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Taking Weatherization to Native Americans in Washington State
Tribal Weatherization is a long road, literally and figuratively. Yes, we can get there from here.
The Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce) recognizes the need to provide weatherization service to Native Americans in equitable proportions based on the census. Management and staff have made a concerted effort to support and encourage service delivery through the established network. In December 2006, Steve Payne, managing director of the Housing Improvements and Preservation (HIP) Unit, stepped outside the box and made a profound commitment that would change the face of weatherization service delivery to Native American households in Washington. Steve committed a full-time employee position to explore and implement service delivery options. Steve asked me to consider leading the Tribal Weatherization Project. I accepted and was launched on a journey that is often challenging, but ever rewarding.
I began by visiting each of the 29 tribes and the 25 local weatherization agencies around the state. The face-to-face meetings were very beneficial. Phone calls and teleconferences are okay for dispensing information, but I find they leave something lacking when I really want to develop and sustain a high-quality relationship. I had worked with the local agencies and knew the program managers, yet the initial face-to-face meetings about tribal weatherization added a dimension that would have been absent in a phone call.
Some of the tribes initially expressed surprise that Commerce would come to their reservations to discuss the weatherization needs of their people. One tribal housing authority director suggested that I not bother, since nobody ever came to their small reservation. I made an appointment with him for the following week. It was a good visit. I drove 50 miles beyond somewhere to get there, toured the housing stock, and heard about their needs. I witnessed the river that is changing course and threatening their homes. I came away with a sense that weatherization is just one of their housing needs. He could have told me all of that over the phone or in an e-mail. Being able to see it firsthand made it real, and it reinforced Commerce's commitment to relationship building.
Providing Services Through the Established Network
Commerce's highest priority is to increase weatherization services to Native Americans through the established network of weatherization programs, with a focus on serving those living on reservations. Commerce provides a variety of training to the local agencies, including training in cultural understanding, to increase their skills in working with tribal nations and individual Native Americans. I provide technical assistance to the agencies in developing their Native American outreach plans.
My first task was to explore the reasons why services were not reaching low-income Native Americans in equitable proportions with services for the general low-income population. Local agencies receive the majority of weatherization applications through the low-income energy assistance program. This program is federally funded through the state of Washington. Most tribes administer their own low-income energy assistance programs for members of federally recognized tribes and receive the funding directly from the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Local agencies never see the tribal energy assistance applications; therefore they don't receive many tribal member referrals for weatherization.
Two pilot projects are showing success in coordination between the local agency weatherization and tribal energy assistance programs. Okanogan County Community Action Council, in eastern Washington, is coordinating with the Colville Confederated Tribes energy assistance program to serve low-income families on the reservation. South Puget Intertribal Planning Agency, a western-Washington consortium of five tribes, is coordinating with the Community Action Council of Lewis, Mason, and Thurston counties as well as Coastal Community Action Programs. These successes will become models for other tribes and local agencies to build upon.
There are other barriers to service delivery, including a history of deferred relationships; lost relationships as people change positions or move; broken trust; the geographic location of the tribes; and misunderstandings about outreach, to name just a few. The challenges are as numerous and varied as the individual tribes and agencies.
My role is to facilitate dialogue among tribes and local agencies to talk about their needs and opportunities, their history, and the future. I work to help the tribes and agencies understand their common interests and their uniqueness.
Intake and Outreach
Local agencies' weatherization programs have historically relied on intake to gather applications. Intake is passive. It depends on someone else to make the move and follow through. If no one applies, no action is needed.
Outreach is active. It requires seeking, reaching out, pursuing. Outreach requires a plan. Outreach is a way of thinking, a way of approaching service delivery. It must be built into the program, not added on if convenient. Outreach is not effective when it is being added to an intake-based production program. Commerce is assisting the agencies to develop outreach skills.
Outreach requires response. The local agencies can reach out to the tribes. But outreach requires response from the tribes to be productive. Commerce is assisting the tribes to accept the outreach and recognize how it benefits the people.
Developing Tribal Weatherization Programs
The Weatherization Manual for Managing the Low-Income Weatherization Program guides all Commerce-funded low-income weatherization providers, including tribal programs. The tribal program delivery strategy is unique. The program contracts to serve only enrolled members of federally recognized tribes in accordance with the tribes' tribal housing policies.
Commerce set up the Tribal Weatherization Group (TWx) to serve as an advisory body for the tribal initiative. The group is composed of representatives from three tribes, three local agencies, and two Commerce staff members. TWx has developed a model for start-up programs, working closely with the tribes to meet the challenges of fitting the weatherization program into their established administration. These challenges have been start-up issues that would be dealt with when establishing a new program with any provider—they are not specifically Indian issues.
The model is expressed in the form of an outline:
Assess the tribe's capacity to administer the weatherization program.
- Number of housing units. Are there enough units to sustain a program? Developing a Program is time-consuming and costly. Does the housing need justify a program? Or would it be more reasonable to find other means of providing weatherization?
- Administration. Which department will administer the program? What is the administrative and programmatic capacity?
- Management. Will a position be dedicated to managing the program?
- Crew or contractor. Will the weatherization measures be installed by a crew or by contractors? What experience does the crew have? Are there sufficient contractors available for the estimated production?
- How does the weatherization program mesh with the tribe's policies and service delivery goals?
Application and Contract
- Complete and submit.
- Develop scope of work.
- Establish contract performance period.
- Develop training and technical assistance plan.
- Develop performance plan, benchmarks, and production goals.
- Provide technical assistance.
- Perform quarterly monitoring, inspection, and technical assistance visits.
Challenges include:
- Certified auditors and inspectors. Our state requires program energy auditors to be certified. We experienced a shortage of BPI Certified Building Analysts to perform audits and inspections during the tribal program auditor/inspectors training period. This delayed the start of tribal program production. Tribes temporarily contracted with local agencies for audits/inspections.
- Tribal housing programs lacked weatherization policies. These needed to be implemented to allow programs to provide weatherization.
- Application intake. Each tribe established guidelines for how to prioritize applications within tribal policies and weatherization program policies.
- Income eligibility. Weatherization program income eligibility differs from income eligibility for some housing programs and tribal energy assistance programs. Sharing eligibility requirements among programs resolved many misunderstandings.
- Production start-up. Production began slowly while entire crews became trained and gained experience. Tribes did not have the luxury of bringing new crew members into an established weatherization crew.
Three Successful Programs
Commerce currently provides funding to three tribes that have developed sustainable low-income weatherization programs.
Makah Tribal Housing, Neah Bay, Washington.The Makah Tribe is located at the northwesternmost point of the United States, on the Olympic Peninsula. The Makah Reservation is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north by the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Neah Bay is a coastal fishing community about 70 miles from Port Angeles.
Spokane Indian Housing Authority, Wellpinit, Washington. The Spokane Indian Tribe is in the northeast part of the state. It is located in mountainous terrain covered with ponderosa pine trees, about 35 miles from the city of Spokane.
Yakama Nation Housing Authority, Wapato, Washington.The Yakama Nation is located on a high desert in the middle of the state, within 20 miles of the city of Yakima.
The tribes that have established successful weatherization programs have been willing to invest the time and patience to learn building sciences unique to weatherization. They have dedicated attention to the management and administration of the program. These tribes show an interest in helping other tribes gain the knowledge and skills needed to implement weatherization programs. A key factor in their success is that each tribe has developed its own program thoroughly before reaching out to others.
learn more
The Weatherization Manual for Managing the Low-Income Weatherization Program was prepared for the Department of Energy and others by: Washington State Department of Commerce Community Services and Housing Division, April 2009 Edition (with 2010, 2011, and 2012 revisions).
For more information on Tribal Weatherization Programs, contact
State of Washington Department of Commerce
Housing Improvements and Preservation Unit
Steve Payne
Managing Director
Donn Falconer
Weatherization Tribal Liaison
(360) 725-2981
Tribal Weatherization Programs
Makah Tribal Housing
Tinker Lucas
Assistant Housing Director
Spokane Indian Housing Authority
Stephen Tsoodle
Weatherization Program Manager
Yakama Nation Housing Authority
Wade Porter
Weatherization Program Manager
(509)877-6171, Ext 1101
Observations from a Tribal Liaison
The importance of establishing the management and administration of the weatherization program cannot be overemphasized. It's a crucial part of planning prior to beginning the program. The natural tendency is to place emphasis on training the crew first and learning about the program second. A lot of time and money can be spent in training a crew, and the program can still fail.
It can be exciting to learn the technical sciences of weatherization. It's easy to focus on pressure diagnostics, air sealing, and installation of materials first. These are hands-on training, action, touching, and measuring, such as using cool tools like blower doors and manometers. You can see the results of air sealing by reading the numbers. And who can forget the horror stories about what you found in the crawl space?
"The file tells the story" is the mantra of the Commerce team and tribal weatherization programs. The client file tells everything that relates to the unit being weatherized. The program documentation tells everything that relates to the administration and management of the program. It's all part of a well-managed program.
The tribes have a unique opportunity to improve the housing on their reservations by incorporating weatherization sciences into their housing repair and rehabilitation program and new construction. Weatherization program staff cross-train crews from the other departments and participate in development and planning of new construction.
While working with the tribes to develop their programs, I have observed that a well-managed program will ensure that the crew is well trained to perform the weatherization work. A well-trained crew cannot ensure that the program is well managed or that it will succeed. Here are a couple of ways I have found to ensure that the program is well managed.
- First, promise only what you can do and do it.
- Relationships are built on trust. Trust is built on repeated follow-through.
- Start small and grow.
- Who's your champion? You must have a program champion if you want your program to succeed: someone who believes in the program, has the authority to commit personnel and funding, and promotes the training and advisory activities required to achieve success. Without a champion, the program can slide away and disappear as other priorities compete for time and funding.
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I heard a lot over the years about healthy juice combinations made up of over a dozen super-fruits, I searched for one with a Kosher Certification and finally came across Monavie Açaí. I can not speak for their health claims but the combination of Açaí berry and 18 other fruit juices makes for a delicious, refreshing, reinvigorating drink.
It comes in an elegant bottle that makes it look life a fine wine…
As MonaVie's website tells you:
- Offers potent antioxidant protection against free radicals.
- Certified by both the Orthodox Union (OU) of North America and the Chief Rabbinate of Israel.
- Adheres to all kosher dietary laws.
- Features a wide variety of nutrients for optimal health.
- Delivers the antioxidant capacity of approximately 13 servings of fruits and vegetables in just four ounces.
- Provides nutritional benefits for people of all ages.
I drink it cold for breakfast and again in the evening. I'm aware of the Brazilian Açaí berry's antioxidant properties and while that got me to pick up a bottle in the first place, it's the that flavor keeps me picking up more.


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Plate tectonics is one of the most successful theories in the history of science. Beyond its scientific successes, it's widely accepted by the public, since it explains a lot about the world that we see around us.
But like other successful theories, it has its share of awkward inconsistencies. A recent paper in the Journal of Geophysical Research attempted to tackle one of these inconsistencies—finding an absolute reference frame for the movement of the plates—but failed so badly that its authors advise other scientists not to even bother trying. But as part of their failure, they came up with a new measure of one of the more unexpected consequences of plate tectonics.
All of plate tectonics is driven by density differences in the material beneath our planet's solid surface. These drive the shifting plates, power hot-spot volcanoes, and recycle material to the planet's surface. They also make sure that the mass of the Earth is never evenly distributed. As that mass shifts internally, it actually causes the Earth's spin to wobble around a bit. As a result, even the Earth's axis of rotation doesn't provide an absolute reference frame. In the process of failing to find an absolute reference frame, though, the authors have provided a detailed map of how the Earth's true pole has wandered over millions of years.
Making the numbers add up
One of the larger successes of plate tectonics is that it offers an explanation for island chains. Groups of volcanic islands, like the Hawaiian islands, can trace straight lines for thousands of miles if one considers the largely submerged remains of former islands. Plate tectonics offers an explanation: there are stationary hot spots in the mantle that drive volcanic eruptions. The plates simply slide over a hot spot, which builds volcanoes that later become inactive and erode as they slide past.
This process is so regular that it's one of the ways that scientists have tracked past plate motion. For the Hawaiian chain, it's even possible to see a sudden left turn, as the Pacific plate changed its direction of motion. These measurements tend to line up well with others based on measurements made at the boundary of plates.
So, stationary hot spots, moving plates. That would make hot spots a great reference frame for plate movement. Just pick absolute locations for the hot spots, then you could track the entire planet's plates as they slid across them. Just one small problem: it doesn't work. "It was soon realized," the authors write, "that a reference frame defined by fixed hot spots from the Pacific Ocean could not adequately reproduce hot spot tracks in the Indian and Atlantic Ocean."
In other words, although a hot spot appears to be a fixed reference frame for a given plate and its neighbors, our best data indicates that different hot spots appear to be moving relative to each other.
But our best data is an ever-changing thing, and the authors decided it was time for another try. They went through the literature and pulled out any information they could find about rates and directions of plate motion, and integrated it all into a single model. Despite several iterations that made for a progressively better fit to the data from individual hotspots, there was no way to get things to work out globally. "Our attempts to define a global fixed hot spot reference frame have failed to produce acceptable fits to the segments of hot spot tracks formed from Late Cretaceous to Paleogene time (80–50 Ma [million years])," the authors concede.
Their conclusion? It's time to give up on the idea of hot spots being fixed. If we're ever going to have an absolute reference frame, it's not going to come from hot spots.
Shifting references on an unstable Earth
Based on the paper, though, it's hard to tell what else might provide an absolute reference. The authors' work provides further evidence that the entire surface of the Earth (the lithosphere) is moving relative to its interior, the mantle. In other words, the surface of the Earth is not completely coupled to the core, something that had previously been suggested to be the case for Saturn's moon Titan. In the case of Earth, the so-called "lithosphere rotation" involves a slow drift westward, shifting about a tenth of a degree every million years on average. However, the rate isn't even, and has been nearly three times that at some point in the past, apparently at the time when the Indian plate was accelerating toward Asia.
It isn't just that we lack a fixed reference frame to track the plates. It's that plate tectonics itself shifts such enormous masses around that these skew the reference frame.
As it turns out, this also wipes out another potential reference frame, the axis of the Earth's rotation. If the Earth were a uniform, solid sphere, its axis of rotation would remain stable. But the whole idea behind plate tectonics is that the mass isn't distributed evenly. The hot spots at issue here push to the surface of the crust precisely because they're hotter and thus less dense than the surrounding material. On larger scales, it's this density-driven convection that powers the shifting of the continents themselves. As crust is driven into the Earth's interior at subduction zones, it places sheets of solid material deep under the crust that take millions of years to come to equilibrium with their new surroundings.
So, not only is the Earth not uniform, but its internal differences are constantly shifting around. All of which feeds back into the dynamics of its rotation, leading to a phenomenon called "true polar wander"—its axis of rotation hasn't always run through the sites of the current North and South Poles. In fact, during the period from 90 million to 40 million years ago, the poles drifted nearly 10 degrees and then snapped back.
Technicalities and the big picture
The paper itself is long, dry, and very technical; it's not the sort of thing that I'd recommend anyone read unless they're actively working in this field. But the ideas within it are important and compelling.
One important idea is that even our most successful scientific theories are filled with enough discrepancies and inconsistencies to keep scientists gainfully employed for generations. But it's important to keep these in perspective. Not knowing something, or even getting it wrong, doesn't mean that we don't know anything, or that every little inconsistency means we should throw the entire structure out.
The story of plate tectonics itself highlights how oddities on their own aren't enough to overthrow a dominant idea. Instead, you have to come up with something that explains not only the discrepancies, but everything else that the dominant idea gets right. Even then, it's not easy, something that is very clear from the reception that plate tectonics got when it was first suggested almost precisely 100 years ago.
One of the reasons that many people have a hard time accepting some aspects of science is that these ideas make them feel uncomfortable. Plate tectonics doesn't have the same emotional impact as the Copernican revolution, which told us that our place in the Universe wasn't special. But it does tell us that our place wasn't even a place for most of its history: continents shift, islands grow and vanish, and there are apparently no fixed frames of reference.
Without the energy brought to the Earth's surface by plate tectonics, however, it's not even clear that life itself would have been able to flourish, and it certainly wouldn't have evolved the way it has without the changing climates and landscapes.
Giving up a fixed frame of reference to have all that seems like a worthwhile tradeoff.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2012. DOI: 10.1029/2011JB009072, 2012 (About DOIs).


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We've come a long way since starting this series, and we've got a little further to go before the end. Your Nginx Web server is operational and happily serving out WordPress (hopefully with an eye toward safety and security), but we're going to take things to the next level by setting up a full-blown Web forum.
As with all of our other components, there are many choices. Far and away the most popular (and most well-supported) is phpBB, a mature and extensible piece of software that's used all over the Web, including on Ars Technica's own OpenForum. As long as you stay updated and keep on top of installing all the security updates, it's a good choice for a production website, and it offers an almost ridiculous amount of configurability. We're not going to use it, though. This series is about experimenting and learning new and useful tools. phpBB is most definitely useful, but it's a complex beast and overkill for a personal forum.
Other popular forum application choices are things like Simple Machines Forum and FluxBB (or vBulletin, but it's not free)—we're not going to use those, either. There's nothing wrong with them at all, but they're not my personal choice and they're not what I'm going to talk about configuring.
Instead, we're going to go with Vanilla, a free (as in beer and speech) forum application that's powering a number of forums large and small, ranging from the Chronicles of George forum all the way up to Penny Arcade. Vanilla is fast, open source, and it's got an active developer community. What's more, it's extremely easy to install and configure.
Ah, but it's not going to be that easy, because we're going to get a two-fer in this issue of Web Served: we're not going to just install Vanilla. We're going to install the beta version of Vanilla.
Why beta?
I want to take a few paragraphs to address this, because it's a bit of an odd choice. Vanilla has a perfectly serviceable production release in version 126.96.36.199, which is unfortunately almost a year old. It works great and many sites use it, but the 2.1 beta version of Vanilla is easily production-ready for a personal website, and it incorporates a truly ridiculous number of improvements over the current release version, inside and out.
I know that the beta is production ready because I'm running it myself. Check out the Chronicles of George forums. I've been using it for almost a full year as it's progressed through alpha to beta, and there are no existing issues with it that will stop it from humming along perfectly well on our test Web server.
If you're not comfortable running beta software in production (though it's arguable whether or not the personal server we've been building as part of this series can be considered a "production" server), then by all means, use the standard version. However, because the beta version really is that much better and really is stable enough to use—and because we're about learning stuff here, not configuring a forum that will support a million users under load—we're going with 2.1.
The prerequisite: Git
We're entering adventurous territory and installing the beta instead of the release, but first we need to first install the means by which we're going to grab Vanilla: Git. Git is a version control system—a tool which lets developers track the changes made to a project's source code over time. A VCS like Git makes copies of a piece of code every time it's changed, saving old revisions and letting a programmer see how his or her code is evolving and allowing them to revert back to a previous version if they make an error. A VCS also lets teams of programmers "check out" blocks of code to work on, ensuring that different team members aren't accidentally working on the same thing at the same time and clobbering each other with edits.
The Vanilla team uses Git to store the Vanilla source code, keeping it in a Web-based Git repository on GitHub, an enormous site that hosts Git projects of every shape and size. In order for us to use the beta version of Vanilla, we're going to install the Git client on our Linux Web server and use it to clone the Vanilla repository down onto our Web server. That will get us a copy of the current Vanilla code. It will also allow us to easily update it as time goes on.
Fortunately, as with so many of the tools we need, installing Git takes only a single command:
sudo aptitude install git
Cloning Vanilla with Git
Once Git is installed, we will clone the "Master" branch of the Vanilla repository. The repo is divided up into several different branches, each of which contains different stages of the project; we want "Master" because it holds the latest complete Vanilla 2.1 release. Features are authored and tested in the other branches and merged into the "Master" branch when the development team has determined that they're relatively stable.
If you look at the master branch, you'll notice that it appears to contain a set of files and directories; these are the files and directories that actually make up Vanilla. We're going to use the
git clone command to make an exact copy of the repository on our Web server, underneath the Nginx Web root (after first launching a root shell so that we don't have to keep prefacing things with
sudo /bin/bash cd /usr/share/nginx/html git clone https://github.com/vanillaforums/Garden.git vanilla chown -R www-data:www-data vanilla
git clone command takes as arguments the repository to clone and the directory into which you want to put the files; we're using
vanilla as the name of our local directory, which Git will create for you. You can name it whatever you'd like (
forum or
cheesegrater would work equally well). The last command ensures that the ownership of the Vanilla directory and all its contents is set to the Nginx account instead of root.
A note on the cloning process: we're not actually making a copy of the files in the Vanilla Git repository, but rather creating our own full code repository, complete with versioning. If you're not going to be doing any hacking on the Vanilla core files, then this doesn't really make much difference, but the framework is all there. Later, we'll cover how to update Vanilla, which will involve a pull from the Vanilla Master branch on GitHub—Git will look at the differences between your local Vanilla setup and the files in the Master branch and retrieve the updates automatically.
SQL configuration
Much like with our previous WordPress setup, getting Vanilla working will require us to create an SQL database for it and a user and password for Vanilla to use with that database. Log in to SQL Buddy, then create a database named "vanilla" using the "Create a new database" section on the home screen. Make sure to change the "Charset" field to "utf8" before hitting "submit."
After the database has been created, click the "Users" menu item at the left of the window, and create a user. As with our previous WordPress user, we want to make sure to only grant this user privileges to interact with the Vanilla database, so change the "Allow access to" radio button from "All databases" to "Selected databases," and then only check the "vanilla" box. After this is set, click "submit."
Nginx and PHP configuration
Vanilla is a PHP application, so we're going to need to set up a PHP location for it so Nginx knows what to do with Vanilla's PHP files.
You can choose whether or not you want to serve Vanilla on its own virtual host (like
forum.yoursite.com) or in a subdirectory on an existing vhost. We're going to serve out of a subdirectory, because that's what we're already doing with our WordPress blog. However, it's not that much extra work to have Vanilla served out of its own host.
Open up your
/etc/nginx/sites-available/www virtual host file for editing. Add the following three locations to the file:
location /vanilla/ { try_files $uri $uri/ @forum; allow 192.168.1.0/24; allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location ~ /vanilla/.*\.php$ { try_files $uri =404; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass php5-fpm-sock; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(.*)$; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; } location @forum { rewrite ^/vanilla/(.+)$ /vanilla/index.php?p=$1 last; }
(If you're using HTTPS, you'll need to duplicate these three locations in the
HTTPS section of your vhost file, with
fastcgi_param HTTPS on; added to the second.)
Two of these blocks should be looking pretty familiar by now. The first defines a location for our forum and sets it to only be visible on our LAN for now—you'd remove this when you want to take your site public. The second sets up our PHP handler, telling Nginx to take requests for files that match its path regex and send them to PHP-FPM to be processed.
One notable line in the PHP handler is
fastcgi_split_path_info. This is particularly important because with Vanilla (and other PHP apps, too), request URLs can contain not just files but also arguments used by the forum application. This line tells Nginx and PHP what parts of the URL contain the actual path and what parts are arguments.
The third location is called a named location. It's prefaced with an "@" sign to set it apart. Named locations aren't intended to point to actual locations, but rather as shortcuts to be used during rewrites. Here, we're using it as the final catchall argument in
/vanilla location's
Why? There are two main reasons, but the biggest is to enable pretty URLs. Vanilla, like most PHP applications, has ugly URLs that are usually made up of a PHP file and a bunch of arguments, but we're going to make them human-readable instead, and that requires doing a bit of rewriting. The forum has a config file option to enable pretty URLs—we're going to flip it on in just a moment—but it needs the Web server's cooperation in order to work, and this is how we supply that cooperation. The rewrite line takes whatever is in the URL after
/vanilla/ and repackages it behind the scenes as an argument after
index.php. Rewrites are quite common in URL prettifying.
There are many ways to tackle this particular rewrite, but the second reason we're doing it this way specifically is so that we can serve up forum-branded 404 pages when files aren't found. This is possible because of how
try_files works. This directive saves a huge amount of time and effort and
if statements (which is good, because you want to avoid using
if with Nginx). You can specify
try_files once on the root of the site, and again on any other locations you've got. The directive tells Nginx what to do when it looks for a URL; in the way we're using it, we're telling Nginx to look for a file that matches the URL's name, and if it finds nothing to then toss a slash on the end of the URL and look for a directory with that name, and if it finds nothing to then pass the entire URL to the
@forum named location. That location, as we've seen, sticks the request on the end of
index.php and runs it. The forum takes care of supplying its own 404 pages because anything you put into the URL bar will be parsed through PHP. If it corresponds to something Vanilla understands, it will serve the object; if not, it will serve its own 404 page.
There's more Nginx configuration to be done to add a dash of security and to make the URLs pretty, but we'll hold off on that until the end. First, we're going to finish up and get Vanilla operational. Make sure to have Nginx reload its config files before you proceed so that the changes will be made active:
/etc/init.d/nginx reload


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text: Learners discover how apply to research methods to their study of Positive Psychology. In this course, we study with Dr. Angela Duckworth and Dr. Claire Robertson-Kraft. Through an exploration their work "True Grit" and interviews with researchers and practitioners, you develop a research hypothesis and learn how to understand the difference between internal and external validity. You also begin to understand and apply the strengths and weaknesses associated with different types of measurements and evaluation designs. You then interpret the results in an empirical study. Suggested prerequisites: Positive Psychology: Martin E. P. Seligman's Visionary Science and Positive Psychology: Applications and Interventions.


text:
Other Information:
Do's and Dont's for TENS Electrode Removal
Do: Peel electrode pad from liner or skin by lifting at any corner.
Dont: Pull on the wire at any time for removal.
If electrode gel would seem dry, add just a few drops of water on the gel.
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The properties of a product may change or be inaccurate following the posting or printing of the product information in the document, either in the print or online version. Caution should be exercised when using or purchasing any products from OTC Wholesale's online or print documents by closely examining the product packaging and the labeling prior to use.
Due to product changes, information listed in this document is subject to change without notice. This information is placed solely for your convenience in ordering and OTC Wholesale disclaims all responsibility for its completeness and accuracy, whether or not the inaccuracy or incompleteness is due to fault or error by OTC Wholesale.


text:
For driving directions, click on the Google Map.
A parking garage is located at 203 North LaSalle, directly across from Gould & Ratner's offices. Entrance to this self-park garage is on LaSalle Street or Clark Street (one block to the east).
Parking is also available across the Chicago River on LaSalle Street.
The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) operates subways, elevated trains and buses throughout the city. Route maps, schedules and other information is available at:
The CTA Blue, Brown, Green, Orange and Purple Lines can be accessed at the Thompson Center, Lake Street entrance, one half block east of LaSalle Street. The Thompson Center
is one block from Gould & Ratner.
The CTA Red Line can be accessed at Lake and State Streets, four blocks from Gould & Ratner.
Metra: Schedules and other information is available on the Metra website: www.metrarail.com
Ogilvie Transportation Center – 500 W. Madison Street (Madison & Canal)
Union Station – 210 S. Canal Street (between Adams & Jackson)
LaSalle Street Station – 414 S. LaSalle Street (LaSalle & Van Buren)
Millennium Station – 151 N. Michigan Avenue (access from Randolph or South Water)
When visiting Gould & Ratner, please be sure to bring your photo identification. Security check-in is located in the lobby at the LaSalle Street entrance. You may enter
the building on Wells Street and then proceed to the security check-in desk.
As a paralegal in Gould & Ratner's Estate Planning and Wealth Transfer practice, Megan Phillips handles compliance matters associated with income tax, charitable giving...


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TNB: Eliminated
Bouldering was climbing's highest art form. Then it was regimented. Can the pure experience be reclaimed?
Now is a pivotal, degrading and confusing time to be a boulderer in America. Last year top climbers committed themselves to seeing the sport progress. Because we're
American. It's what we do. The time turned out to be right and our country got its first V16. Then, right away, almost uncannily, we got another. As
if the V16 barrier was made of eggshell.
The sport had jumped to a new level, yet questions remained about what V16 was and what it even meant. V15s—the same ones that we made a huge
deal about in 2009—were downgraded. In Colorado especially, many new problems were established and a lot of old ones were flashed, sometimes
with the beta used by the first ascentionist, sometimes not. New solutions were discovered, then deemed eliminates. Apparently, this was problematic
for the record-book keepers. Does that count? What's on? What's off? Where's the line between highball and soloing? And who's to say what's a dab?
The momentous year ended with no satisfying answer about what bouldering is.
Grades are stupid. This is a fact that everyone can agree upon in theory, but almost no one can get behind in practice. You'd have to be on some kind of
Dalai Lama higher plane to be immune to the power and ubiquity of grades. The notion of bouldering without the V-scale is as unrealistic as getting
through 2011 without a smart phone. Technically, it can be done, but inevitably everyone with a smart phone begins to think that you are just trying
to prove an annoying point by not having one, meanwhile inconveniencing them for directions, weather and Pandora streams.
Chris Sharma pulled it off for a while with the whole I don't grade anything thing. That was when he was primarily bouldering, however, and it's a little-known
fact that this mantra was specific to bouldering. Now that he's a sport climber again, Chris grades his routes. Are grades more appropriate for sport
climbs than boulder problems? Yes.
Once in the near-distant past, I wandered the beige washes of Joe's Valley, half disconsolate over a twinge in my neck and the Atlas burden of a Mondo
crash pad, half discombobulated by the erratically graded erratics. That morning I had flashed a number of V7s, while other V6s handed me my ass in
a paper bag. None of it made sense. I wondered if I was having a good day. Well, was I climbing well or not? My happiness completely depended on knowing
this answer.
At Fingerhut, climbers and pads abounded. I scooched a pad beneath the sit-start, but eventually, awkwardly, was informed that doing the first
move doesn't count if you have three inches of foam under your ass. Fine. I scooched the pad back, then curled my tips upon the small, sharp razors.
Every climber knows that Newton got it wrong: Gravity is not a constant, but a variable force susceptible to luck, coincidence and how much training we've
done. For me, gravity was ferocious in that moment, similar to the way the wind can whip off the ocean and produce magnificent waves, and then suddenly
disappear, leaving the sea as still as glass. I landed squat on my tailbone on the compacted earth and thought, This problem sucks.
A single move cannot be graded. Well, it can. But I find this silly, like how all dunks in a basketball game are given two points. There is a difference
between Shaq standing on his tippy-toes and plonking the ball through the hoop, and the graceful flight of Michael Jordan swooping in from the free-throw
Style matters. There is a climber and a path up a piece of stone. The path chosen, and the style in which it is climbed, says everything about the person
On the cutting-edge first ascent of Ambrosia in the Buttermilks, Kevin Jorgeson used beta that clocked in around V14. On the second ascent, Alex
Honnold found a sequence that bumped the problem down to V11. Recently, a foothold broke, and now the sequence is more like easy V12.
Interesting, but the number crunching masks a greater truth. These guys are climbing the plumb black water-streak up an unrelenting 60-foot granite egg.
So freaking rad.
Highballing has become the most cumbersome endeavor in bouldering. The standard for many cutting-edge highballs nowadays is to round up between 10 and
15 pads, and have about that number of people—aka the spotters—carry the pads and spot the project. That sounds fun.
Livin' Large (V15), Nalle Hukkataival's amazing highball first ascent in South Africa's Rocklands, is over a 45-minute hike uphill. The sheer
logistics of just getting all those pads and people to the base of the climb almost make it seem not worth the effort, like the difference between
expedition and alpine-style mountaineering, albeit on a smaller scale.
The simplicity of the latter is what is so righteous and alluring. Fun arises out of the relative ease.
Boone Speed's prediction is that highballing, burdened by this unwieldiness of a dozen pads and spotters, would one day undergo a renaissance, and boulderers
would begin to employ British headpoint tactics on the house-sized blocks of Bishop and Hueco. Two climbers, a rope and a small rack. It's all you'd
Have you ever tried Millipede, the devious V6 in Horsepens 40? This problem requires a very specific strength, one that perhaps can only be gained by squeezing
the sides of a refrigerator and lifting it. Of Millipede, Paul Robinson said, "It is humbling to know that some of the easiest climbs can thwart some
of the best climbers. How can someone who climbs V15 not be able to climb this?"
How do you grade something? Take 10 suggestions and throw out the highest and lowest grades. Average the rest. After arriving at your answer, take it with
a grain of salt, which ironically renders the whole exercise moot to begin with. Says the 6'5", plus-3 ape-indexed Pete Ward, "As an outlier on the
bell curve of body size, I can tell you how truly ridiculous grades are. I have technically done V11 the same day I couldn't do a V7 in the same style.
What does it say when a random tall dude could accidentally climb at such a high level on a given day?"
I think that John Gill had it right with the B Scale. Three levels: easy (B1), hard (B2), impossible (B3). That's sort of what it feels like, anyway: there
are problems you can warm up on, problems that take effort, and problems that you'll never do. When you realize that it really is this simple, then
you can just go bouldering and not worry about what something is rated.
Part of me wants to get on 8a.nu and register all the insignificant problems
and routes that I send as V14 or 5.15a with the comment "Hard … for me. Second try." It's not untruthful. Why not? It really did feel hard. For
me. This would make a small point. Grades are subjective. Hardly original or provocative. At least it would be exciting to be the number-one-ranked climber
in the absurd world of 8a.nu for a minute. I'd never actually do that, of course, because then I'd be like the guy who gets on climbing forums and posts
about how stupid climbing forums are. That was I once. Not anymore.
I've ceased trying to reconcile the vibrant, nuanced reality of my life—a world filled with real climbers; the friends and people who matter—with
the virtual realities of online climbing avatars.
Climbing shouldn't be defined in a forum. You must experience it firsthand, over many years, to begin to understand it. This sport is too full-scale.
Not even the Internet is large enough to contain it.
The first V7 I ever climbed is now rated V6, according to the area's brand-new guidebook. That was 10 years ago, when I ditched French class every Friday
morning and made the bleary drive—a medium Dunkin' Donuts, one cream, nestled between my legs—from Boston down to the urban forest of Lincoln
Woods an hour south. I was with the two Daves; occasionally we'd throw in a Jon or an Al, but never Jack because screw Jack. I couldn't have told you the
problem's name. The only thing that mattered was the grade, which shimmered in my mind like a motivational beacon.
Over a dozen autumn days, I worked that V7 until one day I scraped up it. I recall my right shoulder nearly giving out, a sickening sensation of bone,
tendon and muscle moving incongruously for one sharp, near-fatal moment, as if an arbiter of injury had stood in judgment over a physique it deemed not
yet ready to bear a full-body-weight gaston. But through something like beginner's luck, the rotator cuff realigned, and I got away with it. Does it now
bother me that one memorable success in bouldering has been downgraded? Not at all.
OK, well maybe a little. Egos are funny that way, which is the heart of the matter. Yet when I reflect about bouldering and what it should be, I always
return to the idea that it shouldn't be anything.
Bouldering surpasses all other climbing endeavors in its simplicity. There's beauty and meaning in this ease. No gear is needed to boulder, though a pair
of shoes, a little chalk and a pad greatly enhance the experience. In surfing, there is no proper way to catch or ride waves; the only rule is really more
of a belief: that because there are waves, they ought be surfed.
There are amazing rocks with incredibly cool holds everywhere. I believe they should be climbed. Acknowledging these rocks as open canvases elevates the
experience to an art form, and the climber to an artist. Time well spent. This is all climbing was ever meant to be. The climbers who understand that rules
are meant to be broken, and do so with good style, will be the ones who truly help the sport progress.
But bouldering has been sliced, diced, organized and structured to the point that the very thing that makes bouldering beautiful—its simplicity—has
been lost. Extreme reductionism, taken too far. In our effort to define and understand bouldering, we've abandoned the best thing about it. We've appropriated
boulder problems as opportunities to measure ourselves against others, instead of the rock itself.
It's not the aesthetic arete—it's "the V8," but it's only V8 if you climb it exactly like the first ascentionist, and if you don't, then somehow
what you've done is less valuable and even wrong.
I think bouldering could benefit if climbers once again thought of the rock as a naturally occurring test that allows you to fully express yourself. The
first step is to be free to choose your own path and find your own beta. The second step is to forget about using rock climbing as a way to be seen,
gain fame, or determine how you stack up against your climbing partner. The third step is not to allow what others do take away from your sense of
achievement, and the lessons learned from following your own path.
As Paul Robinson says, "I love the pursuit of climbing hard established problems, mainly for the struggle it takes to figure out the movements. There is
still joy in this, but when it comes to the finite details of whether starting two inches higher with one hand changes the grade of the climb, it makes
me want to go off and establish my own climbs where there are no rules."
These ideals sound nice but I find them nearly impossible to put into practice. I'm no different than anyone else. I want to know how to start a problem,
what holds are on or off, where it finishes and what its grade is because those elements add to the enjoyment I derive from properly completing a well-defined
Jamie Emerson, who has led the way in defining the rules of bouldering on his blog b3bouldering.com, writes convincingly on this subject: "If you want
to make the claim that you have climbed, for example, Slashface, in Hueco Tanks, then you should define what Slashface is, where
it starts, where it finishes, and what techniques are acceptable to constitute an ascent. What really degrades climbing is when climbers take advantage
of the inherent trust built into the sport and climb less than what they say they've climbed. I think bouldering is amazingly challenging. When people
claim to have achieved the same [as I], but perhaps started higher than I did, then I feel that diminishes not only my effort, but more importantly,
the efforts of every climber who is honestly doing what they say they are doing."
A balance can allow for well-defined grades and demarcated rules
to exist in tandem with aesthetics and simplicity. If there were no rules or grades, then we might as well just walk to the top of the boulder via the
back side. And what fun would that be?


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Let's kick off this HTC One X+ review by dealing with the elephant in the room.
If you're an Android phone maker today, you need to answer a fundamental question: Why should someone buy this instead of Samsung's Galaxy S III? (Yes, I'm riffing on a similar question once posed by my colleague, Harry McCracken.) Because the reality is that Samsung's savvy marketing–plus the fact that it makes great phones–have allowed the Galaxy S III to become widely available across all wireless carriers, and therefore wildly popular. It's simply the standard for anyone who's not buying an iPhone, and other phone makers need to wrestle with that.
For the last week or so, I've been using an HTC One X+ on AT&T, which sells for $200 on-contract. It's an update to the earlier One X in a few key areas: It has a faster processor, a bigger battery, more storage and a newer version of Android. You know what? Those are exactly the same advantages the One X+ holds over the Galaxy S III, except for the equally-sized battery. The question is whether those differences, and others, are enough to help the One X+ stand out.
(MORE: Compared: HTC's One X, One S and Evo 4G LTE)
It's a nicely-designed phone, covered in grippy, soft-touch plastic with comfortable, rounded corners. The edges of the One X+ are angled slightly inward, helping to frame the hand while making the 4.7-inch, 1280-by-720 S-LCD display appear to thrust toward the user. It's a gorgeous screen too; while it doesn't have the pop of an AMOLED display, you couldn't see a pixel on it if you tried.
Like HTC's other recent Android phones, the One X+ has three capacitive buttons on the bottom: one for back, one for home, and one for a list of recent apps. You can switch that last one to a menu button, so it's more like the Galaxy S III. If you don't, some apps will clog up screen real estate with a big black bar dedicated only to the menu, so I think switching the hardware button's functionality is the way to go.
My only gripes with the design are that the power button is on top, rather than the side, where it'd be easier to hit, and that the volume rocker is so flush with the side of the device that it always takes an effort to find and press. I also never got used to the placement of the microUSB charger on the upper-left edge of the phone, but that's really a minor complaint.
But what about those specs, the ones that help the One X+ stand above its rival, at least on paper?
The truth is that most of them don't make a huge difference. The One X+ is no slouch at basic tasks, but I did notice some minor stutters while flipping through the home screen, and some choppiness while playing Dead Trigger, a game that's supposed to be optimized for this phone's Tegra 3 processor. It has half the RAM of the Galaxy S III's U.S. version, at 1 GB, but that never became a problem for me while switching between apps.
(MORE: New HTC Android Phones Tweaked to Evade Apple Patents)
As for battery life, I found that the One X+ got through most days of moderate use without a problem, but on travel days where I was regularly fiddling with it, placing calls and listening to streaming music, the phone ran out of juice just before bedtime. It's not a phone you can use constantly without worry, and keep in mind that the battery is non-replaceable.
In the camera department, HTC and Samsung are basically equals–unrivaled ones, at that–with instant shutter speeds that produce excellent 8-megapixel photos. The camera app provides quick access to key features like flash and filter effects, and you can easily snap several photos in a row by holding the shutter button down. I particularly like the feature that lets you snap photos from a video you've already recorded; it works really well, even in fast-motion situations.
The rest of HTC's Sense interface is hit-or-miss. The lock screen, which lets you quickly jump into a few favorite apps, is still one of HTC's most clever software features, and the software in general is a lot smoother and less obnoxious than it used to be. The software keyboard on the One X+ is fast and accurate, and it has Swype-like gesture typing built-in. On the downside, HTC's use of pea-green accents throughout its software is an undesirable remnant of Android's earlier days, and as a whole I wish the visual style of the interface hewed closer to stock Android's futuristic vibes. Also, the lack of quick settings access via the notification area is a drawback, but at least HTC provides a decent amount of toggle widgets that you can add to the home screen.
In the end, the HTC One X+ isn't a major leap over the Galaxy S III, but I came away thinking it's a slightly better phone for a few other reasons: It has loads more storage, at a whopping 64 GB, and I shamefully admit liking the phone's Beats Audio integration for listening to music through headphones, even though I know the excessive bass is drowning out all kinds of nuance. The fact that the One X+ comes pre-loaded with Android 4.1, including the increasingly useful Google Now, is a nice bonus, and in principle I appreciate that HTC doesn't get in your face with gimmicky software features like Samsung does with the pointless S-Voice virtual assistant.
I'm not sure whether all of that provides a crystal-clear answer to the fundamental question at the top of this review. But if you've been thinking about picking up a Galaxy S III, the One X+ does raise another question of its own: Why wouldn't you at least consider something a little better?


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WordPress.com users were greeted with a new Media Manager over the weekend. This is the new media uploader coming in WordPress 3.5 when it releases December 5, 2012.
For most of us, this is a long-awaited, dream come true. The clunky WordPress Image Uploader is gone, replaced with one more visual and easy-to-use.
The announcement article provides basic instructions and information on the new Media Manager. For the most part, the new Media Manager for WordPress is intuitive to use, but there are still a few quirks you will encounter.
The benefits of the new WordPress Media Manager are immediately clear. The interface is clean and streamlined, helping you choose fast among only a few choices.
It begins with a new and improved "Add Media" button above the post and Page content area on the WordPress Administration Panels. Gone are the many little icons to select for images, video, audio, etc. It's one simple button.
The Insert Media opening panel removes the old tabs and gives you four choices: Upload files, Media Library, Embed from URL, and Playlist Editor.
Upload Files: Upload files is the same as the old version. Simply drag and drop files from your desktop or file manager to the box and the images will automatically upload.
Media Library: Similar to the old version, this takes you directly to the Media Library, however the interface is completely changed. More on this in a moment.
Embed from URL/From URL: Flickr, YouTube, Vimeo, any other embedded multimedia are added to your site through here. Simply paste in the link, add descriptive text, and insert the media. WordPress.com currents displays this as "Embed from URL" and the nightly version of WordPress 3.5 beta displays "From URL."
Playlist Editor: Only available for WordPress.com users. If you have the space upgrade for WordPress.com, you can play your mp3 files such as podcasts sorted in playlists. It may be available as a WordPress Plugin for self-hosted versions of WordPress.
NOTE: Please note that most of the images used in this tutorial are set by example to be thumbnail or medium-sized image, and all feature links to the WordPress Attachment Page, a feature of WordPress often overlooked.
Image Embeds and Galleries
|US Federal Laws For Web Accessibility and Images
All images on commercial or government websites are required by law to feature alternative descriptions within their HTML image tag. In WordPress, this is set in the ALT Text of the Attachment Details.
The "title" of the image is similar to the title of a painting. Think of Mona Lisa by Da Vinci. "Mona Lisa" would be the title, but if you were not familiar with the Mona Lisa, you would need to have it described to you. This is the purpose of the Alternative Text, a description that describes the image. "Painted portrait of a woman sitting in a chair not smiling, painted by Leonardo Da Vinci." That would be an adequate description of the physical attributes of the image.
Descriptions such as "museum art" or "try not smiling today" are not allowed. They may inject keywords and be appropriate to the article content, but they are not appropriate descriptions of the image. The description must describe the image.
The new Media Manager is highly intuitive, but here are the things you need to know, and a few quirks you may encounter as it is new and still in development.
To begin, note that when uploading multiple images, you can move around on the Media panel while the uploads are in process, uploading new files or adding titles, captions, and alternative text descriptions on individual images. This should speed up some of the administrative tasks as you don't have to wait for the images to finish uploading.
You can choose from the dropdown menu to filter the images displayed to all media items, images uploaded to this post, all images only, all audio, or all video.
There is no need to upload all your images again or make changes. The new Media Manager works with all images uploaded in the past. Just like the previous Image Uploader, it will not include images manually uploaded via FTP to your site.
Note: A quirk of the new uploader is that all images are selected automatically. If you click "Insert into post," all the images will be inserted. This makes a mess and can be frustrating if you are not prepared for it.
At the bottom left corner of the screen, select "Clear" to unselect all the selected images so you can select which image you wish to insert into the post, or select the images you wish to add to a gallery post. If you do this by mistake, simply click on the images and choose to remove them from the post panel (they are not deleted from WordPress just your post) and add them properly.
Selecting and Editing Image Details
To select a single image for inserting into a post, click it and the image details appear to the right along with a thumbnail of the selected image.
Fill in the information as usual, but notice that the required asterisk for the title is no longer there. The title is the name of your file. Change this to an appropriate name instead of the weird file name from your camera. Remember, this title also becomes the title of your image Attachment Page.
The ALT Text is a requirement in compliance with US and other country web accessibility laws. This must be filled in as a sentence, with a capital letter to begin and a period to end, if you choose to comply. Compliance is required for businesses, non-profits, government agencies, and sites which serve the public (as in not your personal blog or online journal – money making sites, yes, as those are businesses).
Attachment Display Settings may be slightly confusing. They are similar to the former settings. Please note, this is the area in which you set the image alignment on the post or Page not the Attachment Page. Set it for Center, Left, or Right to align the image and have the text wrap around it on the post or Page.
Link To can be set to none, Custom URL (such as a link to a website), Media File (link to the image directly), or Attachment Page.
Attachment Pages are often overlooked in WordPress. These allow images to be showcased on their own post when clicked through via the attachment page link on the original post.
Attachment Pages features an enlarged view of the image (if the original is larger) and the title of the image as the Attachment Page post title (another reason to title your images better than DSC1294059305892370.jpg), and the comment box. This gives people the opportunity to comment on a specific image and say, "Hey, look! It's me!" Click on the image on the Attachment Page and the full size image will be displayed on a blank web page. [Click the image to the right to see what an Attachment Page looks like in WordPress.]
Size: The last part of the Attachment Details for the image is the size. WordPress still features the small, medium, large, and full-size options for each image uploaded. These are the sizes for the image in the post, not for the Attachment Page. The Attachment Page will display the image at its full-size or the maximum width permitted by the WordPress Theme, whichever is less.
Featured Image: The featured image in WordPress has also been updated with the new Media Manager to make the process even easier. Choose the Featured Image feature from the post or Page editing panel and upload or select the image you wish to use. No longer can you select an image and assign it as a featured image directly from the Media Manager, making the decision a conscious one.
|Understanding WordPress Galleries
In some programs and publishing platforms, galleries are collections of images stored together and associated with each other.
In WordPress, a "gallery" is a method of displaying more than one image on a Post or Page in a gallery format. The images may be uploaded at the same time you create the post or Page, or uploaded at any time.
The new Media Manager in WordPress makes it easy to select any images from the Media Library, freeing you from the bonds of images in collections or associated with a specific post.
You do not need an additional WordPress Plugin to manage galleries unless you wish. Galleries are styled based upon the WordPress Theme.
Before the new Media Manager, galleries in WordPress consisted of the images you uploaded "attached" to a specific post, or you had to manually find and use the image ID numbers for every image you wished to put into a gallery from the Media Library and insert them into a shortcode. Bye-bye to this painful part of galleries in WordPress!
Gone, too, is the "Gallery" tab to which all uploaded images to a specific post to be "stored" virtually. The images can be selected from the entire Media Library or filtered to only the images associated with that post. To view the images attached to that post, select from the media filter dropdown box at the top of the Media Library screen, "Uploaded to this post."
The double clicking to access images while writing and editing a post continues, but now is three clicks. Instead of the two clicks to get to the post gallery of images, you now click Add Media then Media Library and work from the images in there, or click a third time with the dropdown media filter menu to display only images uploaded to this post. I'm still dreaming of having images uploaded to this post visible on the post or Page panel, skipping the need to go to the Media Manager. I live in hope.
With the new WordPress Media Manager, to select images for a gallery post, in the post, upload images you wish to use or go to the Media Library access through the Add Media feature.
Select each image and a checkbox will appear in the upper right corner of the image.
At the bottom of the screen it will read "1 selected" with an Edit and Clear option next to a tiny thumbnail of the selected image. Select another and it will report "2 selected" and add that image to the thumbnails.
The Edit button under the number of selected images is not for editing posts. It is for editing the selected posts for the gallery.
Clear removes the check marks and deselects the images.
When you choose more than one image, a new button appears at the bottom right corner of the screen, "Create a new gallery."
Here is where some people may get confused.
If you choose Insert into post, the selected images will be inserted into the post per the Attachment Display Settings. If they are set for center and full-size, the images will be displayed as such. If they are set for thumbnails and align right, the images will display accordingly.
If you choose Create a new gallery, you will be taken to the gallery "preview" screen.
The Gallery preview screen allows you to set the Gallery settings for the images such as where the images link (by default they link to the Attachment Page), and the columns, the number of images to show across the page.
You may drag and drop to reorder the images, and instantly add captions. Click "Describe this image" below each image to add a caption. The caption will display on the image in the gallery. If you wish to not feature a caption within your gallery, do not add one.
Click on an image to access the Attachment Details, filling in the title, caption, and required ALT text, the description of the image. Do this for all images within the gallery.
When you are ready, select Insert gallery.
If you aren't confused by now, you will be.
If you are using the WordPress Visual Editor, you will see a large box on the post panel with snapshot of a scenic mountain and a point-and-shoot camera. You will not see your lovely gallery.
If you are in the text editor, you will see a shortcode for the gallery featuring the ID numbers of the images within the gallery.
Not what you were expecting.
To view your gallery, save as Draft and click the Preview button to open a preview of your post or Page in a new tab. Remember, the way the images are displayed as a gallery are dictated by your WordPress Theme or any WordPress Plugins you add to customize the built-in gallery feature of WordPress.
Not happy with the results in the Preview?
In the Visual Editor, click the box and choose the icon with the photograph to edit and rearrange your gallery in the Media Manager. In the Text Editor, delete the code and start over or rearrange the image ID numbers to sort them into the preferred order unless set by ascending or descending.
In the past, images were associated with their "original post," the post to which they were originally uploaded. Some people used this to link an image back to that post. To do so, choose "Custom URL" from the Attachment Display Settings and paste in the link to that original post.
Editing Images
NOTE: While writing and publishing this article, WordPress.com has added a link to "Click here to go to the Advanced Image Editor" on the individual image details. This opens the Image Editor in WordPress. Expect this to be cleaned up with a button or something prettier by the time WordPress 3.5 is released.
The image editor is not as easily accessed as it was previously.
You cannot currently edit an image from within the Post or Page Add Media "uploader" screens.
To edit an image, leave the post or Page and go to the Media > Library panel.
You have two options. You may upload a new image and select Edit to edit it immediately, or choose from the list of previously uploaded images.
If you choose to upload a new image, note that the Edit link opens a new browser window or tab without warning. If nothing happens, go hunting through your browser tabs.
From the list of images, find the image you wish to edit and hover over it. The Edit option will appear.
The Edit Media screen allows you to basically edit the Attachment Post as well as the image.
On the Edit Media screen, you may change the image title which is shown on the Attachment Page title. You may add or edit the caption, Alternative Text, and even add content on the Attachment Page like you would a post or Page, explaining the image, adding more information and links, or whatever you may wish to do.
To edit the image, click Edit Image to get to the WordPress Image Editor built into WordPress.
The WordPress Image Editor is a very limited editor. It allows rotating the image, cropping, flipping, and setting the Thumbnail settings for that specific image. Using the Scale Image feature, you may resize the image, though do so carefully as you must enter both numbers. If you make the image wider or narrower than its original proportions, distortion will occur.
Get Excited for WordPress 3.5
This is just one of the new features coming out in WordPress 3.5 on December 5, 2012.
For the most part, this is the only feature with the most changes, and I feel that the Media Manager isn't done. I hope these little quirks will be fixed as the development team continues to work on this, especially the lack of a gallery preview in the post. I look forward to the Media Manager becoming integrated more into the post and Page panel, much like the powerful File Gallery WordPress Plugin, a Plugin I dream of being added to core. The bouncing back and forth from the post to the Media Manager continues to be a time waster, but the new interface will definitely speed things up.
In brief, WordPress 3.5 brings changes to to WordPress with the Links Manager (aka Blogroll) gone, the Twenty-Twelve WordPress Theme, a new Welcome Screen to make the entry into WordPress better, and some general workflow and button modifications.
For a full list of the feature changes and improvements, see WordPress Version 3.5 in the WordPress Codex.
As with all major updates to WordPress, this one is mandatory as it includes some underlying technology changes essential to protect your site and improve its functionality. Don't wait for the dot one release. Update immediately when you see the announcement. If you don't regularly follow the news, put it on your calendar for December 5, 2012.
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Team Stone Ladies
March 29, 2022 at 12:00pm - 2:00pm
An event every 2 weeks that begins at 12:00pm on Tuesday, repeating indefinitely
Team Stone Ladies meet every other Tuesday at 12 noon at The Mill Hotel in Stone.
As well as structured referral marketing there is also an opportunity for a minute message – your opportunity to inform the team on what you do and also open networking.
NetworkIN operates on a sector-exclusive basis, meaning that if there is an advocate already in the team that does what you do then it will not be possible for you to attend that meeting. However, with teams operating from hubs across Staffordshire and further afield we will likely have a team that will be able to welcome you along. Simply check out our teams or contact NetworkIN HQ on 01785 291 129 or [email protected] and we will happily help.
We do restrict our meeting number to allow for a positive referral marketing meeting experience, so if you are looking for an opportunity to promote your business right now, seeking to surround yourself with people facing the same challenges as yourself and maintaining a positive mindset TAKE ACTION and book today.
To attend the next meeting simply enter your details on the booking form and we will send an invite to you.


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Intel's next generation of Atom processors made headlines last week because it will completely eschew Linux support, but that wasn't the only detail about the new Clover Trail platform that came out of last week's Intel Developer Forum—the same power usage optimizations that make it incompatible with Linux also make it an interesting choice for Windows 8 tablets, and give us a peek at the power-saving tricks used in Intel's next-generation Haswell chips to boot.
Clover Trail basics
Slated to arrive in October, the Clover Trail SoC is a close relative of the Medfield platform that we've seen in Atom-powered smartphones like the Xolo 900—it uses the same 32nm CPU architecture (codenamed Saltwell), but is a dual-core rather than a single-core part and is paired with a more powerful GPU, a dual-core PowerVR SGX 544MP2 GPU that is said to be comparable to Apple's A5X in graphics performance.
We'll likely see Clover Trail in many of the first Windows 8 tablets, slotted in between the Windows RT devices at the low end and the low-power Ivy Bridge devices at the high end—Lenovo's ThinkPad Tablet 2 is said to use Clover Trail, as are several of the other laptop-like Windows 8 tablets introduced at this year's IFA. According by Intel, Clover Trail should enable these tablets to deliver ten hours of battery life and a month or so of standby time in an 8.5mm thick package that weighs about a pound and a half—comparable, in other words, to current 10" ARM-based tablets.
Power savings: the "active idle" system state revisited
The most interesting bits revealed about Clover Trail pertained to how it achieves these battery life numbers—in Intel's Haswell presentation, the company talked about a new system power state it dubbed "S0ix," also called "active idle." Unlike the traditional S3 and S4 (sleep and hibernate, respectively) states, a system in this S0ix state is still connected to the Internet, and Windows applications that use background task and push notification APIs can still retrieve data. System resume time is also said to be instantaneous, wasting less power than in the transition between sleep states.
Another power-saving feature, and one that is standard in basically all mobile devices these days, is hardware accelerated video and audio playback designed to offload these common tasks from the CPU to more power-efficient parts of the SoC. Clover Trail's GPU can decode 1080p MPEG4, H.264, and MPEG2 streams, and its audio offloading engine can be used to play HTML5 audio or audio from applications using the Windows Media Foundation or Windows Audio Session APIs—however, the audio engine is only available to applications from the Windows Store, and not to standard desktop applications.
The Clover Trail platform also supports other standard tablet amenities—magnetometers, accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPSes, NFC, and ambient light sensors are all supported, and the chip includes an image signal processor (ISP) that helps it process images and video taken with integrated cameras.
Conclusions and observations on the Linux situation
While Clover Trail's power usage technology will be interesting (and will give us some indication of how accurate Intel's lofty power usage numbers for Haswell chips are), the processor itself is going to sport performance that's not much faster than the Atoms that we've been seeing in netbooks for the last few years. Next year's Bay Trail platform—which will introduce quad-core chips, Intel's own in-house GPUs, and a major architectural upgrade to the Atom line—should prove to be a more interesting performer.
While Intel has played up the new chip's compatibility with Windows 8, it's worth noting that the lack of support for Linux in this particular Atom seems to me like an anomaly rather than the new normal. In its Haswell presentation, Intel made no mention of the S0ix power state being incompatible with non-Windows operating systems, saying only that the sleep state transitions would be "automatic" and "transparent to well-written software." It's also worth noting that Medfield SoCs, which are extremely similar to Clover Trail SoCs, run Android in smartphones without complaint.
I wouldn't expect this Linux support issue to affect future Atom chips, especially those used outside of tablets. Server chips are still on Intel's roadmaps for both its Atom and Core-series CPUs, and while lack of support for Linux on the desktop wouldn't have much of an impact on Intel's bottom line, putting the same restrictions on server chips would be a much larger problem. If anything, the Bay Trail Atom platform's switch away from PowerVR GPUs back to Intel's own in-house graphics products should improve Linux driver compatibility—we won't know anything for sure until the Bay Trail chips are nearer to launching, but I'd be very much surprised if they don't restore Linux compatibility to the lineup.
Listing image by Intel


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Avon Corporate Information
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If Toronto Mayor Rob Ford doesn't win
, he may have a backup career: DJing. On Saturday, Ford stopped by a fundraiser at Toronto nightclub,
. He took the stage and dropped some beats with a little help from Toronto-based producer Memorecks. Of course, DJ Ford's turntable debut was caught on camera. Pro tip: Ford's best beats come at 0:10 and 1:30 minutes. In between, Memorecks gives him some mixing lessons. This isn't the first time Ford has shown us that he has rhythm. In December, the mayor
danced to a cover of Bob Marley's 'One Love'
during a city council meeting.


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TOPEKA, Kan. (AP) New members of the Kansas Senate will have a majority on the chamber's Ways and Means Committee and a key role in drafting budget legislation.
Incoming Senate Majority Leader Terry Bruce of Hutchinson says new members expressed strong interest in budget issues.
Republican leaders appointed three GOP senators-elect new to the Legislature to the 11-member committee: Steve Fitzgerald of Leavenworth, Jeff Melcher of Leawood and Michael O'Donnell of Wichita.
Four House members who won Senate seats this year will also serve on Ways and Means: Tom Arpke of Salina, Jim Denning of Overland Park, Dan Kerschen of Garden Plain and Larry Powell of Garden City.
Andover Republican Ty Masterson will chair the committee. The Democratic members are long-time Sens. Laura Kelly of Topeka and Marci Francisco of Lawrence.


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Editorial: Lighting Controls and Zero Energy Homes
An article in this issue, "Boosting Multifamily Energy Savings Through Lighting Control Settings" (page 38), has implications beyond dramatic savings in stairwells in apartment buildings. Ostensibly the article is about proper settings for motion sensors and the ideal "off-delay time," that is, the time the lights stay on before automatically switching off. The authors recommend that the lights should be set to switch off after only 30 seconds rather than the 30 minutes recommended by ASHRAE (see Figure 1). That's more than a 90% reduction! This isn't really a discovery because the stairwell lights in French apartment buildings have been using a delay-off time of 30 seconds for almost a century.
On the way to this recommendation, however, we learn that high-rise apartment buildings in the United States still lack any motion sensors in stairwells, hallways, and other public places. Many of those buildings are in New York City and cities with high electricity prices, making the potential cost savings especially attractive for landlords. While the energy savings are significant, the security aspects are really intriguing but are hard to value. An intruder can't hide in the shadows because the motion sensor will switch on the lights. If the lights are on, then somebody else is there. Thus, a well-controlled lighting system could even enhance security even though most of the time the area is darker than when someone is present.
Total darkness saves lots of electricity but it probably won't sell. That's why the future of public-area lighting is probably bi-level, that is, where very low illumination levels are maintained until somebody appears and the lights spring up to bright. These systems are now being installed in parking lots and garages. The Japanese have used manually-controlled bi-level lighting in offices and homes for decades but digital controls give this feature new advantages.
Next we learn that only a few manufacturers of lighting controls offer such short delay-off times. ASHRAE and other standards committees need to clarify that delay-off times of less than thirty minutes are acceptable. Indeed, changes like this will be essential if buildings are to achieve zero net energy targets.
In the future nearly all illumination in public areas will be controlled by a motion sensor, a light sensor, a clock, or be part of a network. The energy savings will be enormous. Will this future happen sooner or later? For it to happen sooner, the designers—and the installers—need to make these kinds of controls a desirable feature rather than an irritant.
I also want to call your attention to a second article in this issue, "How Net Zero Can Save New England Homeowners Thousands of Dollars" (page 30). That title (and conclusion) is based on data from real homes occupied by real people. The cost of building a low energy home and then pairing it with PV continues to fall as builders gain experience with both sides of the energy equation. To be sure, the analysis excludes some intangible costs and benefits—for example, I'd pay extra to live in a net zero home during a power outage—but the life cycle cost has already tipped in favor of the zero energy home.
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While we will do our best to monitor all comments and blog posts for accuracy and relevancy, Home Energy is not responsible for content posted by our readers or third parties. Home Energy reserves the right to edit or remove comments or blog posts that do not meet our community guidelines.


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Animal Exploitation
Photo Gallery
Moo-ving people toward compassionate living
Visitors' Comments
|Wishful Thinking
From Glenda Taylor - 19 Jun 2006
I think these pictures of all these cats are extremely upsetting because I look at them and I can imagine these things happening to my cat, Misty. She is a Norwegian Tortesshell forest cat and I love her very much. Well I am hoping to hear from you soon.
Glenda Taylor
Reply from Frank and Mary
Dear Glenda:
Thank you for writing.
The atrocities are upsetting, but because these cats and other animals are considered to be the "property" of humans, these people believe they can do anything they wish to them, and for they most part, they are even protected by law.
Animals need legal rights to protect them from human inflicted pain and suffering.
This is why we encourage people to expose the truth, speak out, write letters, and encourage others to do the same.
In the Love of the Lord,
Frank and Mary
Return to Visitors' Comments
Wishful Thinking
| Animal Exploitation Photo Gallery |
The calf photo in the masthead of these pages is from Farm Sanctuary with our thanks.
We welcome your comments:
This all creatures animal exploitation photo gallery is being presented to show the public the difference between the cute little animals we see in advertising and picture in our minds and the reality that exists in entertainment (circus, circuses, hunting, fishing, movie, movies, sport, sports, television, tv. TV), on farms (battery, beef, calf, calves, chicken, chickens, cow, cows, duck, ducks, dairy, egg, fish, eggs, geese, goose, lamb, lambs, pig, pigs, pork, sheep), and in a laboratory or laboratories, for medical research (cat, cats, dog, dogs, mice, monkey, monkeys, mouse, rabbit, rabbits, rat, rats, veal), photos, pictures
| Home Page | Animal Issues | Archive | Art and Photos | Articles | Bible | Books | Church and Religion | Discussions | Health | Humor | Letters | Links | Nature Studies | Poetry and Stories | Quotations | Recipes | What's New? |
Thank you for visiting all-creatures.org.


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Offer for new and qualifying former customers only.
Requires credit qualification and 2-year commitment. Upfront activation and/or receiver upgrade fees may apply based on credit qualification. Offer ends 4/12/23.
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