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EZRA NEHEMIAH J. Vernon McGee
POST-CAPTIVITY BOOKS The post-captivity books record the return and restoration at Jerusalem after the 70-year Babylonian captivity as predicted by Jeremiah. Six books belong to this series. They are divided into 2 groups: Historical — Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther; Prophetical — Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi. Although Ezra is a continuation of the historical books begun with Joshua, the pre-captivity and captivity books could be profitably studied before beginning with Ezra. These books include all of the major and minor prophets, with the exception of the last 3 books of the Old Testament. However, we shall proceed according to the arrangement of the canon of Scripture.
EZRA WRITER: Ezra He is one character who has not received proper recognition. He was a descendant of Hilkiah kjv@Ezra:7:1), the high priest who found a copy of the law during the reign of Josiah ( kjv@2Chronicles:34:14). Ezra, as a priest, was unable to serve during the captivity, but he gave his time to a study of the Word of God — he was "a ready scribe in the law of Moses" kjv@Ezra:7:6). Ezra was a great revivalist and reformer. The revival began with the reading of the Word of God by Ezra kjv@Nehemiah:8). Also, he probably was the writer of 1 and 2 Chronicles and of kjv@Psalms:119 which exalts the Word of God. He organized the synagogue, founded the order of scribes, helped settle the canon of Scripture and arranged the Psalms. Let us pay tribute to Ezra who was the first to begin a revival of Bible study. Is this not God's program for revival? THEME: The Word of the Lord. (There are 11 direct references — kjv@1:1; 3:2; 6:14,18; 7:6,10, 14, 26; kjv@9:4; 10:3-5.) The place of the Word of God in the total life of His people — religious, social, business, and political. KEY PHRASE: "Trembled at the words of the God of Israel" kjv@Ezra:9:4; also see 10:3). "We already have seen that the Babylonian captivity did not bring the Jews to national repentance, and so lead to national restoration. As the reading of Ezra will disclose, when Cyrus, king of Persia, gave permission to the captives to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the Temple, scarcely 50,000 availed themselves of the privilege, a considerable portion of whom were priests and Levites of the humbler and poorer class." — Dr. James M. Gray
OUTLINE: I. RETURN from BABYLON LED by ZERUBBABEL, Chapters 1 — 6 (About 50,000 returned) A. Restoration of temple by decree of Cyrus, Chapter 1 B. Return under Zerubbabel, Chapter 2 C. Rebuilding of temple, Chapter 3 D. Retardation of rebuilding of temple by opposition, Chapter 4 (Decree of Artaxerxes) E. Renewal of rebuilding of temple, Chapters 5, 6 (Decree of Darius) II. RETURN from BABYLON LED by EZRA, Chapters 7 — 10 (About 2,000 returned) A. Return under Ezra, Chapters 7, 8 B. Reformation under Ezra, Chapters 9, 10 1. Prayer of Ezra, Chapter 9 2. Separation from heathen is demanded and maintained, Chapter 10 The Books of Haggai and Zechariah kjv@Ezra:5:1) should be read and studied with the Book of Ezra, for all 3 were written in the shadow of the rebuilt temple and were given to encourage the people in building. COMMENT: I. RETURN from BABYLON LED by ZERUBBABEL, Chapters 1 — 6 (About 50,000 returned) A. Restoration of temple by decree of Cyrus, Chapter 1 5:1 — "Cyrus, king of Persia" was one of the most enlightened rulers of the ancient world. He was a subject of predictive prophecy. He was named before he was born — almost 200 years before he became king of Persia.
Who saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure; even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid. kjv@Isaiah:44:28) Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have held, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two-leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut. kjv@Isaiah:45:1) He is a type of Christ. Daniel was in the court of Cyrus and evidently led him to a knowledge of the living and true God. It was during the reign of Cyrus that Daniel gave some of his greatest prophecies, including the 70-weeks prophecy concerning Israel. The decree of Cyrus is not the point where the 70 weeks (which pertain to Israel) begin, as they were not yet returned to the land (see notes on Nehemiah). vv. 2-4 — "The LORD God of heaven" is a designation of God which is peculiar to Ezra, Nehemiah and Daniel. You see, after the fall and destruction of Jerusalem, God could no longer be identified with the temple as the One who dwelt between the cherubim. The glory had departed; "Ichabod" was written over the escutcheon of Israel. Ezekiel saw the vision of the departure of the Shekinah glory (see kjv@Ezekiel:9 — 11). He returned to heaven. For this reason, in the post-captivity books He is "the LORD God of heaven." Cyrus gave permission to the Jews to: (1) return to the land, (2) rebuild the city of Jerusalem, and (3) rebuild the temple. vv. 5, 6 — Very few avail themselves of this opportunity (see kjv@Ezra:2:64-65). Most of the captives are now settled and satisfied in Babylon. They still their consciences by giving generously to those who do return.
vv. 7-11 — The generosity of Cyrus should be noted. He returns the vessels of gold taken from the temple by Nebuchadnezzar. B. Return under Zerubbabel, Chapter 2 vv. 1-35 — Particular attention is given to the leadership of those who return. vv. 36-39 — These are the priests who return. The total kjv@Isaiah:4,289. vv. 40-54 — These are the Levites who return. The total kjv@Isaiah:341. The contrast in number with the priests reveals that the Levites, for the most part, remain in Babylon. vv. 55-60 — These are listed as the children of Solomon's servants. His servants were then from all of the 12 tribes (see kjv@1Samuel:8:11-16). Obviously, some from all 12 tribes return, but very few from any one tribe return. vv. 61-63 — Some cannot give a clear declaration as to their genealogy. Failure to give a clear title excludes them from the priesthood. This section reveals the value and particular emphasis placed upon the genealogies. This lends importance to the accuracy of the genealogy that opens the New Testament in the Gospel of Matthew which was never challenged by the enemies of Christ at the beginning. They questioned His birth and His resurrection but never His genealogy. The New Testament stands or falls upon the accuracy of it and reveals that He is the only One to fulfill the prophecies of the Old Testament in reference to David and his kingdom. vv. 64, 65 — Total number who return at this time under Zerubbabel: Total congregation.............................................42-360 Servants and maids..............................................7,337 Singers, both male and female...............................200 Grand total ..........................49,897
vv. 66-70 — They bring the stock and chattels with them and give generously to rebuild the temple. C. Rebuilding of temple, Chapter 3 5:2 — They not only return to the land but also to "the law of Moses." vv. 3-6 — Sacrifices and feast days are restored. vv. 7-9 — Preparation is made for rebuilding the temple. vv. 10-13 — The foundation is laid with mingled songs of praise and tears of mourning (see notes on Haggai for the explanation of this seemingly contradictory reaction to the rebuilding of the temple). D. Retardation of rebuilding of temple by opposition, Chapter 4 vv. 1, 2 — The enemies' first effort at disrupting the rebuilding of the temple is to offer to become allies. 5:3 — This is absolutely rejected. vv. 4, 5 — In the second effort to hinder the work, the enemy seeks to disrupt the building by various means. vv. 6-10 — The third effort to stop the rebuilding of the temple is a letter sent by the enemy to Artaxerxes with false accusations. vv. 11-16 — The contents of the letter are given (note their estimation of Jerusalem [v. 12] in contrast to God's in kjv@Psalms:87). vv. 17-24 — The enemy succeeds in sending a letter to Artaxerxes, and he shoots back a reply that the work is to cease. The suspension of work continues until the time of Darius, king of Persia. E. Renewal of rebuilding of temple, Chapters 5, 6
Chapter 5 vv. 1-6 — Haggai and Zechariah encourage the people to resume rebuilding of the temple. When the leaders are challenged, they appeal to Darius. vv. 7-17 — Darius grants permission to resume the rebuilding of the temple. Chapter 6 vv. 1-12 — Darius issues a decree which confirms the original decree of Cyrus. vv. 13-15 — The temple is rebuilt under the inspiration of Haggai and Zechariah. God is identified here as the God of Israel (not Judah). This means there were some from all tribes in Jerusalem at this time. 5:16 — Those who returned are likewise identified here as "the children of Israel." 5:17 — The language here is more explicit: "all Israel." 5:18 — The emphasis again is upon the Word of God (see also 5:14). vv. 19-22 — The Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread are observed again. II. RETURN from BABYLON LED by EZRA, Chapters 7 — 10 (About 2,000 returned) A. Return under Ezra, Chapters 7, 8 Chapter 7 5:1 — Artaxerxes is the same ruler mentioned in kjv@Nehemiah:2:1 (see notes on Nehemiah). vv. 2-5 — Ezra is descended from the line of Aaron. 5:6 — Ezra is a student of the Mosaic Law.
v. 7 — This is during the 7th year of the reign of Artaxerxes. Nehemiah comes later in the 20th year of the reign of Artaxerxes. 5:10 — This is the 6th reference to the law of the Lord or Word of God. Ezra prepared himself to teach the Word of God. 5:14 — The 7th reference to law of God. 5:26 — The 8th reference to law of God. vv. 27, 28 — Ezra expresses gratitude to God and to Artaxerxes for his gifts, generosity and goodness. Chapter 8 vv. 1-14 — The roll call of those who return with Ezra: 1,496 males are listed. vv. 15-19 — Twenty priests are added to the list. 5:20 — Two hundred and twenty Nethinims, who served the Levites, return. A total of 1,736 go with kjv@Ezra:5:21 — Ezra proclaims a fast and prayer meeting that they might ask God for journeying mercies. 5:22 — Ezra confesses he was ashamed to ask the king for a guard inasmuch as he had boasted to the king that God would lead them up to Jerusalem. 5:23 — God hears and grants their petition. Ezra the priest makes the journey without a guard. Later, Nehemiah has ample protection when he makes the trip to Jerusalem. vv. 24-30 — The valuables are entrusted into the hands of priests. vv. 31-34 — Ezra makes a safe journey to Jerusalem and the valuables are delivered.
v. 35 — Burnt offerings and sin offerings are made by those who return. 5:36 — Ezra presents his credentials from the king to the king's officials. B. Reformation under Ezra, Chapters 9, 10 1. Prayer of Ezra, Chapter 9 One of the great prayers of the Bible. Compare it with kjv@Nehemiah:1:4-11 and kjv@Daniel:9. vv. 1, 2 — The sad plight of the people is reported to Ezra. Intermarriage (with the surrounding heathen and enemies of God and Israel) leads to a practice of the abomination of the heathen. The lack of separation plunges them into immorality and idolatry. The returned remnant is in a sad, sordid and squalid condition. 5:3 — Ezra is emotionally involved — he fasts and even plucks the hair out of his head and beard. 5:4 — The 9th reference to the Word of God. Many who believe the Word of God join Ezra in mourning. vv. 5-15 — Ezra confesses the sins of the people and identifies himself with his people. Note occurrences of the first personal pronoun plural "we" and "our." He recognizes the grace of God and pleads with God. 2. Separation from heathen is demanded and maintained, Chapter 10 5:3 — The 10th reference to the Word of God. Ezra not only reads, studies, and reverences the Word of God, but he also practices it. 5:5 — The 11th reference to the Word of God. 5:6 — Ezra continues to mourn for his people.
vv. 7-19 — The remnant that has returned assemble at Jerusalem and pledge to put away their foreign wives. vv. 20-43 — This is the roll call of those who did. 5:44 — This works a great hardship upon many, for they have children by these women. This is an example of the high cost of sin.
NEHEMIAH (Ezra and Nehemiah are one book in the Hebrew canon.) WRITER: Perhaps Ezra Nehemiah was a layman; Ezra was a priest. In the Book of Ezra, the emphasis is upon the rebuilding of the temple; in the Book of Nehemiah, the emphasis is upon the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem. In Ezra, we have the religious aspect of the return; in Nehemiah, we have the political aspect of the return. Ezra is a fine representative of the priest and scribe; Nehemiah is a noble representative of the businessman. Nehemiah had an important office at the court of the powerful Persian king, Artaxerxes, but his heart was with God's people and God's program in Jerusalem. The personal note is the main characteristic of the book. DATE: Chronologically, this is the last of the historical books. We have come to the end of the line as far as time is concerned. The Old Testament goes no further. The Book of Ezra picks up the thread of the story about 70 years after 2 Chronicles. The 70-year captivity is over and a remnant returns to the land of Israel. The return under Ezra takes place about 50 years after Zerubbabel. Nehemiah returns about 15 years after Ezra. These figures are approximate and are given to show the stages in the history of Israel after the captivity. This enables one to see how the "70 weeks" of Daniel fit into the picture in a normal and reasonable way. The "70 weeks" of Daniel begin with the Book of Nehemiah (not with Ezra) "from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem unto the Messiah, the Prince, shall be seven weeks, and threescore and two weeks…." The background of the events of Nehemiah is "…the street shall be built again, and the wall, even in troublous times" kjv@Daniel:9:25). Note: The following dates, suggested by Sir Robert Anderson, seem to be a satisfactory solution to the problem of the "70 weeks" of Daniel: Decree of Cyrus, 536 B.C. — kjv@Ezra:1:1-4 Decree of Artaxerxes, 445 B.C. (20th year of his reign) — kjv@Nehemiah:2:1-8
The "70 weeks" begin. The first "7 weeks" end, 397 B.C. — Malachi. (For details see Sir Robert Anderson's The Coming Prince.) KEY WORD: "So" occurs 32 times. It denotes a man of action and few words. Mark this word in your Bible and notice how this ordinarily unimportant word stands out in this book. KEY VERSES: And it came to pass when I heard these words, that I sat down and wept, and mourned certain days, and fasted, and prayed before the God of heaven. kjv@Nehemiah:1:4) And I sent messengers unto them, saying, I am doing a great work, so that I cannot come down. Why should the work cease, while I leave it, and come down to you? kjv@Nehemiah:6:3) OUTLINE: I. REBUILDING the WALLS, Chapters 1 — 7 A. Nehemiah's prayer for remnant at Jerusalem, Chapter 1 B. Nehemiah's request of the king, return to Jerusalem, and review of ruins of Jerusalem, Chapter 2:1-16 C. Nehemiah's encouragement to rebuild the walls, Chapter 2:17-20 D. Rebuilding the walls and gates, Chapter 3 E. Nehemiah's response to opposition, Chapters 4 — 6 Wall completed, 6:15 F. Nehemiah's register of people, Chapter 7 (Only 42-360 people, 7,337 servants, and 245 singers returned. Compare this with the fact that Judah alone had 470,000 warriors [ kjv@1Chronicles:21:5].)
II. REVIVAL and REFORM, Chapters 8 — 13 A. Great Bible reading led by Ezra, Chapter 8 B. Revival — the result, Chapters 9, 10 C. Reform — another result, Chapters 11 — 13 THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY: God's chosen people were called to witness against idolatry, but too often they themselves succumed and became idolaters. God sent them to Babylon, the fountainhead of idolatry, to take the gold cure. They returned repudiating idolatry. Their restoration as an independant nation was incomplete. They were not free from this time on to the time of the Roman Empire. The New Testament opens with them under the rule of Rome. COMMENT: This book reveals what God can do through a layman who has a heart for the things of God. I. REBUILDING the WALLS, Chapters 1 — 7 A. Nehemiah's prayer for remnant at Jerusalem, Chapter 1 5:1 — The use of the first person pronoun gives the impression that Nehemiah was the writer. If Ezra was the writer, he was copying from the journal of Nehemiah. This book, as was true in the Book of Ezra, has copies of letters, decrees, registers and other documents. The same man wrote both books — Ezra and Nehemiah are one book in the Hebrew canon. vv. 2-4 — Visitors from Jerusalem come to the palace, and Nehemiah makes inquiry of them about Jerusalem and the condition of the remnant that had returned. When he learns the sad plight of the people and that the walls and gates of Jerusalem are still in shambles, Nehemiah sits down and weeps, mourns and fasts. Then he prays before the God of heaven (see note on kjv@Ezra:1:2 about the term "God of heaven").
vv. 5-11 — This is the record of Nehemiah's prayer. "Terrible God" (v. 5 KJV) is "reverend God." "Reverend" should never be used in addressing a pastor or ordained preacher. It should be applied only to God. Someone has expressed it this way: Call me Mister, call me friend, A loving ear to all I lend, But do not my soul with anguish rend, PLEASE stop calling me "Reverend." Nehemiah pleads with God and confesses his sins and those of his people (vv. 6, 7). He reminds God of His promises (vv. 8, 9). Nehemiah casts himself upon the mercy and goodness of God (vv. 10, 11). "This man" refers to King Artaxerxes. B. Nehemiah's request of the king, return to Jerusalem, and review of ruins of Jerusalem, Chapter 2:1-16 vv. 1-3 — Nehemiah, the cupbearer of Artaxerxes, appears sad before the king — which evidently is unusual, as the king calls attention to it. Nehemiah explains that it is because of news from Jerusalem. 5:4 — The king gives him opportunity to make a request. Here begins the use of the little word "so" that occurs again and again. 5:5 — Nehemiah asks for a leave of absence that he might go to Jerusalem to rebuild the walls. 5:6 — The queen evidently supports Nehemiah in his request, and the king grants it. vv. 7-9 — Nehemiah makes further request for material assistance and protection, as a government official, along the route. An honor guard from the king accompanies Nehemiah. 5:10 — The 3 leading enemies of Israel are grieved that Nehemiah has come to help his people.
vv. 11-16 — Nehemiah comes to Jerusalem, immediately makes a secret inspection of the damage, and estimates the extent of the job. C. Nehemiah's encouragement to rebuild the walls, Chapter 2:17-20 vv. 17, 18 — Then Nehemiah calls together the leaders of Israel and reveals his plan to rebuild the walls and gates of Jerusalem. The people are encouraged to begin the undertaking. 5:19 — The 3 enemies use the weapon of ridicule to deter the people from attempting the Herculean project of rebuilding the walls and gates. 5:20 — Nehemiah's answer is brief. He would look to God and not to them. D. Rebuilding the walls and gates, Chapter 3 This chapter is filled with great spiritual lessons (see author's booklet, "The Gospel in the Gates of Jerusalem"). E. Nehemiah's response to opposition, Chapters 4 — 6 Chapter 4 vv. 1-3 — As the work progresses, the enemy continues to use the weapon of ridicule. They make light of the zeal of the workmen and laugh at their workmanship, saying that even a nimble fox could knock down the wall. vv. 4-6 — Nehemiah ignores their sarcasm and prays to God, but continues to build. vv. 7-9 — When the enemy sees that the wall is going up in spite of their ridicule, they become angry and decide to try to destroy the wall. Nehemiah continues to pray and build. 5:10 — Opposition comes next from within their own ranks — discouragement in the presence of the huge undertaking and the threat of the enemy making a surprise attack. Nehemiah arms the workmen.
v. 17 — They work with one hand and hold a weapon with the other. 5:23 — Nehemiah injects a humorous note by adding that they did not take off their clothes during this trying experience — except, of course, when they took a bath! Chapter 5 — Opposition again rises from within their own ranks. vv. 1-5 — Some of their own brethren take advantage of the hard lot of others and give "help" by taking mortgages at excessive interest and also by buying their sons and daughters into slavery. This display of covetousness is the same as the idolatry which sent them into captivity. vv. 6-11 — Nehemiah is very angry when this is called to his attention, and he forces these greedy brethren to restore what they had taken. 5:12 — The brethren take an oath that they will restore what they had taken. 5:13 — Nehemiah threatens to deal with them severely if they do not carry through with their agreement. vv. 14-19 — Nehemiah, on a leave of absence from his position as cupbearer for King Artaxerxes, had refused to accept the salary formerly paid to the governor of Israel, which came from taxing the people. His example should have been an inspiration and example to his brethren. Chapter 6 — In spite of crafty opposition, the wall is finished. vv. 1-3 — The enemies (Sanballat, Tobiah and Geshem) hear that the wall is completed, but Nehemiah honestly admits the report is a bit exaggerated (the gates are not set up). The enemy reverses the opposition. Since they could not stop the work, they now propose to get together with Nehemiah and work out
a compromise. However, their intention is not to promote the welfare of Nehemiah. This is the satanic method of "when you can't beat them, join them." Today it is called the ecumenical movement. Nehemiah properly turns it down and for the 14th time inserts the little word "so" that tells us much. 5:4 — The enemy approaches kjv@Nehemiah:4 times. It is interesting to note (v. 2) the name of the village where they proposed to meet — Ono. That is Nehemiah's answer, "O, no!" vv. 5-7 — On the 5th approach to Nehemiah, they insert a subtle pressure to force him to meet with them. They circulate a false report that Nehemiah is attempting to rebel against Persia and set up a separate state. Gashmu (the gossip) is spreading the report (v. 6). 5:8 — Nehemiah politely calls them liars. vv. 9-14 — The enemy then hires false prophets to make Nehemiah and the people afraid. vv. 15-19 — Without fanfare of trumpets, great ceremony or ribbon cutting, the wall is finished. The brief, expressive word "so" tells the story — "So the wall was finished" (v. 15). The enemy still persists in its opposition by circulating letters to the nobles of Judah, as Tobiah had evidently married a daughter of one of the nobles. F. Nehemiah's register of people, Chapter 7 vv. 1-4 — Nehemiah, having finished the wall, gives Hanani and Hananiah charge of Jerusalem. He instructs them to keep the gates closed at certain times to prevent the enemy from entering. "Eternal vigilance" is the price of Christian liberty. vv. 5-73 — This is a repetition of the genealogy given in kjv@Ezra:2. Unnecessary though this may seem to us, it is repeated because it is important to God and He challenges us to read it. "The righteous shall be in everlasting remembrance" kjv@Psalms:112:6). God never forgets the faithful. This chapter comes from the book of eternity.
II. REVIVAL and REFORM, Chapters 8 — 13 A. Great Bible reading led by Ezra, Chapter 8 Bible reading is essential to revival. vv. 1-6 — Ezra stands upon a pulpit of wood before the water gate. (The Word of God is spiritual water.) Ezra reads in the Law of Moses from morning until noon. vv. 7, 8 — Ezra evidently reads a portion and then the Levites, scattered in the crowd, explain it to the people. (Note: The method used here is still God's method. The Word is to be read distinctly and explained so that the people can understand it.) vv. 9-12 — Many people are overcome with emotion as they had never before heard the Word of God. They weep. Nehemiah urges the people not to weep but to rejoice. Here is the source of Christian strength, "for the joy of the LORD is your strength" (8:10). See also kjv@Philippians:4:13. 5:13 — Ezra instructs the teachers (Levites) in the law. vv. 14-18 — The Feast of Tabernacles is observed. B. Revival — the result, Chapters 9, 10 Chapter 9 vv. 1-3 — The ingredients and order of revival are important. Reading the Word of God (studying and understanding it) is essential and basic. Fasting, sackcloth, and ashes reveal their attitude and sincerity. Confession and worship follow. vv. 4-38 — This is a great prayer of confession — praise and adoration of God as Creator (vv. 5, 6); praise and adoration because of His providential dealings with Israel; recitation and reminder of their long history. (Stephen recited this same history in kjv@Acts:7, but it led to murder, not to revival; to his condemnation, not to their confession.) Note the confession of their sins (vv. 34-38).
Chapter 10 — The people make and sign a covenant to serve God. C. Reform — another result, Chapters 11 — 13 Chapter 11 — The rulers cast lots to see who is to dwell in Jerusalem and who is to live elsewhere in the land. Chapter 12 vv. 1-42 — Roster of priests and Levites who had returned with Zerubbabel. vv. 43-47 — Restoration of sacrifices and temple worship. (Notice the joy of the people.) Chapter 13 — Nehemiah, who had returned to Persia, comes again to Jerusalem and institutes reforms. vv. 1-5 — The reading of the law leads to separation. vv. 6-9 — Nehemiah puts Tobiah out of the apartment he had been given in the temple. vv. 10-14 — The Levites had not been paid. Nehemiah forces the rulers to see that the Levites receive their portion. vv. 15-22 — The Sabbath day is observed. Men of Tyre bring fish to sell in Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. Nehemiah forces them to leave and orders the gates of Jerusalem to be closed on the Sabbath. vv. 23-31 — Intermarriage among the heathen is still practiced. Nehemiah uses extreme means (v. 25) to force them not to intermarry. (Verse 28 would be humorous if it were not so serious.) Note the humility and dedication of Nehemiah in his desire to please and to serve God (vv. 14, 31).
RECOMMENDED BOOKS Barber, Cyril J. Nehemiah: The Dynamics of Effective Leadership. Neptune, New Jersey: Loizeaux Brothers, 1976. Campbell, Donald K. Nehemiah: Man in Charge. Wheaton, Illinois: Victor Books, 1979. Darby, J. N. Synopsis of the Books of the Bible. Addison, Illinois: Bible Truth Publishers, n.d. Dennett, Edward. Ezra and Nehemiah. Addison, Illinois: Bible Truth Publishers, n.d. Gaebelein, Arno C. The Annotated Bible. Neptune, New Jersey: Loizeaux Brothers, 1917. Getz, Gene A. Nehemiah: A Man of Prayer and Persistence. Ventura, California: Regal Books, 1981. (Character studies on Abraham, Moses, Joshua, and David have also been published. Excellent for individual or group study.) Gray, James M. Synthetic Bible Studies. Old Tappan, New Jersey: Fleming H. Revell Co., 1906. Ironside, H. A. Notes on the Book of Ezra. Neptune, New Jersey: Loizeaux Brothers, n.d. Ironside, H. A. Notes on the Book of Nehemiah. Neptune, New Jersey: Loizeaux Brothers, 1925. Jensen, Irving L. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther: A Self-Study Guide. Chicago, Illinois: Moody Press, 1970. Kelly, William. Lectures on Ezra and Nehemiah. Addison, Illinois: Bible Truth Publishers, n.d. Luck, G. Coleman. Ezra and Nehemiah. Chicago, Illinois: Moody Press, 1961. Sauer, Erich. The Dawn of World Redemption. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1951. (An excellent Old Testament survey.) Scroggie, W. Graham. The Unfolding Drama of Redemption. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1970. (An excellent survey and outline of the Old Testament.) Seume, Richard H. Nehemiah: God's Builder. Chicago, Illinois: Moody Press, 1978.
Unger, Merrill F. Unger's Bible Handbook. Chicago, Illinois: Moody Press, 1966. (A concise commentary on the entire Bible.) Unger, Merrill F. Unger's Commentary on the Old Testament. Chicago, Illinois: Moody Press, 1981. (Volume 1 covers Genesis through Song of Solomon with a fine summary of each paragraph. Highly recommended.)
These notes, prepared by J. Vernon McGee, are for the purpose of giving assistance to the listeners of the THRU THE BIBLE RADIO program. They are to be used with the Bible and will be more meaningful as you look up all the Scripture references. Due to the necessary brevity of both notes and broadcasts, a list of recommended books is included for those wanting a more detailed study. These books may be obtained from a Christian library or bookstore or ordered from the publishers.
SAMPLE SUMMARY FOR EACH CHAPTER (for your personal study)
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2. Most important verse —
3. Most prominent word —
4. Teaching about Christ —
5. Command to obey —
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The report delivers key statistics on the market status of the top market players and then highlights opportunities, chanceful, and risk analysis. Opportunities are given for new competitors as well as other established players for tremendous growth in the global market. It serves detailed market segmentation by connection type, lighting source, end-user, and geography.
Furthermore, the next section embraces consumption analysis, major downstream customers' analysis, industry chain analysis, raw material and suppliers, equipment suppliers, manufacturing cost structure, and manufacturing plants distribution analysis. Next section covers the segmentation, most prominent market, maximum revenue, manufacture analysis, market share, market size, market forecast trends, market sales, production, supply, demand, and so on.
ACCESS FULL REPORT: https://www.mrinsights.biz/report/global-wind-turbine-rotor-blade-market-2018-by-147628.html
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
It's still going to take some practice to be able to read the time at a glance, but Mr. Jones' new Satellite watch doesn't look as complicated as Tokyo Flash's latest efforts. And astronomy enthusiasts will appreciate its use of hour and minute markers that look like orbiting celestial bodies.
Instead of an LCD display or even numbers, the $195 Satellite's black watch face simply has a pair of spheres that reveal a series of colored dots as they orbit around its center. The colors follow a six hour pattern so eventually you'll be able to accurately estimate the time with a quick peek. But since the watch represents an entire 24 hours, it might be hard for some wearers to get used to the six o'clock mark actually denoting midnight.


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Australian wine industry slams New Zealand's sauvignon blanc
THE Australian wine industry has hit out at New Zealand's sauvignon blanc, with one Aussie wine-maker labelling popular Kiwi sav "the McDonald's of wines".
Wine Australia last month called for Aussie wine drinkers to "ditch that Sav Blanc from across the Tasman in favour of a top local drop" for Australia Day, while a Sydney Morning Herald article over the weekend featured several winemakers rallying against New Zealand's hugely popular product.
James Agnew, who has a family-run vineyard in NSW's Hunter Valley and is the former chair of the NSW Wine Strategy, told the paper New Zealand's savs are "the McDonald's of wines".
"You can go all over the world but a Big Mac is still a Big Mac," he said.
Sampling a glass of Australia's top selling white wine, an Oyster Bay sauvignon blanc, Hunter Valley wine-maker Bruce Tyrrell told SMH's Rick Feneley it tasted of "passionfruit ... body odour ... cat's pee ... lantana".
Stuart Gregor, from Liquid Ideas PR agency, used to promote Marlborough's Montana and Stoneleigh wines, but now describes Kiwi sav as a "one trick pony", while others in the Australian wine industry interviewed by the SMH labelled New Zealand's savs as "one-dimensional" and "generic".
Their comments, however, may just be sour grapes.
In 2009, New Zealand sauvignon blanc overtook chardonnay as the top selling white wine in Australia, with Kiwi sav now accounting for 39 percent of the white wine sold across the Tasman.
Of the 20 top-selling sauvignon blancs, 17 are from New Zealand, while only three are Australian.
To counter the Kiwi invasion, Wine Australia last year launched Aussie Wine Month, urging Australians to opt for local brands for the month of April.
New Zealand Wine chief executive Philip Gregan is confident Australians will continue to enjoy Kiwi savs.
"New Zealand sauvignon blanc has been incredibly successful over the past two decades. It's been successful because it is very good and it is very distinctive."
Mr Gregan said the negative comments from within the Australian wine industry in the SMH article were "unfortunate".
"That's not the response that we have from most people in the trade in Australia, consumers in Australia and anywhere else. The wine is appreciated for what it is, and it is very, very good," he said.
"I don't know what motivates people - perhaps it is commercial jealousy, I don't know."
Mr Gregan believed demand would continue to grow, not just in Australia, but in newer markets such as China and parts of continental Europe.
"Demand for New Zealand sauvignon blanc continues to grow around the world, that's the reality of the situation," he said.
"We haven't seen anything to indicate that the love affair with Marlborough sauvignon blanc is declining in any way."


text:
41.0610 Arrest-Detention-Release.
(a) Pending a determination of any person's deportability, the Attorney General may order his arrest and detention.
(b) Any person taken into custody may, in the discretion of the Attorney General, pending a final determination of deportability:
(1) be continued in custody;
(2) be released under a bond for an amount not less than the cost of one-way transportation to the country, from where he came plus $100, with security approved by the Attorney General, and containing such conditions as the Attorney General may prescribe;
(3) be released on conditional parole.History: 1984, PL 18-52 § 2.


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Torontolimo.ca is an amazing and luxurious limo service company that has been helping clients with all of their limo needs. From a limo for an airport drop-off to an amazing night out at your wedding. We are the best in the business because we care and take the extra effort to help you as much as we can. TorontoLimo.ca will transport all customers to their desired locations in perfect style. We ensure that all our limousine passengers get the fullest expectations and quality that they need and deserve.
We offer a wide selection of limousines consisting of a 4 passenger Lincoln to a 35 passenger limousine bus. Our clients are to be satisfied and treated with full respect and luxury because that's our motto to a successful limousine company. We offer you a friendly and comfortable service at all times because that is what we do to make sure you are satisfied with our service.
Torontolimo.ca is a reliable company that has been in business for many years and we know what to expect from ever client and that's questions, questions are highly expected, especially from our first time customers, that's why we are prepared to answer any questions you have about our fleet, the booking or just the company and website in general.
Toronto limo service packages consist of limousines for weddings, casino trips, corporate events, banquets, birthdays, proms, anniversaries, bachelor / bachelorette parties, night outs and theatres, airport limo services, train stations, concerts, sporting events, sweet 16 limo services, custom limousine services and Buffalo sports trips.
Torontolimo.ca is the best way to travel in full style and be treated in luxury for all of your occasions, such as proms, weddings, concerts, nightclubs, birthdays, anniversaries, and the theatre or for when you need to travel in a timely relaxed fashion for corporate meetings, corporate event limos, galas and the airport Limos. No matter how big or small your group is, we always try our best to exceed your expectations for your perfect night out to be the way you imagined it.
Our luxury Corporate Limo car rentals are sure to exceed your needs and give you the quality and luxury you need. Whatever the size of your wedding party, prom party or corporate event party may be, Toronto Limo will be sure to exceed your expectations. The Lincoln Stretch Limo for example seats 10 passengers, includes flat screen TVs, a surround sound system, fiber optic and strobe lighting, a mirrored fiber optic ceiling, a bar with built in ice chests and static laser lights.
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Our luxury limo service is sure to make the perfect first impression for executive clients. Whatever the size of your party may be, Toronto Limo will be sure to exceed your expectations.
Our mission at Toronto Limo is to put our extraordinary fleet and personalized chauffeur services at your fingertips. Each and every member of our team is devoted to presenting you or your clients with an immaculately clean, livery style of limousine that is well maintained and fully air conditioned such as the late-model Lincoln Town Car, SUV or Stretch Limousine, equipped with complimentary In-Car Wi-Fi, XM Satellite Radio, Navigation System and much more. Our professional chauffeurs understand the true meaning of Hospitality and proud in providing the utmost personalized limousine and chauffeur services in the Greater Toronto Area.
We Accept all Major Credit Cards
Let us know if there is anything esle we can offer you limo services in Toronto, for example, a special first date. We have the special limousine in Toronto ready to make your day memorable and irresistible!
We provide professional transportation services in a well maintained, larger capacity luxury vehicles, designed for comfort and luxury. Our focus is to maintain a courteous and enjoyable experience for our clientele.
Our experienced staff is driver certified and professional in manner and attire. All of our vehicles are equipped with the latest in audio and video equipment.
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GTA Airports Limousine
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Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport ( Porter Airlines )
Air Canada Express Jazz
Buffalo Niagara International Airport
Offering Airport Limousine services to all the Toronto city airports such as Toronto Internation Airport (Pearson Airport) as well as the Toronto Island Airport.
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If you need a limo rental there is no better company than Toronto Limo. Our prices cater to your budget, the chauffeurs are friendly and knowledgeable, the fleet selection is extensive, and the value is unbeatable.
Whether you are looking for the right limo fleet for your Toronto wedding, airport limo service to and from the Toronto airport, we offer you Lincoln Black Limos, Sedan Stretched Limo, Lincoln Navigator limos along with Suburban SUVs.
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- Airport Pick-up and Drop-off
- Special Events
- Bachelor / Bachelorette Parties
- Custom limo service
We Service all Southern Ontario Airports. Ride in Style and Comfort... Be Safe... And Arrive on Time.


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Miracle Twin Drive-In
6383 East Court Street North,
2 people favorited this theater
This large twin drive-in has a capacity for 1,000 cars for two screens. It still had some of the traditional speakers but primarily FM sound. It screened double fetures seasonally April thru September. Admission 12 and up is $6.00 and 5-11 is $2.50, under 5 were free.
National Amusements closed the Miracle Drive-In at the end of the 2008 season. It was demolished in March 2012.
Recent comments (view all 25 comments)
maybe the owner of the ford Wyoming drive in will buy it. after all he tried to buy the Mt.Clemens drive in but the sons wanted too much money.
Both sides of the drive-in's roadside sign are now completely boarded up with the boards whitewashed. The large expressway sign still looks the same as does the rest of the drive-in.
Rumor has it that National Amusement has leased their two theaters in Michigan (and 30 in the US) to a Texas based Theater company. They are looking at the possibility of reopening the Miracle Twin Drive In, which can be fully operational with some minor work since all the equipment is still in place.
Here is another marquee photo:
NIce shot of the marquees ken mc.
The above real estate listing shows that the listed price for this former drive-in has been reduced to $1.6 million.
@lexmarks567: The two remaining NA indoor multiplexes they were still operating in Michigan were sold to Rave Motion Pictures. A former NA cinema they were leasing in Courtland Center in Burton was reopened by Owosso-based NCG Cinemas. The former Showcase Cinemas East is also listed for sale and the former Cinema 10 which they leased in Flint Township is boarded up.
The drive-in is being torn down. See the new photo.
The ticket booths are now gone and the debris from demolition have been removed. The speaker poles, screen towers, asphalt field and signs remain.
"Why was it called Miracle Drive-in?" It might take a miracle to save and reopen this dtive-in!!
Just login to your account and subscribe to this theater


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By next year, annual sales of smartphones that support HTML5 should hit 1 billion worldwide, says the research firm Strategy Analytics. Even today, there's a healthy installed base of HTML5 phones: at least 336 million, based on 2011 sales.
By Tim Kridel
By next year, annual sales of smartphones that support HTML5 should hit 1 billion worldwide, says the research firm Strategy Analytics. Even today, there's a healthy installed base of HTML5 phones: at least 336 million, based on 2011 sales.
That market momentum is one reason why HTML5 skills are increasingly important. We recently spoke with Mike Richmond, a technologist in Intel's Open Source Technology Center who focuses on HTML5, about what to keep in mind when working with the language. [Disclosure: Intel is the sponsor of this content.]
Why should mobile app developers begin mastering HTML5 if they aren't already proficient? Does HTML5 enable them to develop app features that they otherwise couldn't, or target certain segments such as browser-based Web apps?
Mike Richmond:
Applications developed in HTML5 are easier to move between target environments. And because HTML5 and CSS are so visual, it can be much easier to do user interfaces that are scalable between platforms rather than doing the same UI in native code. Web apps can also be delivered outside of an application store.
Besides iOS 5.1, what other mobile OS's support HTML5?
Virtually all of them, to some degree or another. Developers can use sites like HTML5Test.com or ringmark to determine which platforms support which features.
What are HTML5's current drawbacks when it comes to mobile app development? And will those drawbacks disappear eventually?
The spec's not done, and implementations are uneven. The sites I mentioned are a big help. Use of products like PhoneGap and jQuery also help smooth out the differences. Facebook organized the W3C Mobile Web Platform Core Community Group to accelerate the testing process. Improvements are coming rapidly.
What are some pitfalls that developers should be aware of when using HTML5?
Don't throw out your Kernighan and Ritchie book on C just yet. While JavaScript performance has increased two orders of magnitude in the last five years, it's still not as fast as compiled C code. And JavaScript can be viewed in the clear on the client. So if you have some proprietary physics algorithm, you may want to keep it in C for performance of IP protection.
Also, you may want your app in a store for business reasons, and neither iOS nor Android support Web apps in their stores. PhoneGap is actually a solution that addresses all three of these concerns. It lets you combine native code and HTML5/JS/CSS, and the result is packaged as a native app.
Do some mobile OS's and device vendors implement HTML5 differently from others? If so, what kinds of challenges does that fragmentation create for developers, and how can they work around that?
The specs are pretty well-written, so it's not so much a question of fragmentation as it is the fact that not every spec is done, nor is every spec implemented. But the pressure to get there is intense. Website developers have been successfully dealing with this for years. No matter how hard it seems, it's easier than moving from Objective-C on iOS to Dalvik on Android.
Tim Kridel has been covering all things tech and telecom since 1998 for a variety of publications and analyst firms. Based in Columbia, Mo., he still enjoys the childhood hobby that led to a career writing about technology: ham radio. He is a frequent contributor to Digital Innovation Gazette.
Dan Sarto is Publisher and Editor-in-Chief of Animation World Network.
Which OS Should You Target?Previous Post
Nice Gesture, But What Does It Mean?


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Job Information
ActionLink Services LLC Retail Merchandiser - Part Time - Sioux Falls, SD in SIOUX FALLS, South Dakota
Retail Merchandiser - Part Time - Sioux Falls, SD
LocationSD - SIOUX FALLS
Apply Now
ActionLink is inviting you to join our team of Electronics Retail Merchandisers!
Welcome to ActionLink's Merchandising Application Page. To help you decide if working for ActionLink is right for you, we have provided some detailed information about what it takes to be a great merchandiser for ActionLink.
What does an ActionLink Merchandiser do?
ActionLink is a retail services organization that provides merchandising execution in retail locations throughout the country and we work with the latest consumer electronics. We are hired by retailers and by product manufacturers to complete merchandising projects all over the country. If selected, you would be assigned a territory using a radius from your home base and would have responsibility for all merchandising projects scheduled to be completed in those stores.
Our company specializes in consumer electronics. This means that ActionLink Merchandisers work with the latest technologies which can include: computers/laptops, tablets, mobile devices, TV and home theater, audio equipment, appliances and more.
General duties include but not limited to:
· Ensuring product is stocked and visibly appealing
· Setting product to planogram
· Auditing displays and stock according to planogram
· Install interactive displays for consumer electronics
· Troubleshoot displays and display components
· Other merchandising duties as assigned
What days & hours will I work?
Projects in the assigned territory must be completed during the week they are scheduled. Typically, our merchandisers receive up to 5-20 hrs of work each week. With very few exceptions, you control the dates and times that you complete the projects assigned to you between Monday through Thursday, 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Our merchandising reps enjoy our flexibility in scheduling.
What does it take to be an ActionLink Merchandiser?
Merchandisers must be organized, motivated, self-starters who can work independently and be counted on to get their work done on time, every time in the best possible way.
ActionLink has a great relationship with our clients, so it is important that each of our merchandisers have outstanding customer service skills. Merchandisers must be able to communicate effectively with employees in their stores to get the job done.
Sometimes parts of the merchandising job can be physical. This position requires lifting up to 50 pounds on a regular basis, standing for hours at a time, frequently reaching above and below the shoulders, kneeling, bending, and crouching. Occasional use of ladders may be required.
Our merchandisers work quickly and efficiently using their smart devices and personal computers to complete all project reporting, so having a smart device that uses an iOS or Android operating system and has a data plan is important. We also utilize a state-of-the-art web-based system so all employees need to have regular access to a computer with Internet access, email and a printer.
It is each merchandiser's responsibility to get to their work site, so reliable transportation is a must.
Online training is provided for all merchandising employees. We also support our reps in the field via our phone in call center. While our merchandisers work independently, they are not alone.
· Must be at least 18 years of age
· Must be legally authorized to work in the U. S.
· Must maintain our professional appearance standards
ActionLink Services LLC
- ActionLink Services LLC Jobs


text:
Don't you hate it when you leave the office after a long day of work only to find a giant crab tearing the place up? They may be inconvenient, but monstrous crustaceans make for great stories. See what you can come up with for this killer kaiju crab.
This is just one of John Brosio's monstrous figurescapes (via Neatorama), titled "Fatigue 2." If it inspires you to write a flash fiction story, post it in the comments.
Here's my response:
Sylvain sighed. He was already late picking Rachel up from soccer practice, and now one of Doctor Dementex's Frankenbeasts was running amok in the office parking lot. He supposed he should be grateful that it wasn't his car in the giant crab's claws, but it hardly mattered. His insurance premiums were going to go through the roof now.
He considered his options. The Department of Metahuman Hygiene warned that if your vehicle was caught up in a superpowered battle, you should abandon it and flee to safety. (He hummed the PSA jingle as the crab flung Henry Forrester's Prius into the lot next door.) But how would get to Rachel's school then? The L-train had been down since the Somnambulist's showdown with the Questionable Quintet, and there was no way Sylvain was riding the bus.
Sylvain pulled out the phone and checked the time. Where was Moaning Man when you needed him? Doctor Dementex was his responsibility, after all. So annoying when Metaheroes were tardy with their own rogues. He drew his car keys from his pocket and pressed the unlock button. The crab didn't react to the soft click of the doors. Sylvain took a deep breath and ran for his car.
As he and his car were hoisted into the air, Sylvain wondered what giant crab meat tasted like. As he hurtled to the Earth, his only thoughts were of giant buckets of drawn butter.
Ghost_in_the_Machine's story:
Jenson gasped when he saw what was happening in the parking lot. Field testing at the Facility was a necessary part of the work being done but usually the scientists and engineers were able to contain things to the proper areas.
He didn't work in the lab. Jenson was a mid-level administrator who took care of the things needed to keep the lab division operating. He knew from the progress reports that crossed his desk that the lab was doing incredible things but he generally didn't see anything they did firsthand.
As he headed for the main exit of the administration building the guard had warned him of the Category One Incident happening in the parking lot.
"Don't worry, sir. The HRT is handling it," the guard added. The Hazardous Response Team was the Facility's in-house force for such events. "Just stay here until we get the all clear."
Jenson pushed past the guard and out the building, briefcase still in hand. He had never seen a Category One Incident in progress and was curious. The creature known as Test Subject XPQ-6754 was scuttling through the lot. Jenson noticed with dismay that XPQ-6754 had his red sports car gripped in one claw. He wondered what the cover story to tell the public, and more importantly his insurance company, would be.
quan_curreen's story:
It was finally happening. Gavin had dreamt of the day the old gods would rise from their aqueous slumber, to rule with implacable horror. What he hadn't pegged was the lack of tentacles...he was if anything mildly distracted from what should've been a momentous day by this fact. It irked him. A lovecraftian youth had prepped him for squamous and toothsome and eldritch. This looked more like something he used to watch as a child,comfortably wrapped in a blanket,wrapped in a proper American wagon, shoddy glasses wrapped around his head as he watched rubber beasts shamble through polystyrene cities. Good, quite fun in a campy way but severely lacking the requisite gravitas he wanted, no needed from the end of days. Frustrating really. He wondered if he should complain, but judging by the billowing smoke rising lazily from the city, all services would be down. He realised he had been standing on the spot, just gazing off into middle ground, as all around him his coworkers ran by screaming, tripping over debris, yelling to whatever gods would hopefully be listening. gavin knew better. So he walked against the tide of humanity. Sat himself on a bench he'd sat upon for many a lunch over many a year. Opened his briefcase, took out the slighty soggy sandwich his wife had made for him and settled back to enjoy the show. Any ending was better than no ending.
mechazawasguts' story:
It had been one of those days. On the way in that morning, the elevator got stuck between floors for ten minutes and that was ten minutes too long to share space with Morrison from Acquisitions. How could one man manage to be a sweaty-faced blow hard and a clinging claustrophobic at the same time. Once the car started moving again, Paul was more than willing to jump off on seven even though his office was on eleven. Morrison was too busy alternating between reaming out the maintenance staff and hyperventilating to notice how quickly he was bulldozed out of the way.
It was downhill from there. The coffee maker died in a hail of sparks and steam, Eileen was tying up the best copier making PowerPoint hand outs and the second best copier jammed every second page. Someone reheated something horrendously odoriferous in the microwave and Paul's lunch managed to smell like a combination of sweaty cheese, old fish, and sausage. The candy bar he decided to eat in it's place tasted almost as bad. The network connection, intermittent throughout the morning, finally gave up the ghost after lunch. Of course, that meant spending the afternoon hearing 'is the network up?' in all of its variations while he twiddled his thumbs at his desk.
Finally, Mr. Philipson finally took mercy on the non-essential staff and sent them home. Paul gathered his belongings, including the briefcase that he felt made him look more a bit more professional than the backpack he used to carry, and headed for the back lot.
He heard the screams as soon as he stepped outside, only a little bit before the salty, sour odor of sea water hit him. His shoulders slumped. Of course, this would be the day that he drove to work rather than taking the bus. He watched a Ford Escort go skittering across the lot, slamming into a couple of Civics. There were sirens in the distance blending with the wail of car alarms.
Maybe, on a different day, Paul might have made some vague effort to save his car. The faithful Dodge Neon had seen him through some difficult times and had not succumbed to the various electrical issues and minor accidents that plagued it. But, really, it wasn't worth it. If nothing else, it would be an interesting insurance claim. Pausing, he pulled out his phone and snapped a couple of pictures, just as proof, turned away, and headed for the bus stop.
ShirtBloke's story:
The phone rang.
"Henderson here. What can I do for you?"
"This is Robinson. Get the exterminators on the phone. Send them to the parking lot."
"We've got rats?"
"No, crustacea."
"You telling me you've got crabs?"
"Crab singular. And it's big."
"I'll be right on it."
"And get me the price of mayonnaise futures. I feel an opportunity."
leicester's story:
Donaldson wasn't sure of a lot of things, but today one thing became certain to him.
He was NEVER going to illegally park in a handicap space again....


text:
Photo Gallery: Penn State Homecoming Parade
Homecoming 2012's signature event, the downtown parade, attracted large crowds in fair weather conditions Friday night.
More than 200 students, alumni and community groups participated in the Homecoming parade, and 44 floats created by student organizations were featured.
Check out a photo gallery of the parade below, courtesy of Onward State.
Photo Gallery - Homecoming Parade
The staff of StateCollege.com prepared this article. Reach us at (814) 238-6201.
More articles by StateCollege.com Staff →


text:
2013 Iraq Health Care Sector Outlook
27 Feb, 2013, 15:16 GMT
MUMBAI, India, February 27, 2013 /PRNewswire/ --
Bharat Book Bureau has recently added the market intelligence report titled '2013 Iraq Health Care Sector Outlook' (http://www.bharatbook.com/market-research-reports/healthcare-market-research-report/2013-iraq-health-care-sector-outlook.html) to its offerings.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20130128/590935 )
2013 Iraq Health Care Sector Outlook is the single, most comprehensive, insightful and accurate source of reference on the health care industry in Iraq.
The report provides unparalleled insight into one of the lesser known emerging markets for Health Care in the Middle East. It shows that total health care spending in Iraq will increase to between US$10-12 billion a year by 2014, and that privatization of the health care system will begin to emerge as restructuring of state owned enterprises gathers steam.
The report outlines the key market, political, economic, institutional and regulatory trends affecting the health care and pharmaceuticals industry in Iraq, providing core data and investment trend analysis in relation to existing and medium-term investment dynamics.
The report accounts for the entire health and pharmaceutical industry in Iraq, assesses the current commercial and competitive environment, forecasts health care market prospects, and projects key macroeconomic, demographics and health indicators. It reviews major regulatory trends and the operational environment, accounting for political, security and commercial conditions, business registration, licensing, acquisitions and expansion laws, government procurement procedures, foreign investment and trade controls, taxation and financing issues, and labour market and infrastructure regulations. It offers detailed analysis and a medium-term health-financing outlook, and digests the government's long-term vision in reforming the sector. The report has been designed to inform strategic investment decisions, and allows clients to:
- Get to grips with the current state of health care services in Iraq and the scope for future growth;
- Identify the major areas of government and private sector investment in primary, secondary and tertiary care systems;
- Compare growth prospects in key sub-sectors and against regional competitors to identify best business avenues;
- Adopt an adequate approach to working with relevant governorate and central-level authorities;
- Enhance business and joint venture planning;
- Account for current and future political and investment risks; and,
- Identify emerging business opportunities as they come on line.
Request for Sample pages - http://www.bharatbook.com/RequestSample.asp?pid=376793
Company Mentioned in the Report
State Company For Drugs And Medical Appliances (KIMADIA)
State Company for Drugs, Industry and Medical Supplies (SAMARRA)
State Company for Drugs Industry and Medical Appliances ( NINEWA)
Advance Scientific Company
Al Assad Scientific Bureau
Al Ahlaf Trading Company
Alyara Company
Enana Company
Issam Bureau Group
Kasim Irzzouki Drug Scientific Bureau
Lagash Scientific Group
Modern Drug Industries
Pioneers Pharma
HT Labor + Hospitaltechnik AG
Hazha Company
United Medical Company
Al Nabeer Co. Ltd Medical System Services
Ermedi International of France
Al Rawi Group of Companies
Al Bihar Medical Trading Company
Diar Baghdad Company
OMA Company
Iraqi Biotechnology Company Ltd.
Kardokh Company
Medical Resource Center
HOZ Company Ltd.
Shams Anahar Company
Sorima Hospital Development of Italy
United Scientific Enterprises
Viessmann Technologies GmbH of Germany
Get an overview of the report at or request for sample pages at -
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Bharat Book Bureau is the leading market research information aggregator that provides market research reports, industry analysis, company profiles, business reports, country reports, newsletters and online databases. Our clients include Corporate, Consulting firms, and Academic Institutions and Government departments across the globe. Bharat Book Bureau provides over a million reports from more than 400 publishers around the globe. The market research reports we provide, help global companies examine the different markets before setting up a business or expanding into different countries across the world. They give a complete perspective on the current market scenario, trends, segments and future outlook.
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Website : http://www.bharatbook.com
SOURCE Bharat Book Bureau


text:
Size: 330 ml
The fact that here again is another pirate-themed beer seems to back up the fact that these sea-faring plunderers are synonymous with beer and booze. From the annals of buccaneers in the Caribbean to the modern day pirates of Somalia – the common denominator seems to be the natural proclivity to guzzle alcohol. It is a generally accepted myth that virtually the only initiation test a pirate needed to pass was to be able to drink a large boot of beer straight down.
Whilst beer may have played some role on dry land it is probably far more likely that pirates, corsairs and buccaneers would have been drinking other varieties of lubrication once asail. Wine kept well on long voyages and was generally stronger than beer and thus was a popular brew, and of course all pirates are associated with rum. Due to the increased strength and its durability it was the natural choice to take away to sea. It was often much safer to drink than water which wouldn't have stored particularly well, and so pirates drinking booze was probably quite a sensible choice.
For the exact same reasons gin was also very popular, but pirates didn't lack creativity. With plenty of time at sea there is recorded evidence that pirates made cocktails to liven up their crew. Bumboo is a fairly well known drink which is a mixture of dark rum, lemon juice and spices, and Flip would be similar to the above but with the addition of egg yolk. Rumfustian was another popular drink and tended to consist of similar ingredients to Flip but with added sherry and gin. Interestingly it seems to be accepted that the popular Mediterranean drink Sangria may have originated on a pirate ship under the name Sangaree where pirate bartenders would combine left over fruit with red wine – anything to avoid scurvy!
Perhaps the best known marine cocktail however has to be Grog. Many of us may commonly use this term to refer to beer or booze in general but in seafaring days of yore, Grog was a drink which was pretty much brewed in the kettle using rum, beer, oatmeal and spices. These ingredients would probably have been in plentiful supply and it isn't hard to see why Grog was so popular. Whilst the pirates may have drunk Grog, the credit for inventing it seems to lay with Vice Admiral Edward Vernon who introduced the brew into the Royal Navy in 1740 as a remedy for improving health. He always wore a coat made of grogram cloth and thus became known as Old Grog. Grog is still commonly made nowadays but tends to be served warm and made sweeter with sugar which no doubt improves the taste no end.
The grog now sitting in my Belgian beer glass was strictly the barley variety and is actually a label beer made by Van Steenberge. More popularly known as Bornem Tripel, it was created to pad out the du Boucanier range which was sold and distributed through Icobes (#237). It is likely this association is very limited now as I rarely see these beers anymore in reputable beer shops, and this beer is long retired – although the Bornem variant still lives on. The Old Reserve was actually a better beer than some of the others in the range with equal measure of fizz and flavour. A standard fruity tripel which at least got your palate talking to your brain, although one which I wouldn't buy it again even if I could.


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11 Healthy Dinner Snacks
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If you've been disturbing to abide the siren alarm of abundant abundance aliment and chocolatey treats while you're arresting with quarantine, affront not! Healthy eating is absolutely still accessible during a pandemic. If you're keeping a accurate eye on what you eat or are aggravating to stick to a specific diet alike in the face of these live-upending coronavirus quarantines and lockdowns, a advantageous meal commitment account ability be a acceptable advantage for you. Many meal kit companies now action acute solutions for advancement a advantageous diet (whatever that ability beggarly to anniversary of us individually) with card options that are accessible to adapt or are already pre-made.
Whether it's apple-pie bistro (as in the Whole30 diet), acid out balance carbs and amoroso (keto life) from your ingredients, acceptable ancient calorie-counting (Weight Watchers is absolutely still a thing), or aloof apparent old bistro healthy, artlessly carrying accessibility no best suffices. Abounding companies are now alms advantageous meal commitment options and tailored affairs with accessible weeknight beheading to fit aloof about any diet, captious eater or advantageous affairs you can dream up, and that's afore we alike alpha talking about pre-made meals. Alike better, all of these commons aftertaste so acceptable and are badly satisfying.
Blue Apron may accept been the aboriginal big amateur on the advantageous meal commitment scene, but specialized kits and commitment casework tailored to organic, vegetarian and vegan lifestyles followed abutting behind. Startups like Blooming Chef and Purple Carrot action vegetarian option, acceptable and amoebic meal kits. Added meal basal aggregation options like Kettlebell Kitchen, Splendid Spoon and Freshly accept taken things one footfall further, carrying delicious, healthy, absolutely able meals, soups and atom bowls on a account basis, demography all the assumption out of cafeteria and banquet and allowance protein-hungry athletes and accustomed association with a appropriate diet or comestible restrictions break on track.
Now playing: Watch this: Plant-based nuggets vs. the absolute affair
Of the abounding advantageous meal kit and meal commitment casework now in the market, abounding accept a different bloom angled or diet specialty acquisitive to carve out a chump alcove that ability account best from their comestible and commitment offerings. There are meal commitment kits for keto and paleo lifestyles, amoebic or vegan diets, low-calorie meal affairs to aid in accident weight, and abundant more.
Though we did not analysis anniversary and every meal kit or service, we did dive into the specific offerings and airheaded (as they chronicle to bloom and diet) as able-bodied as the affairs and appraisement capacity for some of the best accepted casework accessible in 2020 to admonition you acquisition the best advantageous meal kit or meal commitment for you. So if you like your capacity beatific beeline to you beginning — and you like to accomplish banquet from those beginning capacity — apprehend on!
These articles and casework are apart called by our editors.
Read more: The best store-bought keto barbecue sauces
With added than 38 meal kits and recipes to accept from on its card in any accustomed week, including acceptable one-pan dinners and oven-ready meals, Home Chef is a acceptable best for accepting simple and adorable advantageous meal commitment at home.
One affair to like about Home Chef is you can calmly adapt or sub the protein in your meal kit, so if a assertive bowl sounds appetizing but you're not a big pork person, you can bandy in some craven or angle as one of the ingredients. Home Chef additionally allows you to adjustment bifold the protein in your meal afterwards acceleration the all-embracing portion, so it's a abundant low-carb meal kit advantage for keto or paleo diets. You can additionally accept to adjustment antibiotic-free protein from the card instead of the accepted adaptation for an added cost.
Pricing and subscription: Meals alpha at $7.99 per confined with added exceptional Home Chef recipes and add-ons offered at bazaar price. You can add bake-apple for a few added dollars, for instance — the absolute aegis adjoin those 3 p.m. cravings or late-night snacking woes. If you adjustment now, you can get $20 off your aboriginal four boxes.
Probably the best apparent of the meal kit services, Blue Apron has a lot of healthy, beginning options on the card — and aloof a lot of options, in general. Blue Apron afresh teamed up with Weight Watchers for easy-to-cook advantageous recipes that adjust with its point system, authoritative it accessible for those in the affairs to meal plan and accumulate track. Blue Apron offers barter almost 8 to 12 adorable commons to accept from per anniversary including a few vegetarian options as able-bodied as a few that created for the Weight Watchers Freestyle program.
Separate from Weight Watchers meals, their vegetarian options get aerial marks in the reviews we read, but if you are full-on vegan or vegetarian, there are acceptable bigger vegetarian specialty meal kit and meal commitment casework with added daily/weekly plant-based options and ingredients. Blue Apron additionally has one of the best convenient interfaces of all the meal kit casework and alternative wine pairings, too.
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Sun Basket's advantageous meal commitment account focuses on beginning capacity with easy-to-cook recipes, abounding of which are advised accurately for assorted diets and comestible restrictions, including low-carb, gluten-free, vegan, vegetarian, keto, paleo and more. Anniversary anniversary starts with 18 banquet options on the card — like shrimp paella or turkey meatballs with cashew crema — of which you aces two, three or four to be delivered the afterward week.
Sun Basket additionally has an absolute card of advantageous aliment to add to your adjustment in the anatomy of candy like red pepper hummus, miso broth, sous vide egg bites and attic yogurt. Sun Basket is one of the meal kits with the best variety, and you can absolutely adapt your account adjustment to your specifications.
Pricing and subscription: Each confined runs about $12, so three dishes per anniversary (six absolute servings) will run you about $72. The ancestors plan offers bigger amount but beneath selection, with aloof six commons to accept from per week; however, the portions serve four adults (with leftovers). For the ancestors plan, three commons (12 absolute servings) costs about $132.
Freshly is a simple yet constant ready-to-eat meal cable (not a meal kit). And it's fresh, like the name says. Freshly's commons annihilate any basal bare for casework like Blue Apron and HelloFresh, confined single-portion commons for the health-conscious being who may not accept time or absorption in cooking. Freshly's commons appear frozen, to be acrimonious up in a broil or accepted oven. They all boilerplate about 500 calories per confined and are gluten free, all-natural and chargeless of aesthetic sugar. A few ready-to-eat commons from Freshly's card accommodate a affable penne Bolognese bake, craven with attic back-scratch and turkey augment meatloaf. It's alike easier than accepting the ingredients!
Pricing and subscription: Freshly meal affairs alpha at $50 for 4 commons ($12.50 per meal) and get cheaper the added you order. If you go big with the 12-meals-per-week plan, anniversary one break bottomward to aloof $9.
Purple Carrot is one of the aboriginal plant-based meal commitment services. The 100% vegan meal kit account array credibility for its adroit and absorbing beginning meat-free capacity and meal basal options like cauliflower and quinoa kofta or adhesive apricot seitan activity fry. Purple Carrot makes it accessible to array its offerings into aerial protein or gluten-free commons that amuse alike nonvegetarians. Do be acquainted that some of its commons booty some time and a little accomplishment to put together, but if quality, bootleg vegan commons are a antecedence for you, this is apparently the best meal kit pick.
In accession to the appetizing vegan meals, you can add account like assistant chia pudding or brief oats with apricot, goji berries and cashew butter.
Pricing and subscription: Purple Carrot commons amount you almost $12 per serving, which isn't absolutely bargain for vegan food, but you can accept amid two affairs advised for either singles or couples (three two-serving commons per week) or a ancestors (two six-serving commons per week).
While it's not a acceptable meal kit or meal delivery, Hungryroot is an circle of AI and grocery arcade commitment to accelerate a curated abundance (based on your preferences) of advantageous groceries, candy and preseasoned proteins for quick meals, or added intricate meal-making (if you choose). This is a acceptable advantage if you like to baker and are attractive for some advantageous kitchen inspiration, but acquisition meal kits but to be a little restrictive. Like, maybe you aloof don't appetite tilapia tacos tonight.
Hungryroot is cyberbanking on the actuality that you'll adulation its able suggestions for fun, high-quality grocery abundance articles like agrarian augment craven meatballs, Thai peanut booze or a brittle carrot-lentil mix. The antecedent appointment is absolutely appealing basic, aloof accounting for comestible restrictions and allergies. But don't worry, you can absolutely adapt your adjustment afterwards checkout, so if you abhorrence beets, you don't accept to accept beets. Hungryroot will additionally accelerate recommended recipes that can be fabricated with the items you're getting.
Pricing and subscription: Small grocery deliveries are $69 and accommodate advantage to accomplish three to four two-serving meals, additional snacks. Medium deliveries are $99 and should accomplish almost four to bristles two-serving meals, additional snacks, while ample deliveries go for $129 and are abundant for bristles to six two-serving meals, additional snacks.
Green Chef is a advantageous amoebic meal-kit commitment account that will clothier your plan to advance a paleo, keto, vegetarian (plant-powered) or aloof a abiding counterbalanced diet. Almost 90% of the capacity included in Blooming Chef's meal kits are certified amoebic and meats are sustainably fished, farmed and aloft afterwards hormones or antibiotics.
Like Blue Apron or Sun Basket, Blooming Chef provides all the amoebic capacity bare to baker a adequately simple meal — about in beneath than 30 account — and anxious compound cards with photos accomplish afterward instructions accessible like with the simple teriyaki pork meatballs. There are some meal kit casework on our account with added absolute options per week, but Blooming Chef absolutely array credibility for quality, bloom and affluence of use.
Pricing and subscription: Green Chef's amoebic offerings alpha at about $8 per meal and acquiesce you to adapt or skip weeks back traveling, etc.
You can acquaint by the name, Eat Apple-pie Bro, is afterwards a accurate articulation of the population: Bros, of course. And area do bros adhere out? Gyms. So this able meal account — as you ability accept already estimated — focuses on clean, healthy, protein-packed commons to abutment that gym life.
"Bros" who use the able meal commitment account (available in selects markets only) aces a minimum of bristles able commons to be delivered on the abutting commitment day. The commons are categorized by protein blazon (salmon, chicken, pork, etc.) or into accepted diet categories like clean, lean, beneath 400 calories, keto-friendly, vegetarian and more.
Pricing and subscription: Commons alpha at $8.50 and go up to $13 for dishes like apricot and steak.
This is absolutely the best meal commitment for ready-to-go, advantageous breakfast and lunches. Splendid Spoon is acquisitive to attract association who appetite to accumulate it simple, accessible and nutritous for breakfast and cafeteria with its banal smoothies, soups and atom bowls delivered to your aperture weekly.
Splendid Spoon puts an accent on alimentative ingredients, but doesn't baggy on aftertaste because of it. Soups accommodate cauliflower tikka and Mexican tomato, while smoothies appear in appetizing combos like almond adulate and jelly, blueberry acai and a blooming matcha smoothie with spirulina, amber and turmeric. Soups and smoothies are about categorized by their all-embracing advised effect, like "heal," "energize" and "refresh." Splendid Spoon additionally offers a full-day soup absolve add-on to "reset" your system.
Pricing and subscription: Splendid Spoon offers a few options, like a breakfast plan with bristles smoothies per anniversary (most are almost low in sugar) or a cafeteria plan, which is bristles canicule of vegetable-packed soups, stews or atom bowls for $65. Or get the accomplished shebang: an absolute bristles days' account of smoothies and lunches (soups and atom bowls) for $135. It is a subscription, but you're chargeless to abolish anytime, including afterwards the aboriginal anniversary if you appetite to aloof try it out.
Prepped, arctic and vegetarian (no affable or accumulation required), Veestro's commons are alien and can be acrimonious up in either a broil or accepted oven. Veestro proves to be one of the added affordable meal commitment services, with 15 commons per anniversary (three commons a day) clocking in at aloof $130 (with the accepted discount). Veestro has a absolutely massive alternative of vegetarian meals, and you body a box of 10, 20 or 30 commons at a time to be delivered in aggregate back you want.
If calorie-counting is important to your bloom goals, Veestro tries to accumulate the three circadian commons in its "Weight Loss" affairs about or beneath than 1,200 calories with dishes like red back-scratch and vegetables, seitan soba noodles, meatless shepherd's pie and breakfast burritos. Once you get your aboriginal plan, you can alpha to customize, reordering dishes you admired and absence those you didn't.
Pricing and subscription: There are several options. A custom or chef's best plan of 10 commons amount $117. Twenty commons amount $217 and 30 commons will amount you $297. The weight accident plan, which includes three commons per day for bristles days, recurring, is $176 for bristles canicule of commons or $227 for seven canicule of food.
The admonition independent in this commodity is for educational and advisory purposes alone and is not advised as bloom or medical advice. Always argue a physician or added able bloom provider apropos any questions you may accept about a medical action or bloom objectives.
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HELLENISTIC HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE SCIENCES PRACTICES AND CONCEPTS IN POLYBIUS' HISTORIES by Lucas Herchenroeder A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (CLASSICS) December 2010 Copyright 2010 Lucas Herchenroeder
Object Description
|Hellenistic historiography and the sciences: practices and concepts in Polybius' Histories
|Herchenroeder, Lucas
|Author email
|firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com
|Doctor of Philosophy
|Document type
|Degree program
|College of Letters, Arts and Sciences
|Date defended/completed
|Date submitted
|Restricted until
|Date published
|Advisor (committee chair)
|Habinek, Thomas N.
|Advisor (committee member)
Thalmann, William G.
Levitt, Marcus
Smith, Bruce R.
|This dissertation examines the relationship between Polybius' Histories and the culture of the sciences in Hellenistic Greece. The period often is identified with noteworthy advances in scientific thought, not only in the extension of rational culture to broader and more diverse areas of inquiry, but also in the formalization of practices within and among fields of research. These include developments in medicine, physics, ethics, mathematics and many other fields of speculative thought as well. Historical writing may also be situated in this context, especially in light of comparable efforts to define and formalize study of the past as a more serious intellectual pursuit. With the great proliferation of historical texts at this time and especially the growth of concern for standards of historical method, the Hellenistic era is characterized by an increasingly stronger sense of history's status as a formal discipline. Polybius' role in this set of developments is substantial; his writing is distinguished throughout by special concerns for methodology, expressed in a variety of ways ranging from criticism of other writers to more substantive observations regarding the principles of historical knowledge. In particular, it is the framework constituted by other forms of science, understood as a set of concrete models of description and analysis, which forms the basis for his approach. In this dissertation, I explain the practical and conceptual framework of contemporary science as a source of structure for this attempt to innovate in the historical field.; My approach is based on three considerations, of which the first concerns factors internal to the historical field itself. Given the basic problems with knowledge of the past and especially the lack of clear standards for historical method, the historical field is typically characterized by dispute and rivalry among writers. As Polybius' own interest in methodology is based on this largely routine set of concerns, his relationship with the sciences is to be understood primarily from the perspective of competition with existing sources of historical authority, such as popular accounts of the past appearing in myth and poetry, and especially the work of other prose writers. Consideration of the Histories in relation to contemporary historical production thus reveals an effort to specialize study of the past on the basis of more stringent principles of historical reconstruction. Polybius' approach is not arbitrary, but is based on formal approaches to inquiry employed elsewhere in the sciences, which, I argue, provide the basis for innovation in the historical field mainly due to the special cultural authority of such practices. Given the progress of Hellenistic science, technical adjustments in Polybius' writing are to be understood in relation to current trends in the development of rational culture—the second main concern here. This detail not only clarifies the basis of Polybius' critical engagement with the historical tradition, but also qualifies the relationship between history and the sciences in ancient Greece, a subject of controversy at least since Aristotle.; The final part of my argument examines the consequences of this relationship for the production and organization of historical knowledge. Even as affiliations with the sciences provide the basis for a more serious approach to history (e.g., as opposed to accounts of the past appearing in myth or in aristocratic genealogies), the same affiliations introduce constraints for historical representation as well. Thus the practices and concepts relating history to the sciences are not merely formal, but constitute a productive influence on constructions of historical perception. Overall, this project aims to provide a framework, formed on the model of Polybius' Histories, for clarifying the relationship between the pragmatics of disciplinary development in the historical field and the organization of historical understanding more generally.; The dissertation is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, I provide an overview of ancient science by considering specific conditions governing the development of Classical and Hellenistic intellectual culture. Following modern theoretical approaches to the sociology of scientific knowledge, I examine the formation of certain research programs in this context as the expression of specific forms of social authority in intellectual culture. Ongoing regularization in the methods and categories of scientific thought may be identified with the emergence of a cultural regime, with implications for regulating intellectual production in a range of fields of inquiry, including history. I end the chapter by suggesting how efforts to implement rational models of description and analysis in the context of history are to be understood in terms of the influence of different kinds of cultural authority emergent in the context of scientific progress.; In Chapters 2 and 3, I consider Polybius' approach to history in relation to specific developments in contemporary rational culture. Chapter 2 examines Polybius' concern for history as a source of technical instruction for the statesman. This aspect of his writing, denoted by the controversial expression pragmatikê historia, reveals an effort to subject study of the past to concepts of knowledge and explanation employed in the practical sciences, which thus provide the model for a more useful account of political and military affairs. I argue that this approach, while ostensibly providing a useful practical resource, ultimately encourages a narrower conception of the proper domain of history, and thus limited views of historical change in the long term. In Chapter 3, I extend a similar approach to Polybius' concept of universal history. Polybius is well known for his attempt to provide an extensive account of Roman conquest, including coverage of affairs in many theaters of activity across the Mediterranean. This approach is based on systems of analysis employed in the natural sciences, which provide the model for organizing historical description of such a broad field. Ultimately the use of this framework introduces noteworthy constraints for understanding the effects of Roman conquest and corresponding convergence of world affairs. It is not necessarily observations about the concrete effects of Roman conquest that matter here, but rather how the formal components of Polybius' approach provide the foundations for limited conceptions of historical change at the metahistorical level. Notably, the concept of universal history may be linked to the emergence of the notion of cultural integration as a dominant idiom of historical thought, an influential development not only in antiquity, but also in the formation of historical perceptions in many subsequent periods of Mediterranean history.; In the final chapter, I examine Polybius' approach to the study of historical causes, most notably in his accounts of the various wars described in the Histories. This aspect of his writing is based on deliberate attempts to adapt methods of explanation in the natural sciences. In particular, I consider how use of that model extends the discourse on the origins of wars beyond conventional frames of concern in practical political contexts. In seeking to elucidate war as a subject of rational explanation, Polybius alters conventional modes of understanding. Thinking about the origins of wars in terms of natural causal schemes, for example, involves disregard for the practical conventions of diplomatic discourse, which requires consideration of moral and legal criteria as a means of regulating interstate relations. While this adjustment renders explanations for war more attractive in contemporary scientific discourse, it alters how the origins of wars are to be understood in contemporary politics, and ultimately provides conditions for new conceptions of international political order. From this set of examinations, the project aims ultimately to clarify the link between Hellenistic rationalism and the construction of familiar features of the Mediterranean political and historiographical traditions.
|causation; Greek science; Hellenistic historiography; intellectual history; Polybius; universalism
|Geographic subject (country)
|Geographic subject (region)
|Coverage era
|Hellenistic Period
|Part of collection
|University of Southern California dissertations and theses
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|University of Southern California
|Place of publication (of the original version)
|Los Angeles, California
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|University of Southern California. Libraries
|Electronically uploaded by the author
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|University of Southern California
|Herchenroeder, Lucas
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|HELLENISTIC HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE SCIENCES PRACTICES AND CONCEPTS IN POLYBIUS' HISTORIES by Lucas Herchenroeder A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (CLASSICS) December 2010 Copyright 2010 Lucas Herchenroeder


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Born: 1924, Warsaw, Poland
Describes food shortages after the invasion of Warsaw [Interview: 1989]
Like other Jews, the Lewents were confined to the Warsaw ghetto. In 1942, as Abraham hid in a crawl space, the Germans seized his mother and sisters in a raid. They perished. He was deployed for forced labor nearby, but escaped to return to his father in the ghetto. In 1943, the two were deported to Majdanek, where Abraham's father died. Abraham later was sent to Skarzysko, Buchenwald, Schlieben, Bisingen, and Dachau. US troops liberated Abraham as the Germans evacuated prisoners.
Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC


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