text:
The "Memoirs" of Thomas Donaldson
Edited By Watt P. Marchman
The Memoirs are in three sections according to dates
Dated 1872-1877
Dated 1878-1880
Dated 1881-1893
Thomas Corwin Donaldson, "one of my personal friends, a young man of talents and wonderful energy," as President Hayes described him in May 1879, was born in Columbus, Ohio, on December 27, 1843, the eldest son of Luther and Jane Ijams Donaldson who were natives of Maryland. Luther Donaldson was a Columbus banker (Miller, Donaldson & Co.) and a Columbus city councilman for many years (1853-1872), president of the council (1859-1871), and a police commissioner (1873). He was also a vice president (1880) and director of the Columbus Cabinet Company, manufacturer of furniture and chairs.
"Tom" Donaldson was educated in the Columbus schools and at Capital University. When the Civil War broke out, "Tom's" patriotism led him to enlist; and, on August 11, 1861, at the age of 17 years, as the youngest man in his regiment, he entered upon an enlistment of three years' service in the 19th Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was placed with the field and staff headquarters, and soon became the regimental wagonmaster. Injured in action, Tom was discharged on the surgeon's certificate of disability at Corinth, Mississippi, on June 15, 1862. Subsequently, he engaged in secret service work in the Gulf States for a time, and in 1863 went north to Philadelphia.
Tom Donaldson, though, was not yet finished with military service. In order to avoid restrictions of physical disability against further service, he enlisted for a year, under the assumed name Jeremiah L. Lingard, in the 199th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, on September 21, 1864. Assigned to the field and staff headquarters as first lieutenant and regimental quartermaster, Donaldson served only a few weeks, being discharged by special order on November 13, 1864.
Back in Columbus after the War was over, he obtained a position in the office of the Secretary of State of Ohio, under William Henry Smith.
At about this time in his life he became interested in politics and in the law. Taking the stump for the Union Republicans in Franklin County, Ohio, he made speeches in several communities throughout the county. In 1867 he became a delegate from the second ward of Columbus to the State Union Republican Convention, meeting in Columbus, and was named Secretary of the Convention, serving with General Robert C. Schenck as President. It was this Convention which nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for his first term as Governor. The following year, 1868, Donaldson continued his political enthusiasm and was made marshal for a Union Republican rally in Columbus' second ward, in October.
Between political campaigns, Donaldson read law with Gideon F. Castle, of Columbus, and was admitted to the Ohio bar on March 26, 1868. A month earlier, on February 24, 1868, he was married to Mary Gormley, of Columbus. There were three children born to Thomas and Mary Donaldson: Thomas Blaine Donaldson; Mamie E. Donaldson (Mrs. H. P. Obdyke) and Lena P. Donaldson.
In 1869, Donaldson received an appointment as Register of the Public Land Office for the Territory of Idaho, at Boise City, an office which shifted his career opportunities from his native state.
The Idaho of 1869 was an expansive frontier for the young Ohio couple, and it would be more than 20 years before the Territory would become a state. At Boise City, between 1869 and 1875 Donaldson worked hard and earned the confidence of his associates. He became a public figure by serving as clerk of the Third Judicial District, Idaho Territory, and Boise City, between 1871 and 1873, and also as clerk of the Supreme Court of the Territory. On August 13, 1869 he was appointed by Jacob D. Cox, Secretary of the U.S. Department of Interior, to superintend the construction of the Boise City penitentiary, a commission which he completed satisfactorily in 1870.
Between 1873 and 1876, Donaldson served as mineral commissioner for the United States Centennial Commission, and in this capacity became active as a general agent (1874-1884) for the Smithsonian Institution in preparing the Smithsonian's mineral exhibit at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. "The arrangement made with Mr. Thomas Donaldson," the Secretary of the Smithsonian reported later, "to gather a full series of the ores of the precious metals of gold, silver and mercury from the Western States and Territories… continued to be highly productive, Mr. Donaldson personally visiting a great number of mining localities, and obtaining a full series of specimens, many of them rich in bullion and thus of very considerable commercial value." This "immense series… gathered by him at the request of the Smithsonian Institution of 1874, 1875 and 1876," continued the Secretary, constituted "the largest part of the great display of the mineral wealth of the country made under the auspices of the Institution in the government building at the International Exhibition of 1876."
In fulfilling the Smithsonian assignment, Thomas and Mary Donaldson moved to San Francisco in 1875 for a few months. Then, when he was named United States Commissioner from Idaho to the Centennial Exposition, he returned to Philadelphia where he was to remain the balance of his life. However, he never gave up his interest in and support of Idaho and its people. In recognition of his continuous support, in 1890, the year in which Idaho became a state, Governor George L. Shoup appointed him aide-de-camp on his staff with rank of lieutenant–colonel.
Prior to the Centennial Exposition's opening in Philadelphia on May 10, 1876, Donaldson spent much time in the government building assisting Professor William P. Blake and others in organizing and in arranging the mineral specimens for display.
Settling in Philadelphia, Donaldson began to read law with F. Carroll Brewster, and in due course was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar. And he again entered into politics, becoming an alternate delegate for Idaho at the Republican National Convention in Cincinnati in 1876, the convention which nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for President. Between 1876 and 1880 he represented Idaho on the National Republican Committee; and as a delegate and Committeeman he became, and continued to be, a strong supporter of James G. Blaine for President. In fact, Blaine was to recommend him to President Hayes for a position in 1877 in these terms: "He is wonderfully efficient, and would be of inestimable use & advantage…. He knows everybody and everybody knows 'Tom' and everybody likes him…."
As soon as Hayes had settled in the Executive Mansion in Washington, Thomas Donaldson renewed his acquaintance with the former Ohio Governor. There then developed a warm intimate relationship between the two men and with members of the President's family. Donaldson's visits to the White House became frequent.
Among other things, Donaldson shared with President Hayes an interest in collecting Americana—old and rare books, manuscripts and documents, and relics of the "forefathers," etc. The President's interest at this time was particularly strong because he was involved in building and furnishing a public library and museum in Fremont, Ohio, now the Birchard Public Library of Sandusky County. And, occasionally, Donaldson was able to undertake errands for the President and Mrs. Hayes and for their son Webb, the President's personal secretary; and Donaldson once took Rud Hayes, the President's third son, a student at Cornell University, with him on a fifteen day trip to New Mexico, in search of mineral specimens, during the latter part of April, 1880.
Donaldson sent to the President from time to time packets of autographic letters of important or interesting personages, "duplicates from my collection," he said, "and you know all of my duplicates go to you. Some are big men, some are small…."
After he left the White House, the ex-President asked Donaldson for an occasional favor. "If you could quietly pick up an old fashioned, heavy [door] knocker—a historical house [knocker] preferred, but any house's cast off knocker, if of fair repute, will do," Hayes wrote to him. "And then come out [to Spiegel Grove] and knock with it. If no one comes to answer your call, walk in and make your self at home."
A particularly special errand the ex-President asked him to do. "I want to give Unglaub a New Year's present of a watch. He was engineer of our train at the time of the accident near Baltimore. Let it be fit and worthy with this inscription engraved on it: "To John M. Unglaub. In grateful recognition of his courage and fidelity. 5 March 1881. R. B. Hayes, L. W. Hayes."
The circumstances of the presentation were this: On March 5, 1881, the special train bearing ex-President and Mrs. Hayes and family and friends, under the charge of Engineer John Unglaub, was returning the Hayes family from the Garfield Inauguration to their home in Fremont, Ohio. The train collided with an unscheduled extra going South, and both trains were wrecked, the engineer of the extra being killed. According to the Washington Evening Star, "Engineer John M. Unglaub … stood manfully at his post, reversing the engine as soon as he saw the approaching extra, but failed to avert the accident. Mr. Unglaub was badly injured, and Mr. and Mrs. Hayes, when they were made aware of the facts, with tears in their eyes thanked Mr. Unglaub, saying that he had not only saved their lives but those of others on the train." The Hayeses also provided every attention for his care and recuperation at his home in Baltimore.
Donaldson had the watch made to order in Philadelphia, and on the outer case he had engraved: "J.M.U." And Donaldson personally went to the engine house in Washington on January 3, 1882, found Unglaub there and presented him with the watch, together with a letter from ex-President and Mrs. Hayes.
As one result of his work with the Public Land Office and with ores and minerals, Donaldson was invited to serve on several national assay commissions. On July 3, 1879, President Hayes appointed him a member of the "Commission to Codify the Land Laws," authorized by an Act of Congress and passed on March 3, 1879. Three members of the Commission were named by Congress in the Act and three were appointed by the President. The commission consisted of James A. Williamson, Commissioner of the General Land Office, President; Clarence E. Dutton, Captain, Ordnance, U.S. Army, Secretary; Clarence King, U.S. Geologist; and Alexander T. Britton, Thomas Donaldson and John W. Powell, appointees of the President.
The Commission's report was made to the President and to Congress in 1880, and was published in five different volumes. In its report, the Commission stated that "Mr. Thomas Donaldson undertook the compilation of a detailed history of the origin, organization, and progress of the public land systems. The result of this work is… entitled 'The Public Domain—Its History, with Statistics.' It contains thirty-three chapters [and 544 pages] giving the origin, growth, and disposition of the public domain, tracing the several systems of operations under, and results of, the several acts for the sale and disposition of the public lands up to June 30, 1880."
Although no longer a resident of Idaho, Donaldson kept his interest alive in the political and other activities of the Territory. In recognition of this continued interest, President Hayes, on June 16, 1880, when he was in Washington, offered him the governorship of the Territory, to succeed Governor Mason Brayman (R.A. Sidebotham was acting governor at the time), but Donaldson declined the appointment. He recommended to the President, however, the appointment of John Baldwin Neil (son of Robert E. Neil, an early settler of Columbus, Ohio), a Columbus classmate of Donaldson's, who had been President Hayes' private secretary between 1870 and 1872 when the President was Governor of Ohio. Neil, who had served more recently as Register of the Land Office at Salt Lake City, Utah, under President Hayes' appointment in 1878, was nominated, confirmed and served 1880-1883 as Territorial Governor.
Donaldson continued his work for the United States National Museum and for the Smithsonian, obtaining gifts for the collections, and undertook, at the prompting of Spencer F. Baird, Secretary of the Smithsonian, the preparation of a descriptive history and illustrated catalogue of the George Catlin Indian Gallery in the National Museum. His labors on this assignment produced a monumental work, which was originally published, with portraits, plates and maps, as Part V (939 pages) of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution…(Part III), Washington, Government Printing Office, 1886.
Secretary Baird of the Smithsonian also commissioned Thomas Donaldson, "whose services," he said, "to the Institution during the Centennial Exhibition had been of great value," to call on Mons. De la Batut when he was in France in 1878. The latter, Secretary Baird said, "had presented the Institution with relics of James Smithson." Donaldson was requested to "procure from him all the information he could furnish relative to the founder of this Institution," Mr. de la Batut being "the half-brother of the nephew of Smithson." Donaldson was successful in obtaining a few things of interest relative to the Smithsonian's founder.
It was to follow, as the preparations for the 11th Census of the United States in 1890 were being made, that Donaldson would be called upon to serve as chief of the Indian Statistics for the Census. He was to prepare and publish several monographs for the Census. These included Indians, the Six Nations of New York; North American Indians in the United States (Alaska excepted); Moqui Pueble Indians of Arizona; Pueblo Indians of Mexico; and Report on Indians Taxed and Not Taxed in the United States (Except Alaska).
Other writings on other subjects followed from Donaldson's pen. These included feature articles for newspapers; a book, Walt Whitman, the Man (New York: F.P. Harper, 1896), written as a tribute to the poet with whom he had shared an intimate friendship; and Idaho of Yesterday (Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers, 1941), edited after his death by his son, Thomas Blaine Donaldson.
While in pursuit of his various activities and associations with the Public Land Office, with the Smithsonian Institution and with his active role as an attorney in Philadelphia, Donaldson became an avid collector. His Philadelphia residence became a veritable museum of Americana with relics and souvenirs of all kinds; a gallery of art works, fine glass and porcelain pieces; and a manuscript collection of considerable importance.
About two years after his death, Donaldson's extensive collection of relics of the American Indians, consisting of samples of work of the mound-builders; blankets, wampum and pipes from every tribe of American Indians; head-dresses; horse equipment and ornaments; were sold to John Wanamaker of Philadelphia who presented the collection to the museum of the University of Pennsylvania.
In Donaldson's collection of autographs at the time of his death were letters from the men who signed the United States Constitution; the original Thirteenth Amendment with the signatures attached; several autograph letters of George Washington, and Washington's order book used for months in the Revolutionary War; General U.S. Grant's famous "unconditional surrender" letter: and letters of exceptional content from politicians, musicians, poets and orators.
Donaldson's private art gallery contained more than 175 modern paintings by 125 European and American artists, and a collection of European and Japanese porcelains, cut glassware, ivory carvings, small bronzes, etc., over a hundred pieces. After his death the art collection was auctioned off on October 30-November 1, 1899, by the Davis & Harvey Galleries, of Philadelphia.
Among the artists and their works which were represented in Donaldson's collections were: Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902), Windsor Castle by Moonlight; Washington Allston (1779-1843), Danoe and the Golden Shower; Richard Parkes Bonington (1801-1828), English Landscape; George de Forest Brush (1855-1941), On the Shore of Lake Erie; Jean Baptiste Camille Corot (1796-1875), two landscapes; Jean Baptiste Edouard Detaille (1848-1912), The Wounded Comrade, and The Sentry; Narcisse Virgile Diaz de la Pena (1807-1876), two landscapes; William Michael Harnett (1848-1892), Fruit; Thomas Hill (1829-1908), Mount Rainier; Snowy Range Back of Olympia, Washington, and Yosemite Valley, from Inspiration Point; Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier (1815-1891), The Musician; The Cavalier (watercolor), and A Courier (watercolor); Edward Moran (1829-1901), Studying Nature; Peter Moran (1842-1914), On the Tesuque Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico; At the Drinking Place; Cattle at Twilight; and The Mexican Burros; Thomas Moran (1837-1926), The Valley of the Rio Virgin, Utah; Coast of Florida—Above Tampa Bay; and The Tower—Sunset; Adriaen van Ostade (1610-1685), Man Drinking; George Romney (1734-1802), Joseph Brant; The Mohawk Chief; Theodore Rousseau (1812-1867), Landscape; William Shayer (1788-1879), Fisherman on the Beach; and The Fishing Boat; Christopher H. Shearer (1840-1926), White Landscape; Landscape; and Ringing Rock Hill, Montgomery County, Pa.; Thomas Sully (1783-1872), Mother and Child; and The Sisters; William Thomas Trego (1759-1909), Artillery Going Into Action; Constant Tryon (1810-1865), Cattle in the Fields; and Horses in the Field; and John Harrison Witt (1840-1900), A Quiet Pool.
In Donaldson's collections were many souvenirs and relics of famous personages. Pieces of furniture from President Abraham Lincoln's Cabinet Room in the White House were included, as were President James A. Garfield's chair used while he was at the White House; a chair of General William T. Sherman's; General Philip H. Sheridan's parade sword and the bit that was in the mouth of his horse on the famous run from Winchester to Cedar Creek at a critical time during the Civil War; Walt Whitman's chair and his street cane; and Indian Chieftain Joseph Brant's tomahawk used by him in the Wyoming (Pa.) massacre.
Relics of theatrical interest were also represented in Donaldson's collections, reflecting his enthusiasm for actors and the theatre. There was Sir Henry Irving's sword used by the actor in Othello; Charlotte Cushman's staff which she used in Meg Merrilies; Joseph Jefferson's gun in Rip Van Winkle; Sarah Bernhardt's handkerchief and fan; playbills in large numbers; and other items of the theatre.
During his diversified career Thomas Donaldson was brought into numerous associations, political and social organizations and clubs, in Philadelphia, in Washington, and in other cities. He became a charter member of the Philadelphia Clover Club; a member of the Cosmos Club of Washington; the Ohio Society of New York; the State Fencibles of Ohio; the Grand Army of the Republic; art clubs; lawyer's clubs and bar associations.
An unidentified memoralist said of him at the time of his death: Thomas Donaldson "… was an intense American… He wished to preserve, as far as possible, the historical landmarks of American History… His mind was an inexhaustible reservoir of anecdote and incident" and he was "a most interesting talker… He possessed the friendship and confidence of a large number of our public men… and devoted a considerable portion of his time gathering and recording inside facts and unpublished stories about the great men and great events in our recent history."
It had been his purpose, before he died, to edit and publish his notes and materials as a "memoir." However, when he learned that William Henry Smith, who had been Secretary of State of Ohio when he was in Columbus, had undertaken to write a memorial biography of President Hayes, Donaldson sent Smith notes and drafts from his files, "270 pages foolscap, Typewritten matter," which related to President and Mrs. Hayes, for possible aid to Smith in preparing the biography.
But Smith's biography was never completed by him; while still collecting material for it, he died on July 27, 1896. His papers then came into possession of his son, Delevan Smith, publisher of the Indianapolis News. Donaldson inquired of Delevan Smith concerning his typewritten notes, etc., which he had wanted to edit and publish. Before the material was found and returned to him, Thomas Donaldson died on November 18, 1898, in Philadelphia, after a brief illness; and his notes remained with the William Henry Smith Collection.
The task of finishing the Hayes biography fell to Charles Richard Williams, son-in-law of William Henry Smith, who completed it in 1914 in two volumes. Williams appeared to have made little or no use of the Donaldson material. The "memoirs" remained with the Delevan Smith and William Henry Smith collections, which collections were bequeathed to the Indiana Historical Society by Delevan Smith in 1922.
A microfilm copy of the Donaldson diaries or "memoirs" and other papers pertaining to President and Mrs. Hayes, preserved in the William Henry Smith Papers, were made for the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center by the Indiana Historical Society about 1940. Donaldson's pages of notes, and "Typewritten matter" were thereafter transcribed from the microfilm by staff members of the Hayes Center:
Most of Donaldson's notes were hastily and crudely written originally, somewhat in the form of a diary, on unnumbered sheets. His intention had been, as he had stated, to rewrite and edit the material for publication at his leisure, but his intention never materialized; he did not live long enough to finish the work. The project of checking and editing his notes into his "memoirs" thus became the labors of the editors and staff of the Hayes Historical Journal.
Dr. Gayle Thornbrough, Executive Secretary of the Indiana Historical Society, to whom hearty thanks are expressed, kindly gave the Society's permission for the publication of Thomas Donaldson's material, and offered the editors every cooperation with the project. The Memoirs of Thomas Donaldson were published in the Hayes Historical Journal in 1979.
go to The "Memoirs" of Thomas Donaldson (dated 1872-1877)
go to The Memoirs of Thomas Donaldson (dated 1878-1880)


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Builders: Canadian Biennial 2012 Français
Oct 31, 2012, 14:00 ET
An exhibition that showcases some of the most provocative and important art being made in this country today from November 2, 2012 to January 20, 2013
OTTAWA, Oct. 31, 2012 /CNW/ - The second biennial exhibition showcasing new Canadian art acquired by the National Gallery of Canada (NGC) over the past two years opens this Friday November 2. Builders: Canadian Biennial 2012 features over 100 artworks acquired by the Gallery's departments of Contemporary Art, Indigenous Art, and Photographs, and selected from some 300 pieces of contemporary art purchased by or donated to the NGC since 2010. A range of artistic media is on view, from paintings, sculptures, drawings and prints, to photography, video and multimedia installations created by 45 emergent, mid-career, and long-established Canadian artists. Supported by the RBC Foundation, Builders: Canadian Biennial 2012 is on view until January 20, 2013.
"In placing emergent practices alongside long-established Canadian artists who have been instrumental in "building" a context for Canadian art today, Builders offers the opportunity to appreciate the range of aesthetic accomplishment in this country", said NGC director Marc Mayer. "It also reflects how this national museum builds upon its permanent collection through an informed understanding of the dynamic and thought-provoking realm of Canadian contemporary art at the most ambitious levels, and across generations."
According to organizing curator Jonathan Shaughnessy, Associate Curator of Contemporary Art at the NGC, "The multigenerational approach highlighted in Builders questions the often-held bias that innovation and creative experimentation are primarily the purview of new and emerging talent. Rather, the exhibition asserts a commitment to recognizing and discovering contemporary artists across generations whose work exemplifies and builds upon determined and original creative visions."
To this end, Builders highlights a range of new productions by influential, some now iconic figures of Canadian art such as Michael Snow, Lynne Cohen, Chris Cran, Faye Heavyshield, Evan Penny, Joanne Tod, and Leslie Reid. Within this established basis the exhibition meanders through an engaging path featuring works by many newcomers to the collection including Ottawa-based painter Melanie Authier; Winnipeg-born, Los Angeles-based painter and sculptor Jon Pylypchuk; the multidisciplinary Toronto artist Sandy Plotnikoff; as well as a unique sound installation by Vancouver and Berlin-based artist Mark Soo. Artworks by David Altmejd, Marcel Dzama, Sarah Anne Johnson, Ron Terada, Lynne Marsh and many other now well-rooted figures in the Canadian art milieu also figure prominently in the exhibition.
In the Builders exhibition visitors will be able to access curator and artist interviews on iPads. Video content will be updated through the run of the show. Wireless access in the exhibiton space will enable visitors to share their thoughts through social media. For those without smart phones or Twitter accounts there will be two computer stations at the end of the exhibition from which people can send Tweets. Follow @_conversations on Twitter and join the conversation using #NGCbuilders.
Building a dynamic collection reflective of Canadian art today
One of the aims of Builders and the NGC's Canadian Biennial program is to elucidate how Gallery curators in the departments of Contemporary Art, Indigenous Art, and Photography make decisions regarding acquisitions. In building a dynamic collection reflective of the diverse field of Canadian art today, Gallery curators survey a wide-range of media from across artistic generations. Moreover, Builders reflects upon the practical work of artists who, in lending material form to ideas and emotion, shape original ways of seeing, understanding and relating to the world around us.
Builders: Canadian Biennial 2012 is accompanied by a catalogue, available in English and French. Published by the NGC, the 184-page volume features a forward by the Gallery Director, as well as five curatorial essays that speak to different aspects of Builders and its concept. Moreover, context and rationale from the Gallery's three departments devoted to collecting contemporary art can be found in the catalogue entries. On sale at the NGC Bookstore for $40 and at www.ShopNGC.ca, the Gallery's online boutique.
Thursday 1 November at 6 pm. Official opening of the exhibition with the director, curators, dignitaries and special guests in the Great Hall. Free admission.
Meet the Curator
Friday 9 November at 12:15 pm (in English)
Friday 16 November at 12:15 pm (in French)
With curator Jonathan Shaughnessy. Included with exhibition ticket.
"Build on it" mini talks
Weekends from 3 November to 20 January at 2 pm (in English)
Weekends from 3 November to 20 January at 2:30 pm (in French)
10-minute talks on a work in the exhibition Included with exhibition ticket.
Adult Art Tours
Tuesday 18 December at 1:30 pm (in French)
Friday 21 December at 1:30 pm (English)
Maximum 25 participants.Cost: 7$, plus Gallery admission. Group visits available upon request.
Stimulating the Senses Descriptive Tour
Thursday 29 November at 6 pm
Discover art through senses other than sight. Cost: $7 (Members $6). Bilingual. Space is limited. Registration required by 14 November at 613-998-8888.
Tickets are $15 for adults, $12 for seniors and full-time students, $7 for youths aged 12 to 19 years, and $30 for families (two adults and three children). Admission is free of charge for children under 12 and for Friends of the Gallery. This includes admission to the NGC Collection. Tickets are available by telephone at 613-998-8888 or 1-888-541-8888, and online at www.ShopNGC.ca
Opening hours
The Gallery is open from Tuesday to Sunday from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Thursday until 8 pm. Closed Mondays. Open November 11, Remembrance Day at noon, and between December 26 and 31. Closed on December 25, and January 1.
About the National Gallery of Canada
The National Gallery of Canada is home to the most important collections of historical and contemporary Canadian art, including the extensive collection of the Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography. The Gallery also maintains Canada's premier collection of European Art from the 14th to the 21st century, as well as important works of American, Asian and Indigenous Art and renowned international collections of prints, drawings and photographs. Created in 1880, the National Gallery of Canada has played a key role in Canadian culture for well over a century. Among its principal missions is to increase access to excellent works of art for all Canadians. To do so, it maintains an extensive touring art exhibition programme. For more information: www.gallery.ca
SOURCE: National Gallery of Canada
For further information:
For media only:
For more information, please contact:
Josée-Britanie Mallet
Senior Media and Public Relations Officer
National Gallery of Canada
[email protected]
Twitter: @_conversations #NGCbuilders
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/NationaGalleryofCanada
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/ngcmedia

subset: commoncrawl


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NEW ORLEANS -- Isaac soaked Louisiana for yet another day and pushed more water into neighborhoods all around the city, flooding homes and forcing last-minute evacuations and rescues. New Orleans itself was spared, thanks in large part to a levee system built after Katrina.
(MORE: New Orleans By The Numbers)
As the storm slogged its way across the state and windy conditions calmed, the extent of some of the damage became clear. Hundreds of homes, perhaps more, were underwater, thousands of people were staying at shelters and half of the state was without power. About 500 people had to be rescued by boat or high-water vehicles, and at least two people were killed.
And the damage may not be done. Officials were releasing water from an Isaac-stressed dam at a lake near the Louisiana-Mississippi border, hoping to ease the pressure. They had also started work on a levee breach in hard-hit Plaquemines Parish. In Arkansas, power lines were downed and trees knocked over as Isaac moved into the state.
(MORE: Isaac's Slow and Soaking Trek to the Midwest)
Farther south, where evacuations were ordered ahead of the storm, Isaac's unpredictable, meandering path and the amount of rain - as much as 16 inches in some places - caught many off guard.
"I was blindsided, nobody expected this," said Richard Musatchia, who left his home in LaPlace, northwest of the city.
Musatchia said 5 feet of water filled his home before a neighbor passed by with a boat and evacuated him and his 6-year-old boxer, Renny.
He piled two suitcases, a backpack and a few smaller bags onto the boat and said that's all he has left. He left a brand-new Cadillac and a Harley-Davidson behind.
"People have their generators, because they thought the power would go out, but no one expected the water," he said.
Others trickled into a parking lot of the New Wine Christian Fellowship church, delivered by National Guard vehicles, school buses and pickup trucks.
(PHOTOS: Isaac Impacts Gulf Coast | PHOTOS: New Orleans Prepares)
Daphine and David Newman fled their newly decorate home with two trash bags of clothing. They have lived in their subdivision since 1992, and they never had water in their home from previous storms, including Katrina. The comparison was common one since Isaac hit on the seventh anniversary of the devastating 2005 storm, though the differences were stark.
Katrina was more powerful, a Category 3 at landfall, while Isaac was a Category 1 at its peak. Isaac wobbled around; Katrina barreled into the state and quickly moved through.
David Newman was frustrated the government spent billions reinforcing levees for New Orleans and Jefferson Parish after Katrina and now he had the water.
"The water's got to go somewhere," he said. "It's going to find the weakest link, and with the wind directions, we was ground zero."
As officials called for impromptu evacuations, a debate started about whether anyone was to blame.
Jefferson Parish Council president Chris Roberts said forecasters at the National Hurricane Center needed a new way of measuring the danger. Many second-guessed evacuation orders, he said.
"The risk that a public official has is, people say, `Aw, it's a Category 1 storm and you guys are out there calling for mandatory evacuations,'" Roberts said.
Hundreds of people in lower Jefferson chose to ride out the storm - and many of them had to be rescued, he said.
Eric Blake, a hurricane specialist at the National Hurricane Center in Miami, said although Isaac's cone shifted west as it zigzagged toward the Gulf Coast, forecasters accurately predicted its path, intensity and rainfall. He did say the storm crept ashore somewhat slower than anticipated.
Blake also said local officials and residents shouldn't use Katrina as a guide for what areas were at the greatest risk of flooding during Isaac.
"Every hurricane is different," Blake said. "If you're trying to use the last hurricane to gauge your storm surge risk, it's very dangerous."
Along the shores of Lake Pontchartrain near New Orleans, officials sent scores of buses and dozens of high-water vehicles to help evacuate about 3,000 people as rising waters lapped against houses and left cars stranded. Floodwaters rose waist-high in some neighborhoods, and the Louisiana National Guard was working with sheriff's deputies to rescue people stranded in their homes.
A Coast Guard helicopter hoisted a couple and their dogs early Thursday from a home in LaPlace, between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain, after storm surge poured into their neighborhood and local authorities called for help. The couple was taken to New Orleans and reported in good condition.
"The husband and wife and their two dogs were in an area where a lot of houses washed away," said Lt. Cmdr. Jorge Porto. "They used a flashlight inside the house as a signaling device, which made all the difference in locating them effectively."
To the east, evacuations were ordered in a sparsely-populated area as the lake dam threatened to break. Officials in Tangipahoa Parish, La., feared the water would pour into the already swollen river and flood places downstream. Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal said the controlled release should prevent a significant flooding event.
A tow truck driver was killed Thursday morning when a tree fell on his truck in Picayune, Miss., just across the state line from Louisiana. In Vermilion Parish, a 36-year-old man died after falling 18 feet from a tree while helping friends move a vehicle ahead of the storm. Deputies did not know why he climbed the tree.
President Barack Obama declared federal emergencies in Louisiana and Mississippi late Wednesday, allowing federal aid to be freed up for affected areas.
In southeast Arkansas, winds gusted to more than 40 mph and heavy rainfall fell, knocking down trees and power lines in Chicot County. The small farming town of Eudora lost power. In neighboring Ashley County, a handful of dead trees were scattered across roadways, according to County Judge Emory Austin, who said he was worried about flooding.
"We need the rain, I just don't need a lot," Austin said.
Isaac arrived seven years after Hurricane Katrina and passed slightly to the west of New Orleans, where the city's fortified levee system easily handled the assault.
"Unfortunately, that's not been the case for low-lying areas outside the federal system, in particular lower Jefferson and Plaquemines parishes," said Louisiana Democratic U.S. Sen. Mary Landrieu. "Hurricane Isaac has reinforced for us once again just how vulnerable these critical areas are. We must re-engage the Corps of Engineers on this."
In Plaquemines Parish, a sparsely populated area south of the city that is outside the federal levee system, dozens of people were stranded in flooded coastal areas and had to be rescued. The storm pushed water over an 18-mile levee and put so much pressure on it that authorities were intentionally puncturing the floodwall to relieve the strain.
Louisiana's Public Service Commission said 901,000 homes and businesses around the state - about 47 percent of all customers - were without power Thursday. Utility company Entergy said that included about 157,000 in New Orleans.
Isaac's maximum sustained winds had decreased to 40 mph, and the National Hurricane Center said it was expected to become a tropical depression by Thursday night, meaning its top sustained winds would drop below 39 mph. The storm's center was on track to cross Arkansas on Friday and southern Missouri on Friday night, spreading rain as it goes.
Forecasters expected Isaac to move farther inland over the next several days, dumping rain on drought-stricken states across the nation's midsection before finally breaking up over the weekend.
Isaac came ashore late Tuesday as a Category 1 hurricane, with 80 mph winds near the mouth of the Mississippi River. It drove a wall of water nearly 11 feet high inland.


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We're excited to announce that we're now part of Koofers! We've truly enjoyed helping students save money on textbooks over the last few years and expanding our product nationwide. It's been a fun and challenging ride for us and we're looking forward to building new things.
At Koofers, you will still be able to compare textbook prices but now you can do much more including see professor ratings, grade distributions, and lecture notes.
Thank you for all your support and we'd like to welcome you here at Koofers.
DavisText Team


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The Efficiency Multiplier Actual Data Center Power Use
Data center power efficiency is essential to running an efficient and Green Computing environment. Too often, there is no holistic view of IT Power Utilization that takes into account all the aspects that use electricity. This video discusses the "power multiplier" effect that details how for every watt of power provided to IT hardware, as many as 2.5 watts of electricity are used for other aspects. IT strategies such as virtualization, consolidation and even Cloud computing will help reduce the multiplier effect, but it-


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pigiback.info ReviewReport published on 12 February 2020
Website Content Report
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Server LocationNot found
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Find indexed pages of pigiback.info on Bing search engine. Bing is the second most popular search engine in USA after Google and is owned by Microsoft.
Find the complete scanned pages of domain on Google. Google is the largest and most popular search engine on the planet.
SimilarWeb helps in competitive, traffic and search analysis of the websites.
Alexa helps you in finding the rank of a website in terms of number of visitors. Its the most accurate external visitor ranking website in the world and is owned by Amazon.
Google Analytics is free web analytics service and helps keep track of visitors and other essential statistics of the website.
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NOT FOUND The Registrar of Record identified in this output may have an RDDS service that can be queried for additional information on how to contact the Registrant, Admin, or Tech contact of the queried domain name.


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For my PhD research, I have been working on a couple of Early Iron Age sites in northeastern Botswana. To put these sites in a comparable context, they are hilltop settlements from prehistoric farming and herding communities that date to roughly 1000 AD in the Kalahari Desert. The sites I am working on are only a couple of dozens of known sites clustered in the region in which I have been working, and the region (northeastern Botswana) is generally considered part of the broader geographical and cultural region of Southern Africa (including what is now South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique). Southern Africa experienced a substantial influx of settlement by farming and herding populations (who migrated south from Central and East Africa) in the first millennium AD, resulting in many hundreds of archaeological sites that now dot the landscape. Part of what is fascinating about studying communities from this time period (commonly called the Early Iron Age, for the metal-working technology the communities brought with them) is how interconnected they appear to have been, despite the often very long distances and harsh terrain separating various settlement locations. Evidence of shared technology, village organization, ceramic styles, and participation in long-distance trade spans across much of Southern Africa for this time period. But equally fascinating are the sites, or components of sites, that don't appear to fit the 'typical' pattern – certain archaeological sites have yielded ceramics or other types of artifacts with unusual styles or other unexpected material, for example, with radiocarbon dates earlier or later than would be expected for that kind of material.
Southern Africa was not a place void of human occupation before Early Iron Age population began their colonization of the subcontinent. Hunter-gatherer communities had thrived in the many varied ecological zones found in Southern Africa – from the damp, misty Cape to the sunny, arid Namib Desert – for tens of thousands of years before Iron Age communities establishes themselves in the area. Hunter-gatherers continued to subsist alongside the newcomers under a variety of conditions, sometimes coexisting in separate communities on the same landscape, at other times disappearing from the archaeological record (either moving to new territory or becoming subsumed into the more sedentary farmer society), or setting up camp nearby and apparently trading goods and services with the farming and herding villages. Archaeologists believe that the presence of hunter-gatherers in Early Iron Age communities can account for some of the 'atypical' sites or site components – the pieces that don't seem to fit the basic Iron Age 'pattern.' It certainly would make sense, if two vastly different socioeconomic groups coexist on a landscape, to expect to see something different going on from when only one socioeconomic group is around. Of course, you can't get even two archaeologists to agree on everything (where would be the fun in that?), and so a lot of the research being done on the Early Iron Age is to understand HOW much variation comes from the presence of hunter-gatherers, or even what it means to be, or 'stay' hunter-gatherer as part of a farming community, as well as understanding that part of the variation in the archaeological record that cannot be accounted for by hunter-gatherers. The Early Iron Age lasted for several centuries. Many archaeologists, myself included, expect that populations during this time period did not have perfectly static behavioral or cultural traditions. We want to tease out and better understand more of the differences among communities – nowadays there is a lot of talk about 'regional variation,' based on recent findings. My work, for example, looks to compare geographically broad understandings, or models, of the Early Iron Age with the very site-specific findings of the sites I excavated.
The tricky part of making sense of all of this, as is usually the case with archaeology, comes when one tries to fit the 'broad view', or general model of how things are understood, such as I just described above, with a more 'narrow view' such as the data one collects during fieldwork on a particular site, or after fieldwork during post-excavation data collection and analysis. The Early Iron Age of Southern Africa looks very, very different when viewed at the level of one site, or one set of artifacts in a lab, than it does as viewed through nice, neat descriptions on the pages of journal articles; it takes quite a lot of work to get from one to the other (more than I myself can even say – as a PhD candidate I have not published anything peer-reviewed yet!). So how DOES one understand what is going on at just one site, or just one batch of artifacts, in terms of how it relates to an entire centuries-long, geography-specific cultural horizon? It is more than just counting and naming the types of artifacts we found during our excavations at the site (though that is a part of the process too), and it is a lot more than simply plugging in one piece to an existing puzzle.
Every archaeologist will probably give you a somewhat different answer to the question I just asked above, and there's something about that which is crucial to understanding archaeology as a discipline – we don't all work in the same way, because we not only have different specialties and areas of interest, but we also operate under some different sets of theoretical assumptions and employ some variation in our methods as well. That said, here's a rundown of what I have been working on in the last couple of months in the interest of advancing my PhD research:
- Learning more about archaeological sites that are contemporaneous with the ones I excavated. I know – didn't I take the time to read and research this before I set out on fieldwork? Of course I did, otherwise the National Science Foundation would have never seen fit to fund my work – but there is a major difference between what gets excavated at a site and what ends up published about it. I've been talking, endlessly, to anyone I can pin down in one place long enough to tell me more about the sites they worked on, and their assemblages, how they compare with mine, methods of analysis they used, and other information that I could not have anticipated before I did my fieldwork. Honestly I think some researchers see me coming and hide because they know I'm going to ask them more questions. But nevermind that – I want as much comparative, contextual information as I can (pragmatically) manage in order to understand the finds from my own excavations.
- Cataloging finds and conducting basic analysis on some categories of finds. Inventory, inventory, inventory. I can't say much of anything substantive about technology, behavior, diet or anything else from the Early Iron Age unless I know what I've got, how much of it I've got, and in some cases, what it's made of or what class of thing it is. For example, how much animal bone and tooth was recovered, and where was it found on the site? Which excavation units contained glass beads or burned seeds, and at what depths? I can't say how many times I've revised and revamped the spreadsheets and other forms that contain my catalogue, in order to make sure my data are being managed properly. The same ought to go for the artifacts themselves – it's a bigger job in a lot of cases, but the artifact collections likewise need to be stored and managed so that they are properly preserved as well as easily accessible.
- Networking with other researchers to arrange more in-depth analyses of portions of the artifact assemblage. I cannot do everything myself, especially since I do not right now have the specialized training needed to conduct radiocarbon dating, species-specific zooarchaeological (animal bone) identification, and a full-scale ceramic identification. I also don't have the time – I am trying to finish my degree in about a year's time, and each of these analyses can take months! Instead, as the lead investigator on the work at the site, I coordinate agreements with specialists to conduct some of the analysis for me. They get pay, and credit, and I get expert-level feedback which I can then cite in my dissertation. It also builds partnerships and may lead to further work down the road. It's generally good for everyone.
- Taking notes. Lab notes, field notes, conference notes, lunchtime notes if I have a sudden inspiration, whatever. Constantly documenting what I am doing and why I am doing it; who I've talked to and what they said, etc. Not only will this help me write the methods section of my dissertation, it has also proved crucial for maintaining a consistent and rational methodology while still in the process of collecting the data. It's really easy to think you'll remember why you labeled that artifact bag a certain way, but in your memory, that one detail is going to get lost among the millions of others eventually.
- Asking for help. It goes without saying that I need help – I'm just one person, for starters, and I'm still a student running my first research project, for another. It also goes without saying that the networking, collaboration and feedback I talk about above would not be happening without substantial help from my advising committee, other graduate students, and colleagues who have stepped forward with suggestions and offers of aid. However, I also have had to push myself to ask openly for help, in the form of volunteer assistance, and faculty advice, loans of equipment, and all sorts of other things. No way I'd be pulling off this project without these. I am not the sort of person who instinctively or comfortably asks for help for just about anything, so it has really been part of my education to learn what I cannot do on my own, and how to seek that assistance.
- Keeping up with the literature. It's part of any academic's work, and it doesn't go away just because I'm actively dissertating! I had to scramble to brief myself on recent research findings just before a conference last month because I'd been so focused on data collection over the last year or so. I couldn't believe how much I'd missed in just twelve months.
- Working on other projects. As if all this weren't enough, right? But it doesn't pay the bills, unfortunately, and it won't until I graduate and land a full-time position, so until then I make my way by teaching classes (when I can get them) and applying for small university-level scholarships and fellowships, some of which are stipends for smaller research or education projects. Then there's also student loans, but I don't want to think about those…
I am at the point now where I've collected the great majority of data I need for analysis, and arranged for the rest to be conducted by specialists. My own in-depth analysis of the data will be the next step: I am planning a multi-scalar spatial analysis of the material components of one site with the intent to compare them to some other contemporary sites excavated by other researchers in the past, with the intent to gain a better understanding of how much spatial patterning is the result of site formation processes and how much is the result of patterned, intentional cultural behavior. How much of this will end up in the dissertation is up for discussion, because that's a LOT of work. But if there's one way to sum up archaeological research, it's this: there's always more to do!


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R. Kelly's Closet is getting a little bigger.
Trapped in the Closet, the singer's "hip-hopera" that currently stands at 22 chapters (available on DVD), will add 11 more to its canon Friday, premiering the extra hour of footage on IFC at 9/8c.
Kelly began the project in 2005 as an audio-only recording, which later turned into an epic music video, featuring Kelly himself playing many of the main characters. The new chapters are the first addition in five years.
Photos: Everybody's posing nude! Check out Rihanna and other stars who've bared all
It's impossible to describe the entire plot succinctly, but some of the major characters include protagonist Sylvester (played by Kelly), who's married to Gwendolyn but cheats on her with Cathy — who's married to Rufus, a church pastor who has been secretly having an affair with Chuck. And that just sums up the first two chapters.
Will you watch the expanded Trapped in the Closet tonight? Check out a preview of Chapter 23 below:


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All News
ORNL's Communications team works with news media seeking information about the laboratory. Media may use the resources listed below or send questions to firstname.lastname@example.com.
1 - 10 of 30 Results
A team of scientists has for the first time measured the elusive weak interaction between protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. They had chosen the simplest nucleus consisting of one neutron and one proton for the study.
A team of scientists, led by University of Guelph professor John Dutcher, are using neutrons at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source to unlock the secrets of natural nanoparticles that could be used to improve medicines.
Scientists from Oak Ridge National Laboratory performed a corrosion test in a neutron radiation field to support the continued development of molten salt reactors.
The Spallation Neutron Source at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory has broken a new record by ending its first neutron production cycle in fiscal year 2019 at its design power level of 1.4 megawatts.
Carbon fiber composites—lightweight and strong—are great structural materials for automobiles, aircraft and other transportation vehicles. They consist of a polymer matrix, such as epoxy, into which reinforcing carbon fibers have been embedded. Because of differences in the mecha...
As Puerto Rico works to restore and modernize its power grid after last year's devastating hurricane season, researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have stepped up to provide unique analysis, sensing and modeling tools to better inform decisions.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists have devised a method to control the heating and cooling systems of a large network of buildings for power grid stability—all while ensuring the comfort of occupants.
Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory used neutrons, isotopes and simulations to "see" the atomic structure of a saturated solution and found evidence supporting one of two competing hypotheses about how ions come
An Oak Ridge National Laboratory-led team used a scanning transmission electron microscope to selectively position single atoms below a crystal's surface for the first time.
Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory induced a two-dimensional material to cannibalize itself for atomic "building blocks" from which stable structures formed. The findings, reported in Nature Communications, provide insights that ...


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Following my previous post about punk band Ytterbium 70 from Lausanne, its singer and leader CAM told me about a revival event for the band. On the 15th December 2012, Ytterbium 70 will release their first 33 RPM after 30 years of absence !
Indeed, CAM had kept some material supposed to be released at the time. In fact, the band planned to release a couple of albums, at least the had enough material to do so. But when plain-clothes policemen began prowling around the band, it discouraged most of the members to carry on, except the incorrigible CAM ! Nevertheless, no LP was released after their subversive 45 RPM in 1983.
Fortunately, times have changed and Ytterbium 70 is proud to release their first album; better late than never !
The album is ironically called "Le 21ème cycle - Recyclé 12-12-12". It is hard to translate but let's try: "Le 21ème cycle" means literally the 21st cycle but is a french wordplay close to "Le 21ème siècle" meaning the 21st century. Finally, "Recyclé" means literally recycled but is a patois vaudois (dialect in the canton of Vaud) pun : "cicler" (pronounce [sikle] or see-clay) being the verb for shout or yell or singing loud.
The LP is limited to 300 copies to make it as mythical as the original single !
The LP is limited to 300 copies to make it as mythical as the original single !
Therefore, Ytterbium 70 cordially invites you Saturday 15th December 2012 at 6 pm in Prilly (Switzerland) for a great revival night ! You'll have the opportunity to buy their first LP for 25 CHF (about 27$ or 17£).
You can also buy directly a copy on their website ! Don't sleep, it's already rare !
You can also buy directly a copy on their website ! Don't sleep, it's already rare !
A free concert will be led by the band Smile at 9:30 pm. Let's hope it won't mess with the Confederation this time !


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Find Your Perfect Home.
Trail Creek Real Estate
Trail Creek is located in Indiana. Trail Creek, Indiana has a population of 1,958. Trail Creek is more family-centric than the surrounding county with 29% households with children. The county percentage for households with children is 26%.
The median household income in Trail Creek, Indiana is $32,445. The median household income for the surrounding county is $42,243 compared to the national median of $50,013. The median age of people living in Trail Creek is 39.4 years.
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The average high temperature in July is 82.7 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 15.8 degrees. The annual precipitation is 40.83.
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INVENTORS BY ACCIDENT (Feb, 1950)
A mishap can make you a millionaire— if you're alert enough to recognize a million-dollar idea when it hits you.
By Robert Cutler
WOULD you recognize a million-dollar idea if you fell over it? More than one man owes his good fortune to an accident —plus his own ability to learn and profit from it. Many inventions we enjoy today are the direct results of mishaps that have made their "victims" rich.
With Harry Waters of St. Louis, though, it was not one accident but a whole series that brought him a fortune. First, a stenographer in his office spilled a glass of water on him. Due for an appointment, Waters had to get a quick pressing job—not quick enough, however, to prevent his being late. So he had to take a taxi, even though he was nearly broke and desperate for money.
During the ride, his recent mishap drew Waters' attention to the taxi driver's badly wrinkled necktie. That started him thinking about the possibility of a wrinkleproof tie. Meanwhile, the driver, missing the correct street, had started to turn around in the middle of Delmar Avenue. Then came a more serious accident. A streetcar rammed into the cab and Waters was severely injured.
The final accident occurred as Waters lay on the operating table in the emergency room of the hospital. As he began breathing the anesthetic, the rubber respirator bag on the tank caught his eye. With each breath the bag alternately wrinkled up tight and straightened out again. Just before he lost consciousness, that accidental glance at the breathing bag made him think: "Why, that bag is wrinkleproof!"
That was it—his idea for keeping ties from wrinkling. You've probably worn one of the wrinkleproof neckties with rubber-impregnated linings that soon remedied Waters' lack of money.
The name for this faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident is "serendipity." The word comes from an old fairy tale about three princes of Serendip (Ceylon) who were constantly making lucky discoveries of this sort. Serendipity pays well.
As an example, fifteen-year-old John Alby Spencer had a job in a Maine lumber camp firing an old steam boiler. It burned up wood so quickly that he scarcely had time to take care of other duties before it was necessary to dodge back and look at the fire. Then one day Spencer noticed that whenever the fire started to burn very hot there would be a sharp, metallic sound. And whenever the fire started to cool off he would hear the same noise. That was the accident. Admittedly it didn't seem very significant—but it made Spencer more than a million dollars.
Spencer was curious. He investigated and discovered that expansion and contraction of the metal as it heated and cooled was causing the clean-out door on the firebox to belly out and snap back.
Did he think that this phenomenon would make him wealthy? As a matter of fact, he wasn't thinking of money at all—just of a way to save himself trouble. He placed a log against the clean-out door before leaving the stove. When the fire died down, the door snapped back into shape and kicked the log to the floor. This made a loud noise, which signaled him to come back.
A number of years later Spencer applied that accidental discovery in an invention that made his fortune. Using a little disc made of two metals with different rates of thermal expansion, he made a thermostatic switch. Normally a metal point on the disc rests against a stationary terminal, completing an electrical contact. When the temperature rises beyond a certain point, however, the disc flicks over and the electrical contact is broken.
First used in an automatic, temperature-controlled flatiron, the Spencer thermostatic switch today is included in electrical appliances of all kinds, motors, water heaters, toasters, etc. Millions of them have been sold.
As for the Spencer company, its financial rating is tops. And all because an alert boy happened to hear a little noise, tracked it down and applied his discovery.
Then, too, there was Elihu Thomson, a young teacher who was demonstrating the various forms of electricity during a routine physics lecture at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. Thousands of other teachers had rigged Leyden jars for the discharge of static. But there was a hitch in Thomson's demonstration. During the discharge of electricity the ends of the two primary wires came into contact. Thomson gave them a flick to separate them, but they stuck together.
Do you see a possible million in this? Well, Thomson looked more closely. What he saw was really worth his attention. The metal of the wires was fused together. Thomson had discovered electrical welding, today widely used in industry.
Accidents happen to all of us. We don't all see the same things in them, however. In at least one case, the same accident led two men to two entirely different inventions. These two men happened to spill bottles of collodion, or liquid court plaster, which consists of nitrated cellulose in solution with alcohol and ether. One of these bottles was spilled in Albany, New York, by a young printer, John Wesley Hyatt. The other was spilled in Lyons, France, by another young man, Hilaire de Chardonnet, an assistant to the famous Louis Pasteur.
Hyatt did not notice anything unusual when that bottle of collodion spilled in Albany. But a few days later he cut his finger and hunted for his liquid court plaster. The bottle was empty. On the shelf around it, though, a tough, hard sheet of strange material had dried.
At that time the game of billiards was at its peak of popularity. But ivory for balls was so scarce that a manufacturer had offered a $10,000 prize for a substitute. Hyatt thought he had one. He found a way to mold the nitrocellulose together with camphor and alcohol, forming a clear, hard substance which be called "celluloid." Direct consequences of Hyatt's discovery include not only the celluloid collar of former jokebook fame but the mammoth photography and motion-picture industries.
Now, what about that other bottle of collodion, spilled in Lyons? The young Frenchman, de Chardonnet, left the sticky mess for a while. Later, when he returned to clean it up, it was partly dry. Accidentally his fingers slipped into the slimy stuff. As he raised his hands, long filaments strung out from them.
De Chardonnet, a trained observer, examined them carefully. His mind clicked. Starting from collodion, his experiments yielded the first artificial silk. This became the basis of the rayon industry which today has a volume of more than a billion dollars a year in the United States alone.
Though celluloid made possible the tremendous expansion of the photographic industry, the story of photography goes back farther than that. About a hundred years ago scientists all over the world were conducting experiments to perfect the art. Men had found ways of producing photographic images, but they were still dim and faint. The problem was to develop them more clearly.
One of the experimenters was a Frenchman, Louis Daguerre, who worked with his partner, Claude Niepce. One morning Daguerre entered the laboratory, went to the chemical cabinet, and took out a plate which Niepce had exposed and left the night before. Daguerre nearly dropped the plate in his surprise. It already was developed—developed as no other plate had ever been. On it was a clear, sharp image.
Daguerre rushed excitedly to the cabinet and looked inside but found no new chemical there. There were many chemicals in the cabinet. One of them must be the developing agent—but which? That evening he removed one chemical from the cabinet and put in another exposed plate. In the morning he found that plate developed, too. One chemical was eliminated. The investigation went on night after night, and morning after morning the story was the same: The plate was always developed.
Finally only one chemical remained. "This must be the one," Daguerre told Niepce. Sure enough, the next morning the plate was developed.
Jubilant, both experimenters tried the chemical on another exposed plate. Unfortunately, the chemical had absolutely no effect.
Puzzled, Daguerre and Niepce decided to try the empty cabinet on an exposed plate. Surprisingly, in the morning the plate was developed. They examined the cabinet carefully. There, on one of the shelves was a little loose mercury, spilled from a bottle. Mercury was the developing agent.
In this accidental fashion the first practical photographic method was discovered. Long since obsolete, it was nevertheless the beginning of the photographic industry. For years, all photographs were known as Daguerreotypes—after Louis Daguerre, who accidentally stumbled on the secret.
In turn, the development of photography was responsible for another accidental discovery. Professor Wilhelm von Roentgen, teacher of physics at Wurzburg, Germany, and an enthusiastic amateur photographer, was experimenting with cathode rays. Called to lunch during one of his experiments, he left the tube on his desk and forgot to turn off the electricity. That same day he happened to take some photographs. When he developed them, he was startled to see, in the center of one picture, the silhouette of a key.
After a search, he found his office key inside of a book on his desk, where it had been used as a bookmark. Sitting down, he carefully thought over the whole strange group of circumstances. The key had been in the book. The book had been on the desk. And, come to think of it, one of his photographic plate-holders also had been on the desk and under the book. The cathode-ray tube had ' been left burning on the desk and also on the book. The tube must have given off rays of some sort that had penetrated the book and plate-holder to affect the photographic plate and leave the picture of the key. He tried duplicating the experiment. It worked. Before long he made a photograph of the bones of his hand.
Von Roentgen called this new, strange ray the X-ray, because it was unknown. As everyone knows, the X-ray plays an important part in modern life, being used in both medicine and industry.
Daguerre accidentally discovered exactly what he was looking for. Von Roentgen accidentally discovered something entirely unexpected. So did Dr. Waldo Semon, a research man for the B. F. Goodrich Company. Dr. Semon was trying to develop an adhesive which would bond rubber to metal. He carried out numerous experiments in which simple molecules were caused to polymerize or join together like links in a chain. These linked molecules formed products which he hoped would do the job.
In one of these experiments vinyl chloride, ordinarily a gas, was polymerized to give a tough, resinous product. When he heated this substance, Semon found that he had prepared something strange. It was much too thick to be an adhesive. In fact, he was having trouble getting it out of the test tube. As he struggled to remove the contents, the test tube slipped from his grasp and shattered on the floor. Semon was amazed by what he saw then. The contents bounced. Retrieving it from the floor and kneading it between his fingers, he formed a small ball. Then, as his colleagues gaped in surprise, he proceeded to bounce the ball down the hallway.
Further investigation revealed that the new substance, though something like rubber, had other astonishing qualities. Unlike natural rubber it was noninflammable. It was practically impervious to oil or gasoline and its surface sealed tight against the corrosive effect of almost every known acid. Because of this last quality, it was called Koroseal, a substance discovered by pure chance. Millions of dollars worth of this remarkable product now . are being used every year in industry, garden hose, backyard play ponds, curtains, bedspreads, baby pants and other products.
E. Howard Armstrong's father thought he was too young to have bumped into a million-dollar idea. Howard, who was still in college was a pioneer radio bug. His equipment littered the entire attic of the family home in Yonkers, New York.
One day Howard had just rewired his homemade set, as was the periodic custom of every real ham. Tuning in on some signals, he was amazed to hear them without even taking the earphones from the table. Young Armstrong examined his circuit painstakingly. The only significant thing he found was that he had rearranged the plate coil and grid coil of the tube so that they were close.
Apparently part of the energy from the plate circuit was feeding back into the grid circuit of the same tube, and thus building up the signals. After checking for two months he knew that he had made a big discovery. When he asked his father for money to get a patent, his father scoffed: "Why, you're still just a kid! You'd better pay more attention to your studies and stop fooling around with that wireless thing."
Howard, however, still tried to protect his invention. Making up a detailed wiring diagram, he had this notarized. It was this document which later upheld Armstrong's claim to discovery of the regenerative circuit, widely used in commercial radio.
Everyone has accidents but only a few make them pay off. The accidents described above have been worth millions. You, too, can stumble into a fortune.
If you want to be an inventor, you may be lucky even when you appear to be "unlucky." For accidents are always happening to unlucky people. Just be sure, when that next accident happens to you, you're alert enough to recognize that million dollars when it pops up and hits you right in the face.


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Black tarballs and goopy oil are washing up on the summery
white sands of Florida's beaches. The Gulf oil gusher has reached a pivotal moment, not unlike Cleveland's Cuyahoga River catching on fire during the summer of
The burning Cuyahoga River became a symbol for a national ecological
and industrial system so out of kilter anyone living at the time could see things were really
screwed up. News reports and even
songs, including Randy Newman's "Burn On," about the flaming chemical-contaminated water blazed into the public consciousness–I remember as a six year old in Chicago hearing talk about the
burning river over in Cleveland.
Partially because of the talismanic Cuyahoga, the United
States was forced to enact clean water and clean air legislation that helped reform poor corporate and government management practices. Earth Day was also launched within a year
and a potent social moment was hatched. The
Nixon Administration supported the passage of new clean water and clean air legislation
in Congress, and President Nixon even proposed in late 1969 a new oversight
agency, the Environmental Protection Agency, for independent
industry oversight, with stiff penalties for those that violated
regulations. One of the first cities the
agency "went after" when formed in 1970 was Cleveland, precisely because of its
burning river.
We are facing the nation's worst
environmental disaster, and it is becoming
visceral. Models from the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) predict that oil from the Gulf spill
will travel from off Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida's panhandle, toward
South Florida, the Florida Keys and the Atlantic Seaboard by summer (NOAA model image below). So don't be surprised
to see more shots of tarballs, oily birds, turtles and greasy human feet. If you
live in the Southeast or vacation there, expect to smell, see and feel them in
real life.
"The smell is the worst thing," said NBC correspondent Anne
Thompson Friday.
"Until you smell it, you haven't
experienced it. It is so vile and it gets in your nose and your throat and your
lungs and just stays there. The consistency is like a combination of molasses
and chocolate syrup and it just stinks."
As Pensacola's famed white beaches are besieged by toxic
fumes, tar balls and oil blobs, the first real audience reviews from average
Americans are coming in, and they're not pretty.
In the world's consciousness, it's one thing to have oil
wash up on a coastal Louisiana "swamp"–though scientists and the fishing
industry know that marine life, along with many bird species, depend on estuary
wetlands for their existence. It's quite
another thing to prohibit Americans from enjoying their summer vacation at the
beach, which endangers the Southeast's tourism and fishing industries, along
with the service industries that rely on summer visitors for all or much of their
What will happen next? I wrote on early April
that the BP oil crisis could become larger in magnitude than the Exxon Valdez
spill in Alaska. How much worse can this get? No one knows, but eventually government policy,
consumer habits, technology adoption, media, and even real estate markets will be
changed as a result of the BP oil gusher.
Stopping the oil from spouting into the ocean is of course
priority number one. Sunday some 10,000
barrels of oil a day were being captured by BP, with cameras showing more oil
still spewing.
Here are urgent needs that should be prioritized:
- The Obama Administration must conduct a detailed risk assessment of the regional tourism industry,
the fishing industry and regional services (haircuts, restaurants,
plumbers, etc.) that could be
impacted by this tragedy. The geographic focus should include the Gulf
Coast states, south Florida, Atlantic Coast (north Florida, Georgia, South
Carolina, North Carolina) and the open Atlantic. By my rough
estimate below, there could be an
economic impact to the Southeast US economy of more than $52-78 billion, based on the following:
Gulf Coast commercial fish products $6.5 billion
Total–$2-3 billion impact?
Gulf Coast and Southeast Coast share of $42
billion Total US recreational fishing equipment expenditures: $2 billion impact?
Gulf Coast $100 billion tourism industry Total –$30-50
billion impact?
Florida beach-related tourism $42 billion Total–$10
billion impact?
Florida recreational fishing $5.4 billion
Total–$1-2 billion impact?
Florida commercial fishing: $5.5 billion
Total–$1-2 billion impact?
Florida boating industry $18 billion Total:–$3-4 billion impact?
Georgia coastal tourism $2 billion Total–$.5
billion impact?
South Carolina coastal tourism Total $6.5
billion–$1-2 billion impact?
North Carolina coastal tourism Total $4 billion
(estimate)–$1 billion impact?
Regional services associated with tourism?
Impact on Ecosystem services (wetlands that
clean water, vegetation including mangroves that provide flood and hurricane
buffer zones)–incalculable?
Heath Care costs for workers, and residents impact
by air and water quality?
Such "full cost" accounting is now
more than ever necessary to examine complete economic, climate, environmental
and societal impacts.
- US subsidies to oil
companies–some $15 to $35 billion a year–need to be curtailed, and
transferred to Gulf oil clean-up funds and Gulf economic restoration, and
also redirected to fund alternative transportation fuel and technology research and deployment.
- The Mineral Management Service agency needs to go. MMS's
relationship to the oil industry is so incestuous it will be impossible to
reform. "Obviously, we're all part
of the oil industry," one MMS official said to investigators
who were looking into reports of graft, porn and drugs shared by MMS staff
and oil officials. The feds need to create a completely independent
oil and gas regulatory agency, similar to the EPA, but with greater power
as energy is essential to the daily functioning of the overall economy.
The EPA has already said that it might have a hard time penalizing BP
because it is such as large supplier of fuel to the US military, including
being the top supplier of military jet fuel.
- Higher-vehicle mileage and
alternative technologies need to gain much faster traction. We need more
miles per gallon (beyond current goals) for conventional engines, more plug-in hybrids, and the
development of more biofuel-burning engines that don't use food as a fuel source.
- Can this finally be the time in our history when "recreational"
cars and other joy-ride vrrooom vrrooms–at least oil and gas burning
machines–stop being cool? That goes for jet skiis and race cars. After all, besides demanding all that gasoline, oil and oil-derived
products (tires, hoses, asphalt roads), these machines are
causing global climate change, not to mention regional and global air
pollution, and water pollution from runoff. Measures should be instituted
so individuals using these machines purely for pleasure make the connection between their hobbies and the perilous quest for harder-to-justify oil.
- The United States needs to consider less-polluting
domestically produced transitional fossil fuels for transportation, including compressed
natural gas.
Recent discoveries have shown a large supply of domestic natural gas can–if
used for transportation–can offset some of the need for risky deepwater
drilling (though natural gas drilling has been shown to pollute some local
water supplies, and such activities need to be monitored closely).
- Here's the most obvious
yet least discussed solution in public or the media.
Urban and community planning needs to be instituted that will
reduce automobile dependence. Cars use close to half of the oil used in the United States,
with much of that use resulting from our national migration to poorly planned communities,
which has been condoned and abetted by national, state and local policy. Yes,
plug-in hybrids and electric cars will one day replace many of the
gas-burning cars on the road today, but until then (15-20 years?) transportation including cars and trucks will account for about 70% of oil used in the country, primarily in suburban/ exurban communities that lack public
non-automotive choices for commuting to jobs, schools or for shopping,
entertainment and errands.
It is time to face the sobering truth.
We, or at least all of us that drive or use goods delivered by or that contain oil, are the root of the BP Gulf oil crisis. Until,
we change the way our communities are planned, operated and valued, we will
unfortunately encounter with numbing frequency disasters related to oil that may be even more horrific
than BP's gusher.
Denial and guilt, combined
with entrenched financial interests (Big Oil and the Auto industry), have been powerful
forces chilling media discussion about the need for less-oil dependent
community planning–walkable neighborhoods with mixed uses and good public
It's time to step up the post-oil conversation while
implementing full-cost risk and reparation analyses. The Obama Administration and
our nation have their work cut out for them: there is a need to clean up not just beaches,
Gulf communities and wetlands, but also the dank bureaucratic swamps of institutional corruption.
The burning Cuyahoga River demonstrated that a crisis truly can present numerous opportunities. Let's
link cause and effect to powerful solutions by taking bold national and local actions
that will have lasting impact, long beyond the narrowly framed BP Gulf oil disaster
Warren Karlenzig is president of Common Current, an internationally
active urban sustainability strategy consultancy. He is author of How Green is Your City? The
SustainLane US City Rankings and a Fellow at the Post Carbon Institute.


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Tuesday, June 17, 2014
I have been housebound for the past several weeks taking care of my Father full-time. I have been feeding him some of his favorite foods. This of course, has been disastrous on my health as I often find myself eating whatever I cooked for him, with him. Combined with the lack of exercise, I started feeling the change in my body. The last thing I need is to end up in the hospital again, because, third strike, I'm probably out.
So I made my vegetable smoothie tonight which will provide me with three meals. Broccoli, spinach, organic carrots with tops, lemon, strawberries, blueberries, kale, bok choy, and a little orange. It really hit the spot. I can actually taste precious beautiful Life when I drink it...
Posted by Ka`iana at 9:16 PM
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Polystar Partners with Qosmos to Deliver Mobile Data Intelligence Solution
26 Feb, 2013, 05:00 GMT
STOCKHOLM, February 26, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --
Mobile operators profit from enrichedinput for Big Data analytics
Polystar, a leading supplier of Service Assurance, Network Monitoring and Test Solutions for the telecom market, announcesits partnership with Qosmosto deliverenhanced customer analytics and in-depth visibility of service quality. Polystar has embedded Qosmos ixEngine into its product portfolio, enabling mobile network operators and service providers to gain enrichedfeeds for Big Data analysis on high-speed mobile data, tobetter understand their subscribers'behaviour and further improve service assurance and customer experience for their clients.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130226/595502 )
Polystar delivers multi-technology probe-based solutions for real-time Network Performance, Service Quality and Customer Experience Management. Its passive probe system OSIXcaptures all signalling and user data events in the telecom networks and feeds this datainto the Jupiter application suite. Jupiter in turncreates business intelligence by delivering customised dashboards, reports, trending and analytical tools to a variety of departments within the network operator's organisation.
QosmosixEngine is the de facto industry-standard software engine for Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and L7 application intelligence in telecoms, cloud and SDN architectures. QosmosixEngine delivers network intelligence to Polystar by identifying thousands of protocols and extracting metadata attributes for the instant and most accurate picture of real-time activities and actual data traffic in the network. Going beyond traditional Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) technology, Qosmos treats the network as a real-time database, to identify, query and extract specific data with unparalleled precision and detail.
"With Qosmos technology, we are able to considerably increase the monitoring and data-gathering functionality of our product portfolio," said Mikael Grill, CEO of Polystar. "Enhancing our portfolio with mobile aware DPI, our customerswill benefit from even stronger Big Data analysis tomake better sense of the information goldmine they have at their disposal, and as a resultwill be able tosuccessfully monetise their data assets and provide the best possible subscriber experience."
"By leveraging Qosmos network intelligence technology, Polystar can focus on their core competency of helping operators harness the value of Big Data,"commented ThibautBechetoille, CEO of Qosmos. "QosmosixEngine has become the primary link in the information value chain for Big Data analysis in telecoms, extracting detailed traffic information in real-time to feed solutions that sharpen operators' competitive edge."
Embedded Qosmos network intelligence enables Polystar to deliver solutions that help CSPs to run their operation more efficiently, differentiate themselves in a competitive market, improve their service offerings and find new ways to drive revenues.
About Polystar
Polystar is the premier supplier of Service Assurance, Network Monitoring and Test Solutions to leading telecom operators, service providers and network equipment manufacturers around the globe. Polystar's innovative product portfolio supports the complete lifecycle of new services and technologies-from design, pre-deployment verification and stress-testing, through roll-out, down to network assurance and service management of in-service mobile, fixed, IP or converged networks. Polystar is recognised as one of the fastest-growing companies in Sweden. Since its establishment in Stockholm in 1983, it has experienced a continuous and sustainable growth, and evolved to a global presence, serving its customers in over 50 countries.
About Qosmos
Qosmos provides the information layer in service-aware networks based on SDN and NFV. The company specialises in Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and Layer 4-7 Network Intelligence (NI) technologies, which recognise thousands of communication protocols and metadata attributes for the most accurate picture of real-time data activity on networks. The company's software development kit and probes are embedded used by equipment makers, specialised software vendors and cloud service providers into their telco and enterprise offerings which are sold to telcos and enterprises to accelerate time to market and ensure continuous signature updates.
Qosmos' technologies can be embedded inside all next-generation solutions where real-time L4-7 intelligence is critical, such as traffic optimization, policy management, quality of experience, analytics, firewalls, cyber defense, and more. Qosmos can be used in all environments: physical, virtualised and in SDN architectures. For more information: http://www.qosmos.com
Polystar Media Contact
Inna Ott, Marketing Director
Phone: +46-8-50-600-600
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Qosmos Media Contact
Debby Stefaniak, Full Circle Communications
Phone: +1-215-712-2409
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
SOURCE Polystar Group


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Item Description
Item#: 204295
Whether you send this beautiful arrangement to the family home or to the service, all will appreciate its elegance and grace. The contrast of brilliant white blossoms and dazzling greenery create a wonderfully calm and dignified setting. Gorgeous flowers such as white lilies, carnations and miniature carnations mix with vibrant greens in a large basket. Simply stunning. (Approximately 26" W x 25" H)
• White Oriental Lilies
• White Mini Carnations
• Salal
• Oregonia
• Sword Fern
• Wicker Basket
Peaceful White Lilies
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"This is a very peaceful and friendly offer of flowers to give to someone you barely know but are trying to remain friends in an unfriendly situation."4/5 Stars
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"This flower basket is so pretty. I love the calm and elegant lilies with the pop of green from the ferns."4/5 Stars


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Gardening: In the right company
THERE is a particular allure in the notion of companion planting.
Through years of gardening and plant husbandry, the magical life of plants is slowly being revealed to me. Some plants have preferred bedfellows, while others work to repel or attract insect companions.
Some theories are untested, some have undergone serious and scientific trials. But who can say the experience and observations of generations of gardeners should be ignored?
Marigold is recognised by home gardeners and scientists as a natural tool in the pest control arsenal as a potent defence against nematodes, or eel worms.
Nematodes are tiny, clear worms a few millimetres long.
Some species of nematode attack the roots of desirable plants, causing distortions and affecting the vigour of the plant.
Marigold roots exude phytochemicals to counteract the pest - all the action happens quietly underground.
Although many companion plants remain untested, various types of marigold have undergone scientific field trials.
Once flowering, the marigolds are cultivated back into the soil as a crop rotation.
The results are impressive. Tagetes patula 'Single Gold' topped a Dutch trial with 99 per cent of nematodes controlled.
Burpee Seeds in the United States have so much faith in the ability of this humble flower that they've named it 'Marigold Nema-gone'.
Most gardeners aren't in the habit of chopping up their marigolds and digging them back into the soil, but it makes sense to put in plenty around plants susceptible to nematode damage, such as brassicas, carrots and parsnips.
If you do have serious problems caused by nematodes you could follow the Dutch example and sow a crop of marigolds, then dig them in once they're flowering.
Another well-tested theory is to plant rows of carrots and onions together. This one makes complete sense. The smell of the onions disguises the smell of the carrots from the carrot rust fly.
The carrot smell also disguises the onion from onion fly.
A well known triplicity is called the Three Sisters - corn, climbing beans, and pumpkin or squash.
The corn provides structure for the bean to grow up and the pumpkin scrambles over the ground shading the soil from the hot sun. Each of the plants has its own niche.
Native Americans developed the system because it provided a balanced diet from a single plot of land.
Some plants are bad companions.
Potatoes are no good near tomatoes as they are in the same family and share diseases. They are also likely to fight over similar nutrients in the soil, such as potassium.
Other plants are okay to grow at a distance, such as along a border.
Fennel exudes a chemical from its roots which is allelopathic, in other words it inhibits the growth of plants growing near it.
But the fennel flowers are good, as they attract predatory insects which will provide a volunteer army to deal to pests on your behalf.
Fennel is also good to plant near dog kennels, as it repels fleas.
Dill, coriander, carrot, angelica and parsley all have similar umbel-shaped flowers loved by beneficial predator insects, so grow these plants and allow them to set flower and seed in your garden.
Other excellent plants to attract good insects are purple-flowering phacelia, borage, clover, chives and comfrey, yellow tansy or 'Bachelor's Button', and delicate white alyssum and chrysanthemum.
As long as you have plenty of flowers in and around your garden you will be providing habitat and nectar for a diverse range of insects.
Keep a diary on what has worked or not worked so you can hone your observations for future reference.
The aim is for a balanced garden which is not overburdened by pests, and where spraying is a thing of the past.
Good and ugly
- Hover flies: The young larvae of some species are voracious carnivores and will eat small soft-bodied insects such as aphids, some chewing through as many as 40 aphids a day. Hoverflies are very cool insects and fun to spot. They look like a cross between a honeybee and a fly but unlike bees they have two wings, not four. They fly in distinct right-angled flight paths and can hover in one spot. Trials have proved that fields of canola planted with adjacent strips of purple-flowering Phacelia increased numbers of hoverfly, which in turn greatly reduced aphid populations.
- The same goes for red ladybirds. Their babies are ugly devils, with appetites to match and will chew through aphids as if they were juicy grapes.
- Wasps: Bigger wasps will eat a caterpillar for breakfast. Smaller wasps will lay their eggs on a caterpillar and the horror show begins as the caterpillar is slowly eaten from the inside out.The same goes for the tiny wasps which parasitise aphids and whitefly. If you see some aphids which aren't moving and look mummified, leave them on the leaf. They are likely to be host to wasp pupae and you will have plenty more fighters to do your dirty work for you.
Plants for beneficial insects: Kings seeds sells a Beneficial Insect Blend. Visit kingsseeds.co.nz
Also visit farmerfred.com/plants_that_attract_benefi.html
In the glasshouse: Tiny parasitic wasps are available to purchase (by the 1000) from bioforce.net.nz
Home gardener's observations: The book, Companion Planting in New Zealand by Brenda Little, is worth reading. Available from touchwoodbooks.co.nz


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They are listed in our Idioms dictionary:
dear sir:
i have tried so hard to find a meaning for these two phrasal verbs and i could not find anything so can you help me by telling me the meaning of as easy as apie , at the eleventh hour
They are listed in our Idioms dictionary:
I'm not a teacher, so please consider any advice I give in that context.
In case you're wondering, you can find a lot more of idioms where this came from!
Look on the left side of your screen.
You can also find a lot of information about grammar and phrasal verbs over there.


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Survive Anything - Disasters - Economy Collapse - Mobs, Etc. PROTECT YOUR FAMILY!
37 Food Items that will be SOLD OUT after Crisis:
NASA knows some things. 2012 Survival Guide
Ping your blogAnd Chomp it www.Hypersmash.com
Global Unrest ~ Why so many Earthquakes? Tornados? Disasters? ~ Why so many Corrupt Governments?
|Solar X-rays:
Geomagnetic Field:


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Total Recoil
PlayStation Vita
What do you need help on? Cancel X
Look lively soldier, grab your gear and fall in line for the biggest, baddest, craziest and most explosive war game to hit your screens and assault your senses. Total Recoil takes arcade shooters to the max; it's a warmongers delight, packing a deadly arsenal of kick-ass weapons, devastating explosions, mega bosses, and much much more into one dynamite package.Start as a lowly Private and work your way up through the ranks by blasting through wave after wave of gun-toting grunts, turrets, gunships, mega-tanks, mines and more. Arm yourself with a huge range of upgradeable weapons whilst raining down death and destruction upon your enemies by earning 'Killstreaks' including artillery, air support, sentry guns and smart bombs. It's the most gun toting, flame throwing, rocket launching, barrel busting, chain-gunning, explosive game on the App Store. So, what are you waiting for?...FALL IN SOLDIER!Features• Explosively addictive arcade gameplay keeps you coming back for more. If you can see it, you can blow it up! • Upgradable weapons including Assault Rifle, Flamethrower, Chaingun, Cannon, Grenade Launcher and Missile Launcher• Battle your way through The Oil Rig and The Mighty Jungle• Unlock 'Killstreak' rewards including artillery strikes, sentry guns and dive bombing planes• Packed with multiple game modes including Operations, Rank Challenges and Endless Wave mode.• Collect reward coins to buy and upgrade your weapons, killstreaks and equipment • More explosions per square inch of screen than any other game.........ever!
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Fair (9 ratings)
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