text: Annalisa Polverari Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Università degli Studi di Verona Biography Publications Institution JoVE Articles Annalisa Polverari has not added a biography. If you are Annalisa Polverari and would like to personalize this page please email our Author Liaison for assistance. Publications Application of Chemical Genomics to Plant-Bacteria Communication: A High-Throughput System to Identify Novel Molecules Modulating the Induction of Bacterial Virulence Genes by Plant Signals Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28439871 Genome-wide Characterisation and Expression Profile of the Grapevine ATL Ubiquitin Ligase Family Reveal Biotic and Abiotic Stress-responsive and Development-related Members Scientific Reports. Dec, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27910910 Construction of a Synthetic Infectious CDNA Clone of Grapevine Algerian Latent Virus (GALV-Nf) and Its Biological Activity in Nicotiana Benthamiana and Grapevine Plants Virology Journal. Nov, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25367743 Investigating Topic Models' Capabilities in Expression Microarray Data Classification IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics / IEEE, ACM. Nov-Dec, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23221091 Expression of Medicago Truncatula Genes Responsive to Nitric Oxide in Pathogenic and Symbiotic Conditions Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI. Jun, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18624641 Cross Talk Between Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species During the Hypersensitive Disease Resistance Response Plant Physiology. Jun, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16760491 Nitric Oxide-mediated Transcriptional Changes in Arabidopsis Thaliana Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI. Dec, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14651343 Improved in Planta Expression of the Human Islet Autoantigen Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GAD65) Transgenic Research. Apr, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12739888 The Functions of Nitric Oxide-mediated Signaling and Changes in Gene Expression During the Hypersensitive Response Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. Feb, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12626115 Comprehensive Workflow for the Genome-wide Identification and Expression Meta-analysis of the ATL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene Family in Grapevine Pietro Ariani*1, Elodie Vandelle*1, Darren Wong2, Alejandro Giorgetti1, Andrea Porceddu3, Salvatore Camiolo3, Annalisa Polverari1 1Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, 2Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 3Dipartimento di Agraria, SACEG, Università degli Studi di Sassari JoVE 56626 Biology


text:
Christian Lawyers in Dennis
For many people, finding a Christian lawyer in Dennis, Massachusetts, is a priority if they have a legal issue to resolve.
The successful outcome of a legal claim or lawsuit often depends on how clearly the lawyer and their client can communicate with one another. Generally speaking, it's best if the attorney and client both share similar beliefs and hold similar values. If the lawyer doesn't support the client's outlook, it can cause unneeded strain during the legal process.
Therefore, Christian attorneys in Dennis, Massachusetts are discouraged from taking cases which present a moral conflict to them. Dennis lawyers must also adhere to rigorous professional and ethics standards when assisting clients.
Types of Lawyers in Dennis, Massachusetts
There are many forms of Christian lawyers in Dennis who can help you with your legal needs. Dennis, Massachusetts attorneys can provide you with legal assistance that is tailored to meet your unique needs.
For instance, it's helpful to know that Christian attorneys can represent clients in every major field of law, like family law, immigration law, real estate law, criminal law, and many other fields. Moreover, while some Christian lawyers practice in multiple areas of law, others are certified specialists in a specific legal field.
They provide many critical services, like filing court papers, reviewing important documents, and providing guidance during court trials. These can help ensure that your legal claim is successful.
It is common for local laws to be subject to frequent change. However, a Christian attorney can help explain the law to you and how any changes may affect your case. The outcome of your lawsuit will depend on how well your attorney understands state and local laws. Christian attorneys are also conscious of the professional and ethical guidelines that are specific to your region.
Regardless of your legal needs, a properly formed attorney-client relationship is imperative in order for your claim to succeed. A highly qualified Christian lawyer can recognize how your moral and religious background plays a role in your claim.
How Can a Dennis Christian Attorney Help?
LegalMatch can help you find a qualified lawyer in Dennis. A Dennis Christian lawyer can provide you with legal assistance, and will be on hand to assist you with the filing and processing of your legal case.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
During the first months of the summer term 2019/2020, the Faculty of Arts and Letters, Catholic University in Ruzomberok had an opportunity to host two Ukrainian scholars from the area of journalism and media studies – Olha Harmatiy from the Lviv Polytechnic National University and Oksana Pochapska from the Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University. They realized their stays thanks to the generous support of the National Scholarship Program of the Slovak Republic.
Unfortunately, due to the coronavirus pandemic and measures taken by the Slovak government and authorities in March, their visits were disrupted (closures of our faculty, university library, other facilities, uncertainty about a possibility to travel out of Slovakia etc.) and that is why both of them had to finish their stays prematurely and they returned to Ukraine by the end of March.
During her two-month long research stay Olha Harmatiy focused on the internet-based communication between local government authorities, the media and public. She explored this topic mainly by analyzing a case study of cooperation between local authorities and local media in Ruzomberok. Besides her primary research, she had a chance to learn more about the education process within our journalism study program but also to find out more about Slovak culture. Finally, she was designing a new course for her home university and she engaged in some other research activities. Due to her premature departure, she did not have time to complete everything that was planned but there is a hope that she might be coming back to Ruzomberok in the future to finish her research.
Oksana Pochapska visited our faculty for one month during which she focused on her research topic "Transformation of the consciousness of the audience under the influence of the printed media in Post-Soviet (Ukraine, Russia and Belarus) and European countries". She had a chance to work in our university library and she finished a chapter on the media in Slovakia. Due to the complications with the coronavirus pandemic she did not have time to conclude her research and also in her case there is a hope that she might be returning to Ruzomberok in the future.
We are happy that we had a chance to host these two scholars and we hope that we will deepen our cooperation with their institutions. When it comes to the university from Kamianets-Podilskyi, our Catholic University in Ruzomberok already has a fruitful cooperation mainly within Erasmus+ mobility program, therefore, we already had a chance to welcome several colleagues from this university at our institution.


text:
Howdy Boom Jockeys!
"Not ready to say farewell? Available from Nov. 5 at 05:00 PT | 07:00 CT | 08:00 ET through Nov. 25 at 03:00 PT | 05:00 CT | 06:00 ET, all commanders who got the vehicle from the Prime Gaming packages will be able to purchase it from the Premium Shop in a special bundle with a 35% discount. In addition to this formidable American brawler, you'll also get a load of Personal Reserves and other items."
More information can be found HERE.
In addition depending on how long you have had the King Tiger unlocked you will receive tokens for other free stuff!
PSA: Missing tokens! Don't worry they are on the way.
Queue the Tiger Noises!
Edited by KRZYBooP, Nov 05 2020 - 18:59.


text:
Perspectives on China
57 total results. Page 1 of 3.
Arent Fox International Trade Practice Leader Kay Georgi will speak as a Co-Chair at the US-China Trade Controls Conference hosted by the American Conference Institute on October 22, 2020.
Arent Fox Partner Kay Georgi will speak as part of a panel discussion titled "Recent Changes to the EAR."
On Friday, May 29, 2020, President Trump issued a proclamation, effective Monday, June 1, 2020, suspending indefinitely the entry into the US of certain Chinese students and researchers.
International practice co-leader Malcolm McNeil was recently quoted in a FOXBusiness article that discusses the recent plunging oil prices that have devastated Texas oil companies.
Through an array of legislative and administrative measures over the past couple of years, the US Government has made significant strides in its effort to limit, and perhaps end altogether, the proliferation of Chinese-origin telecommunications technology in US infrastructure.
Ahoy, Exporters to China, Russia, and Venezuela! Massive Military End Use/User Controls & Reporting Icebergs Lie Ahead!
In yet another action on April 28, 2020, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) issued a final rule imposing stricter license requirements on a wide range of exports, reexports and transfers to China, Russia, or Venezuela for "military end uses" or to "military end users."
Rumors have circulated through the export community for months, and the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) has finally acted. In a final rule published April 28, 2020, BIS is removing License Exception Civil End-Users (CIV) (15 CFR §740.5) from the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
On April 28, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) issued a proposed rule that would revise License Exception Additional Permissive Re-Exports (APR).
Arent Fox Attorney Russell Semmel will speak at the 20th Judicial Conference of the United States Court of International Trade hosted on November 18, 2019 in Washington, DC.
International Trade Partner David Hanke will speak at the Center for Strategic and International Studies' (CSIS) upcoming moderated panel titled Managing the Risk of Tech Transfer to China.
Arent Fox International Arbitration Associate Claudia Hartleben will speak at a forum titled "Delivering on the Promise of International Arbitration: How Can Parties Obtain the Value and Efficiency that International Commercial Arbitration Is Supposed to Provide?"
On August 1, 2019, Trump posted a tweet that beginning on September 1, 2019, importers can expect a 10% tariff on $300 billion of Chinese goods.
At a press conference at the G20 Summit in Japan on June 29, President Trump said he will not lift current Section 301 tariffs on China, but also would not add tariffs on any additional Chinese imports "for at least the time being" as part of an agreement to resume negotiations with China.
On May 21, 2019, the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) published a Federal Register notice requesting comments on the proposed exclusion process for List 3 of the Section 301 tariffs on Chinese imports.
Sanctions on Steroids: Huawei is a Prohibited 'Entity,' Foreign Adversaries Are Lurking in Information and Communications Services, What Does It All Mean?
Between the addition of Huawei, the world's largest telecommunications equipment maker, to the Entity List and a new EO declaring a national emergency related to information and communications technology and services, last week proved to be nonstop excitement for the export control world.
For these tariffs to become effective, the US Trade Representative will need to publish a final notice after public comment and hearing.
China Section 301 List 3 Developments: An Increase to 25 Percent and Possibly an Exclusion Process – And Then a List 4?
On Sunday, May 5, President Donald Trump announced that the Section 301 tariffs on List 3 products will increase from 10 percent to 25 percent on Friday, May 10, and to expect a fourth list of $325 billion in Chinese imports to be taxed at 25 percent.
Headlines that matter for privacy and data security.
Section 301 Update: No List 3 Exclusion Process for Now; Expect Delays on List 1 and 2 Exclusion Reviews
The US Trade Representative has announced the Trump administration's intention of leaving companies subject to the 10 percent tariff rate under Section 301 List 3 without an exclusion process.
China Section 301 Update: Product List 3 Determination; Product List 2 Exclusion Process Announced; and Modifications to Ch. 98 and MTB Claims
The Trump Administration recently announced several major decisions, including: finalizing the List 3 products subject to additional duties and revealing its implementation schedule.
US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer issued a statement on August 2, 2018, advising that President Trump has directed him to consider raising the previously proposed 10% additional duty to be applied to $200 billion worth of Chinese goods (referred to as the List 3 products) to 25%.
On July 6, 2018, the implementation day for the Section 301 "List 1" duties, the United States Trade Representative released the procedures for filing exclusion requests for List 1 products subject to the 25 percent tariff pursuant to Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974.
Today, the Government of Canada released the final list of goods that will be subject to retaliatory tariffs effective July 1, 2018.
Where is my child? Ask any parent who has ever lost sight of their child and they will tell you that these short moments of panic can feel like a lifetime. Thankfully, events like these can in many ways soon be a thing of the past.
When companies create anti-bribery programs and provide training to staff, many understandably focus on bribery of foreign government officials.


text:
Lanaudière spreads from the St.-Lawrence River to the dense coniferous forest of the Laurentian massif.
Awash in a sea of blue and green, this region boasts a national trail, two wildlife reserves, a national park and over 10 000 lakes and rivers teeming with trout and pike. Moreover, there are no less than eight regional parks that offer hiking trails in a breathtaking setting. Numerous waterfalls accentuate the area's beauty, which all nature-lovers are intent on keeping unspoiled. From the islands of the Lac Saint-Pierre archipelago, a UNESCO World biosphere reserve, to the Atikamekw reservation of Manawan to the north, traditions are passed down in an environment whose charm is both pastoral and untamed.


text:
Added on
Fill a tall glass with ice, pour in the Sailor Jerry's and add a dash of blackcurrant juice and top up with coke. Stir well and serve.
Add to a list
You need to be a member in create and edit lists
Register here
Already a member?
Add to basket
- Coke ()
- DashBlackcurrant Cordial ()
- 35 mlSailor Jerry's ()
Add to My Bar
- Coke
- DashBlackcurrant Cordial
- 35 mlSailor Jerry's
Email the recipe
Text the recipe
Source: https://makemeacocktail.com/cocktail/1618/drumstick/


text:
Browse By
Islam exerts a profound influence on the society and politics of Bangladesh. Islamist activity in the country takes three broad forms: the traditional revivalism of grassroots movements such as the Hefazat-e-Islam, Ahl-i-Hadith, and Tablighi Jama'at; the incremental political Islam of Islamic political parties (most prominently the Bangladeshi Jama'at-i-Islami); and the more radical, subversive activism of jihadist organizations such as the Harkatul Jihad al-Islam (HUJIB) and Jagrato Muslim Janata Bangladesh (JMB), which seek to capture state power through unconstitutional or violent means.
Since 1988, Islam has served as the state religion, although Bangladesh's constitution allows for both freedom of religion and religiously-based politics. Terrorist attacks have been fairly uncommon in recent years, a credit to the government's vigilance. However, heavy-handed tactics to counter violent Islamic extremism, while effective, nonetheless carry the risk of radicalizing Islamist groups that currently wish to participate in legitimate political institutions.
Islamist activity in Bangladesh can be placed in three general categories: the traditional revivalism of grassroots movements, the incremental political Islam of the country's Islamic political parties, and the more radical, subversive activism of jihadist organizations. The level of Islamist activity in Bangladesh differs depending on the type. Islamic revivalist groups are highly active, as measured by their ability to mobilize and to protest. Islamic political parties, while present, are not as active in Bangladesh as in recent years due to heavy government crackdowns. Violent jihadist groups are present in Bangladesh as well, but they are not as active as they were several years ago, and particularly in 2015 and 2016—a period of frequent terrorist violence in Bangladesh—because of government crackdowns.
Islamic Revivalism
Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh (Protectorate of Islam in Bangladesh)
Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh, or Hefazat, emerged in January 2010 in opposition to the Awami League government's proposed Nary Unnayan Nity (Women Development Policy). The policy would give women inheritance rights equal to those of men, contradicting the Quranic law of inheritance – under which a woman's share is half that of a man.1 Hefazat is a conglomerate of about a dozen Islamic organizations, and is led by Mawlana Ahmad Shafi,2 a 99-year-old religious scholar and the chairman of the Bangladesh Qaumi Madrassa (religious school) system.3 To date, the organization enjoys the support of more than 25,000 madrassas across Bangladesh.4
Unlike a political party, Hefazat relies on public pressure to protect the country from anti-Islam activities. The organization claims to be financed through charity and donations.5 While Hefazat does not seek explicit political power, it acts as Bangladesh's most influential, informal political action group by supporting certain preferred political parties. Today, Hefazat is organizing based on a 13-point agenda, including a ban on the mixing genders in public places, the removal of sculptures, and demands for the retention of "absolute trust and faith in Almighty Allah" in the preamble of the constitution of Bangladesh.6
Hefazat ascended to the center of national politics in May 2013 when it organized the "Siege of Dhaka," a demonstration of about half a million people—an indication of its strong mobilizing power—that paralyzed the capital city while demanding the implementation of its 13-point demand platform.7 All Bangladeshi political parties except the Marxist ones desire to build a rapport with Hefazat in order to tap into the group's huge support base in rural Bangladesh. Mainstream political parties like the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), Bangladesh Awami League (BAL), and Bangladesh Jatya Party (BJP) either implicitly or explicitly try to maintain links with Hefazat. Supporters of Hefazat say it is campaigning to "save Islam" in Bangladesh, while its detractors fear that the group will take the country "back into the dark ages."8
In May 2017, the group launched a major targeted protest, demanding that a statue of Lady Justice, which it deemed to be offensive to Islam, be removed from the Supreme Court premises in Dhaka. The government conceded and removed the statue, only to eventually return it to a less prominent location a few days later. That same year, Hefazat demanded that public school textbooks be more Islam-oriented in nature; the government again obliged. The group also drew at least 100,000 people to a July 2017 protest calling for a new blasphemy law.9 Specifically, Hefazat has called for a new law that would execute anyone who criticizes Allah or the Prophet Muhammad. According to the State Department's 2018 report on international religious freedom, Bangladesh's current penal code stipulates that "statements or acts made with a 'deliberate and malicious' intent to insult religious sentiments' can lead to fines or up to two years in prison… Although the code does not further define this prohibited intent, the courts have interpreted it to include insulting the Prophet Muhammad." However, there is currently no blasphemy law on the books in Bangladesh.10
Ahl-i-Hadith Bangladesh (AHAB)
AHAB is another important Islamic revivalist grassroots group. AHAB subscribes to Wahhabbi ideology, following the exclusionary teachings of Saudi Arabia's Islamic ulema (clergy). As part of this worldview, the group does not recognize any single school of law and relies only on the Quran and hadith.11 AHAB exists in about 40 districts and claims more than 25 million followers.12 It aims to disseminate the knowledge of the Quran and the hadith, but AHAB does not openly involve itself in politics. Instead, it seeks to reorganize the Muslim community and implement the principle of the Kalemai Tayeba (faith) in all walks of life.13 AHAB's funding comes from membership donations and a considerable supply of foreign donations, particularly from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and other Arab countries.14
Tablighi Jama'at (TJ) and Hizb ut-Tahrir (HuT)
TJ was founded in the 1920s by Mohammad Ilyas Shah with the objective of teaching non-practicing Muslims on the subcontinent how to perform daily prayer and to live in accordance with the teaching of Prophet Muhammad.15 The famous Kakrail mosque in Dhaka serves as the group's headquarters in Bangladesh. The missionary movement is organized by the volunteer work of dedicated religious individuals of all classes, though the middle class is dominant.16 It organizes meetings, seminars, and symposia, as well as an annual Istema (assembly) in the industrial town of Tongi on the banks of the Turag River. It the second largest congregation of Muslims in the world after the pilgrimage to Mecca. Although it does not have links with any political party, Tablighi Jama'at receives support from the Bangladeshi government in logistics, maintenance of law and order, traffic, health, and sanitation services.17 Millions of followers are active throughout Bangladesh, and the movement has significant impact on social life within the country. Tablighi Jama'at works to improve individual Islamic practices and maintains that it avoids radicalization and overtly political Islam.
Bangladesh is also susceptible to the influence of Hizb-ut-Tahrir (HuT), a grassroots Islamist movement formed in Jerusalem in 1953 that aims to establish a global Islamic caliphate through peaceful means. HuT maintains a major presence, not only throughout the Muslim World but also in the West, including the United States and particularly the United Kingdom. However, it is banned in many Muslim-majority countries, including in Bangladesh, but nevertheless enjoys a notable underground network there (as it does in Pakistan, Indonesia, and other areas of Muslim-majority Asia). HuT emerged in Bangladesh around 2000 (it was subsequently banned in 2009). It tends to attract well-educated and affluent supporters as well as members of key professions, including military personnel.18
In 2011, authorities arrested several Bangladeshi soldiers for alleged links to HuT and plans to overthrow the government. From that point on, HuT was relatively quiet in Bangladesh – until 2017, when it emerged with a new campaign in Chittagong. HuT accused the Bangladeshi government of colluding with the Burmese army to crack down on Rohingya Muslims.19 In reality, Dhaka expressed consistent public support for the Rohingya and their plight while managing an influx of several hundred thousand of them into Bangladesh throughout 2017.
Political Islam
The most important Islamist political party is Bangladesh Jama'at-I-Islami (BJI), originally known as simply Jama'at-i-Islami (JI). JI was founded in the early 1940s in British India by Islamic ideologue Syed Abul Ala Moududi. After Bangladesh's independence, JI was banned as a communal party in a secular state, although it continued to operate underground.20 In 1976, the renowned JI leader of former East Pakistan, Maulana Abdur Rahim, resumed JI activities when he formed the Islamic Democratic League (IDL).21 Six JI leaders ran on the IDL ticket and won seats in Bangladesh's parliament in 1979. The JI was then revived and began operating in Bangladesh in 1979 under its acting emir, Abbas Ali Khan, when the ban on religious-based political parties was withdrawn.22 Maulana Motiur Rahman Nijami was elected emir in 2002, a post he continued to occupy until he was executed in May 2016 for war crimes committed during the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971. After Nijami's death, JI renamed itself BJI and elected Maqbul Ahmed as its new leader.23
BJI focuses on obtaining power through democratic elections and the constitutional process. BJI believes in both Bangladeshi nationalism and Islamic democracy. The group's web site claims that "the BJI is striving democratically to enforce God–fearing, honest, and efficient leadership."24 BJI aims to create national unity and rejuvenate Islamic values in every sphere of national life with the goal of safeguarding the country from internal disorder and the attack of outsiders.25 To do this, BJI follows four principles: educating the people with proper Islamic knowledge and organizing them; developing moral values among them; providing social services on the basis of Islamic values; and, finally, improving the system of governance by replacing "the secular and oppressive leadership with God-fearing, honest, and qualified leadership" at all levels through democratic means.26 The largest functioning Islamic party in Bangladesh, BJI is popular among students, the academic intelligentsia, civil servants, the military, and other important sectors of Bangladeshi society.27 However, its overall political impact remains limited; since 1986, JI has never won more than 18 seats in parliamentary elections.28 BJI, as a partner in the country's 18-party political alliance, did not take part in the 2014 parliamentary elections, so no up-to-date measurement of its nationwide popularity exists.
BJI boasts a broad financial network, though its yearly income has never been disclosed publicly. It indirectly operates many financial institutions, including Islamic banks, Islamic insurance companies, private universities, medical colleges, and private schools. The Islamic Bank Bangladesh Ltd., a BJI-managed bank, reportedly emerged as one of the most successful commercial banks of Bangladesh.29 The ruling Awami League government replaced four of the bank's five-person Board of Directors with pro-government functionaries after the bank was accused of financing terrorism in 2014.30 BJI claims that its workers and members contribute money to the party fund according to their capabilities; the groups also receives regular donations from supporters and sympathizers in the Middle East, Europe, and North America.31 BJI has managed to successfully attract Western-educated elites, and is now considered the premier Islamic modernist party in the country.32
Many other minor Islamic parties exist in Bangladesh. Although the registered number stands at eight, more than 100 Islamic parties exist in one form or another.33 The most important among them are: the Bangladesh Muslim League, Nizam-I Islam, Bangladesh Khilafat Andolon, Bangladesh Khilafat Majlis, Islamic Andolon, Jamat-i Ulema Islam, and the Islamic Oikko Jote.34 Their organizations are weak and have slim support bases. Like BJI, each advocates for the imposition of Islamic law in Bangladesh.
BJI remains the most significant Islamic party in Bangladesh, even after being on the receiving end of government crackdowns for many years. While BJI is not a violent organization per se, it does have violent factions—most notably its youth wing, known as the Islami Chhatra Shibir, which has been implicated in a series of armed attacks.35 There remains a strong risk that some of the more hardline members of the group could become radicalized, since Dhaka has denied BJI peaceful channels through which too relay grievances and the ability to participate in elections.
Violent Islamist groups
Since the 1990s, al-Qaeda has boasted a considerable presence in Bangladesh, represented by underground organizations such as Harkatul Jihad al-Islam (HUJIB), Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB), and Ansarullah Bangla Team (ABT).
HUJIB was founded in Bangladesh in 1992 with the goal of establishing Islamic hukumat (rule) in Bangladesh via jihad.36 Comprised of veterans of the Afghan jihad, HUJIB reportedly received initial funding from bin Laden's International Islamic Front.37 In 2005, the Bangladeshi government banned the organization, and in 2008, the U.S. formally listed HUJIB as a terrorist group.38 HUJIB's principal activities are limited to the area between Cox's Bazaar, Bangladesh, and the country's border with Myanmar.39 The group reportedly maintains six camps in the Chittagong Hill Tract region, where its cadres are provided arms training. While there is no authoritative information about the actual size of the group, it has been estimated to have around 15,000 members.40 HUJIB reportedly receives financial assistance from Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Afghanistan via NGOs active in Bangladesh.41 Mufti Hannan, HUJIB's operational commander, launched an attack on British High Commissioner Anwar Chowdhury in 2004. In 2007, Hannan was arrested and sentenced to death for the crime (the sentence was upheld upon appeal in 2007).42 Since 2005, the Bangladeshi Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) police and army have frequently raided HUJIB operation centers and monitored HUJIB activities, significantly weakening the group's capabilities.43 As a result, HUJIB has not carried out a high-profile attack in over a decade, and it is currently unknown whether the group remains operational.
JMB was founded in 1998 with the aim of establishing sharia law in Bangladesh through armed revolution. Its supreme leader was Shaikh Abdur Rahman, whose second in command was Siddiqur Rahman (a.k.a. Bangla Bhai). Bangla Bhai also led the group's military wing, known as the Jagroto Muslim Janata Bangladesh (JMJB). In 2004, Bangla Bhai led a wave of terror attacks in the northern part of Bangladesh. The objects of the JMB onslaught were judges and lawyers, who were targeted as part of the organization's push to establish an Islamic legal system.44 Several international NGOs—among them the Kuwait-based Revival of Islamic Heritage and Doulatul Kuwait, the UAE-based Al Fuzaira, the Bahrain-based Doulatul Bahrain, and the Saudi Arabia-based Al Haramain Islamic Institute—have reportedly provided funding for the group in the past.45 The JMB reportedly has approximately 10,000 full-time and 100,000 part-time members, including teachers, students, and ordinary citizens.46 JMB was banned in 2005 by the government of Prime Minister Khaleda Zia. Shaikh Abdur Rahman, Bangla Bhai, and four other members of the Majlish-e-sura (the group's top decisionmaking body) were tried and executed in 2007.47 JMB activities between 2007 and 2015 decreased dramatically as a result of these executions, strict observation and monitoring by law enforcement, and a blanket government zero tolerance policy. The group experienced a resurgence in 2015, however, when the Islamic State became present in Bangladesh.
ABT is a militant group pledged to uphold al-Qaeda's ideology and is connected with al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). It began operating in Bangladesh in 2007 under the name Jamaat-ul-Muslimin but dissolved due to lack of funding. The group resurfaced during 2013 as the ABT, and was implicated in attacks and killings of secular bloggers between 2013 and 2015.48 The government of Bangladesh formally banned ABT in May 2015 under the country's current anti-terrorism law.49 Since it was banned, ABT's profile has decreased significantly. This can be attributed to the Bangladeshi state's heavy crackdown on Islamist militants. However, the group appears to have remained active and relocated assets outside of Bangladesh. In late 2017, Indian officials announced they had arrested an ABT-linked militant in Kolkata.50
Islamist activities in Bangladesh have been influenced by the Islamic State. In 2016, the country experienced a series of terrorist attacks reportedly carried out by homegrown terrorists inspired by ISIS. The most significant one was the attack on the Holey Artisan Bakery in Dhaka on July 1, 2016, which killed 22 people. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the incident, but the Bangladeshi government claimed that homegrown militants from JMB were instead responsible.51 Experts continue to debate whether the gunmen were linked to ISIS, al Qaeda, or JMB.52 Meanwhile, over 15 people—including religious minorities and a USAID employee—were killed in soft target attacks in 2016.53
Because multiple militant groups often claim responsibility for terror attacks and because the Bangladeshi government has often denied that foreign terror groups such as ISIS have a presence in the country, it is difficult to say conclusively who carried out these attacks. The best estimate is that ISIS has carried out several of them, including the Holey Bakery attack, with help from JMB. ABT has carried out some smaller-scale attacks, sometimes targeting people they perceive to be affronts to Islam (such as those who are secular, Shi'a, or gay).
For a period of time in 2015 and 2016, ISIS claimed responsibility for several attacks in Bangladesh. After the April 2019 Sri Lanka attacks, ISIS claimed responsibility for an attack that injured three police officers in Dhaka. Several other ISIS-claimed attacks have taken place in Bangladesh since.54 Ominously, about a week after the Sri Lanka attack, ISIS released a statement on social media in the Bangla language bearing the phrase "coming soon" and indicating a potential future attack in Bangladesh.55
Dhaka must also manage the return of nationals that had been fighting with ISIS in Iraq and Syria. According to a July 2018 King's College report, as many as 40 people in Bangladesh may have gone to fight with ISIS in those two countries.56
In 2016 and 2017, ABT and JMB remained the primary violent Islamist threats, prompting a major state crackdown. Security authorities seized large amounts of weaponry around Dhaka allegedly owned by these groups and roughly 30 suspected jihadists were killed in counterterror operations. In 2017, jihadists continued to demonstrate their ability to target high-profile, supposedly highly secured areas. In March 2017, both ISIS and al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS) separately claimed responsibility for a suicide attack outside the Dhaka international airport. Over the past couple of years, however, ABT, JMB, and ISIS were quiet in Bangladesh—perhaps as a consequence of the heavy-handed counterterrorism measures.
In the country's 65,000 villages, there are an estimated 133,197 mosques.57 Local donations, as well as donations from West Asian and African Muslim countries, provide for mosque construction and maintenance.58 A parallel structure of some 58,126 maqtabs (informal Islamic schools) imparts basic religious knowledge to young children.59 Mosque imams act as influential elders in the country's rural power structure.
Madrassas have long been considered the center of traditional Islamic studies and the guardians of orthodox Islam in Bangladesh.60 Qomi madrassas are private, receive no financial support from the government, and subsist on religious endowments and donations from the faithful. Alia madrassas, by contrast, are controlled by the government, which pays 80 percent of the salaries of teachers and staff, as well as considerable portions of these schools' development budgets. These schools constitute the main current of traditional Islam in Bangladeshi society.
Recent figures on the amount of madrassas and their associated students and teachers are difficult to come by. Based on 2004 figures, the number of madrassas was estimated at 13,406, with 230,732 teachers and 3,340,800 students.61 Somewhat more recent estimates, from 2008, claimed that the number of Alia madrassas stood at about 14,000, with about 4,600,000 students enrolled in these institutions. The number of Qomi madrassas was nearly 40,000, with about 5,200,000 students. By 2015, however, the number of Alia madrassas was estimated to be down to about 9,300, with about 2,400,000 students enrolled in them.62
The 45-year political history of Bangladesh is typified by a succession of ruling governments embracing and accommodating both Islam and Islamism. The current government claims to be avowedly secular but has recently begun to explicitly align itself with several Islamist causes, many of them championed by Hefazat. These moves included, in 2017, (briefly) relocating a statue of lady liberty from the Supreme Court building in Dhaka because Hefazat believed it was an affront to Islam, and also siding with Islamists' calls for changes to public school textbooks.63 More recently, in 2018, the government took steps to bring Qawmi madrassas – the unregulated and private madrassas in Bangladesh that are often overseen by Hefazat – into the education mainstream.64
At the time of the country's independence in December 1971, the government of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman introduced a secular democracy and, later, one-party authoritarianism. But enforced secularism provoked a backlash from the country's Muslim majority, leading to a greater inclusion of Islam in public life.65 Prime Minister Rahman (commonly known as "Mujib") established public foundations in Bangladesh for the research and analysis of Islamic culture and society. Under his direction, Bangladesh also joined the Organization of the Islamic Conference (today known as the Organization of Islamic Cooperation). Beyond that, however, the practice of Islam in political form was severely circumscribed.
A 1975 coup d'etat that unseated Mujib and installed a military regime shattered the balance. Bangladesh's new rulers wasted no time dropping secularism from the constitution and inserting a provision emphasizing "absolute trust and faith in Almighty Allah."66 The new government allowed Islamic political parties to return to politics and included a constitutional addendum compelling Bangladesh to maintain fraternal relations with Islamic countries.67 After the assassination of President Ziaur Rahman in May 1981, General Hossein Mohammad Ershad assumed power and established Islam as the state religion, ushering in relative stability.
In 1990, however, the Ershad regime was ousted by a massive political revolt and purge. Khaleda Zia, Rahman's widow, assumed power and became the first female prime minister in the new parliamentary democracy. Like her late husband, Zia pursued a pro-Islamic policy both domestically and abroad. In 1996, Sheikh Hasina, one of Mujib's surviving daughters, rose to power as part of the opposition Awami League only to be ousted by a coalition government with Khaleda Zia at its helm.
Hasina has demonstrated a willingness to make common cause with religious radicals for political gain, signing an agreement with Khilafat Majlis—a group considered by some to be pro-Taliban—as a strategy to win the country's January 2007 election.68 In 2008, Sheikh Hasina returned to power, further buoyed by her pledge "not to harm Islam."69
However, despite her earlier partnership with Khilafat Majlis, Hasina has reinforced secularism and generally sought to combat Islamist forces. In February 2009, her government passed two key pieces of legislation: the Money Laundering Prevention Act (MLPA) and the Anti-terrorism Act (ATA).70 The former empowered the Bangladesh Bank to freeze the accounts of suspected terrorist financiers and directed it to take preventive measures against monetary transactions possibly used for financing terror acts. With the ATA, it also instituted the death penalty for terror financing and politically motivated acts of violence.71 Furthermore, Hasina's government has aggressively prosecuted "war criminals"—Bangladeshis who sided with Pakistan during the war for independence—many of whom later became members of JI. This strategy weakened Islamic forces, especially the JI.72
In 2011, the government imprisoned JI's top leaders and their allies on the grounds of their alleged involvement in crimes against humanity during Bangladesh's war for independence in 1971. The International War Crimes Tribunal (ICT) was founded to try the accused. However, the validity of the ICT soon came into serious question when The Economist published an investigative report indicating that the chief of the tribunal, Judge Nizamul Haq, took written advice and suggestion through e-mail and Skype conversations from an unauthorized Brussels-based lawyer regarding the trial.73 At that point, the ICT had already sentenced five JI leaders to death. The ICT sentenced two other leaders to death, but the Appellate Division reduced one man's sentence to life in prison, while the other escaped. The death sentences also provoked violent protests that resulted in the deaths of 100 people.74
Another key blow in the fight against JI came in 2011 when the Bangladeshi Parliament passed the 15th amendment of the constitution, which re-introduced official state secularism but retained Islam as the state religion. In August 2013, the High Court of Bangladesh declared JI illegal on the grounds that its character violated the newly secular constitution.75 The appeals court did not give its verdict by the time of the election, and thus JI was unable to enter the January 2014 national election.76 The ruling coalition led by the Awami League captured all 300 seats; 158 candidates were declared uncontested winners in the aftermath of the elections boycott by the 18-party election alliance led by the BNP.77 What is now the BJI remains banned from contesting elections, including Bangladesh's 2018 national elections. Meanwhile, in a 2016 decision, Bangladesh's High Court upheld Islam as the official religion of Muslim-majority Bangladesh and legalized the co-existence of secularism and Islam.78
The Bangladesh government's increasing identification with political Islam was likely meant to court Islamist constituencies in advance of the December 2018 election—a bloc likely angered by the heavy-handed treatment of the BNP and what is now the BJI.79 However, secularist forces have pushed back against the inroads made these groups. In 2013, they launched the Shahbagh protests, which called for the death penalty for BJI leaders accused of war crimes and for a ban on BJI as a whole. These demands have largely been met (BJI is banned from elections, and the government hopes to eventually ban it completely) and the Awami League, supported by Shahbagh protestors, won the 2014 and 2018 national elections. These results can be attributed to economic growth and effective official crackdowns against terror – as well as struggles on the part of Islamist parties to mount a strong campaign.
However, the AL's lock on political power in Bangladesh since the 2018 elections is not ironclad. A recent poll conducted by the International Republican Institute reveal dissatisfaction with government performance. Conducted in August and September 2019, the survey shows popular opinion of governmental performance to be at something of a crossroads: while 83 percent of surveyed people support the Alwani League – a 19 percent improvement over 2018 – 70 percent of respondents believed it should be more inclusive, and include other parties in the official decision-making process. What's more, corruption and economic performance were cited as the two most significant problems facing the country, indicating ongoing grassroots concerns.80 These concerns, if not properly addressed, could serve as drivers for militant sentiment.
[1] Julien Bouissou, "Bangladesh's radical Muslims uniting behind Hefazat-e- Islam," Guardian (London), July 30, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/30/bangladesh-hefazat-e-islam-shah-ahmad-shafi. For details on Muslim family law, see Farah Deeba Chowdhury, Islam and Women's Income: Dowry and Law in Bangladesh, (London: Routledge, 2017), 35-48.
[2] Born in Rangunia in Chittagong district, Maolana Shafi earned higher education in Islamic studies in Deoband in India. He returned to teaching at the Hat-hazari madrassa, where he had once studied, and later became its Principal. See Toufique Imrose Khalidi, "Behind the rise of Bangladesh's Hifazat," Al Jazeera (Doha), May 9, 2013, http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/05/201356134629980318.html.
[3] Sabir Mustafa "Hefazat-e Islam: Islamist coalition," BBC Bengali Service, May 6, 2013, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-22424708; The Qaumi madrassa is one of the two madari systems in Bangladesh. These madrassas are run by the community or the people (Qaum), as opposed to the state. Like charitable organizations, these institutions are financed through donations of the community. The Qaumi madrassas in Bangladesh are founded in light of the Darul Ulum Deoband in Uttar Pradesh, India founded in 1867. Hathazari Qaumi Madrassa is the first one established in Bangladesh following the Deoband model. These madrassas are also known as Khwarijee madrassas, which means that they are outside government control. See "Modernization of Madrassa Education in Bangladesh: A Strategy Paper," Bangladesh Enterprise Institute, June 2011, http://ndc.gov.bd/lib_mgmt/webroot/earticle/2379/modernization_of_madrasa_education_in_Bangladesh.pdf.
[4] Sabir Mustafa, "Hefazat-e Islam: Islamist coalition" BBC, May 6, 2013, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-22424708.
[5] Julien Bouissou, "Bangladesh's radical Muslims."
[6] The 13 demands raised by the Hefazat-e-Islam can be found at "The 13 Demands," Frontline, May 17, 2013, http://www.frontline.in/world-affairs/the-13-demands/article4650805.ece.
[7] Julien Bouissou, "Bangladesh's radical Muslims."
[8] Ibid.
[9] For more details, see Michael Kugelman and Atif Ahmad, "Why Extremism Is on the Rise in Bangladesh," Foreign Affairs, July 27, 2017, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/asia/2017-07-27/why-extremism-rise-bangladesh.
[10] U.S. Department of State, 2018 Report on International Religious Freedom, 2019, https://www.state.gov/reports/2018-report-on-international-religious-freedom/bangladesh/.
[11] Sufia M. Uddin, Constructing Bangladesh; Religion, Ethnicity and Language in an Islamic Nation (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), 56.
[12] "Ahle Hadith: New moves in religion-based politics," PROBE News Magazine, September 23, 2010, http://web.archive.org/web/20120324204417/http://www.probenewsmagazine.com/index.php?index=2&contentId=596.
[13] K.M. Mohsin, "The Ahl-I Hadis movement in Bangladesh," in Rafiuddin Ahmed, ed. Religion, Nationalism and Politics in Bangladesh (New Delhi: South Asian publishers,1990), 179-182.
[14] The Kuwait based NGO Saudi Revival of Islamic Heritage (RIHS) is the main source of funding to the Ahle Hadith Bangladesh. See PROBE News Magazine 9, iss. 14, September, 2010, 24-30. On this issue, see also Mumtaz Ahmad, "Ahl-e-Hadith Movement in Bangladesh: History, Religion, Politics and Militancy," unpublished paper, May 2006, http://www.iiu.edu.pk/wp-content/uploads/downloads/ird/downloads/Ahl-e-Hadith-Movement-in-Bangladesh-Complete.pdf.
[15] Uddin, Constructing Bangladesh, 161-62.
[16] M. Rashiduzzaman, "Islam, Muslim Identity and Nationalism in Bangladesh," Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern studies 18, no. 1 (1994), 54.
[17] Ibid.
[18] Labu, Nuruzzaman. "Hizb Ut-Tahrir Steps up Activities Ahead of Election." Dhaka Tribune, November 27, 2018. https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/dhaka/2018/11/27/hizb-ut-tahrir-....
[19] "Hizb-ut-Tahrir Active Again, This Time Plays Rohingya Card in Chittagong," BDNews24, September 17, 2017, bdnews24.com, https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2017/09/17/hizb-ut-tahrir-active-again-this-time-plays-rohingya-card-in-chittagong.
[20] Banglapedia, "Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh," n.d., http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Jamaat-e-Islami_Bangladesh.
[21] Ibid.
[22] Ibidem.
[23] Rafiqul Islam Azad, "Maqbul Ahmed 'elected' Jamaat ameer," The Independent (Dhaka), 21 September 2016, http://www.theindependentbd.com/home/printnews/60962.
[24] "About Us," Bangladesh Jamat-e-Islami, n.d., http://www.jamaat-e-islami.org/en/aboutus.php (site removed)
[25] Ibid.
[26] For more information about this organization and its views, see Upendra Kumar, Religion and Politics: A Study of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami," Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences 7(5): 146-165, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316910760_Religion_and_Politics_A_Study_of_Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami.
[27] Ishtiaq Hossain and Noore Alam Siddiquee, "Islam in Bangladesh: the role of the Ghulam of Jamaat-I Islami," Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 5, iss. 3 (2004), 384.
[28] Banglapedia, "Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh"; Zaglul Haider, "The Ninth General Election in Bangladesh: The Fall of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party and the Rise of the Bangladesh Awami league," The Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 34, no. 3 (2011), 79.
[29] Ferdous Ahmad, "Islamic Banking Blooms in Bangladesh," IslamOnline, March 16, 2010, http://islamicbanking.info/islamic-banking-in-bangladesh/.
[30] Golam Mowla, "How govt is taking control of Islami Bank," Dhaka Tribune, April 26, 2016, http://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/apr/26/how-govt-taking-control-islami-bank#sthash.sR2DhIFn.dpuf.
[31] Supporters and workers of other parties do not make contribution to the party fund on a monthly basis. Rather, they collect money from party leaders and businessmen, while BJI workers and supporters contribute a fixed amount of money to the party fund on a regular basis. The party's supporters, workers and well-wishers working abroad regularly contribute to the party fund, whether monthly, annually or occasionally as part of their political and moral responsibilities. Drawn from Zaglul Haider interviews with JI leaders and activists, Bangladesh, August 2006.
[32] Talukder Maniruzzaman, "Bangladesh Politics: Secular and Islamic Trends," in Rafiuddin Ahmed, ed., Religion, Nationalism and Politics in Bangladesh (New Delhi: South Asian Publishers, 1990), 84.
[33] The Islamic parties registered with the Election commission are: JI, Bangladesh Tarikat Federation, Bangladesh Khilafat Andolon, Bangladesh Muslim League, Jamiate Ulamaye Islam Bangladesh, Islamic Front Bangladesh, and Islami Oikko Jote (IOJ). See Mubashar Hasan, "The Geopolitics of Political Islam in Bangladesh," Harvard Asia Quarterly 14, nos. 1-2 (2012), 65.
[34] Emajuddin Ahmad and D.R.J.A. Nazneen, "Islam in Bangladesh: Revivalism or Power politics?" Asian Survey 30, no. 8 (1990), 802.
[35] See South Asia Terrorism Portal, "Incidents and Statements Involving Chhatra Shibir (ICS): 2017," n.d., www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/bangladesh/terroristoutfits/ics2017.htm. SATP provides detailed information for years prior to 2017 as well.
[36] Summit Ganguly, "The Rise of Islamist Militancy in Bangladesh," United States Institute of Peace Special Report, August 2006, http://www.usip.org/files/resources/SRaug06_2.pdf.
[37] Bruce Vaughn, Islamist Extremism in Bangladesh, (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, January 31, 2007), http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS22591.pdf.
[38] "Harkatul Jihad banned at last," Daily Star, October 18, 2005, http://www.thedailystar.net/2005/10/18/d5101801033.htm.
[39] "Harkat-ul-Jihad-al Islami Bangladesh (HuJI-B)," South Asia Terrorism Portal, n.d., http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/bangladesh/terroristoutfits/Huj.htm.
[40] Ibid.
[41] Ibidem.
[42] "SC upholds death penalty for Mufti Hannan,2 others," Daily Star, December 8, 2016.
[43] "Harkat-ul-Jihad-al Islami Bangladesh (HuJI-B)," South Asia Terrorism Portal.
[44] "Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh," South Asia Terrorism Portal, n.d., http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/bangladesh/terroristoutfits/JMB.htm.
[45] Ibid.
[46] Ibidem.
[47] Abdul Kalam Azady, "Six Militant Linchpins Hanged," New Age (Dhaka), March 31, 2007, http://www.newagebd.com/2007/mar/31/front.html (site removed).
[48] "Ansarullah Bangla Team Banned"; Rohit Inani, "Bangladesh Bans a Hard-Line Islamist Group Suspected of Killing Atheist Bloggers," Time, May 16, 2015, http://time.com/3895853/bangladesh-atheist-blogger-ansarullah-bangla-team-banned/
[49] Inani, "Bangladesh Bans a Hard-Line Islamist Group Suspected of Killing Atheist Bloggers"; "Ansarullah Bangla Team Banned," Dhaka Tribune, May 26, 2015.
[50] Madhuparna Das, "Kolkata Police Made Seventh Arrest in ABT Case," Economic Times, November 28, 2017, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/kolkata-police-made-seventh-arrest-in-abt-case/articleshow/61839455.cms.
[51] "Bangladesh police blames JMB for Dhaka cafe attack," The Indian Express, July 9, 2016, http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/bangladesh-police-blames-jamaatul-mujahideen-bangladesh-jmb-for-dhaka-cafe-attack-2903911.
[52] Alexander Stark, "Dhaka attack part of a larger pattern of terrorism in Bangladesh," The Diplomat (Dhaka), July 22, 2016.
[53] "Islamic State Claims Killing of Bangladeshi Hindu Trader: SITE Monitor Group," Hindustan Times, May 26, 2016, www.hindustantimes.com/world/islamic-state-claims-killing-of-bangladeshi-hindu-trader-site-monitor-group-story-70YRfBE5SEmqxMrKV4WJDN.html.
[54] Robert Postings, "Islamic State Says Bengal Affiliate Planted Dhaka Bombs." The Defense Post, July 25, 2019, https://thedefensepost.com/2019/07/25/isis-bombs-dhaka-bangladesh/.
[55] Dipanjan R. Chaudhury, "Bangladesh on High Alert after ISIS Threat," The Economic Times, April 29, 2019, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/bangladesh-on-high-alert-after-isis-threat/articleshow/69102511.cms?from=mdr.
[56] Postings, "Islamic State Says Bengal Affiliate Planted Dhaka Bombs."
[57] M. Rashidduzzaman, "Islam, Muslim Identity and Nationalism in Bangladesh," Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies XVIII, no. 1, Fall 2014, 36-60, http://cyber_bangla0.tripod.com/Debate/Muslim_Identity.html.
[58] Ahamed and Nazneen, "Islam In Bangladesh: Revivalism or Power politics?" 798.
[59] Rolin G. Mainuddin, ed., Religion and Politics in the Developing World: Explosive Interactions, First edition (London, UK: Routledge,2017).
[60] Mumtaz Ahmad, "Madrasa Education in Pakistan and Bangladesh," in Satu P. Limaye, Mohan Malik and Robert G. Wirsing, eds., Religious Radicalism and Security in South Asia (Honolulu, Hawaii: Asia Pacific Centre for Security Studies, 2004), 101.
[61] Ibid., 105.
[62] Shohel Mamun and Ashif Shaon, "Why Are Madrasas Mushrooming?" Dhaka Tribune, January 16, 2018, https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/special/2018/01/16/why-are-madrasas-mushrooming/.
[63] Kugelman and Ahmad, "Why Extremism Is on the Rise in Bangladesh."
[64] "Master's Status for Top Qawmi Degree: Towards legal recognition," The Daily Star, August 14, 2018, https://www.thedailystar.net/news/country/bangladesh-cabinet-approves-bill-recognising-qawmi-madrasahs-dawrae-hadith-1620178.
[65] Rashed Uz Zaman, "Bangladesh-Between Terrorism, Identity and Illiberal Democracy: The Unfolding of a Tragic Saga," Perception. 17, no. 3 (2012), 159.
[66] Rounaq Jahan, Bangladesh Politics: Problems and Issues (Dhaka: The University Press Limited,1980), 210.
[67] Zaglul Haider, The Changing Pattern of Bangladesh Foreign Policy: A Comparative Study Of the Mujib and Zia Regimes (Dhaka: The University Press Limited, 2006), 204.
[68] Bruce Vaughn, Bangladesh: Background and U.S. Relations (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, August 2, 2007), 4, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33646.pdf.
[69] "Hasina promises no laws against Quran, Sunnah", BDNews24, December 15, 2008, http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/election-2008/2008/12/15/hasina-promises-no-laws-against-quran-sunnah.
[70] "10 Bills Sail Through Opposition Protest," New Age (Dhaka), February 25, 2009, http://www.newagebd.com/2009/feb/25/front.html#1.
[71] "Bangladesh Enacts Tough Anti-Terrorism Law," Hindustan Times, June 13, 2008, http://www.hindustantimes.com/Bangladesh-enacts-tough-anti-terrorism-law/Article1-317131.aspx.
[72] United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, USCIRF Annual Report 2010 - Additional Countries Closely Monitored: Bangladesh, April 29, 2010, http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4be28407d.html.
[73] "The trial of the birth of a nation," The Economist, (London), December 15, 2012, http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21568349-week-chairman-bangladeshs-international-crimes-tribunal-resigned-we-explain.
[74] The conviction of Sayeedi, a Jamaat-e-Islami party leader, sparked protests that left more than 100 dead. "Bangladesh Islamist Delwar Sayeedi death sentence commuted," BBC, September 17, 2014, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29233639.
[75] "Bangladesh Court declares Jamaat illegal," Al-Jazeera (Doha), August 1, 2013, www.aljazeera.com/news/asia2013/08.
[76] Ibid.
[77] Freedom House reports on the 2014 Bangladesh elections: "In national elections held on January 5, 2014, the BNP and 17 allied parties boycotted the vote to protest what they said were unfair elections, leaving the majority of elected seats (153) uncontested and ensuring an AL victory. The AL won 234 parliamentary seats, and independents and minority parties captured the remainder." Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2015, 2016, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2015/bangladesh.
[78] Davi Berggmen, "Bangladesh court upholds Islam as religion of the state," Al-Jazeera (Doha), March 28, 2016, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/03/bangladesh-court-upholds-islam-religion-state-160328112919301.html.
[79] Kugelman and Ahmad, "Why Extremism Is on the Rise in Bangladesh."
[80] National Survey of Bangladeshi Public Opinion, International Republican Institute, January 8, 2020, https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/bangladesh_2019_poll_final_public_release_1_0.pdf


text:
Dawg Snacks
breed by Inland Valley Genetics
Here you can find all info about Dawg Snacks from Inland Valley Genetics. If you are searching for information about Dawg Snacks from Inland Valley Genetics, check out our Basic Infos, Gallery or Lineage / Genealogy for this cannabis variety here at this page and follow the links to get even more information. If you have any personal experiences with growing or consuming this cannabis variety, please use the upload links to add them to the database!
Basic / Breeders Info
Dawg Snacks is a mostly indica variety from Inland Valley and can be cultivated indoors (where the plants will need a flowering time of ±63 days) and in the greenhouse. Inland Valleys Dawg Snacks is a THC dominant variety and is/was never available as feminized seeds.
Dawg Snacks from Inland Valley Genetics was created by crossing our Scooby Snacks mother with grape candy scented male of Grape Stomper x Stardawg.
Dawg Snacks Gallery
Here you see the latest Dawg Snacks photos, uploaded from our users! Altogether we've collected 2 pictures from Inland Valleys Dawg Snacks, check out our Dawg Snacks gallery to view them all.
Dawg Snacks Lineage / Genealogy
- Dawg Snacks »»» Scooby Snacks x {Grape Stomper x Stardawg}
- Grape Stomper x Stardawg
- Grape Stomper
- »»» Purple Elephant x Chemdog Sour Diesel
- Purple Elephant
- Chemdog Sour Diesel
- »»» Headband x Sour Diesel
- Headband
- »»» {OG Kush x Sour Diesel} x Sour Diesel Probably
- OG Kush x Sour Diesel
- OG Kush (specified above)
- Sour Diesel (specified above)
- Sour Diesel (specified above)
- Sour Diesel
- »»» Original Diesel x DNL
- Original Diesel
- »»» Chemdawg x {MassSuperSkunk x SensiNL}
- MassSuperSkunk x SensiNL
- MassSuperSkunk
- Super Skunk Probably
- »»» Skunk #1 x Afghanistan
- Skunk #1
- Afghanistan »»» Indica
- Super Skunk Probably
- SensiNL
- »»» NL #1 x NL #2 x NL #5
- Afghanistan »»» Indica
- Northern Lights
- Afghanistan Indica Probably »»» Indica
- Northern Lights
- MassSuperSkunk
- Chemdawg (specified above)
- »»» {RFK Skunk x Hawaiian} x Northern Lights
- RFK Skunk x Hawaiian
- RFK Skunk
- Unknown Skunk
- Skunk #1 (specified above)
- Unknown Skunk
- RFK Skunk
- Northern Lights (specified above)
- Stardawg
- »»» Chem Dawg #4 x Tres Dawg
- Chem Dawg #4 (specified above)
- Tres Dawg
- »»» Chem Dawg d x Double Dawg
- Chem Dawg d (specified above)
- Double Dawg
- »»» Chem Dawg d x {Chem Dawg d x Afghani #1}
- Chem Dawg d x Afghani #1
- Chem Dawg d (specified above)
- Afghani #1
- »»» Afghanistan x Afghanistan
- Afghanistan »»» Indica
- Afghanistan »»» Indica
- Chem Dawg d (specified above)
- Grape Stomper
- Scooby Snacks
- »»» Girl Scout Cookies Platinum cut x Face/Off OG BX1
- Girl Scout Cookies Platinum cut
- »»» F1 Durban x OG Kush South Florida
- F1 Durban
- Cherry Pie Kush
- »»» Durban Poison x Chemdawg Mendocino
- Durban Poison IBL
- Chemdawg Mendocino (specified above)
- Cherry Pie Kush
- OG Kush South Florida
- »»» Chemdawg x {Lemon Thai x Hindu Kush, Pakistan} Probably
- Lemon Thai x Hindu Kush, Pakistan
- Lemon Thai »»» Sativa
- Chemdawg
- Unknown Indica »»» Indica
- Face/Off OG BX1
- »»» {Unknown Strain #32 x Face-Off OG Kush} x Face-Off OG Kush
- Unknown Strain #32 x Face-Off OG Kush
- Unknown Strain #32 »»» Unknown Strain
- Face-Off OG Kush
- OG Kush Selfed (specified above)
- Face-Off OG Kush (specified above)
Map of the Dawg Snacks Family Tree
Click to show all parents of Dawg Snacks in our dynamic family tree map.
Upload your info about this strain here:
Do you know something more about Inland Valleys Dawg Snacks? Please help to make this database better and upload/connect your information here!
Pictures speak louder than words! Upload your "Dawg Snacks" Photos here and help other growers to get a better impression of this variety.
You have grown Dawg Snacks together with another variety? Please fill out our Strain VS. Strain direct comparisation form!
User Reviews
Our strain reviews are multilingual, searchable and can be very detailed - including data about the grow, aroma, effects and taste! Please upload your Dawg Snacks Review here to help the other seedfinder users!
Medical Values
You have experience with the medical qualities of Dawg Snacks? Sharing your information here maybe can help other people!
You've stumbled upon a Dawg Snacks related thread into a forum or growers community? Connect it here and enable othe users to find this information fast and easy!
You found a related video with additional information or grow-infos about Dawg Snacks on YouTube? Please connect it here to the strain info page!


text:
Article Navigation
TAGS: euroboyxxx, twink, euro, youngmen, uncut, hardcoregay, gayporn, gaysex, cumshot, anal, blowjob, masturbation, outdoor, public, outside
My wild gf cheating on me with her best friend sssoffuck9g. OK Cancel. Live Cam Models - Online Atpresent. Fucking my brother's best friend on Christmas ismasheddabro. Related Categories. Daddy fucks his daughter's best friend 12 min Jerky69 - 2.
Results for : friend blowjob
The page you are trying to access: is non an official Pornhub tube togetherwith may be unsafe. Don't hold your phone? Wild immature brunette marriedwoman cum inwards oralfissure bj. All Professionalperson Private. BJ inadditionto cum inwards rimaoris. My wild gf cheating on me with her best friend sssoffuck9g. With a hard It let suck wife penetration, andso carefor her to both of their loads at the Giving friend a blowjob of business. Lovely Nancy reagan and oral sex Kate helps out her neighbour with his laundry by letting him employ her washer. She lets him know that he s her favorite neighbour aswellas that she. Has notice how much he s grown. She tricks him into taking off his clothes to acquire his cock.
Comments (4)
she nice...love to fuck her
Dude, if I saw you doing this I would havegot ensured your nuts got drained really good. You would havegot been so good taken aid of. Wonderful video, love the cock too belly. I'd love to service you.
If anyone who has no penis is wondering, at the height of my gender drive (for me that was 15 I had about half a dozen erections a 24-hourinterval. Usually only 1 to ii of these was due to getting turned on.
Mooiste vrouw ever!
just awesome
we could hold some wonderful gender.


text:
UWTSD celebrates success in the Postgraduate Taught Experience Survey (PTES)
The University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD) has welcomed the results of the Postgraduate Taught Experience Survey (PTES) which were released this week.
The University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD) has welcomed the results of the Postgraduate Taught Experience Survey (PTES) which were released this week.
The PTES is the only UK higher education sector-wide survey to gain insight from taught postgraduate students about their learning and teaching experience. Overall student satisfaction has increased by 5.2% to 85% this year, which places the University in the top quartile of the 105 institutions participating. Subject results have been particularly excellent. Business & Administration and Social Sciences are placed first in the UK overall, with Creative Arts & Design achieving a 5th place ranking.
In addition, twenty UK top ten positions were obtained across the three key areas of 'retention', 'assessment' and 'employability'. For example, the University is placed 6th overall in the UK for 'assessment' and 9th overall for 'employability'. For its Taught Masters students, UWTSD is placed 1st in the UK for 'assessment'; 'History & Philosophy' is placed 5th in the UK for 'assessment' and 'Education' ranked 6th for employability. Business & Administration, Social Sciences and Creative Arts & Design obtained top ten positions in all three key areas.
Dr Mirjam Plantinga, the University's Associate Pro Vice Chancellor for Student Experience, said:
'We are delighted with these results for our postgraduate taught provision and particularly celebrate the excellent set of results at subject level. Earlier this year, the University was placed 6th in the UK in the 2018 WhatUni results for the new postgraduate category. Both results confirm the University's strong commitment to the quality of teaching for our postgraduate taught students.
Staff at UWTSD work hard to make university life for our students enjoyable and fulfilling, so to be recognized in this way based on student feedback is excellent news. The quality of the student experience is central to our mission and we work in very close partnership with our students.'
The University has a range of bursaries available to support students to take up postgraduate studies. These include UWTSD Master's Progression Bursaries, Welsh Government Master's bursaries, as well as a range of bursaries offered at subject level. More information can be found at https://www.uwtsd.ac.uk/bursaries/postgraduate/.
Further Information
For more information please contact Arwel Lloyd, Principal PR and Communications Officer, on 01267 676663 / firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
If you are looking for a unique chandelier, you guessed it right; it's blown glass chandelier! Blown glass chandelier lamps are excellent for those who are looking to add uniqueness to their rooms! They have that custom look everybody is looking for! Every lamp is different than the other one because of the produce principles! They made in a way like stained glass lamps. Those lamps have unique designs and patterns too! Let's take a look at the best products on the market and figure out which one is best for you!
Top Seller Products in the Market
Paradigm Design Large Red Burst Chandelier
- The glasses are a hundred percent hand-blown.
- The price extremely high compared to other products.
- It has a high cost because it's hand-made.
- Assembling instructions are straightforward.
- It works with G9 bulbs.
You can get this one if you want to spend too much money on a lamp, but I don't suggest it since it costs too much.
7PM Modern LED Due Bubble Glass Chandelier
- The lamp has two different height options.
- The glasses hand-blown, and they look really clear in real life!
- Full assembling can be hard for some people.
- It works with 4 GU10 LED light bulbs up to 50W.
- It can work with dimmer switches.
- Suitable for living room or bathroom usage.
This lamp can be used in bedrooms if it has a modern design. The price of it is excellent. You have to be careful while installing because the crystals are extra fragile, which might be a problem.
Saint Mossi Modern Glass Raindrop Chandelier
- The assembling process can be complicated for some people.
- It requires 4 LED GU10 light bulbs to operate; you have to buy them separately!
- Measurements are Height 31 inches x Diameter 20 inches.
- It looks better in real life compared to the picture.
- Customers are satisfied with the product.
- The raindrops are first-class crystals that look elegant in modern room designs.
- The lamp is only suitable for 110V.
This bubble blown chandelier will look perfect in the master bedroom, in my opinion. It has elegance and looks suitable for modern designed bathrooms. The stainless steel will suit the looks of a bedroom. Some people use it for the living room too. It has a minimalistic look,which makes it eligible for living room usage. I can suggest this one since the price is reasonable and it looks beautiful!
ELK Lighting Huarco 6-Light Chandelier
- The mouth-blown amber glass looks fantastic. It represents the Amazon rain forests, which are burning right now as I'm writing this article.
- The canopy in the middle of the product looks fantastic.
- Each blossom is covered with chestnut hues, and it looks perfect.
- Extra elegant look for vintage or retro-designed rooms. It can be suitable for nautical or tropical designs.
- The price of the product is suitable for quality.
- 28w x 28l x 24h.
- Suitable for traditional styles.
This lamp is dimmable, which makes it a great candidate for the bedroom. You can use it as ambient lighting for your bedroom. I think this one will look perfect in a living room because of the design. It goes well with walls which are painted around the green and yellow colors. I suggest this combination. If you are looking for a beautiful product which worths the price you should get it!
How to Pick Best Hand Blown Glass Chandelier?
Before you make an instant purchase of blown glass chandelier online, you have to know about various steps. You have to be careful and make sure the lamp suits the room you are going to buy! This lamp is going to get all kinds of compliments from your guests, I guarantee!
Style and Design
The style and design of the room are essential. Some people use blown glass chandeliers in modern designs, and it looks incredibly absurd, in my opinion. You have to pick the right style of blown glass chandelier, and it has to be suitable for your room. These chandeliers are great for dining rooms and living rooms, in my opinion. Because they have a vibrant and bright look, which will improve the looks of your room, you should identify the place you are going to use the lamp and make sure it's suitable for that place!
You can also use chandeliers in your bedroom too. They are great ambient lightings if you can dim them. It changes the atmosphere to romantic in a few seconds. Hanging fixtures are perfect when it comes to bedrooms. If you find a suitably blown glass chandelier for your bedroom, you can use it. Some people are using these lamps for bathrooms, but I think they are too fancy, but you can still use them if you are going for an elegant look. Use a blown glass chandelier, which is suitable for your room's theme.
Size and Dimensions
The lamp's size should be suitable for your room. There are a variety of calculations that can be used for finding the diameter of your chandelier! If you are buying the blown glass chandelier for the dining room. The size of its diameter should be less than 12 inches than the width of the dining table. This is a standard thing when it comes to chandeliers! You can always buy big ones since they will look better compared to a small one. However, if you use too big chandeliers in a small room, it will seem absurd.
The price of this product changes a lot because of manufacturing quality. Most of them are hand-made, which increases the cost a lot. There are various products in the 100-200$range, which can be a bargain for these products. However, if you are looking to get a high-quality blown glass chandelier, you should spend more than 200USD.
The variety of products are limited in 2019 because of manufacturer deficiency. I hope this will improve in 2020. Other than that, there are four cool lamps in the list. The bottom one is the best, in my opinion, and it looks perfect. Please make sure you leave a comment if you find a lamp online so I can review it!


text:
$ 15.99
Brand: ASuperShop
"Over Balcony" by Fernando Botero
High quality art poster.
ASuperShop sells over 300,000 different art posters.
Browse our store and shop for all your Art posters with ASuperShop.
This Over BalconyPoster is made with High Quality Poster paper and is made for years of enjoyment.
Note: This item is not available for express shipping.This is an Incredible Poster and can also make an incredible present for anyone. Brand New Quality Product
Collections: Fernando Botero | Colombian Figurative Artist and Sculptor, Latin American Art
Type: Unknown Type


text:
Beach Hotels in Moscow
Find a place to stay
Top neighbourhoods in Moscow
Top landmarks in Moscow
Find out more about Moscow
What is Moscow Like for Beach Hotels?
If you're looking forward to a beach getaway, jetting off to Moscow might be just the ticket. Whether you want to collect beach glass or watch the sunset, this dynamic city is perfect for vacationers and other travelers alike. Moscow is well-liked for its museums and cafés, making it more than just a beach destination. You can explore the sights and attractions with a visit to Moscow Kremlin or a stop at St. Basil's Cathedral. When you search for the best hotels in Moscow on our website, it's easy to locate something within your price range. No matter what kind of hotel you're looking for, Moscow has a number of accommodations so you can pick one to suit your style.
What Are Some of the Best Beach Hotels in Moscow?
Here is our guests' favorite beach hotel:
- • Free parking • Free WiFi • Nightclub • Café • Garden
Mini-Hotel Strogino ExpoColonial hotel on beach in North-Western Administrative Okrug
What Are the Best Things to See and Do in Moscow?
Here are some things for you to see and do during your visit:
- Sights & Landmarks
- • Moscow Kremlin
- • St. Basil's Cathedral
- • Red Square
- • Sparrow Hills
- • Victory Park
- • Kolomenskoye Historical and Architectural Museum and Reserve
- • Arbat Street
- • Prince Plaza
- • Lotte Plaza
- Food & Drink
- • Kharchevnya Khaus, Kafe
- • Stolovaya
- • Парк-отель Белые аллеи


text: Cosy Crow Singers to bring sunshine to the Sunniside Unit06 June 2019Our Cosy Crow Singers will be hitting the road in celebration of Carers Week (10-16 June). Tuesday, 11 June, the group will be performing at the Sunniside Unit at Queen Elizabeth Hospital. The Sunniside Unit provides inpatient... (Read More)


text:
Happy Ends
Contact Us
Gender: Female
Breed: Australian Shepherd Mix
Age: Puppy
Breed Size: Medium
Nora is a gorgeous 6 month old Aussie Mix. She is about 45 pounds and very pretty! She is very sweet and affectionate. Nora loves to play with her toys and other dogs. She is very active and looking for family that will enjoy agility, biking, running. She is hoping to find a fun family that will include her in a lot of their activities.
We suggest you apply for all the dogs that caught your attention. Not every dog you are interested in might be the right match for your family or lifestyle. Please understand that we are trying to place our rescue dogs in the most promising environment to give them the forever home they deserve.
If you're interested in adopting in one of our rescues please fill out our
Adoption Form
contact us
if you have more questions about the adoption process.
More about us
on social media


text:
A landmark transformation for Yarmouth church
PUBLISHED: 17:00 24 June 2011
Archant © 2011
ENCASED in a cocoon of white and surrounded by head-height fencing, it is a Great Yarmouth landmark that currently couldn't look much more inaccessible if it tried.
Building a future...
Modelled on the church of St Clement Danes in London and painted in reds and golds, St George's Chapel fell into disuse in 1971 before being turned into a theatre, which closed around five years ago when it was declared unsafe.
The £4m project to turn St George's Chapel into a centre, which is led by Great Yarmouth Borough Council, seeks to bring it back to life again.
Working alongside English Heritage and Hopkins Architects, and with grant funding from CABE Seachange programme, the Heritage Lottery Fund, the East of England Development Agency, Norfolk County Council and English Heritage, the project began in November with doors set to open to the public in March next year.
The multi-purpose arts venue will hold about 300 people, with the structure being worked on by RG Carter and particular efforts being made to preserve the original architecture.
Surrounding the project is a mural painted by graffiti artist Silent Hobo depicting the town's rich history.
But peel back the plastic overcoat and it is evident St George's Chapel is transforming, and that the project to turn it into an arts and performance space in time for spring 2012 is well under way.
That is no small thanks to the workers, who, equipped with steel toecap boots, hard hats and the tools of their various trades, can be found all over a site that echoes with the sounds of restoration.
Outside the grade one chapel they tend to what is currently a dusty worksite, in the centre of which slowly rises a grey, round-ended building, but will soon be pavilion with cafe and front of house and tree shaded outdoor performance area.
Step inside the main body of the church and the scale of things increases. Skeletal scaffolding rises up several stories, surrounding a central space lit with strip lights and packed with long planks of wood ready to be put to use.
Lining the church is a balcony area. Last seen in the 1970s which will be capable of seating 70 theatre goers, and the subject of one of the church's many historically-aware touches- flecked pine is used on the structure to look like oak.
It is an example of the care taken to take account both of the St George's Chapel's past – it was built in 1715 and designed by Christopher Wren – and its future.
This is also evident once you have climbed the winding temporary metal staircase up into the roof space of the baroque building. Dark oak beams curve their way across the tight space, pegged together in the traditional fashion and threatening a bang on the head for anyone not paying full attention.
Higher again, this time via steep, narrow ladders and gap-filled temporary decking to make those with vertigo shudder, and it's onto the church's highest-reaches – and stunning views of Yarmouth sprawling into the distance.
Up here, and as well as a sharp bite of the wind one of the chapel's many secrets can be found.
While some dates remain hazy in the history of St George's Chapel, thanks to a bit of graffiti historians can confidently point to when the dome was last restored.
Carved into the wooden structure, to be topped with a weather vane, is the carving "F.Mann October 24, 1933".
What F. Mann would have thought of today's goings on is anybody's guess, but it is safe to say that, like him, those involved with the project will leave an imprint on the chapel likely to last well into the future.
If you value what this story gives you, please consider supporting the Great Yarmouth Mercury. Click the link in the orange box above for details.


text:
SEN Teaching Assistant - Autism TA
This job does not exist anymore.
Try running a new search or browse our vacancies.
Or fill in the form below to receive job alerts.
|Job Type
|Contract (Long Term)
|Hackney, London
|East London, UK
|Special Education - SEN Support Staff
|£65 - £70 per day
|Start Date
|September 2020
|Job Ref
|Job Views
- Description
*** SEN (ASD) Teaching Assistant ***
*** SEN School ***
*** "Outstanding" Ofsted ***
*** East London ***
We are currently working with a Special Educational Needs school in East London. They are currently looking to recruit several teaching assistants to start after October half term 2020 for a full time and long term position, who has experience working within SEN, specifically autism. The role will run from October 2020 to July 2021, to be extended from there.
The school caters for primary and secondary aged students who have Autism and Asperger's syndrome. The school is very well managed and is rated as "Outstanding" by Ofsted, but it does have its challenges due to the range of the needs of the students, including some challenging behaviour, making this a physically and mentally challenging role.
The school is within walking distance of 2 London Overground Stations, a mainline train Station and is on numerous popular bus routes.
You will be expected to work within a small class usually numbering between 4 to 5 students. Each class has a teacher and 2 to 3 teaching assistants, enabling all pupils to receive the appropriate amount of care and support. This school also tries to take committed staff on permanent contracts within 6-9 months and there can be teacher training opportunities further along the line if you do well there.
Key skills and experience needed:
- SEN experience is essential, preferably with young people with autism / ASD or Asperger's syndrome
- ENHANCED DBS CERTIFICATE registered on the Online Update Service
- Previous support work within a school or other child related experience
- Strong behaviour management
- One to one and small group work
- Professional manner
- Enthusiastic, positive and friendly approach
If you are interested in this position, please send your CV to Laura Barwick at Veritas Education, or even better send your CV through to firstname.lastname@example.com directly with a brief introduction of yourself and your experience!
Veritas Education are currently working on several vacancies, so even if this one doesn't fit your exact requirements, we may have something more suitable for you. Please send through your CV or give us a call so we can discuss other opportunities.
- All applications are subject to an Enhanced DBS Disclosure, professional reference checks, Overseas Police Clearances (if applicable) in line with our stringent safeguarding policy
- Your CV must cover the last 10 years of employment history where possible and all employment breaks must be explained
- You must have legal right to work in the UK
- You must be willing to attend a registration interview
Veritas Education work with a variety of schools covering a wide geographical area. We deal with teaching placements at Primary, Secondary and college level as well as support staff positions also within these.
'Nothing within the above advert was in any way designed or intended to discriminate on the grounds of age, gender, race, colour, religion, disability or sexual orientation. Veritas Education is an Equal opportunities employer and is proud in the knowledge that all placements are made on merit and suitability. We accept applications from all sections of the community.'


text:
Homogeneous vinyl hosptial floor
1) It is composed of pvc resin, plasticizer, stabilizer, coupling agent and conductive material, and has permanent anti static function.
2) Plastic anti static rolling material, with permanent anti static function, widely used in electronic, clean rooms, computers, hospitals, telecommunications, navigation space aviation and other precision instruments and equipment special places.
3) Passed the ISO9001 quality management system certification, the European advanced production process is adopted to ensure that the raw material processing and production of the products reach the European standard.
4) The products have excellent stability, wear grade T grade, meet the requirements of public large flow places, durable, resistant to compression performance.
5) The anti static performance test has been carried out before the product is out of the factory, which is in line with the quality standard.
6) Eaty to clean the dirt on the surface. Don't cut the floor with sharp hard things when using it, and keep the surface smooth. When cleaning the floor, use neutral clearing gent to scrub, then rinse with clear water to dry, and then anti-static wax. Serious dirty or black spots can be cleaned by the ground cleaning machine.


text:
Keith Ross
- Auteur
James Kurose
€ 68,50
Kurose, James
€ 44,81
Baker, Jim
€ 31,75
Lakin, Liz
€ 31,75
James Kurose
€ 56,95
Keith Ross
€ 31,12
David Harris
€ 35,89
Boeken van Keith Ross
James Kurose Keith Ross
Computernetwerken - Een top-downbenadering
De auteurs beginnen met de protocollen van de applicatielaag en pas daarna komen de protocollen van de lagergelegen lagen in de protocolstack aan bod. Meer
Kurose, James
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, Global Edition
For courses in Networking/Communications.Motivate your students with a top-down, layered approach to computer networkingUnique among computer networking texts, the Seventh Edition of the popular Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach builds on the author's long tradition of teaching this complex subject through a layered approach in a "e;top-down manner. Meer
Baker, Jim
Teaching Secondary Science
The fourth edition of Teaching Secondary Science has been fully updated and includes a wide range of new material. This invaluable resource offers a new collection of sample lesson plans and includes two new chapters covering effective e-learning and advice on supporting learners with English as a second language. Meer
Lakin, Liz
Science Knowledge and the Environment
First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. Meer
James Kurose Keith Ross
Computer Networking Complete Package: A top-down approach featuring the internet 3rd edition
Book and Study Companion
Networking today is much more (and far more interesting) than standards specifying message formats and protocol behaviors. Meer
Networking today is much more (and far more interesting) than standards specifying message formats and protocol behaviors. Meer


text:
Twist 'n' Dance Party
A package for those who would like twisted balloon creations PLUS a disco. Have all of the favourite tunes during your party to throw some shapes to!
Suitable age range
Recommended 3-7 years
90 mins for up to a maximum of 20 children or 2 hours for up to a maximum of 30 children.
Set up and take down
30 minutes required to set up, 30 minutes required to take down.
Homes or halls. Depending on your guest numbers and room size. Please take into consideration the dance floor and adults who may stay too when thinking of space.
Maximum number of participants
30. Zoe guarantees that all guests will receive a balloon model. If there are no more than the maximum number.
What is included with my party booking?
Simple balloon models for up to 30 guests, please take any siblings that will be present into consideration if you would like them to receive a balloon and prizes. Zoe can only stay at the venue for the time allocated, this usually cannot be extended as other bookings will be following. *NEW* Swap balloons for giant bubbles! Have a child with a latex allergy? Or that may be afraid of balloons? Or just want bubbles?? Now you can swap the balloon twisting for the 'Step inside a bubble' option, each child ca have a moment inside a giant bubble for a great photo!
Prizes for all children (usually sweets or stickers)
A Birthday present for the Birthday child
Disco playing popular and familiar tunes
Disco lights
Bubble machine
A WOW fancy sculpture for the Birthday child made up in advance.
Also included:
Travel costs*, Public Liability Insurance, DBS certificate, music licence (when required), set up and any equipment needed. All electrical equipment is up to date PAT tested, NO hidden costs!
How does the schedule work?
* Please note, the schedule below is an example only, the structure and timings of the party varies depending on guest numbers, age and audience.
The first 15 minutes will be disco and warm up, time to allow everyone to arrive before the games begin! The bubble machine will be making an appearance. Hula hoops and other fun items will be available for the children to use during this time.
After an introduction and hello, we start with an action song to get us in the mood for the games we now begin. Children are encouraged to dance, move and be silly but Zoe understands that some children take a little longer to warm up and take part.
The games used will depend on the age group and confidence of the children. Younger children will enjoy less challenging games such as pass the package, musical games, wheel of activities, picture and silly game, where older children will be able to do more team games. Either way, all are catered for. Prizes are supplied and vary, usually a mixture of sweets and stickers. Some games require audience (parents) participation that the children get very excited about.
After 1 hour it's a well earned break for food! 30 minutes for the children to refresh and this is when Zoe will begin making her way around the food table making balloons for the children to take home. **Food supplied by the party host**. Children are free to get up, dance and play with the available activities once they have finished eating while Zoe continues to make balloons to ensure everyone has one to take home. Depending on time left, we may get time for another game before home time! Or with the 90 minute option, it may be home time or you may choose to carry on with your own activities.
Do you allow joint Birthdays?
Yes! Every party includes one Birthday gift and one special balloon sculpture. For joint Birthday parties, please add £10 for each additional Birthday child who will be receiving a present and sculpture.
90 minutes (up to 20 children) - £120
2 hours (up to 30 children) - £140
A Non Refundable Booking Fee (20%) is required to secure your place.
Upgrade your balloon models to balloon 'party treat cups' for the ULTIMATE party bag. Starting
from just £1 per cup depending on what design you would like. Fantastic to go with any theme
and can be provided filled with sweets, chocolates and toys or left empty for you to fill with
what you want. For further details and examples of balloon treat cups please click HERE.
Travel costs
- *Up to 15 miles from NR27 no charge.
- 16-20 miles from NR27 = £5
- 21-25 miles from NR27 = £10
- 26-30 miles from NR27 = £15
- 31-35 miles from NR27 = £20
For further distances please use the contact page.
Add ons
a. Add a Handheld Confetti Cannon. Add a shower of confetti for an exciting finale to your party! Your guests will enjoy this rainbow surprise. ONLY £4.
b. Add some decor to your venue. Sculptures, table centrepieces, arches and columns or Selfie Frames. Prices vary.
c. Add a 45 minute balloon twisting tutorial to your party and learn how to twist and shape something to take home for an additional £20. Recommended minimum age: 6 years.
d. *NEW* Add Glitter Tattoos to your party package. Details HERE.


text:
Complex Financial Structures
Many people's financial affairs are complex, and they need expert advice about how to deal with these complexities as part of their family law property settlement. Some of the complex asset structures that we regularly deal with include family and unit trusts, companies, partnerships, joint ventures, businesses, property developments, self managed superannuation funds, share options and overseas trusts and assets.
We provide expert and strategic advice about how to best deal with complex asset structures in a family law property settlement. We work closely with accountants, financial advisors and tax lawyers to ensure that property settlements do not trigger unnecessary tax consequences.
We assist our clients who have not been actively involved in the family's financial affairs to understand those arrangements.


text:
1 - 10 of 19 reviews
Like many other Australians we stepped foot in Bali again for that cheap sun filled holiday. What we got at Belong Dua was so much more. Seseh is a small village with few cars and amazing culture. We were privileged to be here for Nyepi...More
1. The soul....a feeling to be in the real bali, where the "over"life is behind you
2. Superb villa in a large garden. 2 units for bedrooms, 1 unit for the kitchen and dining room and 1 for the bale. Never lost: you feel to...More
Thank you so much for your high praises of Villa Belong Dua. We look forward to your next visit!
What a place!!. In short - amazing! Ayra and his team will bend over backwards to make sure you have everything you need. The Villa is amazing, the outdoor shower is brilliant and the swimming pool is lovely. The villa is in a very quiet...More
On behalf of Villa Manager Arya and team, we are glad that you had an amazing and relaxing stay at Villa Belong Dua! We will continue to do our best and we hope to see you again soon!
We only stayed four nights at Villa Belong Dua and wished we could extend our stay for much longer. My wife and I have travelled to Bali quite a few times and this villa and its staff are clearly the best we have ever encountered....More
I did spend 1 week with my family there ...
impossible to be disappointed as the villa and the service there is a perfection.
the villa is very nice with a perfect design with good proportions. a very nice idea to have a long swimming...More
I admit to a degree of trepidation in leaving the known Seminyak for the unknown Seseh, especially as the cab ride ticked up to almost 30 minutes.
What if it wasn't what I was hoping for?
No need to worry. The second you walk in...More
Villa Belong Dua was amazing. The property grounds are stunning as is the pool area. The day bed is an absolute highlight. We spent hours relaxing on that and it comfortably fit 4 adults and an active 9 month baby. We loved the property so...More
Great for families with kids as villa has two bedrooms, garden space and private pool (with shallow end). One of the bedrooms was right next to the neighbouring property and we were woken all night the first night by barking dogs and crowing roosters (yes...More