
|DVK: This is difficult to answer. If the rubble is small (centimetres to meters) it is better to have lots of small ones – they'd create nice bright meteors. If the rubble pieces are tens of meters it doesn't help.
|Let's say that hypothetically, an asteroid the size of Rhode Island is coming at us, it will be a direct hit - you've had the resources and funding you need, your plan is fully in place, everything you've wanted you got. The asteroid will hit in 10 years, what do you do?
|DVK: I had to look up how big Rhode Island is – a bit larger than the German Bundesland 'Saarland'. Ok – this would correspond to an object about 60 km in diameter, right? That's quite big – we would need a lot of rocket launches, this would be extremely difficult. I would pray. The good news is that we are quite convinced that we know all objects larger than just a few kilometers which come close to our planet. None of them is on a collision course, so we are safe.
|the below is a reply to the above
|Why are you quite convinced that you know all object of that size? And what is your approach in finding new celestial bodies?
|DVK: There was a scientific study done over a few years (published in Icarus 2018, search for Granvik) where they modelled how many objects there are out there. They compared this to the observations we have with the telescopic surveys. This gives us the expected numbers shown here on our infographic: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/06/Asteroid_danger_explained
|There are additional studies to estimate the 'completeness' – and we think that we know everything above roughly a few km in size.
|To find new objects, we use survey telescopes that scan the night sky every night. The two major ones are Catalina and Pan-STARRS, funded by NASA. ESA is developing the so-called Flyeye telescope to add to this effort https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2017/02/Flyeye_telescope.
|the below is a reply to the above
|Thanks for the answer, that's really interesting! It's also funny that the fist Flyeye deployed is in Sicily, at less than 100km from me, I really had no idea
|DVK: Indeed, that's cool. Maybe you can go and visit it one day.
|the below is a reply to the original answer
|What about Interstellar objects however, like Oumuamua?
|DVK: The two that we have seen - 'Oumuamua and comet Borisov - were much smaller than the Saarland (or Rhode Island ;-) - not sure about Borisov, but 'Oumuamua was a few hundred meters in size. So while they could indeed come as a complete surprise, they are so rare that I wouldn't worry.
|Would the public be informed if an impending asteroid event were to happen? And, how would the extinction play out? Bunch of people crushed to death, knocked off our orbit, dust clouds forever?
|DVK: We do not keep things secret – all our info is at the web page http://neo.ssa.esa.int. The 'risky' objects are in the 'risk page'. We also put info on really close approaches there. It would also be very difficult to keep things 'under cover' – there are many high-quality amateur astronomers out there that would notice.
|In 2029 asteroid Apophis will fly really close to Earth, even closer than geostationary satellites. Can we use some of those satellites to observe the asteroid? Is it possible to launch very cheap cube sats to flyby Apophis in 2029?
|DVK: Yes an Apophis mission during the flyby in 2029 would be really nice. We even had a special session on that topic at the last Planetary Defense Conference in 2019, and indeed CubeSats were mentioned. This would be a nice university project – get me a close-up of the asteroid with the Earth in the background!
|the below is a reply to the above
|So you're saying it was discussed and shelved?
|In the conference we just presented ideas. To make them happen needs funding - in the case of ESA the support of our member countries. But having something presented at a conference is the first step. One of the results of the conference was a statement to space agencies to consider embarking on such a mission. See here: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/336356/336472/PDC_2019_Summary_Report_FINAL_FINAL.pdf/341b9451-0ce8-f338-5d68-714a0aada29b?t=1569333739470
|Go to the section 'resolutions'. This is now a statement that scientists can use to present to their funding agencies, demonstrating that it's not just their own idea.
|Thanks for doing this AMA! Did we know the Chelyabinsk meteor in 2013 (the one which had some great videos on social media) was coming? Ig not, how comes? Also, as a little side one, have there been any fatalities from impact events in the past 20 years?
|Unfortunately, the Chelyabinsk object was not seen in advance, because it came from the direction of the Sun where ground-based telescopes cannot look.
|No known fatalities from impacts have happened in the past 20 years, although the Chelyabinsk event did cause many injuries, fortunately mostly minor.
|the below is a reply to the above
|How often do impacts from that direction happen, compared to impacts from visible trajectories?
|In terms of fraction of the sky, the area that cannot be easily scanned from the ground is roughly a circle with a radius of 40°-50° around the current position of the Sun, corresponding to ~15% of the total sky. However, there is a slight enhancement of objects coming from that direction, therefore the fraction of objects that may be missed when heading towards us is a bit higher.
|However, this applies only when detecting an asteroid in its "final plunge" towards the Earth. Larger asteroids can be spotted many orbits earlier, when they are farther away and visible in the night side of the sky. Their orbits can then be determined and their possible impacts predicted even years or decades in advance.
|There must be a trade-off when targeting asteroids as they get closer to Earth, is there a rule of thumb at what the best time is to reach them, in terms of launch time versus time to reach the asteroid and then distance from Earth?
|DVK: Take e.g. a 'kinetic impactor' mission, like what DART and Hera are testing. Since we only change the velocity of the asteroid slightly, we need to hit the object early enough so that the object has time to move away from it's collision course. Finding out when it is possible to launch requires simulations done by our mission analysis team. They take the strength of the launcher into account, also the available fuel for course corrections, and other things. Normally each asteroid has its own best scenario.
|Do you also look at protecting the moon from asteroids? Would an impact of a large enough scale potentially have major impacts on the earth?
|DVK: There are programmes that monitor the Moon and look for flashes from impacting small asteroids (or meteoroids) - https://neliota.astro.noa.g or the Spanish MIDAS project. We use the data to improve our knowledge about these objects. These programmes just look at what is happening now.
|For now we would not do anything if we predicted a lunar impact. I guess this will change once we have a lunar base in place.
|Why aren't there an international organisation comprised of countries focused on the asteroid defence? Imagine like the organisation with multi-billion $ budget and program of action on funding new telescopes, asteroid exploration mission, plans for detection of potentially dangerous NEA, protocols on action after the detection - all international, with heads of states discussing these problems?
|DVK: There are international entities in place, mandated by the UN: The International Asteroid Warning Network (http://www.iawn.net) and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (http://www.smpag.net). These groups advise the United Nations. That is exactly where we come up with plans and protocols on action. But: They don't have budget – that needs to come from elsewhere. I am expecting that if we have a real threat, we would get the budget. Right now, we don't have a multi-billion budget.
|the below is a reply to someone else's answer
|There is no actual risk of any sizable asteroids hitting earth in the foreseeable future. Any preparation for it would just be a waste of money.
|DVK: Indeed, as mentioned earlier, we do not expect a large object to hit is in the near future. We are mainly worried about those in the size range of 20 m to 40 m, which happen on average every few tens of years to hundreds of years. And where we only know a percent of them or even less.
|President Obama wanted to send a crewed spacecraft to an asteroid - in your opinion is this something that should still be done in the future, would there be any usefulness in having a human being walk/float on an asteroid's surface?
|DVK: It would definitely be cool. I would maybe even volunteer to go. Our current missions to asteroids are all robotic, the main reason is that it is much cheaper (but still expensive) to get the same science. But humans will expand further into space, I am sure. If we want to test human exploration activities, doing this at an asteroid would be easier than landing on a planet.
|this is another reply
|Yes, but I am slightly biased by the fact that I work at the European astronaut centre ;) There exist many similarities to what we currently do for EVA (extra vehicular activities) operations on the International Space Station versus how we would 'float' around an asteroid. Slightly biased again, but using such a mission to test exploration technologies would definitely still have value. Thanks Obama! - AC
|I've heard that some asteroids contains large amounts of iron. Is there a possibility that we might have "space mines" in the far away future, if our own supply if iron runs out?
|Yes, this is a topic in the field known as space mining, part of what we call Space Resources. In fact, learning how we can process material we might find on asteroids or other planetary bodies is increasingly important, as it opens up the opportunities for sustainable exploration and commercialization. Its a technology we need to master, and asteroids can be a great target for testing how we can create space mines :) - AC
|By how much is DART expected to deflect Didymos? Do we have any indication of the largest size of an asteroid we could potentially deflect?
|PM: Didymos is a binary asteroid, consisting of a main asteroid Didymos A (~700m) and a smaller asteroid Didymos B (~150m) orbiting around A with a ~12 hours period. DART is expected to impact Didymos B and change its orbital period w.r.t. Didymos A of ~1%. (8 mins)
|The size of Didymos B is the most representative of a potential threat to Earth (the highest combination of probability and consequence of impacts), meaning smaller asteroids hit the Earth more often but have less severe consequences, larger asteroids can have catastrophic consequences but their probability of hitting the earth is very very low.
|the below is a reply to the above
|Why is there less probability of larger asteroids hitting earth?
|DVK: There are less large objects out there. The smaller they are, the more there are.
|the below is a reply to the original answer
|Is there any chance that your experiment will backfire and send the asteroid towards earth?
|PM: Not at all, or we would not do that :) Actually Dimorphos (the Didymos "moon") will not even leave its orbit around Didymos. It will just slightly change its speed.
|I'm sure you've been asked this many times but how realistic is the plot of Armageddon? How likely is it that our fate as a species will rely on (either) Bruce Willis / deep sea oil drillers?
|Taking into consideration that Bruce Willis is now 65 and by the time HERA is launched he will be 69, I do not think that we can rely on him this time (although I liked the movie).
|HERA will investigate what method we could use to deflect asteroid and maybe the results will show that we indeed need to call the deep sea oil drillers.
|the below is a reply to the above
|So then would it be easier to train oil drillers to become astronauts, or to train astronauts to be oil drillers?
|I do not know which one would be easier since I have no training/experience of deep see oil drilling nor becoming an astronaut, but as long as the ones that would go to asteroid have the sufficient skills and training (even Bruce Willis), I would be happy.
|If budget was no object, which asteroid would you most like to send a mission to?
|Nice question! For me, I'd be looking at an asteroid we know something about, since I would be interested in using it for testing how we could extract resources from it. So for me, I would choose Itokawa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25143_Itokawa), which was visited by Hayabusa spacecraft. So we already have some solid prospecting carried out for this 'roid! - AC
|this is another reply
|Not sure if it counts as an asteroid, but Detlef and myself would probably choose ʻOumuamua, the first discovered interstellar object.
|the below is a reply to the above
|Do we even have the capability to catch up to something like that screaming through our solar system? That thing has to have a heck of a velocity to just barrel almost straight through like that.
|DVK: Correct, that would be a real challenge. We are preparing for a mission called 'Comet Interceptor' that is meant to fly to an interstellar object or at least a fresh comet - but it will not catch up with it, it will only perform a short flyby.
|After proving to be able to land on one, could an asteroid serve as a viable means to transport goods and or humans throughout the solar system when the orbit of said asteroid proves beneficial. While it is probably quite problematic to land the payload, it could save fuel or am I mistaken?
|Neat idea! Wonder if anyone has done the maths on the amount of fuel you would need/save vs certain targets. - AC
|PM: To further complement, the saving is quite marginal indeed because in order to land (softly) on the asteroid you actually need to get into the very same orbit of that asteroid . At that point your orbit remains the same whether you are on the asteroid or not..
|can the current anti-ballistic missiles systems intercept a terminal phase earth strike asteroid? or it is better to know beforehand and launch an impacting vehicle into space?
|DVK: While I do see presentations on nuclear explosions to deflect asteroids at our professional meetings, I have not seen anybody yet studying how we could use existing missile systems. So it's hard to judge whether existing missiles would do the job. But in general, it is better to know as early as possible about a possible impact and deflect it as early as possible. This will minimize the needed effort.
|How much are we prepared against asteroid impacts at this moment?
|DVK: 42… :-) Seriously – I am not sure how to quantify 'preparedness'. We have international working groups in place, mentioned earlier (search for IAWN, SMPAG). We have a Planetary Defence Office at ESA, a Planetary Defense Office at NASA (who spots the difference?), search the sky for asteroids, build space missions… Still we could be doing more. More telescopes to find the object, a space-based telescope to discover those that come from the direction of the Sun. Different test missions would be useful, … So there is always more we could do.
|Have you got any data on the NEO coverage? Is there estimations on the percentage of NEOs we have detected and are tracking? How can we improve the coverage? How many times have asteroids been able to enter earths atmosphere without being detected beforehand?
|Here's our recently updated infographics with the fraction of undiscovered NEOs for each size range: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/06/Asteroid_danger_explained
|As expected, we are now nearly complete for the large ones, while many of the smaller ones are still unknown.
|In order to improve coverage, we need both to continue the current approach, centered on ground-based telescopes, and probably also launch dedicated telescopes to space, to look at the fraction of the sky that cannot be easily observed from the ground (e.g., towards the Sun).
|Regarding the last part of your question, small asteroids enter the Earth atmosphere very often (the infographics above gives you some numbers), while larger ones are much rarer.
|In the recent past, the largest one to enter our atmosphere was about 20 meters in diameter, and it caused the Chelyabinsk event in 2013. It could not be detected in advance because it came from the direction of the Sun.
|We have however detected a few small ones before impact. The first happened in 2008, when a ~4-meter asteroid was found to be on a collision course less than a day before impact, it was predicted to fall in Northern Sudan, and then actually observed falling precisely where (and when) expected.
|this is another reply
|DVK: And to add what MM said - Check out http://neo.ssa.esa.int. There is a 'discovery statistics' section which provides some of the info you asked about. NASA is providing similar information here https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/stats/. To see the sky which is currently covered by the survey telescopes, you need to service of the Minor Planet Center which we all work together with: http://www.minorplanetcenter.org, 'observers', 'sky coverage'. That is a tool we use to plan where we look with our telescopes, so it is a more technical page.
|Are there any automatic systems for checking large numbers of asteroids orbits, to see if the asteroid's orbit is coming dangerously close to Earth, or is it done by people individually for every asteroid? I ask it because LSST Rubin is coming online soon and you know it will discover a lot of new asteroids.
|Yes, such systems exist, and monitor all known and newly discovered asteroids in order to predict possible future impacts.
|The end result of the process is what we call "risk list": http://neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-page
|It is automatically updated every day once new observational data is processed.
|What are your favourite sci-fi series?
|DVK: My favorites are 'The Expanse', I also liked watching 'Salvation'. For the first one I even got my family to give me a new subscription to a known internet streaming service so that I can see the latest episodes. I also loved 'The Jetsons' and 'The Flintstones' as a kid. Not sure the last one counts as sci-fi though. My long-time favorite was 'Dark Star'.
|this is another reply
|Big fan of The Expanse at the moment. Nice, hard sci-fi that has a good impression of being grounded in reality - AC
|this is another reply
|When I was a kid I liked The Jetsons, when growing up Star Trek, Star wars and I also used to watch with my sister the 'V'.
|When determining the potential threat of a NEA, is the mass of an object a bigger factor or size? I'm asking because I'm curious if a small but massive object (say, with the density of Psyche) could survive atmospheric entry better than a comparatively larger but less massive object.
|The mass is indeed what really matters, since it's directly related with the impact energy.
|And as you said composition also matters, a metal object would survive atmospheric entry better, not just because it's heavier, but also because of its internal strength.
|What are your thoughts on asteroid mining as portrayed in sci-fi movies? Is it feasible? If so would governments or private space programs be the first to do so?What type of minerals can be found on asteroids that would merit the costs of extraction?
|Certainly there is valuable stuff you can find on asteroids. For example, the likely easiest material you can harvest from an asteroid would be volatiles such as H2O. Then you have industrial metals, things like Iron, Nickel, and Platinum group metals. Going further, you can break apart many of the oxide minerals you would find to get oxygen (getting you closer to producing rocket fuel in-situ!). Its feasible, but still needs alot of testing both here on Earth and eventually needs to be tested on a target. It may be that governments, via agencies like ESA or NASA, may do it first, to prove the principles somewhat, but I know many commercial entities are also aggresively working towards space mining. To show you that its definitely possible, I'd like to plug the work of colleagues who have processed lunar regolith (which is similar to what you may find on asteroids) to extract both oxygen and metals. Check it out here: http://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2019/10/Oxygen_and_metal_from_lunar_regolith
|Will 2020's climax be a really big rock?
|DVK: Let's hope not...
|Considering NASA, ESA, IAU etc. is working hard to track Earth-grazing asteroids, how come the Chelyabinsk object that airburst over Russia in 2013 came as a total surprise?
|The Chelyabinsk object came from the direction of the Sun, where unfortunately ground-based telescopes cannot look at. Therefore, it would not have been possible to discover it in advance with current telescopes. Dedicated space telescopes are needed to detect objects coming from this direction in advance.
|the below is a reply to the above
|Is this to say that it was within specific solid angles for the entire time that we could have observed it given its size and speed?
|Yes, precisely that. We got unlucky in this case.
|Have any of you read Lucifer's Hammer by Larry Niven? In your opinion, how realistic is his depiction of an asteroid strike on Earth?
|DVK: I have – but really long ago, so I don't remember the details. But I do remember that I really liked the book, and I remember I always wanted to have a Hot Fudge Sundae when reading it.
|I was thinking about the asteroid threat as a teen and came up with this ideas (Hint: they are not equally serious, the level of craziness goes up real quick). Could you please comment on their feasibility? 1. Attaching a rocket engine to an asteroid to make it gradually change trajectory, do that long in advance and it will miss Earth by thousands of km 2. Transporting acid onto asteroid (which are mainly metal), attaching a dome-shaped reaction chamber to it, using heat and pressure to then carry out the chemical reaction to disintegrate asteroids 3. This one is even more terrible than a previous one and totally Dan Brown inspired — transporting antimatter on asteroid, impacting and causing annihilation. Thank you for this AMA and your time!
|DVK: Well the first one is not so crazy, I have seen it presented... the difficulty is that all asteroids are rotating in one way or another. So if you continuously fire the engine it would not really help. You'd need to switch the engine on and off. Very complex. And landing on an asteroid is challenging too. Just using the 'kinetic impactor' which we will test with DART/Hera (described elsewhere in this chat) is simpler. Another seriously proposed concept is to put a spacecraft next to an asteroid and use an ion engine (like we have on our Mercury mission BepiColombo) to 'push' the asteroid away.
|As for 2 and 3 I think I will not live to see that happening ;-)
|What is the process to determine the orbit of a newly discovered asteroid?
|The process is mathematically quite complex, but here's a short summary.
|Everything starts with observations, in particular with measurements of the position of an asteroid in the sky, what we call "astrometry". Discovery telescopes extract this information from their discovery images, and make it available to everybody.
|These datapoints are then used to calculate possible trajectories ("orbits") that pass through them. At first, with very few points, many orbits will be possible.
|Using these orbits we can extrapolate where the asteroid will be located during the following nights, use a telescope to observe that part of the sky, and locate the object again.
|From these new observations we can extract new "astrometry", add it to the orbit determination, and see that now only some of the possible orbits will be compatible with the new data. As a result, we now know the trajectory better than before, because a few of the possible orbits are not confirmed by the new data.
|The cycle can then continue, with new predictions, new observations, and a more accurate determination of the object's orbit, until it can be determined with an extremely high level of accuracy.
|What are some asteroids that are on your "watchlist"?
|We have exactly that list on our web portal: http://neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-page
|It's called "risk list", and it includes all known asteroids for which we cannot exclude a possible impact over the next century. It is updated every day to include newly discovered asteroids, and remove those that have been excluded as possible impactors thanks to new observations.
|the below is a reply to the above
|That's quite a list!! Do you guys ever feel stressed or afraid when you have to add another dangerous candidate (and by dangerous I mean those above 200m) is added to this Risk List?
|Yes, when new dangerous ones are added it's important that we immediately do our best to gather more data on them, observing them with telescopes in order to get the information we need to improve our knowledge of their orbit.
|And then the satisfaction of getting the data needed to remove one from the list is even greater!
|What inspired you to go into this field of study?
|I was fascinated by astronomy in general since I was a kid, but the actual "trigger" that sparked my interest in NEOs was a wonderful summer course on asteroids organized by a local amateur astronomers association. I immediately decided that I would do my best to turn this passion into my job, and I'm so happy to have been able to make that dream come true.
|this is another reply
|DVK: I started observing meteors when I was 14, just by going outside and looking at the night sky. Since then, small bodies in the solar system were always my passion.
|As a layperson, I still think using nuclear weapons against asteroids is the coolest method despite better methods generally being available. Do you still consider the nuclear option the cool option, or has your expertise in the field combined with the real-life impracticalities made it into a laughable/silly/cliche option?
|DVK: We indeed still study the nuclear option. There are legal aspects though, the 'outer space treaty' forbids nuclear explosions in space. But for a large object or one we discover very late it could be useful. That's why we have to focus on discovering all the objects out there as early as possible – then we have time enough to use more conventional deflection methods, like the kinetic impactor (the DART/Hera scenario).
|It seems like doing this well would require international cooperation, particularly with Russia. Have you ever reached out to Russia in your work? Do you have a counterpart organization there that has a similar mission?
|DVK: Indeed international cooperation is important - asteroids don't know about our borders! We work with a Russian team to perform follow-up observations of recently discovered NEOs. Russia is also involved in the UN-endorsed working groups that we have, IAWN and SMPAG (explained in another answer).
|how much can experts tell from a video of a fireball or meteor? Can you work out what it's made of and where it came from? https://www.reddit.com/space/comments/hdf3xe/footage_of_a_meteor_at_barrow_island_australia/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x
|If multiple videos or pictures, taken from different locations, are available, then it's possible to reconstruct the trajectory, and extrapolate where the object came from.
|Regarding the composition, it's a bit more difficult if nothing survives to the ground, but some information can be obtained indirectly from the fireball's color, or its fragmentation behavior. If a spectral analysis of the light can be made, it's then possible to infer the chemical composition in much greater detail.
|I've always wanted to know what the best meteorite buying site is and what their average price is??
|DVK: Serious dealers will be registered with the 'International Meteorite Collectors Association (IMCA)' - https://www.imca.cc/. They should provide a 'certificate of authenticity' where it says that they are member there. If you are in doubt, you can contact the association and check. Normally there are rough prices for different meteorite types per gram. Rare meteorites will of course be much more expensive than more common ones. Check the IMCA web page to find a dealer close to you.
|Just read through Aidans link to the basaltic rock being used as a printing material for lunar habitation. There is a company called Roxul that does stone woven insulation that may be able to shed some light on the research they have done to minimize their similarity to asbestos as potentially carcinogenic materials deemed safe for use in commercial and residential applications. As the interior surfaces will essentially be 3D printed lunar regolith what are the current plans to coat or dampen the affinity for the structure to essentially be death traps for respiratory illness?
|At least initially, many of these 3d printed regolith structures would not be facing into pressurised sections, but would rather be elements placed outside and around our pressure vessels. Such structures would be things like radiation shields, landing pads or roadways, etc. In the future, if we move towards forming hermetically sealed structures, then your point is a good one. Looking into terrestrial solutions to this problem would be a great start! - AC
|What kind of career path does it take to work in the asteroid hunting field?
|It's probably different for each of us, but here's a short summary of my own path.
|I became interested in asteroids, and near-Earth objects in particular, thanks to a wonderful summer course organized by a local amateur astronomers association. Amateur astronomers play a great role in introducing people, and young kids in particular, to these topics.
|Then I took physics as my undergrad degree (in Italy), followed by a Ph.D. in astronomy in the US (Hawaii in particular, a great place for astronomers thanks to the exceptional telescopes hosted there).
|After finishing the Ph.D. I started my current job at ESA's NEO Coordination Centre, which allowed me to realize my dream of working in this field.
|this is another reply
|DVK: Almost all of us have a Master's degree either in aerospace engineering, mathematics, physics/astronomy/planetary science, or computer science. Some of us - as MM - have a Ph.D. too. But that's not really a requirement. This is true for our team at ESA, but also for other teams in other countries.
|What is the likelihood of an asteroid hitting the Earth In the next 200 years?
|It depends on the size, large ones are rare, while small ones are much more common. You can check this infographics to get the numbers for each size class: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/06/Asteroid_danger_explained
|Have you played the Earth Defence Force games and if you have, which one is your favourite?
|No I have not played the Earth Defence Force games, but I just looked it up and I think I would liked it. Which one would you recommend?
|How close is too close to earth? Space is a SUPER vast void so is 1,000,000 miles close, 10,000,000? And if an asteroid is big enough can it throw earth off its orbit?
|DVK: Too close for my taste is when we compute an impact probability > 0 for the object. That means the flyby distance is zero :-) Those are the objects on our risk page http://neo.ssa.esa.int/risk-page.
|If an object can alter the orbit of another one, we would call it planet. So unless we have a rogue planet coming from another solar system (verrry unlikely) we are safe from that.
|How can I join you when I'm older?
|DVK: Somebody was asking about our career paths... Study aerospace engineering or math or physics or computer science, get a Masters. Possibly a Ph.D. Then apply for my position when I retire. Check here for how to apply at ESA: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA/Frequently_asked_questions2#HR1
|How much is too much?
|DVK: 42 again
|Are you aware of any asteroids that are theoretically within our reach, or will be within our reach at some point, that are carrying a large quantity of shungite? If you're not aware, shungite is like a 2 billion year old like, rock stone that protects against frequencies and unwanted frequencies that may be traveling in the air. I bought a whole bunch of the stuff. Put them around the la casa. Little pyramids, stuff like that.
|DVK: If I remember my geology properly, Shungite forms in water sedimental deposits. This requires liquid water, i.e. a larger planet. So I don't think there is a high chance to see that on asteroids.
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Dark matter is perhaps the most frustrating substance we know. Invisible to all forms of light, we detect its presence through its gravitational influence alone. That's insufficient, though: physicists and astronomers alike would like to know what it is. Yet so far, we're better able to say what it isn't: it's not the stuff of normal matter (electrons, quarks) or other particles we know about, like neutrinos.
The process of figuring out what dark matter isn't received a major push today with the announcement of the first three months of data from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector. Unfortunately, LUX failed to find any dark matter, ruling out some possible detections by other experiments.
Experiments attempting to detect dark matter focus mainly on one possible class, motivated by particle physics: WIMPs, or weakly interacting massive particles. The "weak" part of the name originally referred to the weak force, one of the four known fundamental forces in nature. However, WIMPs may or may not actually interact via the weak force—we know for certain dark matter interacts gravitationally, but whether it interacts with ordinary matter via any other force is currently unknown.
However, the gamble is that dark matter does interact in a limited way with normal matter, and detectors have been designed with that in mind. LUX consists of 368 kilograms of liquid xenon cooled to -110°C and surrounded by a tank of water. The whole apparatus is housed nearly 1500 meters (4,850 ft) underground in the old Homestake gold mine near Lead, South Dakota. The depth of the mine provides a lot of shielding against cosmic rays—high energy particles from supernovae and other astronomical sources—that could otherwise swamp the detector. WIMPs, on the other hand, should pass through the rock and reach the detector without much in the way of interaction.
Liquid xenon is much denser than water, so it provides an additional measure of shielding. Any particle piercing through to the center of the tank has likely avoided interacting with anything until that point. When such a particle collides with the nucleus of a xenon atom, it produces a recoil, emitting photons and electrons. Detectors lining the outside of the tank amplify those signals. Comparisons between the photon and electron timing provide a three-dimensional reconstruction of where the collision occurred and the energy involved. Together, these data reveal the mass and electric charge of the particle, telling researchers whether it could be dark matter or (more likely) something ordinary.
LUX is designed to be sensitive to WIMPs across a wide range of possible mass values, overlapping the ranges other detectors are searching. Many theoretical models, including those motivated by supersymmetry (SUSY), predict "high-mass" WIMPs: those with masses greater than 35 billion electron volts (35 giga electron volts, or 35 GeV). However, the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment in Minnesota found small but tantalizing hints of particles with masses around 8.6 GeV, which would fall into the "low-mass" WIMP regime.
This is why the new LUX results are interesting, despite showing nothing. For high-mass WIMPs, LUX has roughly twice the sensitivity of other detectors, but it also can detect particles in the low-mass regime. If the 8.6 GeV WIMPs seen in CDMS exist, three months of LUX operation should have found thousands of them. Yet LUX saw nothing. While it's still possible the CDMS particles could be real, they must interact in a way specific to the solid silicon-based detectors at CDMS and avoid collisions with xenon atoms—an unlikely possibility.
Given the increased sensitivity at LUX, the most popular prediction for a WIMP—the so-called lightest supersymmetric partner (LSSP )—is not looking good either. Depending on the particular model, the LSSP should have a mass greater than about 10 GeV, and LUX should have detected many of them. While the absence of particles is consistent with prior dark matter experiments, LUX's sensitivity makes it easier to say that high-mass WIMPs probably don't exist.
Of course, this result isn't a definitive statement on the existence of dark matter, but it does put stronger constraints on what its identity could be. Dark matter could still lurk at lower mass ranges, or it could be non-WIMP in nature. The latter possibility includes the disturbing prospect that dark matter doesn't interact directly with normal matter at all, except through gravity, dooming every current detection scheme to failure.
LUX will continue operating until 2015, and its planned successor—LUX-ZEPLIN, or LZ—should increase sensitivity to the point where even very rare dark matter collisions can be spotted.

subset: commoncrawl


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Blog: Checking the pulse of Washington DC
A conference trip to Washington by Blue Ventures' Medical Director Vik Mohan provides an insight into how the international development community might respond to the new US administration.
A conference trip to Washington by Blue Ventures' Medical Director Vik Mohan provides an insight into how the international development community might respond to the new US administration.
Oxford Today has published an interview with Oxford University alumnus and Blue Ventures Executive Director Alasdair Harris that covers the stories behind Blue Ventures' foundation, growth and holistic approach.
Over the past year, three of our senior staff in Madagascar have been working with the Earth Skills Network to reflect on, and improve, the management of our conservation programmes.
As part of a new community-based healthcare initiative from the Ministry of Health, Blue Ventures has been training and supporting women in isolated areas of southwest Madagascar.
The outreach team recently competed their second tour of 2016, engaging 32 coastal communities in conversations about sexual and reproductive health, water purification and natural resource management.
DW have published an article covering our holistic population-health-environment approach, including why gender equality is fundamental to community-led conservation.
John D. Sutter, a columnist for CNN Opinion, recently spent a week with Blue Ventures staff in Southwest Madagascar to write a story about climate change, coral bleaching, and the impact that these changes have on coastal communities.
Volunteer medic Emily Clark revisits Andavadoaka with Dr Alison Leaf to train public health staff in vital neonatal care.
Our Medical Director, Dr Vik Mohan, recently visited Indonesia and Timor-Leste to see whether coastal communities there would be interested in Blue Ventures' integrated health and environment approach.
The Belioness lionfish jewelry group gather from across Belize to develop a shared vision for their social enterprise; United women, empowered communities, and a healthy, beautiful reef.
Blue Ventures has signed a partnership agreement with USAID Mikolo to increase access to child health services for remote coastal communities in southwest Madagascar, as part of our integrated health-environment programme in the area.
Blue Ventures' community health work is featured in the article 'Eco Volunteers Fill Healthcare Gap' in Madagascar in the online magazine News Deeply.
Our holistic approach to marine conservation involves public health professionals, fisheries specialists, aquaculture technicians and community organisers.
Support partnerships with the Endangered Wildlife Trust and Peace Parks Foundation are set to integrate community health services into coastal resource management efforts in two of Mozambique's most critical marine ecosystems
Blue Ventures is launching new support partnerships with the Endangered Wildlife Trust and Peace Parks Foundation in Mozambique.
Women and youth now make up a resounding 85% of Velondriake's management structure!
Efforts to advance sustainable development in Madagascar received a boost last week as more than 20 health and conservation organisations came together to establish new partnerships and share learning.
The Changer interviewed our Executive Director Alasdair Harris about his motivation for starting Blue Ventures, and how Blue Ventures can succeed where other marine conservation organisations have struggled
As COP21 in Paris opens, we frequently hear about "socio-ecological resilience", "climate-resilient development" and "resilience programming", but what do these terms mean, and what can we learn from them?
Madagascar's President Hery Rajaonarimampianina met with conservationists at the University of Cambridge, placing marine management high on the agenda.
NGOsource has published a blog about the history, mission and growth of Blue Ventures
The Belize newspaper "The Reporter" recently published an article about the lionfish jewellery programme that we have facilitated in Belize.
The Reporter published an article covering the lionfish jewellery workshop in Belize, and interviewed our country coordinator, Jen Chapman, about the benefits of this venture
The donation of our lionfish catch to the children of "Dara's" feeding program has been covered by The Reporter.
As civil society groups advocate for progress on maternal and child health at the World Health Assembly this week, recent experiences in Madagascar demonstrate how community mobilisation can bring about positive change.
Midwives and sea cucumber farmers join a grassroots movement to protect the Indian Ocean's underwater marvels; a holistic approach that is shining a light on the future of conservation. Ocean Watch feature in the Scuba Diving Open Planet magazine.
A different story from Madagascar: how working across sectors and upholding reproductive rights are the key to sustainable development. Article featured in The Huffington Post.
Antananarivo, Madagascar – Health and conservation sectors unite to establish a broad network of policy makers, funders and practitioners committed to reinforcing an integrated approach to sustainable development in Madagascar
St Andrews, Scotland – An innovative project integrating community-based health services with locally-led marine conservation initiatives has won this year's St Andrews Prize for the Environment
Blue Ventures' community health programme trains women in coastal Madagascar to be 'Avon-like' social entrepreneurs, offering a range of affordable contraceptive options in their villages. Article featured in the Huffington Post.
Thailand's small-scale fisheries are the cornerstone of social, economic and nutritional health for the communities living along the majority of the country's nearly 3,000 kilometre coastline.
In the southernmost Trang province we are supporting communities reliant on nearshore fisheries − in particular for crab, shrimp and squid − in partnership with the Save Andaman Network (SAN).
We're providing training and tools to aid organisational development, community led fisheries monitoring and management, and building community-owned social enterprises that fund and sustain local conservation efforts.
Since 2016, our work in Timor-Leste has evolved into a dynamic movement supporting community led marine management and coastal livelihood diversification in Asia's newest country. From our origins on Atauro Island, considered to harbour amongst the highest levels of marine biodiversity on earth, we're now working with numerous communities on the island and the mainland to ensure that local communities have access to diverse sustainable livelihood options to relieve fishing pressure on critical coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems.
We're engaging communities in monitoring the relatively unexplored marine biodiversity of Timor-Leste, and managing local marine resources through customary local laws known as Tara Bandu. Alongside our community conservation efforts, we have pioneered Timor-Leste's first homestay association, which now provides a consistent income from visiting ecotourists and sparked interest in replication by a mainland community. Using homestays as a hub, communities are well placed to host learning exchanges, training events, and act as an outreach platform to engage and inspire communities in fisheries management and livelihood diversification. Exchanges have led to communities of best practice and strengthened associations, and the opportunity to establish a formal network throughout the country.
Our team in Timor-Leste's capital Dili works closely with government, civil society organisations and NGO partners.
Like its neighbours within the Northern Mozambique Channel marine biodiversity hotspot, Tanzania harbours some of the most diverse marine ecosystems in the Indian Ocean. These habitats are facing unprecedented challenges from overfishing and climate change.
Our Tanzanian team has worked with communities and local organisations to support locally-led marine conservation since 2016. Our work has expanded from Zanzibar to mainland regions of Tanga, Lindi and Kilwa where our technicians work with local partners to help communities strengthen co-management systems, working through beach management units (BMUs), Shehia Fishing Committees (SFCs) marine parks and Collaborative Fisheries Management Areas (CFMAs).
Our partners Mwambao Coastal Community Network, marinecultures.org and Sea Sense have spearheaded a remarkable acceleration in the uptake of community-based fisheries management and conservation in recent years, notably through the use of short term fisheries closures to catalyse broader community conservation.
With one of Africa's longest coastlines, Somalia's diverse marine environment supports enormously productive coastal and offshore fisheries. Decades of conflict have undermined the country's capacity for fisheries management, with many foreign industrial vessels fishing with impunity, and little regard for the critical importance of Somalia's coastal fisheries for local livelihoods and food security.
A period of relative political and social stability unprecedented in recent decades is now presenting new opportunities to address past challenges, and to realise the considerable opportunities that well-managed coastal fisheries and conservation can offer Somalia. We are forging partnerships with community organisations in Somalia to build their capacity and skills to help coastal communities manage their fisheries for food security, livelihoods and conservation.
The Philippines forms part of the 'coral triangle' epicentre of global marine biodiversity, with unparalleled diversity of marine species. Over half of the country's 107 million people (55.6%) live in rural areas, and approximately three quarters depend on agriculture or fisheries as their primary source of livelihoods.
With our local partner People and the Sea, we are working in the eastern Visayas to support coastal communities to establish locally led marine conservation and fisheries management efforts underpinned by participatory data systems that put evidence in the hands of communities.
The largest country in the Western Pacific Region, Papua New Guinea's coral reefs and mangroves are among the most diverse and extensive in the world. Papua New Guinea has a long history of traditional approaches for fisheries management, and huge unmet marine conservation needs.
We have been supporting our local partner Eco Custodian Advocates since 2019 in Milne Bay, notable for its vast mangrove forests and coral reefs. We are now expanding this support to other local organisations in Papua New Guinea, focused on supporting the establishment of customary LMMAs that provide locally relevant approaches to community led fishery management built upon local cultural traditions.
Indonesia comprises almost 17,500 islands stretching across three time zones. This archipelagic nation has the longest coastline − and the largest coastal fisheries resource − of any country on Earth. Ninety five percent of Indonesia's seafood production comes from small-scale fisheries, which are underpinned by the most biodiverse marine ecosystem on Earth, known as the Coral Triangle.
In Indonesia, Blue Ventures' partner Yayasan Pesisir Lestari, based in Bali, works with locally-based organisations Forkani, Yayasan LINI, Yapeka, Yayasan Planet Indonesia, Foneb, Komanangi, JARI, Yayasan Tananua Flores, Baileo, AKAR, Japesda, Yayasan Mitra Insani and Yayasan Hutan Biru.
These partners support community-based approaches to coral reef and mangrove conservation at 22 sites across seven provinces. Interventions are customised to each context − the local fisheries, community stakeholders, seafood supply chains, legal frameworks and customary traditions governing fisheries management and conservation.
Since 2019 we have brought these partners together within a peer learning network of Indonesian organisations specialised in supporting community-based marine conservation. The network is based around the shared values of the organisations, including a commitment to promote the rights of traditional fishing communities in conservation. Seventeen of the sites represented in this group are enacting local marine management through customary management regimes and traditions. This group, largely comprising sites in Eastern Indonesia, provides an important opportunity to share learning in traditional marine and fisheries management practices.
In West Kalimantan and East Sumatra we're supporting mangrove-dependent coastal communities to integrate mangrove fishery and forestry management, alongside activities to develop alternative livelihoods or upgrade existing livelihoods. In North Sulawesi we're supporting the development of community-owned ecotourism businesses, such as homestays, that diversify local livelihoods and place further value on protected and healthy marine ecosystems. Across our work in Indonesia, where partner communities have an unmet need for healthcare, we're supporting the integration of health improvement activities into our interventions.
We continue to work in India with our long term partner the Dakshin Foundation. We are collaborating in three distinct locations; the archipelago of Lakshadweep, coastal regions of Odisha and the Andaman Islands.
Overfishing has led to a reduction in fish catches, challenging the future of many traditional fishing communities.
Our partnership is working to build the capacity of communities to manage coastal fisheries, and improve the health of fishing communities, for the long-term wellbeing of both the communities and their fishing grounds.
Kenya's coast supports an extraordinary diversity of tropical marine and coastal habitats. These waters are threatened by a proliferation of destructive fishing practices and over-harvesting within the artisanal and commercial fishing sectors.
Our approach in Kenya focuses on strengthening Beach Management Units (BMUs) to improve fisheries management. Since 2016 our Mombasa-based technical team has provided support, mentoring and assistance to local partners including Pate Marine Community Conservancy (PMCC), Northern Rangelands Trust (NRT) and Coastal and Marine Resource Development (COMRED).
These partnerships have seen notable achievements in community led fisheries management and conservation, including training and mentoring BMU leaders in eighteen communities in Kwale and Lamu Counties.
The Comoros islands are located in the northern Mozambique Channel, a region home to the world's second highest marine biodiversity after the Coral Triangle. This globally important biodiversity underpins coastal livelihoods and food security, but is at risk from climate change and overexploitation of inshore fisheries.
We have maintained a permanent presence supporting locally led marine conservation and fisheries management in Comoros since 2015, providing support to local partners, governmental institutions and communities.
On Anjouan, the second largest and most densely populated island in the Comoros archipelago, we work closely with national NGO Dahari. Our partnership has developed a replicable blueprint for community-based marine management, which has seen the creation of the country's first locally managed marine areas − including temporary and permanent marine closures − designed to safeguard the coral reef ecosystems underpinning the archipelago's coastal economy.
This approach, which is expanding rapidly across the Comoros, is also demonstrating the importance of inclusive conservation in empowering women − through local women's fisheries associations − to play a leading role in fisheries monitoring and decision making.
On neighbouring island of Moheli and the french island of Mayotte, we're supporting the Moheli National Park and the Mayotte Marine Natural Park with efforts to strengthen community engagement in fisheries management and conservation.
Belize's marine environment encompasses some of the most important marine ecosystems in the Caribbean Sea, including vast coral reefs, mangrove forests and seagrass ecosystems. We have maintained a permanent presence in Belize since 2010, supporting diverse fisheries and conservation efforts from our base in Sarteneja, Belize's largest fishing community.
We work in close partnership with the Belize Fisheries Department, MPA managers, fishing cooperatives and fishers' associations, and are actively involved in promoting the establishment of a national scale domestic fishery for invasive lionfish. We've worked with coastal stakeholders to develop a national strategy for lionfish management, including launching the National Lionfish Working Group.
We've led a ten year MPA monitoring and evaluation programme in Bacalar Chico Marine Reserve, and provide training in coral reef monitoring methods to six MPA authorities in Belize, including helping establish management targets for Turneffe Atoll Marine Reserve, Belize's largest MPA.
Our team supports community-based fisheries and conservation groups across the country to ensure local interests are mainstreamed in the design and implementation of marine conservation and fisheries management, improving the effectiveness of co-management of conservation areas.
Our Mozambican team has worked with communities to develop locally led approaches to fisheries management and marine conservation since 2015.
Our approach is focused on supporting and strengthening local organisations and Community Fisheries Councils (CCPs) to better understand their local fisheries, make informed management decisions to rebuild fisheries, and assess the impact of management actions. This work is developed in close collaboration with our partners Oikos- Cooperação e Desenvolvimento in Nampula province and African Parks in Inhambane province.
Ongoing security challenges have devastated many coastal communities and emerging marine conservation efforts in several areas of Cabo Delgado, where our work is regrettably now on hold.
As in Madagascar, given extremely high levels of coastal poverty and a pervasive lack of access to basic services, alongside our work in conservation we facilitate partnerships with specialist health providers, through an integrated health-environment approach.
Blue Ventures' journey began in Madagascar in 2003, and we've been supporting communities in marine conservation across the country ever since. We have five regional field programmes along Madagascar's west coast, as well as regional offices in the towns of Toliara, Morondava and Ambanja. Our national headquarters is located in the capital Antananarivo.
Across all these sites we support communities with the establishment of locally managed marine areas (LMMAs), and work with government partners to secure national recognition for community conservation initiatives. First developed in Madagascar by Blue Ventures in 2006, the LMMA concept has since been replicated by communities at hundreds of sites over thousands of kilometres of coastline, now covering almost one fifth of Madagascar's inshore seabed. Our research in Madagascar has demonstrated globally important evidence of the benefits of LMMAs to fisheries and conservation.
Our work focuses on strengthening community institutions in marine management and governance, and pioneering new approaches to catalyse community engagement in ocean conservation. These innovations have included establishing the world's first community-based sea cucumber farms and the country's first mangrove blue carbon project.
At the national level, we have incubated the MIHARI network, now an independent civil society platform that brings together 219 LMMA sites across the country and 25 supporting conservation partner organisations. Our policy team is also actively involved in advocating for more robust legislation to safeguard the rights and interests of fishing communities, and to remove destructive industrial fishing from coastal waters.
Given the lack of basic services in remote coastal regions in Madagascar, we also help communities access basic healthcare through training and supporting women to serve as community health workers. We do not replace government health systems, but work to strengthen existing structures in close collaboration with government health actors and specialist NGOs. We also incubate Madagascar's national health-environment network, which brings together 40 partner organisations to address the health needs of communities living in areas of conservation importance across the country.


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hero crossbody with horse and carriage print
b4/chalk burnished amber
Conquer the day (or night) with our perfectly organized Hero bag. Crafted of refined leather and sturdy coated canvas featuring our Horse and Carriage motif, this compact crossbody has interior pockets for organization and pleated gussets that fan out for a roomier shape when you need some extra space. The iconic Coach Horse and Carriage, which was first introduced in the 1950s, accents the snap closure.
hero crossbody with horse and carriage print
Shipping and Returns
Coach ships to all areas of the United Kingdom, excluding the Channel Islands and Gibraltar. Delivery times commence from the date of order. Please see the table below on available shipping options and costs:
|Shipping Options
|Price £
|Delivery Time
|Standard Delivery
|3-5 Business Days
|Standard Delivery
|Free on orders over £200
|3-5 Business Days
*For any order placed by 12:30 PM UK time from Monday to Thursday. Saturday, Sunday and public holidays are not considered business days.
For more on shipping, read here
Product details
- Printed coated canvas and refined calf leather
- One credit card slot
- Inside multifunction pocket
- Snap closure, fabric lining
- Detachable strap with 21 1/2" drop for shoulder or crossbody wear
- 7 1/4" (L) x 5 1/2" (H) x 3" (W)
- Style No. c8440
Product Care
Love your leather, and it'll love you forever. To help preserve the beauty of your bag over time, we offer free lifetime leather care at our Coach Retail stores. Simply call to make an appointment, and we'll professionally clean and condition your bag while you shop (tip: bring a back-up bag for your belongings). We recommend this service every three months.
You can also clean and condition your bag at home by purchasing our Coach Leather Cleaner and Coach Leather Moisturiser.
Note: Coach Leather Cleaner should not be used on Sport Calf, suede or haircalf leathers. Coach Leather Moisturiser should not be used on buffalo, calfskin, suede or haircalf leathers.
Coated Canvas and Fabric/Jacquard
Clean with our Signature Fabric Cleaner. You can do this at home by purchasing our cleaner here.
Clean with a suede brush and suede eraser. Use the eraser to gently rub away spots and the brush to remove surface dirt and scuff marks and to revive the nap.
Do not expose to water or moisture. If the leather gets wet, immediately wipe dry with a soft cloth, wiping with (not against) the direction of the scales.
For more on shipping, read here.
In Stores
locations — just call ahead to see what's in stock.
020 77348472
Browns East, 21 Club Row, Shoreditch, London E2 7EY
020 7729 2666
Harrods, 87-135 Brompton Road, Knightsbridge, London SW1X 7XL
020 7730 1234
Selfridges, 400 Oxford Street, Marylebone, London W1A 1AB
020 7318 3156
END, 59 Broadwick Street, Soho, London W1F 9QS
020 7287 3676
353 1 605 6666
0049 30 701 722 232
Solebox Berlin, Nürnberger Str. 14, 10789 Berlin
0049 30 23607121
The Listener, Stephanstr. 3, 60313 Frankfurt am Main
0049 69 2100 8000
33 1 42 86 02 39
0045 26821445
31 20 808 9333


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There are 70 new home developments in Mississauga, a mix of high-rise and low-rise that are planned, under construction or recently completed.
Of these, 42 are condo developments
, with 6610 units currently under construction.
There are 15 townhouse developments and 13 single family home developments in Mississauga
, and the median price per square foot for a low-rise home is $569.
The most active developer in Mississauga is The Conservatory Group.
Find your new construction home in Mississauga by browsing the map, or using the filters above. Filter results based on Mississauga homes; condo, townhome or house building type, number of bedrooms or price. More filters are available on the map. Save your search to receive updates on Mississauga new home inventory that meets your criteria.
|Condo Median
List Price Per Sqft


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Scott Bomboy · August 24, 2018
Bucks Covered Bridges Website
My year-long research project, in conjunction with the Mercer Museum and Arizona State University.
1929 Anniversary Book
This free high-definition scan of the 1929 Perkasie 50th Anniversary book is text searchable. Click here to download.
Photo Gallery
National Register of Historic Places
South Perkasie Covered Bridge
Perkasie Park Camp-Meeting Grounds
Bridgetown-South Perkasie District
Delbar Products
Lake Lenape Park
Lehigh Valley Transit Station
North Pennsylvania Railroad
Perkasie Silk Company
Preservation Research
This is my final Historic Preservation project in 2017 for Bucks County Community College. Click here to get the PDF.