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Case Report ARTICLE
Using Corticomuscular Coherence to Reflect Function Recovery of Paretic Upper Limb after Stroke: A Case Study
- 1State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- 2The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- 3The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Purpose: Motor deficits after stroke are supposed to arise from the reduced neural drive from the brain to muscles. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of reflecting the motor function improvement after stroke with the measurement of corticomuscular coherence (CMC) in an individual subject.
Method: A stroke patient was recruited to participate in an experiment before and after the function recovery of his paretic upper limb, respectively. An elbow flexion task with a constant muscle contraction level was involved in the experiment. Electromyography and electroencephalography signals were recorded simultaneously to estimate the CMC. The non-parameter statistical analysis was used to test the significance of CMC differences between the first and second times of experiments.
Result: The strongest corticomuscular coupling emerged at the motor cortex contralateral to the contracting muscles for both the affected and unaffected limbs. The strength of the corticomuscular coupling between activities from the paretic limb muscles and the contralateral motor cortex for the second time of experiment increased significantly compared with that for the first time. However, the CMC of the unaffected limb had no significant changes between two times of experiments.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the increased corticomuscular coupling strength resulted from the motor function restoration of the paretic limb. The measure of CMC can reflect the recovery of motor function after stroke by quantifying interactions between activities from the motor cortex and controlled muscles.
Stroke is one of the major diseases that cause long-term motor deficits of adults (1). However, our poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying motor impairments after stroke limits greatly the development of effective intervention and evaluation methods. In general, motor impairments after stroke are deemed to arise from changes in both neural and muscle properties. Poststroke changes in the neural system have been studied from different points of view such as the decreased excitability of the affected cortex (2, 3) and the increased inhibitory effect from the unaffected hemisphere on the affected hemisphere (4). Spasm and flaccid paresis of muscles are believed to result from the loss of control input from the brain at different phases after stroke. Even though stroke survivors have been demonstrated to have significant descending information flow in the affected side during the chronic period (5), there is evidence that poststroke impairments reflect the reduced central neural drive to muscles. Mima et al. and Fang et al. found that the functional coupling between cortical commands and consequent muscle activities of stroke subjects were weaker than that of healthy controls (6, 7). The conduction time from the central cortical rhythm to peripheral oscillations in the affected side was significantly prolonged compared with that of the unaffected side after stroke (8).
It is believed that stroke interrupts the motor-related neural network and then reduces the neural drive to the muscles. The coherent activities between the motor cortex and the muscles are believed to reflect the synchronized discharge of corticospinal cells (9). It can be estimated by analyzing the frequency domain coherence (10) between electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals termed as corticomuscular coherence (CMC). Although previous studies have demonstrated that the CMC strength of poststroke subjects was weaker than that of healthy controls, it is still not clear whether the corticomuscular coupling will enhance along with the motor function recovery to directly reflect the motor function state of paretic limbs after stroke. In the current study, a poststroke patient was recruited to participate in two times of experiments involving an elbow flexion task. The time interval between two times of experiments was determined to guarantee that the patient had obtained an obvious motor function recovery of the affected upper extremity. CMC from two times of experiments was estimated and compared to verify whether motor function recovery can be reflected by the change of corticomuscular coupling strength.
Experiment and Subject
An elbow flexion task was designed for the stroke patient because only poor rehabilitation outcomes can be generally obtained for hand. The force applied by the elbow flexion was monitored by a strain gage and fed back to the patient visually to help him finish the task with moderate and constant muscle contractions (11), because coherence analyses (12, 13) have demonstrated that the coupling is most pronounced in the beta-band range during steady muscle contractions and the beta-band CMC is assumed to be associated with strategies for controlling submaximal muscle forces (12, 14, 15). The designed motion task and the visual feedback information on screen are illustrated in Figures 1A,B, respectively. A trial was initiated when a circle and a target ring showed on screen and was over when they disappeared. Each trial lasted 11 s and there was a 2-s long interval between adjacent trials. Each run contained 20 trials and each side of upper limbs performed two runs, respectively. The subject practiced before data recording until the target force could be reached within the first 2 s of each trial.
Figure 1. The motion task of elbow flexion (A) and the visual feedback information on screen (B). When the biceps brachii contracts, the wrist will press the strain gage and the force level can be detected. The circle can be shifted vertically by applying force to the strain gage and the position of the ring is fixed. The subject was requested to move the circle into the ring as soon as possible when a trial started and maintain the force until the end of a trial when the circle and the ring both disappeared. The force needed to shift the circle into the ring was 3 N.
The Net Amps 300 system together with a polygraph input box (Electrical Geodesics Inc.) was selected to amplify the EEG and EMG signals. An elastic cap that has 128 electrodes was used to detect EEG activities, and EMG signals were recorded from the biceps brachii using two adhesive surface electrodes with a 2-cm interelectrode distance. The reference electrode for EEG recording was located at the "Cz" position. The ground electrode, common for EEG and EMG signals, was positioned on the midline of the scalp at the level of the prefrontal cortex. EEG and EMG signals were sampled at 1,000 Hz together with event markers to synchronize with force signals. Force data were recorded simultaneously from the strain gage at a sampling rate of 200 Hz. All signals were saved on a hard disk for off-line analyses.
The subject suffered from his first cerebral hemorrhage at the right basal ganglia and had paralysis of his left upper extremity. His age was 35. No cognition impairment was reported. Two times of experiments were performed with an interval of 1 month. The first time was carried out 6 weeks after the stroke onset. During the period, the subject was in hospital and received regular rehabilitation trainings including physical therapy and occupational therapy. The Fugl-Meyer (upper limb section) score was 15 points for the first time of experiment and a Fugl-Meyer score of 38 points was obtained for the second time. The subject participated in the experiment with the approval of the local ethics committee and the informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The written informed consent was obtained from the subject for the publication of this case report.
Data Analyses
The same CMC estimation method was used as in our previous study (11). Original EEG and EMG signals were first filtered using a two-pass finite impulse response filter with a pass band from 3 to 45 Hz. Artifacts caused by eye blinks, cardiac activities, and power-line interferences were eliminated with the independent component analysis method (16, 17). Then, EEG and EMG signals within the muscle contraction period of each trial were segmented to 1 s long segments with no overlap. EEG signals from all electrodes within each segment were transformed into the reference-free current source density (CSD) distribution using the scalp surface Laplacian (18–20). The CMC spectrum for each EEG electrode was determined by calculating the coherence between the corresponding CSD signal and the unrectified EMG signal with the multitaper method (21).
A non-parameter statistic method (22) was used to compare the difference of the CMC between the first and second times of experiments. This method can solve the unequal estimation bias problem and the multiple comparison problem in the statistical analysis of frequency domain coherence differences under two different conditions (22). The original CMC difference C1(f) − C2(f) was transformed to the z-spectrum CMC difference,
where n1 = 1/d1 − 2, n2 = 1/d2 − 2, C1(f) and C2(f) are the CMC spectrum of condition 1 and 2, respectively. d1 and d2 are the number of degrees of freedom for coherence estimation (22). The procedure to estimate the p-value included several steps. Data segments from both conditions were first merged into a single set and then randomly selected to construct new data sets for both conditions. The result of this procedure was called a random partition and the corresponding Z(f) was estimated. A test statistic that was based on the clustering of adjacent frequencies (22) was extracted from Z(f) to avoid the multiple comparison problem. The procedures above were repeated for a large number of times (5,000 times), and a histogram of the test statistics from all random partitions was constructed. From the test statistic calculated with the actually observed data and the histogram constructed with all random partitions, the proportion of the random partitions that resulted in a larger test statistic than the observed one, i.e., the Monte Carlo p value, was calculated.
The topographies of beta-band (15–30) CMC from the first and second times of experiments are illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, respectively. Figures 2A and 3A illustrate the CMC topographies between activities from the cortex and the right biceps brachii. Figures 2B and 3B show the results with the left biceps brachii as the peripheral reference. A consistent result was that the strongest CMC emerged at the contralateral motor area to the contracting muscles. Meanwhile, there were minor differences about the electrode locations where the strongest CMC showed up between the first and second times of experiments. They might result from the small shift of wearing positions of the electrode cap. Further statistical analyses were based on the CMC spectrum obtained at the electrodes where the strongest beta-band corticomuscular coupling emerged.
Figure 2. The topographies of beta-band (15–30 Hz) corticomuscular coherence with the peripheral reference of right biceps brachii (A) and left biceps brachii (B), respectively for the first time of experiment.
Figure 3. The topographies of beta-band (15–30 Hz) corticomuscular coherence with the peripheral reference of right biceps brachii (A) and left biceps brachii (B), respectively for the second time of experiment.
The non-parameter statistical analysis was performed to verify whether there were significant differences of the beta-band CMC between the first and second times of experiments. The CMC spectrum between activities from the left biceps brachii (affected side) and the contralateral motor cortex is illustrated in Figure 4A. For the first time of experiment, the spectrum peaks within the beta band were located at 16 and 26 Hz, respectively and there was a sharp decrease at 21 Hz. For the second time of experiment, the spectrum peaks were similarly located within the beta band at around 18 and 23 Hz. The beta-band CMC magnitude of the second time was apparently larger than that of the first time. The null hypothesis was that the beta-band CMC of the second time was not larger than that of the first time when muscles of the affected side contracted. The distribution of test statistics from 5,000 random partitions is shown in Figure 4B. The test statistic of the observed data was 20.05 and the resulting Monte Carlo p-value was 0.005. Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected and the beta-band CMC of the second time was significantly larger than that of the first time when muscles of the affected side contracted.
Figure 4. The corticomuscular coherence (CMC) spectrum between activities from the right motor cortex and the left biceps brachii (A) and the results of the corresponding statistical analysis for the beta-band CMC differences between two times of experiments (B). The CMC spectrum between activities from the left motor cortex and the right biceps brachii (C) and the results of the corresponding statistical analysis for the beta-band CMC differences between two times of experiments (D).
The significance of the beta-band CMC difference between the first and second times of experiments when the right biceps brachii (unaffected side) contracted was also tested with the non-parameter statistical analysis. The CMC spectrum of both times of experiments is illustrated in Figure 4C. There was no obvious difference of the CMC spectrum within the beta band. The peaks were both located at approximately 24 Hz and their amplitudes were similar. The null hypothesis was, therefore, set to be that there was no significant difference of the beta-band CMC between the first and second times of experiments when muscles of the unaffected side contracted. The distribution of test statistics from 5,000 random partitions is shown in Figure 4D, and the test statistic of the observed data was 1.18 with a Monte Carlo p-value of 0.7306. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected and, therefore, it was correct.
Poststroke motor deficits arise essentially from the damages to the descending spinal tracks. The damage makes the brain lose control of limb muscles. CMC is believed to be a direct measure of interactions between physiological oscillatory activities from the brain and the controlled muscles. Therefore, the corticomuscular coupling strength might be weakened by stroke theoretically. However, it is not known whether stroke survivors can regain the normal strength level of corticomuscular coupling after motor function recovery. The most significant result of the current study was that the corticomuscular coupling strength between activities from the paretic limb muscles and the contralateral motor cortex increased along with the recovery of the patient's paretic limb. However, the CMC of the unaffected limb had no significant changes, which demonstrated that the familiarization with the task could not contribute to the increase of the corticomuscular coupling strength in the current study. Therefore, the increased coupling strength of the affected limb would only result from the motor function recovery of the paretic upper limb. This means that the measure of CMC can reflect the change of abilities for the brain to control muscular activities after stroke. Further studies will recruit more stroke subjects and focus on the sensitivity of the CMC as a measure to quantify the motor function state of paretic limbs.
The corticomuscular coupling is weakened for poststroke patients compared with healthy controls (6, 7). The results in the current study further demonstrated that the recovery of motor function was related to the enhanced corticomuscular coupling. In addition, previous studies showed that improved fine movement control was related to higher CMC (13, 23) and motor learning was associated with increased CMC and better performance (23). Thus, it may be speculated that increasing the corticomuscular coupling strength of the paretic limb for stroke patients is both the goal and the way for regaining motor function. Many factors have been identified to influence the corticomuscular coupling strength and some of them have the potential to be utilized in limb rehabilitation interventions (11). Above all, the results of the current study remind us that exploring the influence of rehabilitation interventions on corticomuscular coupling may provide another way to verify their validity from a new point.
In the current study, the CMC showed significant beta-band differences. This was inconsistent with Fang's study in which CMC differences between stroke patients and healthy controls mainly occurred in the gamma band (6). This might be caused by the fact that different motion tasks were used. The elbow flexion task in the current study involved isometric muscle contractions with static output force while the reaching task in Fang's study was more related to isometric muscle contractions with dynamic output force. Omlor et al. (24) demonstrated that corticomuscular coupling occurred within the beta band under the condition of isometric muscle contractions with static output force; whereas the most significant CMC shifted to the gamma band with isometric muscle contractions with dynamic output force. The difference of coherent frequency bands might reflect different ways for the brain to control muscle contractions under different conditions.
The CMC spectrum in Figure 4 showed that the peak magnitude of beta-band CMC of the affected side was larger than that of the unaffected side after recovery. This is consistent with the results from Mima's study in which stroke survivors at their chronic phase were recruited (7). The study demonstrated that the corticomuscular coupling of unaffected side was significantly stronger than that of affected side during power grip and wrist extension. However, the corticomuscular coupling of unaffected side was slightly weaker during elbow flexion compared with that of affected side even though it is counterintuitive. The exact underlying mechanism is not known but might be associated with the contribution of the descending direct corticospinal pathway to the proximal and distal muscles after stroke (25). Further studies will be needed to verify its universality and fully understand the neural mechanism.
The limitation of the current study was that we cannot tell whether the increased corticomuscular coupling strength resulted from spontaneous recovery or motor rehabilitation training. Since the patient was at his subacute stage of stroke, spontaneous recovery could happen. Meanwhile, he received physical and occupational therapy that also might result in his recovery. Therefore, it cannot be verified through our study whether the spontaneous recovery or the rehabilitation training alone, or both contributed to the increased corticomuscular coupling. This will be explored in our further studies.
Concluding Remarks
This study demonstrated that the corticomuscular coupling strength for the paretic limb increased along with its function recovery while the coupling strength for the unaffected limb did not change through a case study. We concluded that interrupted corticomuscular interactions account for the motor deficits and CMC, as a measure of coherent activities between motor cortex and controlled muscles, can reflect the function recovery of paretic limbs after stroke.
Ethics Statement
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of School of Life Science and Technology in Xi'an Jiaotong University with written informed consent from the subject. The subject gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of School of Life Science and Technology in Xi'an Jiaotong University.
Author Contributions
Drafted manuscript and contributed to acquisition, analysis, and interpretation: YZ. Critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and gave final approval and agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work: YZ, YP, GX, LL, and JW. Contributed to conception or design: YZ, YP, and LL. Contributed to conception and interpretation: GX and JW. Contributed to acquisition and interpretation: YP and LL.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
This work was supported by the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2017M620445), the Integration Project of Major Research Plan of the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91420301), the Project of the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51475360), and the Suzhou Science and Technology Planning Project (Grant No. SYS201510).
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Keywords: stroke, electromyography, electroencephalography, corticomuscular coherence, motor impairment
Citation: Zheng Y, Peng Y, Xu G, Li L and Wang J (2018) Using Corticomuscular Coherence to Reflect Function Recovery of Paretic Upper Limb after Stroke: A Case Study. Front. Neurol. 8:728. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00728
Received: 27 September 2017; Accepted: 18 December 2017;
Published: 10 January 2018
Edited by:Sheng Li, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States
Reviewed by:Xu Zhang, University of Science and Technology of China, China
Dong Feng Huang, Sun Yat-sen University, China
Copyright: © 2018 Zheng, Peng, Xu, Li and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Jue Wang, firstname.lastname@example.com


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Local meetings focus on the next farm bill
TRAVERSE CITY — Building on a successful Farm Bill hearing last week at Michigan State University, the nation's first Land Grant Institution, U.S. Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-Mich.) and her staff attended several meetings in the Grand Traverse Region to hear from farming and nutrition interests on ways to improve the Farm Bill.
The Farm Bill, which is re-authorized every five years, covers support for agriculture and livestock, but also energy, forestry, nutrition, conservation, trade, research, farm credit, and rural development. Thus the Farm Bill has the potential to affect every citizen in the U.S.
Stabenow is the first chair of the Senate Agriculture Committee from Michigan in more than 100 years. As chair, she and her staff will play a major role in crafting the new Farm Bill. This represents an excellent opportunity for agri-food and nutrition interests in Michigan. For example, four years ago, Stabenow was successful in introducing specialty crops into the 2008 Farm Bill for the first time in the form of Specialty Crop Research Grants administered by the Michigan Department of Agriculture.
Two of the meetings Stabenow and her staff attended were hosted by Michigan State University Extension in northwest Michigan. These meetings covered topics ranging from conservation programs, like the popular EQIP Program that many farmers have taken advantage of in northwest Michigan, to topics of Farm to School and Nutrition as well.
Hosted by Nikki Rothwell, the meeting on Farm Bill Conservation Programs was attended by regional land conservancies, farmers, non-profits, conservation districts and others. Conservation programs are an important part of the Farm Bill as they are vital in keeping growers on the cutting edge of conservation efforts.
These programs aid growers in everything from adopting new pest management tactics to protecting farmland for the next generation. Conservation programs also aid in water, air, and soil protection programs.
The next meeting, which focused on Farm to School and nutrition, was attended by food service directors and administrators from Traverse City Area Public Schools, Benzie Schools, Glen Lake Schools, and personnel from Crystal Mountain Resort and Spa, Munson Medical Center, Michigan Land Use Institute, Michigan Commission of Agriculture, and the CS Mott Group from MSU. A key focus of this meeting was to discuss ways to improve school lunch programs through initiatives like Farm to School, which represents a win-win for local farmers and children's health.
One broad theme that resulted from both meetings was the need for more local control of federal resources because issues vary between and within states. Whether it is distribution of federal conservation funds through local conservancies or the ability of school districts to use commodity dollars to purchase locally grown food, the sentiment was evident.
In this challenging fiscal climate, the 2012 Farm Bill will no doubt be leaner than the 2008 Farm Bill. With insightful input from food and farming interest in northwest Michigan and Michigan's own Stabenow at the helm, the Michigan Land Use Institute is hopeful that the 2012 Farm Bill will result in the greatest return on investment for Michigan citizens.

subset: commoncrawl


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MMS stands out in the eyes of the evolutionist and his views that both animal and the human race manifolds of motivational systems. These methods embody pure responses, in addition to the tendencies. It appears that evidently we're structured on a neural circuit that helps us to adapt and remedy problems. According to evolutionary philosophers each people and animals reply, behave, and all of those actions is from the best way one thinks. Lots of the evolutionist theories point to the evolution of human and animal pure selections with probably the most excessive choice being survival. The second want is reproduction. Motives additionally factor into MMS, since it is the basic emergence of cross-cultures. That is people are driven on love, power, money, and perspectives.
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|[jira] [Updated] (YARN-2134) FairSchduler AllocationConfiguration doesn't treat hierarchical queues settings
|Mon, 09 Jun 2014 12:40:03 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/YARN-2134?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ] Andrey Stepachev updated YARN-2134: ----------------------------------- Description: Automatically created queues doesn't allow to set default parameters. If queue not configured explicitly, queue parameters will be taken global defaults. This patch allows to take them from upper level queues. (was: AllocationConfiguration doesn't fully qualify queue names with respect to 'root.' prefix. Such behaviour leads to situation where settings for nested queue doesn't take effect. Consider following config (working example in broken-hier-queues.diff attached) sub queue settings were not applied by method queueConf.getMaxResources. {code:xml} <queue name="queueA"> <maxResources>2048mb,10vcores</maxResources> <queue name="queueB"> <maxResources>512mb,1vcores</maxResources> </queue> </queue> {code} I made patch, which unifies QueueName operations (remove those indexOf copy pastes) and apply some of settings in hierarchical manner (say preemption timeout can be used from parent queue instead of global default). Also it is interesting to introduce type safe object QueueName and replace String in interfaces, and I have made an attempt (https://github.com/octo47/hadoop-common/tree/feature/octo/fs-queue-name), but looks like it lead to some inconsitancy and I think that it is not necessary right now).) > FairSchduler AllocationConfiguration doesn't treat hierarchical queues settings > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Key: YARN-2134 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/YARN-2134 > Project: Hadoop YARN > Issue Type: Bug > Components: fairscheduler > Affects Versions: 2.5.0 > Reporter: Andrey Stepachev > Attachments: YARN-2134.diff > > > Automatically created queues doesn't allow to set default parameters. If queue not configured explicitly, queue parameters will be taken global defaults. This patch allows to take them from upper level queues. -- This message was sent by Atlassian JIRA (v6.2#6252)
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Professor Sebastian Groes
Professor in English Literature - 50th Anniversary Chair in English
- Email address email@example.com
- Phone number 01902 2863
- Location MX Building, MX112(b)
- Faculty Faculty of Arts
- Institute School of Humanities
- Areas of expertise
English Literature, Memory, Contemporary Fiction, Modernism, Cognition, Place and Space, Psychogeography
I started at Wolverhampton in January 2018. Originally of Dutch extraction, I have lived in the UK since 2000. I did my PhD (on the representation of London in Contemporary Fiction) at the University of East Anglia. Follow me @basgroes
My interests focus on twentieth and twenty-first century Literature, Culture and Theory, with a particular emphasis on Modernist and contemporary writing, and a growing interest in the Digital Humanities, and the intersections between science and the arts and humanities. I am the Principal Investigator of the Memory Network, an AHRC and Wellcome Trust-funded Research Network bringing scientists, arts and humanities scholars, writers and artists together to think critically and creatively about memory in the twenty-first century. I'm Series Co-Editor of Contemporary Critical Perspectives (Bloomsbury), and wrote The Making of London (Palgrave, 2011), and British Fiction in the Sixties (Bloomsbury, 2015). I edited volumes on Ian McEwan, Julian Barnes and two volumes on Kazuo Ishiguro's work: Kazuo Ishiguro: Contemporary Critical Perspectives (Bloomsbury, 2010) and Kazuo Ishiguro: Critical Visions of the Novels (Palgrave, 2011). I'm interested in historicizing our contemporary moment, with a special interest in Modernism, as evidenced by my recent writing on memory in the digital age, information overload, cognitive offloading and the extended mind thesis (EMT), as well as my historicisation of the relationship between literature and surveillance in an essay entitled 'Observing Fictions: Literature and Surveillance from 1984 to 9/11'. My next book project explores cognition and memory in the digital age, The Prosthetic Gods (Yale UP). I am the Principal Investigator of the Memory Network, an AHRC and Wellcome Trust-funded Research Network bringing scientists, arts and humanities scholars, writers and artists together to think critically and creatively about memory in the twenty-first century.
MA (VU University, Amsterdam), MA (East Anglia), PhD (East Anglia)
- Prosthetic Gods: Transactive Cognition in Contemporary Literature. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2020. [forthcoming]
- 'Neurofictions? Literary and Neuroscientific Perspectives on Psychogeography in the Work of Will Self', Journal for Cognition and Culture, Volume 16, Issue 3-4, September, 2020. [forthcoming]
- 'Observing Fictions: Literature and Surveillance from 1984 to 9/11', Infrastructures of Identity: The Sciences and Cultures of Identification, ed. Rex Ferguson. Penn State University Press, 2019. [forthcoming]
- 'I Love Alaska: posthuman subjectivity and memory on the final frontiers of our Ecology Crisis', Textual Practice, special issue edited by Jessica Rapson and Lucy Bond, 14 June, 2017. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0950236X.2017.1323492
- 'Information Overload in Literature', Textual Practice, Vol. 31, Issue 7, January 2016. DOI:10.1080/0950236X.2015.1126630. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0950236X.2015.1126630
- British Fiction in the Sixties. New York and London: Bloomsbury, 2016. 'Proust and Memory in Tom McCarthy's Remainder', in Critical Perspectives on the Work of Tom McCarthy, ed. Dennis Duncan. Canterbury: Gylphi, 2016, 177-299.
- Memory in the Twenty-First Century. Editor. London: Palgrave, 2016. Women's Writing after 9/11. Co-editor with Claire Colebrook and Peter Childs. Lexington, 2014.
- 'Surveillance in the Work of Nicola Barker', in Women's Writing after 9/11. Claire Colebrook and Peter Childs. Lexington, 2014, pp. 159-78.
- Ian McEwan: Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Second Edition. Editor and Contributor New York and London: Bloomsbury Academic, June 2013.
- 'Residual Traces of Postmodernism in Contemporary English Literature' in Reconsidering the Postmodern: European Literature beyond Relativism. Eds. Thomas Vaessens and Yra van Dijk Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2013, pp. 123-145.
- Kazuo Ishiguro: Critical Visions of the Novels. Co-Editor. Palgrave, 2011.
- 'J.G. Ballard' in The Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Fiction, ed. Brian Shaffer, Oxford: Blackwell, 2011, pp 25-28.
- 'Kicking the Dog Will Do': J. G. Ballard's Strategies of Abjection, in J. G. Ballard: Critical Visions, ed. Jeannette Baxter and Roland Wymer. Houndmills: Palgrave, 2011.
- Julian Barnes: Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Co-editor with Peter Childs. New York and London: Continuum, 2011.
- The Making of London: Representations of London in Contemporary Fiction. Single Author. Houndmills: Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2011.
- 'Ian McEwan and the Modernist Consciousness of the City, in Contemporary Critical Perspectives: Ian McEwan, ed. Groes, S. New York/London: Continuum, 2009, pp. 99-114.
- Kazuo Ishiguro: Contemporary Critical Perspectives. Co-Editor with Sean Matthews, and Contributor. New York and London: Continuum, December 2009.
- 'From Shanghai to Shepperton: Crises of Representation in J. G. Ballard's Londons', in Contemporary Critical Perspectives: J.G. Ballard, ed. J. Baxter. New York/London: Continuum, 2009, pp. 78-93.
Media: BBC radio and TV; Guardian Review; 'Talking Books', Newstalk Radio; Museum of London; Nesta; Cheltenham Literary Festival; Edinburgh Literary Festival; Serpentine Gallery etc.
Peer reviewer for: AHRC Large Grants scheme; Edinburgh UP, PalgraveMacmillan, Bloomsbury Academic, Gothic Studies, C21 Literature, European Journal of Cultural Studies, English Studies, Clio: A Journal of Literature, History and the History of Literature, European Journal of Cultural Studies.
I welcome research students interested in exploring time, memory and consciousness; posthumanism; place/space; psychogeography; spying, surveillance and carceral theory; subversive and experimental literatures and radical aesthetics. I also work with creative writing students.


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Truth here Right? When stuff end up working out for us, don't you love it? Sounds crazy, right? But when we'll just look closely at life and the circumstances surrounding us, we'll realize that things that begin off in the wrong direction can wind up turning to benefit us! To me one of the strangest things that has seemed to happen with me in regards to dating, are such seasons where I came to a place where I enjoyed my life and cupid chose to demonstrate his butt! I recall I was having a blast living the life and decided that I would postpone the concept of a connection. It didn't seem essential.
If a guy wants to date a lady, he needs to be a man. What does this imply? Well, there is no big karelia russia prostitutes Saint-Adrien to being a male, it is just concerning being comfy in your own skin, feeling great with who you are, as well as not really feeling like you require to meet the expectations of the women you are positioning on stands.
I therefore decided that I wanted to assist UK guys out there who stopped internet dating within the first couple weeks of trying it since they get little or no results. I would like to show UK guys out there that if you get your act together and get a good system in place then there is not any reason why you cannot have an active and pleasurable internet dating life so for all you men out there that wants to get this portion of your life together, this is for you. Then let me contrast this with attempting to obtain a date, if you are still having difficulty in determining if internet dating is the best way to go.
We walked to the parking lot and he asked for a hug. That was fine, so I obliged; he gave me a kiss on the cheek and also staged a bit of" This could be the beginning of something big. " Christ. A number of and phD certifications I thought he was just a goofball- a socially inept lonely guy with a wallet that was brimming and a thriving career.
Lesson from Peter: Some people will mess with your head. They might not understand what they need. Theywon'tbe capable to deal with your emotions, and also won't be in precisely the same place as possible. Do not get overly invested on.
She was nude except for black lace panties and she slithered quickly under the covers, into bed. She said she had been cold and she felt cold as she squirmed into my warmth. If I am truthful having not been quite so kind to me to her, she had been not slightly more bulky compared to me! We kissed passionately with tongues exploring each other's mouths, slippery tips wrestling and sliding over teeth and lips. My cock was pounding hard and pressing against her thigh as I rubbed and stroked her buttocks through her panties, loving the comparison of lace on smooth skin and where it wound in softness and ever so marginally jarring, using a fingertip, the warmth at which the two cheeks met. I squeezed it and grabbed a whole cheek. " Watch this has not improved considerably? " " My God! I believe this has! " , she laughed as she wrapped her hands around it and found my cock. " I do not remember it being this big. " " Yes! " I smirked. " It certainly seems to have swollen up a little. " With that she pushed off from me and moved down the bed to take my cock. I remember her blow jobs becoming clumsy and rough; I had certainly had improved. I can only describe it as trying quite hard to suck on the very sensitive tip of my penis, and if it was fine to get a few seconds, it did get really, extreme; so powerful a sense I frequently had to pull away and she never liked that, often refusing to return to it. Getting youthful and naïve, we didn't have the language or optimism to describe ourselves but that did not seem to be a issue now.
Choose a time that works for the two of you until you finish them to work on your visions for fifteen minutes a day. You may want to work on one area( listed below) daily. As soon as you complete, you will come together to work in your shared vision during the exact same timeframe.
' Young inheart'. Ifyou're middle aged, you are no longer young. There are seriously countless men's dating profiles laying bare middle- aged hang- ups. Don't do it! You arenot'yearsyoung', this does not give you the edge over your competitors that are single, even though you would like to think they're beyond it. I have dated a few of them, hey, I am a sucker for providing the benefit of the doubt. And frankly, I amnot'young atheart', my days of posing for selfies are over and drinking shots. Done. We're years old, we are never young, years. If we would not be here it could not have been great when we were young, could we? Take a peek, be honest. Are youcurrently'mad', ' nuts', ' crazy', ' zany', ' ' bonkers'? Are you? Probably not. Or areyou'up to get alaugh'? It is reasonable to guess that we'llbe'up to get alaugh' also, not many of us want to be going out with Leonard Cohen for good sake. But don't reinvent yourselves, be you. I mean, if you describe yourself as some of the above don't deliver, no thunderous applause for you, and no repeat dates. And forgetthe'oppositesattract' nonsense. They don't.
I will ask you something: If you had all of the women on fuck buddy pictures East Kildonan MB right in front of you, what could you do?
The wedding ring is. Making a man wait a couple of weeks or months for intercourse won't make him respect you more. He might act as if you are respected by him but after he gets your cookies, the respect level will drop. You're going to be different from a toy! Making union is waited for by him is what makes him respect you, not waiting for sex.
Freshening up is something everybody over age forty because gravity affects not merely the body, but the cosmetics should make the most of. It tends to head south, and I didn't want black eyes or lips that looked like they had been Saint-Adrien Québec dating apps for gamers. Good navarro fuck buddy I checked everything. My date and another few minutes would have appeared like he courted someone into Goth looks. I reapplied my lip plumper( not that it worked) , my lipstick, and lip gloss. I caught a handful of toilet paper and wiped a great deal of black eyeliner off from under my eyes, then relined them. Eventually my mascara freshened. Done! Before I left the ladies' room, I decided that my right eyelashes did not appear as thick as the ones that were abandoned and studied myself in the mirror. Easy fix- - I just applied another coat of my mascara. It didn't look right, so the tips of my lashes touched.
Online dating will take a great deal of your backpage escorts up, but there are loads of other options. Accept every invitation to go out which you get as you don't know who are there. If you are not getting sufficient invitations try speed dating or arranging your dinner party.
On the flip side guys hesitate to ask following a dialog, once again waiting for some sign that is grand that she is interested instead of expressing their feelings. Meanwhile, the woman assumes he's not interested in her and does not want to see her again.
Some of their descriptions of what type of girl they looked for, and what their date with girl could be like, could have become a magazine. I understand guys think otherwise, but for heaven's sake! It was like being around a lot of prairie chickens, puffing and strutting their stuff, believing they were enticing an unknown pool of guys with their romantic prowess and their ability to pleasure their ladylove( s) . There was even one motorcycle- obsessed dude who pointed out his moves could put their arms round his waist- - or wherever the women were more comfy hanging( wink, wink) - - since they rode off together to experience who understands what. Oh, and I nearly forgot: they all had a fantastic sense of humor, in accordance with their collective profiles. I believe their customs went to want that.
Others utilize long- term courtships. An sexual chat's end result is often a tangible date. It happens in resorts, car parks, in bus stops, in parks and even in the bedrooms of a criminal or victim.
" He never mentioned anything" After her doctor confirmed the sores in her genitals were herpes my friend moaned. " He must have told me. I love him and I am prepared to determine how to deal with this. But I wasn't warned by him and we had unprotected intercourse. I feel betrayed. " What the boyfriend of Clare did was dishonest and utterly unfair. He let her believe that they might have intercourse. What a louse. He took advantage of her trust by never Saint-Adrien casual sex hookup apps the topic of STDs up until it was too late.
She should spend, to make a woman invest more in a relationship. She must spend more money. You should create the problem more while she tries to make peace.
Have a place in your mind to suggest before you ask. Men, don't ask her out, and then ask her where she wants to proceed. Having it thought out makes it feel like you have got plans handled, and confidence is shown by that. I didn't do this at first, and I learned the hard way that it is always better to have a strategy.
Numbness turned into anger and that I fell in the center of the restaurant to a foul- mouthed fit of rage. I felt deceived, wronged and tricked and, in the midst of my own rant I reached for my code words for prostitutes and, I had Jeff on the telephone, before anybody at the table accomplished what happened.
Growing up with this understanding that is limited guys struggle with the notion of precisely when or how they are supposed to express their feelings. Some fear that they'll" mess up" an interaction that's going well if they say their sexual desire too soon. They are afraid that should they attempt to acquire sexual they will be labeled as" creepy. " These guys wait for the" ideal moment, " which ends up never coming. They'll end up dating a woman those rare Saint-Adrien where is the new backpage escorts when she gets it simple for him and initially exhibits her desire aggressively, but they'll never feel like they're with a girl because they chose her and will frequently feel like they're settling, not always with the woman but with themselves since they understand they have yet to overcome the fear of expressing their sexuality.
I know that it could feel like a large obstacle is to do any of these things- - coming a woman or getting started for example. But as a pretty powerful guy I know used to say. . .
So rather than entering a singles chat room, we advocate utilizing established dating sites- - those that are well known, have great reputations and create your safety, satisfaction and privacy a priority.


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byon Fri Sep 19, 2014 12:41 am
Dear Rachel; We all wish you a Happy Birthday and
will be thinking of you!
Take care, and Enjoy.
Ehoeveler and everybody at ASC
byon Thu Sep 19, 2013 1:14 am
Dear Rachel; Happy Birthday! We're thinking of you and
hope you are celebrating another year of making art. Please
keep in touch. Thanks, Ehoeveler and everybody at ASC
byon Tue Jul 16, 2013 10:32 am
Hello and welcome to A Singular Creation! Photograph your artworks and upload them into your own galleries as well as online Art Competitions. Join in with Art Forums and get to know other artists. You will love spending time here! Any problems please contact 'Singular' or one of the moderators.
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Our bodies begin to go in a natural rhythm, when we're around people with whom we're comfy and we communicate through signature. Just like when you start a conversation leaving that awkward half- step of distance, whenever you don't communicate with this organic bodily rhythm and signature it states, " this can be awkward. " Sharing them via eye contact and Maintaining space for our feelings would be the two most powerful ways in which human beings communicate; then, though, actual expression is following. Will communicate those feelings more powerfully than words ever can, when we're feeling something strongly, whether it be empathy, happiness, or fascination, creating physical contact with someone. You may recall a time when a friend opened about something. Maybe youcouldn't think of these words to say, but you place your hands on his shoulder.
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Make sure it is not too emotional, ifyou're going to send a text message which has sexual content. Make it a bit funny and playful so that she is going to be interested. You can go over this when you meet again for a second date.
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I have literally started this blog post three other times now, so I hope the 4th is the charm. A few weeks ago, I was ripped a new one on Facebook for agreeing with Equality PA's position not to support a counter protest when the National Organization for Marriage comes to Harrisburg next weekend. And, while I do wish Equality PA was doing a little more than screening a film, I think they are right on the money when it comes to the counter protest.
Countering NOM may make Marriage Equality supporters feel good, and let them blow off a bit of righteous steam, they also totally play into meeting NOM's needs and help them garner publicity where they might not otherwise get any. Why are we helping them be successful, even if it makes us feel good?
Truly, a case can be made for counter protesting NOM. They are speaking a pack of lies, and a counter demonstration illustrates to all that not everyone agrees with their twisted ideas. In a counter protest, we (Marriage Equality supporters) are visible, and places human faces on the issue. And it makes us feel good, and that isn't unimportant. Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and allies face frequent disappointment and struggle so that we need to appreciate and utilize every opportunity to feel like we can make a difference. But that's the real issue. Do we really make a difference when we counter protest, or if we do, is it enough to warrant the action?
Despite what some people feel, the NOM leadership is made up of some very smart folks. Sure, the do these public things, like their bus tour to have an effect, but their real goal is getting money into states to do damage to our efforts. This was their primary goal in both California and Maine, and it is why they are fighting so hard against the full disclosure of their donors and finances. Things like the bus tour function like a magician's slight of hand. It feeds their base, and draws attention away from their really damaging activity- the money and funding.
If we really want to harm NOM, or gain any real value, we need to turn our focus towards shining a light on their money and funding ventures, and leave the wacky protestors alone so that the media leaves them alone as well.
I think there is a reason why NOM is coming to Pennsylvania that deserves some discussion.
The governor's race. Tom Corbett has already promised that if he is elected governor, he will push for the legislature to pass a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage. This is exactly the type of thing NOM wants to see. NOM can help solidify support for Corbett. A counter protest probably only helps Corbett more. To benefit Marriage Equality efforts in PA, we need to make sure Tom Corbett is not elected governor.
Diane Gramley and the AFAPA. Like it or not, we have a very active and vocal anti-gar rights activist in Western PA named Diane Gramley. Her loyal followers may not be that numerous but they sure are vocal. NOM can only strengthen the AFAPA. The solution to that isn't a NOM counter protest but rather we must continue to organize in every community small and large across Pennsylvania so that our voices are loud, and there is always ample push-back to the AFAPA.
Constitutional Convention. I've been told I'm so wrong about this one, but I'm not yet convinced. Both Dan Onorato and Tom Corbett are suggesting changes to state government that will require a constitutional convention to be held. While all of the talk is that social issues will be off the table, but how will that play out, especially if the Republicans win big in November? Especially following the CA Prop 8 decision, NOM will be working overtime to get as many states as they can to have as many obstacles as possible to stop gay marriage. A constitutional convention would certainly be a good place to do some of that work.
Those calling for counter protest cite how justified they are and how marriage equality is a right. But not one I've spoken to or read can say how, in a tangible way, a counter protest will further our goal of obtaining real equality.
I have one exception to the no counter protest idea, had that is when NOM gets to Washington DC. There, NOM will get the media attention no matter what, and so there, it becomes important to get a huge crowd out.
If you disagree, or agree, leave a reply and explain how you se this issue.


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Lemon Earl Grey Cake 7" with Love 18°C Chocolate
Do you enjoy having something light while sipping a good cup of coffee or tea during your afternoon tea breaks? Then this Lemon Earl Grey Cake is made just for you. This cake is made up of lemon cream cheese pound cake sandwiching a sweet and tangy lemon curd, covered in a thin layer of cream cheese frosting and finally topped with drops of smooth earl grey whipped ganache. The flavours of this cake pairs very well with coffee or tea. This cake serves as the perfect afternoon light indulgence while you temporarily escape from the realities of life during your tea break.
This cake is produced only with approved Halal materials in accordance to Islamic Shariah Law and produced by the Halal-Certified factory from JAKIM Malaysia.
Love 18°C Chocolate
First Love Series - Dark Chocolate Ganache is one of the most ideal chocolate gift products and special treats for your loved ones.
Rich, smooth, and decadent Ganache is crafted by our finest chocolatiers with Belgian and France premium chocolate and quality ingredients. It is a piece of delightful and luxurious confectionery with a creamy melt-in-your-mouth texture that comes with different delectable flavours.
100% Freshness Guaranteed with Zero Preservatives
Self-collection is available! Contact 017-880 0153 for more information!
For bulk order, please contact us at 012-699 1191.
Cake Details
🍰 10 - 12 slices 🎂 7 inch x 3.3 inch
⚖ 1kg 🕑 Same day delivery in 2 hours
🍫 1x Box of Love 18°C Chocolate (160gram) Flavour: Orange / Durian / Hazelnut / 80% / 70% Dark Chocolates
✓ Knife ✓ Handwritten message on card
Customer Reviews
The cake was balanced, unique and put a smile to our faces.
Lemon Earl Grey Cake 7" with Love 18°C Chocolate
Thank you so much for being a part of my cousin's special day. The cake was yummy and she was was very happy to have it delivered to the hospital where the staff were also celebrating her day. Cheers. High recommendation from me.
Perfect balance of sweet, sour and creamy. The cake isn't too overwhelming and true to it's claim, compliments beautifully with a cup of black coffee/any coffee of choice.
We Also Recommend


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As many of us begin our new norm of social distancing, quarantine and/or isolation, it's important to continue heeding the advice we've been receiving surrounding our hand and overall hygiene, refraining from panic buying and being mindful of the older and more vulnerable community.
Sublime speaks to Sarah of Cherished Pieces, a niche family business dedicated to slow fashion.
Combat the winter blues with a gentle flicker of a flame, mood-boosting scents, and a passion for the environment. Sublime reviews five candles that don't fail to impress with aesthetics, ingredients, and a potential for change.
Icelandic jewellery designer and maker Guðbjörg Ingvarsdóttir marries a love of nature with inspiration from her home country's ancient mythology and sustainable resourcing of materials
It takes some outstanding creativity, vision and professionalism to turn waste into gold... Sublime talks to designer Kate Morris, deserving winner of the the world's largest sustainable fashion competition


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Custom Diamond Engagement Rings
19 of 54
This ring was posted on our site, on her finger in one of the best right after proposal pictures. What a great couple as we designed an amazing rose gold diamond ring that fit the budget and exceeded expectations. That is what it is all about. Thank you!


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Once an item has been created, you have the ability to view, edit, delete, approve or reject the item.
1) Click the user dropdown menu and select Assessment Item Editor.
Note: a user with District Administrative rights will have to enable district custom assessments and designate other users specifically as a Creator or Approver.
2) Locate the item.
You have the ability to sort the items by clicking on the following headers:
- Item Number
- Subject • Grade
- DOK (Depth of Knowledge)
- Created by
- Approved By
- Modified Date
You can also filter by using the Item Filter box located on the right side of the screen.
3) Click the item number to open the item page which allows you to view each item in-depth.
- You can easily navigate to additional items by using the arrows.
- By clicking on History you can see what actions have been taken for each item, who performed the action, and when the action occurred.


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Wednesday August 15th 2018
August 15, 2018
Wednesday August 16th 2018
A.) mobility
:60 second couch stretch
:60 second oh band distraction
:60 second t-spine
B.) warm up: 2 rounds of:
200M Row
10 Hollow Rocks
10 Kip Swings
10 Ring Rows
10 Push Ups
:10-:15 Ring Support
C.) 3 sets at each station, pick an option you feel comfortable with
Station 1:
Option 1: strict toes to bar x8-12 reps
Option 2: strict straight leg raises x8-12 reps
Option 3: knee raises with a :2 hold x8-12 reps
Option 4: Toes to ceiling x8-12 reps
Station 2:
Option 1: strict hspu x6-10 reps
Option 2: kipping hspu x6-10 reps
Option 3: HSPU negatives x3-5 reps @30x1 tempo
Option 4: kick up to hs hold x 3-5 reps
Option 5: plank to pike on box x3-5 reps
Option 6: static DB hold x:30-:60 seconds
Station 3:
Option 1: weighted pistol x3-5 reps per leg
Option 2: pistol x 4-6 reps per leg
Option 3: pistol on box(any height you choose) x 5 reps per leg
Option 4: weighted single leg lunge x 5 reps per leg
After each set perform :30-:60 second weighted planks
D.) 12 minute amrap
12 toes to bar/leg raises/knee raises
10 box jump overs 24/20
8 renegade rows 50/35
(Scale as needed)
E.) cool down row/mobility
Have fun, work hard, work smart, push yourselves, get strong, and #Trusttheprogram
Coach Joshua
Our Recent Posts


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I'm an award-winning communication professional, a creative industries producer, and a screenwriter. Which hat do you need me to wear?
Screenwriting, script consulting and editing, copywriting services, research.
Additional creative projects including TEDx and Tuesday Talks.
Meaning Business
A boutique strategic communication agency, home of the COMMS planning method and my blog on communication, change and leadership.


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Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas that can be generated in your home without even knowing. It's odourless and tasteless which is why it's so hard to detect. Although carbon monoxide detectors are standard in most homes, it's still important to recognise the sings of CO leaks in case your detector is faulty.
Inspect the High-risk Areas
Make sure all appliances in your home are well ventilated. Using appliances in an enclosed space can lead to dangerous emissions. For example, an idling car can fill up your garage with carbon monoxide, which can rapidly spread to your home.
Examine Symptoms
People affected by CO generally show flu-like symptoms, or indigestion, headache, nausea, and light headedness. If everyone in the household has similar symptoms and starts to feel better away from home, this is a strong indication that your house may contain carbon monoxide.
Look Around Your Home
A stale, stuffy smell in a clean home is a warning sign. Another indicator is a burning smell. The smell may not be carbon monoxide itself, but from other toxic gases being emitted by malfunctioning equipment.
Remedial Measures
If you see are witnessing any of the warning signs and your house hold is unwell, you should seek medical attention. A blood test can confirm or negate the presence of carbon monoxide in your body. Consult your fuel supplier for an inspection of in house appliances. This will help detect anything that's been leaking.


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About this Event
The East Walk and Cowan Track hike follows the Lerderderg River downstream from O'Briens Crossing through to Mine Camp. The trail, which initially hugs the Lerderderg River is rough and narrow in places.
The return part of the circuit via Cowan Track is steep and climbs more than 200 metres from the river to O'Briens Road. Return along O'Briens Road and Short Cut Track to O'Briens Crossing.
Toilets are located at O'Brien's Crossing Camp Ground. Bring enough water, lunch & snacks for the duration of the hike.
Gear: Rainproof jacket, poles & hiking boots
Walking notes:
Duration: 13 -14kms
Time: 5hrs
Grading: 4 (good level of fitness required)
Bring a minimum of 2-3 litres of water, snacks and lunch.


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Our tour of scientific cities and territories takes its first foray into Asia, with this map of Hong Kong by Gabriel Wong of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
View Science in Hong kong in a larger map
On the map, universities are shown in turquoise, institutes in green, cultural institutions in red, and publishing in blue.
Since transfer from British rule in 1997, Hong Kong has been a powerhouse of innovation, research and technology for the Chinese economy. Hong Kong has a significant scientific output, with world-class research in a number of areas including engineering, cancer biology and infectious diseases. Of the nine universities, the University of Hong Kong is often ranked as the best in Asia and will celebrate its centenary next year.
The city also has some notable scientists. Last year, Hong Kong scientist "Charles Kao ":http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_K.Kaoshared the Nobel Prize for Physics, for 'groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication'. Kao was born in Shanghai, but was educated in Hong Kong and the UK, and worked at the Chinese University of Hong Kong as Vice-Chancellor (1987-1996). Geneticist Tsui Lap-cheeLap-chee is another celebrated researcher from Hong Kong, known for his role in identifying the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, whilst working in Canada. He was President of the Human Genome Organisation (2000-2002) and now serves as Vice-Chancellor and President of the University of Hong Kong (since 2002).
On a cultural note, Hong Kong contains museums of science and spance as well as various nature reserves, wetlands and zoological gardens.
The map is very much a starting point – there's plenty more to add. We welcome additions (and any scientific trivia concerning Hong Kong) in the comments.
If you'd like to put together a map of science in your own city or region, please contact Matt Brown (i.am.mattbrown – at – gmail.com) for assistance.
Previous maps
- Boston/Cambridge, USA
- Cambridge, UK
- Canberra
- Lindau
- London
- Malta
- Münster
- New York
- San Francisco
- Toronto
And an index map showing all of these.


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Springtime in Cape May
Experience spring migration in a world-famous birding hotspot, home of the World Series of Birding. On this trip, we will look for more than 20 species of brilliantly colored wood-warblers, observing the incredible shorebird migration, and searching for seabirds along the Atlantic coast, all within 40 miles of the picturesque Mid-Atlantic town of Cape May. A highlight will be the spectacle of shorebirds feeding on horseshoe crab eggs as they journey north.


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Course Info
Certificate III in Polymer Processing
National Course Code: PMB30116
The Certificate III in Polymer Technology could be your ticket to a career in rubber or plastics production.
Learn from our industry-connected engineering teachers how to:
- Interpret technical drawing
- Set up and prepare for production
- Set up equipment for continuous operation
- Set a die and organise onsite work
The Certificate III in Polymer Technology can lead to a role as a:
- Extrusion Operator
- Rotational Moulding Operator
- Plastics Fabrication Operator
- Rubber Production Operator
Talk to us today about the study options available to you.
Sorry, this course is not currently open for enrolments.


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I am an unrepentant lover of the hijab. I love it when it's dolled up, cascading, folded simply, slung loosely, tucked up under, or tightly wrapped around just the hairline. The colors, the fabrics; I can easily spend hours in a hijab store and never be satisfied. I have gotten them shipped in from Kuwait, parsed through them in Agadir, and bartered my ass off for one in Bursa. Read More So You've Decided to Wear Hijab: What To Expect
Tag: hairline
True Blood Retro: Episode 1.2, "First Taste"
"Bill, you were just licking blood out of my head. I don't think it gets much more personal than that."
We pick up right where last week's episode ended, with Sookie getting thrashed by the Rattrays. It's a brutal scene "" I couldn't use any stills from it because the images were so gory. Read More True Blood Retro: Episode 1.2, "First Taste"
Gray Hairs? Who Cares?
So, I'm around 30 years old, and over the past few years I've noticed a persistent grayening (not a word) of my hair. It first became noticeable/distressing a few months before my wedding, so like any properly crazed bride-to-be, I dyed it before the big day. Read More Gray Hairs? Who Cares?


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Currying is a particular pattern of nesting of function calls, such that more than one argument could be supplied to a function.
The related notion is Partial Application, when a curried function is applied to a fewer actual argument values.
In Haskell and Standard ML currying is implicit - each function has exactly one argument. No more, no less. All multi argument functions are syntactic sugar, which expands to application of curried procedures.
f x y = \x -> \y -> (f x) y
Generalizing currying
fun curry f = fn x => fn y => f (x,y)
or using the special syntax
fun curry f x y = f (x,y)
and the dual
fun uncurry f = fn (x,y) => (f x) y
or just
fun uncurry f (x,y) = f x y
which itself is a curried function, which takes
f and a pattern - a tuple
currying on the second argument (instead of the first)
fun curry1 f = fn x => fn y => f y x
fun cirry1 f x y = f y x
See also [Partial Application]


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The Flats Every Fashion Girl Needs
The Flats Every Fashion Girl Needs The Latest "It" Shoe It's safe to say that the fashion world cannot and will not stop talking about flats! A fa...Read more
Let's Talk Size! Thanks to Seecaas' Ella Flats, landing the perfect fit just got a whole lot easier. So if you're in the market for a new pair of e...Read more
Coming your way this September is Seecaas' most exciting launch yet – monogrammed flats! Currently missing from your shoe collection, the monogramm...Read more
There is only a selection of pieces that I would consider indispensable when it comes to my summer wardrobe. Flats are definitely a no brainer!Read more
When it comes to choosing your favorite fashionable flat, nothing is more important than the perfect fit. We've all been there, right? You want to ...Read more
I like to think that I'm proof that you really can do anything you put your mind to, even if there are a LOT of things you want to put your mind to!Read more
Seecaas loves working with our fashion and lifestyle influencers. We want to see how all kinds of different people style our fashionable flats for ...Read more
Seecaas is about more than fabulous footwear -- we're on a mission to help others overcome financial roadblocks on their adoption journeys.Read more
Looking for tips for styling flats for summer? We have you covered! Whether you're styling flats with jeans, pairing flats with a dress, or wearing...Read more
When Seecaas set out to design the perfect fashionable flat, we knew it needed a couple of things. After all, it's the details that matter!Read more


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Plzeňský Prazdroj chose EDI ORION28. May 2011
Plzeňský Prazdroj, a company that in terms of its volume of communication represents the biggest supplier to the domestic retail sector, has joined the ranks of approximately twenty companies that operate in the beer production process and that use the EDI Orion service for their electronic data interchange of business information based on the principles of software as a service (SaaS).
Prazdroj has chosen EDI Orion to provide the platform for its electronic communication in a selecting procedure this April. The supplier of this comprehensive EDI solution will be CCV Information systems.
The world-known beer producer has joint the thousand companies that already make good use of the EDI Orion service, such as breweries Bernard, Krakonoš, City Brewery Havlíčkův Brod, Svijany, the seven brands of the K Brewery Trade group and newly, since April, the City Brewery Polička.
EDI Orion includes all documentation for commercial relations, such as orders, invoices, bills of delivery, pricelists and many more. For beer producers, the solution brings much more than a mere platform for electronic data interchange and global compatibility, amongst other things it allows them to expand their business cooperation with new business partners without the need for any further expenses.
Press release
- Plzeňský Prazdroj has chosen EDI ORION and opts for EDI as a service


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This easy-to-install pool will give you and your family many years of outdoor pool fun. Made of high quality treated steel, this pool will outlast plastic or vinyl pools. This pool is easy to clean and maintain with a fully functional skimmer. The Rugged Steel pool comes standard with a quality easy-to-use sand filter system and high performance pump, steel wall pool, skimmer and return, blue overlap liner, and an A-Frame ladder. Assembly required.
Rugged Steel 48" Deep Metal Wall Swimming Pool Package, 15'x52"


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Johanna I. Berberich, 85, of Coyne Center, died Monday, November 16, 2020 at her home. A livestream funeral will be broadcast at 10 am Tuesday, November 24, 2020 by visiting www.wheelanpressly.com/milan-live-stream. In person services are private. Burial will be in Memorial Park Cemetery, Rock Island. Memorials may be made in care of QC Paws. Wheelan-Pressly Funeral Home and Crematory, Milan, is assisting the family.
Johanna was born in Moline, Illinois on December 15, 1934, a daughter of Leopold and Helena Verhegge Onderbeke. She married Victor Berberich on July 9, 1960 in Moline. He preceded her in death on April 29, 2006.
Johanna was employed for 38 years as a shipping clerk for Servus Rubber Company in Rock Island. She retired in January of 1997.
Johanna was a former member of the Belgian American Brotherhood in Rock Island. She enjoyed fishing and playing Rolle Bolle.
Those left to cherish her memory include her children, Helen (Jeff) Cline, Preemption, Lowes (John) Schmidt, Coyne Center and Michael (Christine) Berberich, Port Orchard, Wash..; grandchildren, Stephanie (Jason) Nass, Loren Berberich, Rosellen Berberich and Michelle Schmidt; and two great-grandchildren, Madilynn and Cohen.
She was preceded in death by her parents, husband, four sisters and four brothers.
The family extends a special thank you to the staff at UnityPoint Hospice for the excellent care they provided to Johanna and family!
Online condolences, memories and expressions of sympathy may be left for the family at wheelanpressly.com
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Johanna I. (Onderbeke) Berberich, please visit our floral store.


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Palace tells cops to probe death of handcuffed Chinese worker with dispatch
Malacanang has ordered the police to immediately resolve the case of a handcuffed Chinese national who died after falling from a six-story building in Las Pinas City last Friday.
In a statement on Sunday, Presidential Spokesperson Salvador Panelo expressed alarm over the incident.
"We ask the Philippine National Police, which is seriously looking into the matter, including tracking down the supervisor of the victim who allegedly made the former a prisoner, to treat the case with dispatch," said Panelo.
According to a police report, at around 7:30am, a 27-year old Chinese national, identified as Yang Kang, was found handcuffed and lying unconscious on the concrete pavement along CV Starr Avenue in Pamplona 2.
In a television interview, Las Pinas chief of police Colonel Simnar Gran said that prior to the incident, Yang was reportedly brought to a room and handcuffed by his alleged Chinese supervisor due to his supposed debt.
Meanwhile, the Palace expressed concern over the growing reports of foreign workers who are experiencing coercion, illegal detention, and other violations of law during their stay in the country.
"We need to put a stop to these illegal acts. We will not tolerate any kind of abuse inflicted on any foreigner whether done by their fellow nationals or by our own citizens," Panelo said.
"We urge nationals from other countries, especially the Chinese workers, to report to the authorities any act performed by their employers in violation of any law. No one is exempted from the strict enforcement of our laws of the land," he added.
The Chinese Embassy earlier issued a statement expressing concern over the alleged abuses being experienced by some Chinese workers from their employers in the country. Cristina Eloisa Baclig/DMS


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Isabel and Luísa are college students who take a break to explore the beautiful and historic city of Évora!
Uma Visita a Évora
A Visit to Évora
Os Animais De Estimação Da Isabel
Isabel's Pets
Who says dogs and cats have to be enemies?
Os Habitantes do Zoo
The Zoo's Inhabitants
Learn more about the history of the Lisbon Zoo and the thousands of animals that live there.
Os Animais da Joana
Joana's Animals
João stops by Joana's house to see all the new additions to her home!
Um Safari Português
A Portuguese Safari
Badoca Safari Park provides a unique and exciting safari experience to its visitors. Learn about all the different types of animals you can see and interact with in this park!
Uma Ida Ao Veterinário
A Trip to the Veterinarian
Follow along as Marta takes her dog Max to the vet for a routine check-up.
Uma Ida Ao Abrigo De Animais
A Trip to the Animal Shelter
Hélder goes to the animal shelter to adopt a pet. Can you guess which one he chose?
A Incrível Fauna De Portugal
The Incredible Fauna of Portugal
For a small country, Portugal has a huge variety of wildlife. Discover some of the common, and not so common, animals found throughout Portugal's islands, natural parks, and other areas.
Jardim Zoológico De Lisboa
Lisbon Zoo
The Lisbon Zoo was a pioneer in animal conservation and education. Learn more about how the zoo evolved over time and be sure not to miss it when you visit Lisbon!
Como Comportar-se Numa Floresta
How to Behave in a Forest
Portuguese forests have been plagued by wildfires due to climate change and irresponsible behavior. Learn some essential tips for preventing these disasters in order to protect our people, our animals, and our natural environment.
O Cão Pescador
Meet the Portuguese Water Dog: A very special dog breed, well known for its amazing swimming ability and sweet personality!
O Lobo Ibérico
The Iberian Wolf
The Iberian Wolf is an endangered species that is now being protected by a few institutions in Portugal. These centers provide care for the animal and education to the public. Let's meet this wild animal that fascinates all its visitors!
Pedro, João e os Animais
Pedro, João, and the Animals
Animal lovers Pedro and João talk about the pets they have, and others they wish they had.
Tiago no Jardim Zoológico
Tiago at the Zoo
Tiago can't contain his excitement as he and his father observe the animals at the zoo.
A Libertação dos Caracóis com o Rui Sénior
The Liberation of the Snails with Rui Senior
Rui Sénior is back with an important message for all those who enjoy eating snails! Learn more about the important cause he's standing up for, and find out how you can help…
A Tartaruga Ninja
The Ninja Turtle
Our fabulously fictional Portuguese family is back (with peculiarly different voices 😂) and this time, they're considering adding a new member. We explore new vocabulary surrounding food, animals and more, and also run into some new usage examples of the conjunctive and conditional moods. And just like in the last episode, Rui continues to help Joel identify some more of his "estrangeiro" pronunciation habits!
Update (April 12, 2018): After launching this episode, it was helpfully pointed out to us that keeping a turtle as a pet is irresponsible: They die earlier in captivity and live a miserable, unnatural life. They're part of our wildlife heritage and need their protected, natural habitat to thrive. Instead, consider adopting a cat or dog from a shelter – surprisingly, they're less work, and you'll be doing some good! More details here and here. (Obrigado, Joanna!)


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3D HIFU ultrasound hifu face lifting wrinkle removal body slimming hifu
Condition: New: A brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item (including handmade items). See the seller's listing for full details. See all condition definitions- opens in a new window or tab ... Read moreabout the condition
Concerns: Wrinkles/Lines/Lifting
Skin Type: All Skin Types
Target Area: Body
Brand: skalet
UPC: Does not apply


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There are several reasons for backing up your email messages. The following are some of the most common reasons for establishing a message archiving policy.
The total cost of backup archive on the cloud is much cheaper than an on-site solution. And more importantly it enables the company to focus and spend its resources on its core businesses.
Due increasing email volume and storage needs, there are very frequent server crashes and email server downtimes. With a backup or archiving solution, an organization can continue to access its complete message record even when its mail servers or local data systems become unavailable.
.... And hence affect business continuity
As the volume of email messages continues to increase, a backup and archiving solution lets organizations reduce message storage from their corporate servers. This reduction in stored messages helps to ensure that server performance is maintained, minimizes storage costs, and greatly simplifies restore operations in the event of a server failure. The IT department of your organization will be able to provide archives that can easily be searched through web browser. It is highly scalable service and allows IT to add new users at will. The size of local mail stores can be dramatically reduced improving performance of mail servers and it also reduce IT support need since individual users would be able to access their own archive and search and restore any email document.
Email Archiving helps to trap organizational memory within the company. It enables the new employee to start skimming the old emails for leads missed out. The employees don't stutter when they meet an existing customer and are better prepared.