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Dental Sedation Questions and Answers
Many people have some level of dental anxiety, phobia or fear and would like to have sedation whilst having treatments. This is absolutely understandable and clearly, having dental sedation comes with a whole range of questions.
In this article we talk about some of the most common questions and answers with dental sedation.
What type of anesthesia is used for dental work?
There are a few different types of sedation and they typically fall into one of 3 categories:
- Intravenous (IV). This is where drugs are given to you directly into your bloodstream, often called Twilight sedation as you will have no recollection of the treatment yet you will just about be awake.
- Inhalation/Gas and air. Often called happy gas or happy air, the nitrous oxide mix is provided via a small nasal mask so that you breathe in the sedation drugs.
- Tablet. Usually given in advance so that the patient can take tablets a few hours before the treatment, the tablets typically have a calming effect.
How safe is dental sedation
Modern dental sedation is incredibly safe. Sedation will always be provided by specially trained dental professionals.
One of the big advantages of gas and air sedation is that the effects of nitrous oxide wear off incredibly quickly, so if you find you have a negative reaction you simply stop breathing gas and the effects wear off fast.
Dental sedation comes with slightly higher risks to people who are obese or have obstructive sleep apnoea, this is because the airway is more likely to become blocked.
There have been some studies which show that nitrous oxide inhalation sedation tends to deplete the body's store of vitamin B12. For people with vitamin B12 deficiencies this could be potentially dangerous.
Can I eat before dental sedation
You should follow the guidelines given to you by your dentist prior to having sedation however the recommendations are.
- Intravenous sedation (IV sedation). Because this is not a full general anaesthetic like you would have in hospital it is not necessary to fast prior to having your intravenous sedation, we recommend that you have a light meal for your appointment.
- Inhalation sedation. You can eat and drink as normal before having inhalation sedation.
- Tablet/oral sedation. You can eat and drink as normal before having tablet/oral sedation.
You should however avoid alcohol prior to any form of sedation. Alcohol can react badly to some of the drugs used and will also impair your ability to follow instructions.
Who is a candidate for sedation dentistry?
Anyone that is anxious or nervous of the dentist can be a candidate for some form of dental sedation. If you are apprehensive about your appointment and/or treatment then simply speak to your dentist.
You are unlikely to be refused sedation however patients who are obese or have obstructive sleep apnoea may be advised that sedation is not for them due to the increased risks of the airway becoming obstructed.
Should I be scared of the dentist?
It is absolutely understandable that people are apprehensive of visiting the dentist, we appreciate that you may be concerned about any discomfort and understand that many people feel out of control.
The first stage to overcoming any form of anxiety is to let your dentist know, be very clear and specific about what your concerns are, is it:
- Anxiety about the pain?
- Fear of a particular treatment?
- Anxiety over the dentist doing something that you haven't agreed to?
- Feeling out of control?
- Worried about how much or this is going to cost?
- Fear of being in an enclosed space?
If your dentist knows what you are scared about then they can take action to help, they will be able to:
- Give topical anaesthetics via a little gel placed on some cotton wool prior to having needle injections, this numbs the gum so that you can't feel the needle at all.
- Explain all treatments fully before starting so that you know exactly what is going to happen.
- Provide a full treatment plan which highlights what treatment will be done at any given appointment.
- Agree a simple stop signal, this is usually raising a hand, the dentist can then stop treatment, give you a rest for a moment and allow you to set up if appropriate.
- Provide all costs of treatment in advance, including any necessary payment plans to ensure you are completely happy and relaxed.
Even if all of the above is taking care of there are times where you may still feel anxious, nervous or scared, if this is you then dental sedation may be the perfect answer, in conjunction with everything already mentioned.
Should I ask my dentist for sedation?
Absolutely yes, if you feel this will help then ask your dentist for sedation. Not every dental practice of visitors standard so you may need a referral to another practice or your regular dentist may be able to bring in another suitably trained dental professional to help.
Is there any alternative to anesthesia in dentistry?
Another great question that we get asked lots. Many dental practices are able to help you relax in a variety of ways, some I just naturally relaxing environments and some dentists use alternative techniques such as hypnosis.
Are relaxed calming environment which helps you to slow down your heart rate and gently understand what will happen throughout any treatment, we feel, is an incredibly important way of helping you relax at the dentist and have alternatives to anaesthesia.
However, we would almost always use some form of local anaesthesia to ensure that any treatment site is totally numb prior to undertaking any treatment.
Can I get my wisdom teeth removed without anesthesia?
We would always recommend having a local anaesthesia to numb the area where the teeth will be extracted, however you may also opt to not have any form of sedation such as relative analgesia (inhalation sedation) or intravenous sedation.
Wisdom teeth often have a smaller root system than other back teeth and so are usually relatively simple to extract
How much does it cost for sedation dentistry?
The cost of sedation will vary depending upon the service provider and the length of treatment. Typically sedation is provided on a per hour basis. Many treatments can be performed in less than an hour although some may be considerably longer, for example full mouth dental implants. Sedation is usually provided at around £300 per hour
How to Get Straight Teeth without Braces
Do you have crooked teeth?
Perhaps you are embarrassed to smile or find it difficult to eat?
You may even have jaw joint problems as a result of crooked teeth?
If any of these apply to you then you may be wondering about your options and want to ask the question, how to get straight teeth without braces!
If you have crooked teeth there are really only two ways to treat them:
- Move the teeth physically.
- Add something to the front of the tooth to make the front of the tooth aligned and give the illusion of straight teeth
Moving the teeth physically includes various orthodontic options and adding something to the front of the tooth can be done with various cosmetic dentistry techniques.
Even the orthodontic options offer solutions to crooked teeth without traditional braces, so read on to find out your options.
Why do teeth grow crooked?
There is a natural balance in your mouth Between your tongue pushing out and the cheeks pushing in. This natural balance in forces is called the neutral zone. As a baby grows and turns into a child and then adult various factors come into play which can affect this neutral zone.
- Thumb or dummy sucking. This puts pressure on the roof of the mouth which can move the bone physically during growing. This can mean the teeth come through in the wrong position, often spaced with buck teeth.
- Poor posture. The muscles of your head, face and neck are all interconnected, poor posture such as continuously leaning forwards or having the mouth continuously open can affect the muscles and fine balance of the neutral zone. This can mean that the pressures from the muscles around the face do not exert on the teeth and they come through crooked.
- Developmental issues. Occasionally either the top or lower jaw can develop too big or too small. If it is too big then the teeth will tend to be spaced, if it is too small then the teeth will tend to be crowded or crooked.
- Poor eating habits. We use our tongue considerably during eating. It gets forced against the roof of our mouth which can, over time, move the bone and space the teeth out.
If your teeth are extremely crooked or you need to correct the bite it may not be possible to straighten teeth without braces, however, slightly crooked teeth can often be treated without braces.
How important are straight teeth in society?
Research has shown that a beautiful smile doesn't only make you more attractive to others; it can even improve your job prospects! A coy 'hand over the mouth' approach may work among friends but like it or not, in a one-to-one interview that smile is just going to show.
People want straight teeth for a variety of reasons
- Socially wanting to look good at parties with friends
- Before going away on holidays – Happy holiday snaps become more amazing
- Boosting their self-confidence that brings out the best in them
- Dating – I know I will enjoy more talking to someone with a nice, bright smile
- Comments from friends & family making them feel self-conscious – I have had people requesting whitening because of comments from their grandchildren.
- Wanting to look more youthful – we all love to look and feel young all the time.
How to close the small gap between my front teeth?
Small gaps between the front teeth can often be closed with dental bonding. This involves applying a thin layer of tooth coloured resin to the front side of your teeth. Bonding in this way can look extremely natural and close the gaps completely, all without braces.
Dental veneers can also be used, this can also adjust the shape and colour of the teeth at the same time.
Notice this case below, there is a small gap between the front teeth of this patient, after dental veneers the gap has completely gone, the teeth are whiter, brighter and better shape also.
How to get fake teeth instead of using braces
So long as your teeth are not too crooked then it is possible to get fake teeth by way of bonding, veneers or dental crowns in order to straighten teeth instead of using braces.
However, most dentists will prefer to maintain as much healthy tooth structure as possible. Veneers and dental crowns may involve removal of otherwise healthy tooth structure in order to accept the new (and straighter) veneer or crown.
Whenever healthy tooth structure is removed there will be a joint between the natural tooth and the fake tooth (veneer or crowns), this joint will always be a weak point and susceptible to bacteria gathering. This could lead to increased chances of decay in this area.
Careful consideration to this fact should always be taken when deciding whether you want to have faked teeth (veneers, crowns or bonding) instead of orthodontic braces.
There are also a range of "snap on dental veneers" which are available through online retailers. These are only adding onto the outside of your teeth and can only be worn for short periods of time. We are also extremely concerned about the fit of these products, if they do not fit then they will rub on the gums, this can then lead to inflammation and the gums actually receding.
These snap on instant smiles can also look extremely unnatural as they will, by their very nature, be very big and protruding.
Orthodontics without visible braces
There are also a range of orthodontic treatments which are possible to have which do not have invisible braces. This means you can have straight teeth with no one else knowing you are having treatment!
This means you can look as though you were having straight teeth without braces, the following treatments make this possible:
- Clear orthodontic braces. These types of braces are made using completely clear plastic aligners. These are virtually imperceptible whilst being worn.
- Tooth coloured brackets and wires. Whilst it is possible to see these close-up they often go unnoticed in normal society distances from each other, they involve conventional orthodontic technology of brackets and wires but instead of them being metal train track types they are tooth coloured which makes them blend in better.
- Lingual orthodontics. This type of orthodontic brace fits on the inside of your teeth (tongue side). This means that from the front the braces are completely invisible meaning you get straighter teeth without the look of braces.
Clear orthodontic braces
The almost invisible option
This type of orthodontic brace involves the use of a series of clear aligners. When they are being worn they are virtually imperceptible. One of the most popular types of clear orthodontic brace like this is Invisalign.
The system uses advanced CADCAM technology to computer design each aligner. Each aligner moves your teeth small amount towards their final destination. You wear each aligner for approximately 2 weeks and have around 26 aligners for a standard treatment. More complex treatments may require a longer time period.
Tooth coloured brackets and wires
The option for more crooked teeth
This option includes conventional type braces on the front of your teeth by using clear brackets and tooth coloured wires. One of the most popular treatments of this type is known as Six Month Smiles. Whilst you may notice these braces when viewed close-up people generally don't notice them when viewed from a distance, in fact many celebrities have been known to wear this type of orthodontic brace and it completely bypass the press and media!
Fluoride toothpaste & your baby's teeth
It's often thought that there is no need to look after your children's teeth because they are going to lose them at some point! This isn't particularly great advice for a range of reasons:
- Habits form very young. If your young child does not look after their teeth then this habit is likely to go through to adulthood, their permanent teeth are then at risk.
- The risk of other diseases. If your child does not look after their teeth and they develop excessive caries then the bacteria can travel around their body causing other health problems.
- The adult teeth risk being affected also. Your child adult teeth fixed immediately underneath their baby teeth, if an abscess forms around the baby teeth then the bacteria in this abscess can begin to attack their underlying adult teeth also.
So, yes, it's incredibly important to look after your children's teeth… Here's some more advice.
Should I use toothpaste on my baby's teeth?
Yes, however always use a dedicated children's toothpaste. The outer surface of our teeth, known as the enamel is made up primarily of minerals. Over time, teeth require remineralisation in order to keep them strong. Fluoride has been shown to help with this remineralisation process which is why it is added to toothpaste. However there is a limit on the amount of fluoride that we should use, especially when our bodies are small, for this reason toothpaste manufacturers make a children's toothpaste with a lower dose of fluoride.
When should you start brushing your child's teeth?
Ideally you should start brushing your child's teeth before they have any! Keeping their gums clean and free of bacteria is also really important. Regularly allowing your baby to experience the sensation of a toothbrush in their mouth also gets and used to what it feels like, making them less likely to object to teeth cleaning when their teeth finally come through.
You can read more teething advice here.
Is it bad if I use a natural, fluoride-free toothpaste?
The general advice we always give is to use a fluoride containing toothpaste. Fluoride helps the remineralisation process of your teeth and without it you stand a higher chance of developing tooth decay. The same principle applies to children.
How to care for my baby's new teeth?
A checklist of ways to look after your baby teeth is as follows:
- Allow a baby to get used to a toothbrush before any teeth come through.
- When the teeth finally come through, use a grain of rice sized amount of fluoride containing children's toothpaste.
- When your child reaches three years old then use a piece sized amount of fluoride containing children's toothpaste.
- Supervise your child is cleaning until they are released 7 years old.
- Clean your children's teeth from behind. If they are a baby then sit them on your knee facing away from you, if they are a toddler then stand behind them.
- Clean all tooth surfaces, remember the cheek side, tongue side and biting side on the upper teeth and lower teeth.
- Brush in a circular motion. Your child will have 20 primary teeth and it's important to ensure they are clean each day.
- Encourage your child to spit out excess toothpaste but do not rinse with water as this will wash away the fluoride. Whilst fluoride is added to the drinking water in many places around the UK it's still important to apply topically to prevent cavities.
As an adult, why shouldn't I use children's toothpaste?
The quantity of fluoride in the toothpaste is designed specifically for the average body size. Because the child is much smaller than an adult the fluoride dose is much smaller in children's toothpaste. This would mean that if you used children's toothpaste as an adult you would not be having the correct amount of fluoride on your teeth which could lead you to be more susceptible to tooth decay.
What is the cause of a baby's tooth decay before two years?
The primary cause of any tooth decay, leaving out any congenital disorders, is poor oral hygiene. in the year to 2018 26,111 children aged between 5 & 9 were admitted to hospital as a result of tooth decay.
In total 44,047 children under the age of 19 were admitted to hospital, that's more than children admitted for acute tonsillitis, viral infections, asthma, abdominal and pelvic pain!
Some of the primary causes include:
- Children not cleaning their teeth at least twice per day.
- Consumption of too much sugar with out adequate cleaning afterwards.
- Drinking sugary drinks from bottles with teats.
In summary, it is that adults responsibility to ensure that children keep their sugar consumption in check whilst ensuring that their children clean their teeth adequately each day.
What are teeth made of?
Sometimes when we think about dental health it's a good idea to consider exactly what teeth are made of, this allows us to understand more about how our dental health is impacted by our habits and what we eat.
We going to break this blog post down into two sections, firstly we will look at the basic biology and an anatomy of the tooth, in the second section we will then look at how this anatomy can be compromised and what you can do to look after it.
The basic anatomy of a human tooth
A Tooth Diagram – showing all aspects of the tooth
What are human teeth made of?
A tooth consists of three parts:
- The crown. This is the part above the gum which you see.
- The neck. This is the section of the tooth where the crown meets the root.
- The root. This is the section of the tooth which anchors it into the bone and it is not normally seen.
Within these three parts there are principally three biological sections:
- The enamel. This is the hard outer layer of the tooth, it is the hardest substance in the human body. It protects the tooth and is 96% hydroxyapatite mineral, this is a crystalline form of calcium phosphate. The remaining 4% is made up of organic material and water. This highly mineralised content gives the enamel its characteristic quite/translucent appearance.
- The dentine. This is a slightly softer in part of the tooth surrounding the sensitive root canal which contains the nerve the blood supply. The dentine consists of 45% hydroxyapatite mineral with 33% organic material and 22% water. The organic material gives the dentine slightly yellow colour.
- The blood vessels and nerves. These are the living tissues in the tooth and feed the it keeping it alive, they also provide proprioception to your brain so that you can feel what is going on. The blood vessels are held in the dental pulp.
The whole tooth is held in place by a soft cushioning mechanism called a periodontal ligament.
Are teeth made of bone?
No. In contrast to teeth which are made up primarily of the mineral hydroxyapatite, bone is mostly made of collagen and is a living growing test you. Collagen is a protein which gives the soft framework to the bone whilst calcium phosphate is the mineral which provides additional strength to this softer framework. It is the combination of collagen and calcium which provide the strength and flexibility of bones.
The uses of each type of tooth
The 32 teeth in your mouth are broadly broken down into 2 areas:
- Incisive biting, for example biting into an apple.
- Chewing and grinding.
The sharper and more knife like teeth are towards the front of the mouth, as we move towards the back of the mouth, where we are able to get far more pressure on them from grinding, they become larger so that we can distribute the pressure over a larger surface area, thereby making them more efficient. Back teeth also have much larger groups enabling us to put larger amounts of pressure to grind our food.
Right at the back of our mouth we have wisdom teeth, in modern-day humans these seem to cause many problems, often being impacted. It is for this reason that wisdom teeth are often removed.
There doesn't seem to be any evidence to suggest that our more pointed canines are there to tear meet. In actual fact they are more likely to be a throwback to our ancestors millions of years ago.
Looking after the anatomy of a tooth
Why do I have black lines on my teeth?
Black lines on teeth have a few different causes:
- Poor oral hygiene. If the natural anatomy of your tooth has lines and bridges then these can fill with plaque, if this is not cleaned off regularly then it can become dark, particularly if you have habits such as eating very strongly coloured foods or smoking.
- The tooth dying. If the tooth dies then the blood supply is reduced and the tooth have a tendency to go black.
- Root canal treatment. A root canal treatment can sometimes cause the tooth to look darker than it did originally, this is because the blood supply will have been removed from inside the tooth.
- An old dental crown. Some dental crowns have metal inside them, towards the gum line this can begin to look black as the gum recedes during the natural ageing process.
What are the best way to take care of your teeth?
Taking care of your teeth is actually relatively simple, just follow this simple advice:
- Clean your teeth twice per day (morning and evening).
- For adults use a pea sized amount of fluoride toothpaste.
- Clean in between your teeth once per day using either dental floss or an interdental brush or stick.
- Use a fluoride mouthwash after meals and never directly after cleaning your teeth. Mouthwash contains less fluoride and toothpaste, if you brush your teeth and then use mouthwash you will actually rinse off some of the helpful fluoride.
- Visit your dentist regularly. Your dentist is able to spot the very early warning signs of any dental disease, such as softening of the enamel in the pits and fissures of your teeth. You won't be open to spot this yourself and if you leave these areas then decay can develop.
- Visit your hygienist regularly. Your dental hygienist will be able to clean your teeth on a regular basis and evaluate your own oral hygiene routine, making suggestions about how you could clean your teeth better.
Why do humans have carnivorous teeth?
In actual fact we don't. Canines are usually considered the carnivorous teeth, yet some of the largest canines in the animal kingdom along to herbivores… Gorillas and hippopotami both have extremely large canines and yet are both herbivores. Canines are usually used in the animal kingdom for fighting and it's probably this fact which means that modern-day humans still have slightly more pointed teeth as a throwback to our ancestors. Long canines have also been shown to be used by gorrillas as a display to fend off other gorillas… Something which humans don't really need to do any more!
What chemical element make up teeth?
A tooth is broken down into many parts, each have a unique composition:
- The enamel in a is the hardest part of the tooth, it is made of an extremely hard mineral called calcium phosphate. The enamel is relatively clear although it does have a slightly blue/grey tint.
- The dentine is a slightly softer layer underneath the enamel, This is the part of the tooth which gives it the most colour. the dentine is 45% mineral hydroxylapetite, 33% is organic material and the remaining 22% is water. The dentine is not as little as the enamel due to the reduced amount of mineralised content.
- The pulp is the inner part of the tooth, it is extremely soft and provides the living section of the tooth carrying the blood vessels.
How does one stop and reverse the process of tooth decay?
The process of tooth decay can only be reversed or stopped by removing the decay altogether and then filling the void with a hard wearing filling material. If you have tooth decay it is unfortunately not possible to reverse it at home as it will need to be removed and filled.
The best thing you can do at home is to prevent the tooth decay in the first place by following good oral hygiene routine.
Dental crowns have been in common use since the 1960s when the techniques to manufacture them were first understood, Nowadays, with better preventive techniques crowns aren't used quite so much but they still play a key part of many dental treatments. We've found that many patients can often be confused about types and uses of tooth crowns so we thought we would write an extensive article to answer all of your questions.
What is a dental crown?
In simple terms, a dental crown is a full replacement for everything you see on your tooth above the gum. They are usually used when the natural tooth has become severely broken down and can no longer be restored with either fillings or inlays. Your crown will fit over your natural tooth which the dentist will prepare and reduce to a stump. So long as you have high quality crown then it will blend in with the remainder of your teeth and no one will know you have one fitted.
Which crown is better for front teeth?
For front teeth it is usually aesthetics which take the priority, function and strength are still important however. For the highest athletics it is better to use a more translucent material which allows the light to shine through the crown, a porcelain crown is often the best choice. This allows a more natural appearance than having a crown which has metal inside. For this reason the best crown for a front tooth will be some form of metal free crown.
What is the best dental crown to get for back teeth?
Full-back teeth it is usually function and strength which are a priority over aesthetics. Your back teeth are capable of exerting extreme pressure and therefore strength is a priority. Modern zirconia crowns can be extremely strong as well as aesthetic, however very often classic porcelain fused to metal or indeed full metal crowns are still preferred for back teeth.
What are Zirconia Dental Crowns?
Zirconia is the common name for zirconium dioxide, this is effectively sand or ceramic and it is what makes beautiful white beaches look very white. Zirconia has been used for many years in hip replacement surgery as the body does not reject it and it has little or no wear. Zirconia is also able to allow the light to shine through making crowns made from the material extremely lifelike. Zirconia is one of the most biocompatible materials it's possible to use due to the fact it does not react with anything.
What is the best dental crown material?
The best types of dental crowns will always be selected, but this will differ depending on your clinical situation. The two criteria which are usually used to decide which crown material you should have are:
- Aesthetics. Especially important at the front. Very often metal free or crowns are chosen.
- Strength. Especially important at the back. Crowns containing metal, such as porcelain fused metal crowns are often chosen however modern advances in technology means zirconia crowns are approaching the same strength.
How long will a tooth crown last?
A tooth crown will last thousands of years… So long as it is not put under any stress and is left alone! So actually the question should be how long will the tooth crown last in MY mouth? The things which affect how long the tooth crown last are:
- Failure and/or fracture.
- Gum recession exposing the Crown margin.
You can reduce the chance of failure and/or fracture by ensuring that you look after it. Only use crowns for eating and chewing, not opening bottles! Also, be aware that a common way to fracture ceramic crown is to knock it with a ceramic mug whilst drinking.
You can reduce the chance of gum recession by ensuring that you maintain good oral health and have a regular visit to the dentist to ensure that your gums are in the best condition possible.
Why is palladium not used in dental crowns?
Palladium is used in crowns occasionally however it is falling out of favour for a few reasons:
- It is a precious metal and therefore expensive, there are lower cost alternatives which offer similar advantages.
- It is a precious metal and therefore open to fluctuations in price depending upon what the stock market is doing, more stable pricing materials are available.
- It is metal and therefore does not allow the light to travel through like a natural tooth, this can sometimes make a crown with metal alloys such as those containing palladium look not as good as an all ceramic crown.
What is the typical cost for a dental crown?
The price will vary depending on the type of crown, you should expect to pay anywhere between £300 to more than £1000 per tooth, depending upon where you visit the dentist. Understanding dental prices can be quite difficult so it's good to speak to your dentist beforehand.
What are alternatives to dental crowns?
If you only have a small amount of damaged tooth then a dental inlay or filling may work, other filling materials are also a possibility. If however there is a large amount of tooth to restore then there really isn't any alternative to a dental crown, if you want to keep the tooth.
Doing nothing is always an option and should always be considered, if you need to have a tooth restored then doing nothing could lead to additional dental health problems in the future or possibly losing the tooth completely.
How to take care of my dental crown?
You should take care of a tooth crown exactly the same as you would a natural tooth, ensuring you clean it twice per day for 2 min with toothpaste. You should then clean in between the crown and the next tooth with either floss or an incidental brush, just like you do natural teeth, this ensures you keep those difficult to reach areas clean as well. One of the weak areas of a crown is where it joins your natural tooth, often under the gum margin, this area needs to be kept particularly clean.
What is the process for putting on dental crowns?
The process for having crowns is as follows:
- Diagnosis that a crown is required, a treatment plan should be produced with all options including prices.
- Agreement of the treatment plan. Any root canals or root canal treatment will be done first.
- Preparation of the tooth. This involves removing any decayed or broken down tooth and preparing it to be the correct shape to accept the new crown. You will receive a numbing anaesthetic beforehand.
- Fitting a temporary crown. This will be made chair side by the dentist at the time of preparation, you wear this temporarily crown for two weeks whilst the final and definitive crown is made.
- The final crown is manufactured by a dental technician.
- The fitting appointment. You will have a numbing anaesthetic, the temporary crown will be removed, the final crown will be checked for fit, aesthetics and function. If everything is okay the permanent crown will be fitted using a special dental cement material.
We hope you have found this blog post useful, what other questions do you have about crowns?
Any good dental practice will understand that fees and prices are a major factor in the decision-making process by which dentist to visit. That's why we have decided to tackle this issue head on, we hope that by the end of this blog post you will have more information about private dentist prices in the UK, why those fees and prices are as they are and how to make the best choice.
Whenever you have a treatment undertaken you should always have a fully itemised treatment plan in advance, the question we recommend you ask your dentist is:
What is included in treatment?
Things which may get left out of your budget in a treatment plan could include:
- X-rays. Always ask if x-rays are included in any treatment, particularly in a dental health assessment. Some practices offer an initial dental health consultation for new patients which do include x-rays, others don't, so it's important to find out beforehand.
- Follow-up appointments. After complex treatments you may need a series of follow up appointments, think about treatments such as dental implants or orthodontics. Does the fee includes all of these appointments?
- Retainers. When you have orthodontics you may need retainers after the treatment to ensure your teeth stay in a new position, some practices include a couple of retainers in the treatment fee whilst others include retainers for life. It's important you find this information out before going ahead with treatment.
- Sedation. If you are particularly anxious or nervous and think you may require sedation then find out if this is included. Almost certainly inhalation sedation or intravenous sedation will not be included but it's worth asking about oral sedation.
A good private dentist price list will include everything and not have any hidden extras.
What are the best options for paying for dental fees?
Most private dentists in the UK will offer a range of different ways to pay for the treatment. This could include:
- Paying for the entire treatment in one go and enjoying a small discount, often around 10%.
- Staged payment for each treatment, particularly useful for expensive treatments over a long period of time.
- Finance. Many practices offer 0% finance over one year and then interest-bearing finance thereafter.
- Membership plans. Practices offer membership in exchange for a monthly fee. The membership comes with certain benefits including discounted appointments and usually includes routine hygiene and dental appointments.
- Bupa Dental plans are also covered by some practices.
Why choose a Private Dentist instead of an NHS dentist?
Many people wonder what is the difference between NHS and private? NHS treatments typically cover the most basic level of care. An NHS dentist is actually still a Private dentist but has a contract to deliver a certain number of Units of Dental Activity (UDA) to the local primary care trust, in the bidding process each bidder for these UDA's will place their bid, the trust will then decide which provider wins the contract.
The contract will include the total number of UDA's that must be delivered within the contract period. Each type of treatment has a different number of activities attributed to it.
This is potentially an unstable system, if, towards the end of the contract period the dentist has not achieved the number of UDAs required then there may clawback where the local trust claws back any money paid to the dentist, on the face of it this seems fair but sometimes the target number of UDAs set by the trust is unachievably high, this can leave dentists in a very difficult situation, short of cash and then possibly unable to invest. The flipside to this is if patients come in which needed lots of treatment, in this scenario the dentist may use up their UDA allocation, no matter what treatments patients need the dentist will not be paid for them. This may result in dentists closing their books to NHS patients when the required number of UDAs have been delivered.
Private dentistry avoids all of this. You get exactly what you need, when you need it!
Because the amount that an NHS dentist often get paid for each unit of activity they have a tendency to want to keep treatment very basic and quick, this means treatments may not be as complex or personalised as private dental treatments. High-quality private treatments overcome this problem by giving the dentist the freedom to operate at whichever level they wish.
Where can I get affordable dental treatment?
Affordable treatment is, without doubt a touchy subject. It is also rather subjective. After all, what is affordable? Many people would be happy to spend £5000 on a new car or £2000 on holiday but would not want to spend the same amount of money on their teeth.
Your teeth are used 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, they allow you to eat, smile and chew with confidence. Having great teeth is an investment in yourself!
Having said that, there are ways to make dentistry more affordable.
The advent of private membership plans has made dentistry much more affordable. These plans can bring complex treatments like dental implants or root canal work down by about 5%. Paying for treatments booked in advance can also pay dividends, dental practices can offer up to 10% discount for treatments booked in this fashion. Many practices also offer finance, this is often 0% if the entire treatment is paid off within a year.
The key to finding affordable dental treatments is to speak to your dentist, don't be afraid to let them know exactly how you feel, what your concerns are… This allows them to come up with the best price list and dental charges for you.
The full cost of dental implants can often run into many thousands of pounds and it is for this reason that people seek cheap dental implants abroad. This article is dedicated to providing information and advice for those patients interested in dental tourism from the perspective of a UK dentist.
What are the reasons Dental tourism occurs?
With the NHS struggling to cover a wide variety of dental treatments it's left to private dentistry to fill this gap. Cosmetic dental treatments and particularly dental implants are very rarely available on the NHS which means patients will need to pay the full rate for any treatment they have. Dental treatments in the UK can seem relatively inexpensive but this is mainly due to the fact we are used to paying virtually nothing on the NHS.
With anything we buy we are always looking for value, so if we purchased a brand new BMW car for £5,000 that would be excellent value and most people might jump at the chance. Equally a brand new 5 bedroom house for £30,000 would be excellent value and again many would purchase due to the extreme value offered.
So it's not about the definitive amount, rather the value that can be achieved from spending this amount.
Dental implant prices often begin much lower than £5000 but could approach £30,000 for a full set of dental implants. A car will almost certainly wear out after a few years, and we don't even use a car 24 hours a day. A new set of teeth supported on dental implants are used all day everyday and will certainly last much longer than a car making them good value.
Unfortunately this value is not always fully recognised and people seek to have the cheapest dental implants possible… Which often means not such good value!
Why are dental implants are expensive in the UK?
The easiest way to understand this is to look at the components of a dental implant treatment in the UK to discover where each of the costs lay:
- Initial consultation. Your dentist will want to have an initial consultation with you, this may involve CT scans, x-rays and consultations with more specialised dentists. Prior to this detailed dental initial consultation some practices may offer a free consultation .
- Planning. Once you have decided to go ahead a full and detailed treatment plan will have to be done, this is very often provided by a dental laboratory in conjunction with the dental implant surgeon. With the highest quality comes the ability to use computer assisted diagnostics and planning, this means the dental implant is placed in exactly the right place and avoidance all of the vital nerves and blood vessels supplying your teeth.
- Dental implant placement. After the planning stage the placement will go ahead, this will often involve the whole team including nurses, surgeons, dentists and technicians.
- The dental implant surgery. As well as providing the practical skills your dental implant will be placed in a sterile surgical environment, as you may know this kind of facility is very expensive to run and maintain.
- Dental implant training. Of course you will want to know that the person placing your dental implant has had the best training and continues to do so, the training courses for dental implants can be very expensive and will need to be undertaken by all of the dental professionals involved.
- The dental implant itself. The dental implant itself will be made from high-grade medical titanium, implants are very often computer milled meaning they have tolerances of a few microns.
- The trans-mucosal element. This is an abutment which connects the dental implant itself to your final restoration, this could either be a Crown, Bridge or denture.
- The restoration. This is the only part of the dental implant you will actually see a it is the part that provides your new smile and enables you to eat and chew again with confidence.
- Post operative care. After the implant is placed there will be a time of healing during which you will need to visit the dentist a few times.
As you can see, there are many elements which make up the price of the dental implant, if any of these are compromised in order to provide a cheaper dental implant than the value of the implant may be reduced and you may not receive the quality of service you expect, or indeed receive the most cost-effective treatment.
How to choose the right clinic and dentist for a dental implant
Here are our top questions to ask any clinic you are looking for:
- What experience do you have? Ask how many dental implants they have placed in the previous year, this will give you an idea of the level of experience.
- What do your patients say about you? Ask to see reviews by current patients, look for reviews specifically by patients that have had dental implants.
- What dental implant system do you use? Whilst we don't expect you to have heard of the dental implant systems if you know which system your dentist is using you will be able to do further research. Ensure that the implant system used is one of the major brands and not a cheap copy.
- What are your qualifications? In the UK we have a list of dental specialists, these specialists have additional Masters level training. Some dentist also have additional training at postgraduate level in order to place dental implants.
- What a professional bodies do you belong to? Ask about voluntary and compulsory membership. In the UK dentists have two comply with the Care Quality Commission and the General Dental Council regulations and are regularly audited. A foreign dental clinic may only have voluntary membership or comply to voluntary schemes this may not be as high standard as the compulsory ones in the UK.
- What other options are there? If your dentist only offers you dental implants you may like to consider the possibility that they are not seeing the bigger picture. There are other alternatives such as bridges, dentures and sometimes doing nothing may be the best option.
How to save on full mouth reconstructions
There are often many ways to save on a full mouth reconstruction. It's not always necessary to place multiple dental implants. Modern techniques such as All-on-4 allow your dentist place only 4 dental implants and then placed either a fixed bridge or removable denture over the top. Dentures are often a cheaper option and can provide a good way to save on full mouth reconstructions.
Some final advice
Most dental practices really do appreciate that UK dental work can be relatively expensive, to help finance options are often available, similar to when you purchase a car. Please do let your dental practice know that you would like to find out about finance options and making treatment more affordable, there are very often ways that they can help. So don't forget, being prepared to be open about the cost with the UK dentist may be the best option rather than travel abroad for dental implants, in order to ensure high-quality treatment.
Bruxism – Are You at Risk?
Bruxism – a cause of enamel degradation and tooth wear. What causes it, how to stop it and how to treat it.
With the stress of modern day living more people are finding they have enamel degradation and tooth where from bruxism. This article is dedicated to helping those people and to helping you find a solution to teeth grinding /bruxism.
How do you diagnose bruxism
The first signs of bruxism will be noticeable by you at home:
- tenderness in and around the jaw muscles
- possible headaches
- visible signs of tooth wear and erosion resulting in Chipping or flat edges on the front teeth
Your dentist will be able to confirm the diagnosis of bruxism by:
- checking for additional tooth wear towards the back of your mouth where you can't see yourself
- checking for the signs of underlying tooth and bone damage using x-rays
- checking the condition of other teeth for visible signs of abrasion
What is the treatment for bruxism
The treatment for bruxism is usually done in stages:
- understanding why you are grinding your teeth
- physical mechanisms and barriers to stop you grinding your teeth e.g. mouth guards
- drug therapies such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like Ibuprofen to relieve pain and reduce any swelling
Understanding why you are grinding your teeth
This is the first stage in treating bruxism, if the underlying cause is stress then this will need to be addressed. If the underlying cause is something physical e.g. dental malocclusion then this can be treated with equilibration (selective and careful tooth grinding by the dentist to remove any cuspal interferences).
Bruxism mouthguards
Mouthguard can help you stop your bruxism by keeping your teeth apart. They usually fit on the lower teeth and will be custom-made for you. The surface of the mouthguard usually flat and smooth meaning your top teeth can't lock together with your lover teeth.
This has a double effect, not only can't your teeth meet to actually grind but the muscles around the head, face and neck will relax to then natural position. This relaxing of the muscles can also help relieve headaches caused by bruxism
Sleep bruxism
Exact causes of sleep bruxism are not actually known although there has been research which linkage to factors such as anxiety, alcohol, cigarettes smoking and stress. However, sleep bruxism is considered sleep related movement disorder and because of this if you have sleep bruxism you are statistically more likely to suffer from other sleep disorders such as snoring and possible sleep apnoea.
Can bruxism go away
Bruxism can go away depending upon its causes. If the bruxism is caused by anxiety, alcohol, cigarettes or stress then clearly reducing these factors will help with the bruxism.
There may also be other physiological causes of bruxism which, unless treated mean that the bruxism won't go away.
Other common questions and answers about bruxism
Is it bad to grind your teeth
We all grind out teeth a little bit, after all that's what they are therefore, to enable us to grind food into small enough chunks to eat. Teeth grinding only becomes a problem when it affects things like tenderness in around the jaw muscles, headaches and tooth and bone loss. Your dentist will be able to diagnose the extent of any teeth grinding and let you know whether it is a problem for you.
How do you relax your jaw
How do I stop clenching my teeth in my sleep
If your intention is to rely entirely on home remedies to stop clenching your teeth in your sleep then you have two primary ways of doing this:
- understand the cause of your teeth clenching and treat that, is it anxiety, alcohol, stress or cigarette smoking perhaps?
- Consider taking over-the-counter ibuprofen, this is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and can help to reduce pain and swelling. Always follow your doctor's instructions and the labels on any medication.
How would you know if you grind your teeth and night
It's not such an infrequent occasions that patients tell us the first thing they know about grinding their teeth and night is that their partner tells them… It can be a rather loud grinding noise!
Other symptoms of night time grinding could be you wake up with headaches or pain around the jaw joint or muscles in your jaw.
Is teeth grinding a sign a sleep apnoea
Teeth grinding is not a sign of sleep apnoea but the two conditions are link in that they are both sleep related movement disorders. There is no causal link between the two conditions but there may be other links worth investigating.
Can you get headaches grinding your teeth
Yes, you most certainly can get headaches from grinding your teeth, this is because the muscles which put your jaw together connect high up around the side of your head. If these muscles are under tension from grinding then this can be translated into headaches.
This blog post was written by Senova Dental Studios in Watford
There are a whole plethora of different techniques to whiten teeth, some of them available from your dentist, others not… Some of them work, whilst others have a more dubious background. These are the different types of teeth whitening that many people search for online.
- Teeth whitening kits
- Teeth whitening strips
- Teeth whitening toothpaste
- Laser teeth whitening
- Charcoal teeth whitening
- Coconut oil teeth whitening
- Teeth whitening with toothpastes
Teeth whitening kits
The best teeth whitening kits available of those available from your dentist. But why is this so?
Teeth whitening at the dentist uses a higher concentration peroxide gel which is only available on prescription from a dentist. This peroxide whitening gel will whiten your teeth faster and lighter than any other whitening kit or system. Your dentist will also make highly customised whitening trays into which the gel in placed. These trays will be customised to fit your mouth precisely and ensure there is a seal around the tooth/gum margin. This seal prevents the gel from touching your delicate gums and ensures it stays on your teeth.
Teeth whitening strips
Teeth whitening strips are available from many places online, they can work in some cases but because the level of peroxide will be limited its whitening ability will also be reduced. One must also be very careful to keep the strips solely on the teeth and not have too much of them on the delicate gum area.
Laser teeth whitening
Rather than use peroxide to remove the microscopic staining within your teeth some dental practices use lasers. Later teeth whitening can work extremely effectively to whitening your teeth in one appointment. For this reason laser teeth whitening is often used as a rapid teeth whitening system but because of the high level investment required is often more expensive than other forms of whitening.
Charcoal teeth whitening
The Oral Health Foundation took a look into the effectiveness and safety of charcoal tooth whitening toothpastes and have since suggested that there is very little evidence to suggest that charcoal teeth whitening works. Whilst this may be increasingly popular as an alternative (and possibly cheaper option) to conventional teeth whitening at the dentist you may find it's a complete waste of money if nothing happens at all. At the very worst, The Oral Health Foundation found that the charcoal whitening toothpastes may actually be harmful as they do not contain sufficient levels of fluoride which is used to prevent tooth decay.
Whilst you may see celebrities endorsing charcoal teeth whitening, one would need to question whether they have actually had professional dentist teeth whitening prior to their endorsement.
Coconut oil teeth whitening
We will leave this firmly in the same description as charcoal teeth whitening. There is no evidence to suggest that coconut teeth whitening works and indeed, it may be harmful as many of the toothpastes do not contain adequate levels of fluoride.
Teeth whitening toothpastes
Conventional over-the-counter teeth whitening toothpastes can lighten teeth slightly. They often do this by being more abrasive than regular toothpastes thereby being able to remove more surface stain. Teeth whitening toothpastes do not contain enough peroxide to be able to whiten teeth as much as regular whitening at the dentist. Whenever using a whitening toothpaste we always recommend ensuring that it has at least 1350-1500 ppm (parts per million) of fluoride.
This blog post was written by Senova Dental Studios, your local dentist in Watford
As more and more people consider their options to replace missing teeth and opt for dental implants we are finding that the questions relating to this treatment are becoming more and more common. This article takes a look through some of the common questions and gives an in-depth answer.
What are dental implants?
Dental implants are a titanium replacement for a lost tooth. The essentially replace the root of your tooth by fixing into the bone around where the tooth has been lost. Ideally dental implants are replaced immediately the tooth has been removed, this is less traumatic for the bone and means the dental implant can support the bone and prevent bone loss due to bone resorption.
How painful it is to get dental implants
Generally speaking dental implants should not be painful although there will be mild to moderate discomfort after the procedure. Your dentist will always ensure that you are fully anaesthetised around the area in which the dental implant will be placed. Many dentists also offer dental sedation which can help you relax during treatment. Don't be afraid to mention this to your dentist if you would like to have sedation for your implants.
After the dental implant has been fitted you may feel mild to moderate pain as the nerves return to normal after the anaesthetic. Over-the-counter painkillers will help to keep the pain at bay. Any pain should only last for a day or so will begin to subside once the swelling goes down.
If you have anything more than moderate pain or the pain lasts for more than a couple of days after having dental implants then it is advisable to see your dentist for a quick checkup.
How many years do dental implants last
The simple answer to this is, it depends. If the dental implant was left alone with no impact from the adjacent teeth then it would last for ever… But this isn't the real world! Dental implants are in a rather hostile environment, your teeth are capable of exerting immense force on each other and this puts the dental implant under a huge amount of pressure each time you bite.
However, The dental crown on top of the dental implant will typically last approximately 10 years, however with good care and maintenance a crown on top of the dental implant could easily last 15 years or longer.
What are the side effects of dental implants
There are no real side-effects from dental implants. The titanium used is completely inert and integrates into highly with the body, making it a highly biocompatible material. Any side-effects felt are usually from the surgical aspect rather than the implant itself. Side-effects from the surgery can include mild to moderate pain, swelling and bruising… This will usually subside within a few days.
The only other side-effect from dental implants is that you can now eat, smile and chew again with confidence… A rather good side-effect we think!
Can you take out dental implants
The dental implant itself cannot be removed in normal everyday use. If you have a denture which clips over the top of the dental implant then this can be removed. Dental bridges which screw onto the dental implant can be removed by the dentist but not the patient.
If there is a clinical reason for the dental implant itself to be removed this can be done but will be done only as a last resort if there is no other way to save the implant.
Can a dental implant fall out
No. A dental implant has two mechanisms by which it attaches into your mouth:
- Primary stability by way of a thread
- Secondary stability by way of osteointegration
When the dental implant is placed it will be gently turned and screwed into the hole that has been prepared for it. This provides a primary mechanism for stability. The human body is also not able to detect the titanium oxide layer on the outside of the implant as a foreign object, the bone will actually integrate with the implant itself. This provides secondary stability and ensures the dental implant cannot fall out.
Why does a dental implant fail
There are a few levels at which a dental implant can fail:
- The dental implant itself. Failure at this level would typically be where it has failed to integrate into the bone. The most likely cause is infection.
- The screw connecting the dental implant (The part you don't see) to the restoration on top (The part you do see). Modern dental implant design means this happens extremely rarely nowadays.
- The restoration on top of the dental implant (the part you see). This is the most likely cause of failure, it can be caused by chipping or breaking of the restoration. The good news is that the restoration can usually be removed (if it has been screwed in) and then either replaced or repaired without affecting the dental implant underneath.
What are the symptoms of dental implant failure
If a dental implant is failing you may notice:
- Moderate to severe pain around the area of the dental implant. This would indicate that the integration into the bone is beginning to fail or that there is infection in this area, you should seek dental advice as soon as possible.
- The restoration over the implant becoming loose. You may notice that the restoration, if it is screw retained, has become loose. This is not a dental emergency but you should see your dentist as soon as possible in case the restoration comes out completely.
How much does a dental implant cost for one tooth
Dental implant costs vary considerably depending on what is required. If the implant is complex and includes things like bone grafting then the cost will be considerably higher. You can expect a typical implant consultation with an oral surgeon to be around £112. Placement of the dental implant can be from around £1300 with the final restoration on top from £1300.
Whenever you have a dental implant you should always ensure you have a full treatment plan from the dentist before you begin, this ensures you know exactly what the process is and what the cost is going to be, before you go ahead.


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The Global Telemedicine Market Research Report Forecast 2020 – 2025 is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the industry overview with growth analysis and historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand, and supply data (as applicable). It provides an in-depth study of the Telemedicine market by using SWOT analysis. This gives a complete analysis of drivers, restraints and opportunities of the market. This Market study provides comprehensive data that enhances the understanding, scope, and application of this report.
The Global Telemedicine Market was valued at USD 30.7 billion in the year 2019.
Top Key Players in the Global Telemedicine Market: Teladoc Health, Inc., Doctor on Demand, AMD Global Telemedicine, Inc., MDLIVE, Amwell, Cloud MD.
Get a Sample PDF Copy of the Latest Research on Telemedicine Market 2020 Before the purchase:
Executive Summary
With the increasing aging population and prevalence of chronic diseases, there is an increasing need for finding new ways to improve patient outcomes, which increase access to care and reduce the cost of medical care as well. Moreover, the growing awareness and acceptance of remote monitoring solutions and increasing technological advancement in telecommunication is the key factor responsible for the burgeoning demand for telemedicine services globally. The Coivd-19 pandemic has rapidly accelerated the telemedicine market with telehealth replacing healthcare visit.
Telemedicine is rapidly transforming the healthcare industry, and in the next few years, it is expected to become the most accepted and used method of diagnosis and prescription. The growth of the market is likely to be driven by increasing adoption of telemedicine, rising incidences of chronic diseases, growing geriatric population, government initiatives, and shortage of physicians amongst others.
Advancements in medical digital technology, rapid interpretation of images in an emergency situation remotely, and a rise in the number of chronic diseases such as congestive heart failure, orthopedic injuries, and others are some of the key trends driving the market growth. Additionally, upgraded IT infrastructure and an increase in healthcare expenditure also expected to augment the market growth. The advent of low power consuming, wireless, and portable x-ray technologies are expected to provide numerous opportunities for market growth during the forecast period.
Regional Analysis for Market:
For a comprehensive understanding of market dynamics, the global Telemedicine market is analyzed across key geographies namely: United States, China, Europe, Japan, South-east Asia, India, and others. Each of these regions is analyzed on the basis of market findings across major countries in these regions for a macro-level understanding of the market.
North America is the leading region in the global telemedicine market, which holds a major market share in the year 2019. Due to the increasing use of the internet, North America accounts for a significant share over the forecast period, and the adoption of smart devices is the major factor that helps the telemedicine market to grow.
Browse Complete Report details with Table of Content:
Influence of the Telemedicine Market report:
-Comprehensive assessment of all opportunities and risks in the Telemedicine Market.
-Telemedicine Market recent innovations and major events.
-A Detailed study of business strategies for the growth of the Telemedicine Market-leading players.
-Conclusive study about the growth plot of Telemedicine Market for forthcoming years.
-In-depth understanding of Telemedicine Market -particular drivers, constraints and major micro markets.
-Favorable impression inside vital technological and market latest trends striking the Telemedicine Market.
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Market Insights Reports provides syndicated market research on industry verticals including Healthcare, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Technology and Media, Chemicals, Materials, Energy, Heavy Industry, etc. Market Insights Reports provides global and regional market intelligence coverage, a 360-degree market view which includes statistical forecasts, competitive landscape, detailed segmentation, key trends, and strategic recommendations.
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Sport Rider SE Recumbent Hitch Bike Rack
Customer Reviews
Very Sturdy, Easy to use, and load bikes on.
Easy to put together
Great rack!! Much improved over my previous rack.
Put the rack (Sport Rider SE Recumbent Hitch Bike Rack) together Sunday evening.
Had the original Iron Man on and realized how much my shop was like Tony Starks!! (I have Alexa instead of Jarvis, haven't figured out how to have her make parts for me yet).
Back to the rack: The rack is solid, when I place my bike on it though I had to vertically reverse the order of the hold down clamps to mount the bike on the outer berth (which was not a big deal) and I noticed the hold down clamp rubs the side of the roller box. The part of the clamp making contact has no protective rubber on it. I will figure out a way to add some protection there and I think the rack will work out fine. So far so good.
Quick shipment. I am not mechanically inclined, so I had a friend help me with the assembly. Directions were very accurate. Good illustrations. Mounted it on the hitch attachment on a Toyota Sequoia. Looks solid, and works great. Might have to order another one for him for his two recumbents. Engineering looks very smart and intelligent, and sturdy.


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The Chinese state has an impressive story to tell but Covid-19 and Hong Kong show the west shouldn't concede just yetby Rana Mitter / June 9, 2020 / Leave a comment
Kishore Mahbubani is one of Asia's best-known policymakers and public intellectuals, who served for years as a senior Singaporean diplomat. Has China Won? is a compelling book on the tussle between the US and China for global supremacy. Mahbubani argues that China has an impressive story about its global role, if it just knew how to tell it. Whether it is the ability to lift millions out of poverty, or innovate in technology, the country has an alternative model that has attracted serious consideration, not least in the global south. He warns the US against thinking that its democratic values can be universalised. As the US declines under Donald Trump, China has gained influence by supporting the WTO and COP-26. Mahbubani is particularly good on his home region, southeast Asia, where China's diplomacy often succeeds in playing states off against one another.
However, Mahbubani can overreach, arguing that China has "antimilitary DNA" unlike belligerent America, which would come as a surprise to guerrilla warrior Mao Zedong. Similarly, calling the ruling entity the "Chinese Civilisation Party" underplays its Marxist roots. And now, the Covid-19 pandemic seems likely to do significant damage to China's global reputation.
Mahbubani's case for China is a bracing corrective to western-centric views, and there's scarcely a dull page. Yet it's clear that there are still doubts about the country's direction of travel. On the day I wrote this review, I saw in the news photos of protesting students in handcuffs in Hong Kong, and opened Jeffrey Wasserstrom's new book Vigil: Hong Kong on the Brink, a tender account of the city's agonies that cites the "deep depression" and "sense of failure" of its youth. If Beijing can't make its case by persuasion rather than force to the best and brightest in one of its most advanced regions, has it really won?
Has China Won? The Chinese Challenge to American Primacy
by Kishore Mahbubani (Public Affairs, £19.99)


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Tabor College
2020 Graduate Spotlight
Congratulations to the Class of 2020!
To view candidates for each degree, click on degree program buttons below.
One-Hundred-Tenth Commencement
The in-person One-Hundred-Tenth Commencement ceremony will be held Sunday, October 11, 2020, at 10 a.m. in the Joel H. Wiens Stadium. This celebration will coincide with our homecoming weekend.
Please note that placement on these pages does not necessarily indicate degree completion. Upon degree completion, students will receive an official Tabor College diploma and the degree will be posted on the academic transcript. Names of graduates and honors earned are accurate as of noon Thursday, May 21. We regret that later changes may not be reflected on this commencement webpage.


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Camouflage Shirt
This variant is currently sold out
The cut: Straight cut, long sleeves, buttoned wrists, little collar.
The material: Light and fluid.
The Nach's details:
- Little porcelain piece on the collar.
- Prints designed by one of Nach's sisters.
- Delivered with a laundry net.
Composition: 70% cotton 30% silk
Product care: delicate 40° wash in the laundry net and iron low heat setting.
Size: The model is 170cm and is wearing a size S.
Made in Portugal.


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Everything You Need To Know About Drake And Taylor Swift's Alleged Relationship
Is Taylor making Drakes' hotline bling?!
If you've opened up Instagram today, you probably saw the photo that the one and only Champagne Papi posted. Although the dating rumours seemed to have died down, Drake's Instagram feed may suggest otherwise. The photo shows the two side by side with their backs facing the camera - as if their mysterious encounters can't be any more mysterious?!? Seriously Drizzy, wtf.
Early this morning, Drake went on a posting spree, but the photo that captured the most attention was the one with Taylor Swift, which is reigniting the romance rumours...
1. People are NOT happy about it.
Boy, did Drake add fuel to the fire. If initial rumours didn't confuse the public, his recent post definitely did. Let's just say the majority are not in favour of this fling - the comments under this photo says it all. ? (lots and lots of snake emojis)
2. Taylor Swift has been single since September, so does this mean...?
Swift is notorious for her short-lived relationships and her A-List Hollywood boyfriends. Does this mean Drake could be next in line?
3. Drake and Rihanna split just weeks before his birthday bash.
I know some of you are still mourning AubRih, but it is what it is. Rihanna reportedly didn't attend Drake's birthday, which leads to further speculation that Swift could be a love interest.
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4. A potential collaboration is in the works.
But just like any other gossip, this could just be one big publicity stunt (as usual). It is said that Drake and Taylor are simply making music together and are joining forces for an epic Grammy performance - which would mean Drake is being a huge troll and is merely taking advantage of the rumours that they could be hooking up. Maybe it's going to be an epic breakup song, haha - who knows?
Follow us on Snapchat: narcitytoronto


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Overlook on the rice fields
by raphaelhcm
Sapa, North of Vietnam - 2002
During a trek in 2002 in the hills of Lao Cai province, at the end of a hard walking day, close to our guest house. After a break, time is for contemplate landscapes, look at the locals habits, listen concerts of insects and birds, inhale particular countryside odors at sunset.
Overlook on the rice fields
by raphaelhcm
Edited by: lilito (3534)
Uniquement re-cadrage
J'espère que le résultat va te plaire!
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4.5 star hotel
Area: Near East Side
0.74 mi from Buckingham Fountain
With a stay at Radisson Blu Aqua Hotel Chicago, you'll be centrally located in Chicago, steps from Chicago Riverwalk and 8 minutes by foot from Chicago Theatre. This 4.5-star hotel is 0.5 mi (0.7 km) ...
Best Rooms: Rooms facing east, on floors 10 - 18, offer lovely views of Lake Shore park, where as the rooms facing south offer great views of the city.
4.5 star hotel
Area: Near East Side
0.82 mi from Buckingham Fountain
The triangular Swissotel Chicago, found on the south side of the Chicago River, is a unique, luxury hotel in the city's downtown area. With its three-sided design and glass facade, guest rooms at this property sport fabulous ...
Best Rooms: The Premiere Corner King rooms have wraparound views that can include the Navy Pier, the city skyline, Lake Michigan and Millennium Park. If you want a room with a view but need more than one bed, request a Classic Room Special View, so you don't miss out on views of the Navy Pier, Chicago River and Lake Michigan.
|Hotel Deals
|Save up to 48%
|Government Hotel Rates
|Save up to 43%
|AAA Hotel Discounts
|Save up to 25%
|Senior/AARP Hotel Discounts
|Save up to 16%
|Business Hotels
|280 hotels
|Family Friendly Hotels
|198 hotels
|Airport Hotels
|189 hotels
|Pet Friendly Hotels
|177 hotels
|Boutique Hotels
|9 hotels
|Ski Resorts Hotels
|8 hotels
|The Loop
|8 hotels
|Gold Coast
|8 hotels
|Near North Side
|7 hotels
|Grant Park
|0.18 mi away
|Fine Arts Building
|0.21 mi away
|Museum of Contemporary Photography
|0.21 mi away
|Columbia College Chicago
|0.22 mi away
|Auditorium Building and Theatre
|0.24 mi away
|Symphony Center
|0.31 mi away
|Art Institute of Chicago
|0.32 mi away
|Harold Washington Library Center
|0.37 mi away
|Crown Fountain
|0.42 mi away
|Fisher Building
|0.46 mi away
|Bedford Park, IL
|11.58 mi away
|12 hotels
|Evanston, IL
|12.37 mi away
|6 hotels


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Send us a message
OUR WAREHOUSE location on the map
PLEASE NOTE: We are NOT a retail location. Always call or email before coming in to place an order as we may need to special order your item.
M-F 8am – 5PM (we are flexible and often extend our hours if requested by phone or email)


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1. Cooling fabric-- This fabric could keep you feeling cool and comfortable.
2. Funny Design-- This funny design brings your family lots of fun, also help record the happy time.3. Water Clean-- Easy to clean the cover.
4. We can do OEM and ODM service.5. Very Soft and Comfortable.
6. Products got audits approval of BSCI, SEDEX, DISNEY, OEKO-TEX STANDARD 100, REVMAN.
Lanxi Yide Home Textile Co., Ltd. was established in 2003,specializing in neck pillow, bolster and stuffed toy design, production and sales, our factory locates in the beautiful city Lanxi, with 16 year development, YIDE become one of the most professional and comprehensive home textile enterprise in China, we have 450 employee and workshops cover 40000 square meters, equipped with advanced modern production lines, including memory foam injection mould production line, microbeads foaming production line, digital printing and embroidery production line, together with modern logistic warehouse.
Our products passed the audits approval of BSCI, SEDEX, OEKO-TEX STANDARD 100, REVMAN.
Our main markets are China Mainland, Southeast Asia, Europe, America and the Middle East. With our good quality products and on time delivery system, our products sell well in international and domestic market.
You are welcome to visit our factory! We are looking forward to working with you!
-(door to door)Express service available-Free stock sample available-Free logo printing layout-Contact: Mark-Wechat/Phone:+86-18069978685
-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com: 3003483106
-Mail: email@example.com:0086-579-88389018 -Address:Changsheng Road,Lanxi Economic Depelopment Zone,Jinhua,Zhejiang,China(Mainland)
Q: Are pillows with my own design available?A: OEM & ODM services are both available.Q: Can my logo be printed on products?A: Yes, we could provide the service that you need.Q: Are you a factory or trading company? A: We are a manufacturer.Q:Can your factory print or embroidery my logo on goods? A:Yes,sure.we can print or embroidery the hotel logo on goods or their packing box.Q:where is your general loading port?A: shanghai port or Ningbo port,also can ship to port which customer requestQ:How can I get samples?A:We can offer samples, the sample is free, buyer should stand the courier cost.Q: Do you accept customized orders?A: We are professional travel pillows manufacturer, and have own design department .So OEM and ODM are both welcome.


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Hall Hill PlaybarnHall Hill FarmLanchester DurhamDH7 0TA
01388 731 333
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text: View Larger Image SFSD April Highlights Welcome to the April 2015 issue of the SFSD eNewsletter! In this issue you will find: Beloved Teacher Retires After 41 Years Evergreen Kindergarteners Welcome In the Spring Kindness & Fun Rule at Mark Twain Middle School A High Tech Approach to US History Meet the School Board Candidates By Communications Team|2015-04-30T17:52:30+00:00April 30th, 2015|April, In This Issue|Comments Off on SFSD April Highlights Share This Story, Choose Your Platform! FacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWhatsAppTumblrPinterestVkEmail Related Posts SFSD February & March 2019 Highlights Gallery SFSD February & March 2019 Highlights SFSD October and November 2018 Highlights Gallery SFSD October and November 2018 Highlights SFSD October 12 Highlights Gallery SFSD October 12 Highlights SFSD September 14 2018 Highlights Gallery SFSD September 14 2018 Highlights SFSD June 2018 Highlights Gallery SFSD June 2018 Highlights


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OVER 4000 visitors attended Packaging Innovations and Luxury Packaging London 2015, meaning the event has doubled in size in just six years.
Harrods, Boots, Tesco, Waitrose, Burberry and Giorgio Armani were among the attendees at the sell-out show, which was held at its new home Olympia London.
The two day event featured a Learnshops seminar programme, with speakers from Müller, Webb deVlam London, Marks & Spencer, Liberty, and Brand on Shelf.
The Luxury Packaging Conference which gave visitors access to the latest creative thinking for premium brands, included speakers from Diageo, Harrods, P&G Prestige and LUSH.
The show was packed with exhibitor launches. Glaspray launched ISA Airless; a new twist up airless dispenser for the cosmetics market. Schur Star Systems debuted its Schur® Jar, a unique flexible stand-up bag, shaped like a jar. Global Vision gave attendees a sneak peek at the new release of Proofware, the world's first all-in-one web-based packaging inspection suite. While Graphics Packaging International was handing out free beer samples.
Big names also donned the Drinks and Beauty Symposiums. The Beauty Symposium hosted experts from Magentity, CollTec Laboratories and consultant Debbie Trumper.
The inaugural Great Innovation Debate saw a large audience gather to hear a panel of packaging experts discuss – what is innovation, how do we define innovation and where does innovation come from? The panel, including Procter & Gamble, Graphic Packaging International and Thorntons, was chaired by Stefan Casey, Business Innovation Manager,
Launched on the second day of the show was the Live Design Challenge. Three design agencies went head to head in a bid to design a rugby carton in homage to the Rugby World Cup.
Also new this year was the Brand Innovation Programme where nine leading creative agencies discussed how to develop a brand with high quality packaging design.
Gerry Sherwood, the newly appointed event director for the Easyfairs' Packaging Portfolio said, "We couldn't be more delighted with the attendance figures and how this year's show turned out. The new venue has been well received and there was a great buzz live on the showfloor. We received really positive feedback from both visitors, who found new inspiration and packaging solutions, and exhibitors who expect to achieve significant ROI from the show. This fantastic response is demonstrated in the fact that 76% of the exhibitors have already booked for next year's show."


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Richard Walker is the Managing Director of Iceland Foods, tackling sustainability head on through the retail giant and his personal endeavours. Spearheading the industry in business, global retail and environmental issues, Walker is an undeniable leader in every aspect of his personal and professional career, undeterred by the velocity of the challenges he embarks on. As a speaker, Walker is ideal for a range of demographics, able to give insightful talks not only on brand success but corporate responsibility, a key topic for businesses of today.
As Managing Director of Iceland Foods, Walker took on the position in his family's business in 2018, determined to spearhead the retailer in a new, environmentally sustainable direction. Despite the company being a family asset, Walker was given no easy ride to the top, having spent his fair share of time working on the tills and stacking shelves for the brand, he has since proved himself a visionary business leader. As part of his dedication to conservation, Walker has introduced a number of initiatives as director, removing palm oil from all products, pledging to reduce plastic from own brand supplies by 2023 and acting as a trustee of the Iceland Food Charitable Foundation, a truly philanthropic businessman.
Prior to fronting the family business, Walker pursued his passion, choosing to study Economic and Social Geography at the highly regarded Durham University. Upon graduating, Walker travelled extensively, covering the four corners of the globe, and ensuring he became equally educated in the school of life. After returning to the UK, Walker worked in property for Jones Lang LaSalle, before founding his own investment business, ByWater Properties in 2006, and proving himself as a savvy and conscientious businessman in his own right.
Dedicating his time, resources and funds to the causes close to his heart, Walker is heavily invested in environmental sustainability. Taking on key roles in a number of charities and groups, including Fauna & Flora International, DEFRA's 'Council for Sustainable Business' and the Ocean Advisory Board for GreenPeace, Walker combines his business responsibility with his conservation work. Recognised for his continued contributions to the essential conversations, Walker was selected by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader. An engaging, thought provoking leader, audiences benefit undeniably from a keynote speech from Richard Walker.
How to hire Richard Walker
Contact the Champions Speakers agency to provisionally enquire about Richard Walker for your event today. Simply call a booking agent on 0207 1010 553 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
** We do not accept requests for autographs, signed merchandise, fan mail, birthday messages or any other non-commercial contact with the speakers or acts. Each speaker on the website may not have necessarily worked with Champions in the past but are known to perform such engagements within the industry.
When he's at corporate events, Richard is known to cover the following topics:
- Sustainability and environment
- Business management
- Leadership
- Entrepreneurship
- Retail environment
- Drive and determination
- Technology and innovation


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Sam Hunt, Lindsay Ell Share Thanksgiving Plans
November 22, 2017
Thanksgiving is the perfect time to give thanks, especially to the country artists we know and love. Related: Keith Urban's First Thanksgiving: 'I Couldn't Believe the Volume of Food' While Sam Hunt may be busy with his skyrocketing career, he's ready to enjoy the holiday with his wife, Hannah Lee Fowler. "This will be our first holiday spending it as a married couple," Hunt revealed. "Her family does a big Thanksgiving deal, my family does too." The pair married in April, but the big question: who's family will they spend Thanksgiving with this year? "We're close enough that we can just about do both," Hunt said. "She's from Alabama, I'm from Georgia, so we'll see how it works out this year." Fellow country star Lindsay Ell is ready for the holidays and her favorite tradition. "I love cooking with my mom. I love cooking Thanksgiving dinner, Christmas dinner, so I'll probably be slaving away in the kitchen," Ell shared. As if the 28-year-old singer weren't already relatable enough, she's got a thing for sweets. "I love pumpkin pie," Ell shared. "I kind of have a sweet tooth." Both of these artists are as sweet as pumpkin pie!