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Patent application title: Synchronizing Rendering of Multimedia Content
Bruce L. Davis (Lake Oswego, OR, US)
Tony F. Rodriguez (Portland, OR, US)
Geoffrey B. Rhoads (West Linn, OR, US)
IPC8 Class: AG06K900FI
USPC Class:
Class name: Image analysis applications
Publication date: 2010-07-08
Patent application number: 20100172540
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Patent application title: Synchronizing Rendering of Multimedia Content
Bruce L. Davis
Geoffrey B. Rhoads
Tony F. Rodriguez
Origin: BEAVERTON, OR US
IPC8 Class: AG06K900FI
USPC Class:
Publication date: 07/08/2010
Patent application number: 20100172540
Auxiliary data encoded in multimedia content signals synchronizes
rendering of different media content types in multimedia content. This
auxiliary data includes one or more digital watermarks that are used to
synchronize playback of the different media content signals. The digital
watermarks identify different media signals, identify rendering
locations, such as temporal or spatial areas in a first signal where the
media signal is to be rendered, or provide rendering control scripts for
controlling playback.
1. A method for using a digital watermark in a media track to synchronize
play back of different media data from the track, comprising:using a
programmed computer to decode auxiliary data from the media track,
wherein the auxiliary data includes text data and at least one digital
watermark extracted from a media signal in the media track;reading media
data from the track;deriving data for synchronizing playback of the media
and text data from the digital watermark; andcontrolling playback of the
media data using the digital watermark to synchronize playback of the
text and the media data.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the media data includes audio or video, and controlling playback includes controlling rendering of the audio or video synchronized with display of the text.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the text is embedded in a digital watermark in the audio or visual content of the media track.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the digital watermark links the text to locations in the media track.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the digital watermark links the text to locations in the media track where the text is to be superimposed during playback of the media data.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the digital watermark provides frame identifiers for synchronizing the text with the playback of frames in the media track.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the digital watermark provides an index to a script for controlling playback of the text and media data.
8. A computer readable medium on which is stored instructions, which, when executed by a computer, perform a method of using a digital watermark in a media track to synchronize play back of different media data from the track, comprising:using a programmed computer to decode auxiliary data from the media track, wherein the auxiliary data includes text data and at least one digital watermark extracted from a media signal in the media track;reading media data from the track;deriving data for synchronizing playback of the media and text data from the digital watermark; andcontrolling playback of the media data using the digital watermark to synchronize playback of the text and the media data.
9. A method for using a digital watermark encoded in a first media signal to synchronize play back of a different media signal, comprising:decoding auxiliary data from the first media signal, wherein the auxiliary data includes at least one digital watermark extracted from the first media signal;retrieving the different media signal;deriving data for synchronizing playback of the first media signal and the different media signal from the digital watermark; andcontrolling playback of the different media signal together with the first media signal using the digital watermark to synchronize playback of the first and different media signals on an output device.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the different media signal is an audio or video clip and the digital watermark identifies the clip to be played and when to initiate playback of the clip along with the first media signal.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the different media signal comprises a video and the digital watermark links the video to the first media signal and is used to synchronize playback of the video with the first media signal.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein the digital watermark encodes a script for controlling playback of the first and different media signals.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein the digital watermark provides a pointer to a script for controlling playback of the first and different media signals.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein the digital watermark in at least one of an audio or video signal is used to synchronize playback of the different media signal, which is a different media type from the signal in which the digital watermark is encoded.
15. The method of claim 9 wherein location of the digital watermark is used to synchronize playback of the different media signal with the first media signal.
16. The method of claim 9 wherein information within the digital watermark is used to identify a different media signal and synchronize playback of the different media signal with the first media signal.
17. The method of claim 9 wherein the auxiliary data includes digital watermarks, and the digital watermarks carry different information used to synchronize the different media signal at different spatial or temporal locations.
18. The method of claim 9 further including: synchronizing playback of the first and different media signals in response to user selection of a portion of the first media signal.
19. The method of claim 9 wherein the digital watermark links to rendering information that provides instructions on order of play back of one or more different media signals.
20. A computer readable medium on which is stored instructions, which, when executed by a computer, perform a method of using a digital watermark encoded in a first media signal to synchronize play back of a different media signal, comprising:decoding auxiliary data from the first media signal, wherein the auxiliary data includes at least one digital watermark extracted from the first media signal;retrieving the different media signal;deriving data for synchronizing playback of the first media signal and the different media signal from the digital watermark; andcontrolling playback of the different media signal together with the first media signal using the digital watermark to synchronize playback of the first and different media signals on an output device.
[0001]This patent application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/302,972, filed Dec. 13, 2005 (Now U.S. Pat. No. 7,643,649), which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/648,105, filed Aug. 25, 2003 (Now U.S. Pat. No. 6,975,746), which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/525,865, filed Mar. 15, 2000 (Now U.S. Pat. No. 6,611,607), which claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application 60/180,364, filed Feb. 4, 2000.
[0002]The invention relates to multimedia signal processing, and more specifically relates to synchronizing rendering of multimedia content.
[0003]Digital watermarking is a process for modifying media content to embed a machine-readable code into the data content. The data may be modified such that the embedded code is imperceptible or nearly imperceptible to the user, yet may be detected through an automated detection process. Most commonly, digital watermarking is applied to media such as images, audio signals, and video signals. However, it may also be applied to other types of data, including documents (e.g., through line, word or character shifting), software, multi-dimensional graphics models, and surface textures of objects.
[0004]Digital watermarking systems have two primary components: an embedding component that embeds the watermark in the media content, and a reading component that detects and reads the embedded watermark. The embedding component embeds a watermark pattern by altering data samples of the media content in the spatial or frequency domains. The reading component analyzes target content to detect whether a watermark pattern is present. In applications where the watermark encodes information, the reader extracts this information from the detected watermark.
[0005]Recently, digital watermarks have been used in applications for encoding auxiliary data in video, audio and still images. Despite the pervasiveness of multimedia content, such applications generally focus on ways to embed and detect watermarks in a single media type.
[0006]As an auxiliary data channel within multimedia content, digital watermarks may be used for carrying various types of data, including content identifiers as well as other types of data. A complementary type of content identification is a content hash, which is derived from attributes of a content signal, and when used in conjunction with a database of hashes, can be used to identify and associate metadata with the content signal.
[0007]This disclosure describes various applications of decoding auxiliary data in multimedia content with two or more media signals of different media types. These applications include using watermarks decoded from different media type signals within multimedia content to control processing of the multimedia content. One application is to use the watermark in one media signal to locate the watermark in another media signal. This is applicable to movies where a watermark in one media signal, such as the audio or video track, is used to locate the watermark in another media signal.
[0008]The watermark messages from different media signals may be combined for a variety of applications. One such application is to control processing of the multimedia signal. For example, the combined message can be used to control playback, copying or recording of the multimedia content.
[0009]Another application is copy control of multimedia content where a watermark from one media signal is used to control processing of the multimedia content. An audio watermark may be used to control processing of the video signal in a movie, or a video watermark may be used to control processing of the audio signal in the movie.
[0010]Another variation is where a watermark decoded from a first media signal of a first media type is used to decode a second media signal. The first and second media signals may be of the same or different types. Also, they may be part of the same composite media signal, such as an audio or video sequence. The term, "composite," refers to a collection of media signals, which may be temporal portions (e.g., time frames in audio or video), or spatial portions (e.g., blocks of pixels in an image or video frame) of a visual, audio, or audio visual work. As an example, the first media signal may be an audio or video frame (or frames) in an audio or video sequence and the second media signal may be subsequent frames in the same sequence.
[0011]This approach is used in a variety of applications, such as content de-scrambling, decryption, and decompression. For example, a watermark in the first media signal is used to de-scramble, decrypt, or decompress the second media signal. In addition, the watermark in the first media signal may be used to decode a different watermark from the second signal.
[0012]Another method uses a watermark decoded from a first media signal of a first media type to decode metadata associated with the first media signal. In one case, the watermark is used to locate the metadata, which may be hidden for security purposes, or distributed throughout the multimedia content at locations (e.g., video frames or scenes, or at audio clips) that the metadata pertains to. The metadata located from the watermark may be located on the same storage medium that includes the first media signal. For example, the metadata may be located on portable storage device, such as flash memory, a magnetic memory device (e.g., tape or disk), or an optical memory device (e.g., CD, DVD, minidisk, etc.). The metadata may be located in a file header or some other place (e.g., encoded in the disk wobble).
[0013]There are a variety of applications of the watermark in this context. It may carry a key to decrypt, decompress, descramble, or locate the metadata. The metadata, in turn, may be used to control processing of the media signal in a computer or consumer electronic device. For example, it may be used to control usage rights, playback, recording, copying, transfer, etc.
[0014]Yet another method decodes first and second watermarks and forms a key for decoding data from the first and second watermarks. The watermarks may be decoded from the same or different media signals. For example, the watermarks may be decoded from media signals from the same composite signal. They may be derived from different types of media signals, such as the audio and video tracks of a movie. Alternatively, they may be derived from different parts of the same type of media signal, such as an audio sequence, video sequence, or image. The watermarks may be extracted from a signal or signals stored in a storage device, such as a portable storage device (e.g., optical or magnetic disk or tape, flash memory, etc.).
[0015]The key formed from the watermarks may be used for a variety of applications. It may be used as a watermark key to decode a watermark from a media signal. It may be used as a decryption or de-scrambling key. Also, it may be used as a decompression key (e.g., a parameter used to decompress a media signal).
[0016]One aspect of the invention is a method for using a digital watermark encoded in a first media signal to synchronize play back of a different media signal. This method decodes auxiliary data from the first media signal, where the auxiliary data includes at least one digital watermark extracted from the first media signal. The method retrieves the different media signal and derives data for synchronizing playback of the first media signal and the different media signal from the digital watermark. The method controls playback of the different media signal together with the first media signal using the digital watermark to synchronize playback of the first and different media signals on an output device.
[0017]Another aspect of the invention is a method for using a digital watermark in a media track to synchronize play back of different media data from the track. This method decodes auxiliary data from the media track, where the auxiliary data includes text data and at least one digital watermark extracted from a media signal in the media track. It reads media data from the track and derives data for synchronizing playback of the media and text data from the digital watermark. The method controls playback of the media data using the digital watermark to synchronize playback of the text and the media data.
[0018]Further features of the invention will become apparent with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
[0019]FIG. 1 is a diagram of a watermark encoder system for encoding watermarks in multimedia content.
[0020]FIG. 2 is a diagram of a watermark decoder system for multimedia data.
[0021]FIG. 3 is a diagram of a watermark decoder system where watermark detectors for different media types collaborate.
[0022]FIG. 4 is a diagram of a watermark decoder system where watermark readers for different media types collaborate.
[0023]FIG. 5 illustrates an operating environment for implementations of the invention.
1.0 Introduction
[0024]The following sections describe applications for integrating watermarks in multimedia data. In general, these applications exploit some level of interaction between watermarks and/or metadata associated with two or more different media types. The types of media supported in a given implementation vary with the application, and may include, for example, audio (e.g., speech, music, etc.), video, images, graphical models, etc.
[0025]The initial sections describe ways to integrate watermark embedder and detector systems in multimedia data. These techniques may be applied to many different applications, including, for example, copy protection, content authentication, binding media content with external data or machine instructions, etc.
[0026]Later sections discuss specific application scenarios.
2.0 Integration of Watermarks and Metadata of Different Data Types
2.1 Defining Multimedia
[0027]The term, multimedia, as used in this document, refers to any data that has a collection of two or more different media types. One example is a movie, which has an audio and video track. Other examples include multimedia collections that are packaged together on a storage device, such as optical or magnetic storage device. For example, media signals such as still images, music, graphical models and videos may be packaged on a portable storage device such as CD, DVD, tape, or flash memory card. Different media signals may be played back concurrently, such as the video and audio tracks of a movie, or may be played independently.
2.2 Levels of Integration of Watermark Systems
[0028]The extent of integration of watermark systems for different media types ranges from a low level of integration, where watermark decoders operate independently on different media types, to a high level of integration, where the decoders functionally interact. At a low level of integration, the watermark systems for different media types operate on their respective media types independently, yet there is some relationship between the auxiliary data embedded in each type. At a high level of integration, components of the watermark detectors and readers share information and assist each other to perform their respective functions.
[0029]FIG. 1 illustrates an encoder system for embedding messages into a multimedia content with two or more media types. One example of multimedia content is a movie with video and audio tracks. For the purpose of illustrating the system, the following sections use a movie as an example of multimedia content. Similar methods may be implemented for other forms of multimedia content, such as combinations of three-dimensional/two-dimensional graphics and animation, audio, video, and still images.
[0030]In the encoder system shown in FIG. 1, there is a watermark encoder 20, 22 for each media type. Each encoder may embed a message 24, 26 into the corresponding media type 28, 30 in the native domain of the signal (e.g., a spatial or temporal domain) or in some transform domain (e.g., frequency coefficients). The result is multimedia content 32 having watermarks in different media types. The multimedia content 32 may be packaged and distributed on a portable storage device, such as a CD, DVD, flash memory, or delivered electronically from one machine or device to another in a file or streaming format.
[0031]There are a variety of ways to integrate the encoder functions. One way is to use a unified key that controls how a given message or set of messages are encoded and located within the respective media types. Another way is to insert a common message component in two or more different media types. Yet another way is to make a message inserted in one media type dependent on the content of one or more other media types. For example, attributes of an image may be extracted from the image and encoded into an audio track, and similarly, attributes of an audio track may be extracted and encoded in an image. Finally, the message in one media type may be used to control the processing of another media type. For example, copy control flags in a movie's audio track may be used to control copying of the movie's video track or the movie; and, copy control flags in the video track may be used to control copying of the audio track or the movie.
[0032]The following sub-sections describe various scenarios for integrating watermarks in different media types from the perspective of the decoder.
2.2.1 Auxiliary Data Embedded in Different Media Types
[0033]FIG. 2 depicts a framework for low level integration, where watermark decoders 40, 42 for different media types 44, 46 operate independently, yet an application 58 uses the auxiliary data associated with each of the media types. The auxiliary data may be encoded in a watermark message within a media signal or may be located in metadata accompanying the media signal (e.g., on the storage device and/or within a header of a file or data packet encapsulating the media). The multimedia content 50 is annotated with a "*" to reflect that it may not be identical to the original version of the content (e.g., the content shown at item 32, FIG. 1) at the time of encoding due to intentional or unintentional corruption (e.g., filtering, compression, geometric or temporal transforms, analog to digital, and digital to analog conversion). A content reader 52 receives the multimedia data and identifies the distinct media types within it. The functionality of the content reader may be built into a watermark decoder or provided by a separate computer program or device. In the example of a movie, the content reader identifies the audio and video tracks.
[0034]Watermark decoders for each media type operate on their respective media data. In extracting the watermark from the signal domain in which the embedder inserted it, the decoder functions compliment the embedder functions. In many applications, the media types may be coded in a standard or proprietary format. In the example of a movie, both the audio and video tracks are typically compressed (e.g., using some lossy transform domain compression codec like MPEG). The watermark decoders may operate on compressed, partially compressed or uncompressed data. For example, the decoders may operate on frequency coefficients in the compressed image, video or audio data. As shown in FIG. 2, the decoders 40, 42 operate independently on corresponding media types to extract messages 54, 56 from watermarks in each media type.
[0035]In the low level integration scenario of FIG. 2, an application 58 uses the messages from different media types to process the multimedia content. The application is a device, software process, or combination of a device and software. The specific nature of this processing depends on the requirements of a particular application. In some cases, the message embedded in one media type references content of another type (e.g., link 60 from message 54 to media type 2). For example, text sub-titles in a movie may be embedded in the audio track, and may be linked to specific frames of video in the video track via frame identifiers, such as frame numbers or addresses. The application, in this scenario, controls the playback by superimposing the text sub-titles on the linked frames.
[0036]In many applications, it may be useful to insert a link in one media type to content of another media type within the multimedia data. For example, one might want to link a still image or a video texture to a graphical model. Then, a graphics rendering application may use the link to determine which image (or video) to map to the surface of a graphical model. As another example, one might link an audio clip to an image, graphical model or other media object. When instructed to render the image, model or other media object, the rendering application then uses the link to also initiate playback of the linked audio clip, and optionally, to synchronize playback of the linking media signal with the signal linked by the watermark. For example, the video watermark could specify which audio clip to play and when to initiate playback of parts of the audio clip. Stated more generally, the embedded link from one media type to another may be used by the rendering application to control the relationship between the linked media objects during playback and to control the playback process.
[0037]The media signals within multimedia content can be linked together through watermarks and embedded with control information and metadata that is used to control playback. The entire script for controlling playback of a multimedia file or collection may be embedded in watermarks in the media signals. For example, a user could initiate playback by clicking on an image from the multimedia content. In response, the rendering application extracts control instructions, links, and/or metadata to determine how to playback video, audio, animation and other media signals in the multimedia content. The rendering application can execute a script embedded in a watermark or linked via a reference in the watermark (e.g., a watermark message includes a pointer to, or an index or address of a script program stored elsewhere). The watermark message may also specify the order of playback, either by including a script, or linking to a script that contains this ordering. Several media signals may be tied together in a playback sequence via a linked list structure where watermarks embedded in the media signals reference the next media signal to be played back (as well as media signals to be played back concurrently). Each media signal may link to another one by providing a media signal identifier in the watermark message, such as an address, pointer, index, name of media title, etc.
[0038]As the rendering application plays back multimedia content, it can also display metadata about the media signals (e.g., the content owner, a description of the content, time and location of creation, etc.). The watermark messages embedded in the media signals can either include this metadata or link to it. In addition, the watermark messages may include instructions (or a link to instructions) for indicating how and when to display metadata. The metadata need not be in text form. For example, metadata may be in the form of speech output (via a text to speech synthesis system), a pre-recorded audio clip, video clip, or animation.
[0039]To embed a variety of different information, instructions and links into the media signals within multimedia content, the embedder can locate watermark messages in different temporal portions (e.g., time multiplex different messages) of a time varying signal like audio or video. Similarly, the embedder can locate different watermark messages in different spatial portions of images, graphical models, or video frames. Finally, the embedder can locate different watermark messages in different transform domains (e.g., Discrete Fourier Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, Wavelet transform, etc.) of image or audio signals.
[0040]The following sub-sections describe additional application scenarios.
126.96.36.199 Copy Protection
[0041]In a copy protection application, the messages embedded in each media type convey information to the application specifying how it may use the content. For example, each message may provide copy control flags specifying "copy once", "copy no more", "copy freely", and "copy never." These flags indicate whether the application may copy the media type or the multimedia content as a whole, and if so, how many times it may copy the pertinent content.
[0042]The application collects the copy control flags from the different media types and determines the extent to which it may copy the content or selected media types within it.
188.8.131.52 Ownership Management
[0043]In multimedia content, each media type may be owned by different entities. The messages embedded in the content may contain an owner identifier or link to an owner. An ownership management application can then collect the ownership information, either from each of the messages in each media type, or by requesting this information by following the link to the owner. For example, the link may be associated with an external database that provides this information. The application may use the link to query a local database for the information. Alternatively, the application may use the link to query a remote database via a wire, wireless, or combination of wire and wireless connections to a remote database on a communication network (e.g., the Internet). One or more intermediate processing stages may be invoked to convert the link into a query to the remote database. For example, the link may be a unique number, index or address that cross-references the URL of a database server on the Internet.
184.108.40.206 Media Authentication
[0044]An authentication application may use watermark messages and/or metadata to authenticate media signals within the multimedia content. One or more of the media signals in multimedia content may be tampered with. Multimedia content poses an additional problem because media signals may be swapped into the content in place of the original signals. For example, in a video used as evidence, one might swap in a fake audio clip or remove a portion of the audio track. One way to authenticate the media signals is to extract features from them, hash the features, and insert the hashed features into the watermark messages of one or more of the media signals at encoding time.
[0045]To verify authenticity, the application at the decoder side repeats the process of extracting the features from the received media types (e.g., 44, 46), hashing these features, and then comparing the new hash with the hash extracted from the watermark message or messages. The objective of the hash is to create a content dependent parameter that may be inserted into a watermark message, or in some cases, in metadata associated with a media signal. The hash is not necessary if the size of the extracted features is such that they fit within a message.
[0046]Examples of features in images include the location of identifiable objects (such as the location of eyes and noses of human subjects), the shape of objects (e.g., a binary mask or chain code of an object in an image), the inertia of an image, a low pass filtering of an image, the Most Significant Bit of every pixel in a selected color plane (luminance, chrominance, Red, Green, Blue, etc.).
[0047]Examples of features in audio include the temporal location of certain aural attributes (e.g., a transition from quiet to high intensity, sharp transitions in spectral energy, etc.), a low pass filter of an audio clip, etc.
[0048]Features from one media type may be inserted into a watermark or the metadata of another media type. Alternatively, they may be combined and inserted in one or more of the media types in a watermark embedded in a watermark of the media signal or its metadata.
[0049]An additional level of security may be added using public key encryption techniques to create a digital signature that identifies the source of the multimedia content. Some examples of public key cryptography include RSA, DES, IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm), skipjack, discrete log systems (e.g., El Gamal Cipher), elliptic curve systems, cellular automata, etc. Public key cryptography systems employ a private and public key. The private key is kept secret, and the public key is distributed to users. To digitally sign a message, the originator of the message encrypts the message with his private key. The private key is uniquely associated with the originator. Those users having a public key verify that the message has originated from the holder of the private key by using the public key to decrypt the message.
2.2.2 Integrating Watermark Detection Processes
[0050]Another way to integrate processing of media types is to integrate watermark detectors for different media types. One function of some watermark detectors is to determine the orientation and strength of a watermark within a host media signal. The orientation may provide the watermark location, and possibly other orientation parameters like warp (e.g., an affine or non-linear warp, temporal and/or spatial), scale, rotation, shear, etc. As the media content is subjected to various transformations, the watermark orientation and strength may change. Watermark detectors use attributes of the watermark signal to identify its location and orientation within a host signal. In multimedia content where different media signals are watermarked, detectors for the respective media signals can assist each other by sharing information about the orientation and/or strength of a watermark in the media signals. While the watermarks in different media types may be transformed in different ways, the orientation information found in one media signal might help locate a watermark in a different media signal.
[0051]FIG. 3 depicts a watermark decoder framework in which the watermark detectors for different media types collaborate. Each detector 70, 72 operates on its respective media type 74, 76, yet the detectors share information. The detectors determine the presence, and in some cases, the strength and/or orientation of a watermark in a host media signal. In some applications, such as authentication, the detector identifies portions of the media signal that have a valid watermark signal, and portions where the watermark has been degraded (e.g., the watermark is no longer detectable, or its strength is reduced). Depending on the nature of the host signal, these portions may be temporal portions (e.g., a time segment within an audio signal where the watermark is missing or degraded) or spatial portions (e.g., groups of pixels in an image where the watermark is missing or degraded). The absence of a watermark signal, or a degraded watermark signal, may evidence that the host signal has been tampered with.
[0052]In applications where the watermark carries a message, each detector may invoke a watermark reader 78, 80 to extract a message from the watermark. In some cases, the reader uses the orientation to locate and read the watermark. The strength of the watermark signal may also be used to give signal samples more or less weight in message decoding. Preferably, each reader should be able to read a watermark message 82, 84 from a media signal without requiring the original, un-watermarked media signal.
[0053]One example of integrated detection is a scheme where watermark detectors operate on respective media types concurrently and share orientation parameters. To illustrate the scheme, consider the example of a movie that has a watermarked audio and video track. While video and audio are distinct media signals in the content delivery and storage formats, the video and audio tracks are carefully synchronized so that the audio closely tracks the movement of actors' mouths and other motion depicted in the video. The embedding scheme places audio watermarks within a specified temporal range of the video watermarks. Because the video and audio tracks need to be temporally synchronized to avoid noticeable artifacts during playback, the temporal locations of the audio and video watermarks are likely to remain within a predictable temporal distance in their respective host signals. As such, the watermark detectors can take advantage of the temporal relationship of the watermarks in different media types to facilitate detection.
[0054]The location of a watermark detected in one media signal can provide information about the location of a watermark yet to be detected in another media signal. For example, when the video watermark detector finds a watermark in a video frame (e.g., an I frame in MPEG video), it signals the other detector, passing information about the temporal location of the video watermark. Leveraging the temporal relationship between the video and audio watermarks, the audio watermark detector confines its search for an audio watermark to a specified temporal range in the audio signal relative to the location of the corresponding video watermark in the video signal.
[0055]In this scenario, the audio watermark detector may provide similar information to the video watermark detector to help it identify the frame or sequence of frames to be analyzed for a video watermark.
[0056]Another example is a scheme where one watermark detector operates on a media type, and then passes orientation parameters to a detector of another media type. This scheme reduces the complexity of the second detector because it uses the orientation parameters extracted from a first media type to assist computation of the orientation in another media type. Applying this scheme to the previous example of a movie, the watermark decoder method reduces the complexity of the audio detector by confining its search to a specified range defined relative to the location of a video watermark. This is a simpler case than the previous example in the sense that the orientation information flows solely from a first detector to a second one. The second detector searches in a confined space around the location specified by the other detector, and does not have to pass orientation information to the other detector.
126.96.36.199 Applications of Integrated Watermark Detectors
[0057]As in the previous sections, there are a variety of applications for watermark systems with integrated detectors. The watermarks may be used to encode data or links to external data or other media signals within the multimedia content.
[0058]The watermarks may also be used to encode authentication information. In the movie example, the watermarks in one media type can reference one or more watermarks in another media type. For example, if an audio detector does not find an audio watermark designated by the video watermark to be in a specified range within the audio signal, then it can mark that specified range as being corrupted. Similarly, the video detector can authenticate video frames based on presence or absence of video watermarks designated by audio watermarks.
[0059]In copy control applications for mixed media like movies, integrated detectors can be used to locate audio and video watermarks carrying copy control flags. If the audio or the video tracks have been tampered with or transformed in a way that removes or degrades the watermarks, then a copy control application can take the appropriate action in response to detecting the absence of a watermark or a degraded watermark. The actions triggered in response may include, for example, preventing copying, recording, playback, etc.
2.2.4 Integrating Watermark Message Reading of Different Media Types
[0060]FIG. 4 illustrates yet another scenario for integrating watermark decoders where the watermark readers for different media types collaborate. In this scheme, watermark detectors 100, 102 for different media types 104, 106 operate independently (or collaborate as described above) to detect the presence, and optionally the orientation, of watermarks in their respective media types. Watermark readers 108, 110 then extract messages from the detected watermarks. The watermark readers pool the message data 112 that they extract from the different media types.
[0061]Then, a message decoder 114 attempts to decode the pooled message data. The message decoder may perform various error correction decoding operations, such as Reed Solomon, BCH, Turbo, Convolution operations. In cases where the watermark embedder uses spread spectrum modulation to spread raw message bits in the host media signal into chips, the message decoder may perform the inverse of a spread spectrum modulation function to convert spread spectrum chip values back to raw message values.
[0062]The result of the decoding operations provides information about the media signals. Depending on the application and implementation, the decoded message 116 can be interpreted in different ways. For example, in some cases, to generate a valid decoded message (as indicated by an error detection process such as a CRC or parity check), watermark message data from each media signal must be valid. In other cases, the decoded message may specify which media signals have valid messages, and which do not.
184.108.40.206 Applications
[0063]Like the other scenarios described above, the scheme for integrating watermark readers of different media types can be applied to many applications, including data embedding and linking, content authentication, broadcast monitoring, copy control, etc. This scheme is particularly suited for content authentication and copy control because it can be used to indicate content tampering and to disable various operations, such as copying, playback, recording, etc. For example, it can be used in a copy control scheme for content with audio and video tracks. Each track contains watermark messages that must be detected and converted to the raw message data 112 before the decoder 114 can decode a valid message. Thus, valid copy control information in both the video and audio tracks must be present before a valid copy control message 116 will be produced. A player can then process the multimedia content based on the control information in the valid copy control message. Alternatively, the content can be prevented from being passed into a player or other application or device if a valid control message is not generated.
2.2.5 Using Watermark Messages to Store Keys to Other Watermarks or Metadata
[0064]The watermark message in one media signal may be used to specify a key of a watermark in another media signal. In this scenario, the watermark reader for one media type supplies the watermark decoder for another media type with the key. This key may specify the location of the watermark as well as information about how to extract the watermark from another media signal, and information to decode or decrypt the watermark message.
[0065]The watermark message in a media signal may also specify a key to access other metadata on the storage device of the media signal. For example, the message may specify a key to decrypt or decode metadata on the storage device, such as metadata in a header file or encoded within tracks of a CD or DVD (e.g., encoded within the disk wobble). The key may also specify the location of the associated metadata.
22.214.171.124 Applications
[0066]The scheme described in the previous section may be used in many applications, including those discussed previously. This scheme is particularly suited for content authentication and copy protection. In order to authenticate the content, each of the media signals in multimedia content need to have valid watermarks. The watermark in one media signal cannot be located without extracting a key from a watermark in another media signal.
[0067]In copy protection applications, the decoding system would need to find the watermarks in each of the media signals before enabling certain actions (e.g., playback, recording, copying, etc.).
2.3 Using Watermark Data in One Media Type to Control Playback of Another Media Type
[0068]For some applications, it is not necessary that each media signal in multimedia content have a watermark. For example, a watermark in one media signal could provide the desired functionality for the entire content, or for selected portions of the content. For example, in copy protection applications for movies, a watermark in the audio track could be used to encode copy control flags to control copying, playback, or recording of audio and/or video tracks.
2.4 Using Watermark Data in Conjunction with Other Data or Applications
[0069]The watermark message data can be used in conjunction with other data or applications to control processing of the multimedia or single media content. Using any of the scenarios above, for example, a decoder can extract a message that is used to control further media processing.
[0070]One example is where the watermark message is used as a necessary key for decoding or decrypting the media content. For example, the watermark message may contain necessary bits for decompressing (e.g., MPEG decoding) of the media signal or signals within the content (audio, video or both). Examples of necessary bits are CRC bits that are required to reconstruct coded video or audio data. This technique is particularly useful when the message is derived from watermark messages embedded in different media signals. In a movie copy control application, for instance, the decoder would have to generate a valid message based on decoding the raw message information from audio and video watermark messages before allowing playback, recording, etc. In this case, the embedder would spread the necessary control information into watermark messages inserted in the audio and video tracks. For example, watermark messages in audio or video frames include decompression parameters or descrambling keys to decompress or descramble subsequent audio or video frames.
[0071]The same approach can be implemented by embedding other forms of control data in one or more watermark messages in different media signals. Another example is a decryption key that is necessary to decrypt other media signals within the content, or other portions of the same media signal. Watermark messages in audio or video frames may include decryption keys to decrypt subsequent frames. One watermark message may include a key, or a portion of a key, needed to decrypt or unscramble other signal portions or other watermark messages. In the case where the watermark message includes only a portion of a key (e.g., one parameter in a key comprising two or more parameters), the other portion may be constructed by extracting another component of the key from another watermark message (in the same or different media signals) or from other metadata (e.g., in the disk wobble, the header file of MPEG content, etc.).
[0072]Another form of control data is region data that indicates that a particular media signal may only be played when the region data of the media signal and the player match. A similar region data scheme is understood to be implemented in the Content Scrambling System currently used for DVDs. The region data can be embedded in one or more watermarks in the same or different media signals. By placing this information in different media signals, the decoder must be able to extract consistent region data from watermarks in each of the media signals as a pre-requisite to further use of the content. Then, assuming all of the region data creates a valid region data message, then the copy control application would control playback based on whether the region data decoded from the watermarks (and/or metadata of the different media signals) matches the region data of the player.
3.0 Implementation of Watermark Encoders and Decoders
[0073]The state of watermark encoders and decoders for audio, video and still images is quite advanced. Some examples of watermark systems for multimedia data include U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,862,260, 5,930,369, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/503,881 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,614,914). Examples of watermark systems targeted to audio signals include U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,945,932, 5,940,135, 6,005,501, and 5,828,325. Other watermark systems are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,940,429, 5,613,004, 5,889,868, WO 99/45707, WO 99/45706, WO 99/45705, and WO 98/54897.
[0074]Examples of watermark systems used in copy control are: WO 00/04688, WO 00/04712, WO 00/04727, and WO 99/65240. These documents include examples where a copy protection scheme uses watermark data and metadata to control processing of a media signal.
[0075]Watermark systems that operate on compressed content include: U.S. Pat. No. 5,687,191; and WO 00/04722.
[0076]These watermark systems may be used to implement the scenarios described above.
3.1 Location of the Watermark Decoder
[0077]The watermark decoder may be implemented in one or more components. The location of these components varies depending on the application. For multimedia content on portable memory devices like DVDs or CDs, the decoder may be implemented in the drive hardware or in an interface to the drive hardware. Alternatively, the decoder may be located in an application program or device. One example is a media codec, like an MPEG decoder. If the media signals are compressed, the detector may have to implement at least portions of the codec. For example, if the watermark is coded in frequency coefficients in MPEG video and audio, the decoder system may include an MPEG parser and dequantizer to identify the media signals (audio and video signals) and extract the coefficients from each of the media signals. Placing the watermark decoder in the media codec, such as the MPEG codec, saves resources because many of the resources used for decoding the media signals may also be used for detecting and reading the watermarks.
3.2 Operating Environment
[0078]FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a computer system that may serve as an operating environment for software implementations of the watermarking systems described above. The encoder and decoder implementations as well as related media codecs and applications may be implemented in C/C++ and are portable to many different computer systems. Components may also be implemented in hardware devices or in a combination of hardware and software components. These components may be installed in a computing device such as a Personal Digital Assistant, Personal Computer, Hand-held media player, media players (DVD players, CD players, etc.) or implemented in a hardware module such as an integrated circuit module, ASIC, etc. FIG. 5 generally depicts one example of an operating environment for encoder and decoder systems.
[0079]The computer system shown in FIG. 5 includes a computer 1220, including a processing unit 1221, a system memory 1222, and a system bus 1223 that interconnects various system components including the system memory to the processing unit 1221.
[0080]The system bus may comprise any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using a bus architecture such as PCI, VESA, Microchannel (MCA), ISA and EISA, to name a few.
[0081]The system memory includes read only memory (ROM) 1224 and random access memory (RAM) 1225. A basic input/output system 1226 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer 1220, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 1224.
[0082]The computer 1220 further includes a hard disk drive 1227, a magnetic disk drive 1228, e.g., to read from or write to a removable disk 1229, and an optical disk drive 1230, e.g., for reading a CD-ROM or DVD disk 1231 or to read from or write to other optical media. The hard disk drive 1227, magnetic disk drive 1228, and optical disk drive 1230 are connected to the system bus 1223 by a hard disk drive interface 1232, a magnetic disk drive interface 1233, and an optical drive interface 1234, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions (program code such as dynamic link libraries, and executable files), etc. for the computer 1220.
[0083]Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk and an optical disk, it can also include other types of media that are readable by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, and the like.
[0084]A number of program modules may be stored in the drives and RAM 1225, including an operating system 1235, one or more application programs 1236, other program modules 1237, and program data 1238.
[0085]A user may enter commands and information into the personal computer 1220 through a keyboard 1240 and pointing device, such as a mouse 1242. Other input devices may include a microphone, sound card, radio or television tuner, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, digital camera, scanner, or the like. A digital camera or scanner 43 may be used to capture the target image for the detection process described above. The camera and scanner are each connected to the computer via a standard interface 44. Currently, there are digital cameras designed to interface with a Universal Serial Bus (USB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), and parallel port interface. Two emerging standard peripheral interfaces for cameras include USB2 and 1394 (also known as firewire and iLink).
[0086]In addition to a camera or scanner, watermarked images or video may be provided from other sources, such as a packaged media devices (e.g., CD, DVD, flash memory, etc), streaming media from a network connection, television tuner, etc. Similarly, watermarked audio may be provided from packaged devices, streaming media, radio tuner, etc.
[0087]These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 1221 through a port interface 1246 that is coupled to the system bus, either directly or indirectly. Examples of such interfaces include a serial port, parallel port, game port or universal serial bus (USB).
[0088]A monitor 1247 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 1223 via an interface, such as a video adapter 1248. In addition to the monitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers.
[0089]The computer 1220 operates in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 1249. The remote computer 1249 may be a server, a router, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer 1220, although only a memory storage device 1250 has been illustrated in FIG. 5. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 5 include a local area network (LAN) 1251 and a wide area network (WAN) 1252. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.
[0090]When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1220 is connected to the local network 1251 through a network interface or adapter 1253. When used in a WAN networking environment, the personal computer 1220 typically includes a modem 1254 or other means for establishing communications over the wide area network 1252, such as the Internet. The modem 1254, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 1223 via the serial port interface 1246.
[0091]In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer 1220, or portions of them, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. The processes detailed above can be implemented in a distributed fashion, and as parallel processes. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and that other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
4.0 Relationship with Other Applications of Metadata
[0092]Watermarks can facilitate and cooperate with other applications that employ metadata of multimedia objects. As demonstrated above, this is particularly true in copy protection/control applications where the copy control information in the watermark and the metadata are used to control playback. The watermark message and metadata (in the MPEG file header or encoded in the disk wobble) can form components in a unified key that is a necessary prerequisite to playback or some other use of the content.
[0093]The watermarks in the media signals can each act as persistent links to metadata stored elsewhere, such as a metadata database server on the Internet or some other wire or wireless network. Applications for viewing and playing content can display metadata by extracting the link and querying a metadata database server to return the metadata (e.g., owner name, content description, sound or video annotation, etc.). The watermark decoder or an application program in communication with it can issue the query over the Internet using standard communication protocols like TCP/IP, database standards like ODBC, and metadata standards like XML. The query may be sent to a metadata router that maps the link to a metadata database server, which in turn, returns the metadata to the viewing application for display or playback to the user.
5.0 Concluding Remarks
[0094]The watermarking technology detailed herein can be employed in numerous diverse applications. See, e.g., the applications for watermarking detailed in commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,862,260, and copending applications Ser. Nos. 09/292,569, 60/134,782, 09/343,104, 09/473,396 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,577,746), Ser. No. 09/476,686 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,562,392), and 60/141,763.
[0095]Having described and illustrated the principles of the invention with reference to several specific embodiments, it will be recognized that the principles thereof can be implemented in other, different, forms.
[0096]To provide a comprehensive disclosure without unduly lengthening the specification, applicant incorporates by reference any patents and patent applications referenced above.
[0097]The particular combinations of elements and features in the above-detailed embodiments are exemplary only; the interchanging and substitution of these teachings with other teachings in this and the incorporated-by-reference patents/applications are also contemplated.
[0098]In view of the wide variety of embodiments to which the principles of the invention can be applied, it should be recognized that the detailed embodiment is illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. Rather, we claim as our invention all such embodiments as may come within the scope and spirit of the following claims, and equivalents thereto.
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Intricate Round Stud Buy Online
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
During its 24th annual Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in San Francisco, Apple teased an interesting new mobile initiative: iOS in the Car. Showed off briefly onstage by Apple SVP of Internet and Software Services Eddy Cue, iOS in the Car is Apple's effort to work with car manufacturers to further integrate its mobile operating system. To that end, the iPhone maker claims to have "95 percent car integration," meaning the platform is ready to work with nearly all modern cars on the road today.
iOS in the Car goes beyond services like iPod Out and Siri Eyes Free with access to phone calls, iTunes, Maps and Messages within the mobile OS. Cue briefly showed that users will be able to call up songs or artists through voice, as well as directions. Given that Siri can already handle it, we imagine the ability to initiate phone calls and text messages will be included, too.
While interesting news, this doesn't necessarily put Apple ahead of the pack in the race to your dashboard. Several companies have been publicly going at it for some time now, including those bullish enough to put out proprietary solutions, like Mercedes and its gesture-based, augmented reality known as DICE. Unlike Apple's offering, DICE looks to take over not just the entire dashboard, but the windshield as well. Dangerous? Possibly. Cool? Absolutely.
Other auto makers, have opted to partner up with software creators to nab their share. Take Ford and Microsoft's Sync program, for instance. App developers were recently granted the option to join in the fun through its AppLink initiative, potentially opening your dashboard up to the range of your favorite apps, like Spotify.
In both regards, Apple has opted to take a far more conservative approach. But given its purportedly wide reach with 95 percent car integration, maybe that's enough to rocket iOS into the lead in the race for your dashboard. All things considered, don't expect to see iOS in the Car for a long time--until at least 2014, according to Engadget.
Copyright 2013 LAPTOP, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Joined: 30 Oct 2009
Posts: 1438
Location: England
Posted: Wed 03 Feb 2010, 13:55
Post subject:
arr! Did you try the newer version? I can't help you any more thogh as this is all I know (ant used "CPU Frequency Scaling Tool" yet.) sorry.
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Joined: 02 Feb 2009
Posts: 894
Posted: Wed 03 Feb 2010, 14:11
Post subject:
bee_pipes wrote:
One question for the netbook owners out there - 10" screens. How are they for reading? I was considering the kindles - hate reading at the desktop and the trend of books & manuals seems to be increasingly electronic. How are the small screens for extended reading? Ideally I'd like something that lends itself to loafing on the couch - whether reading, writing or coding.
The bigger question is what you will be reading.
I read a great deal of stuff in electronic format. My primary reading device is an old PalmOS PDA, but I also have an old notebook running Ubuntu and Puppy Linux.
The issue is the format things are in.
The majority of the stuff I have is HTML that has been converted to be used by Plucker, a free, open source offline HTML viewer for Palm OS devices. But I also have material in Mobipocket (used by the Amazon Kindle), ePub (used by the Sony Reader and Barnes and Noble nook), eReader (legacy format for the nook), Word, RTF, PDF, and plain text formats.
I can read all of them on the PDA save ePub, and can convert that to something I can read using an open source product called Calibre.
I can read Plucker, Mobipocket, and ePub documents on the notebook using an open source eBook viewer called FBReader. (A PET of FBReader 0.12.1 exists for Puppy.)
PDF is the biggest problem, as most PDFs are not created with the tagging that lets them reflow to fit smaller screens, and side-scrolling to read documents that don't fit is a pain.
I can read comfortably on both devices. (I use reading glasses, but am not at the point of needing bifocals.)
I'm not interested in a Kindle. Problem number one is that the eInk screen used by the current generation of dedicated reader devices does not support color, and color is a requirement for me. Problem two is vendor lock in. Amazon uses the Mobipocket ebook format (they own them) with a proprietary DRM scheme. Mobi format documents not encumbered by DRM can be gotten from anywhere and read on the Kindle. Current commercial ebook titles for the Kindle can only be purchased from Amazon.
I refuse to be locked in to a single vendor, so Amazon is off my list.
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Joined: 20 Jan 2009
Posts: 2288
Posted: Wed 03 Feb 2010, 16:12
Post subject:
Asus EEEPC 900 Intel Celeron M 900 Hz
2 gig of Ram
4 gig SSD = MacPup Foxy 3.0
16 gig SSD = /home
All formatted as Ext2 file system. Full Install
Webcam and Mic works in Skype. 2.6 gig free on 4gig SSD with tons of stuff added. Touch Pad and Cpu Scaling works also. Macpup Flies on this Netbook. I also run AntiX off External SD Flash Drive on it.
IBM 390E Intel 333 Mhz
256 mb of ram
20 gig hardrive=Puppy 4 Dingo full install/ AntiX 7.5
Wireless via Belkin F5D7010 PCMCIA Cardbus
CDRW drive
Amrel RT 686 Rocky II Intel 500 Mhz (passive touch screen)
256 MB of Ram
Touch Pad works. No need for CPU scaling. Has no fan. Just a monster aluminum Heatsink.
Hot swappable 6 gig Hardrive = Puppy 3.01 full install
PCMCIA DVDROM Plays Movies in Puppy
Wireless works via a DLink WNA 1330 PCMCIA G Cardbus
3.01 flies on this Laptop
Update: Running Puppy Dingo 4 now.
Amrel RT786 EX. I have LightHouse 5.03 installed Frugal on 3 gig IDE Hardrive. 512MB of ram. 700 MB of swap partition. 1.9 gig for save. Everything works, Tap, Sound, CDRW,
Flash,Java, No problemos.
Ibm A22 Intel 1000 Mhz
256 mb of ram
20 gig hardrive = Puppy Dingo 4 Full Install/Mint 7 XFCE 4.6
Has the red button in middle of keyboard.
DVDROM Plays Movies.
Wireless using a Belkin F5D7010 PCMCIA Cardbus
Update: Puppy 5.2 frugal install now running on this laptop. Everything works.
Upgraded ram to 512MB.
IBM T23 Intel 1.6 Ghz
1 gig of Ram
80 gig hardrive = Puppy 4.31 Full Install(on 8 gig dedicated Puppy partition)/AntiX 8.2/AntiX 8.5/ Windows 2000 Pro (for tuning motorcycles)
Wireless using Belkin F5D 7010 PCMCIA Cardbus (I have a few of these because ver 6 cards are Linux compatible)
Update: Puppy 5.2 full install works on this laptop.
Panasonic CF-48 Intel 1.8 Ghz
1.2 gig of ram
100 gig Hardrive = LightHouse Pup Mariner Frugal Install on 10 gig partition for just Puppy/Ubuntu 8.04 LTS/ AntiX 8.2
Internal Intel Wireless a/b/g chipset. All Distros work with wireless.
Update:Macpup 5.1 Full install works on this Laptop also. Everything works
My Motorcycle shop Desktop is a IBM M41 running wirelessly with AntiX 8.2 dual boot with a full install of a older version of Puppy 4.6 (back when it was first released as testing)
Update: BrunoPup,Puppy 5.2, TL-Os all frugal installs. Works with Patriot Wireless USB G pendrive.
I have another Amrel RT 686 EX Laptop.
Intel 800 hz. 512 mb of ram. DVDROM. That I can Hotswap the hardrive from the other Amrel RT 686 and use Puppy 3.01 on it also.
All my boxes fly with Puppy Linux. Antix flies pretty fast also on the boxes I have it installed on also. I also run swap partitions on all my installs except for the Asus EEEPC.
Edit again: June 18, 2012
IBM A22M just recieved via UPS. Pentium 3 , 700 hz cpu, 192MB of ram,empty 20 gig hardrive right now. Running Puppy 4.31 posting this right now via live cd session with a Netgear MA 521 wireless B pcmcia card. Wireless and sound works. Details at thread below.
Last edited by rokytnji on Mon 18 Jun 2012, 23:35; edited 3 times in total
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Joined: 11 Oct 2007
Posts: 76
Location: West Gloucestershire, UK
Posted: Thu 04 Feb 2010, 04:42
Post subject:
I've got a Dell Latitude Cpi, 192MB RAM, 400Mhz P2 and 6GB HDD. The later kernels don't seem to work too well with it, but I'm running a modified 4.2.1 ' Deep thought '. I've got an Edimax cardbus wi-fi adaptor - Rt61 driver - which worked out of the box, although I've added Pwireless2 for roaming capability, and it doesn't really have the grunt to handle flash, so ' noscript ' is a useful browser addition. Other than that my customisation has been merely personal preference - search engine of choice etc. Not bad for a machine built for Win 98!
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Joined: 04 Feb 2010
Posts: 812
Location: Australia, 1999 Toshiba laptop, 512mb RAM, no HDD, 431 Retro & 421 Retro
Posted: Thu 04 Feb 2010, 10:07
Post subject: Puppy on a Laptop
I'm running Puppy 4.2.1 on an Acer TraveMate 8200 laptop made on 2004, which I paid 5 dollars for at the Garbage Recycling Depot in January 2010.
I have found that Puppy is the ONLY operating system that will run this laptop. Windows XP was installed when the laptop left the Acer factory, but due to a conflict between XP and BIOS (I think) the laptop crashes every time I itry torun XP on it. Some poor sod paid a shit-load of money for this thing when it was new. I paid 5 dollars for it, which is about $4.99 more than it's worth.
I've installed Puppy 4.2.1 as a Frugal install to an Ext3 Partition, with a GRUB bootloader in the MBR giving me a choice between Puppy and XP at Startup. XP resides in a 10 Gb Partition and I only have it on the laptop for those rare occasions when I XP will do a specific job. For example, if I need to "reset" my Wireless Internet USB Modem, I will need XP to do that.
But the rest of the time I use Puppy Linux.
Starting this thread was a damn good idea.
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Joined: 03 Jan 2007
Posts: 1573
Location: UK
Posted: Thu 04 Feb 2010, 12:42
Post subject:
Once again, thankyou to all for your contributions,
they are very much appreciated.
Having said that, i thought i would add something about the
Toshiba Portege 7010CT
rather than just posting a link to thread, i thought i would reproduce it here (like i said, gather it all in one place)
I have got a Toshiba Portege 7010CT
= Pentium II 300 MHz
= 20 GB (I added this)
The HDD is partitioned as such: (All sizes = approx)
= ext3 = 50 MB (Used for GRUB only, flagged as boot)
= ext3 = 5 GB
= ext3 = 5 GB
= Extended
= ext3 = 8.3 GB
= linux-swap = 256 MB
Current OS's installed are:
FULL Install
FRUGAL and
I initially pulled the HDD out and connected it via an adapter into one of my desktops,
then used a Puppy-LiveCD to format/partition the HDD using GParted.
After that i created a FULL install, and installed GRUB
Each of the FRUGAL installs where done by mounting a USB HDD
and then copying the necessary files onto the internal HDD.
Then adding an entry to the menu.lst
boot up whatever Puppy i was trying to install
and then reboot and create a pup_save.2fs file.
There was a problem with Puppy-215CE, not sorting out the video (xorg or vesa)
but following the advice from BarryK in this thread:
Neomagic problem with 2.13 solved
i eventually got it installed.
If you do decide to try 215CE
follow the advice from BarryK in the above link,
but where it is suggested to do:
mp /usr/X11R7/bin/xwin
Try using this instead:
e3 /usr/X11R7/bin/xwin
Then after commenting out the lines in
save and exit the editor, then type:
Then just answer the questions that follow.
If it will help, here are a couple of things that i chose: (in no particular order)
Chose "yes" to view the card database
selected "Neomagic"
Horizontal sync frequency of "31.5 - 37.9"
Vertical refresh of "50 - 70"
Video RAM "2048"
Edited Modes so there was nothing above 800x600
Setting up the connection was a PITA to be honest,
that's probably to do with my card though (
Buffalo Air Station Turbo G - WLI-CB-G54HP
the only Puppy that did succeed without any problem whatsoever
(Well done prit1 & runtt21)
I have also got an old
IBM ThinkPad T21
on which i have had various Puppy versions running OK.
But at present i cannot fire it up to get more details, as it is suffering from a well known problem called
(Blink of Death)
apparently this does not just affect the T21 but most if not all of the T2x-series ThinkPads.
In my particular case, it is a bit of a lottery whether or not i can get it to start up,
sometimes it will, and most times it wil not.
If (and when) i manage to get it started, i will post more details as to what Puppy versions i have on it.
I have also added a link to the old wikka page
Working Laptops
in the very first post of this thread.
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Joined: 07 Apr 2006
Posts: 40
Location: Eltham, NZ
Posted: Thu 04 Feb 2010, 22:01
Post subject: Puppy On Laptops
Subject description: IBM T22
Hi Cat Dude,
I run an IBM t22, pIII900, 384mb sdram, and have tried lots of puppies.
At present have retro kernel 431(18.104.22.168) full hd and frugal installs, tuxx 420puppies frugal, 301 frugal, 109CE full and an older mepis.
431 full is my main 'grunt' system.
Was given this baby a few years ago with Win2000pro on it, but wiped that after it got all buggy and slow and I didn't have any install discs. By that time I was a puppy convert anyway. I run Wine 0.9.22 for a couple of Windows progs that I need (MS Works - some old docs I need occasionally that I never converted to Office, and a theology dictionary. BTW, have found later versions of wine don't run these two as well as 0.9.22.)
Hardware - in a nutshell, puppy is great. Some details:
Dialup - still run this at home. All puppies since the 2 series have autodetected my lucent winmodem. Even 109CE still has a downloadable ltmodem module which is a piece of cake to install. However, all the 4 series pups I have tried autoload martian_dev at bootup, which is the latest driver. This doesn't work on my T22. Thankfully puppy4 includes the older ltmodem module as well - easy enough to select that one over the martian one, but caught me out first time.
From 217 up, puppy loads my old airo 350 pcmcia wireless card - 80211b, although later network wizards more reliable than earlier.
gtkam detects and runs my little Fujifilm A170 camera, and also my ancient Intel Pocket PC. I must admit though that Digikam on Mepis is a more capable camera manager.
Had to hunt for the drivers for the HP Deskjet f2180- needed hpliplite and libnetsnmp pets - but going good. BTW, 431 is the first pup I've had in which the sane software has given me scanning capability. (May be my ineptness with software though)
Hard disks - I downloaded 430 with a later kernel, and for some reason it won't load on my t22 - can't find the puppy files. Looks like a hard disk detection problem. (Wondered if it was a crook burn, but the disk boots fine on other computers. Gave up on 430 until I found 431 retro, which works normally)
I have also found that full installs boot and run a bit faster than frugals, which is why I prefer them, but it is great to boot my frugals with pfix=ram to experiment safely - good way to learn linux stuff. Just reinstalled 109CE lately after finding the disk hiding away in the bottom of my old laptop bag - it's fast! But a bit limited now - no scanning, cameras etc - well perhaps not without a lot of mucking around.
Finally - found the T22 Thinkwiki informative and helpful - http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Category:T22.
Cheers - thelash, happy puppy user.
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Joined: 03 Jan 2007
Posts: 1573
Location: UK
Posted: Fri 05 Feb 2010, 17:30
Post subject:
I have added the following link to my first post, as it mentions a few laptops in there.
List your system
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Joined: 05 Feb 2010
Posts: 3
Posted: Mon 08 Feb 2010, 19:38
Post subject:
My Puppy is a Dell Inspiron 2200 which died and crunched the HD when my significant other dropped it. Puppy 4.3.1 on a usb rescued it.
I use it for watching videos on my TV mostly, and kids use it for web browsing. Boots in seconds rather than minutes. Will be installing a small HD (less than a tenner) as v little data was ever stored on the laptop.
Here's a picture
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Joined: 23 Jan 2010
Posts: 33
Location: Potsdam NY USA
Posted: Wed 10 Feb 2010, 20:01
Post subject: Dell Inspiron B130
Puppy 4.3.1 FULL HD INSTALL on an Intel Celeron M 420,1.6 GHz, 256 MB RAM, 14.1 widescreen. Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 900 GM. 40 GB HD, 802.11a/g, DVD-ROM/CD-RW.
Purchased new in Jan 2006 with Windows XP
Running Puppy for 2 months now -
Onboard microphone is not recognized (chipset problem?) Otherwise all hardware works well*
*One peculiar side. When I installed Pup into 2 separate bootable partitions (ext2) the second partition invariably fails to detect the wireless card. No idea why.
Battery life seems a bit shorter than with windows. And DO NOT drain the battery - Xwindows HATES that!
Finally, some add-on .pets are bad for its health (mplayer especially - results in the need to reinstall) Granted a more experienced user might find a way around this but not the UberNoob!
Follow the misadventures of "Timmy and his new puppy"
About My Puppy: 4.3.1 FULL on a DELL INSPIRON B130
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Joined: 08 Apr 2007
Posts: 259
Posted: Thu 11 Feb 2010, 07:13
Post subject:
Hi UberNoob,
for your mic problem have you tried already dealing with alsamixer? In my Acer notbook I have to switch to "front mic" in order to make it work. For the mplayer problem are you referring to the fact that after installed if you launch it from the menu everything locks and you have to exit x? If this is the problem you just need to add an "&" to the /root/.jwmrc file as said here http://www.murga-linux.com/puppy/viewtopic.php?t=26511
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Joined: 22 Oct 2007
Posts: 65
Posted: Fri 12 Feb 2010, 00:10
Post subject: MaxSpeed MaxBook 810
This was one of the original "NetBooks", from about 2003. Targeted at corporate users, it lacks a hard drive, boots from an internally-mounted Compact Flash drive. I've been running Puppy 3.x on it for a few years, just updated to 4.3.1 - it found everything, including the CompactFlash slot on the left side that 3.x never recognized, and my WiFi card, which I had a hell of a time getting working on 3.x. Love the new Puppy!
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Joined: 24 May 2008
Posts: 59
Posted: Fri 19 Feb 2010, 23:23
Post subject:
Hello Catdude,
I have a laptop, the current state with this laptop using Puppy 4.3.1 is outstanding! Everything works perfectly except maybe one miner thing that could be major for others but for me it's working quite well. My laptop is a Gateway 3550 GH or a GZ, I am not sure which one but both different versions are pretty much the same I think.
The only problems I have encountered with this laptop using puppy 4.3.1 is I had it turn off on it own on me a couple times. Getting Puppy Linux working on this machine is a marvel since this laptop was designed for Xp, yet Xp proved to be none functional. But it stopped turning off when I started to use the "CPU frequency scaling tool", which solved my problem and it hasn't turned off since. The second problem was well small for me, it was easy to fix. When I used my Afla long range wifi wireless card I had to plug it in at a certain time and make sure I use Ndiswrapper when I wanted to connect wirelessly, although my internal wireless card worked perfectly without me even having to find any drivers for it.
Everything else, Graphic, network card, USB, Mouse, and cd rom work great. If I want to get sound working on this laptop it is just a matter of turning off the external amplifier and it stays that way which is good.
The only thing I dislike about this laptop is I have to continue to adjust and monitor the temperature of the CPU other wise it will just turn off by it self, not to put Gateway down, but I believe I am not the only Gateway user who has this problem but it is manageable.
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Joined: 24 Dec 2009
Posts: 20
Location: Zurich, Switzerland
Posted: Sat 20 Feb 2010, 10:05
Post subject:
Hi all,
i use Stardust 4.3.1_007 frugal, boot from USB-Stick
on my DELL LATITUDE 110L from year 2006.
ADSL Router P623-ME.
Installation without problems - audio - graphic - touchmouse all running.
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Joined: 21 Feb 2010
Posts: 7
Location: Saskatchewan, Canada
Posted: Tue 23 Feb 2010, 20:52
Post subject:
I am triple-booting TinyCore, Puppy and Vector off an old TTX laptop from 2000. What the heck is a TTX, anyways?
It has a P3 processor and 118 MB RAM.
Internet connection was a snap, with automatic recognition of high-speed DSL. I am still a total noob at all of this, but everything seems to be working on this laptop.
Except the laptop volume control on the front. I figure I will tackle that problem next....after I figure out how I broke my desktop. lol.
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Letters to the Editor for Feb. 6, 2013
A thank you
To all who attended our Office Hours meeting on Jan. 31 at Goshen Town Hall, thank you. Meeting constituents, discussing upcoming legislative proposals and addressing concerns is why I am in Hartford - to represent you and your voice.
Thursday's discussion was a perfect reminder of why I'm doing this job, and why I believe I'm the best suitor to represent the voters of Winchester, Colebrook, Goshen and Torrington. I want to continue relaying what you, as my constituency, want to see done in the State Capitol.
There's no doubt that the challenges we face in the General Assembly - from gun violence and mental health, to jobs, the economy and a state budget - are not easy.
And I know my constituency recognizes that, as was the case during the Goshen discussion. But I have the pleasure of serving an educated constituency, and they feel passionate about many of these issues.
It's my job to address these concerns and represent them at the state level, and on Thursday, I left with a better understanding of your positions on these difficult issues.Again, thank you for coming to the Goshen discussion. I look forward to similar settings in the future, and to continue honorably, honestly and humbly serving you for the next two years.
-- Jay Case, State Representative of the 63rd House District
100 years of Income Tax
This year is the hundredth anniversary of the Income Tax (The 16th Amendment). In 1913 only a very small percentage of wage earners were subject to the tax. Over time, practically all of us have come under expanded provisions, including withholding and payroll taxes. What started so innocuously in 1913 has become a dead weight on our economy. JFK said, "the largest single barrier to full employment of our manpower......... and to a higher rate of economic growth, is federal income taxes."
In an era of sluggish economic activity and depressed federal revenues, Congress is turning a critical eye to the Income Tax. Right now we have several "fixes" vying for the spotlight, including tweaking the current system, various flat tax plans, VATs, and the FairTax. The FairTax is the only plan that replaces the income tax. It would have brought in more federal revenue in 2010 and 2011 than the income tax did because of the slump in employment. Quoting JFK once again, "Let us not seek the Republican answer or the Democratic answer, but the right answer."
Your Congressman, John B. Larson, has a critical role to play in these discussions, sitting as he does on the House Ways and Means Committee, where all tax reform must start.
Ask him to support the FairTax and report it out of committee for Congressional debate.
-- David Boone, Houston,
Moving the Emergency Room
Barkhamsted residents are being asked to subsidize the Borghesi/ Charlotte Hungerford Hospital project so that the developer can make a profit.
A former Barkhamsted selectman recently wrote that he objected to the tax abatement proposal. He generally supports tax abatements, which are traditionally used to draw businesses to towns. He objects to this particular abatement because it is at the expense of Barkhamsted's neighbors in Winsted. He thinks this is not good for the region and that economic development should be planned with "an eye toward regional stability." Many agree with this analysis.
The proposed project is a classic example of bad corporate citizenship and reeks of conflict of interest (the owner of the property for the new development is on the Charlotte Hungerford hospital board). This is a cynical insider scheme to profit a few at the expense of many.
There is no question that the developer intends to make a profit. What does this mean? The rental rates to Charlotte Hungerford, the physicians and other tenants must necessarily be high enough to ensure profit. This is in contrast to the rates that the Winsted Health Center charges as a nonprofit entity dedicated only to providing health care services to area residents.
Some on the project say that rents cannot be kept low enough without the tax abatement. So what happens when the abatement expires? When rental prices increase, Charlotte Hungerford, already financially challenged, will close up shop and this region will lose access to emergency care and other medical services. All of us will have to rely on getting to Torrington (and eventually, who knows where) for life-saving and other medical services.
This will be yet another loss for Winsted and the surrounding towns.
Please attend the Barkhamsted town meeting on Wednesday, Feb. 6 at 7 p.m. and vote NO.
-- Charlene LaVoie, Community Lawyer, Winsted


text:
NEW YORK, N.Y. – The founder of an investment firm that handled the National Basketball Players Association's investments and finances has been charged with fraud.
Federal prosecutors in New York unveiled a three-count complaint Thursday against Ohio-based Prim Capital Corporation founder Joseph Lombardo.
The 72-year-old was charged with attempted wire fraud, attempted mail fraud and obstruction of justice. Prim principle Carolyn Kaufman was charged with obstructing justice.
Authorities say Lombardo used a signature stamp to forge the signature of a deceased general counsel for the NBPA and another employee that awarded Prim a $3 million fee over five years.
Authorities say the two also lied to a grand jury. Their next court date is May 2.
Both were arrested in Ohio. Messages left for an attorney and at Prim's headquarters were not immediately returned.


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BIS is the information service of the Salesians of Don Bosco in South Asia.
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text:
Copy - General Production Worker / Rebar Fabricator 1
US Northwest, 2161 E. Lanark Street, Meridian, Idaho, United States of America Req #11535
Wednesday, October 28, 2020
Bend, cut, bundle and load reinforcing steel bars in accordance with customer's orders
• Must adhere to Harris Rebar's safety programs and standards.
• Demonstrate conduct consistent with Harris Rebar's vision and values.
• Unload trailers and store material in storage bins.
• Operate a shearing machine to cut reinforcing steel bars to specific lengths.
• Operate a bending machine to bend reinforcing steel bars to specified shape.
• Operate overhead crane to move, assemble and select material to be fabricated or shipped.
• Operate Fabmatic machine that cuts and bends reinforcing steel bars to specified shapes.
• Assemble and load orders onto trailers for shipping.
• Operate power saw for cutting reinforcing steel bars to specified lengths.
• Operate a spray gun in the application of epoxy touch up or reinforcing steel bars.
• Maintain the shop or designated area in a clean and safe manner.
• Assist other employees in any of the above tasks.
• Must be legally authorized to work in the United States without company sponsorship now or in the future
• High school diploma, GED or local/state equivalent
• Must have basic math skills to be able to calculate bar measurements
• High school diploma, GED or local/state equivalent
• Due to the operating conditions of the position, this is a safety sensitive position
• Must be able to work overtime when required
• Must be able to work any shift
• Some heavy lifting may be necessary
• Working conditions can be noisy/ dusty/ hot/ cold
In exchange for your hard work and dedication, Harris Rebar offers the following benefits: Medical/Dental/Vision insurance, Short-Term Disability; Long-Term Disability; Life Insurance; Vacation Days; Holidays; 401K Match; Nucor stock purchase program;
and a Tuition Scholarship Program for dependents of employees.
Harris Rebar is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate against otherwise qualified applicants on the basis of race, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, color, religion, creed, national origin, disability, age, marital status, pregnancy, veteran status or any other basis prohibited by law. Individuals who qualify under the Americans with Disabilities Act, as Amended, may be eligible for a reasonable accommodation in Harris Rebar's selection process. A request for an accommodation will not affect your opportunity for employment with Harris Rebar. If you require an accommodation in completing our application, please notify the HR Department (508-377-1135.) Harris Rebar seeks to hire the most qualified applicant for each position.
Harris Rebar is an AA/EEO Employer - M/F/Vets/Disabled, and a drug-free workplace.
Harris Rebar is an AA/EEO Employer - M/F/Vets/Disabled, and a drug-free workplace.
Other details
- Pay Type Hourly
- Travel Required No
- Required Education High School
This posting is inactive.
- US Northwest, 2161 E. Lanark Street, Meridian, Idaho, United States of America


text:
Vernon, Vermont
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county and town page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.
Vernon is a town in Windham county, Vermont. It was formed in 1672 in Northfield Ma., though the following competing claims for its origins are Hinsdale, N.H. 1753. The probate district for Vernon is Marlboro, while the court district is Windham. For more information, contact the town at 567 Governor Hunt Rd., Vernon 05354. On the attached map, Vernon is shown as 23 in Windham county.
For information about the state of Vermont see Vermont Family History Research.


text:
Moliderm may be available in the countries listed below.
Ingredient matches for Moliderm
Fluticasone propionate (a derivative of Fluticasone) is reported as an ingredient of Moliderm in the following countries:
- India
Important Notice: The Drugs.com international database is in BETA release. This means it is still under development and may contain inaccuracies. It is not intended as a substitute for the expertise and judgement of your physician, pharmacist or other healthcare professional. It should not be construed to indicate that the use of any medication in any country is safe, appropriate or effective for you. Consult with your healthcare professional before taking any medication.
Further information
Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.


text:
I have in the past criticized Merchant Circle's marketing tactics. However, my recent interview with Chuck Bruce of Central Valley Vacuum and Sewing Center, allowed me to see them from the merchant's point of view and, for a moment anyways, allowed me to see them in a different light. I figured that if they could make Chuck happy and help him in his retail struggle, they couldn't be all bad, despite the many Merchant Circle complaints amongst search professionals. If Chuck said that they were a stand up company than who was I to proclaim otherwise. Maybe I just needed to adjust my point of view.
That attitude didn't last long. I had re-judged them too soon. They are in fact tacky marketers. They have been actively posting stealth comments in my recent In The Trenches interview.
New comment on your post #1750 "In the Trenches: the reality of SMB Marketing- Bruce's Sew Handy Interview"
Author : Local User (IP: 22.214.171.124 , mx.merchantcircle.com)
E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com
URL : http://www.merchantcircle.com/business/Bruces.Sew.Handy.559-641-7300
Whois : http://ws.arin.net/cgi-bin/whois.pl?queryinput=184.108.40.206
182 Page Views a Month from the MerchantCircle listing. Clearly generating some traffic from there.
They didn't just post once but have done so 3 times with three different identities.
My note to Merchant Circle:
You are welcome to come and discuss the issues in Local on my blog. You probably have a lot to contribute. But when you come, come as you are, don't be skulking around. I can accept warts, I have a few myself. I just can't abide you using my blog to surreptitiously promote your services.Merchant Circle has trouble getting it right by Mike Blumenthal


text:
Digital Asset Management
Are you really in control of the digital assets that you rely on and create?
Perhaps a quiz can help. Let's start with something simple: Can you find your most recent company logo?
(Don't feel bad if your answer to that is "no"--you are not alone!)
Now something a little more involved, but that impacts us all on a daily basis: Can you figure out for yourself whether your organization has an image, video, or audio file that you need, or do you have to send emails to many people and wait for responses?
(Consider the hidden, but massive, productivity costs facing large organizations.)
And now something far more complex: Do you know what digital assets you've licensed for all your products and websites and when those rights expire?
(Wait, what? Do you mean my organization is potentially at risk of licensing violations?)
Avalon Consulting, LLC will help you implement solutions to control your digital assets. Our analysts and developers will migrate your assets into a Digital Asset Management (DAM) system and work with you to develop DAM solutions tailored to your unique needs.
Silos Happen, We Can Help
Every enterprise wants to put its digital assets into a single system. But silos happen. Separate DAMs for marketing and production. DAMs for the public website and the intranet. Legacy DAMs that no one can shut down.
And don't forget metadata. There are always separate systems containing valuable information about your digital assets: contracts, order tracking and fulfillment, title and product databases, just to name a few.
Avalon provides expertise at using cutting-edge NoSQL, Semantic and Big Data technologies to combine metadata from multiple systems.
We can give you a unified view of your digital assets.
Avalon Consulting, LLC Offers
- Metadata strategies
- DAM integration and customization
- Digital Rights management
- Asset and metadata preparation and migration
- Custom DAM solutions
Contact us and ask about our complimentary DAM assessment and we'll help you assess if you really are in control of your digital assets. And how to get there if you are not.


text:
The role of the poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN) in cellular RNA metabolism
Alexandra studied biochemistry at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. As a PhD student she investigates the role of the poly(A) specific ribonuclease (PARN) in cellular RNA metabolism.
In vitro studies showed that PARN removes the poly(A) tail of mRNAs which led to the conclusion that it has a function in mRNA decay. However, a closer look at the in vivo functions showed no role in general mRNA decay. In somatic cells PARN is located in the nucleus, especially in nucleoli where it functions in the processing of H/ACA box snoRNAs. This led us to the question if PARN plays a role in RNA processing rather than in mRNA decay.
We are developing a new method that theoretically can detect newly transcribed RNAs and also their 3' ends. In the future, we plan to use this technique to identify new PARN substrates and hope to get a clearer understanding of the function of PARN.
Supervisor: Prof. Wahle
Phone: +49-(0)345 55 24949
E-mail: alexandra.sommer(at)biochemtech.uni-halle.de