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Military-industrial complex
concept in military and political science
The military–industrial complex (MIC) is an informal alliance between a nation's military and the defense industry that supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy.
- Our military budgets continue to rise, now grabbing more than fifty-three cents of every discretionary federal dollar to pay for wars abroad and pushing our ability to pay for health care for all, for a Green New Deal, for jobs and education, and infrastructure, further and further away. The wars that those military budgets fund continue to escalate. They don't make us safer, and they've led to the deaths of thousands of poor people in Afghanistan, Syria, Somalia, and beyond, as well as the displacement of millions of refugees, the destruction of water sources, and the contamination of the environments of whole countries. The only ones who benefit are the millionaire CEOs of military companies, who are getting richer every year on the more than $350 billion—half the military budget—that goes directly to their corporations. In the meantime 23,000 low-ranking troops earn so little that they and their families qualify for food stamps.
- William Barber II, The Real Epidemic is Poverty (March 30, 2020), The Progressive
- While we bicker day-to-day about this politician or that one, the true power players like the military industrial complex are doing things like creating A.I. that will control our future world. By keeping us preoccupied with nonsense, they can build our prison in peace & quiet.... We desperately need a sociopath test for all politicians. We have the technology to find out if people lack empathy. If they do, they should be banned from running for office, serving on corporate boards, or having any kind of authority.
- In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citzenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.
- Dwight D. Eisenhower, farewell radio and television address to the American people, Washington, D.C., January 17, 1961. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1960–61, p. 1038.
- In a century when a staggeringly funded military couldn't win a war anywhere (and yet never stopped trying), failure continues to prove to be the military-industrial complex's ultimate success.
- William D. Hartung, Tomgram: Mandy Smithberger, A Recipe for Disaster (January 21, 2020), TomDispatch
- There will be no economic or political justice for the poor, people of color, women or workers within the framework of global, corporate capitalism. Corporate capitalism, which uses identity politics, multiculturalism and racial justice to masquerade as politics, will never halt the rising social inequality, unchecked militarism, evisceration of civil liberties and omnipotence of the organs of security and surveillance. Corporate capitalism cannot be reformed, despite its continually rebranding itself. The longer the self-identified left and liberal class seek to work within a system that the political philosopher Sheldon Wolin calls "inverted totalitarianism," the more the noose will be tightened around our necks. If we do not rise up to bring government and financial systems under public control—which includes nationalizing banks, the fossil fuel industry and the arms industry—we will continue to be victims.
- Chris Hedges, "The Bankruptcy of the American Left", Truthdig (February 5, 2018).
- As the International Red Cross marked the 75th anniversary of the atomic bombings in Japan, it issued a strong warning that "the risk of use of nuclear weapons has risen to levels not seen since the end of the Cold War." Echoed by former Secretary Perry on the News Hour, other defense policy experts have stated forewarnings, on both the moral grounds of potential omnicidal consequences, and of new weapons technology making nuclear war more likely. Daniel Ellsberg, for example, sees governments "prepared to unleash a nuclear war which would end civilization as we know it and could kill over seven billion people."
In our region... many thousands are in need of food assistance, and millions across the country are suffering great personal economic losses under the dual crises of the pandemic and, again, of climate-change related wildfires and storms. As the Congress budgets nearly ¾ trillion dollars for national defense, it should redirect at least a portion of this enormous sum to the current human needs and support the 2017 United Nations nuclear-weapons-ban treaty, which the work of the International Red Cross... initiated.
- Letters: Recognition for Cadet Nurses; Ban nuclear weapons, Frances Lamberts, Johnson City Press (20 September 2020)
- It is shocking to listen to politicians and military boast of their military prowess when in lay persons' terms what it means is killing of human beings...The European Union and many of its countries, which used to take initiatives in the United Nations for peaceful settlements of conflict, are now one of the most important war assets of the U.S./NATO front. Many countries have also been drawn into complicity in breaking international law through U.S./U.K./NATO wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, and so on. It is for this reason that I believe NATO should be abolished and that steps be taken towards disarmament through non-violent action and civil resistance. The means of resistance are very important. Our message that armed groups, militarism and war do not solve our problems but aggravate them challenges us to use new ways and that is why we need to teach the science of peace at every level of society.
- The whole of civilisation is now facing a challenge with the growth of what President Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1961) warned the U.S. people against – the military/industrial complex – saying that it would destroy U.S. democracy.
We know now that a small group made up of the military/industrial/media/corporate/academic elite, whose agenda is profit, arms, war and valuable resources, now holds power worldwide and has a stronghold on elected governments. We see this in the gun and Israeli lobbies, among others, which wield great power over U.S. politics. We have witnessed this in ongoing wars, invasions, occupations and proxy wars, all allegedly in the name of "humanitarian intervention and democracy". However, in reality, they are causing great suffering, especially to the poor, through their policies of arms, war, domination and control of other countries and their resources.
Unmaking this agenda of war and demanding the implementation of justice, human rights and international law is the work of the peace movement. We can turn our current path of destruction around by spelling out a clear vision of what kind of a world we want to live in, demanding an end to the military-industrial complex, and insisting that our governments adopt policies of peace, just economics and cooperation with each other in this multi-polar world.
- Pope Francis' two-day visit to Ireland on August 25-26th comes at a time when people need hope. The Irish Church has been devastated by the abuse scandals, which have never been properly dealt with...Only in the last few years has the Catholic hierarchy recognized that clerical abuse has taken place.
In 1978, Betty Williams and I had the privilege of a 30-minute private conversation with Pope John Paull II in the Vatican. Coming out of a violent conflict in Northern Ireland, we appealed to the Pope to reject the "Just War" theory and to bring forward a theology of nonviolence and peace for the Catholic Church. When Pope John Paul visited Ireland the following year he appealed to people to reject violence and build peace.
However, we still wait for the Vatican to publish an encyclical on Christian nonviolence which would reject "Just War" theology. Pope Francis has called for the total abolition of nuclear weapons and for just peacemaking. His visit to Knock, while rightly focusing on the church's abuse scandals, was a missed opportunity. He should have also called for the abolition of war and militarism, and for the return to Gospel nonviolence...
In my opinion, an encyclical on nonviolence and disarmament from Pope Francis would give hope to us all and encourage us all to take up our responsibility to build a new culture of peace and nonviolence, not only in the Church and in Ireland, but throughout the whole world.
- As we watch the media today, we are spoon fed more and more propaganda and fear of the unknown, that we should be afraid of the unknown and have full faith that our government is keeping us safe from the unknown. But by looking at media today, those of us who are old enough will be reminded of the era of Cold War news articles, hysteria of how the Russians would invade and how we should duck and cover under tables in our kitchens for the ensuing nuclear war. Under this mass hysteria all Western governments were convinced that we should join Western allies to fight the unknown evil that lies to the east. Later through my travels in Russia during the height of the Cold War with a peace delegation, we were shocked by the poverty of the country, and questioned how we ever were led to believe that Russia was a force to be afraid of. We talked to the Russian students who were dismayed by their absolute poverty and showed anger against NATO for leading their country into an arms race that they could not win. Many years later, when speaking to young Americans in the US, I was in disbelief about the fear the students had of Russia and their talk of invasion. This is a good example of how the unknown can cause a deep rooted paranoia when manipulated by the right powers.
- For those who don't like the American Raj, a US invasion of Venezuela would mark a step forward in the crumbling of the empire. More aimless imperial over-reach, more lack of strategy, more enemies generated. The big winner would, of course, be the Pentagon and military industrial complex. More billions spent on a nation most Americans could not find on a map if their lives depended on it, more orders for 'counter-insurgency' weapons, more military promotions, and cheers from Fox News and wrestling fans.
- Eric Margolis in Sure. Let's Invade Venezuela. Another Jolly Little War, CommonDreams (04 May 2019)
- The fake "independent institute" promoting the China "threat" in the West is the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, the go-to source for Vichy journalists currently hoodwinking the public. It's exposed here as a front for warmongers and arms companies.
- John Pilger, Twitter (1 July 2020)
- The natural evolution of American politics has resulted in the gross engulfment of the American polity by the military industrial complex.
- Antonio L. Rappa, Globalization. Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.. 2003. p. 207. ISBN 978-981-4515-46-7.
- It is extraordinary to see the confidence that many Americans place in their military's ability. After 15 years the US has been unable to defeat a few lightly armed Taliban, and after 13 years the situation in Iraq remains out of control. This is not very reassuring for the prospect of taking on Russia, much less the strategic alliance between Russia and China. The US could not even defeat China, a Third World country at the time, in Korea 60 years ago. Americans need to pay attention to the fact that "their" government is... likely to bring vaporization to the United States and all of Europe. Russian weapons systems are far superior to American ones. American weapons are produced by private companies for the purpose of making vast profits. The capability of the weapons is not the main concern. There are endless cost overruns that raise the price of US weapons into outer space.
- It is entirely possible that the world is being led to destruction by nothing more than the greed of the US military-security complex... the Obama regime has resurrected the Cold War, thus providing a more convincing "enemy" than the hoax terrorist one, the "Russian threat" has been restored to its 20th century role of providing a justification for bleeding the American taxpayer, social services, and the US economy dry in behalf of profits for armament manufacturers.... Washington's rhetoric accompanying the revived Cold War is far more reckless and dangerous, as are Washington's actions, than during the real Cold War.
- All of America's wars except the first—the war for independence — were wars for Empire. Keep that fact in mind as you hear the Memorial Day bloviations about the brave men and women who served our country in its times of peril. The United States has never been in peril, but Washington has delivered peril to numerous other countries in its pursuit of hegemony over others.
- Today for the first time in its history the US faces peril as a result of Washington's attempts to assert hegemony over Russia and China. Russia and China are not impressed by Washington's arrogance, hubris, and stupidity. Moreover, these two countries are not the native American Plains Indians, who were starved into submission by the Union Army's slaughter of the buffalo. An insouciant American population preoccupied with selfies and delusions of military prowess, while its crazed government picks a fight with Russia and China, has no future.
- All day today the presstitute at NPR went on and on about President Trump, using every kind of guest and issue to set him up for more criticism as an unfit occupant of the Oval Office, because, and only because, he threatens the massive budget of the military/security complex by attempting to normalize relations with Russia [...] As a former Wall Street Journal editor I can say with complete confidence that NPR crossed every line between journalism and advocacy and no longer qualifies as a 501c3 tax-exempt public foundation. The NPR assault on President Trump was part of an orchestration. The same story appeared in the Washington Post, long-believed to be a CIA asset. Most likely, it has appeared throughtout the presstitute media.
- Paul Craig Roberts in Russiagate Is Constructed of Pure Bulls**t, No Facts, Global Research, (22 July 2018)
- The military/security complex has resurrected its Cold War enemy so necessary for its outsized budget and power and intends to keep Russia as The Enemy. The Democrats have an interest in the villification of Russia as "Russiagate" explains Hillary's loss of the 2016 Presidential election and gives Democrats hope of removing President Trump from office. The media lacks independence, knowledge, and integrity and is the tool used by the military/security complex to control explanations... As strategic and Russian studies are largely funded by the military/security complex, the universities are also complicit in the march toward nuclear war. Republicans are as dependent as Democrats on funding from the military/security complex and the Israel Lobby.
- Paul Craig Roberts,The Self-Genocide of the West, Foreign Policy Journal (26 December 2018)
- The military/security complex has resurrected its Cold War enemy so necessary for its outsized budget and power and intends to keep Russia as The Enemy. The Democrats have an interest in the villification of Russia as "Russiagate" explains Hillary's loss of the 2016 Presidential election and gives Democrats hope of removing President Trump from office. The media lacks independence, knowledge, and integrity and is the tool used by the military/security complex to control explanations... As strategic and Russian studies are largely funded by the military/security complex, the universities are also complicit in the march toward nuclear war. Republicans are as dependent as Democrats on funding from the military/security complex and the Israel Lobby.
- Paul Craig Roberts,The Self-Genocide of the West, Foreign Policy Journal (26 December 2018)
- Veterans for Peace knows that the U.S. is a nation addicted to war. At this time of uncertainty, it is critically important that we, as veterans, continue to be clear and concise that our nation must turn from war to diplomacy and peace. It is high time to unwind all these tragic, failed and unnecessary wars of aggression, domination and plunder. It is time to turn a page in history and to build a new world based on human rights, equality and mutual respect for all. We must build momentum toward real and lasting peace. Nothing less than the survival of human civilization is at stake.


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EndNote X9 is not just a reference manager. It also helps you navigate through the research process as you search, organize, write, publish and share documents quickly and intelligently.
EndNote X9 is the latest version to add new collaboration tools to smarter research managers and develop research folders as well as smarter teamwork.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Last Activity: 30th May 2018 09:18 PM
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Post Summary
before i start trashtalking, nice work nice to see a semi-bug-free version of los for this device HOWEVER, the remaining bugs arent even the biggest problem 1. The the overall performance (opening apps and so on) is significantly worse than on m...
Just installed this ROM and I have to say its fricking awesome!!!! Thankssss
when about will you release android o? cant u just stop ****ing asking for etas????
Oy! Great rom, works like a charm, flashed on top of CM 14. As for "debloated", there's still a heavy load of apps I don't care about and cannot remove (Samsung Internet, really?). Is there any way I can uninstall these? Thanks, cheers! Tbh actual...
I was wondering if this rom could be used with the Galaxy A5 (2017)? No, sadly, you can't. ---------- Post added at 03:54 PM ---------- Previous post was at 03:52 PM ---------- Can this rom be used as daily driver? Differs from person to person,...


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Our prediction for this match:
Stade Saint-Marc will host Friday's football game between Monaco and Everton, who face each other in a pre-season friendly. Les Rouges et Blancs experienced all sorts of problems at the back in a 5-0 loss to Lokeren, but you should bear in mind that coach Leonardo Jardim rested several first-team regulars in this warm-up game. Monaco aim to give fans some cheer and the Ligue 1 outfit footballers are likely to leave their hearts on the field.
The Toffees, on the other hand, failed to impress in their first warm-up game of the pre-season as they shared the spoils with Kariobangi Sharks and that is yet another reason why we predict Monaco will grab something from the Stade Saint-Marc friendly. Taking everything into account, the two teams are likely to share the spoils in their first ever meeting in a friendly match.
Highlighted Player (Cesc Fabregas):
Born in Arenys de Mar on 4 May, 1987, Cesc Fabregas began his football career at Mataro. After spending two years at Mataro, Cesc joined Barcelona in 1997 and six years later the Spanish midfielder signed a deal with Arsenal. Fabregas played for Arsenal for eight years (2003-2011) and in 2011 he turned his dream into reality and returned to Barca.
In 2014 the 29-year-old footballer joined Premier League side Chelsea. Fabregas won the 2012/2013 La Liga title with Barcelona, while lifting the 2014/2015 Premier League trophy with Chelsea. Cesc did not win the Premier League title with Arsenal, but he helped the capital club lift the FA Cup trophy in 2005.
On the other hand, the Chelsea midfielder recorded much better results with the Spain national team as he won the European Championship trophy in 2008 and 2012, while winning the FIFA World Cup title in 2010. Fabregas made his debut for la Roja in March, 2006.
Highlighted Team (Everton):
Everton are one of the two Merseyside giants that were formed back in 1878, with the club holding a long-standing rivalry with Liverpool. Everton have participated in the English top flight for a record 113 seasons, with the team competing in the English second tier in just four campaigns.
The Toffees play their home matches at Goodison Park, the stadium that was opened in 1892. Everton have won the national championship nine times, with the team winning their last domestic trophy back in 1987.
The Toffees have clinched five FA Cup trophies as well and it has to be noted that a victory over Manchester United in the 1994/1995 FA Cup final helped the team win their last title in the prestigious competition. Everton and Liverpool face each other in the Merseyside derby and the clash between the two local rivals has been called the Merseyside derby since 1955.
In the 2015/2016 Premier League campaign Everton were hammered by Liverpool (0-4) at Anfield.


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Red Crucible 2Free
Old versionsSee all
Red Crucible 2 is a multiplayer shooter for Mac suitable for users over the age of 17 where you can put your military combat skills to the test. The application provides you with training sessions for various army classes (infantry, vehicle or air combat), lets you play against users from all over the world, and gives you access to a wide range of maps for multiplayer gameplay.
In order to get an idea about this game it's best to begin with the training sessions. By doing so, you get to learn how to fire your weapons, drive vehicles on the battle ground, and improve your reflexes on the obstacles training.
Afterwards, you can start playing against other users. The app lets you choose which ongoing matches you'd like to join, create your own competition or browse for a certain map to play a quick game. The more kills you make, the more coins you earn, which can be then used to purchase additional weapons.
Personally, I wasn't too happy about the performance of the app mostly because it used a large amount of CPU resources. Nevertheless, Red Crucible 2 is a 3D online game so I guess it's common for applications of this type to have high requirements.
As a conclusion, Red Crucible 2 is an entertaining action game that can keep you in front of your Mac for hours. The app brings you plenty of display settings to help you improve your gaming experience, offers you detailed game instructions, and comes without a price tag. So, it's worth installing this app on your Mac.
Review summary
- Provides you with various game modes
- Lets you choose from a wide range of weapons
- You can play against users from all over the world or practice at the base camp
- Free of charge
- Uses a large amount of CPU resources


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"Love will travel as far as you let it. It has no limits." – Dee King
Tim got off a train very green in the face. A friend met him and asked him what was wrong.
Tim: "Train sickness. I always get deathly sick when I travel backwards on the train."
Friend: "Why didn't you ask the person sitting opposite to change seats with you?"
Tim: "I thought of that but there wasn't anybody there!"
Two Jewish gentlemen were seated together on a plane. They had been in the air for 30 minutes when the younger man asked the other if he had the time.
There was no answer. "Can you tell me the time please?"
Again there was no answer and the younger man detected some kind of deliberate resistance.
The aircraft was on its descent path when the older man quickly looked at his watch and said it was ten past three.
There was silence for a while before the young man said, "Why didn't you tell me the time earlier?"
"Well, you know what it is like on flights. People get talking to each other. We could become friendly, especially when we are both Jewish. I would be obliged to invite you home. I have a lovely daughter and you are a young man, quite handsome. Romance could blossom and before long you could be asking for her hand in marriage. And to put it bluntly, I don't want a son-in-law who hasn't got a watch."


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The Trident will arrive at The New Atlantis in Apriland will give guests the opportunity to scale new heights of adventure as they soar and spin 52 metres high in the air. Coming in Decemberthe Leviathan wooden rollercoaster is sure to become an icon of the Gold Coast with guests climbing the metre-high track before experiencing the rumbling, roaring and thundering crests of the one-kilometre long track.
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Refine by country Larvik
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I didn't stay long enough to work out what the stage rotation was, maybe they didn't have any that early in the day. Thank you for your lovely review Karina. Atlantis is a fairly big club so when it's quiet it can have a dead, twilight zone vibe. Continue to 5 of 6.
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The amenities (pool, spa, and gym) were an added bonus. Ideal if you're looking to stay further away (but within walking distance) from the Gold Coast strip.


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Can't telecommute in current job, though. Can't get a laptop.
Can't telecommute in current job, though. Can't get a laptop.
Do good work. Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom
I'd have given my right arm to get out of personal contact with coworkers and bosses.
Grant Hutchison
From CNN: Recovering from coronavirus illness can take up to "six weeks," WHO official says
(From CNN's Jacqueline Howard)
It can take several weeks to fully recover from illness caused by novel coronavirus, Dr. Mike Ryan, executive director of Health Emergencies Programme at the World Health Organization, said during a briefing on Monday. "It takes anything up to six weeks to recover from this disease," Ryan said. "People who suffer very severe illness can take months to recover from the illness." Ryan added that recovery is often measured by the patient no longer exhibiting symptoms and having two consecutive negative tests for the virus at least one day apart, but some countries may measure "recovery" differently.
In other reports, I've heard as short as a week or two for minor cases.
Do good work. Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom
I dont think any of that would hurt you, but I would hate to see anyone running around to find zinc or other stuff when it isnt likely to do much good.If you are sick, take 80 milligrams of zinc daily, 250 milligrams of vitamin C twice daily, 250 milligrams of beta-glucan daily and take elderberry syrup or lozenges four times a day for five days.
"The problem with quotes on the Internet is that it is hard to verify their authenticity." Abraham Lincoln
I say there is an invisible elf in my backyard. How do you prove that I am wrong?
The Leif Ericson Cruiser
Do good work. Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom
"The problem with quotes on the Internet is that it is hard to verify their authenticity." Abraham Lincoln
I say there is an invisible elf in my backyard. How do you prove that I am wrong?
The Leif Ericson Cruiser
Just heard on the news: ten people in Sacramento county (where I am) have tested positive (one has recovered), and they are moving from containment to mitigation procedures.
"The problem with quotes on the Internet is that it is hard to verify their authenticity." Abraham Lincoln
I say there is an invisible elf in my backyard. How do you prove that I am wrong?
The Leif Ericson Cruiser
A: "Things that are equal to the same are equal to each other"
B: "The two sides of this triangle are things that are equal to the same"
C: "If A and B are true, Z must be true"
D: "If A and B and C are true, Z must be true"
E: "If A and B and C and D are true, Z must be true"
Therefore, Z: "The two sides of this triangle are equal to each other"
Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by ignorance or stupidity.
Isaac Asimov
You know, the very powerful and the very stupid have one thing in common. They dont alter their views to fit the facts. They alter the facts to fit their views.
Doctor Who
Moderation will be in purple.
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From Matador Travel Security
March 10 2020
Latest developments:
The global number of reported infections now stands at 114,544 with 4,026 fatalities.
In Europe, the country with the largest number of cases is Italy, where the numbers have reached 9,172 cases with 463 fatalities. Effective March 10 2020 by the government has placed the whole of Italy under quarantine following rises in cases in every region. Public transport will remain operational, but movement is severely restricted with the government saying only those with a valid work or family reason that cannot be postponed will be allowed to travel. "Travel must be avoided across the entire peninsula unless it is justified by professional reasons, by cases of need or for health reasons," Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte announced. Anyone who wishes to travel is now required to fill out a standardized form justifying their reasons and submit it to authorities at train stations and airports, as well as at major roads between cities. Those who lie face a jail term of up to three months or a fine of 206 euros (US$225). Shops can remain open, but only if they can guarantee that customers can remain one metre (three feet) apart. Big and mid-sized shopping centres have to close at the weekend. Grocery stores are allowed to remain open at all hours. Leave for health workers is cancelled. Those accompanying patients to emergency units are not allowed to stay with them in the waiting rooms without specific permission. The restrictions will initially run until April 3.
The total recorded cases in China currently stands at 80,756 with 3,136 fatalities. Based on official figures, the number of new infections and fatalities has slowed significantly this week. Since the end of February Chinese authorities have begun a gradual de-escalation of restrictions to enable resumption of business as usual outside Hubei province, where restrictions are most stringent. Levels of mobility and community restrictions vary across the country, ranging from a cordon sanitaire in some cities to mandatory use of masks in public spaces. Cities including Beijing and Shanghai, as well as Guangdong and Sichuan Provinces still require people who have recently visited countries with "severe outbreaks" (including South Korea, Japan, Iran and Italy) to be quarantined for 14 days in a Chinese facility, greatly restricting or eliminating the passengers ability to leave quarantine during the 14-day observation period.
Saudi Arabia: On March 9, the Authorities announced additional travel restrictions and controls to those announced over the last weekend, suspending air and sea traffic between the Kingdom and nine countries, namely the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, South Korea and Italy. In addition, all foreign nationals who have been in these countries in the past 14 days will be barred from entry into Saudi Arabia. The entry ban applies to all foreign nationals, regardless of their visa type. According to the latest information, there is no option of obtaining a certificate of health exempting the traveler from this. Land crossings remain restricted to commercial trucks only.
Additional measures remaining in place include the suspension of entry for tourist visa holders from Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China (including Hong Kong and Macao SARs), India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Somalia, South Korea, Syria, Thailand, Uzbekistan, Vietnam and Yemen. Entry is also suspended for any non-residents who have traveled to these countries in the last 14 days unless they can provide an official certificate of health issued a maximum of 20 hours prior to the passenger departing for the country – apart from the nine countries included in the 9 March directive. The Saudi embassy in the relevant country of origin should be consulted for details of the specific laboratory approved for this examination.
Travelers who have been in China (including Hong Kong and Macao SARs) in the last 14 days will not be able to transit Saudi Arabia. Entry for the Umrah pilgrimage or to visit the Prophet's Mosque in Medina (Medina province) remains suspended. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nationals must use their passport to enter or exit Saudi Arabia, rather than their national identity card.
In Asia, the largest cluster outside China is in South Korea, with 7,513 cases and 54 fatalities. In the Middle East the largest cluster remains in Iran, with 7,161 cases and 237 fatalities.
In North America, there have so far been 755 recorded cases with 26 fatalities in the United States, 77 cases in Canada with 1 fatality, and 7 in Mexico with 0 fatalities.
Outside of China, the number of confirmed cases now stands at 33,788 with 890 fatalities in 113 countries and territories:
Europe and CIS: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Channel Islands (new), Croatia, Cyprus (new), Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.
Middle East: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
Africa and North Africa: Algeria, Burkina Faso (new), Cameroon, Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Togo and Tunisia.
Asia Pacific and South Asia: Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei (new), Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Macau, Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia (new), Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.
Americas and Caribbean: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, French Guiana, Martinique, Mexico, Panama (new), Paraguay, Peru, Saint Barthelemy, Saint Martin and the United States.
Updated figures can be found on Johns Hopkins University's coronavirus tracking map.
Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by ignorance or stupidity.
Isaac Asimov
You know, the very powerful and the very stupid have one thing in common. They dont alter their views to fit the facts. They alter the facts to fit their views.
Doctor Who
Moderation will be in purple.
Rules for Posting to This Board
I heard on NPR this morning that Israel is requiring all incoming citizens to self-quarantine for 14 days, and non-citizens will be denied entry unless they have made arrangements to be quarantined.
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I may have many faults, but being wrong ain't one of them. - Jimmy Hoffa
Last edited by grant hutchison; 2020-Mar-10 at 12:47 PM.
There were limited tests of zinc for cold viruses, not this virus, and it might help with them a little, but the tests were too limited to make a solid case for it. A bigger issue are side effects. Some people lost their sense of smell from zinc sprays which I think are no longer available. Here, Oz is recommending an 80 mg dose, but the FDA has recommended adults take no more than 40 mg a day. And you have to be concerned about people that think more is better, since overdose can be risky. Lozenges can have an aftertaste and cause nausea. I tried them once when I had a cold, and threw them in the trash because of a bad lingering taste.
I haven't researched the Elderberry, but I don't trust anything Oz says, since he is known for pushing under and unverified stuff. Mostly I wouldn't want to see sick people going around wasting money buying probably useless stuff and possibly getting others sick.
A couple articles:
"The problem with quotes on the Internet is that it is hard to verify their authenticity." Abraham Lincoln
I say there is an invisible elf in my backyard. How do you prove that I am wrong?
The Leif Ericson Cruiser
meta-analysis shows it might carve a day off your common cold symptoms, perhaps at the expense of having different unpleasant symptoms. And unlike Vitamin C, it is possible to develop zinc toxicity if you take too much.
Grant Hutchison
I read on twitter that the COVID-19 coronavirus has a fatty outer layer, so washing up liquid is good for handwashing. Any truth to that claim?
The dietary "supplement" industry operates without the evidence base required for drugs. But it's fairly easy to know when someone is misleading you about dietary "supplements".
If they claim that extra substance X will prevent you getting disease Y (unless disease Y is a specific deficiency disease, like scurvy, for instance), they're misleading you.
If they claim that extra substance X will "strengthen your immune system" they're misleading you.
Grant Hutchison
I don't know for sure, but there doesn't seem to be much logic in choosing washing-up liquid over hand soap just on the basis of the lipid envelope.
Grant HUtchison
"I'm planning to live forever. So far, that's working perfectly." Steven Wright
I'm not sure what discipline the doctor who posted the information follows, may be a GP.
I think his intention was to prevent panic over the lack of hand sanitiser in the shops, not to promote any miracle properties of washing up liquid.
Ill bite. What is washing up liquid in American English?
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I may have many faults, but being wrong ain't one of them. - Jimmy Hoffa
Thanks. I figured it was probably either that or the shower gel stuff.
Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk
I may have many faults, but being wrong ain't one of them. - Jimmy Hoffa
WHO handwashing poster (actually, consider downloading a copy for reference) and take your time.
Grant Hutchison
Gas fell to $1.82 cash/debit regular unleaded..
Do good work. Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom


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Houses - Apartments for Sale
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website design templates
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text: Category: Blogging Student Loan Types – What Are the Differences? Read A student loan is also called a student loan payment or a student educational loan. A student loan is Sep, 16 - No Comments - Candice Consider Game Boards a Vital Part of Your Playground Read It's common for playgrounds to include physical equipment, but you might also want to add in a few game Jul, 13 - No Comments - Candice Couple make the big time in blogs Read Paul Durman on Mena and Ben Trotts web diary success Jul, 20 - No Comments - Candice Legal blogs: isn't it time British lawyers staked their claim in the blogosphere? Read Should law firms have blogs? In America they are all the rage. Just about every self-respecting law professor has Jul, 05 - No Comments - Candice Tory MP's outburst at 'poison pen' blog Read A Tory MP attacked a "poison-pen" blog and linked it to a former cabinet minister, in a bizarre outburst Jun, 22 - No Comments - Candice


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Cookies & Beer
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Jonathan Bender., & Jonathan Bender|AUTHOR. (2015). Cookies & Beer. Andrews McMeel.Chicago / Turabian - Author Date Citation (style guide)
Jonathan Bender and Jonathan Bender|AUTHOR. 2015. Cookies & Beer. Andrews McMeel.Chicago / Turabian - Humanities Citation (style guide)
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stdClass Object ( [year] => 2015 [artist] => Jonathan Bender [coverImageUrl] => https://d2snwnmzyr8jue.cloudfront.net/vsa_9781449474317_270.jpeg [titleId] => 11680865 [isbn] => 9781449474317 [abridged] => [language] => ENGLISH [profanity] => [title] => Cookies & Beer [demo] => [segments] => Array ( ) [pages] => 144 [children] => [artists] => Array ( [0] => stdClass Object ( [name] => Jonathan Bender [relationship] => AUTHOR ) ) [genres] => Array ( [0] => Alcoholic - Beer [1] => Beverages [2] => Cookies [3] => Cooking [4] => Courses & Dishes ) [price] => 0.99 [id] => 11680865 [edited] => [kind] => EBOOK [active] => 1 [upc] => [synopsis] => Whether you're a baker or a drinker with a baking problem, these pages will provide a series of guideposts for how to put together forty rockin' cookies--collected from celebrated chefs, bakers, and bakeries across the country--with craft beer. The information provides the building blocks for then experimenting with your own cookie and beer combinations. Each cookie, like Steven Satterfield's Chocolate-Almond, Coconut Macaroons, gets its own specific beer (Avery's Brewery Company's The Reverend) as well as a general style pairing (a quadrupel). Along the way, Cookies & Beer will teach you how to make your own beer syrup for beer milkshakes, make it a night of Girl Scout cookies and beer, and even how to acquire and bake with spent grain (the by-product of beer brewing). And in the end, when you're ready for it, eight cookie recipes actually made with beer and devised by some of the vanguard craft breweries in the United States, are waiting to be baked. This is Cookies & Beer. And you, are about to be popular. [url] => https://www.hoopladigital.com/title/11680865 [pa] => [subtitle] => Bake, Pair, Enjoy [publisher] => Andrews McMeel ) 1


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There has never been a dull moment in 3D printing.From printing organs to helping doctors prepare for surgery to trying to print fully formed organs, 3D printing is likely to boost life expectancy by leaps and bounds.
Cardiologists Use 3D Printing to Save Tiny Lives
Sinterit also published the case of a pediatric cardiac surgery performed on Kordian, a three-week-old infant boy in Poland. It is unclear whether soft or hard materials were used in the case, but the baby is 18 months old today and is reported to be in good condition. Doctors say 3d printed models do help.
SLS 3D Printing Offers a HandAn interrupted aortic arch during surgery could be fatal. Jarosław Meyer-Szary, M.D. from the Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defecs, University Clinical Center in Gdańsk, Poland. made the decision to use a life-size 3d printed model of Kordian heart before surgery.Unfortunately, this technique won't work in this case.Doctors had to imitate every tiny vein and artery surrounding the heart.
3D Printing Makes Surgery Safer, Easier, and Shorter
3D-printed medical models help increase surgeons' confidence in the planning process and help develop medical students. These tangible replicas of a patient's specific anatomy can lead to more accurate, hands-on plans for patients and make surgery safer for patients with smaller incisions, less radiation and/or less anesthesia.


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The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has a cleared path to host the Indian Premier League (IPL) in 2020 after the International Cricket Council (ICC) showed the postponement of T20 World Cup 2020 on Monday.
In the BCCI assembly ultimate week UAE had emerged because the frontrunner to host the 2020 IPL.
- 2020 ICC T20 World Cup used to be postponed on Monday
- We will noticed clearances from the federal government to take IPL to UAE: Brijesh Patel
- The UAE executive introduced us to host the IPL of their nation: Patel
The choice through the ICC to put off this 12 months's T20 World Cup got here as track to the ears for the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
The BCCI used to be anticipating the verdict to be made a couple of weeks, if now not months, in the past however there have been hurdles that not on time the announcement even though hosts Australia weren't too all in favour of staging the match below current instances.
However, BCCI is now on an overdrive to get its plan in a position whether it is to level the suspended IPL within the UAE, beginning ultimate week of September.
"Hopefully, in next couple of weeks (BCCI) will seek clearances from the government for the tournament (IPL) to be played in the UAE," IPL governing Council chairman Brijesh Patel instructed India Today.
"The UAE government offered us to host the IPL in their country and we are very much aware of the facilities and situation there. The IPL (first leg) was played there (UAE) in 2014 so we know what we are looking at," Patel, a prolific top quality batsman, added.
The IPL governing council is predicted to satisfy inside of per week to speak about and formalise additional plan of action in relation to staging the T20 match. "Within a week the IPL governing council meeting will be held where the next plan of action is to be discussed," stated every other BCCI respectable, who is a part of the IPL governing Council.
The BCCI Apex Council had met ultimate week and it used to be made up our minds that there will likely be a camp organised for the gamers at Ahmedabad's Motera stadium. Bengaluru's National Cricket Academy (NCA) used to be every other venue for the camp that got here up for dialogue however because of the emerging Covid-19 instances in Karnataka, it used to be rejected.
It is predicted that the gamers reduced in size with the BCCI usually are a part of that camp in Ahmedabad whilst there are IPL franchises, which used to be additionally exploring choices to organise camps for his or her gamers forward of the T20 league.
As of now, the IPL is predicted to start on September 26 with the overall both on November 7 or eight with 60 suits to be performed on this period.
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text: Here's a few tips on eating I 'try' to eat by. It's not all I abide by, but I do eat largely plant based whole food. This means, I don't eat processed or refined foods (unless I am experimenting.) I just did an experiment which ended leaving me with mixed conclusions (and, feelings) in using olive oil. Continue reading "Top '10' Essential Weight Loss And Healthy Diet Tips…"


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If you're like most sellers, you're keeping a close eye on your bottom line. While market conditions will factor heavily into the final sale price for your home, the choices you make during the selling process will also have an impact on that number. Yep, that's right. Sellers can actually negatively affect the perceived value and so what are these common selling mistakes that could be hurting your bottom line? Let's find out.
Pricing Too High
You might assume that pricing your house a little higher than what you hope to sell it for is a smart idea. The truth is that pricing your home too high can actually discourage potential buyers.
Most buyers start their search by setting a specific price range – and often won't consider homes listed above that range. If you set your listing price too high, you could find yourself competing against properties that offer more value at the same price point.
The better bet is start out at a price range that's inline with other similar homes in your market. To determine what that range is, you can ask your agent to pull comps or recently sold properties in your area that are comparable to your home.
Skimping on Photos
They say that a picture is worth a thousand words. This couldn't be truer than when applied to selling a home. Photos of your home are key to successfully selling it. They help buyers get a realistic idea of the interior of your home and help them picture eventually living in the home.
Photos of a listed home usually factor heavily into the buyer's decision to view it or pass on it. Listings with too few photos or poor quality photos often get passed over. Good photos are crucial to drumming up interest from buyers.
Sellers often believe that they can reduce costs by taking their own photos of their home. When it comes to making sure that the best parts of your home are captured properly, it's best to hire a professional photographer. The small expense is worth the interest great photos of your home can stir.
Not Accommodating Showings
Making your home available for potential buyers to view can be one of the most stressful parts of selling your home. If you're still occupying the space, you've got to juggle work, household responsibilities and social activities while still making the time to show your home. Unfortunately, this is a must as allowing buyers to check out your home increases your odds of getting offers. If buyers feel like viewing your home is too difficult, they may decide to move on to the next option.
With that in mind, it's best to remain flexible and prepared for viewings while your home is still on the market. An easy way to do this is to create a showing routine. Give everyone in your family a task to do in order to keep your home ready to view.
Forgetting to Clean
Speaking of showings, it's important to make sure that you're always presenting your home in the best light. The cleanliness of your home can affect how the buyer perceives its value. Though they may seem like small details, things like unmade beds or dishes in the kitchen sink can make a bad impression. Buyers may subconsciously associate a lack of cleanliness with the overall condition of your home and offer less money because of it.
The obvious solution is to make sure that your home is tidy before every showing. We recommend making it easy by bringing in professionals to do a deep clean as soon as you put your home on the market. Then, all you have to do along the way is pick up any stray clutter on your way out the door.


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"Hawaii – The Pace of Formation" is a window into the creation of an island. The Kilauea Volcano's continued flow of lava into the ocean is one of the few places in the world to provide a front row seat of an island's formation. The Big Island is literally changing before your eyes. This vast island contains 8 out of 13 different climate zones in the world, each with unique ecosystems, making the Big Island one of the most ecologically diverse places in the world. To showcase its diversity, we wanted to slow things down and let its beauty speak for itself. Enjoy!
Visit all the locations in this video for yourself in this unique 8k 360 video experience: youtube.com/watch?v=c858UGeCeG4
Check out a behind-the-scenes look at the filming of this adventure: vimeo.com/203005247


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The human physique is wise: It should at all times take the trail of least resistance to get issues executed. That is all too clear to health professionals when coaching shoppers — inexperienced persons and veterans alike — who exhibit defective type on primary workouts.
For instance, in the event you're attempting to squat however you've weak glute muscular tissues, your physique will recruit muscular tissues out of your decrease again to compensate. Why is that dangerous? As a result of you'll be able to extra simply injure these muscular tissues which are attempting to compensate for weaker muscular tissues. Even in the event you skirt damage, you will not get probably the most out of an train when you've dangerous type.
For the reason that ongoing coronavirus pandemic makes it arduous or unattainable to see a private coach or attend group health courses with skilled instruction, I recognized among the most typical health errors I see in 4 foundational workouts: the squat, deadlift, push-up and shoulder press. On this information, I cowl widespread errors intimately and clarify precisely what that you must do to repair them.
Everybody ought to grasp the squat. Squatting is among the most foundational, useful motion patterns recognized to man, but most of us have misplaced our means to entry the squat place. This occurs once we spend most of our time sedentary and lose mobility in our hips, ankles and backbone.
For some folks, anatomical variations play a task in how tough it's to drop right into a squat (e.g., the positioning of the ball-and-socket joint of your hips), however even these with probably the most squat-resistant bone construction can be taught to entry deep, snug squats.
Mistake 1: Torso collapses
Repair it: Enhance hip, ankle and spinal mobility, in addition to core power.
As a private coach, the ahead lean is well the commonest squat fault I see. This happens when a mix of rigid joints and weak core muscular tissues forestall you from holding your self upright in a deep squat. Your hips and ankles do not permit for a big sufficient vary of movement, whereas your core (abdominals and again muscular tissues) cannot assist your backbone. Weak glute muscular tissues can also trigger you to lean ahead.
To repair a ahead lean, you may want to enhance mobility in your hips, ankles and backbone, as effectively improve your core power. Listed here are some follow-along movies that may provide help to get began:
Mistake 2: Heels come off the bottom
Repair it: Enhance ankle and hip mobility.
In the event you can't preserve your toes flat on the bottom throughout a squat, that is one other widespread signal of restricted mobility, notably within the ankles. Hip mobility and spinal mobility limitations may contribute to your heels elevating off of the bottom.
To repair this widespread squat mistake, spend a variety of time in your ankle mobility, however do not neglect your different joints. Relating to squatting, optimum mobility in all joints (even your higher physique) plus nice core power results in faultless type.
Listed here are extra ankle mobility workouts for individuals who battle to maintain their heels on the bottom throughout squats:
Whereas push-ups do not essentially mimic day-to-day actions, they develop power in your core, chest, again and shoulders. Push-ups educate you to stabilize your core muscular tissues to guard your backbone, in addition to preserve your physique in alignment, which might encourage higher posture.
Mistake 1: Elbows flare out
Repair it: Strengthen triceps and muscular tissues surrounding the scapulae.
If you do a push-up, your elbows ought to level backward or simply barely outward (as much as a 45-degree angle along with your torso). Flared elbows, particularly in the event that they're flared to a 90-degree angle, point out weak triceps and weak higher again muscular tissues, the latter of which contributes to rounded shoulders. Rounded shoulders knock your backbone out of its pure alignment and, over time, can result in ache and immobility.
To keep away from flared elbows, strengthen your triceps (the backs of your higher arms) and the muscular tissues surrounding your scapulae (shoulder blades). The workouts within the following movies ought to assist.
Mistake 2: Core collapses, backbone arches
Repair it: Strengthen your core.
If at any level throughout a push-up your again arches in the direction of the bottom, that you must work in your core power. When your backbone hyperextends within the push-up place (on the prime or backside), it means your core cannot assist your backbone.
If you cannot carry out normal push-ups with out arching your again, begin with wall push-ups and progress to knee push-ups after which elevated push-ups. There is no disgrace in modifying a motion — it is the good approach to begin, so you do not develop dangerous habits or maintain an damage.
And check out these core-strengthening workouts that may enhance your push-up type:
Deadlifts are available an in depth second for "most useful motion." Take into consideration how typically you bend down to select issues up — you are basically doing a deadlift each time. Mastering the deadlift teaches you safely choose heavy objects up from the bottom, whereas defending your again.
Mistake 1: Backbone rounds in beginning place
Repair it: Follow deadlift method, enhance hip mobility.
All it takes is a few method follow to appropriate a rounded backbone within the beginning place of the deadlift. Many inexperienced persons haven't got the physique consciousness wanted to appreciate that their again is not flat. This error generally occurs, nonetheless,a on account of an absence of hip mobility. If you cannot "sit" low sufficient within the beginning place, you may naturally compensate by rounding your again to achieve the weights.
Follow your deadlift method and enhance your hip mobility with these train demos:
Mistake 2: Again arches on the finish of the rep
Repair it: Follow core alignment workouts.
Like the primary deadlift mistake, arching your again within the end place is usually the product of poor physique consciousness. Newcomers could not understand that they are really pulling too far and ending up on this hyperextended place. If you end a deadlift, your backbone ought to stay in a impartial place (not arched and never rounded).
You may repair this fault by training core alignment. When your core is in alignment, which means your higher again, decrease again, abdominals, hip flexors and glutes create one stable, robust cylinder round your backbone. Get up and comply with these cues to realize core alignment:
- Take a deep breath
- Pull your shoulders again and down
- Tuck your tailbone barely (eliminate any anterior tilting)
- Squeeze your glutes
- Draw your stomach button into your backbone
- Activate your ab muscular tissues
Want a visible? Try this video demonstration with a number of completely different cues that each one clarify interact your core.
Shoulder press
One other extremely useful motion, the shoulder press is essential for each day actions, akin to placing a heavy field up on a shelf. This motion can develop power and stability in your higher physique and core — in the event you do it proper.
Mistake 1: Arms do not totally lengthen overhead
Repair it: Enhance shoulder and higher again mobility.
Typically, not totally extending your arms overhead on the prime of a shoulder press occurs just because the individual is unaware that they are not totally extending. This may be fastened with some follow and physique consciousness.
Some folks cannot totally lengthen their arms overhead, nonetheless, on account of restricted shoulder mobility. That may develop after an damage or occur simply since you aren't transferring your shoulders sufficient (identical to hips can get tight if you sit all day). Your center and higher again (thoracic backbone) may grow to be tight and rounded on account of poor posture — in the event you really feel a pinching sensation in your higher again if you attempt to increase your palms up excessive, you recognize that you must work in your T backbone.
Attempt the shoulder mobility workouts in these movies:
Mistake 2: Again arches
Repair it: Strengthen your core
Are you beginning to discover the pattern that many widespread train errors occur on account of weak core muscular tissues? When you've weak core muscular tissues, your physique will compensate by pushing the hips ahead and lifting the tailbone (anterior tilt), in addition to hyperextending the backbone (arching) to stabilize the burden touring above your head.
Shoulder presses should not damage your again. This error is so widespread that many individuals assume it is regular to finish a set of shoulder presses feeling like their backbone has been compressed — it isn't regular. It means that you must work in your core power.
For shoulder presses particularly, that you must discover ways to tuck your tailbone, squeeze your glutes and draw your navel into your backbone. This creates an especially robust, steady cylinder that protects your backbone. You will not look cute whilst you're doing this, however you're going to get stronger and keep freed from accidents.
These core strengthening movies might help you enhance your shoulder press:
The knowledge contained on this article is for academic and informational functions solely and isn't meant as well being or medical recommendation. All the time seek the advice of a doctor or different certified well being supplier concerning any questions you might have a few medical situation or well being goals.


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Page 1 of 4
In Part 1 of this work, we have derived a dynamical system describing the approach to a finite-time singularity of the Navier–Stokes equations. We now supplement this system with an equation describing the process of vortex reconnection at the apex of a pyramid, neglecting core deformation during the reconnection process. On this basis, we compute the maximum vorticity
as a function of vortex Reynolds number
in the range
$2000\leqslant R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}\leqslant 3400$
, and deduce a compatible behaviour
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{max}\sim \unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{0}\exp [1+220(\log [R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}/2000])^{2}]$
$R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}\rightarrow \infty$
. This may be described as a physical (although not strictly mathematical) singularity, for all
$R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}\gtrsim 4000$
The evolution towards a finite-time singularity of the Navier–Stokes equations for flow of an incompressible fluid of kinematic viscosity
is studied, starting from a finite-energy configuration of two vortex rings of circulation
$\pm \unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$
and radius
, symmetrically placed on two planes at angles
$\pm \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$
to a plane of symmetry
. The minimum separation of the vortices,
, and the scale of the core cross-section,
, are supposed to satisfy the initial inequalities
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\ll s\ll R$
, and the vortex Reynolds number
is supposed very large. It is argued that in the subsequent evolution, the behaviour near the points of closest approach of the vortices (the 'tipping points') is determined solely by the curvature
at the tipping points and by
, where
is a dimensionless time variable. The Biot–Savart law is used to obtain analytical expressions for the rate of change of these three variables, and a nonlinear dynamical system relating them is thereby obtained. The solution shows a finite-time singularity, but the Biot–Savart law breaks down just before this singularity is realised, when
become of order unity. The dynamical system admits 'partial Leray scaling' of just
, and ultimately full Leray scaling of
, conditions for which are obtained. The tipping point trajectories are determined; these meet at the singularity point at a finite angle. An alternative model is briefly considered, in which the initial vortices are ovoidal in shape, approximately hyperbolic near the tipping points, for which there is no restriction on the initial value of the parameter
; however, it is still the circles of curvature at the tipping points that determine the local evolution, so the same dynamical system is obtained, with breakdown again of the Biot–Savart approach just before the incipient singularity is realised. The Euler flow situation (
) is considered, and it is conjectured on the basis of the above dynamical system that a finite-time singularity can indeed occur in this case.
Vortex reconnection under Biot–Savart evolution is investigated geometrically and numerically using a tent model consisting of vortex filaments initially in the form of two tilted hyperbolic branches; the vortices are antiparallel at their points of nearest approach. It is shown that the tips of these vortices approach each other, accelerating as they do so to form a finite-time singularity at the apex of the tent. The minimum separation of the vortices and the maximum velocity and axial strain rate exhibit nearly self-similar Leray scaling, but the exponents of the velocity and strain rate deviate slightly from their respective self-similar values of
; this deviation is associated with the appearance of distinct minima of curvature leading to cusp structures at the tips. The writhe and twist of each vortex are both zero at all times up to the instant of reconnection. By way of validation of the model, the structure of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the rate-of-strain tensor is investigated: it is shown that the second eigenvalue
has dipole structure around the vortex filaments. At the tips, it is observed that
is positive and the corresponding eigenvector is tangent to the filament, implying persistent stretching of the vortex.
A one-dimensional model of magnetic relaxation in a pressureless low-resistivity plasma is considered. The initial two-component magnetic field
is strongly helical, with non-uniform helicity density. The magnetic pressure gradient drives a velocity field that is dissipated by viscosity. Relaxation occurs in two phases. The first is a rapid initial phase in which the magnetic energy drops sharply and the magnetic pressure becomes approximately uniform; the helicity density is redistributed during this phase but remains non-uniform, and although the total helicity remains relatively constant, a Taylor state is not established. The second phase is one of slow diffusion, in which the velocity is weak, though still driven by persistent weak non-uniformity of magnetic pressure; during this phase, magnetic energy and helicity decay slowly and at constant ratio through the combined effects of pressure equalisation and finite resistivity. The density field, initially uniform, develops rapidly (in association with the magnetic field) during the initial phase, and continues to evolve, developing sharp maxima, throughout the diffusive stage. Finally it is proved that, if the resistivity is zero, the spatial mean
$\langle (\boldsymbol{b}\boldsymbol{\cdot }\boldsymbol{{\rm\nabla}}\times \boldsymbol{b})/b^{2}\rangle$
is an invariant of the governing one-dimensional induction equation.
Based on experimental evidence that vortex reconnection commences with the approach of nearly antiparallel segments of vorticity, a linearised model is developed in which two Burgers-type vortices are driven together and stretched by an ambient irrotational strain field induced by more remote vorticity. When these Burgers vortices are exactly antiparallel, they are annihilated on the strain time-scale, independent of kinematic viscosity
$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\nu $
in the limit
$\nu \rightarrow 0$
. When the vortices are skew to each other, they are annihilated under this action over a local extent that increases exponentially in the stretching direction, with clear evidence of reconnection on the same strain time-scale. The initial helicity associated with the skewed geometry is eliminated during the process of reconnection. The model applies equally to the reconnection of weak magnetic flux tubes under the action of a strain field, when Lorentz forces are negligible.
Triad interactions, involving a set of wave-vectors
$\{\pm \boldsymbol {k}, \pm \boldsymbol {p}, \pm \boldsymbol {q}\}$
, with
$ \boldsymbol {k} + \boldsymbol {p}+ \boldsymbol {q}=0$
, are considered, and the results of triad truncation are compared with the results of exact Euler evolution starting from the same initial conditions. The essential two-dimensionality of the triad interaction is used to separate the problem into two parts: a nonlinear two-dimensional flow problem in the triad plane, and a linear problem of 'passive scalar' type for the evolution of the component of velocity perpendicular to this plane. Several examples of triad evolution are presented in detail, and the marked contrast with Euler evolution is demonstrated. It is known that energy and helicity are conserved under triad truncation; it is shown that the 'in-plane' energy and enstrophy are also conserved. However, it is also shown that, in general, the evolution of the vorticity under triad truncation cannot be represented as transport by any divergence-free velocity field, with the consequence that the detailed topology of the vorticity field is not conserved under this truncation.
If, in a large expanse of fluid such as air or water, an object that is heavier than the fluid displaced is released from rest, it descends in a manner that can depend in a complex way on its geometry and density (relative to that of the fluid), and on the fluid viscosity, which, as in other fluid contexts, remains important no matter how small this viscosity may be. A major numerical attack on this problem for the case in which the object is a thin circular disc is presented by Auguste, Magnaudet & Fabre (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 719, 2013, pp. 388–405).
A class of similarity solutions for two-dimensional unsteady flow in the neighbourhood of a front or rear stagnation point on a plane boundary is considered, and a wide range of possible behaviour is revealed, depending on whether the flow in the far field is accelerating or decelerating. The solutions, when they exist, are exact solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations, having a boundary-layer character analogous to that of the classical steady front stagnation point flow. The velocity profiles are obtained by numerical integration of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. For the front-flow situation, the solution is unique for the accelerating case, but bifurcates for modest deceleration, while for sufficient rapid deceleration there exists a one-parameter family of solutions. For the rear-flow situation, a unique solution exists (remarkably!) for sufficiently strong acceleration, and a one-parameter family again exists for sufficient strong deceleration. Analytic results, which are consistent with the numerical results, are obtained in the limits of strong acceleration or deceleration, and for the asymptotic behaviour far from the boundary.
The mean electromotive force (EMF) associated with exponentially growing perturbations of an Euler flow with elliptic streamlines in a rotating frame of reference is studied. We are motivated by the possibility of dynamo action triggered by tidal deformation of astrophysical objects such as accretion discs, stars or planets. Ellipticity of the flow models such tidal deformations in the simplest way. Using analytical techniques developed by Lebovitz & Zweibel (Astrophys. J., vol. 609, 2004, pp. 301–312) in the limit of small elliptic (tidal) deformations, we find the EMF associated with each resonant instability described by Mizerski & Bajer (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 632, 2009, pp. 401–430), and for arbitrary ellipticity the EMF associated with unstable horizontal modes. Mixed resonance between unstable hydrodynamic and magnetic modes and resonance between unstable and oscillatory horizontal modes both lead to a non-vanishing mean EMF which grows exponentially in time. The essential conclusion is that interactions between unstable eigenmodes with the same wave-vector can lead to a non-vanishing mean EMF, without any need for viscous or magnetic dissipation. This applies generally (and not only to the elliptic instabilities considered here).
The Lighthill–Weis-Fogh 'clap–fling–sweep' mechanism for lift generation in insect flight is re-examined. The novelty of this mechanism lies in the change of topology (the 'break') that occurs at a critical instant tc when two wings separate at their 'hinge' point as 'fling' gives way to 'sweep', and the appearance of equal and opposite circulations around the wings at this critical instant. Our primary aim is to elucidate the behaviour near the hinge point as time t passes through tc. First, Lighthill's inviscid potential flow theory is reconsidered. It is argued that provided the linear and angular accelerations of the wings are continuous, the velocity field varies continuously through the break, although the pressure field jumps instantaneously at t = tc. Then, effects of viscosity are considered. Near the hinge, the local Reynolds number is very small and local similarity solutions imply a logarithmic (integrable) singularity of the pressure jump across the hinge just before separation, in contrast to the 'negligible pressure jump' of inviscid theory invoked by Lighthill. We also present numerical simulations of the flow using a volume penalization technique to represent the motion of the wings. For Reynolds number equal to unity (based on wing chord), the results are in good agreement with the analytical solution. At a realistic Reynolds number of about 20, the flow near the hinge is influenced by leading-edge vortices, but local effects still persist. The lift coefficient is found to be much greater than that in the corresponding inviscid flow.
Ten years have elapsed since the passing of George Keith Batchelor (8 March 1920–30 March 2000), formerly Professor of Fluid Dynamics at the University of Cambridge, and Founder Editor of the Journal of Fluid Mechanics. It is fitting to remind the readers of this Journal what a great scientist he was, both in respect of his own contributions to our subject, and even more in respect of his inspirational influence on generations of research students and younger colleagues, and also more widely on the international stage, on which he was a revered, if sometimes controversial, personality.
We construct numerical examples of a 'modon' (counter-rotating vortices) in an Euler flow by exploiting the analogy between steady Euler flows and magnetostatic equilibria in a perfectly conducting fluid. A numerical modon solution can be found by determining its corresponding magnetostatic equilibrium, which we refer to as a 'magnetic moclon'. Such an equilibrium is obtained numerically by a relaxation procedure that conserves the topology of the relaxing field. Our numerical results show how the shape of a magnetic modon depends on its 'signature' (magnetic flux profile), and that these magnetic modons are unexpectedly unstable to non-symmetric perturbations. Diffusion can change the topology of the field through a reconnection process and separate the two magnetic eddies. We further show that the analogous Euler flow (or modon) behaves similar to a perturbed Hill's vortex.
A physically transparent and mathematically streamlined derivation is presented for a third-order nonlinear dynamical system that describes the curious chiral reversals of a celt (rattleback). The system is integrable, and its solutions are periodic, showing an infinite succession of spin reversals. Inclusion of linear dissipation allows any given number of reversals, and a typical celt's observed behaviour is well captured by tuning the dissipation parameters.
Howell Peregrine, who died on 20th March after a brief illness, had an exceptionally
long and distinguished period of service for this Journal, first as Assistant Editor
(1979–1980) then Associate Editor (1981–2007). In this capacity, he had editorial
responsibility for some 50 papers every year, more than 1200 in total. This was
a massive contribution to the continuing success of the Journal, to which it is
appropriate and fitting that we pay grateful tribute.
The magnetohydrodynamic evolution of axisymmetric magnetic eddies within which the magnetic field is purely toroidal with $B_\theta/r$ piecewise-constant, and the velocity field is poloidal, is studied both analytically and numerically. A family of exact solutions, generalizing Hill's spherical vortex to the case of non-zero magnetic field, is found. These exact solutions are (like Hill's vortex) unstable, so that, under weak disturbance, a narrow spike of vorticity is shed from the neighbourhood of the rear stagnation point. Numerical simulation using a contour-dynamics formulation shows that, for general initial contour shape, a contour singularity appears at a finite time $t^*$, like that which appears on a disturbed vortex sheet. Techniques of regularization and sample-point redistribution are used so that the eddy contours can be tracked well beyond $t^*$. When the fluid is initially at rest, the magnetic eddy first contracts towards the axis of symmetry under the action of its Lorentz force distribution; then two spherical fronts form, which propagate in the two opposite directions along the axis of symmetry, in a manner captured well by the exact solution. The magnetic energy remains bounded away from zero despite the fact that there is no topological barrier to its further decrease. Magnetic eddy evolution and the possible existence of steady states under a uniform compressive strain field is also numerically investigated.
Stokes flow of a viscous fluid in a cylindrical container driven by time-periodic forcing, either at the boundary or through oscillation of the cylinder about an axis parallel to its generators, is considered. The behaviour is governed by a dimensionless frequency parameter $\eta$ and by the geometry of the cylinder cross-section. Various cross-sections (square, rhombus, and sector of a circle) are first treated by either finite-difference or analytic techniques and typical transitions of streamline topology during flow reversals are identified. Attention is then focused on the asymptotic behaviour near any sharp corner on the boundary. For small $\eta$, a regular perturbation expansion reveals the manner in which local flow reversal proceeds during each half-cycle of the flow. The behaviour depends on the corner angle, and different regimes are identified for both types of forcing. For example, for an oscillating square domain, eddies grow symmetrically from each corner and participate in the subsequent flow reversal in the interior. For large $\eta$, the corner eddies merge into Stokes-type boundary layers which drive the interior flow-reversal process. In general, the local corner analysis provides a key to an understanding of the global flow evolution.
We present two classes of exact solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations, which describe steady vortex structures with two-dimensional symmetry in an infinite fluid. The first is a class of similarity solutions obtained by conformal mapping of the Burgers vortex sheet to produce wavy sheets, stars, flowers and other vorticity patterns. The second is a class of non-similarity solutions obtained by continuation and mapping of the classical solution to steady advection–diffusion around a finite circular absorber in a two-dimensional potential flow, resulting in more complicated vortex structures that we describe as avenues, fishbones, wheels, eyes and butterflies. These solutions exhibit a transition from 'clouds' to 'wakes' of vorticity in the transverse flow with increasing Reynolds number. Our solutions provide useful test cases for numerical simulations, and some may be observable in experiments, although we expect instabilities at high Reynolds number. For example, vortex avenues may be related to counter-rotating vortex pairs in transverse jets, and they may provide a practical means to extend jets from dilution holes, fuel injectors, and smokestacks into crossflows.
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