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Temporary residence permits and migrant workers07 March 2003
The article below, taken from the China Youth Daily, outlines just one of the problems that face Chinas vast army of migrant workers and reveals the fundamental insecurity of their position within China despite the massive contribution they make to the Chinese economy.
Why have temporary residence identity cards become a nightmare for migrant workers from rural areas?
By Xie Zhiwei
Migrant workers from rural areas are more concerned about their salary and temporary residence identify cards than anything else. They hate and fear delays in their salary payments. The lack of a temporary residence identity card can cause migrant workers to have nightmares. If a migrant worker is discovered by authorities to not have a temporary residence identity card for any reason, he or she will be punished for certain. In addition, this worker could be detained and could even face death.
Recently, a tragedy in Guangzhou was caused by the lack of temporary residence identity cards according to a report in the "Guangzhou Daily" Jan. 26, 2003. Five rural workers were loaded onto a truck after being found without their cards during an inspection by the Security Team under the Qingfengju Neighborhood Committee of Baiyun district in Guangzhou. They fell from the truck when it was travelling at a high speed. One who was slightly injured and fled the scene; two were seriously injured and died in the hospital; another was badly injured and is still in ICU at the hospital. One worker is missing.
This is not the first such report. One young farmer who traveled from Hunan to Guangzhou to find work as a migrant employee died merely because he did not have a temporary residence identity card (fellow workers and members of the security team have different stories about whether he was murdered or committed suicide). A young woman from Sichuan province went to find work in Dongguan, Guangdong province and was badly beaten by members of a security team checking for her temporary residence identity card.
A resident must apply for and have their temporary residence identity cards on their person when working away from where their permanent residence is registered. However, experiences surrounding this card have made migrant workers feel like they have "survived disasters."
At first glance, it seems migrant workers should be punished if they do not have a temporary residence identity card. This card is part of urban administration rules. Applying for a temporary residence identity card is simple and cheap. Why then do some migrant workers refuse to apply for the cards? The author believes that, in addition to the desire to be able to take advantage of opportunities as they arise, the workers cannot afford the expenses entailed in obtaining a card.
Most migrant workers are afraid of the procedures required to obtain a temporary residence identity card. Migrant workers not only have to pay to get the card, they are also unclear as to which cards they should apply for and what procedures they should go through to get the cards. As a result, they may not have one or another particular card, which exposes them to fines and other punishments. To meet government requirements for migrant workers, a migrant worker must have on their person their ID cards, their temporary residence identity card, a work permit, a family planning birth plan certificate, a certificate stating their marital status and a health certificate. Undoubtedly, going through the procedures to obtain these certificates is a burden for migrant workers. To cut costs, some migrant workers expose themselves to risk and play "hide-and-seek" with law enforcers.
Some administrative departments cannot seem to shake their contributions to the problems with migrant worker cards. The State Development Planning Commission and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued a "Notice on clearing and rectifying fees charged to migrant workers" according to which the fee charged for every temporary residence identity card should be no more than RMB5. However, local government departments create a variety of additional fees which are charged at random. In addition, these departments work in an extremely inefficient manner. Some migrant workers complained that it took them a few months to get their temporary residence identity cards, but these cards can be prepared within a few days. Some administrative departments attach greater importance to collecting fees than to providing services. Government services, warped by the desire to earn more cash, have created a damper on the enthusiasm and conscientiousness of migrant workers for following the procedures need to obtain the various required cards.
Enforcing laws in a violent manner is another cause of problems. Some administrative departments hire temporary employees and authorize them to work within a "given scope." Some of these "employees" have little integrity and may even be leaders of local gangs or underground groups. It is easy to imagine what might happen if people of these people are allowed to "enforce laws." They ignore laws and regulations and do whatever they like. Using force to "enforce the law" is part of their life. Migrant workers see these people as evil and avoid them as much as possible. Some administrative departments are extremely tolerant of such "law enforcers." In fact, it is only the support of these departments that allows these "law enforcers" to behave so maliciously and recklessly! Getting rid of the apple that is spoiling the bunch is a necessity. But the author believes efforts must be devoted to getting rid of the root of the problem. Administrative departments must rectify work styles, treat migrant workers decently, protect the legal interests of migrant workers and prevent the repetition of such problems!
China Youth Daily, 2003.02.10, 08


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Thanks to free online meeting tools, you can collaborate with team members no matter where they are. Next time you need to have a quick meeting or collaborate with team members, there's no need to pay for expensive solutions.
Let's look at the best free online meeting apps all teams can take advantage of.
1. Google Tools: Docs, Drive, and More
With the Google Docs suite, your team can work together on spreadsheets, presentations, forms, and more. Using comments, you can leave a note on someone else's work to request a change or leave yourselves a note for later. Google's suite of office apps also includes a chat function for ad-hoc discussions.
It doesn't stop there, though. Google Drive, which is Google's cloud storage platform, lets your team set up its own file storage system. Each person gets 15GB of free space with a personal plan, which should be enough to keep everything in one central location.
Bringing in more Google tools allows for even stronger collaboration. You might set up a shared Google Calendar for your team to keep track of events and meetings, or use Google Duo for easy group video calling. If your team doesn't already use Apple or Microsoft tools for collaboration, Google's offerings are a great starting point.
Chances are that your team can't all be in the same place all the time. For those times when you need to discuss matters over a video call, it doesn't get much easier than Jitsi. It's one of our favorite conference call apps
The 10 Best Apps to Make Free Group Conference Calls
Here are the best free group video call apps to talk with friends or business colleagues, without paying a cent!
Read More
and lets you create a meeting room in your browser with a large number of participants.
The service doesn't require any downloads or plugins, and nobody has to create an account. Simply enter a meeting room name and everyone can connect via audio, video, and a text chat. It even supports dial-in numbers for those who aren't at a computer.
Jitsi supports extra features like sharing your screen and recording the session. If you don't want to pay for a premium offering, this is an excellent free meeting app for most teams.
Slack is an all-in-one team communication tool that provides a place for friendly banter, important discussions, file sharing, and more. By dividing communication topics into channels, members of your team can stay involved with the information they need and ignore items that don't pertain to them.
You can directly message any team member or create private groups for side conversations. Slack provides easy text markup tools, powerful search, a team directory, and all kinds of useful integrations with other apps.
Using Slack for communication is superior to emailing back and forth all the time or using a group chat in something like WhatsApp. Both of those are hard to follow and don't scale well as you add team members. With threaded conversations, @mentions for different groups, the ability to make calls from within the app, and a lot more, Slack is the communication app every modern team needs.
The free plan allows for an unlimited amount of members but limits you to 10 app integrations and the most recent 10,000 messages. It also restricts your team to one-on-one video calls, as group chats are locked behind the premium plans. However, you can always use another solution for this.
If Slack feels too busy for you, find out how Slack compares to Twist
Slack vs. Twist: Which Chat App Is Right for Your Team?
Is Twist better than Slack? How do these team chat apps compare against each other? And which chat app is right for your team?
Read More
, an interesting alternative to Slack.
Speaking of Slack not working for your team, Microsoft Teams is also worth a look. It's a similar service, offering chats organized into channels and direct messages. Like Slack, its free plan allows for unlimited users.
However, Teams offers more for free than Slack. You get 2GB of file storage per user, which is a huge increase from Slack's 5GB overall. Notably, Teams also gives you unlimited chat history, so you won't lose access to conversations that happened long ago. It also has no restrictions on group video calling.
Microsoft Teams might not be as well-known as Slack, but offers a lot for no cost.
Taskade is a relative newcomer to the team collaboration scene. It aims to provide a "unified workspace" where your team can keep track of tasks and work together with ease. After adding your task list, choose to display them in various forms like a list, board, or mindmap.
With Taskade's free plan, you'll have everything you need to get started, including due dates and video calls. You can upgrade to remove a few limitations, but it's not necessary for small teams. Taskade is a great choice if you need a team meeting tool mainly to focus on organizing and completing tasks.
If you need an interactive meeting tool with a whiteboard, Miro can help. It's a powerful collaboration service for brainstorming, designing workflows, drawing maps, and much more.
Miro offers multiple ways to work with your team on a virtual whiteboard, mimicking in-person brainstorming sessions that can bring about great results. Like most collaboration apps, it hooks in with tools like Dropbox and Slack to offer valuable integrations.
The free plan offers you three boards, basic collaboration tools, and allows for anonymous viewing. You'll need to upgrade for more, but you should give this online whiteboard a try to foster teamwork without any markers or running out of board space.
Scheduling Tools for Better Meetings
Hopefully, you've found a free meeting app that works for your team. However, just because you have a suitable service doesn't mean that everything will always go smoothly. Many other factors go into a successful meeting, including proper planning.
For help with this, check out the best meeting scheduling tools
The 6 Best Meeting Scheduling Tools and Apps
A scheduling app makes organizing meetings easier. Here are the best meeting schedulers you can use to decide when to meet.
Read More
so you don't waste time planning your next session.
Free Meeting Tools for Easy Collaboration
With these tools, any small team can manage their data, work together to create documents, and stay in constant communication. While free tools can't match the features of enterprise software, these apps will certainly suffice for teams of just a few people. No matter how you work, you'll find value in them.
For more like this, check out the best free collaboration tools for working from home
The 6 Best Free Online Collaboration Tools for Working From Home
Online collaboration with clients and teams can be complicated. Use these reliable free tools when working from home.
Read More
Image Credit: nd3000/Shutterstock
Source: The 6 Best Free Online Meeting Tools to Collaborate With Your Team
By Ben Stegner
Techylawyer and its authors do not claim to have written this article, we acknowledge the works of the original author

subset: commoncrawl


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- Service Line
- Location
- Architect
This one story Green Building features several meeting spaces, private offices and a shower room. Some of the sustainable design principles used in this project are day lighting for rooms, reduction in water use with plumbing fixtures, regional products such as the brick, windows and shingles, and recycled content finishes. The most important part of being "green" was to illustrate to the community that a "green" building does not have to look green or space age. The majority of the green items could be implemented in any new construction project without substantial additional cost.


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Open House
Live Virtual Open House
January 19, 2021 at 7:00 PM
Join us at our Live Virtual Open House on Tuesday, January 19, 2021 at 7:00 PM. Our live virtual event includes a welcome from our President, an overview of our school from our Principals, speeches from students and segments detailing academics, faith, athletics, clubs, activities and our admissions process. All registered attendees will receive a link to the Virtual Open House.
Should you have questions prior to our Virtual Open House, please contact Mrs. Kerri Moore, Director of Advancement and Admissions, at firstname.lastname@example.com or 204-478-6031.
To find out more about applying to SMA, please visit our Admissons page.
To find out more about financial assistance, please visit our Bursary page.


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News Archive
HASTINGS TRACKWORK 29 Jul 2014
Unbeaten four-year-old Rocky showed he has trained on the right way since his impressive last start win when he hit out strongly in a solo gallop at this morning's Hastings track session.
Fast work was confined to the plough, which was in good order and conducive to quick times.
Rocky galloped 800 metres in 50.8, coming home the last 600 in 37.1 and was striding out well at the finish. The Danroad gelding has had two starts for two wins and lines up next in a Rating 75 race over 1600 metres at Waverley this Thursday.
Viceroy was another who recorded a good time when he ended his solo gallop over 1000 metres with 800 in 50.6, the last 600 in 36.2. Trainer Tim Symes is having trouble finding a suitable race for the horse but may take him to Matamata on Friday week.
Revolution worked over 1000 metres on his own in 1:6.6, running the first 400 metres in an easy 29.9 before sprinting home the last 600 in 36.6. He is a promising three-year-old by Guillotine who finished fourth in his one start earlier this season.
No Change clocked 51.8 for 800 metres, the last 600 in 37.8 and he is another from the Paul Nelson stable who showed plenty of ability earlier this season and looks to have come back well in a new preparation.
Whoopi Gee showed she has trained on well since her minor placing at the last Hawke's Bay meeting by sprinting the last 600 metres of her work in 36. She is likely to start next at the Hawke's Bay meeting on August 7.
Saint Kitt, back for another campaign with trainer Kelly Burne, was given an easy 600 metres in 42.9. He looks in good order.
San Pedro ran the last 800 metres of his work in 54.1, the last 600 in 39.5. He was an impressive winner over 2500 metres at Hastings two starts back but then disappointed at Te Rapa last start.
Seaweed ran a solo 1000 metres in 1:5, the last 600 in 37.9 while Designated Driver and Zed Lepplin ran 1000 metres in 1:9.2, the last 600 in 38.5.
Theodore ended his work with 600 metres in 42.9 while a Starcraft-Irish Belle two-year-old gelding and a Towkay-Yeah Nah three-year-old gelding ran an easy 600 metres together in 42.2.
The Starcraft youngster is a half-brother to this year's Telegraph Handicap winner Irish Fling while the Towkay gelding is a full-brother to another Group 1 winner in Viadana.
Swinging clocked 54.5 for an easy 800 metres, the last 600 in 40.1 while a Red Giant two-year-old filly and an Align three-year-old filly sprinted the last 400 metres of their work in 25.1.
Speed King and Lamborghini were among a number of horses restricted to just three-quarter pace while Hawkeye Chief and Slack The Diver schooled over nine hurdle fences in the centre.
HASTINGS TRACKWORK 25 Jul 2014
A solid workout by Whoopi Gee was the highlight in a reasonably quiet session at the Hastings track this morning.
Fast work was carried out on the plough (slushy) and No.1 grass (heavy).
Whoopi Gee worked in from the 1000-metre peg on the plough in 1:4.9, running the first 400 metres in 27.5 and coming home the last 600 in 37.4. She was placed over 1200 metres at last week's Hawke's Bay meeting and is likely to race next over 1400 metres on the same track on August 7.
Kayleen rounded off her preparation for Saturday's Levin meeting at Otaki with an easy 1000 metres on the grass in 1:12, the last 600 in 40.4. She has drawn wide in the 1380-metre maiden race at Otaki but trainer Kelly Burne said she is a mare that is better off drawn wide where she can be kept in the clear.
Viceroy also worked easily over 1000 metres on the plough in 1:12.5, the last 600 in 41.5. He was also placed at last week's Hawke's Bay meeting but owner-trainer Tim Symes is now having trouble finding a suitable race for him and he may have to head north to Matamata on August 8.
Midnight Molly had trainer Corrina McDougal aboard when running the last 1000 metres of her work in 1:7.2, the last 600 in 38.2 while Base Camp and Waipatiki Girl were among several horses restricted to just three-quarter pace on the plough.
Hawkeye Chief schooled over nine hurdle fences in the centre.
Thedepot wins well at Hastings jumpouts 18 Jul 2014
Thedepot looks to coming along nicely as he gears up for another spring campaign and produced a good winning performance at today's Hastings jumpouts.
There were seven heats run up on the course proper (slow), where the running rail was out 10 metres.
Thedepot contested one of the three 1000-metre heats and coasted to a 1-1/4 length win in a time of 1:3.6. The General Nediym four-year-old was having his first serious gallop since returning from a spell. He is trained by Guy Lowry and Grant Cullen and has recorded a win and four minor placings from 10 starts to date.
Hymn produced a good effort for a maiden when she unwound strongly down the outside of the track to finish second to Thedepot in the jumpout while Mr Hare was third.
Two unraced two-year-olds, by Encosta de Lago and Pins, were good winners of two of the three 750-metre heats.
Both are in the John Bary stable and the Encosta de Lago colt in the John Bary stable bolted in by 6 lengths.
Jumpout results.-
Heat 1, 750m: Pins 2yr-old gelding (S Doyle) 1, Road To Rock 2yr-old gelding 2. Four starters. Winner trained by John Bary, Hastings.
Heat 2, 750m: Encosta de Lago colt (S Doyle) 1, Mastercraftsman-Curbyourenthusiasm 2yr-old filly 2. Four starters. Winner trained by John Bary, Hastings.
Heat 3, 750m: Tres Rapide (M Dravitzki) 1, Voxer 2. Five starters. Winner trained by John Bary, Hastings.
Heat 4, 1000m: Zed 3yr-old gelding (C Studd) 1, Pentire 2yr-old gelding 2, High Chaparral 3yr-old gelding 3. Three starters. Margins: Nose, 4 lengths. Time: 1:5.5. Winner trained by Guy Lowry and Grant Cullen, Hastings.
Heat 5, 1000m: Thdepot (C Anderson) 1, Hymn 2, Mr Hare 3. Six starters. Margins: 1-1/4 lengths, ¾ length. Winner trained by Guy Lowry and Grant Cullen.
Heat 6, 1000m: Far Fetched (K Donnelly) 1, Adventador 2, Beautiful Man 3. Three starters. Margins: 2-1/4 lengths, 5 lengths. Time: 1:3.7. Winner trained by John Bary, Hastings.
Heat 7, 2000m: Joe Cool (S Doyle) 1, Shotgun 2, No Governance 3. Five starters. Winner trained by Paul Nelson, Hastings.
JB ORGANICS HARNESSES A NEW NATURAL PARTNERSHIP 17 Jul 2014
The biggest event on Hawke's Bay's Racing calendar is set to be more spectacular this year with the announcement of a new naming sponsor.
The JB Organics Spring Racing Carnival has the backing of JB Organics owner, John Bostock, who is getting in behind the event to ensure Hawke's Bay Racing is charging ahead.
"We need to harness events in Hawke's Bay which bring the community together and attract people to our region to enjoy a fun day out. We need to drive popular events like the JB Organics Spring Racing Carnival, so we can deliver greater economic impact for Hawke's Bay," said Mr Bostock.
Bigger crowds are expected this year with over 7000 punters expected at the final of the three spring race meets, on Saturday October 4.
Hawke's Bay Racing General Manager, Jason Fleming says he welcomes the new partnership with JB Organics because without the support of key sponsors the event couldn't take place.
"JB Organics support of Hawke's Bay Racing allows the wider brand of Hawke's Bay to shine. It's an obvious partnership because JB Organics and Hawke's Bay Racing have a long history in the Bay."
Mr Bostock, the pioneer of commercial organic apple production in New Zealand says JB Organics is growing beyond expectation as consumers are becoming more educated about where their food comes from and prefer to eat produce, which is chemical free and GMO free.
"The truth is we are what we eat. That's why JB Organics focus is to grow pure and healthy organic products free of synthetic pesticides and other artificial substances. We are keen to further raise awareness about sustainable organic growing practices to preserve and enhance our fertile soils and rivers here in Hawke's Bay. I think pure and organic is what Hawke's Bay is all about so the JB Organics Spring carnival is a fabulous event to showcase this."
Planning is well under way to ensure one of Hawke's Bay's social events of the year is on track to turn heads.
"Every minute detail is either planned or being finalised. There is a great deal of preparation involved to prepare for an event of this scale and we relish the opportunity each year to showcase Hawke's Bay to not only New Zealand but internationally," said Mr Fleming.
"We welcome the younger generation to the racing fraternity because we still face an over-arching ageing fan-base. Hawke's Bay Racing has a challenge to maintain relevance and engagement in the modern entertainment space. We need sponsors like JB Organics who recognise the importance of horse racing to our region who support our goals of delivering events, which promote all the great things that Hawke's Bay has to offer.
Sea King repays HB breeder's persistence 16 Jul 2014
Sea King, the Hawke's Bay-bred winner of last Sunday's $A200,000 Grand National Hurdles and now one of the favourites for the title of New Zealand Jumper of the Year, was lucky to be born at all.
The seven-year-old Shinko King gelding is out of the Prince Of Praise mare Ocean Princess who was so badly affected by grass staggers when carrying Sea King that it was touch and go whether she could be saved.
"He is lucky to be alive," Sea King's Pourerere breeder Sue Harty said this week.
"When the mare was pregnant with him she got the staggers so bad that we almost shot her twice.
"We had to keep turning her over and trying to get her up on her feet as much as possible and she was crook for a long time."
Ocean Princess was able to be saved and the resultant foal has now gone on to win 12 races and more than $365,000 for Harty and her two partners in the horse, Otaki trainer Rachel Frost and Auckland-based Chris O'Reilly.
Sea King was the third foal produced by Ocean Princess. The first was a colt by Mellifont who was unplaced from one start in Singapore while the second was a filly by Kilimanjaro that never raced.
Fearing Ocean Princess would again succumb to grass staggers if kept on her property, Harty decided to get rid of the mare and gifted her to Invercargill trainer Kerry King. She bred a Gold Centre colt out of Ocean Princess called King Tap, who won a maiden race over 1600 metres at Riverton in May of last year but hasn't raced since.
Sea King made it two wins from two Australian starts with an emphatic 4-3/4 length win in last Sunday's 3900-metre Grand National Hurdles at Sandown.
Top Australian jumps jockey Steve Pateman took the gelding to the front in the early stages before getting him to settle well in second place. The horse led again after jumping the second to last fence and raced away over the final stages to credit Pateman with his fourth successive win in the race.
Wanganui-based Kevin Myers has prepared Sea King to win seven hurdle races in New Zealand but sent him to Australia to be trained by Victoria's Patrick Payne.
Payne has now prepared the horse to win the Kevin Lafferty Hurdle at Warnambool on June 29 and last Sunday's Grand National Hurdles. But he was quick to play down the role he has played in the success, saying all the credit has to go to Kevin Myers.
"He sent this horse to me three weeks ago and all I had to do was keep him in one piece," Payne said.
Pateman said he undertook some special homework before climbing aboard Sea King on race day.
"I'd been on the mechanical horse during the week because he drifts in and drifts out so I wanted to make sure I was pretty good at switching to the left and right to keep him straight," he said.
"I dropped my whip in the straight so I just started screaming at him, but he had them beaten anyway."
Sea King was one of two New Zealand horses in the Australian Grand National Hurdles with the other, Indikator, weakening to fifth after being in a challenging position on the home turn.
Patrick Payne is now considering giving Sea King his chance at a rare Grand National double, by running him in the $A250,000 Grand National Steeplechase (4500m) at Sandown on July 27.
Plans are yet to be finalised but the horse is expected to have a trial over steeplechase fences at Cranbourne today and then could have one more start before the Grand National.
"He's got a massive leap on him and our steeples are like the New Zealand hurdles, so I think he will make the transition no problem at all," Payne said.
Mosstrooper, back in 1930, was the last horse to claim the Grand National double in Australia.
If Sea King does line up in the Grand National Steeples he will need a change of rider as Steve Pateman is committed to Bashboy, a horse he rode to a third consecutive Crisp Steeplechase victory at Sandown last Sunday.
Bashboy won the 3900-metre event by 8 lengths and will be aiming for his third straight victory in the Grand National Steeples.
The last New Zealand-owned winner of the Australian Grand National Steeplechase was the 2002 victor Crafty Dancer, who was trained by New Plymouth's John Wheeler.
Harty could have runners in two feature jumping races at Sandown on July 27. She is also the breeder and part-owner of Heeza Tidal Wave, who may contest a $A100,000 hurdle race that day. The Kingfisher Mill gelding, nowadays trained by Monica Croston at Cranbourne, was an impressive last start winner of a 3300-metre hurdle race at Casterton on July 6.
Dundeel top Kiwi-bred performer
Six-time Group One winner Dundeel has been confirmed as the world's best New Zealand-bred performer this season with an international rating of 122.
The former Murray Baker and Andrew Forsman-trained son of High Chaparral earned top billing in the latest World's Best Racehorse Rankings.
Dundeel, or It's A Dundeel as he was known when racing in Australia, only had seven starts during the season for two wins, two seconds, a third and a fourth. He was the only horse to down the previously unbeaten Australian mare Atlantic Jewel when winning the Group 1 Underwood Stakes (1800m) at Caulfield in the spring and returned in the autumn to beat Sacred Falls, Carlton House and Silent Achiever in the Group1 Queen Elizabeth Stakes in Sydney.
He also finished second in both the Group 1 Chipping Norton Stakes (1600m) and Group 1 BMW Stakes (2400m) and third in the Group 1 Ranvet Stakes (2000m) in Sydney.
Dundeel's Queen Elizabeth Stakes triumph, in which he kicked clear off a fast pace, ranks him second only to Northern Hemisphere four-year-old Magician among the world's best entires over 2000 metres on turf.
Dundeel is part-owned by a group of Hawke's Bay people. They are the horse's breeders Murray and Jo Andersen, their daughter Tracy and her husband Gavin Chaplow, Murray's sister Sharyn Craig and her husband Mike and Havelock North couple David and Jenny Morison.
The four-year-old is one of the finalists for the title of top middle distance performer in this season's New Zealand thoroughbred awards and is one of the favourites for the ultimate prize, that of New Zealand Horse of the Year.
In Australia and New Zealand, only the world's top-rated sprinter Lankan Rupee (123) ranks above Dundeel, who retires to Australia's Arrowfield Stud this spring as the winner of 10 of his 19 starts.
New Zealand-bred Sacred Falls is the only other Australasian performer to make the leading group of horses on the published world rankings with a figure of 120.
He won the 1600-metre Group1 Doncaster Handicap for the second time this season, but has been rated on his Queen Elizabeth second behind Dundeel, in the Intermediate category (1900 metres to 2100 metres).
Spalato dominant in Derby
Unbeaten four-year-old Spalato dispelled any doubt about his ability to master 2000 metres with a dominant 4-1/4 length win in last Sunday's Group 1 $S1.15million Singapore Derby.
The New Zealand-bred and owned son of Elusive City ventured beyond 1600 metres for the first time in his burgeoning career and many pundits, including trainer John O'Hara, had doubts about him seeing out the extra 400 metres.
However Spalato was never in any trouble. He raced keenly in the trail in the early stages but once rider Manuel Nunes took him to the front on the home turn victory was never in doubt.
"The distance was the only worry, but obviously he stays," O'Hara said. "Before the race, we decided he could either go forward or take a sit, but I was happier when he took a sit.
Spalato was bred by New Zealand racing photographer Trish Dunell and is raced by her Singapore-based husband Graham Mackie.
The horse is now unbeaten in four starts and has amassed close to $940,000 in prizemoney. He also picked up a $50,000 bonus for winning two legs of the Singapore Four-Year-Old Challenge, the other being the $S500,000 Patron's Bowl (1600m) on June 22.
Spalato is out of the Express Duke mare Ellington, who has also left the placegetter Princeton in Singapore.
A weanling filly by Per Incanto out of Ellington is presently being pre-trained at Hawke's Bay's Lime Country Thoroughbreds and the mare is now in foal to that stud's resident sire Niagara.
Rangatira sidelined
Dashing steeplechaser Rangatira suffered a serious tendon injury during his impressive all the way win in last Saturday's Wellington Steeples and will not be at Ellerslie in September to defend his Great Northern Steeplechase crown.
The horse's Stratford trainer and part-owner, Steve Gulliver, said he sensed there was a problem when the horse arrived back home from Trentham and a veterinary examination has revealed a bowed tendon.
"He's had no problems in the past, he's always been sound as, but these things happen. I can sort of see how he could end up with something like this the way he rips into his fences, but it's still bloody disappointing for me and everyone else. We were really looking forward to having another crack at the Northern."
Rangatira showed tremendous grit last September to make all the running three times over the Ellerslie hill and repel the challenge of southerner Kidunot in the Great Northern Steeples.
Rider Corey Perrett adopted catch-me-if-you-can tactics again with the horse over 5500 metres around the Trentham figure-eight course last Saturday and they never looked like being caught, winning by 14-1/2 lengths.
Gulliver intends seeking the advice of fellow jumps trainers regarding the best course of action to take with Rangatira's injury.
"The vet says it's not hopeless, not as bad as it could be, but first off we've got to keep him locked up and take it from there," he said.
He added that he would consult Hastings trainer Paul Nelson, as he knows he has dealt with similar injuries in the past.
"With a bit of luck we'll be able to get him back. He's not a big heavy horse, so that will be a help." Gulliver added.
HASTINGS TRACKWORK 15 Jul 2014
Frankly, a possible starter in this Saturday's Listed $65,000 Opunake Cup in New Plymouth, hit out strongly in a gallop with stablemate Hesalljazz at this morning's Hastings track session.
Fast work was carried out on the plough (good) and wide out on the No.1 grass (slow).
Frankly was ridden by New Plymouth apprentice Miranda Dravitzki when working with Hesalljazz over 1000 metres on the grass in 1:3.8, coming home the last 600 in a quick 36.8.
Frankly is coming off a last start third behind Mighty Matt and Authentic Paddy over 1400 metres at Awapuni, on July 5, when track conditions were probably far too heavy for her liking that day. She is a consistent mare who could be a good lightweight chance in the Opunake Cup, which is also run over 1400 metres.
Hesalljazz, a last start winner at Hastings on June 28, could also line up at Saturday's Opunake meeting.
Whoopi Gee, entered for Thursday's Hawke's Bay meeting, ended her work on the plough with a quick 600-metre sprint in 36.3.
Price Tag, a two-year-old Darci Brahma filly in the John Bary stable, worked on her own over 1000 metres on the plough in 1:7.3, the last 600 in 38.1. She finished fifth on debut over 1200 metres at Otaki on June 20 and has not raced since.
Super Scot, another entered for Thursday's Hawke's Bay meeting, worked in easily from the 1000-metre peg on the grass and then sprinted home the last 600 in 36.6 while Designated Driver rounded off her work with an easy 600 metres on the plough in 39.4. She was the winner of two races last year.
Midnight Molly worked over two rounds and ran home the last 1000 metres in 1:6.7, the last 600 in 37.7 while Viceroy, another entered for Thursday's Hawke's Bay meeting, ran 800 metres in 51.9, running the first 200 metres in 14.5 and speeding up over the last 600 in 37.4.
Lavish Prince rounded off his preparation for Thursday's Hawke's Bay meeting with an easy 1000 metres in 1:12.8 while Waipatiki Girl, Mr Hare, Lamborghini and The Depot were others in the Lowry/Cullen stable restricted to just three-quarter pace over 1000 metres on the plough.
Casino Jack ran a solo 1000 metres on the plough in 1:8.8, the last 600 in 38.8 while Adventador ended his work with a sprint up the straight but could not be timed in the bad light.
A Pentire two-year-old filly in the Lowry/Cullen stable ended her work with an easy 600 metres in 40.1 while Swinging ran the last 600 metres of his work in 40.5.
A Mastercraftsman two-year-old filly and a Road To Rock two-year-old gelding worked together over 400 metres on the plough in 27.5, with the Mastercraftsman filly travelling very keenly all the way. They are two others in the Lowry/Cullen stable and both are likely to have a jumpout at Hastings this Friday.
Seaweed ran a solo 1000 metres on the grass in 1:7.5 in preparation for Thursday's Hawke's Bay meeting while Base Camp ended his work with 600 metres at three-quarter pace.
Hawkeye Chief schooled over six hurdle fences in the centre and is another entered for Thursday's Hawke's Bay meeting.
HASTINGS TRACKWORK 8 Jul 2014
Sanriba, a probable contender for the Rating 85 race over 1200 metres at Trentham on Saturday, turned in a quick solo gallop at this morning's Hastings track session.
Fast work was confined to the plough, which provided good footing.
Sanriba had the pace on all the way when running 1000 metres in 1:2, the last 600 in 37.1. He has been freshened since finishing fourth over 1400 metres at Woodville in May and his last win was over 1250 metres at Tauherenikau in March.
Base Camp and Aribasan were others who recorded a fast time when they finished off a smart 800-metre gallop with 36.6 for the last 600 metres. Aribasan is a likely runner at the Hawke's Bay meeting on July 17.
Casino Jack worked well on his own over 800 metres in 53.8, the last 600 in 38.9. The Volksraad five-year-old has only had three starts for a win and a third but has not raced since December 2012. He is now in the stable of Patrick Campbell.
Whoopi Gee was kept under a hold when running 800 metres in 58.9, the last 600 in 43.1 and she looks to have trained on well since her last start eighth over 1400 metres at Hastings.
Designated Driver and Hawkeye Chief were not hurried when running 1000 metres in 1:12.6, the last 600 in 41.7 and they are also likely starters at the Hawke's Bay meeting on July 17.
Another Shine and a Citi Habit two-year-old filly worked together over 600 metres in 38.2 while Theodore was kept under a hold when running a solo 1000 metres in 1:14.8, the last 600 in 41.9.
Don't Change ended his work with 400 metres in 27.7. He has not raced since winning over 1000 metres at Trentham in March and looks to have grown during his spell.
Tigger Tahnee and a Don Eduardo three-year-old filly were not hurried when running 800 metres in 59.7, the last 600 in 42.5 while a Zed three-year-old gelding and a Thano four-year-old gelding worked easily together over 800 metres in 59.1, the last v600 in 43.8.
Speed King, Mr Hare, Adventador, Beautiful Man, a Pentire two-year-old filly, a Mastercraftsman two-year-old filly and a Road To Rock two-year-old gelding were members of the Lowry/Cullen stable restricted to just three-quarter pace.
A birthday wish come true 2 Jul 2014
Riding your own horse to win has to be a huge thrill in itself but to notch up a victory aboard that horse on your birthday must rate as something extra special.
That is what Hawke's Bay amateur jockey Rebecca Goldsbury achieved at the Manawatu meeting at Awapuni on Thursday of last week.
Goldsbury turned 22 that day and had two rides at the meeting. She finished sixth aboard Little Storm in the first of the amateur riders' races and then partnered Lady'O to an emphatic 5 length win in the second, a $15,000 Rating 65 event over 2100 metres.
Lady'O is a horse that Rebecca Goldsbury has leased from her breeders, Takapau-based Craig Harvey, Taradale's Doug MacLean and Tim Morris, who now lives in Australia. She races the horse on her own and has the lease until the end of next season.
It is the first horse that she has raced on her own and the mare has now won two races for her after initially winning a maiden race for her owners, when trained at Awapuni by Lisa Latta.
To add to last week's special occasion Lady'O is now trained by Rebecca's father, David Goldsbury, at Waipukurau and he arranged the lease on the mare specifically so that his daughter had a regular mount in amateur races.
It was Rebecca Goldsbury's third success from 11 race rides and one she will never forget.
"It was a huge thrill," she said this week. "Everything worked out perfect."
Goldsbury rides Lady'O in all her trackwork and has obviously built up a great understanding of the mare.
She was not afraid to drop her out to a clear last in the early stages of last week's race and waited until the last 700 metres before making a move. She then circled the field rounding the home bend and Lady'O quickly went up to challenge the leaders before racing clear over the final stages.
"That's the way she races best," Goldsbury said.
"You have to let her settle and find her feet and when I brought her out at the top of the straight she was full of running."
Goldsbury was granted an amateur riders' licence in May of last year and notched her first win aboard King Of Rock in a 2000-metre race at Hastings that month. She has since recorded two wins on Lady'O, the first of them being in 2060-metre event at Wanganui on May 8 this year.
There are five more races in the country for amateur riders this year and Lady'O is now likely to be aimed at the $8000 Rating 85 one run over 2100 metres at Hawera on August 28.
"That is when I will ride her next but she might have a run at the Hastings meeting next week just to keep her ticking over," Goldsbury said.
Lady'O is a six-year-old mare by St Reims out of Organdy and a half-sister to the former top galloper Time Keeper, who won six races in New Zealand including the Group 1 $200,000 Easter Handicap (1600m) at Ellerslie.
The year after Lady'O was born Organdy foaled a full-brother to her called St Sully, who has had one start for a third.
The mare has since produced an unnamed four-year-old mare by Colombia, a two-year-old colt by Encosta de Lago and a weanling colt by Zabeel and is now in foal to Pentire.
Sharing in Rebecca Goldsbury's celebrations at last week's Manawatu meeting was her partner, jumps jockey Charlie Studd, who also chalked up a winner on the programme.
Studd, 35, steered the 33 to 1 outsider Carinya to victory in the $20,000 Restricted Open Steeplechase (4200m).
The four-year-old Golan mare, trained at Marton by Dan O'Leary, was having her first start over the big fences and had only had one previous jumping start in a hurdle race at Te Aroha.
Studd settled her in the rear group for the first half of the race but then improved to sixth with 1400 metres to run and then quickly raced up to join the leaders approaching the second to last fence.
Carinya was only third after jumping the last fence but kept up a sustained finishing burst to get up and win by a neck.
It was English-born Studd's ninth win in New Zealand and his fifth this season. His biggest success to date was when he partnered Snodroptwinkletoes to victory in the $40,000 Pakuranga Hunt Cup at Ellerslie in August of last year and that completed a winning double for him that day as he was also successful aboard Red Hot in the maiden steeplechase.
Studd regularly rides trackwork for a number of trainers at the Hastings racecourse and helps keep his fitness levels up by competing in the top A Grade section of the Ramblers Cycling Club.
He has recorded 50 wins in his homeland of England, where he was based in Haslenere, in the county of Surrey. He has been race-riding for 15 seasons, starting out competing in point-to-point events before becoming what is known as a conditional rider and then turning professional.
Napier couple celebrate win
Napier couple Buddy and Elizabeth Beachen celebrated an overdue success on the racetrack when Gold Wedding took out a $15,000 Rating 65 race over 1400 metres at last week's Manawatu meeting.
The Beachens race the Gold Centre mare by themselves and she was recording her second win, the first being in a 1400-metre maiden race at Trentham in April 2012.
Gold Wedding is trained on the Awapuni track by Lisa Latta and produced a strong finish to win by 1-1/2 lengths from her stablemate Stella Bella.
Gold Wedding was a $10,000 purchase from the festival session of the 2010 Karaka yearling sales. She is the first foal out of the Kilimanjaro mare Gold Circle, who is a full-sister to Nanjara.
The Beachens also shared in the ownership of Nanjara, who won five races from the Latta stable including the Group 3 Manawatu Cup in 2007.
Lowry/Cullen top trainers
The partnership of Guy Lowry and Grant Cullen are the leading Hawke's Bay thoroughbred trainers on wins for the 2013-14 racing season, which ended yesterday.
The pair totalled 22 wins for the year, four more than John Bary and 12 ahead of third placed Patrick Campbell.
Besides their winning tally, the Lowry/Cullen stable also posted 20 seconds and 22 thirds from a total of 213 starters and amassed $392,000 in stakemoney. Their biggest success was when Irish Fling took out the Group 1 $250,000 Telegraph Handicap (1200m) at Trentham in January.
John Bary ended the season with 20 wins, 28 seconds and 26 thirds from 230 starters and his stable totalled just over $830,000 in stakemoney. He produced two Group 1 winners during the season, Survived in the $200,000 Makfi Challenge Stakes (1400m) at Hastings in August and Recite in the $240,000 Levin Classic (1600m) at Otaki in November.
Thomas Russell appeal
A Facebook page has been set up by Palmerston North jockey Darryl Bradley, in conjunction with New Zealand Thoroughbred Racing, so that people can donate money to support injured jockey Thomas Russell, who is still in a serious condition in Christchurch's Burwood Hospital after suffering spinal injuries in a trackwork fall on June 19.
The "Lets help our mate" page provides information on how to donate to the appeal and can be found at: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Thomas-Russell-Fundraiser/556567437787044?fref=ts
All donations will be collected and paid to the Thomas Russell fundraising appeal by NZTR.
The TAB is also keen to support Thomas in his treatment and recovery. So to assist with his financial needs the TAB will donate 10% of total turnover on Jockey Challenges during the month of August. This will be run over 26 thoroughbred race meetings.
Russell, 32, has ridden 276 winners in a career spanning 14 seasons. He started out in Hastings apprenticed to the late Mike Donoghue before stints with other trainers, including Bruce Marsh at Woodville. He trained in partnership for a time with Matamata's Ken Kelso before returning to race-riding and was working for Wanganui trainer Raymond Connors at the time of his accident.
HB races next week
The first Hawke's Bay race meeting of the new season will be held on the Hastings racecourse next Thursday, August 8.
There will be an eight race programme, with the first timed for 12.35pm and the last at 4.40pm.
There will be free admission and the gates will open at 10.30am.
The feature race on the programme will be a $15,000 Open sprint over 1200 metres while there will also be $12,000 Rating 85 races over 2000 and 1400 metres.
New story: Obituary
Studmaster Norm Hawthorne has died
(By John Jenkins)
Norm Hawthorne, a colourful character in thoroughbred racing and breeding circles for many years, died last Sunday in his 87th year.
Hawthorne was a prominent and respected studmaster who stood and managed over 50 stallions during his career and bred and raced several successful horses himself.
He established Hawke's Bay's Paramount Stud in Ngatarawa Road, Bridge Pa, during the late 1960's and stood a number stallions there, the most notable being In The Purple, Diplomatic Agent and Avaray.
In The Purple sired the 1977 Melbourne Cup winner Gold And Black and also left many other top stayers, including Caulfield Cup and AJC Oaks winner How Now, the Adelaide and Brisbane Cups winner Amarant and The Metropolitan Handicap winner Born To Be Queen.
Diplomatic Agent was a sire of top sprinter-milers and left the two-time Telegraph Handicap winner Courier Bay, Epsom Handicap winner Bold Diplomat, George Adams Handicap winner Raywood Lass and the well performed Diplomante.
Horses sired by Diplomatic Agent and Avaray racked up five wins, two seconds and three thirds from 20 races run over a two-day Napier Park meeting in March 1982 and the same two stallions produced three winners at another Napier Park meeting, in November that year.
One of the best horses Norm Hawthorne bred was Validity, who was by Sound Reason out of the Diplomatic Agent mare Lapse. He sold her for $28,000 at the 1982 national yearling sales and she went on to win five races from just 22 starts, including the Dalgety Stakes at Trentham, where she beat the outstanding filly Burletta.
At the height of its operation Paramount Stud offered 24 yearlings at one year's national yearling sales at Trentham.
In 1989 Norm Hawthorne sold up his Hawke's Bay property and headed north where he set up Paramount Lodge in Matamata and some of the stallions he stood there included Mellifont, Colombia, Hunza Court, Mughtanim, Spectacular Love and Imperial Seal.
Colombia was the last stallion to stand on the property before it ceased operation four years ago.
Norm Hawthorne was a tough, no nonsense character who began his working life as a shepherd and later as a farm manager in Wairoa before he ran shearing gangs in the Hawke's Bay, which were subsequently taken over by his son Victor.
Another son Dean moved north with his father to assist in the stud operation before branching out in a successful career as a bloodstock agent.
Highly-respected for his horsemanship and pasture management, Norm Hawthorne's equine reproduction studies also contributed to his life membership of the New Zealand Thoroughbred Breeders' Association.
"Things didn't always go to plan with Norm but he always went hard and was enthusiastic about what he did," recalled Dean Hawthorne.
"He was the type of guy that you could have a blue with one day and a cup of tea with the next."
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text:
Original Research ARTICLE
Localization of Engineered Vasculature within 3D Tissue Constructs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Today, in vitro vessel network systems frequently serve as models for investigating cellular and functional mechanisms underlying angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Understanding the cues triggering the observed cell migration, organization, and differentiation, as well as the time frame of these processes, can improve the design of engineered microvasculature. Here, we present first evidence of the migration of endothelial cells into the depths of the scaffold, where they formed blood vessels surrounded by extracellular matrix and supporting cells. The supporting cells presented localization-dependent phenotypes, where cells adjacent to blood vessels displayed a more mature phenotype, with smooth muscle cell characteristics, whereas cells on the scaffold surface showed a pericyte-like phenotype. Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcription activator of genes involved in cell proliferation and tissue growth, displayed spatially dependent expression, with cells on the surface showing more nuclear YAP than cells situated deeper within the scaffold.
Blood vessel growth within engineered tissues is a critical factor in overcoming insufficient blood perfusion in implants (Shandalov et al., 2014; Mirabella et al., 2017). Endothelial and supporting cell cocultures are often used to generate such blood vessels (Koike et al., 2004; Koffler et al., 2011; Freiman et al., 2016; Landau et al., 2017). While this cell combination spontaneously forms micro-vasculature, the mechanism controlling the process is not well understood.
Endothelial cell migration occurring during angiogenesis is regulated by (1) chemotaxis: the migration of cells in the direction of soluble chemoattractants gradient, (2) haptotaxis: the migration of cells in the direction of tied ligands, and (3) mechanotaxis: the migration of cells in response to mechanical cues. In addition, cell mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix also plays an important role in endothelial cell migration (Lamalice et al., 2007). Distinct differences in vessel network environments exist in the body. For example, single or multiple layers of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) surround large vessels as opposed to intermediate-sized vessels which are surrounded by mural cells that have shared properties of both vSMCs and pericytes, which in many cases, serve as vSMC progenitors (Holger and Christer Betsholtz, 2003; Bergers and Song, 2005; Volz et al., 2015). Hence, cellular phenotype is influenced by the cell's spatial localization. Thus we hypothesized that during the process of blood vessel formation within engineered constructs, endothelial cells migrate in response to stimulation cues and that the phenotype of supporting cells shifts, in accordance with their spatial localization.
This study was designed to assess ECs migration during angiogenesis and the location-specific characteristics of the cells composing the forming vessels within different three-dimensional (3D) constructs. While previous studies examined the dynamics of vessel network formation in vitro (Blinder et al., 2015; Freiman et al., 2016), the present experimental setup aimed to identify the effect of cellular localization at different layers of the scaffold on vessel formation metrics such as migration, proliferation, protein expression and differentiation of endothelial and supporting cells. Understanding these processes can aid in designing improved vascularized constructs, which will enhance graft integration upon implantation.
Materials and Methods
Gelfoam scaffolds were purchased from Pfizer and were cut into pieces 1 cm long, 0.5 cm wide, and 1.5 mm thick pieces. PLLA/PLGA scaffolds were prepared as followed: 0.4 g NaCl particles were covered with 0.24 ml PLLA/PLGA solution, which was dissolved in chloroform, and evaporated overnight. Salt was then leached out by four washes, leaving behind pores within the scaffold. Scaffolds were then cut into 6 mm diameter circles with the thickness of 0.8 mm. Fibrin gel was obtained by mixing thrombin (20 U/ml, Sigma-Aldrich) with fibrinogen (15 mg/ml, Sigma-Aldrich).
Cell Culture
Human adipose microvascular endothelial cells (HAMECs; ScienceCell), lentivirally transduced with ZsGreen fluorescent protein, were grown in endothelial cell medium (ScienceCell), supplemented with 5% FBS (ScienceCell), and endothelial cell growth supplement (ScienceCell), and used for five to nine passages. Neonatal normal human dermal fibroblasts (HNDFs) (Lonza Walkersville Inc.) were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) (Gibco), supplemented with 10% FBS (HyClone), 1% non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), 0.2% β-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich), and 1% penicillin–streptomycin solution (PEN STREP) (Biological Industries). Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) (Lonza) were cultured in low glucose DMEM (Gibco), supplemented with 10% FBS (HyClone), 1% NEAAs, 1% GlutaMAX (Gibco), and 1% penicillin–streptomycin-nystatin solution (Biological Industries). Three dimensional, vascularized constructs were obtained by coseeding endothelial cells (3 × 105 cells) and DPSCs (9 × 105) or fibroblasts (0.6 × 105 cells) in 20 µl medium on the gelfoam or in 7 µl fibrin on the PLLA/PLGA scaffolds followed by incubation of 30 min, before addition of medium. For the mitomycin experiments, 5 ml mitomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) was applied to the fibroblast cells 2 h before seeding, and washed twice with PBS.
Lentivirus Packaging and HAMEC Transduction with ZsGreen and dTomato Fluorescent Proteins
The Lenti-X HTX Packaging System (Clontech, a fourth generation) was used to generate recombinant, replication-incompetent VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviruses, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Transfection of the expression vector into the Lenti-X 293 T packaging cells (Clontech) was performed in a Lenti-X HTX Packaging mix. The supernatants of transfected packaging cells were collected 72 h later and filtered through a 45-μm filter before being added to the HAMECs, with 6 mg/ml polybrene (Sigma-Aldrich). The transduction medium was replaced by culture medium 24 h thereafter, and cells were then cultured for 72 h to allow gene product accumulation in the cells. Cells were then selected using 1 mg/ml puromycin (Takara Bio Company).
Whole-Mount and Cryosection Immunofluorescence Staining
Whole constructs were fixated in paraformaldehyde (4%), for 20 min, and then permeabilized with 0.3% Triton X-100 (Bio Lab Ltd.), for 10 min. Constructs were then washed with PBS and immersed overnight in BSA solution (5%; Millipore). Samples were then incubated with goat antihuman VE-cadherin (1:100; Santa Cruz), mouse antihuman Yes-associated protein (YAP) (1:100; Santa Cruz), mouse antihuman NG2 (1:100; Santa Cruz), rabbit antihuman vWF (1:150; Abcam), rabbit antihuman β-catenin (1:100; Sigma-Aldrich), or mouse antihuman Ki67 (1:20, DAKO) antibodies, overnight, at 4°C. Constructs were then treated with Cy3-labeled (1:100; Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratory), Cy5-labeled (1:100; Jackson Immunoresearch Laboratory), or Alexa-488 (1:400; ThermoFisher Scientific) antibodies, mixed with DAPI (1:1000; Sigma-Aldrich), for 2 h, at room temperature. For the phalloidin staining, constructs were treated with FITC phalloidin (1:100; Sigma-Aldrich) and DAPI for 20 min. For the mitomycin experiment, mitomycin-treated cells and control cells without mitomycin were fixated in paraformaldehyde (4%), for 20 min on day 10 of culture, and then incubated in a 30% (wt/vol) sucrose solution overnight, embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound (Tissue-Tek) and frozen for subsequent cryosectioning (5–20 µm). Standard protocols were used for H&E and Masson's trichrome staining of the sections.
Construct Imaging and Quantification of the Images
Whole vascularized constructs were imaged using a confocal microscope (LSM700, Zeiss), equipped with 20× and 63× oil immersion lenses. Three-dimensional images were projected into 2D images, using maximum intensity projection, and the stacks were then separated into three main regions: the surface (0–10 µm), middle (10–20 µm), and deeper (20 μm-end) areas of the scaffold. Confocal images were then analyzed using a self-written algorithm in MATLAB, for ki67 quantification: images were transformed into binary images and pixel density was calculated. Vessel quality was determined using a self-written algorithm in MATLAB: images were transformed into binary images and the eccentricity parameter, an indicator of the deviation of an element from circularity, was calculated for each separate element in the image. Elongated vessels received a higher eccentricity score, whereas, cells clusters and disrupted vessels, which are more circular, receive lower eccentricity scores. Imaris software (BITPLANE) was used to detect YAP and β-catenin localization through the 3D image.
Statistical Analysis
Presented data include the mean ± SD. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to examine the influence of two independent categorical variables, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests. Results were considered significant for p < 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using a computerized statistical program (GraphPad Software). Experiments were repeated three times.
Vessel Formation within 3D Constructs
To follow vessel formation dynamics within 3D structures, a coculture of HAMECs and HNDFs was seeded into a gelfoam scaffold. After 7 days of culturing, cells were stained for VE-cadherin and were imaged using a confocal microscope. A sheet-like structure of an endothelial cell monolayer was observed on the surface of the scaffold, whereas in the scaffolds depth, cells began to form microvessels (Figure 1A). On day 14 postseeding, the endothelial cell monolayer structure was no longer observed and only microvessels were observed in the scaffolds depth; 3D confocal imaging showed that these vessels were lumenalized. In addition, at the same time point, a dense fibroblast layer was apparent on the scaffold surface and around the vessels (Figure 1B; Figures S1 and S2 in Supplementary Material). To confirm that this phenomenon was not limited to a certain scaffold or cell type, dTomato HAMECs were seeded with DPSCs into a PLLA/PLGA scaffold, which was then stained with DAPI and phalloidin. DPSCs were mainly observed on the scaffold surface and endothelial micro-vessels were seen within the scaffold depth (Figure 2).
Figure 1. Endothelial cell configuration throughout a 3D gelfoam scaffold. ECs and fibroblasts were seeded into a gelfoam scaffold and were fixated and then stained for VE-cadherin (green) and with DAPI nuclear stain (blue). Images demonstrate the endothelial cell morphology at different depths of the scaffold (A) after 7 days in culture. ECs on the scaffold surface formed a sheet and vessels began to form in the depths of the scaffold. (B) On day 14 of culturing, a fully developed vessel network was observed in the scaffold depths. Scale bar indicates 50 µm.
Figure 2. Vessel localization is not limited to a certain scaffold or cell type. Vessel morphogenesis within a PLLA-PLGA scaffold embedded with fibrin, at different depths of the scaffold. Cells were stained with phalloidin (green) and DAPI (blue). ECs were marked with dTomato (red). Scale bar indicates 50 µm.
PHD2 Expression throughout the Scaffold
We hypothesize that EC migration toward the scaffolds interior might be due to hypoxia. It is recognized that secretion of VEGF increases in hypoxic conditions (Shweiki et al., 1992) which consequently triggers EC migration. Transversed cryosections were stained with PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain 2), which flags hypoxia inducing factor alpha subunits for ubiquitin-proteasome degradation under normoxic conditions (Carmeliet and Jain, 2011). PHD2 expression was higher at the scaffold surface as compared to the scaffolds depth (Figures 3A,B). Hence, the increasing hypoxic conditions at the scaffold depths may have triggered the ECs to form vessels there.
Figure 3. PHD2 expression throughout the scaffold. (A) Staining of a transversed cryosection with PHD2 (blue), endothelial cells are marked in green and fibroblasts in red. (B) Quantification of PHD2 expression at the scaffold surface and in the scaffold depth. (n = 3) **P-value <0.01.
Fibroblast Localization and Proliferation throughout the Scaffold
To examine fibroblast characteristics in the 3D constructs, a HAMEC and HNDF coculture was seeded into the gelfoam scaffold and grown for 14 days, fixated and stained for CD31, to mark the ECs, and for PDGFRβ and αSMA, to mark the pericytes; expression of the two proteins has been shown to increase during the recruitment of pericytes to stabilize the forming vessels (Welti et al., 2013). Confocal imaging revealed that PDGFRβ-expressing cells were located both on the scaffold surface and in the scaffold depths (Figure 4), whereas αSMA-expressing cells were mainly located around the vessel network in the scaffold depth. To assess the degree of cell proliferation at the various scaffold locations, samples were stained for Ki67. Ki67-expressing fibroblasts were significantly more frequent on the scaffold surface compared to the scaffold depth (Figure 5), suggesting that cell proliferation decreased within the deeper layers of the scaffold, closer to the forming vessels.
Figure 4. PDGFRβ and αSMA expression across the scaffold. Gelfoam scaffolds seeded with ECs and fibroblast, were cultured for 14 days and then stained for: (A) CD31 (green) and PDGFRβ (blue) or (B) CD31 (red) and αSMA (green). Expression patterns were assessed at various depths of the scaffolds. Scale bar indicates 50 µm.
Figure 5. Ki67 expression across the scaffold. (A) Gelfoam scaffolds were seeded with ECs and fibroblast, cultured for 14 days, and then stained for Ki67 (red) and VE-cadherin (green). (B) Expression patterns were assessed at various depths of the scaffolds. The percentage of Ki67-positive cell on the surface and the depth of the scaffold was quantified. Scale bar indicates 50 µm. (n = 3) **P-value <0.01.
Since canonical Wnt signaling has been implicated in cell proliferation (Clevers, 2006), and is involved in supporting cell recruitment to forming vessel (Reis and Liebner, 2013), we next examined the expression patterns of proteins which play a central role in the Wnt canonical pathway within the cells composing the forming vessels. Cells grown on the scaffolds for 14 days were stained for YAP, β-catenin, and VE-cadherin. Localization of YAP in the fibroblast nucleus was only observed in the layers closer to the scaffold surface and its levels decreased with closer proximity to the scaffold core, where the endothelial cells were localized (Figure 6A). Fibroblasts β-catenin showed cytoplasmic localization, which also decreased in the scaffold depths (Figure 6B). For the cells grown for 4 days, cytoplasmic β-catenin and nuclear YAP were observed within the ECs sheets located on the surface of the scaffold, which formed at the earlier stages of culturing (Figure 6C).
Figure 6. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and β-catenin expression across the scaffold. (A) Gelfoam scaffolds seeded with ECs and fibroblasts were stained for YAP (red), DAPI (blue), VE-cadherin (green), and β-catenin (yellow), 14 days after seeding. Various depths of the scaffolds were assessed for expression patterns. (B) Left—a representative graph of the distribution of nuclear YAP expression as a function of scaffold depth. EC location is marked by two green lines. Middle—quantification of nuclear YAP fluorescence intensity on the scaffold surface versus in areas in which ECs were observed. (n = 4) ***P-value <0.001. Right—quantification of β-catenin fluorescence intensity on the scaffold surface versus in the areas in which ECs were observed. (n = 3) *P-value <0.05. (C) ECs cultured for 4 days, at the surface of the scaffold formed sheets and expressed cytoplasmic β-catenin (yellow) and nuclear YAP (red). Scale bar indicates 50 µm. *P-value <0.05.
Fibroblast Proliferation Affects Vessel Formation
The heightened expression of nuclear YAP and cytoplasmic β-catenin and more extensive cell proliferation on the scaffold surface, led us to investigate the role of Wnt signaling and specifically, of fibroblast proliferation in vasculogenesis. To this end, fibroblasts were treated with mitomycin prior to seeding and cell-embedded constructs were then grown for 7 or 10 days before being transversely cryosectioned. Confocal images of the various constructs revealed that the ECs seeded with mitomycin-treated fibroblasts, failed to form vessel networks (Figures 7A,B). In addition, the ECs in these constructs did not penetrate into the scaffold depths (Figure 7C), and remained localized in the same plane as the fibroblasts. Hematoxylin and eosin and trichrome stainings revealed a dense, thick layer of cells and collagen on the surface of scaffolds containing untreated fibroblasts, whereas the constructs with mitomycin-treated cells showed a thin layer, with less collagen deposition (Figures 8A,B, dashed box).
Figure 7. Mitomycin-treated fibroblasts impair blood vessel formation. Fibroblasts (red) treated with mitomycin were cocultured with ECs (green) on scaffolds, for 7 or 10 days. Images of mitomycin-treated and untreated scaffolds on (A) day 7 and (B) day 10 of culturing, at different depths of the scaffold. (n = 3) **P-value <0.01. (C) Quantification of vessel quality, assessed using the complexity parameter. Scale bar indicates 50 µm.
Figure 8. Cell layer and collagen density bearing mitomycin-treated fibroblasts. Scaffolds containing ECs and either untreated or mitomycin-treated fibroblasts, were cultured for 10 days. Transverse cryosections were then stained with (A) hematoxylin and eosin or (B) Masson's trichrome. Dashed box indicates scaffold surface areas with dense tissue under normal conditions and thin tissue under mitomycin treatment. Scale bar indicates 400 µm.
ECs Seeding on Scaffolds Precultured with Fibroblasts
Following the observed migration of ECs from the scaffold surface to its depth, when coseeded with fibroblasts, we set out to determine whether this migration occurs in the presence of a preexisting fibroblast layer. To this end, RFP-expressing HNDFs were seeded onto a gelfoam scaffold, and cultured for 12 days before Zs-green-expressing HAMECs were added to the culture. Despite the dense fibroblast layer, the endothelial cells migrated toward the inner part of the scaffold, where they formed a vessel network within 5 days (Figure 9). This migration might be due to the previously described hypoxic conditions in the scaffold depth.
Figure 9. ECs penetration of a precultured fibroblasts layer. ECs (green) were seeded on scaffolds precultured with fibroblasts (red) for 12 days. Images were taken at the different depths of the scaffold, 5 days after reseeding. Scale bar indicates 50 µm.
To date, integration of engineered grafts into host tissue remains one of the main obstacles in tissue engineering. Growth of mature and functional blood vessels within the engineered constructs can overcome this problem, by ensuring graft perfusion, thereby preventing localized necrosis, until host-graft composite vessels are established (Shandalov et al., 2014). Biomimetic models designed to investigate vasculogenesis and angiogenesis processes (Nguyen et al., 2013; Landau et al., 2017; Perry et al., 2017) will ultimately empower construction of improved blood vessel networks.
In this study, tissue engineering techniques were used as a platform to investigate blood vessel development and to investigate cell properties throughout 3D environments of vascular networks. For this purpose, a combination of ECs and fibroblasts or DPSCs was seeded into both PLLA-PLGA scaffolds and gelfoam gelatin sponges. The cell combination formed vessels in a spatially dependent manner, with dense layers of fibroblasts in the surface area and EC-rich vessels, with a thin enveloping fibroblast layer, in the depths of the scaffold. Moreover, the cells showed location-distinct characteristics across the scaffold, with the fibroblasts on the surface appearing to be more proliferative, and expressing more nuclear YAP, while those surrounding the vessels deep within the scaffold, expressed more αSMA.
Mural pericytes impart a nascent vessel stabilizing effect, via a process mediated by various cytokines such as, TGF-β1, which promotes mesenchymal precursor cells differentiation into pericytes, and EC-derived platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF-B), which recruits PDGFR-β-expressing pericytes, which, in turn, migrate toward the forming vessel and surround it (Welti et al., 2013). In the present model, PDGFR-β expression was observed in cells on the scaffold surface and in the cells surrounding the vessels deep within the scaffold, leading us to conclude that PDGFR-β-expressing cells are located all over the scaffolds and are being recruited toward the nascent vessels. In contrast, αSMA expression in vessel supporting cells was rarely detected in cells at the scaffold surface, and distinctly localized around mature vessels, likely mechanically stabilizing the forming vessel. This observation is in keeping with reports of mechanical contractile forces on vessels induced by pericytes enveloping vessels (Bergers and Song, 2005; Volz et al., 2015).
Wnt has been shown to play a significant role in vascular morphogenesis and to promote cell proliferation. When the Wnt pathway is active, cytoplasmic YAP is inhibited, resulting in its accumulation in the nucleus, which, in turn, leads to stabilization of β-catenin in the cell cytoplasm. In contrast, in the absence of Wnt signaling, YAP/TAZ takes part in a destruction complex that degrades β-catenin (Cheng et al., 2003; Azzolin et al., 2014). Thus, we hypothesized that the observed accumulation of nuclear YAP and cytoplasmic β-catenin in the cells located on the scaffold surface, were in a "Wnt ON" state, which could explain the high proliferation rate recorded at the scaffold surface. In contrast, the cells in the inner part of the scaffolds were likely in a "Wnt OFF" state, with lower nuclear YAP and β-catenin levels. When inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, blood vessels failed to form. Thus, we hypothesize that the excessive proliferation of the supporting cells at the scaffold surface, which leads to higher production of ECM, and higher secretion of proangiogenic factors is a prerequisite for blood vessel formation and stabilization.
Additionally, the cells forming the endothelial sheets appeared to express nuclear YAP and cytoplasmic β-catenin. The wnt/β-catenin pathway has been shown to enhance the recruitment of mural cells by PDGF-B and to stabilize the forming vessel (Reis and Liebner, 2013). Thus, we speculate that the endothelial sheets recruit the supporting cells, which then provide mechanical support (Bergers and Song, 2005) and proangiogenic signals (Welti et al., 2013), enabling formation of blood vessels.
The presented model is unique in its reproducibility, independent of the specific cell types or the biomaterials that were used. Coseeding endothelial cells and supporting cells, from different primary cells, within supportive 3D environments allows for the formation of vessel-like structures. The culture conditions for vessel formation, such as cell ratios and media content, may vary according to the specific cell type and specific donor. However, once the vessel network is formed, endothelial cell migration into the scaffold depth and proliferation of supporting cells on the scaffold surface were detected. Though, we cannot exclude that altering the experiment design and the cell type will result in a different phenomenon. The ability to track these processes within 3D environments in vitro will enable us to further characterize location-specific cell characteristics.
Author Contributions
ShiL performed the research; ShiL, SG, and ShuL designed the research, analyzed the data, and wrote the article.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The reviewer AS and handling Editor declared their shared affiliation.
This work was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP/2007-2013): ERC Grant Agreement no. [281501 – ENGVASC] and by the I-CORE Program of the Planning and Budgeting Committee and The Israel Science Foundation (Grant # 1902/12). We thank Janette Zavin for her help with cryosections and histology.
Supplementary Material
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at http://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00002/full#supplementary-material.
Figure S1. NG2 and VWF staining of vessel constructs. ECs and fibroblasts were seeded into a gelfoam scaffold, fixed and then stained for vWF (red, for ECs) and NG2 (green, for fibroblasts). Images present the endothelial cell and fibroblast morphology at different depths of the scaffold on day 14 of culturing.
Figure S2. Lumenized vascular networks. 3D confocal imaging show lumen formation within the vessels, ZY and ZX are transverse views of the vessels.
Azzolin, L., Panciera, T., Soligo, S., Enzo, E., Bicciato, S., Dupont, S., et al. (2014). YAP/TAZ incorporation in the β-catenin destruction complex orchestrates the Wnt response. Cell 158, 157–170. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.013
Bergers, G., and Song, S. (2005). The role of pericytes in blood-vessel formation and maintenance 1. Neuro Oncol. 7, 452–464. doi:10.1215/S1152851705000232
Blinder, Y. J., Freiman, A., Raindel, N., Mooney, D. J., and Levenberg, S. (2015). Vasculogenic dynamics in 3D engineered tissue constructs. Sci. Rep. 5, 17840. doi:10.1038/srep17840
Carmeliet, P., and Jain, R. K. (2011). Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis. Nature 473, 298–307. doi:10.1038/nature10144
Cheng, C., Smith, S. K., and Charnock-Jones, D. S. (2003). Wnt-1 signaling inhibits human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and alters cell morphology. Exp. Cell Res. 291, 415–425. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.07.006
Clevers, H. (2006). Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and disease. Cell 127, 469–480. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.10.018
Freiman, A., Shandalov, Y., Rozenfeld, D., Shor, E., Segal, S., Ben-David, D., et al. (2016). Adipose-derived endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells enhance vascular network formation on three-dimensional constructs in vitro. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 7, 5. doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0251-6
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Koffler, J., Kaufman-Francis, K., Shandalov, Y., Yulia, S., Egozi, D., Dana, E., et al. (2011). Improved vascular organization enhances functional integration of engineered skeletal muscle grafts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 14789–14794. doi:10.1073/pnas.1017825108
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Nguyen, D.-H. T., Stapleton, S. C., Yang, M. T., Cha, S. S., Choi, C. K., Galie, P. A., et al. (2013). Biomimetic model to reconstitute angiogenic sprouting morphogenesis in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 110, 6712–6717. doi:10.1073/pnas.1221526110
Perry, L., Ben-Shaul, S., Landau, S., and Levenberg, S. (eds) (2017). "Co-culture systems for vasculogenesis," in Vascularization for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 1–29.
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Shandalov, Y., Egozi, D., Koffler, J., Dado-Rosenfeld, D., Ben-Shimol, D., Freiman, A., et al. (2014). An engineered muscle flap for reconstruction of large soft tissue defects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 111, 6010–6015. doi:10.1073/pnas.1402679111
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Keywords: blood vessels, angiogenesis, 3D scaffolds, pericytes, migration
Citation: Landau S, Guo S and Levenberg S (2018) Localization of Engineered Vasculature within 3D Tissue Constructs. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 6:2. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00002
Received: 24 September 2017; Accepted: 04 January 2018;
Published: 22 January 2018
Edited by:Andrea Banfi, University of Basel, Switzerland
Reviewed by:Arnaud Scherberich, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
Enrico Lucarelli, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IRCCS), Italy
Copyright: © 2018 Landau, Guo and Levenberg. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Shulamit Levenberg, firstname.lastname@example.com


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text: Construct's Merge node acts as a joining tool. It relates records from two or more datasets by matching values in one or more columns. Refer to the Construct User Manual within the Construct Application for a more complete explanation of the Merge function. Go to Help > Contents > Index > Then use the search bar. Or watch the Merging data video here at the website.


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Rihanna Kidnaps Fans With Tidal's Help In 'BBHMM' Promo Caperby Matthew Scott Donnelly | PopCrush
If you're not the wife of an accountant Rihanna's plotting to kill (may God have mercy on her soul…), being the superstar's captive sort of sounds aces.
The singer, whose dark, bloody "Bitch Better Have my Money" video began terrorizing viewers this morning (July 2), recently partnered with TIDAL to faux-kidnap her fans (naturally). In the video above, a group of avowed Rihanna Navy members are blindfolded, packed into a bus and…ushered to the video's exclusive premiere? If this is capture-protocol, we'll gladly bind and gag ourselves in preparation.
The group is apprehensive at first ("We have no idea what we're waiting for," one RiRi supporter notes as he awaits what's behind the curtain), but they all oblige, anyway. After finally arriving at the Bob Baker Marionette Theater, they're greeted by dangling skeletons in neon party hats, a series of twinkling stars and, of course, Rihanna, who thanks them for coming and eagerly shares her new short film.
"I'm coming to mingle with you, by the way," she mentions in a last note. ABDUCTIONS ARE SIMPLY THE BEST!
Finally, Rihanna kisses cheeks, autographs biceps and shares some laughs with her fans. In other words, they experience the total inverse of the "BBHMM" victims, one of whom got a bottle cracked over her head in the name of collections.
Check out the video for a meet-and-greet for the ages, and if you're experienced the glory that is meeting Rihanna in person, feel free to share your encounter in the comments.
See celebs' most identifiable tattoos:


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Veterinary Oath
Being admitted to the profession of veterinary medicine, I solemnly swear to use my scientific knowledge and skills for the benefit of society through the protection of animal health and welfare, the prevention and relief of animal suffering, the conservation of animal resources, the promotion of public health, and the advancement of medical knowledge.
I will practice my profession conscientiously, with dignity, and in keeping with the principles of veterinary medical ethics.
I accept as a lifelong obligation the continual improvement of my professional knowledge and competence.
Dr. Zach Marteney
Medical Director
A lifelong lover of all things furry, four-legged, or feathered, Dr. Marteney wanted to be a veterinarian from a young age. He studied veterinary medicine at Kansas State University, graduating in 2012. After completing additional training in small animal medicine and surgery, he worked in emergency medicine before finding his calling in general practice. Dr. Marteney's special interests include preventive care, soft tissue surgery, wound management, and exotic animal medicine.
Dr. Marteney is a transplant from Kansas but enjoys living on the East Coast with his wife and daughter and a home full of pets. In his free time, he can be found outdoors mountain biking, snowboarding, or hiking, or at home brewing beer and cider.
Dr. Holly Hansen
Dr. Holly Hansen is a born and raised "Jersey girl". She completed her undergraduate studies at Felician College in Lodi, NJ graduating with a Bachelor's degree in Biology. She earned her DVM degree in 2005 from Tufts University-School of Veterinary Medicine. She then completed a one-year small animal medicine and surgery internship outside of Chicago.
Prior to becoming a veterinarian though, she worked at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner's Office in Newark, NJ covering multiple counties as a medical crime scene investigator for quite a few years.
Her interests in veterinary medicine include feline medicine, geriatric medicine, and internal medicine. She shares her home with a clowder of felines. She speaks "cat", but absolutely loves all kinds of animals.
In her spare time, she enjoys the beach, going to the movies, watching football, concerts, music, anything Barry Manilow, and horror conventions.
Ruleena Barreto, Practice Manager
Ruleena developed her love of animals as a young child growing up in India. As a teenager, she spent much of her time volunteering with various non- profit animal welfare organizations and fostering dogs, cats, and birds in desperate need. Many of these animals suffered from debilitating physical injuries and serious behavioral problems resulting from trauma.
After moving to the United States, she obtained her Bachelors degree in Animal Science with a minor in Equine Science from Rutgers University in 2016. Ruleena has traveled to Belize and South Africa where she gained knowledge and experience in large animal and wildlife veterinary medicine. She had the unique opportunity to work with exotic species such as lion cubs, cheetahs, wild ruminants, and exotic birds.
Ruleena loves to spend time with her feline son Aymard and even take him out on hikes! In her spare time, she enjoys travel and excursions with family and friends.
Brittni, Office Manager
Brittni began working at Meadowlands Veterinary Hospital in May 2017 when the hospital first opened. Since a young age, Brittni has had a true passion for helping animals. During high school and college, Brittni volunteered with rescues and shelters helping animals find their forever homes. She graduated from Fairleigh Dickinson University with a Bachelors degree in psychology and is currently working on her veterinary technician certification at Penn Foster. She enjoys spending time with her family and fur-children, Budha and Cheetara.
Emily Duvall, Veterinary Assistant
Emily has always had a special place in her heart for animals. After working at a doggy day care for 2 years, she found purpose in working with animals. She is very excited to explore the field of veterinary medicine and is enjoying the journey. She recently graduated with a Bachelors degree in Sociology and is now continuing her education and working towards her Veterinary Technician Certification.
In her spare time, she loves to paint and draw, or go on hikes with her 8-year-old Boxer named Domino (who loves to cuddle and gives lots of kisses).
Michelle Millan, Client Care Supervisor
Michelle joined the MVH team in November 2018 and is excited to start her career in the veterinarian industry. In her spare time she travels with her husband and hikes with her 3 year old Chihuahua named Bella. Michelle also has 2 Sun Conures names Mango and Lola that love to drive her crazy. They love to chew off all the molding on the doors. Michelle looks forward to speaking to you and booking your next appointment.
Kimberly Glasier, Client Care Representative
Kimberly started with Meadowlands Vet in 2019, she has always been passionate about working with animals and is excited to start her journey with the MVH family. Kim loves going on excursions and beach adventures with her adorable 2 year old yellow lab named Bruno. She is also a fantastic baker and loves baking pet-friendly baked goods for our events, we like to call her creations 'Freshly Baked by Kim.' She hopes to pursue her career as a veterinary technician in the near future.
Crystal Vankoughnet, Veterinary Technician
Crystal has been in the veterinary field for over 20 years! She attended Tufts University where she studied parasitology and went on to co-start a parasitology department at one of the leading veterinary service companies. She has been a Veterinary Technician for as long as she can remember and loves every single bit of it.
Crystal lives in Bergen County with her husband and 2yr old son. Crystal loves exploring state parks, traveling, trying new cuisines, and reading.
Katherine Bermudez, Kennel Assistant
Katherine Bermudez – Kathy is one of the newest additions to the MVH family starting May 2020. Kathy has always loved animals and that love has only grown since being able to learn more about different kinds of pets. She has been in the veterinary field for a little over 2 years and has found her true passion in veterinary medicine. She is eager to keep learning and plans on pursuing her veterinary technician certification in the near future. In her free time, Kathy loves going on hikes, painting, and spending time with her 10-year-old Maltipoo, Luna.


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You are now leaving Copper State Credit Union's website and are going to a website that is not operated by the credit union.
Copper State Credit Union is not responsible for the content or availability of linked sites. Please be advised the Copper State Credit Union does not represent either the third party or you, the member, if you enter into a transaction. Further, the privacy and security policies of the linked sites may differ from those practiced by Copper State Credit Union. We encourage you to review the Privacy and/or Security policies of others, as they may differ from those of Copper State Credit Union.
Our Virtual Annual Meeting was held on Saturday, July 11, 2020 at 9:00 AM via Zoom. We reflected on the highlights and accomplishments of our stronger together merger between Deer Valley Credit Union and Canyon State Credit Union as well as discussed our credit union's financials and plans for the future.
For your viewing convenience, here is the Annual Report and the Agenda from our meeting. Thank you to those who participated in our Virtual Annual Meeting!


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Mother's Day
In Canada, Mother's Day is the most popular festival after Christmas and Valentines Day. People pay tribute to their mothers on this day and thank them for their life-long love and support. Mother's Day is celebrated in over 40 countries around the world! The exact date of this holiday, however, varies from country to country. The way in which this … <entire article…>
Celebrating Easter
We Love a Parade In various cities in North America, Easter is celebrated with an annual parade. New Orleans: There are three parades: the Historic French Quarter Parade, the Chris Owens Parade and the annual Gay Parade. New York: Folks walk down Fifth Avenue wearing fancy Easter hats – "bonnets" in this annual parade which has been held since the … <entire article…>
WOW! Beachers Know Their Movies!
Thanks to everyone who sent us your Oscar winnig predictions. We were overwelmed with entries from enthusiastic "movie-goers". Although no one picked all eight winners, three did predict seven – amazing! Everyone with three or more correct answers was entered into the draw. The winner of four movie passes to the Alliance Cinema in the Beach is Anne West. The … <entire article…>
Wildflowers Springing Up Everywhere
Spring is a time when days are warm, but night temperatures may still drop below freezing. One of the first signs of spring is the number of flowers that begin to bloom, some even before the snow is gone. Brightly coloured buds push up through the soil, seduced by the longer days and warmer sun. Spring wildflowers have a tough … <entire article…>
Spring into a Fresh New Start
Spring in Canada is one of the most treasured seasons, partly because it's so short and so beautiful. For a few short weeks, we have cool evenings, warmer days, and we watch the daylight hours growing longer. Best of all, gardens and trees are covered in pale spring green buds and lacy blossoms. New leaves and spring flowers in vivid … <entire article…>