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Ciência Rural
Print version ISSN 0103-8478On-line version ISSN 1678-4596
Cienc. Rural vol.34 no.2 Santa Maria Mar./Apr. 2004
Control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites using pellets of the nematode-trapping fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium
Controle de nematóides parasitos gastrintestinais de bovinos com pellets do fungo predador de nematóides Monacrosporium thaumasium
Jackson Victor de AraújoI, 1; Marcos Pezzi GuimarãesII; Artur Kanadani CamposI; Nilo Chaves de SáI; Priscilla SartiI; Rafaela Carolina Lopes AssisI
IDepartamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Phone: 55 031 8991464, Fax: 55 031 8992314. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
IIInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, E.mail: email@example.com
The viability of a formulation of the fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium associated with ivermectin was evaluated for the biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites. Four groups of five calves each were placed in pastures with a stocking rate of 1.6 animal/hectare. In group 1 (control), the calves did not receive any treatment. In group 2, each animal received 20g of pellets of M. thaumasium orally twice a week during a six-month period that began with the onset of the rainy season (October 23, 2000). In group 3, each animal received 20g of pellets of M. thaumasium orally twice a week during the same period as 2, as well as two strategic treatments with ivermectin (200 mcg/kg) on May 10, 2001 and July 5, 2001. In group 4, the animals were treated with ivermectin alone as described for group 3. EPG counts for group 1 were significantly greater (P< 0.01) than those for groups 2 and 3 and the difference at the end of the study period was near 100%. The EPGs of group 4 animals remained high until the first strategic treatment with ivermectin. Values for groups 1 and 4 differed significantly (P< 0.05) from those of groups 2 and 3 from December 2000 onwards. It was concluded that the use of this dose and periodicity of application of M. thaumasium pellets makes the application of anthelminthic treatments unnecessary.
Key words: biological control, Monacrosporium thaumasium, nematodes, nematophagous fungi, pellets, bovine.
A viabilidade de uma formulação do fungo Monacrosporium thaumasium associada com ivermectina foi avaliada no controle biológico de nematóides parasitos gastrintestinais de bovinos. Quatro grupos de cinco bezerros foram colocados em pastagens com uma taxa de lotação de 1,6 animal/hectare. No grupo 1 (controle), os bezerros não receberam nenhum tratamento. No grupo 2, cada animal recebeu 20 g de pellets de M. thaumasium, via oral, duas vezes por semana e durante um período de seis meses que começou na estação chuvosa (23 de outubro, 2000). No grupo 3, cada animal recebeu 20g de pellets de M. thaumasium, via oral, duas vezes por semana e durante o mesmo período do grupo 2, assim como dois tratamentos estratégicos com ivermectina (200 mcg/kg) em 10 de maio de 2001 e em 5 de julho de 2001. No grupo 4, os animais foram tratados somente com ivermectina como descrito no grupo 3. As contagens de OPG dos animais do grupo 1 foram significativamente maiores (P< 0,01) do que os animais dos grupos 2 e 3 e a diferença no final do experimento foi próxima de 100%. Os OPGs dos animais do grupo 4 permaneceram altos até o primeiro tratamento estratégico com ivermectina. Os resultados do grupo 1 e 4 diferiram significativamente (P< 0,05) daqueles dos grupos 2 e 3 a partir de dezembro de 2000. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de pellets de M. thaumasium nesta dosagem e periodicidade de aplicação tornaram os tratamentos anti-helmínticos desnecessários.
Palavras-chave: controle biológico, Monacrosporium thaumasium, nematóides, fungos nematófagos, pellets, bovinos.
Helminth infections are a major concern among the factors that interfere with the development of cattle raising. They cause reduction in animal growth, death and excessive handling expenses, leading to low herd productivity and high economic losses. In Brazil, this problem increases as pasture conditions worsen, mainly in the dry season, or when high stocking rates in certain areas increase infection rate. Generally, most animals present subclinical infections due to acquired immunity, making it more difficult to quantify the effects of such conditions. In Southeastern Brazil, Cooperia and Haemonchus are the most prevalent bovine gastrointestinal nematodes genera, based on eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) counts, followed by members of the genus Oesophagostomum (ARAÚJO et al., 1998).
Non-chemotherapeutic approaches to the control of nematode parasites of livestock are no longer largely of academic interest and alternatives or adjuncts to anthelminthic drugs are now considered to be necessary. Significant advances have recently been made in the development of ruminant vaccines against parasites (MEEUSEN, 1996), in breeding of animals for parasite resistance (WOOLASTON & BAKER, 1996) and in biological control, particularly by exploiting nematophagous fungi (ARAÚJO et al., 1998). The last of these alternatives appears to be highly promising (WALLER & LARSEN, 1993).
These fungi are the most widely studied of the organisms used in nematode control and almost all of them effectively reduce laboratory populations of the parasites.
Their efficacy against nematodes on pastures has also been demonstreated (WALLER & LARSEN, 1993). Species of Monacrosporium (Hyphomycetales) can control phytonematodes, free-living nematodes and parasitic nematodes of cattle (ARAÚJO et al., 1992; GOMES et al., 1999).
The objective of the present study was to assess the viability of a formulation with the fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium associated with ivermectin in the biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites. This fungus was selected based on previous tests involving passages through the gastrointestinal tract (ARAÚJO et al., 1999) for field control of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes.
Infective Cooperia punctata (Trichostrongylidae), Haemonchus placei (Trichostrongylidae) and Oesophagostomum radiatum (Cyathostomidae) larvae (L3) were obtained from the faeces of calves naturally infected.
One isolate of nematode-trapping fungus M. thaumasium (NF 34a isolate) was obtained from Brazilian soil (Viçosa Minas Gerais state) and kept in small flasks containing 2% corn-meal-agar (2% CMA) at 4°C in Departamento de Veterinária Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Mycelium grown of the fungi was performed in liquid medium of KADO & HESKET (1970) after nine days of incubation at 25°C in the dark. Sodium alginate pellets were made as described by WALKER & CONNICK (1983) and modified by LACKEY et al. (1993).
Experimental design
The study was performed at an experimental farm of the Federal University of Viçosa, in the county of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, whose latitude is of 20° 45 20 S, longitude of 42° 52 40 W and is 649 m above sea level during the period of September 1, 2000 to August 31, 2001.
Twenty crossbred Holstein x Zebu calves of six months old were treated previously with two doses of ivermectin (200mcg kg-1), with an interval of two weeks. The animals grazed on molasses grass pastures (Melinis minutiflora) on the September 11, 2000. These pastures were naturally infested by gastrointestinal helminth stages due to previous grazing by infected calves and adult cattle. After a 21-day adaptation period and the last anthelmintic treatment, each calf was experimentally infected orally with 5,000 L3 each of C. punctata, H. placei and O. radiatum. Animals were randomly divided into four groups (1, 2, 3 and 4) of five calves each and placed on pastures at a stocking rate of 1.6 animal/hectare. In group 1 (control), the calves did not receive any treatment. In group 2, each animal received 20g of M. thaumasium pellets orally twice a week during a six-month period that began with the onset of the rainy season (October 23, 2000). In group 3, each animal received 20g of pellets of M. thaumasium orally twice a week during the same period as group 2, as well as two strategic treatments with ivermectin (200mcg kg-1) on May 10, 2001 and July 5, 2001. In group 4, the animals were treated with ivermectin alone as described for group 3.
After the administration of L3 to the calves, faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of each animal of all groups every fourteen days. Eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) values were determined according to the technique of GORDON & WHITILOCK (1939) and larvae were also cultured. The latter involved mixing 20g of faeces with fragmented vegetal coal and incubating at 26ºC for eight days, in order to collect infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematode parasites. These larvae were identified according to the criteria established by KEITH (1953). Samples of approximately 500g of pasture were collected at random points in each paddock at 14-day intervals and L3 recovered according to the technique described by LIMA et al. (1990). Five hundred grams of forage were dried in an oven at 100ºC for three days to calculate the dry matter content. The results obtained were then transformed into number of larvae per kg dry matter.
The monthly averages for minimum, median and maximum air temperature, monthly rainfall and relative air humidity were recorded. The data were transformed into logarithmic x+1 values to correct the average distortions and compared by analysis of variance.
The monthly average values of the EPG counts are shown in table 1. During the experiment, EPG counts for group 1 were significantly greater than those for groups 2 and 3 (P< 0.01). At the end of the six-month study period this difference was almost 100%. The EPG of group 4 calves remained high until the first strategic treatment with ivermectin (May 10, 2001). The EPG curves in group 1 and 4 animals showed peaks in March and May. In the EPG of group 3 calves appeared a short peak in March.
The percentage compositions of L3 larvae of different nematodes obtained after larval culture are presented in figure 1. The prevalence of Cooperia sp. was greater than that for the other nematodes in all groups, followed in descending order by Haemonchus sp., Oesophagostomum sp., Trichostrongylus sp. and Bunostomum sp.
The numbers of L3 per kg of pasture dry matter is presented in figure 2. Values for groups 1 and 4 differed significantly (P<0.05) from those of groups 2 and 3 from December 2000 onwards. Members of the genus Cooperia were most prevalent in all pastures.
Temperature, rainfall and relative humidity data from September 2000 to August 2001 are shown in figure 3.
Based on the results of the present study, this M. thaumasium isolate appears to be a promising agent for the biological control of bovine nematode parasites. The oral administration of pellets to the animals resulted in a pasture infestation control close to a 100% in Groups 2 and 3 animals (Table 1) during the last six months of the experiment (February-August 2001). In Group 3 (treated with fungus and an anthelminthic drug), the anthelminthic applications of the latter in May and June 2001 became almost unnecessary since EPG levels were low due to the action of the fungus and the short peak appeared in March was not significant. In Groups 1 and 4, the peaks appered in March and May showed that the pasture conditions were favorable to the development of helminth eggs and larvae, consequently increasing pasture contamination.
The use of nematophagous fungi in the biological control of animal helminth parasites can reduce pasture contamination, acting directly in the environment. HASHMI & CONNAN (1989) and WOLSTRUP et al. (1994) employed this, mainly, in the very beginning of the infective period, when the pasture conditions were adequate to the animal grazing, and at the same time were favorable to the development of helminths eggs and larvae, consequently increasing pasture contamination. Besides, in the region where the present study was conducted, the seasons of larger rainfall are those of the best pasture conditions, and highest mean temperatures. The development of fungi in an environment would be favored by high temperatures. Generally, the optimum temperature for development of Monacrosporium sp. range between 20 and 30ºC, according to ARAÚJO et al. (2000). ARAÚJO et al. (1998) tested the viability of an isolate of Arthrobotrys robusta in the biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites, in the same region as the present study. Calves were treated with two million conidia of this isolate, administered orally twice a week during four months, showed, in relation to the non-treated calves (control), 53.81% of reduction in the EPG (P<0.05) and a reduction of 70.45% (P< 0.05) on the number of worms recovered at necropsy of the tracer calves in the last three months of the experiment. The results showed that this isolate of A. robusta is a promising agent to be used in the biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites. ARAÚJO et al. (1999) were able to get this M. thaumasium isolate through the gastrointestinal tract of calves without loss of viability to prey infective H. placei larvae. ARAÚJO et al. (2000) performed experiments to determine whether M. thaumasium could survive encapsulation in sodium alginate and the effects of different temperatures and mineral salt. Pellets of sodium alginate were treated with paraffin, mineral salt or without these elements. They were put in Erlenmeyers flasks of 250ml at 4°C, room temperature, 25°C, 30°C and 35°C. Once a week, during 16 weeks, one pellet was put in the center of 8.5cm Petri dish containing 20ml of 2% potato dextrose agar and the radial growth was followed during nine days. The fungal pellets without paraffin, at 4°C, appeared to be the best treatment (P<0.01) and remained viable up to 16 weeks of storage. The pellets without paraffin induced higher growth than pellets with paraffin at room temperature as well as the pellets without mineral salt in all temperatures (P<0.01).
According to WALLER & LARSEN (1993), the application of fungi in nematode biocontrol helps the chemical control and should be administered not only when there is a prediction of greater pasture infestation by helminths eggs and larva, but also, when there would be better conditions for the fungi growth at the environment, this way preventing the clinical parasitism and the productivity losses, already supplying a sufficient number of larva to allow these animals to develop a naturally acquired immunity.
As demonstrated in the present study, the use of nematophagous fungi for biological control in the rainy season would prepare pastures for the dry season, the critical period for infection of calves in this region (FURLONG et al., 1985). At this time of year large numbers of larvae are available in the pastures while forage is most limited.
The Cooperia sp. predominance in relation to the other helminth genera was found in the counting of infective larvae per kg of pasture dry matter and in the faeces of the animals (Figures 3). These results probably reflect the greater resistance of the Cooperia sp. free life stages to the climatic variations and dry conditions, and the greater migratory capacity of these larva (REINECKE, 1960), besides the smaller requirements of pluvial precipitation in relation to Haemonchus sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. larvae (ROBERTS et al., 1952).
The results were analysed based on the overall experimental period and we conclude that this dose and periodicity of application of M. thaumasium pellets makes the use of other anthelminthic treatments unnecessary. The fungal formulation used in the present study proved to be a powerful tool for biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes of grazing calves under natural conditions.
The author wish to thank the FAPEMIG for the financial support for the accomplishment of this work.
ARAÚJO, J.V. et al. Controle de larvas infectantes de Haemonchus placei por fungos predadores da espécie Monacrosporium ellypsosporum em condições de laboratório. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v.44, p.521-526, 1992. [ Links ]
ARAÚJO, J.V.; GOMES, A.P.S.; GUIMARÃES, M.P. Biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites in southeastern Brazil by the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys robusta. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, v.7, p.117-122, 1998. [ Links ]
ARAÚJO, J.V.; STEPHANO, M.A.; SAMPAIO, W.M. Passage of nematode-trapping fungi through the gastrointestinal tract of calves. Veterinarski Arhiv, v.69, p.69-78, 1999. [ Links ]
ARAÚJO, J.V. et al. Effects of different temperatures and mineral salt on pellets of Monacrosporium thaumasium a nematode-trapping fungus. Veterinarski Arhiv, v.70, p.181-190, 2000. [ Links ]
FURLONG, J.; ABREU, H.G.L.; VERNEQUE, R.S. Parasitoses de bovinos na região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. I. Comportamento estacional de nematódeos gastrintestinais. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v.20, p.143-153, 1985. [ Links ]
GOMES, A.P.S.; ARAÚJO, J.V.; RIBEIRO, R.C.F. Differential in vitro pathogenicity of the genus Monacrosporium for phytonematodes, free-living nematodes and parasitic nematodes of cattle. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, v. 32, p.79-83, 1999. [ Links ]
GORDON, H.M.; WHITLOCK, H.V. A new technique for counting nematode eggs in sheep faeces. Journal of Council Science Industry Research, v.12, p.50-52, 1939. [ Links ]
HASHMI, H.A.; CONNAN, R.M. Biological control of ruminant Trichostrongylids by Arthrobotrys oligospora, predacious fungus. Parasitology Today, v.5, p.28-30, 1989. [ Links ]
KADO, C. I.; HESKET, M.G. Selective media for isolation of Agrobacterium, Corynebacterium, Erwinia, Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas. Phytopathology, v.60, p.969-976, 1970. [ Links ]
KEITH, R.K. The differentiation on the infective larvae of some common nematode parasites of cattle. Australian Journal of Zoology, v.1, p.223-235, 1953. [ Links ]
LACKEY, B.A.; MULDOON, A.E.; JAFFE, B.A. Alginate pellet formulation of Hirsutella rossiliensis for biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes. Biological Control, v.3, p.155-160, 1993. [ Links ]
LIMA, J.D. et al. Epidemiology of bovine nematode parasites in southeastern Brasil. In: GUERRERO, J.; LEANING,W.H.D. (Eds). Epidemiology of bovine nematode parasites in the americas. Maryland : MSD, 1990. p.49-64. [ Links ]
MEEUSEN, E. Rational design of nematode vaccines-natural antigens. International Journal for Parasitology, v.26, p.813-818, 1996. [ Links ]
REINECKE, R.K. A field study of some nematode parasites of bovines in a semi-arid area, with special reference to their biology and possible methods of prophylaxis. Onderstepoort Journal Veterinary Research, v.28, p.365-464, 1960. [ Links ]
ROBERTS, F.H.S.; OSULLIVAN, P.J.; RIEK, R.F. The epidemiology of parasitic gastro-enteritis of cattle. Australian Journal Agricultural Research, v. 3, p.187-226, 1952. [ Links ]
WALKER, H.L.; CONNICK, Jr. Sodium alginate for production and formulation of mycoherbicides. Weed Science, v.31, p.333-338, 1983. [ Links ]
WALLER, P.J.; LARSEN, M. The role of nematophagous fungi in the biological control of nematode parasites of livestock. International Journal for Parasitology, v.23, p.539-546, 1993. [ Links ]
WOLSTRUP, J. et al. An attempt to implement the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in biological control of trichostrongyle infections of first year grazing calves. Journal of Helminthology, v. 68, p.175-180, 1994. [ Links ]
WOOLASTON, R.R.; BAKER, R.L. Prospects of breeding for parasite resistance. International Journal for Parasitology, v.26, p.845-855, 1996. [ Links ]
Recebido para publicação 20.08.02
Aprovado em 21.05.03
FAPEMIG and CNPq financial support.
1 Corresponding author, grant of CNPq.


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Compromis: Case Concerning the Rotian Union (Adaria v. Bobbia/Cazalia/Dingoth/Ephraim/Finbar)
No national rounds held in 2007. Khazar University was the only Azerbaijani team registering for the 2007 Jessup. There are no team members we are aware of.
If you have an inquiry regarding the information, please reach us through the contact page.

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You must take good care of your back to ensure that your spinal cord and health are in perfect shape. Symptoms of spinal stenosis include numbness in your extremities and severe back pain. You can get immediate assistance from the Austin and Georgetown spinal stenosis specialists at Republic Spine & Pain if you are in Texas.
What is Spinal Stenosis?
Spinal stenosis is a condition that develops gradually to cause narrowing in your spinal cord, in your neck or lower back. This narrowing accounts for the immense strain on your spinal cord and nerve roots in your body. It can be caused by continuous strain on your back and spinal cord.
Causes of Spinal Stenosis
Most times, spinal stenosis is caused by age-related wear-and-tear or osteoarthritis. At the age of fifty, you are at a higher risk of suffering from this condition osteoporosis increases your chances of suffering from spinal stenosis after menopause.
You are also at a higher risk if you:
· Suffer from spondylarthritis
· Have spinal tumors
· Develop bone spurs along your spine
· Have an abnormally narrow spine from birth
· Have had a spine injury or spine surgery
Symptoms of Spinal Stenosis
The symptoms of spinal stenosis differ slightly from one patient to the next. In most cases, you can get agonizing pain or not, with the risk of symptoms getting more severe if left unchecked.
Spinal stenosis is responsible for increased pressure on the nerve roots that cause tingling and burning down on your legs and arms. In this case, you might get a hard time grasping objects due to your muscles.
If the condition is left unchecked for long periods, you might also:
· Experience some difficulty in walking
· Get severe pain in your neck or lower back.
· Suffer from sexual dysfunction
· Experience loss of bowel and bladder functions.
· Get shooting pains down your legs
Diagnosis of Spinal Stenosis
Republic Spine & Pain houses a team of qualified and certified specialists for pain management. During your diagnosis, you can tell more about your symptoms. Further tests are done using X-Ray imaging, CT, or MRI to determine the level of damage and possible remedy to help you live free of pain, irrespective of age.
Treatment of Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis should be treated in time to prevent the symptoms from getting worse. Republic Spine & Pain offers Vertiflex ® Superion®, a minimally invasive procedure that resolves compression through the implantation of a small device in the space between your vertebrae. The Superion serves as a proxy that minimizes pressure on connective tissues and nerves but effectively allows you to move freely.
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· Physical therapy
· Muscle relaxing medications
· Bracing
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
· Spine injections, such as corticosteroid shots
Your doctor drafts your treatment plan based on your individual needs to help you find relief from the condition while preventing it from progressing further. Besides conservative pain management, you may opt for surgical options to keep spinal stenosis in check.
Since there is no cure for spinal stenosis, you need to get the help of a doctor that uses a minimally invasive procedure to rid you of the pain. In that conjunction, you can schedule an exam at Republic Spine & Pain over the phone or through the website.


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Aston Villa fans on Twotter laud Bolasie after sublime piece of trickery
Whilst Yannick Bolasie and Aston Villa were on the wrong end of a monumental comeback yesterday, the fans had a huge jaw-drop moment when their Congolese winger pulled a piece of skill out of the bag that Jay-Jay Okocha would have been proud of.
We win as a team & lose as a team.
Not the way I wanted to go into Christmas but we will aim to pick up our form from previous performances and improve for our next match ahead. #UTV #AVFC #GodisGreat pic.twitter.com/TzDuXst588
— Yannick Bolasie (@YannickBolasie) December 23, 2018
Bolasie has always been known for having a touch of brilliance about him, and when you combine the on-loan Everton man's yard of pace with his level of skill it can become a deadly combination. Leeds United felt the full force of it yesterday when Bolasie pulled off one of the most audacious pieces of skill that we've seen this season, and it will certainly make the end of season highlight reel.
After a ball was overhit from the left, Bolasie found himself facing the touchline with both Luke Ayling and Adam Forshaw closing him. It looked like the winger had nowhere to go, and with Forshaw on his back, he could have won a free-kick. However, he pulled the ball back and flicked it through Ayling's legs, skipped through the gap between the two Leeds players and proceeded to whip a ball into the box. It didn't lead to anything, but it hard Villa fans everywhere on their feet and they'll be keen to see more of it from their tricky winger.
You can read the Villains' verdict on Bolasie's piece of brilliance here:
I genuinely can't believe that trick you did by the corner flag.. keep working hard
— The 12th Man (@joe_ridley) 23 December 2018
You and @jmcginn7 that standout players for #avfc tough one to swallow but there we go. That moment of skill though… wow.
— TweetShipper (@TweetShipper) December 23, 2018
Well played Yannick! And thanks for this early Christmas present pic.twitter.com/FDGdd2lnBp
— Simon Fairclough (@cloug4ie) 23 December 2018
That one bit of skill, fabulous. #UTV
— Pat Weir (@Pat_m_weir) December 23, 2018
MEGNUTS…so sweet! https://t.co/S1ejWYtfzP
— Rob (@9TeenAT5) 23 December 2018
Top effort today & your back heel nutmeg was almost worth the ticket on its own!
— anne-marie fern (@amfy) 23 December 2018
How tf did you do that skill
— Ismail Ahmed (@ismail_ahmed96) 23 December 2018
absolute sauce from you today o o f
— seb (@SebViIIa) December 23, 2018
There was simply nothing to do but marvel at Bolasie's brilliant piece of skill yesterday, and the fans will be keen to see more of that from their on-loan winger.
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$3.2 Million in Tuition Assistance Awarded to Education at Work Student Employees
Cincinnati, OH – Education at Work (EAW) student employees have earned $3,292,289 million in tax-free tuition assistance to date. Since its founding in 2012, EAW has been dedicated to helping college students graduate with as little debt as possible. The organization provides part-time jobs in a contact center environment that pay hourly wages and provide…Read More


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I'm a native Portuguese speaker with a strong passion to translate an English document to an elegant well-structured Portuguese text with excellent grammar.I've around 10 years of experience with the English language (talking with Americans and Canadians) and almost 2 years of experience in the Translation Industry.I've worked with clients worldwide, including agencies, companies, non-profit organizations and the general public.My specialization is technical translation for Computer Software and Hardware documents and technical and general translation for the Games Industry, but I also work with other types of documents depending on the terminology density - I've done literary translations and many general translations, including business contracts and partnership agreements, certificates, marketing messages, subtitle translation, blog posts and articles and some others.Communication is one of the most important aspects of any job. I enjoy negotiating fair prices and clear work terms, project goals and deadlines. I work hard to meet my client's deadlines and expectations. I only take jobs I know I can finish with top quality and I deliver what I promise.If you'd like to receive a quote for your project, email me the project details or a part of the project so I can analyze some elements like: document type, grammar, terminology etc.
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I hope somebody can help me. I have a 2002 Ford Windstar. Just replaced a TPS, went to town was coming back home, and all of a sudden it started to spit and sputter while in gear. But, in neutral she runs alright. I use mid-grade gas. I put in two cans of Seafoam in the tank. Wrecker operator smelled the exhaust and told me the it was too rich. My question is and this sounds stupid, could the previous owner. Had never replaced the fuel filter or if they did replaced it, that it was installed backwards. I drove it almost 20 miles before it died. I figured that the fuel in the gas line emptied and it refuse to go. And since it only runs good without strain on the engine
Is the Check Engine light on?
Wild guessing, while human nature, won't get to the root of the problem. This symptomology could be caused by a myriad of different problems. Start by having a reputable independently owned and operated shops diagnose the problem. In the long run, you'll likely save lots of money and aggravation.
Oh, and you may want to move this post from the "power/fuel" section to the "maintenance/repair" section. Having it in the more specific category of "power/fuel" may not field as many responses.
If a new fuel filter was installed backwards – if that is even mechanically possible – I don't think that would cause any problems. I'd guess fuel filters are pretty much symmetrical. As long as you didn't afterwards install it the right way, after having driven it. Which seems unlikely.
Drivability problems when the engine is under load but not at idle in neutral, I'd start with these
- Check the computer diagnostic codes for clues first
- No codes? Replace the engine air filter and fuel filter & check the fuel pressure.
- Replace spark plugs then check for good, hot spark, and check ignition timing
- Have the cat checked , it might be plugged up
It's not on now. About 200 miles back , I replaced the TIPS that threw up a check engine light. I reset the computer then, and. Drove it another 200 miles. Then this problem shows up.
Ok. I will do that. Kinda new at it.
Will do. When it died the last time, a little bit of black smoke came from under the van.
"When it died the last time, a little bit of black smoke came from under the van."
That's a good clue. It suggests that the engine probably got a transient shot of too much fuel. That would, to me, suggest either a malfunctioning sensor or faulty fuel pressure regulator. It's also possible… even likely now that I think about it… that you have an injector sticking. That would be consistent with the observation the wrecker driver made that he smelled raw fuel in the exhaust.


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Violence and Royal Authority in the Seventeenth Century
Violence and Royal Authority in the Seventeenth Century
Unlike his predecessor, King Henri IV of France was a man whom even his enemies could respect; a fearless warrior and bon viveur who placed politics above religious scruple. Indeed after the final submission of the League in 1598, many former enemies became his comrades in debauchery. He was an active and efficient peacemaker, intervening personally in disputes, reviving the authority of the constable, promulgating two edicts against duelling, and sponsoring the idea of publicly funded attorneys for the poor. Yet there is compelling evidence for the continuation of feuding and the rise in the incidence of duels involving the nobles. This chapter examines violence and how royal authority in France intervened in feuds during the 17th century, violent acts committed by the noblesse de robe, violence against fiscal officials, and the king's concern for the repression of the injustice and oppression of the grandees.
Keywords: France, violence, royal authority, feuding, duelling, disputes, nobles, repression
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Did you know?African American infants are 2 times more likely than White infants to be delivered preterm or at a low birth rate?
Want to know how to reverse the trend? Come to iDream's National Prematurity Month launch party and watch the film screening of When the Bough Breaks, a 29-minute episode on black infant mortality. Hear the stories of college graduates, including mothers who experienced adverse birth outcomes and a few millennial leaders who are changing the direction of healthcare leadership.
RSVP online at idreamnow.org/?p=316.
5-10 Volunteers needed from 6 pm – 10 pm and help with set-up, clean-up, direct guests to parking, onsite registration and more. Free drinks, sandwiches, salad and chips will be provided.


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Supporting efforts to stop gun violence in schools
MEA is committed to ongoing efforts to stop gun violence in our schools – see below for updates on how you can support the cause.
MEA is committed to ongoing efforts to stop gun violence in our schools – see below for updates on how you can support the cause.
EAST LANSING – The Michigan Education Association is pleased to announce recommendations from our Statewide Screening & Recommendation Committee for Jocelyn Benson for Secretary of State and Dana Nessel for Attorney General.
MEA is strongly opposing a bill that would attach A-F letter grades to schools – a move that would only serve to worsen the current over-emphasis on standardized test scores and slap stigmatizing labels on schools in high-need communities.
MEA member Jody Mackey's middle school students in Traverse City are used to doing news interviews, often on camera, as part of their digital media class. But this video project was different.
From newspaper editorial pages, to social media hashtags and MEA's petition drive, our members are raising their voices against calls by President Donald Trump to arm teachers – especially given that such a proposal has already passed the state Senate in Michigan.
Some state lawmakers think more guns are the answer to school shootings. They would arm school employees – and visitors – with concealed weapons, despite opposition from the vast majority of parents and educators who understand such a plan is a recipe for disaster.
On Saturday, a coalition of Michigan labor unions and allied groups are organizing a teach-in to highlight the connection between the Labor Movement and Civil Rights. "Labor and Civil Rights: The Tie That Binds" will be held from 10:30 a.m. to 1:30 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 24, at the Northwest Activity Center (18100 Meyers Rd., Detroit, 48235).
State Sen. Hoon-Yung Hopgood is hosting a townhall in Taylor on Tuesday, Feb. 27, regarding the recently introduced "TeA+chers for Michigan" legislation. These 22 bills include key pieces of legislation about preparing, attracting, and retaining Michigan's best educators.
February 21, 2018
By PAULA HERBART/President – Michigan Education Association
Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. Seventeen students and staff dead. Fourteen more wounded.
Marshall County High School in Kentucky. Two students dead, 18 wounded.
In this issue:


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Wild Turkey Launches Collaboration with Matthew McConaughey – Introducing Wild Turkey Longbranch.
Collaborations are all the rage at the moment but few will go down smoother than Wild Turkey's new match-up with Matthew McConaughey.
Wild Turkey Longbranch is a coming together of the Kentucky bourbon distiller, established in 1855, and the Academy Award winning actor from Texas.
Inspired by Matthew's Southern roots, Longbranch is made with eight-year-old Wild Turkey Bourbon and uses a two-step charcoal filtration method using woods from both U.S. states.
The result is a bright gold bourbon that features a tasty balance of vanilla and spices, with a subtle, smoky finish.
"Longbranch, in its simplest form, is an extended hand, inviting a friend into your family,' McConaughey says, who has been working with Wild Turkey master distiller Eddie Russell since 2016 . "So the branch that was extended to me from the Russell family was a long one, one that reached from Kentucky to Texas and back again."
Wild Turkey Longbranch is available from liquor stores nationwide. RRP $59.99.


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February 4, 2010
About twenty years ago, when discussing our great nation with a lawyer in my office (about my age, one of very few I liked in that or any other office), I said "the 48 continuous states", not as a joke. He corrected my gaffe with a sardonic laugh, and, I think, a touch of sincere eyebrow-raising derision, to "contiguous". I was wholly mortified but feigned an easygoing laugh. A few years later, when I no longer worked there, someone told me he jumped nine floors from that office to his death, landing atop a car parked alongside the building. Coincidence?


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What are loans with Financial Credit Institutions?
The loans with Financial Credit Institutions, are a financial product that allow the applicant to obtain money in their account almost immediately. Given that the financial entities dedicated to offering this type of services, approve the request, in a period of less than 24 hours.
A fundamental characteristic of this type of credit is that the amounts granted are low, to ensure that the applicant can make payments on time. Thus avoiding delays that can generate serious legal and financial consequences for the debtor.
This type of financing allows the applicant convenient and practical options to make the payment of the fees established in the contract, the most widely used are bank transfer and credit card. In relation to the return time, it must be said that each company has the power to choose the period that it will give the debtor to make the return. However, companies generally estimate a maximum period of 90 days to execute the total refund.
Advantages of credits with Financial Credit Institutions
Generally, urgent online credits have a wide list of advantages, among which convenience, speed and security stand out. Fast loans, unlike traditional credit systems, rely on technology to offer the applicant the possibility of fulfilling the requirement without having to mobilize, saving time and effort. Also, being credits intended to solve urgent money problems, companies have designed a really fast allocation structure. Thus, if the credit is approved, the person will be able to receive the money in their account practically automatically.
Another benefit of this type of tool is the security it offers to the interested party, since all the procedures are carried out through a secure platform, which guarantees and protects the information provided by the applicant.
What is the procedure to request a credit with Financial Credit Institutions?
When applying for credit, the person tends to focus his interest in obtaining the money, downplaying a key element, such as the ability to pay that he has. So, before applying for a loan, it is very important to be sure that we have a financial guarantee that allows us to promptly meet the scheduled payments. Once this is clear, requesting a quick credit will be easier than you imagine, since the procedure is easy and the requirements are very few. If for some reason you are or have been included in a list of defaulters, but you must solve an urgent liquidity problem, personal loans with Financial Credit Institutions are the perfect option.
The application procedure can be completed in a few steps, the only thing you need to formalize the request is to have on hand a device with internet access and the documentation required by the financial institution. The process is completely online, so you do not have to worry about the hours of service, since at any time you can enter the provider's portal and complete the application.
The necessary requirements to process the allocation are, to correctly fill in the form offered on the financial entity's web portal, to present documentation that confirms the possession of constant income, an active mobile phone number, a bank account in which the Applicant appears with holder and be of legal age. Once the applicant submits the requirements, the company proceeds to verify the information and if everything is in order, the approval is carried out. Subsequently, the client receives the money in his account without any setbacks.
What are the main reasons people request fast credits?
Generally, the interested parties decide to apply for a loan when they must resolve an emergency or repair that is not foreseen, such is the case of an illness, repairs either to the home or car, or to take advantage of a certain opportunity. Taking into account that no one is exempt from experiencing a broken pipe at home that puts the safety of the home at risk or an unexpected crash that affects the proper functioning of our means of transport.
Likewise, people opt for urgent online credits, when they must make scheduled disbursements that cannot wait, such as the payment of a course registration, which has a registration deadline. In this way, these types of loans become a great ally.


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Day 959 – Kuah
Day 959 6th March 2019 11 Miles ( Kuah) Average speed 8mph top speed 23 mph A nice relaxing day. I got up at 9 for coffee and toast, did my washing and read in my hammock. I left at 2.15 as Pauline was tired and didn't want to go to the beach. I went … [Read more…]


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Cisco's Small Business Portfolio is ready to help you profitability address today's small business challenges.
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The saga of the driveway continues. It took until today (a whole week) for UPS to come out and inspect the damage. Now it's been turned over to their insurance company. I have a feeling the footprints will be there for awhile. I laugh every time I see them. What could he have been thinking?
Calendar news: I'll start taking orders within the week. Scott suggested that people prepay in order to get their beagles' names in the calendar, but we're all beagle people here so let's just observe the honor system. A huge thanks goes out to Bailey n Gypsy's dad, Ron, who is going to print the calendar at no cost. All together now, "Arooooo!!!"


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The unfortunate reality of the COVID-19 crisis continues to make an in-person meeting of this size untenable at this time. We also understand the ongoing travel restrictions many of our attendees are under. AHLA has decided to convert the Physicians and Hospitals Law Institute to a virtual program! We know that the work you are doing to advise and support the health care industry is critical during this difficult time. AHLA is working hard to develop the educational resources you need. We value your loyalty to and involvement in AHLA and hope you will make plans to join us online.
In-depth breakout sessions at the Physicians and Hospitals Law Institute will focus on legal challenges faced by physicians and their counsel, the legal challenges faced by hospitals and health systems and their counsel, and the legal issues of interest to both segments of the health care delivery system. Topic areas covered at this program include physician arrangements, compliance, fair market value, fraud, transactions, medical staff issues, and health information and technology.
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BCCI's plan to organise a four-nation Super Series annually has hit a roadblock after reservations from Cricket Australia (CA) and England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB). BCCI president Sourav Ganguly had said the cricket board has spoken to CA and ECB for a four-nation tournament involving India, Australia, England and a fourth team that slated for 2021.

But the plan, for the time being, will have to wait. "We are looking at the 4-nation series and our officials have also had a word with the ECB officials in December as well as the Cricket Australia officials when they were here in January," a BCCI source told IANS. "But, there are certain reservations and issues that need sorting before we can go ahead and enter the next stage of planning. We may need to wait a little."

In recent months, there had been positive statements from CA and ECB regarding the series despite concerns how it will impact the already jam-packed international cricket calendar. "We all understand the schedule in world cricket is really tight, so I am sure there will be lots of negotiation and there are people, that's their role to negotiate and get that right. But we all know it is a tight schedule," Australia head coach Justin Langer had said of the proposed tournament.

Moreover, it will require the approval of the International Cricket Council (ICC) which in turn is itself keen on introducing an annual flagship tournament for its next FTP Cycle running from 2023 to 2031.


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The event has been postponed.
Houston Auto Show is the largest auto show of the South.
Houston Auto Show is a premier auto show in the state related to automotive industry. This regional event is set to start on 27 January 2021, Wednesday in Houston, TX, United States, and organized by Houston Automobile Dealers Association.
January 27-31, 2021
Click here to see the venue on google map for directions.
1 NRG Park, Houston, TX, United States
+1 832-667-1400
+1 832-667-1714
getsocial {at} nrgpark.com
1650 TX-6, Sugar Land, TX, United States
+1 281-980-3434
+1 281-980-2608
info {at} houstoncardealers.com
Wednesday: Noon - 9:30 pm
Thursday: Noon - 9:30 pm
Friday: Noon - 9:30 pm
Saturday: 10:00 am - 9:30 pm
Sunday: 10:00 am - 7:00 pm
Adults: $12
Children (6-12): $5.00
Children under 6: Free
Prices shown here are generally door prices. There can be advance tickets.
NRG Park charges $15.00 for parking.
*subject to change
Yes, this auto show is open to the public.
The category of this auto show is automotive.
Frequency of the event is annual (every year).
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The type of this auto show is consumer show.
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Price: $15.00 USD
Quantity: 1 available
Book Condition: Very Good
439 pp, lg 8vo (9 1/2" H). Pictorial endpapers, b&w photographs, reproductions. "Louis Napoleon, nephew of the famous Bonaparte, is one of the most colorful historical actors of the nineteenth century. Bohemian, adventurer and compulsive Don Juan, he managed to the astonishment of virtually everyone to be elected President of France in 1848 and within three years staged the coup d'etat that made him emperor." Previous owner's name/date in ink on free front endpaper, light wrinkling at top/bottom of spine, slight fading at top edge of front board. Dust jacket has some areas of light edge wrinkling; light browning at some edges; some light fading to front panel (top edge and at front flap-fold area) and flap-folds.
Title: NAPOLEON III AND HIS CARNIVAL EMPIRE.
Categories: History and Travel, Military - Victorian Era, Royalty,
Edition: Book Club Edition
Publisher: New York, St. Martin's Press: 1988
ISBN Number: 0312018274
ISBN Number 13: 9780312018276
Binding: Hard Cover
Book Condition: Very Good
Jacket Condition: Very Good-
Item: 1.00 Item
Seller ID: 24235
Keywords: Napoleon III, Emperor of French, France, Kings, Rulers, Biography, Second Empire, Hortense De Beauharnais, Otto Von Bismarck, Bathilde Bonaparte, Napoleon Joseph Bonaparte, Camillo Cavour, Victor Emmanuel, Jean Gilbert Fialin, Emile Fleury, Harriet Howard, Louis-Philippe, Dona Maria Manuela, Ferdinand Maximilian, Eugenie Montijo, Charles De Morny, Felice Orsini, Charles Denis Parquin, Alexandre Florian Walewski, Wilhelm I, Italy, Boulogne, Marriage, Mexico, Sadowa, Sedan, Exile, Politics, Diplomacy, War, Revolution, Countess Castiglione, Marguerite Bellanger, Royal Families.,


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July 1 - July 23, 2021
Dates include move-in and move-out days (if needed).
Applications open on December 1, 2020.
Residential and commuter options (if in-person)
Non-credit program
Eligibility: Current 9th-11th grade students
International students welcome
Financial aid for select Philadelphia students
The Social Justice Research Academy brings students from around the world together for three weeks to dive deep into the past, present, and future of social justice. Designed to encourage discussion and critical thinking about the political, historical, and cultural context of inequality and resistance, the program welcomes students with a variety of academic interests across the social sciences, humanities, and arts. Topics vary from year to year but include a selection of significant historical struggles (the American Revolution, slavery and abolition, suffrage, labor, civil rights) as well as those that define our recent past and present (climate change, immigration and refugee/asylum policy, LGBTQ rights, #BlackLivesMatter, disability studies, interfaith leadership, intersectionality, affordable housing, prison reform, #MeToo, food deserts, social distancing as a privilege, access to health care). As they explore the characteristics of effective community leadership and successful movement-building, students develop leadership skills as well as research and analytical skills.
The Social Justice Research Academy has traditionally been an on-campus, in-person experience. Because of COVID-19, the program was delivered entirely online during the summer of 2020, with great success! No decisions regarding delivery (on-campus or online) have been made yet about the summer of 2021.
If you attend a School District of Philadelphia public or charter high school, you may be eligible to attend a Penn Summer Academy free of charge with a Penn Summer Scholarship.
Lectures and workshops: Attend online classes and conversations led by Penn faculty and Teaching Fellows as well as community leaders, political representatives and experts from a range of subjects. Ask questions, debate issues, and participate in lively class discussions as you develop specialized knowledge and leadership skills. Students will have online access to Penn's Van Pelt Library and other University resources, including the program's Canvas course website for additional content and homework assignments, and daily Zoom class meetings with teaching staff and guest speakers.
As a result of the transition to an online program this summer, we will have a Monday - Friday schedule geared primarily for different US time zones: 11-5 p.m. EST with a break for lunch. All Zoom class sessions (including large and small group discussion meetings) will be synchronous to help foster a sense of community and engagement, and every session will be recorded. We will strive to make arrangements for international students.
Virtual site visits: Tour historical and cultural landmarks in Philadelphia such as the National Constitution Center and Independence Hall, Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church, Chinatown, and visit nonprofit organizations for service-learning activities such as the Mural Arts Program and Philabundance.
Capstone project: Drawing from coursework and your own interests, develop a research question around program themes. Explore the answer to your research question using the University's world-class resources and guidance from Teaching Fellows. Capstone projects can take the form of a traditional academic paper or a creative project in the medium of your choosing and could include a project in your own community. Previous capstone projects have included: a paper on Hollywood's portrayal of Asians in film and subsequent stereotypes, a spoken word performance surrounding gun deaths among Black men in Philadelphia, a video on redlining, a slide show about the reception of American Muslim women who wear a hijab or not, a statistical comparison of international human rights laws and violations, a graphic novel comparing sex education in China to that in the US, an immersive art installation depicting sweatshop conditions, and a restaurant business plan offering job training for the homeless.
Read an article from Penn News Today about the 2017 Social Justice Academy class experience.
See this program's 2020 syllabus (PDF).
Penn Summer online system requirements
We recommend that all operating systems, browsers, Flash, and other software be up to date before the start of each online class. Most courses use Canvas for assignments, discussion, and watching video, and synchronous sessions can happen in a variety of platforms. Students will receive all important information before the beginning of class.
Program Director: R. Scott Hanson
R. Scott Hanson is a lecturer in the Department of History at the University of Pennsylvania, where he teaches courses in American history on a range of topics. He earned his PhD from the University of Chicago in 2002 and has been at Penn since 2012. Dr. Hanson is also an affiliate of the Pluralism Project at Harvard University and the author of City of Gods: Religious Freedom, Immigration, and Pluralism in Flushing, Queens (New York: Fordham University Press, 2016).


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text: All the CDE's (Wildlife, Wood Working & Poultry) scheduled for Monday, February 11th will be located at *Murray County High School*. We will not have these events at Dalton this year. I'm sorry for the schedule change. Please call our office with any questions or concerns. -- Christa Steinkamp North Region FFA - Area Livestock Teacher 204 Four Towers Building, UGA Athens, GA 30602 [log in to unmask] www.northregionaged.org 706.552.4463 ofc 706.552.4462 fax


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How did Zimbardo originally think of or conceptualize the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Zimbardo coined the term "Stanford Prison Experiment" and theobjective of the project was to examine how readily individuals wouldimitate to the roles of the guard and prisoner in a role-playingworkout that replicated the prison life (Heney et al., 1973 Drury etal., 2012 Krenning, 2007). The project was first seen from being alittle social psychology demonstration but turned to focus on theinfluential power over persons in groups.
How did Zimbardo see this experiment in relation to Stanley Milgram's Yale Obedience Study?
In the first place, the experiment was more of social psychologydemonstration, while the Milgram study was the power of thesituation. According to Zimbardo, Milgram's work focused onone-on-one social power, while the prison experiment focused oninstitutional power over individual behavior in groups.
What was some of the historical context or relevance in Zimbardo specifically selecting a simulated prison as the context for his social experiment?
One was the two real prison demonstration and the second wasChronology piece that produced a compelling documentary called[prisoner] 819 Dis a Bad Thing. Another historical context that madeZimbardo select simulated prison for his social experiment was Atticauprising because of the murder of George Jackson, and this madeprisons became hot. The demonstration had a profound impact ofinstitutional forces on the behavior of the standard. Similarly, toachieve their objective of their experiment, Zimbardo, and hiscolleagues sought to determine to what the violence and anti-socialbehaviors often found in prisons can be traced to the "bad apples"that go into prison and can corrupt the conduct of a real ordinarypeople.
What are some of the ethical issues or concerns of the Stanford Prison Experiment that Zimbardo identifies/acknowledges in his responses to the interviewers in this article?
One of the ethical problems that Zimbardo identifies is that peoplemight get stressed, however, at the end of the day, one the learnersaid that he was never shocked. Besides, there was fear of believingthat you had shocked while you were going through the experience. Onthe other hand, every question was unethical in the sense that theboys had emotional breakdowns and those that did not have nervousbreakdown were blindly obedient to corrupt authority by the guards.Other ethical issues include participants playing the role ofprisoners were not protected from psychological harm (Zimbardo etal., 1971 Zimberdo, 2001).
How has Zimbardo applied the lessons of the experiment to more recent examples of evil acts or specific headlines (e.g. in politics, war crimes, etc.)?
One of the examples where Zimbardo applied the lesson learned fromthe experiment was when he started anti-Vietnam teach-ins held at theUniversity of Michigan. Zimbardo provided the knowledge on theconsequences of the war, and this made him the political activist.Secondly, when Robert Mc Namara was given honorary degree, yet he wasone of the principal architects of the war, Zimbardo organized apeaceful and respectful walk out together with faculty, students, andparents.
How is anonymity related to deindividuation, according to additional research Zimbardo conducted since the Stanford Prison Experiment (e.g. NYU study)?
Anonymity is related to deindividuation in the sense that when aperson or healthy individuals make themselves anonymous, thissituation will give them permission to do evil things. This isbecause the general human nature is that good and evil come to us buthowever changing the external appearance is enough to modify themorality. Similar to deindividuation, where Zimbardo provides anexample that women who are made to feel anonymous, in the groupsetting, given a chance to inflict pain, exert pain twice as muchcompared to those women who were identifiable. Besides,deindividuation is a necessary process that, for instance, in prison,it puts people in uniform, talking their name away, and giving them anumber.
How did Zimbardo get involved in exploring heroism and more positive aspects of psychology?
Zimbardo gets involved in exploring heroism when he was invited togive a talk on the journey from evil to heroism, yet heroism does notseem to exist in the positive psychology. Author like Peterson dwellson strength and virtues, however, he does not mention bravery. ToZimbardo, heroism is the transformation of compassion into a socialaction. Therefore, to him, there is no way one can have the positivepsychology that does not impact behavior. He believed that otherfactors of positive psychology include altruism, compassion, andempathy. Heroism is the civic virtue that is the transformation ofprivate virtues into action (Zimbardo et al., 2001).
In what way do the results of the Stanford Prison Experiment reflect Zimbardo's quote from the article that, "the prison study was a demonstration of how good people can do bad things"?
The result from Stanford Prison Experiment indicated that ordinarypeople can be influenced by villains and drug dealers to do badthings (Drury et al., 2012). However, these individuals when taughtto be everyday wise and effective heroes in very precise ways, usingcognitive psychology, awareness of bias, awareness of in-attentionalblindness, awareness of illusions, and outreach of bystander effectcan change the social psychology of an individual.
In what ways does Zimbardo's heroism work suggest that heroism can be taught or socialized within a society?
According to Zimbardo's heroism work, an organized, important, andresourceful program that fortifies the general public against thelore of the dark side can inspire the society to brighter side andwill teach people how to be powerful heroes (Drury et al., 2012).They have achieved through their Web Site, where they teach usingvideo clips, the online education program that will fortify youthsagainst the powerful influences of those in the dark side and inspirethem to the brighter side if heroism. In this case, heroism islearnable, coachable, and should be pervasive.
Open comments: Share any new insights you learned about Zimbardo or his famous experiment after reading this interview.
According to this interview, I think that Mr. Zimbardo was attemptingto show what occurred when all of the eccentricity and dignity wasunprotected away from a human, and their life was entirelycontrolled. Similarly, he wanted to show that dehumanization andloosening of social and moral values that can happen to guardsimmersed in the situation like riots. On the other hand, humanpersonality as well as strength and agility varies greatly withinmankind.
Drury et al. (2012). Philip G. Zimbardo on his Career and theStanford Prison Experiment's 40TH Anniversary.History of Psychology, 2012, Vol. 15 (2) 161-170.
Krenning, L. (2007). The Stanford Prison Experiment. Print.
Haney et al. (1973). Interpersonal Dynamics in a Simulated Prison. International Journal of Criminology and Penology, Vol. 1 69-79.
Zimbardo, P., Haney, C., Banks, C., and Jaffe, D. (1971). TheStanford Prison Experiment: A Simulation Study of the Psychology ofImprisonment. Stanford University.
Zimbardo, P. (2002). On the Ethics of Intervention in HumanPsychological Research: With Special Reference to the Stanford PrisonExperiment. Internet Resource.
Zimbardo, P., Maslach, C., and Haney, C. (2001). Chapter 11:Reflections on the Stanford Prison Experiment: Genesis,Transformations, and Consequences. Internet resource.


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Generate Reports
InsightAppSec allows you to generate vulnerability reports so you can provide status updates to stakeholders within your organization. The Generate Report feature respects any filters applied to your vulnerabilities table and you can choose the format and level of detail in the reports based on your audience.
Generate a report
- Select an App and a Scan for which you wish to generate a report.
- On the Scan overview page, click the Generate Report link in the upper right side of the screen.
Filter vulnerabilities
If you wish to report on only a subset of vulnerabilities, you can apply filters on the vulnerabilities table and select the checkboxes for the relevant vulnerabilities.
The "Generate Report" panel appears.
- Provide a name for this report.
- If you wish to include ignored vulnerabilities in this report, enable the Include Ignored Vulnerabilities switch.
- Select the report type followed by the report format from the "Report Types" list.
- Click the Generate Report button.
- If you selected an HTML report, it will auto-generate and open in a new tab.
- If you selected a PDF report, the "Generate Report" panel will close and you will see a message on-screen while the PDF report generates. When the report is ready, it will download in your browser.
Report types
These are the report types available in InsightAppSec.
Generated reports are advisory only
InsightAppSec reports are advisory only. If a report is generated showing no vulnerabilities, or low severity or safe vulnerabilities, this should not be taken as affirmation of compliance.
Executive Summary
The Executive Summary is an overview of your app. The report contains data on risk, number of vulnerabilities, vulnerabilities by severity and status, number of scans, the average time of a scan, and the success of scans over time. This report can only be generated from the App screen.
Vulnerabilities Summary
The Vulnerabilities Summary is an overview of the vulnerabilities found in the app during the scan. The report is organized by vulnerability and the number of vulnerabilities found during the scan for the app.
Vulnerabilities with Remediation Report
The Vulnerabilities with Remediation report contains all vulnerabilities found in an app from the chosen scan and the recommended remediation. Before making the report, you can use a filter to focus on certain vulnerabilities. Within the report, you can view the attack type, recommendation, and replay the attack using the Rapid7 Chrome Plugin.
Payment Card Industry Report (PCI Report)
The Payment Card Industry report helps you prepare for an audit, an assessment, or a questionnaire around PCI compliance. Uncovering potential issues that will affect the outcome of any of these exercises allows you to take action and secure critical vulnerabilities on any assets that deal with payment card data.
OWASP 2013 Report
The OWASP 2013 Report shows the top 10 OWASP issues and whether you passed or failed on each for the scan. It also shows vulnerabilities within each of the top 10 issues along with the response and request data for the vulnerability.
OWASP 2017 Report
The OWASP 2017 Report shows the top 10 OWASP issues and whether you passed or failed on each for the scan. It also shows vulnerabilities within each of the top 10 issues along with the response and request data for the vulnerability.
SOX Report
The SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance) details compliance issues and whether you passed or failed on each, for that particular scan. The report shows each requirement and the details of the vulnerabilities that caused you to fail, if you did.
HIPAA Compliance Results
The HIPAA compliance report shows each requirement, if you passed or failed, and the details of the vulnerabilities that cause you to fail, if you did.
GDPR Report
The GDPR report provides an advisory report showing how vulnerabilities in scanned targets might jeopardize your GDPR compliance and highlights which vulnerabilities need to be addressed.


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Wishes a-plenty for 2020
By Nancy Ford OK, gang, we've had almost a month to get used to writing 2020 on our checks. But does anybody still write checks in this high-tech, low environmental impact days of online payment and direct deposit? More importantly, how are you doing with those resolutions? It's an unfortunate fact that once we get