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Lyons Stockbroker & Investment Fraud Lawyers
Syracuse, NY 13202
Syracuse University College of Law
Buffalo, NY 14202
Brooklyn Law School
Buffalo, NY 14221
SUNY Buffalo Law School
University of Notre Dame Law School
Buffalo, NY 14202
SUNY Buffalo Law School
New York, NY 10010
Stockbroker Fraud, Arbitration & Mediation, Employment and Securities
Brooklyn Law School
Ross has over two decades of experience trying large and complex financial fraud cases on behalf of investors worldwide, including winning the largest arbitration award ever against Goldman Sachs. His clients include high net worth individuals, family offices, hedge funds, funds of funds, endowments, non-profits and other institutions in claims against...
New York Law School
New York, NY 10005
New York Law School and Harvard University
Stockbroker Fraud, Arbitration & Mediation, Employment and Securities
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
An active participant in the bar, Robert has...
12th Floor
New York, NY 10016
Stockbroker Fraud, Criminal, DWI and White Collar Crime
New York Law School
Previously, Elena worked as a Felony Assistant District Attorney at the Kings County District Attorney's Office in Brooklyn, New York where she handled thousands of cases from arraignment to disposition. During her six years at the District...
Suite 615
New York, NY 10004
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Suite 1802
New York, NY 10018
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Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University
New City, NY 10956
State University of New York - Buffalo
7th Floor
New York, NY 10007
Fordham University
12th Floor
New York, NY 10016
Southern Methodist University
Mr. Blanch worked as an intern-prosecutor with both the Los Angeles and San Francisco District Attorneys' Offices. There he prosecuted hundreds of felonies at probable cause hearings in criminal court under the supervision of the District Attorney's .
Over the course of his career, Mr. Blanch and his legal team have represented executives, attorneys, accountants, health care providers,...
Stockbroker Fraud, Appeals, Arbitration & Mediation and Securities
Georgetown University
Mr. Gray was admitted to the New York bar in 1997, is a member of the bars of the U.S. District Courts for the Eastern, Southern and Western Districts of New York, the U.S. District Courts for the Eastern and Northern Districts of Texas, the U.S. District Court for the District of North Dakota, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, the U.S. Court of...
Michigan State University
Originally from Toronto, Canada, Mr. Bouganim relocated to the United States to practice law as part of his life mission to help others. Mr. Bouganim joined the Malecki Law team after a few years of...
43 West 43rd Street, Ste. 229
New York, NY 10036-7424
New York Law School
I also regularly represent those who work in the financial services regarding recruiting practices including issues relating to the Protocol for Broker Recruiting; non-solicit, non-compete and other restrictive covenants; customer privacy and other regulatory issues; best-practices for preserving a book of business through a transition; Form U5 negotiations; responding to FINRA inquiries; promissory notes; bonus disputes; team disputes; temporary restraining orders (TROs); expedited FINRA arbitrations;...
5th Floor
New York, NY 10022
New York University School of Law
Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University
41st Floor
New York, NY 10019
University of Texas School of Law
Stockbroker Fraud, Employment and Securities
New York Law School
23rd Floor
New York, NY 10001
Western Michigan University Cooley Law School
Today, he continues to develop skill and expertise in trial and appellate advocacy. Adversary counsel against him come from some of the largest and most resourceful firms in New York City down to competent and capable sole practitioners. From the beginning of his practice, Mr. Benjamin has felt that...
Suite 1305
New York, NY 10006
Bronxville, NY 10708
Columbia Law School
Suite 1120
New York, NY 10022
New York University
New York, NY 10005
St. John's University School of Law
Woodstock, NY 12498
Syracuse University College of Law
UCLA School of Law
Villanova University School of Law
Stockbroker Fraud and Securities
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44th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Brooklyn Law School
Brooklyn, NY 11249
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St Johns Law School and St. John's University School of Law
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Bronx, NY 10451
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Katonah, NY 10536
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Electronic applications are available. We have also posted application, brochure and flyer in the Download section as PDF files. If you wish to have the stay in our camp as Christmas gift for your son or daughter, please let us know and write CHRISTMAS in the Note section of the application. We need to receive these applications by December 20 in order to e-mail gift registration to your e-mail address in time. You can use additional New Year bonus +1% to First Moment discount 3% for applications received by December 31 and fully paid by January 20, 2018.
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Collectormania Milton Keynes 2020
Saturday, 12 June 2021 at 09:00 - Sunday, 13 June 2021 at 17:00 (BST)
The UK's favourite Comic Con returns to the where is all began for Collectormania Milton Keynes 2020. Bringing you the best in autograph sessions, photo shoots and panels with your favourite celebrities. For a full guest line up visit our website https://collectormaniamk.com/
Showmasters have been running large scale signing events across the country for over 10 years. We provide the very best in autograph sessions, photo shoots and panels with stars of TV and Film as well as an environment for thousands of fans to come together for a fun and exciting weekend.
In order to purchase these tickets in installments, you'll need an Eventbrite account. Log in or sign up for a free account to continue.


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Kitty food for cat with crystals?
Hi Guys,
My friend's cat has been battling a rather bad UTI for the last couple of weeks, and the vet now says she has crystals (struvite, I think, and just a few). She's on vet food to assist in breaking them up and she's doing much better. However, the vet told my friend that it was the food she was eating that must have caused the crystals and that she should be on vet food for life after this .
This cat apparently would rather starve than eat wet food, too (I know that's the best thing for them, but she's a rather stubborn kitty). She's a purebred something-or-other (I forget which kind, I just know she's gorgeous) and she's about 6 years old.
She was being fed Performatrin Ultra for cats.
Can anybody recommend a good dry food for kitties with crystal issues? My friend doesn't mind feeding her the vet food for now, to help dissolve the crystals, but since I've been telling her how awful vet food really is she's willing to look into what to switch her to after this. Are there certain ingredients that she should avoid/look for? My only experience with crystals is with my dog, and we didn't change foods specifically for that, but I know cats are quite different in their nutritional needs.
(I know that raw or canned is better, but I'm pretty sure my friend won't do that - she's really looking for a dry food that addresses the issue, if it truly is food related).
Thanks for your help.
Tommys mom,I amm sure out cat-food guru(sugarcatmom) will be answering soon
However,I would never feed a cat who has crystals any kind of dry food,vet food or any other.
Right now I have my 3 male cats on Wellness no grain canned and they love it.
Maybe if your friend tried some of the better canned foods her kitty would like it,it's definetly the best way to go,unless she wants to go with raw-feeding.
I honestly don't know of any dry food that would be good for a cat with crystals
"The cruelest animal is the Human animal"
3 kitties,Rocky(r.i.p my boy),Chico,Vinnie
Last edited by chico2; May 11th, 2008 at 05:12 PM.
Thanks, Chico... that's sort of what I thought, but I figured it was worth asking the question. I did tell her that canned would be better, but she's pretty adamant that the cat won't eat it - maybe she'll give it another shot. Are there any tricks for getting cats to eat wet food? Maybe it's worth mixing it in with the dry or something to transition?
Just a thought, too - if the cat is 6 years old, and has always eaten the same food, does it really make sense that the vet says the food caused the crystals?
I really only had one male cat with crystals and he got soo bad(about 30yrs ago)he had to be put down.
It was due partly to my ignorance at that time,when only Purina Cat Chow and Pussin'Boots canned was available.
But I still remember my wonderful vet at the time saying,NEVER feed a cat dry food only.
It makes sense to me,cats are not great drinkers generally,although mine are.
Your friend could make it a slow transition,mixing the dry with canned,but she would have to get a good quality grain-free food even add a liittle water to it.
I should point out,in case she only has one cat and puts leftovers in the fridge,cats do not like cold food from the fridge,adding a little warm water will help.
I just wanted to add,poor kitty always eating the same food,imagine eating meatloaf every day for six years...my cats are fed a variety of different kinds,just like people.
Thank's for asking for your friend,I am sure Sugarcatmom will hellp out soon,probably busy on Mothers Day..
"The cruelest animal is the Human animal"
3 kitties,Rocky(r.i.p my boy),Chico,Vinnie
Last edited by chico2; May 11th, 2008 at 05:24 PM.
Hi Tommysmom,
Chico's right, wet is the most important issue when it comes to cats with crystals. For starters, crystals (specifically struvite) form in alkaline urine, and dry foods are conducive to alkalinity because of their high carbohydrate content. The prescription foods get around this by adding acidifiers, but then you increase the risk of forming an even worse type of crystal, calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate crystals can only be removed with surgery.
Crystals of both kinds become a problem when urine is concentrated, which tends to be the case when feeding only dry. When urine is appropriately dilute and the cat pees more frequently, any crystals that do form are easily flushed out. Soooooo, I urge your friend to try again with canned food. It can be a challenge, no doubt about it. Cats are often suspicious of new foods and it took me many many months to fully switch my kitty over to wet. Patience and persistence are key.
She might need to try several varieties and brands (Fancy Feast, though not necessarily the best ingredients, can be a good transition food - lots of cats really like it). Pulverizing her cat's favourite kibble or treats and sprinkling it on top of the wet can be useful for enticing the cat to at least try it. Picking up the kibble during the day and going more towards meal feeding rather than free-feeding is important. She can also try leaving the canned food down for extended periods of time (it's perfectly fine to leave it out for several hours - most people don't realize this and think it goes bad, but it really doesn't). Some cats that won't eat canned when you first offer it will go back to it later when they're really hungry and mom isn't there standing over them (that's how my guy was).
Here are some more tips that maybe you could print off or forward to your friend: http://www.catinfo.org/#Transitionin...o_Canned_Food_ and here is some more detailed info on why wet is all around healthier for cats than dry: http://www.catinfo.org/
"To close your eyes will not ease another's pain." ~ Chinese Proverb
We must not refuse to see with our eyes what they must endure with their bodies. ~ Gretchen Wyler
Thank you for all the info! I'm going to send her a link to this page, I think... that way she can read it for herself and see how important it is. I know she loves her kitty soooooooo much, and I'm sure she'll appreciate all of your help.
not to sound fatalistic here but really dry is not an option unless you want to sacrifice other health down the road. quite a few people find switchiing foods for 'picky' cats is impossible unless you understand how cats define food... which is way different than people do!!! sugarcatmom, do you remember that article that talked about cats noses and smells and how they all connected to make sure cats didnt eat foods that would make them sick and thats why they stick to foods they 'know' by smell?? it was posted a few months ago.
anyway, im pretty convinced that the way to transition a cat is by making the new food available RIGHT NEXT TO the old food. probably pretty wasteful but introducing the SMELL first, IMO is vital. we are currently working on small prey. Baby Girl ate half of the new stuff but no one else touched it. i will be making it available next to their current food for at least a month before i give up. the first night the declined dinner (seriously!!) because it was NEAR their food. the second night they are around it. 3rd night Baby Girl ate half and then the regular stuff. tomorrow will be a break and we will resume on night 5.
quite a few people ahve had success with this method. we have had more peaceful success with this where as coating the new stuff with the old stuff, hiding it in stuff they like more felt very 'brute force' to me. there was a great deal of resentment from my cats.
Pastafarians Unite!
Swift Tribe-
Chris- Husband, 04/30/77
Cailyn- Daughter, 07/05/99
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Mister- Black LabX, M, 08/06(?)
The Shadow Stalker- Gray Tux DSH, M, 04/04
The Mighty Hunter- Black Tux DSH, M, 04/04
Baby Girl- Tabby DMH, F, 12/03(?)
Frances- Tortie, DSH, F, 2007(?)
Sugarcatmom is right, any cat that is prone to crystals should never be on any kibble diet, flushing of the kidneys and bladder are very important.
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Jasper, male Ragdoll ?? (approx 10 yrs)
Rose semi feral, a cpietra rescue, female tabby (approx 7 yrs)
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Snowball RIP (1991-2005)
In a cat's eye, all things belong to cats.-English Proverb
While we are free to choose our actions, we are not free to choose the consequences of our actions. Stephen R. Covey
well this is good to know because Tigger had a blockage, and now recovering from crystals. He is not eating the wet, nor is he eating the dry.
He may have to go back to the vet, was diagnosed last monday, does not look to be getting better, other than not eating
"To close your eyes will not ease another's pain." ~ Chinese Proverb
We must not refuse to see with our eyes what they must endure with their bodies. ~ Gretchen Wyler
Thanks for all of your help! I forwarded this thread with all the links to my friend, and she's actually been having some success with the wet food. She followed some of the ideas from you guys and it seems to be working, and her beautiful kitty is starting to feel better.
(By the way... she's a ragdoll, I don't know why I can never remember that!)
Thanks again guys, and Rottielover, I hope yours is feeling a bit better too.
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Marlins utility man Donovan Solano tweeted a few team photos the other day, and the blog Strip Club With Stanton just discovered them. There's the serious image, which you can see by clicking here, and there's the one you see above, in which it looks like everyone was encouraged to have a little fun by mugging for the camera in his own way.
We almost can't stand the zaniness. Some make hand gestures, some point at one another, some make faces, some look down, some look up, and one dude covers his ears. Oh, and in the fourth row from the bottom, third from the left, there's catcher John Buck, who appears to be calling for a pair of upside-down fastballs.


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Think Again Before Visiting Mexico Anytime Soon: Cartel Dumps 49 Headless Bodies On A Highway!
" The headless torsos of 43 men and six women were found early Sunday along a highway between the U.S. border and the northern Mexican city of Monterrey, the latest in an escalating series of horrific mass killings among warring drug gangs here. The dead were discovered just after midnight by a military patrol, according to officials in Mexico's Nuevo Leon state. Some were in plastic garbage bags, others were scattered about in the dust, as if dropped from the back of a dump truck. All were without heads and extremities, officials said. Inside Mexico's drug war: Mexico's ongoing drug war continues to claim lives and disrupt order in the country. Scrawled on a banner left with the 49 victims was a message from the Zetas drug gang asserting responsibility for the killings, said Jorge Domene, a spokesman for the state government. The message included threats to Mexican authorities and the Zetas' main criminal rivals, the Gulf cartel and Sinaloa cartel kingpin Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman." - Washington Post
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Milton Keynes Sky Diving Daily Deals
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Ezra Levant
Rebel Commander
Ezra Levant is a human rights activist, author, TV host and dad. He is not to everyone's taste.
In 2014, Ezra was chosen as the "most irritating Canadian" by the Globe and Mail's TV critic. The Globe's readers were less discriminating, voting Ezra "the biggest name in Canadian broadcasting". In the 2014 Hill Times survey of Parliament Hill staff he was voted "talking head you'd most like to silence" by an overwhelming margin.
It's not all bad news, though. In 2009, Ezra wrote a best-selling book called Shakedown: How Our Government is Undermining Democracy in the Name of Human Rights. That book was selected by the Writer's Trust as the best Canadian political book in 25 years, though that sounds like a clerical error. Ezra went on to write other books, including Ethical Oil: The Case for Canada's Oilsands, which won the 2011 National Business Book Award, and The Enemy Within: Terror, Lies and the Whitewashing of Omar Khadr. His latest book is Groundswell: The Case for Fracking, was nominated for the 2015 National Business Book Award.
Against his will, Ezra has learned all the songs to the movie, Frozen.


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Guitar Headstock Phone Case - iPhone 6 (Grey Bumper)
$ 18.74 $ 24.99
The Joe Bonamassa Skinit Cell Phone case for iPhone is the perfect way for the blues rock fan to protect their cell phone from breaking. Hard shell case.
Calling all blues rock fan: deck out your iPhone with these stylin' Joe Bonamassa cell phone cases. They won't help you data plan, but they'll definitely make you the coolest music fan on your network.
- 2 Piece ThermoPlastic Polymer Fusion Case.
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- Printed by Skinit


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Director-General's First Official Visit to Uzbekistan
From 24 to 27 August, the Director-General of UNESCO, Irina Bokova, is on her first official visit to the Republic of Uzbekistan, on the occasion of the 9th International Music Festival "Sharq Taronalari" (Melodies of the Orient), to be held in Samarkand. The Director-General will open the Festival with the President of the Republic, Islam Karimov.
The Director-General will also take part in the opening of the International Conference on Musical Traditions of the Orient in the Context of Contemporary Culture, held with the framework of the Samarkand Festival. This will take place in the presence of the Deputy Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, Adkham Ikramov, and the Minister of Culture and Sports, Minkhojiddin Khodjimatov.
During her visit, the Director-General is expected to hold bilateral meetings with the President as well as several government officials, including the Deputy Prime Minister in charge of educational, health and social protection issues, the Chairman of the Uzbek National Commission for UNESCO, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Abdulaziz Kamilov.
While in Uzbekistan, the Director-General will visit the International Institute for Central Asian Studies, a category 2 Institute established in 1995 under the auspices of UNESCO, the "Samarkand Paper" Traditional Workshop created with UNESCO's support and the UNESCO Chair on Preservation and Management of Historic Centers at the Samarkand State Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering. She will also visit several educational and cultural institutes.
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€ 250.00
Bracelets Catherine Michiels in silk with charm Le petit Max silver and garnet.
Dimension: 18 mm.
The little Max of Catherine Michiels exists in bronze and gold. It can also be worn as a pendant on a chain
The beetle was the door most popular happiness of Ancient Egypt. It represents a new life emerging from the earth and renewal. Catherine Michiels met the Petit Max on a beach in Saint Tropez, in the south of France, where he zigzagged nonchalantly.
The one who is pictured here will be automatically addressed to you. However if you want another color, please specify 3 choice in order of preference in the space " Remark"located at the end of your order.We will always be able to satisfy at least one of your choices.
See other Catherine Michiels charms: Catherine Michiels charms
A message from LESSisRARE:
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Do you have a question about your order? You need a buying tip?
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Catherine Michiels is an accomplished jewelry designer who combines this talent with her connection to the spiritual world.
Catherine Michiels first learned the art of jewelry at the Institute of Arts and Crafts in Brussels and then studied gemology and diamond classification at the prestigious Higher School of the Diamond Council in Antwerp.
As a reiki master, Catherine Michiels' creations transcend jewelry and art. The pieces in its collections are symbols of aesthetics and spiritual awakening for a clientele that counts among them the elite of Hollywood. Catherine also expresses the true passions of her life. His nomadic journeys and his freedom of mind are present in all his achievements. Each piece symbolizes his experience and his intention.


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Soccer Style: Katy Perry Shows Love for USA and England
So what is a "California Gurl" to do if she's marrying a die-hard British soccer fan? Split the difference, of course! When USA played England in soccer's World Cup tournament on Saturday, Katy Perry was the picture of international diplomacy. Rather than choose one team as she famously did with 34-year-old Brand's favorite London club West Ham at the European MTV awards, the singer-songwriter donned a dress that was half stars and stripes and half Union Jack flag. And she called it right as the game ended in a tie, at one goal apiece. Moments after arriving at the James Corden's World Cup Live show, she jumped from the sofa to scream "America!" And then she was off her seat again, shouting "England!" She smiled and said, "It's not about football. It's just I feel very divided in general." The showbiz pair, who got engaged in January, are currently planning their wedding. Tell us: Who are you routing for in the World Cup?–Simon Perry


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Thank you for ordering your FREE digital copy of Time of Discovery Magazine, the definitive guide to Discovery Senior Living's award-winning communities and lifestyle offerings. Click here to upload your free magazine!
We would also like to invite you to tour our unique community and enjoy a complimentary lunch or dinner for you and a guest. Please contact us at your earliest convenience to schedule a visit.
Thank you and we look forward to welcoming you as a future resident.
Richard J. Hutchinson, CEO and Co-Founder
Discovery Senior Living


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We're glad you found QuitSmokeless.orgTM. You will discover that with a little help from your fellow quitters, life without the tin or pouch is very possible. Read as much as you can and become involved in the Quit Smokeless Community. You can get back to a normal life without tobacco. We are proving it here, every single day.
Think you can't quit? THINK AGAIN!
I'm Dave and like you I have battled with the Bear and about every other kind of smokeless tobacco that exists. It's now been almost 10 years since I've had any tobacco. I chewed for 8 years (I'm 34) and probably tried quitting for the last 5 of those years. I tried acupunture, the patch, gum, etc... To tell you the truth I don't know how the hell I quit! It wasn't any one thing, but the combination of motivation with circumstances made it happen.
"So how does this help me?", you may be saying. Basically, I started this page because 1) There isn't jack on the Web (or anywhere really) supporting those trying to quit this kind of tobacco addiction, and 2) I think about how much friggin' money and time I wasted on the crap and I wish someone who had been there would have told me what was up! I guess I wouldn't have listened anyway. How many times have you made bullsh-t excuses to leave your girlfriend just to slap in a wedge and sit around filling up a pop can with spit? No less than a hundred for me. But, that's just one of the problems I had. I don't think I'll get oral cancer, but they (the medical community) say it can show up even years after quitting. Fun.
Oh yeah, I haven't really stated my point. If you want to quit, eventually you will, provided you never quit trying to quit. That's a mouthful. I don't know the answer to what works best for quitting, but I think having people care about your well-being is a good start. I was fortunate that I had guy friends who wanted to see me quit as well as my girlfriend, now wife. Also, replacing that craving energy with physical activity really helped me through the withdrawal. I started running and weight lifting. Oh, and I ate sunflower seeds like a freak. I'll take a little more Sodium over cancer.
Why would we want to quit using smokeless tobacco? There are obvious reasons, and not so obvious ones. Let's review the obvious ones first:
- It can cause cancer.
- It has you under it's thumb. Why else would you drive to the gas n' sip at 3 a.m. for a tin?
- It costs too much money.
- Other people don't like it as much as you do. (Some people don't think that thick chocolately spit is cool, like I do?)
Okay we all know that it's not healthy, and that's ultimately why most of us even think about quitting. But what about the other stuff that nags at us? I'm talking about the friends, family, wife, girlfriend, partner, whoever, who keep hassling you to quit. Do we care? I guess it's hard not to. After all, the quitting thought crosses your mind a lot anyway, so their concern isn't a surprise. Unfortunately, that concern can make you retreat to the tin or pouch to contemplate the whole situation over a big fatty in your cheek or lip.
Guilt sucks. From others AND yourself. Feeling guilty is one of the less obvious reasons to quit, but it certainly is one of the strongest. On the other hand, those guilty feelings become a good thing. They keep reminding you of what you're working toward. Basically, you're here because you want to quit, and that's good.
You will quit. Not necessarily today, tomorrow, or even this year. The fact that quitting is on your mind at all indicates you have some common sense. Guilt will hassle you every so often, you'll try to quit again, and you'll succeed or you'll fail. If you're successful, you're done. If you fail, you'll try again. Someday, you will quit.
The bottom line, as I said before, is keep quitting until it works. I've seen some Web sites from guys who are really into their Kodiak or Copenhagen, or whatever and they proudly display pyramids of tins that they've dipped. That's fine, I did the same thing. But now, it just seems odd to be all fired up about a product that costs you over $1000 a year AND is hell to quit. Anyway, I have rambled on enough for now. Thanks for reading this and I hope you keep up the effort.
- The Secret of Our Success
- An Open Letter to Wives of Smokeless Tobacco Users
- Contract to Give Up
- Death Day
- Spongebob Mantra
- Reply from Jenny Kern
- What Price to Save Ourselves?
- One Thing
- I Promise
- Return for Refund or Deposit
- How Stupid Am I?
- Quit Primer
- Getting out of Dipville
- One year off chew and side effects are worth it
- Life�s Journeys � A Testimonial for Newbies
- Adversity


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In Hong Kong, you can hang your hat in modest guesthouses, youth hostels, palatial hotels, chic boutiques, and mid-range comfort – in the heart of the city or away from it all. With over 72,000 rooms in over 200 hotels, you're sure to find the perfect place for you (and your hat).
One of the joys of visiting Hong Kong is staying in one of the city's hotels, which include historic and world-famous venues, major international chains, and local brands. Most hotels are concentrated on Hong Kong Island and in Kowloon. Many offer a commanding harbour vista (but you can expect to pay more for a room with a sea view). In recent years, there have been more hotels opening in the New Territories and Outlying Islands, some of which offer a resort-type experience.
Hong Kong's guesthouses provide clean and comfortable budget accommodation, with air-conditioning and individual washrooms. To ensure a safe and enjoyable experience, please only stay at licensed guesthouses. Since 2009, under the Licensed Guesthouse Logo Scheme, all licensed guesthouses are required to display an official logo in a prominent place. You can check the full list of guesthouses licensed by the Office of the Licensing Authority under the Home Affairs Department here.
The QTS Scheme makes it easy for you to find budget accommodation that you can trust. Under the scheme administered by the Hong Kong Tourism Board, QTS Scheme-accredited visitor accommodation providers must pass stringent assessments each year to ensure that the highest possible service standards are maintained.
Youth hostels
Hong Kong has accommodation for every budget, including clean and comfortable youth hostels. Price-conscious travellers can find a room courtesy of the Hong Kong Youth Hostels Association (HKYHA). Most are located in the New Territories near to scenic areas (one is on a mountain top!) or close to hiking trails and marine parks. Thanks to Hong Kong's extensive public transport system, getting into town is no problem!
The YMCA, the YWCA, the Y-Loft and the HKYHA also offer accommodation that's more akin to a 3-star hotel than a hostel. Book online to make sure you have a place for the night!


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The Meek
Scott Mackay Roc, Apr 2001, 5.99, 336 pp. ISBN: 0451458236 In the distant future, earthlings have colonized the moon and Mars by living in burrows beneath the surface. Scientists have genetically engineered infants so that they can begin living on the planet surface. However, the scientists never expected that the �Orphans� would turn into aggressive, destructive beings. Their behavior forces the decision to transport the Orphans to the ast...


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JETS: QB coach Cavanaugh will not return next season
NEW YORK >> Matt Cavanaugh will not return as the New York Jets' quarterbacks coach after four seasons with the team.
Cavanaugh's contract was due to expire in a few weeks and he was told Monday he would not be part of Rex Ryan's staff next season. Cavanaugh was responsible for the development of Mark Sanchez, who took a step back in his fourth season and was benched late in the year.
The Daily News first reported that Cavanaugh would not be back.
In early December, Cavanaugh acknowledged that Sanchez was "inconsistent," but defended the quarterback and called him "very talented."
"I know he's getting smarter," he added. "I know he's making better decisions overall."
But it was Sanchez's lack of sound decision-making that landed him on the bench for one game after he threw four interceptions and fumbled away the final snap at Tennessee on Dec. 17. Sanchez's 52 turnovers over the last two seasons are the most in the NFL.
Cavanaugh also had the difficult task of juggling having Sanchez as the starter and the popular Tim Tebow as the backup quarterback. It was a situation Cavanaugh called "a learning experience" earlier in the season.
Cavanaugh's departure is the first of what will likely be several changes on Ryan's staff. Special teams coordinator Mike Westhoff retired, and defensive coordinator Mike Pettine turned down a contract extension earlier in the season and is reportedly garnering interest from the Buffalo Bills for a similar position.
Offensive coordinator Tony Sparano might also be out after one season following the Jets finishing 30th in overall offense. Sparano was hired last March to replace Brian Schottenheimer and to turn around an offense that struggled mightily. Instead, the former Miami Dolphins head coach wasn't able to jump-start the running game or figure out a way to use Tebow consistently.
The team has not addressed any coaching decisions since the season ended on Dec. 31, other than owner Woody Johnson saying in a statement that Ryan would return for a fifth season. Both Johnson and Ryan were scheduled to address the media on Tuesday at the team's facility in Florham Park, N.J.
New York is also searching for a new general manager after Mike Tannenbaum was fired following seven seasons in the position. San Francisco director of player personnel Tom Gamble was considered by many to be the front-runner, but he has attracted interest from several teams.
The Jets were also scheduled to speak to Marc Ross, the Giants' director of college scouting, and in-house candidate Scott Cohen, the team's assistant GM under Tannenbaum, on Monday. New York previously interviewed Atlanta director of player personnel David Caldwell.


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Holy Grail
The Holy Grail is a dish, plate, stone, or cup that is part of an important theme of Arthurian literature. According to legend, it has special powers, and is designed to provide happiness, eternal youth and food in infinite abundance.
A grail, wondrous but not explicitly holy, first appears in Perceval le Gallois, an unfinished romance by Chrétien de Troyes.[1] It is a processional salver used to serve at a feast. Chrétien's story attracted many continuators, translators and interpreters in the later 12th and early 13th centuries, including Wolfram von Eschenbach, who perceived the grail as a great precious stone that fell from the sky. The Grail legend became interwoven with legends of the Holy Chalice.[2] The connection with Joseph of Arimathea and with vessels associated with the Last Supper and crucifixion of Jesus dates from Robert de Boron's Joseph d'Arimathie (late 12th century) in which Joseph receives the Grail from an apparition of Jesus and sends it with his followers to Great Britain. Building upon this theme, later writers recounted how Joseph used the Grail to catch Christ's blood while interring him and how he founded a line of guardians to keep it safe in Britain. The legend may combine Christian lore with a Celtic myth of a cauldron endowed with special powers.
The word graal, as it is earliest spelled, comes from Old French graal or greal, cognate with Old Provençal grazal and Old Catalan gresal, meaning "a cup or bowl of earth, wood, or metal" (or other various types of vessels in different Occitan dialects).[3] The most commonly accepted etymology derives it from Latin gradalis or gradale via an earlier form, cratalis, a derivative of crater or cratus, which was, in turn, borrowed from Greek krater (κρατήρ, a large wine-mixing vessel).[3][4][5][6][7] Alternative suggestions include a derivative of cratis, a name for a type of woven basket that came to refer to a dish,[8] or a derivative of Latin gradus meaning "'by degree', 'by stages', applied to a dish brought to the table in different stages or services during a meal".[9]
The Grail was considered a bowl or dish when first described by Chrétien de Troyes. Hélinand of Froidmont described a grail as a "wide and deep saucer" (scutella lata et aliquantulum profunda); other authors had their own ideas. Robert de Boron portrayed it as the vessel of the Last Supper. The Welsh romance Peredur had no Grail per se, presenting the hero instead with a platter containing his kinsman's bloody, severed head. In Parzival, Wolfram von Eschenbach, citing the authority of a certain (probably fictional) Kyot the Provençal, claimed the Grail was a stone (called lapis exillis) that fell from Heaven, and had been the sanctuary of the neutral angels who took neither side during Lucifer's rebellion. The authors of the Vulgate Cycle used the Grail as a symbol of divine grace. Galahad, illegitimate son of Lancelot and Elaine, the world's greatest knight and the Grail Bearer at the castle of Corbenic, is destined to achieve the Grail, his spiritual purity making him a greater warrior than even his illustrious father. Galahad and the interpretation of the Grail involving him were picked up in the 15th century by Sir Thomas Malory in Le Morte d'Arthur, and remain popular today.
According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, after the cycle of Grail romances was well established, late medieval writers came up with a false etymology for sangréal, an alternative name for "Holy Grail". In Old French, san graal or san gréal means "Holy Grail" and sang réal means "royal blood"; later writers played on this pun. Since then, "Sang real" is sometimes employed to lend a medievalising air in referring to the Holy Grail. This connection with royal blood bore fruit in a modern bestseller linking many historical conspiracy theories (see below).
Beginnings in literature
Chrétien de Troyes
The Grail is first featured in Perceval, le Conte du Graal (The Story of the Grail) by Chrétien de Troyes, who claims he was working from a source book given to him by his patron, Count Philip of Flanders.[10] In this incomplete poem, dated sometime between 1180 and 1191, the object has not yet acquired the implications of holiness it would have in later works. While dining in the magical abode of the Fisher King, Perceval witnesses a wondrous procession in which youths carry magnificent objects from one chamber to another, passing before him at each course of the meal. First comes a young man carrying a bleeding lance, then two boys carrying candelabras. Finally, a beautiful young girl emerges bearing an elaborately decorated graal, or "grail".
Chrétien refers to this object not as "The Grail" but as "a grail" (un graal), showing the word was used, in its earliest literary context, as a common noun. For Chrétien a grail was a wide, somewhat deep dish or bowl, interesting because it contained not a pike, salmon, or lamprey, as the audience may have expected for such a container, but a single Mass wafer which provided sustenance for the Fisher King's crippled father. Perceval, who had been warned against talking too much, remains silent through all of this, and wakes up the next morning alone. He later learns that if he had asked the appropriate questions about what he saw, he would have healed his maimed host, much to his honour. The story of the Wounded King's mystical fasting is not unique; several saints were said to have lived without food besides communion, for instance Saint Catherine of Genoa. This may imply that Chrétien intended the Mass wafer to be the significant part of the ritual, and the Grail to be a mere prop.
Robert de Boron
Though Chrétien's account is the earliest and most influential of all Grail texts, it was in the work of Robert de Boron that the Grail truly became the "Holy Grail" and assumed the form most familiar to modern readers. In his verse romance Joseph d'Arimathie, composed between 1191 and 1202, Robert tells the story of Joseph of Arimathea acquiring the chalice of the Last Supper to collect Christ's blood upon his removal from the cross. Joseph is thrown in prison, where Christ visits him and explains the mysteries of the blessed cup. Upon his release Joseph gathers his in-laws and other followers and travels to the west, and founds a dynasty of Grail keepers that eventually includes Perceval.
Other early literature
After this point, Grail literature divides into two classes. The first concerns King Arthur's knights visiting the Grail castle or questing after the object. The second concerns the Grail's history in the time of Joseph of Arimathea.
The nine most important works from the first group are:
- The Perceval of Chrétien de Troyes.
- Four continuations of Chrétien's poem, by authors of differing vision and talent, designed to bring the story to a close.
- The German Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach, which adapted at least the holiness of Robert's Grail into the framework of Chrétien's story.
- The Didot Perceval, named after the manuscript's former owner, and purportedly a prosification of Robert de Boron's sequel to Joseph d'Arimathie.
- The Welsh romance Peredur, generally included in the Mabinogion, likely at least indirectly founded on Chrétien's poem but including very striking differences from it, preserving as it does elements of pre-Christian traditions such as the Celtic cult of the head.
- Perlesvaus, called the "least canonical" Grail romance because of its very different character.
- The German Diu Crône (The Crown), in which Gawain, rather than Perceval, achieves the Grail.
- The Lancelot section of the vast Vulgate Cycle, which introduces the new Grail hero, Galahad.
- The Queste del Saint Graal, another part of the Vulgate Cycle, concerning the adventures of Galahad and his achievement of the Grail.
Of the second class there are:
- Robert de Boron's Joseph d'Arimathie,
- The Estoire del Saint Graal, the first part of the Vulgate Cycle (but written after Lancelot and the Queste), based on Robert's tale but expanding it greatly with many new details.
- Verses by Rigaut de Barbezieux, a late 12th or early 13th century[11] Provençal troubador, where mention is made of Perceval, the lance, and the Grail ("Like Perceval when he lived, who stood amazed in contemplation, so that he was quite unable to ask what purpose the lance and grail served" - "Attressi con Persavaus el temps que vivia, que s'esbait d'esgarder tant qu'anc non saup demandar de que servia la lansa ni-l grazaus"[12]).
Early forms
There are two veins of thought concerning the Grail's origin. The first, championed by Roger Sherman Loomis, Alfred Nutt, and Jessie Weston, holds that it derived from early Celtic myth and folklore. Loomis traced a number of parallels between Medieval Welsh literature and Irish material and the Grail romances, including similarities between the Mabinogion's Bran the Blessed and the Arthurian Fisher King, and between Bran's life-restoring cauldron and the Grail. On the other hand, some scholars believe the Grail began as a purely Christian symbol. For example, Joseph Goering of the University of Toronto has identified sources for Grail imagery in 12th century wall paintings from churches in the Catalan Pyrenees (now mostly removed to the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain), which present unique iconic images of the Virgin Mary holding a bowl that radiates tongues of fire, images that predate the first literary account by Chrétien de Troyes. Goering argues that they were the original inspiration for the Grail legend.[13][14]
Another recent theory holds that the earliest stories that cast the Grail in a Christian light were meant to promote the Roman Catholic sacrament of the Holy Communion. Although the practice of Holy Communion was first alluded to in the Christian Bible and defined by theologians in the 1st centuries AD, it was around the time of the appearance of the first Christianised Grail literature that the Roman church was beginning to add more ceremony and mysticism around this particular sacrament. Thus, the first Grail stories may have been celebrations of a renewal in this traditional sacrament.[15] This theory has some basis in the fact that the Grail legends are a phenomenon of the Western church.
In several articles, Daniel Scavone, professor Emeritus of history at the University of Southern Indiana, puts forward a hypothesis which identifies the Shroud of Turin as the real object that inspires the romances of the Holy Grail.[16]
Most scholars today have accepted that both Christian and Celtic traditions contributed to the legend's development, though many of the early Celtic-based arguments are largely discredited (Loomis himself came to reject much of Weston and Nutt's work). The general view is that the central theme of the Grail is Christian, even when not explicitly religious, but that much of the setting and imagery of the early romances is drawn from Celtic material.
Later legend
Belief in the Grail and interest in its potential whereabouts has never ceased. Ownership has been attributed to various groups (including the Knights Templar, probably because they were at the peak of their influence around the time that Grail stories started circulating in the 12th and 13th centuries).
There are cups claimed to be the Grail in several churches, for instance the O Cebreiro church in Galicia (Spain), or the Saint Mary of Valencia Cathedral, which contains an artifact, the Valencia Chalice, supposedly taken by Saint Peter to Rome in the 1st century, and then to Huesca in Spain by Saint Lawrence in the 3rd century. According to legend, the monastery of San Juan de la Peña, located at the south-west of Jaca, in the province of Huesca, Spain, protected the chalice of the Last Supper from the Islamic invaders of the Iberian Peninsula. Antonio Beltrán says the artifact is a 1st-century Middle Eastern stone vessel, possibly from Antioch, Syria (now Turkey); its history can be traced to the 11th century, and it now rests atop an ornate stem and base, made in the Medieval era of alabaster, gold, and gemstones. It was the official papal chalice for many popes, and has been used by many others, most recently by Pope Benedict XVI, on July 9, 2006.[17] The emerald chalice at Genoa,[18] which was obtained during the Crusades at Caesarea Maritima at great cost, has been less championed as the Holy Grail since an accident on the road, while it was being returned from Paris after the fall of Napoleon, revealed that the emerald was green glass.
In Wolfram von Eschenbach's telling, the Grail was kept safe at the castle of Munsalvaesche (mons salvationis), entrusted to Titurel, the first Grail King. Some, not least the Benedictine monks of Montserrat, have identified the castle with the real sanctuary of Montserrat in Catalonia, Spain. Other stories claim that the Grail is buried beneath Rosslyn Chapel or lies deep in the spring at Glastonbury Tor. Still other stories claim that a secret line of hereditary protectors keep the Grail, or that it was hidden by the Templars in Oak Island, Nova Scotia's famous "Money Pit", while local folklore in Accokeek, Maryland says that it was brought to the town by a closeted priest aboard Captain John Smith's ship. Turn-of-the-century accounts state that Irish partisans of the Clan Dhuir (O'Dwyer, Dwyer) transported the Grail to the United States during the 19th Century and the Grail was kept by their descendants in secrecy in a small abbey in the upper-Northwest (now believed to be Southern Minnesota).[19]
In March 2014, Margarita Torres and José Ortega del Río presented in Leon, Spain, a co-written book, Los Reyes del Grial (The Kings of the Grail), that described how a Spanish Arabist and historian, Doctor Gustavo Turienzo, found two medieval Egyptian documents in Cairo, written in Arabic, suggesting that the Holy Grail had been taken by Egyptian troops following the invasion of Jerusalem and the looting of the Holy Sepulcher. This challis was then given by the Emir of Egypt to the Emir of Denia, who in turn gave it to the Kings of Leon in order for them to spare his city from the upcoming Christian invasion (Reconquista). This took place in the 11th century.[20] They claim the Chalice of Doña Urraca at the Basilica of San Isidoro was very early on believed to be the Holy Grail.[21]
Modern interpretations
The story of the Grail and of the quest to find it became increasingly popular in the 19th century, referred to in literature such as Alfred Tennyson's Arthurian cycle the Idylls of the King. A sexualised interpretation of the grail, now identified with female genitals, appeared in 1870 in Hargrave Jennings' book The Rosicrucians, Their Rites and Mysteries.[22] The combination of hushed reverence, chromatic harmonies and sexualized imagery in Richard Wagner's late opera Parsifal, premiered in 1882, developed this theme, associating the grail – now periodically producing blood – directly with female fertility.[23] The high seriousness of the subject was also epitomized in Dante Gabriel Rossetti's painting (illustrated), in which a woman modeled by Alexa Wilding holds the Grail with one hand, while adopting a gesture of blessing with the other.
A major mural series depicting the Quest for the Holy Grail was done by the artist Edwin Austin Abbey during the first decade of the 20th century for the Boston Public Library. Other artists, including George Frederic Watts and William Dyce, also portrayed grail subjects.
The Grail later appeared in movies; it debuted in a silent Parsifal. In The Light of Faith (1922), Lon Chaney attempted to steal it. The Silver Chalice, a novel about the Grail by Thomas B. Costain, was made into a 1954 movie. Lancelot du Lac (1974) was made by Robert Bresson. Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) (adapted in 2004 as the stage production Spamalot) was a comedic adaptation. John Boorman, in his film Excalibur, attempted to restore a more traditional heroic representation of an Arthurian tale, in which the Grail is revealed as a mystical means to revitalise Arthur and the barren land to which his depressive sickness is connected. Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and The Fisher King are more recent adoptions.
The Grail has been used as a theme in fantasy, historical fiction and science fiction; a quest for the Grail appears in Bernard Cornwell's series of books The Grail Quest, set during The Hundred Years War. Michael Moorcock's fantasy novel The War Hound and the World's Pain depicts a supernatural Grail quest set in the era of the Thirty Years' War. Marion Zimmer Bradley's The Mists of Avalon presents the Grail as a symbol of water, part of a set of objects representing the four classical elements. The Grail features heavily in the novels of Peter David's Knight trilogy, which depict King Arthur reappearing in modern-day New York City. The grail is central in many modern Arthurian works, including Charles Williams's novel War in Heaven and his two collections of poems about Taliessin, Taliessin Through Logres and Region of the Summer Stars, and in feminist author Rosalind Miles' Child of the Holy Grail. The Grail also features heavily in Umberto Eco's 2000 novel Baudolino. In Fate/stay night, a visual novel by Type-Moon, as well as its succeeding adaptations, the Holy Grail is an omnipotent magical item capable of granting wishes and even summoning heroes from the past, present or future to make them fight in what is known as the Holy Grail War, a battle among magi in the series in order to use the Grail's power of granting one wish to the victor.
Science fiction has taken the Quest into interstellar space, figuratively in Samuel R. Delany's 1968 novel Nova, and literally on the television shows Babylon 5 and Stargate SG-1 (as the "Sangraal"). While the use of the term 'grail' in the Riverworld series by Philip Jose Farmer for the meal buckets provided to each of the resurrectees is a reference to the Holy Grail's reputed ability to grant immortality, the Grail itself does not play any role in the storyline.
The Grail has also been treated in works of non-fiction, which generally seek to interpret its meaning in novel ways. Psychologists Emma Jung and Marie-Louise von Franz used analytical psychology to interpret the Grail as a series of symbols in their book The Grail Legend.[24] This expanded on interpretations by Carl Jung, which were later invoked by Joseph Campbell.[24]
Other works attempt to connect the Grail to conspiracy theories and esoteric traditions. In The Sign and the Seal, Graham Hancock asserts that the Grail story is a coded description of the Ark of the Covenant.[25] For the authors of Holy Blood, Holy Grail, who claim that Jesus survived the cross to father children with Mary Magdalene, the Grail is a reference to the Merovingian lineage as the receptacle of Jesus' bloodline.[26][27]
Such theories have been the inspiration for a number of popular modern fiction novels. The best known is Dan Brown's bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code, which, like Holy Blood, Holy Grail, is based on the idea that the real Grail is not a cup but the womb and later the earthly remains of Mary Magdalene (again cast as Jesus' wife), plus a set of ancient documents claimed to tell the true story of Jesus, his teachings and descendants. In Brown's novel, it is hinted that this Grail was long buried beneath Rosslyn Chapel in Scotland, but that in recent decades its guardians had it relocated to a secret chamber embedded in the floor beneath the Inverted Pyramid in the entrance of the Louvre Museum.
See also
- Cornucopia (mythical vessels with magical powers)
- Cup of Jamshid
- Chalice of Doña Urraca
- Holy Chalice
- Holyrood (cross)
- Holy Prepuce
- Holy Sponge
- Mythological objects (list)
- Nail (relic)
- Nanteos Cup
- Relic
- Relics attributed to Jesus
- Sampo
- Sandals of Jesus Christ
- Shroud of Turin
- Titulus Crucis
- Tree of Jesse
- True cross
- ↑ Loomis, Roger Sherman (1991). The Grail: From Celtic Myth to Christian Symbol. Princeton. ISBN 0-691-02075-2 [1]
- ↑ BBC History Gallery, Holy Grail
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Diez, Friedrich. An etymological dictionary of the Romance languages, Williams and Norgate, 1864, p. 236.
- ↑ Nitze, William A. Concerning the Word Graal, Greal, Modern Philology, Vol. 13, No. 11 (Mar., 1916), pp. 681-684 .
- ↑ Jung, Emma and von Franz, Marie-Louise. The Grail Legend, Princeton University Press, 1998, pp. 116-117.
- ↑ Skeat, Walter William. Joseph of Arimathie, Pub. for the Early English Text Society, by N. Trübner & Co., 1871, pp. xxxvi-xxxvii
- ↑ Mueller, Eduard. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der englischen Sprache: A-K, chettler, 1865, p. 461.
- ↑ Barber, Richard. The Holy Grail: imagination and belief, Harvard University Press, 2004, p. 93.
- ↑ Richard O'Gorman , "Grail" in Norris J. Lacy, The Arthurian Encyclopedia, 1986
- ↑ According a french scholar, the book given by Philip I may be Ovid's The Metamorphoses, in POZ #76(in french)
- ↑ Barber, Richard. The Holy Grail: imagination and belief, Harvard University Press, 2004, p 418
- ↑ Sayce, Olive. Exemplary comparison from Homer to Petrarch, DS Brewer, 2008, p. 143.
- ↑ Goering, Joseph (2005). The Virgin and the Grail: Origins of a Legend. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10661-0. [2]
- ↑ Rynor, Micah (October 20, 2005). "Holy Grail legend may be tied to paintings". www.news.utoronto.ca.
- ↑ Barber, Richard (2004). The Holy Grail: Imagination and Belief, Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01390-5. [3]
- ↑ D. Scavone: "Joseph of Arimathea, the Holy Grail, and the Edessa Icon," Arthuriana vol. 9, no. 4, 3-31 (Winter 1999) (Article and abstract) ;Scavone, "British King Lucius, the Grail, and Joseph of Arimathea: The Question of Byzantine Origins.", Publications of the Medieval Association of the Midwest 10 (2003): 101-42, vol. 10, 101-142 (2003).
- ↑ Glatz, Carol (July 10, 2006). "At Mass in Valencia, pope uses what tradition says is Holy Grail". Catholic News.
- ↑ "The great church is called San Lorenzo, and it is very remarkable, particularly the porch. They keep in it the Holy Grail, which is made of a single emerald and is indeed a marvellous relic," observed Pedro Tafur, who was there in 1436 Pedro Tafur, Andanças e viajes.
- ↑ Wagner, Wilhelm, Romance and Epics of Our Northern Ancestors, Norse, Celt and Teuton, Norroena Society Publisher, New York, 1906.
- ↑ Fredericks, Bob (March 31, 2014). "Historians claim to have recovered Holy Grail". nypost.com. Retrieved 2014-03-31.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ " The Holy Grail in Leon"
- ↑ Writing of the Order of the Garter ceremonies Jennings writes on page 323:- The whole refers to King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table; set round as sentinels ('in lodge') of the Sangreal, or Holy Graal--the 'Sacrifice Mysterious', or 'Eucharist'. But how is all this magic and sacred in the estimate of the Rosicrucians?' an inquirer will very naturally ask. The answer to all this is very, ample and satisfactory; but particulars must be left to the sagacity of the querist himself, because propriety does not admit of explanation. Suffice it to say, that it is one of the most curious and wonderful subjects which has occupied the attention of antiquaries. That archaeological puzzle, the 'Round Table of King Arthur', is a perfect display of this whole subject of the origin of the 'Garter'; it springs directly from it, being the same object as that enclosed by the mythic garter, 'garder', or 'girther.'
- ↑ Donington, Robert (1963). Wagner's "Ring" and its Symbols: the Music and the Myth. Faber
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Barber, 248–252.
- ↑ Hancock, Graham (1992). The Sign and the Seal: The Quest for the Lost Ark of the Covenant. New York: Crown. ISBN 0517578131.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Baigent, Michael; Leigh, Richard; Lincoln, Henry (1983). Holy Blood, Holy Grail. New York: Dell. ISBN 0-440-13648-2
- ↑ Juliette Wood, "The Holy Grail: From Romance Motif to Modern Genre", Folklore, Vol. 111, No. 2. (October 2000), pp. 169-190.
External links
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: Holy Grail
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Holy Grail.
- Holy Grail on In Our Time at the BBC. (listen now)
- The Holy Grail at the Camelot Project
- The Holy Grail at the Catholic Encyclopedia
- The Holy Grail today in Valencia Cathedral
- (French) XVth century Old French Estoire del saint Graal manuscript BNF fr. 113 Bibliothèque Nationale de France, selection of illuminated folios, Modern French Translation, Commentaries.


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Removing replica bags, watches, jewelry and other replica products for sale online is of high priority at CHANEL.
The internet is being constantly monitored for up-to-the-minute replica sales signals which helps CHANEL to distinguish online replica store websites from legitimate ones. Any retail, wholesale, outlet, or auction websites attempting to sell counterfeit merchandise can expect to have legal action be promptly taken, including but not limited to filing lawsuits and alerting law enforcement.
To those who might be contemplating buying a replica handbag, watch or jewelry, know that fakes are best avoided. Buying fakes might put money, sensitive personal data, and financial information at risk. Replica traffickers are often associated with larger crime networks engaged in a variety of numerous crimes, so it is recommended that replicas never be purchased.
To replica sellers, participating in the business of selling online replica Chanel items will likely result in immediate legal action.


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Ultrawealthy investors favor commodities and real estate, according to an Institute for Private Investors survey released last week.
Forty-five percent of respondents to the 13th annual Family Performance Tracking survey increased their allocation to commodities, 31% to real estate and 22% to private equity, IPI said in a statement.
Investors also increased their municipal holdings, but cut back their investment in hedge funds and funds of hedge funds.
The two-part IPI survey examines the expectations, returns and asset allocations of IPI member families. Data released earlier this year looked at families' anticipated investment strategies. This follow-up survey, completed in April, measured wealthy investors' actual allocation and performance.
In other findings from the April survey:
- 70% of families said they were worried about geopolitical risk and domestic policy shifts.
- 48% were concerned about finding opportunities for yield.
- 62% of respondents reported employing an advisor for more than 50% of their wealth, an all-time high from past surveys.
- About half of the families said they were "staying the course" with their investments, rather than trying to time the market.
- Families' returns for 2011 varied from -10% to +25% net of fees, with the majority reporting returns between -2.2% and +2.3% net of fees. The five-year average was +2.4% net of fees.
- Nearly two-thirds of families who sought principal protection reported positive returns in 2011, while slightly less than half of those who cited growth as their objective saw positive returns.
IPI, a subsidiary of Campden Wealth, serves some 345 ultrahigh-net-worth families across the country with minimum assets of $30 million. Fifty-seven families responded to the survey, conducted via member questionnaires.


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Wizards snap Knicks' five-game winning streak
Recommended Video:
WASHINGTON (AP) -- John Wall had 21 points and nine assists, Trevor Ariza scored 20 points and the Washington Wizards broke the New York Knicks' five-game winning streak with a 106-96 victory on Wednesday night.
The Wizards also snapped New York's 10-game winning streak over them.
Wall, playing in front of his college coach, John Calipari, and Hall of Famer Magic Johnson, scored 10 points in the fourth quarter as Washington took control.
Ariza, who missed 17 games with a left calf injury earlier this season, has played solidly and more often in recent games, and his four-point play to start the fourth quarter gave the Wizards a 74-73 lead. His 3-pointer pushed Washington's advantage to 88-80 with 8:36 to play.
New York never got closer than 97-92 with 2:57 to play and the Wizards pulled away at the end.
Martel Webster added 19 for Washington, which has won just 13 games, but has beaten five of the six NBA division leaders.
Carmelo Anthony led the Knicks with 31 points. Amare Stoudemire scored 19 and Raymond Felton had 17.
It was a highly entertaining first quarter with both teams shooting over 50 percent and only five combined fouls. Washington raced to a 16-5 lead in the first 4 1/2 minutes, but New York led 29-28 after one.
The second quarter was a much slower-paced one, with neither team taking more than a four-point lead and the Wizards scoring the last six points of the half to lead 51-48 at the break.
In the third, Washington took a seven-point lead early in the quarter, but the Knicks scored nine straight points near the end and led 73-70 going to the fourth.
NOTES: New York coach Mike Woodson told reporters at Wednesday's shootaround that F Rasheed Wallace, who hasn't played since Dec. 13 with a sore left foot, should return to practice after the All-Star break. ... Washington G Bradley Beal missed his fifth straight game with a sprained right wrist. ... Wall and Stoudemire were assessed technical fouls for pushing each other late in the first half. ... New York C Tyson Chandler had 13 rebounds. He had 20 in each of his previous three games, tying a team record.


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How do you explain the sovereign debt crisis in Europe and how it affects the world?
If you're Mark Fiore, you liken it to a disease and create an animated commercial for a fictional drug, ContagionEx, to treat it.
Fiore is a Pulitzer Prize-winning political cartoonist-turned-political animator, who tackles all kinds of subjects, from the sovereign debt crisis to the housing crisis and GOP candidate Herman Cain's famous 9-9-9 tax proposal.
Using a drug ad to tackle a subject like sovereign debt was a no-brainer.
"Drug ads are like a caricature of themselves!" Fiore said. "The actual advertisement is about 5 seconds long and all of the side effects and potential evils go on for like 50 seconds."
ContagionEx, Fiore said, is like a cross between a drug used to treat Sexually Transmitted Diseases and those to treat the common cold. It should be used to treat STDs — "Sovereign Transmitted Debts."
"If you think you've been exposed to contagious sovereign infection, then ContagionEx is for you!" the voice-over guy says, as the animation opens with rolling green hills and trees and a fluttering butterfly — much like an allergy-medicine commercial.
Fiore says he aims to spark a dialogue with his work. "I'm trying to wade through this material and make a little more sense of it. Make it a little more accessible to people."
And yet, his work is still smart and amusing to those who understand the subjects.
"Ask your central banker if ContagionEx is right for you!" the announcer says in that sovereign debt cartoon. "In German clinical trials, some bankers have experienced delusions and hallucinations and in some cases, ContagionEx may destroy the very monetary union it is attempting to save."
Fiore said he gets his ideas from things that he himself doesn't get.
"I would read articles about credit-default swaps and different devices out there — and I was reading as if I knew what I was reading," he quipped.
And thus, frog-backed securities were born.
In a piece called, "Hopping Mad,"Fiore explains the financial crisis using neighborhood kids, frogs and rabbit's feet.
"Look at it this way: Patty buys a frog with a loan from Tommy. Tommy can wait around for years while Patty's frog money trickles in or he can sell Patty's frog loan to Billy, who will give him all the money at once. Tommy likes that. Billy buys lots of frog loans around the neighborhood and sells them to rich kids who have extra money," the voice-over guy explains.
Then it tilts down the slope of the absurd (much like the crisis itself) and along comes a new kid, Davy, who offers to make Billy's frog-backed securities worth a lot more if Billy rubs his magic rabbit's foot – at a quarter a pop. Billy agrees and the next thing you know, all the kids selling frog-backed securities in the neighborhood are throwing their quarters at Davy for a chance at that rabbit's foot and Davy becomes rich. Of course, the market becomes saturated and the whole thing falls apart, prompting a few final questions in that deep announcer voice: "Is this really how the economy works? Was Billy really that stupid? Who will pay for Davy's deception?"
And the answers are —
"Yes, yes and YOU!"
But wait! Don't answer yet. You also get this bonus cartoon on the Super Committee. POW! KABLAM! Wha wa wa …
More From CNBC.com:
Questions? Comments? Email email@example.com or drop a line in the comment box below.
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One of the books that have been helpful in learning about my downeast ancestors is The Narrative of the town of Machias. This book was written by George Washington Drisko. It was published in Machias, Me in 1904 by the Press of the Republican. On pages 425 and 426 is the genealogy of Foss Family. This book can be downloaded from Google Books. Here is the link to the book.
Below is the full text about Benjamin Foss from the genealogy section of the book. As noted in a previous post, Benjamin's first wife was Sarah Mitchell. Benjamin and Sarah had their marriage recorded in the church records from Scarborough, Maine.
Benjamin Foss first comer to Machias, m. Sarah Getchell; m. 2nd Hannah Miller; children: Sally, Mary, Benjamin, Joseph, Eunice, Dorcas, Israel, Wm., Dennis, Mehitable, Hannah, Edward, Fanny, Margaret, Betsey, Stephen, Louisa, Luther, Allen.
Sally m Benj. Blyther; children: Thomas, Benjamin, Wm., Polly, Hannah, Sarah.
Mary m. Noah Mitchell, moved to Scarboro.
Benjamin m. Anna Miller; children: Jane, Deborah, Samuel, George, Wm., James, Eliza, Francis, Salome.
Joseph m. Ruth Fogg; children: Keziah, Sally, Lydia, Abagail, Joseph, Rufus.
Eunice m. London Atus; children: Betsey, Louisa, George, Patience, Eunice, John, Moses, Susanna, Nathaniel, Sophronia.
Dorcas m. Edward Clark; m. 2nd Charles Smith.
Israel m. Betsey Connors; children: Charles, Betsey, Mary, James, John, Albert, Lucius, Caroline, Lucy, Henry.
Wm. M. Lydia Flynn; children: Rebecca, William, Lucy, Rufus, Geo., Nancy
Dennis m. Lydia Hall; children: Mercy, Thomas, John, David, Lewis, Sarah, Levi, Jacob, Isaac.
Mehitable m. Robert West.
Hannah m. Amby Nash.
Edward m. Caroline Bowers; children: Mary, George, Caroline, Lavina, John W., Lizzie, Samuel, Charles F.
Fannie m. John Roberts; children: Hannah, Margaret, Wm., Hiram, Silas, Josiah, Mehitable, Hepzibah, Eliza.
Betsey m. Frank Smith; children: Marjory, David, Benjamin, James.
Stephen m. Eleanor Barney.
Louisa m. James Foss; children: Wm. A., Hannah, Lydia, Jacob L., James, Laura, Tahphenas, Margaret.
Charles Foss m. Mary C. Bowers, April 20, 1827; children: Amanda, Charles, Mary. Amanda d. young. Charles m. Eliza A Foss.
Mary d. unmarried.
Mary of Charles d. 1831; m. 2nd. Sarah Davis; children: Amanda, Melvina, John Q. A., Israel P., Emery C., James, Louisiana B., Franklin, Joseph, Izora.
Charles d. 1868, at 34 years.
Melvina m. John G. Richards. She d. in 1884.
Israel P. m. Aphia Knight; children: Linnie, Edgar, Bertha, Eva, Amelia, Merton. Aphia d. 1876. Israel m. 2nd. Leoniece H. Kilton children: Virgil, Ernest, Clifford, Edith, Mildred.
Emery m. Phebe J. Bryant children: Albert, Almeda, Willis, Alton, Mabel, Evalena, Thomas. James d. unmarried.
Louisianna B. m. Lewis Hall.
Franklin d. 1864.
Joseph W. m. Sarah Johnson children: Darrell Chester, Perley, Cleveland.
Izora m. Edgar Knight.
Drisko, G. W. (1904). Narrative of the town of Machias, the old and the new, the early and late. Retrieved October 10, 2010, from http://books.google.com/books?id=gTQw9S1THV8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=narrative of the town of machias&hl=en&ei=j8OxTJzEJoG78garwNmhCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false


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20% off purchases of $100 promo code: TWENTY
This is an original 1962 lithograph of the original linocut by Pablo Picasso (with date, top right corner), created with one block: black, brown. This original lithograph is from the rare numbered collection, registered as 472/520. This number will recorded on the certificate accompanying the lithograph. Numeric registration in 1962 was 885 and legal registration was 29.632. First edition production. Copyrighted and registered in 1962 and released in February 1963.
Period Paper has acquired a large collection of original lithographs of linoleum cuts (linocuts) by Pablo Picasso. Picasso worked in this medium extensively from 1958 to 1961. The Galerie Louise Leiris, Paris loaned Picasso's original linocuts for the creation of these lithographs. During this production, an additional 50 lithographs were created in large format and were hand-signed by Picasso and which can be found online priced between $26,000 and $180,000 per linocut. Only a rare few of these smaller lithographs were hand-signed by Picasso. The items offered here are the lithographs most sought after by collectors, second only to the hand-signed group of 50. They are extraordinary in their creation, detail, and condition. They are regarded unconditionally as fine art and consistently appreciate in value.
PLEASE NOTE: These are the original 1962 linocuts and not the later reissues of the 1962 collection or those from 1988.
This piece was illustrated by Picasso, Pablo.
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) was a Spanish painter, stage designer, and sculptor. An incredibly talented man, he tried his hand at many different artistic styles throughout his life, including realism, classicism and surrealism; however he is most remembered for being a co-pioneer of cubism with French artist Georges Braque.


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Retiree health care costs could drive Pontiac into bankruptcy WITH VIDEO
PONTIAC -- July 1, 2013.
That's when a structural budget deficit caused by $180 million in future retiree health care costs will rear its ugly head again and threaten to drive Pontiac into bankruptcy, according to the city's emergency financial manager, mayor and finance director.
Days after voters repealed Michigan's emergency manager law and Pontiac voters overwhelmingly rejected a millage to pay for retiree health care, city officials are proposing the privatization of a city pension plan that's 150 percent funded, then taking the leftover 50 percent and placing it in a trust account earmarked for retiree health care.
Watch a report on Pontiac's financial status on today's News at Noon.
One municipal finance expert said it's a groundbreaking idea.
"I have never seen, in my memory, a situation where a (pension) issuer is trying to do it retroactively: Taking existing pension benefits and privatizing (them); I have not seen it. It's an interesting idea," said Dick Larkin, director of credit analysis at the Iselin, N.J.-based investment firm HJ Sims. Larkin is the former chief municipal rating officer at Standard & Poor's.
Mayor Leon Jukowski said the city has pension obligations to about 1,000 retirees. Current city employees are on a defined contribution plan, so the city's pension plans are "closed," meaning no employees will join them in the future.
"We think that we have more money than we need to cover those obligations, so we (could) go into the market and buy an annuity equal to the retirement benefit due for every person who has a benefit coming. If we do that, we set them all up with an annuity that covers their retirement obligation, (and) there's money left over that the city can use to cover retiree health care," the mayor said.
Emergency Financial Manager Lou Schimmel said: "If they don't eliminate retiree health care or (go through) with the privatization plan ... the only option left for this city is bankruptcy."
Finance Director John Naglick said the conversion of pensions to an annuity is known as "de-risking."
"Our board is managing a $424 million fund. Yesterday, that fund probably lost 2 1/2 to 3 percent of its value, so we lost $12 million" when the stock market dropped on Wednesday, he said.
"That means you're at risk: We've got $424 million riding on the market and every year, we pull money out of our $424 million to cover these retirees' benefits. De-risking would say, 'Geez, why take a chance?' If you're overfunded, why don't you de-risk ... take this money out of the market, go to a big insurance company, like Prudential or MetLife, and say, we've got 1,118 beneficiaries. We'd like to buy a contract from you; you make the payment to those people," Naglick said.
Municipal finance expert Larkin said pensioners might be scared by the proposal.
"If you could do it on a risk-free basis and (a) pensioner is going to get the same payments as the city promised, I would think the pensioners would not be put at risk by doing this," he said.
"Both municipal bankruptcies and bond defaults by cities are very, very rare," Larkin said. However, the analyst said three California cities have filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy protection this year, most recently San Bernardino.
"I think they're saying, we've been trying to manage our finances, things went against what we thought was going to happen, and I think they're just throwing up their hands," Larkin said of the bankrupt cities.
"In my experience ... cities do everything they can to avoid municipal bankruptcy," he said.
Pontiac's deficit was resolved this year by proceeds from a recently closed $55 million deal to sell excess capacity in the city's wastewater system to the Oakland County Water Resources Commission, but beyond 2012, the cost of health care for retired employees creates a $6 million annual budget deficit.
Several lawsuits have been filed against the city over missed annual payments to its health care VEBA's, or Voluntary Employee Benefit Associations.
On Tuesday, voters turned down a 6.5 mill tax increase floated by Schimmel to pay for retiree health care costs.
Of those who voted, 78.67 percent voted "no" on the millage proposal and 21.33 percent voted "yes." If approved, the millage would have collected an estimated $5.1 million in its first year.
"I had to explore every avenue possible to fund retiree health care," Schimmel said.
"I certainly thought it would fail, but I didn't want to be in a position where someone would say, 'Well, you never even gave us a chance to vote on it.'"
Schimmel compared the concept of using pension money for health care to this fall's wastewater deal with Oakland County.
"How can I use this overfunding to help Pontiac's problem?" he said. "There is a way, and I would have done it, had I had enough time under Public Act 4. I can't do it now with Public Act 4 gone."
The emergency manager law was suspended on Aug. 8 when Proposal 1 was placed on the ballot at the direction of the Michigan Supreme Court, and repealed when a majority of statewide voters cast a "no" vote on the proposal on Tuesday. Schimmel is working under Public Act 4's predecessor, Public Act 72 of 1990. There is a pending lawsuit against the state challenging the older law's revival.
Schimmel said the long-term health care obligation is "the last piece of the puzzle that has to be solved" to right Pontiac's finances, which have been under state control since 2009.
Mayor Jukowski said dealing with the health care liability is the path back to local control.
"The best proof that we can get that this city is capable of governing itself, and doesn't need Mr. Schimmel or any other emergency financial manager or emergency manager, is for the mayor and council and retirement board to get together and do this," he said.
Contact staff writer Dustin Blitchok at 248-745-4685 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @SincerelyDustin.


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20 Times More Japanese Earthquakes in the 6 Months Following March 2011 than in the Previous 9 YEARS … Quake May Have "Awakened" Fukushima Fault
We have extensively documented the fact that engineers knew that Fukushima was built in an area which was highly-susceptible to giant earthquakes, and that it would fail in a large earthquake.
Unfortunately, Pandora's Box may now have been opened.
Specifically, Japanese scientists have published a scientific paper in European Geosciences Union's journal Solid Earth saying that the 9.0 earthquake last March has apparently "awakened" the Fukushima earthquake fault, making it likely that a large earthquake will occur this year right near the stricken nuclear complex.
Scientists studying readings from Japanese seismic sensors have determined that there have been 20 times more quakes in the 6 months after March 2011 than in previous 9 years.
As AFP notes:
The picture points to a low-activity fault that was jolted furiously into life by the big quake.
The seismic tomography also says that after March 11, the Iwaki fault suffered a dramatic change in the direction of stress from the overriding Okhotsk plate.
A shock change in horizontal thrust, helped by the weakening effect of the ascending fluids [which act like a lubricant], are what made this previously untroublesome fault to rip open, they theorise.
The worry is that something similar could happen at Fukushima because it shares a similar subterranean topography, although such an event is impossible to pinpoint in time, they say.
"There are a few active faults in the nuclear power plant area, and our results show the existence of similar structural anomalies under both the Iwaki and the Fukushima Daiichi areas," Zhao said in a press release.
"Given that a large earthquake occurred in Iwaki not long ago, we think it is possible for a similarly strong earthquake to happen in Fukushima."
Here is a graphic from the report:
The study area is indicated by a black box. The purple star shows the epicenter of the March 2011 earthquake, the red star the epicenter of the recent 7.0 Iwaki earthquake, the red square shows the Fukushima nuclear complex, and the black triangles indicate active volcanoes.
Scientists say that there is a 70% chance of a magnitude 7.0 earthquake hitting Fukushima this year, and a 98% chance within the next 3 years.
The Biggest Danger: The Collapse of the Fuel Pools at Reactor 4
Given that nuclear expert Arnie Gundersen says that an earthquake of 7.0 or larger could cause the entire fuel pool structure collapse, it is urgent that everything humanly possible is done to stabilize the structure housing the fuel pools at reactor number 4.
Tepco is doing some construction at the building … it is a race against time under very difficult circumstances, and hopefully Tepco will win.
As AP points out:
The structural integrity of the damaged Unit 4 reactor building has long been a major concern among experts because a collapse of its spent fuel cooling pool could cause a disaster worse than the three reactor meltdowns.
See this for background on why the fuel pools are so dangerous.
Gundersen (who used to build spent fuel pools) explains that there is no protection surrounding the radioactive fuel in the pools. He warns that – if the fuel pools at reactor 4 collapse due to an earthquake – people should get out of Japan, and residents of the West Coast of America and Canada should shut all of their windows and stay inside for a while.
The fuel pool number 4 is apparently not in great shape, and there have already been countless earthquakes near the Fukushima region since the 9.0 earthquake last March.


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IR - Extending an IR receiver
This article describes how to extend IR reception using do-it-yourself (DIY) parts, a Hauppauge PVR-350 (or similar) TV tuner with IR remote control, retail products and commercial equipment.
Tip: An RF Remote can be used instead of an IR remote removing the need to extend an IR receiver in the first place (eg., the ATI Remote Wonder)
- 1 Applications for extending an IR receiver
- 2 Overview of IR recievers
- 3 Wiring
- 4 Types of IR detectors
- 5 Extending an IR dongle
- 5.1 Preparing the plug end
- 5.2 Preparing the receiver end
- 6 References
- 7 See Also
Applications for extending an IR receiver
Moving a MythTV (or any media center machine for that matter) to a location other than that of the display can often be the most affordable solution to the stubborn problem of noise. Space constraints or aesthetics may prevent a machine from residing near the display. Power-users often centralize their equipment to a machine room in the basement.
Ultimately, if the machine that needs to be controlled is not within line-of-sight (LOS) of the remote control or outside of it's nominal range, an IR receiver mounted in the viewing room can be wired to the remotely installed frontend. A classic example is the common practice of moving the machine to a cupboard or room [under the stairs] because space isn't available in a small apartment.
Another popular practice with the advent of the wall mounted flat-panel display is to hide all of the existing home theatre equipment in a rack or enclosure flush to a wall or hiding them behind a panel or in a nearby closet, thus creating a streamlined or minimalist décor.
In this scenario each piece of equipment would also need to have it's respective IR signal forwarded or "repeated". An IR control system would be used to collect, concentrate and then deliver the signals from any remote control to the proper piece of equipment (eg. HT receiver, sat/cable box, DVD).
Regardless of the control system used to forward the IR signals, the room where a user will control the equipment must have some form of IR receiver which should be mounted in a location where the user's remote control will maintain maximum LOS. In most cases the IR receiver cable supplied with many tuner cards (often called a "dongle") isn't long enough to reach the remotely located machine.
These receivers use a small IR diode encased in plastic leading to a short three-conductor cord which terminates in a connector, typically a 2.5mm stereo phone plug or DB-9 serial port connector.
Warning: IR receivers that connect using a USB port such as the MCE remote cannot be extended using the methods below. Other methods can be used with these types of IR dongles. Cutting the cord of an IR receiver that does not follow the electrical specifications listed below may be damaged or destroyed.
Additionally, the methods used in this article extend to the use of home-built IR receivers, ready-built do-it-yourself (DIY), retail and commercial offerings. Furthermore, a remote computer running LIRC can be used as a powerful IR control system as described by Mike Dean on mythtv-users. Many of the pre-built and retail solutions also include an IR blaster making them a transceiver. LIRC can be configured to use an emitter, blaster or direct wiring to control external components such as set top boxes for cable or sat, your TV and even your A/V receiver. With some scripting finesse, a complete automation system can be designed around Lirc.
Overview of IR recievers
An IR receiver at a minimum consists of an IR detecting diode such as the Vishay TSOP 17xx series (datasheet, PDF) which detects the IR energy pulses and converts them to an electrical signal. The diode requires voltage to operate, a signal line to transmit the signal, and a ground. A diode is often used to provide rudimentary over-voltage protection and a voltage regulator can be used to provide more exacting regulation. Here is a schematic from Trimbitas Sorin's excellent blogpost which details the typical application of an IR detecting diode.
The detection device usually requires +5V but can often be packaged with a voltage regulator expecting higher voltages. Many commercial receivers require +12V and have additional capabilities such as talk-back LED's to indicate when a button is being pressed. Always refer to the supplied documentation for proper usage.
An IR receiver also requires decoding circuitry which is generally found on the tuner card or device. In the case of a USB connected device, the decoding circuitry is located alongside the detector
Nearly any type of low voltage cable can be used to carry IR signals. VCC is generally 5-12V and the signal is usually ~3-4V. With that in mind, it becomes obvious that a 4-conductor, 12-gauge speaker cable is not an ideal choice as any considerable length will introduce excessive resistance to the circuit. Common cable types used to carry IR signals are:
- Category 5 (Unshielded Twisted Pair, solid 26ga, 8 conductor in 4 pairs)
- Security cable (Unshielded, solid 22ga, 4 conductor)
- Audio cable (Shielded Twisted Pair, 22ga, 2 conductor)
- Coaxial cable using [#Over coaxial cable|baluns or transceivers (RG/59 or RG/6, typical)
Types of IR detectors
Dongles bundled with tuner cards
Incomplete, needs to be expanded. Please help to fill the gaps or discuss the issue on the talk page
The following is a listing of IR capable tuner cards. Most will ship with a remote and the IR dongle but some OEM cards may ship with the jack and associated receiver circuitry.
- Hauppauge
- WinTV Nova-T PCI
- WinTV Nova-T USB2
- WinTV Nova-T 500 PCI
- Twinhan DVT Alpha
Ready-built -- Retail
For the less adventurous, pre-built receivers can be purchased. Some of the original vendors have since closed doors but are included here for completeness and because some sites are still up and contain useful information.
- IR Blaster.info has separate serial IR receivers and blasters for sale
- IguanaWorks makes a very tidy little kit which has an exceptionally high-powered transmitter that you can buy from them unassembled or assembled (slightly more) for around $30USD.
- USB-UIRT makes a USB infrared transceiver which works well with LIRC.
- CommandIR Mini combines multiple IR blasters with a built-in universal remote receiver. It's a Linux-only device so a bit pricier but you get a guarantee it will work with devices like set-top boxes, Linux tech support, and setup that doesn't require multiple LIRC instances.
DIY -- Homebrew
- Lirc's own page for do-it-yourselfers
- Trimbitas Soren's excellent blog write-up with diagrams and detailed photographs with tools]
- The Manoweb Site also has excellent documentation and photographs of how to build your own serial port receiver (the proprietor originally sold them over the internet but indicates on the site that as of 2007 Jul, pre-built receivers will no longer be shipped)
- Xantech
- Channelvision
- Russound
- Leviton
Extending an IR dongle
IR dongles are, in effect, the tail end of the full receiver circuit which resides on the tuner card or module (with the notable exception of USB connected IR receivers). The rest of the circuitry resides on the tuner card or device and all that is needed to make the cable longer is some length of suitable cable, some tools and a way to connect it all back together again.
Preparing the plug end
Cut and prepare the receiver cable
Identify the cable conductors
Prepare and solder Category 5 to jack end of cable
Punching down to the telephone connecting block
- 66block 01.jpg
1. Identify the pairs or conductors needed
- 66block 02.jpg
2. Punch down green pairs
- 66block 03.jpg
3. Splice and crimp the white/brown conductor
- Hauppauge 04.jpg
4. Connect stereo plug to capture card
Preparing the receiver end
Connecting receiver cable to RJ-45 modular connector
Connecting Category 5 cable to RJ45 keystone
- Wallplate quadkey.jpg
3. Attaching to wall-plate
- Irext.jpg
4. Installing receiver cable
General Overview of IR Transmission in Free Space, Vishay Corp.
Disturbance Sources for IR Receiver Modules, Vishay Corp.


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12 Aug 2008
Stillmans sindroom
Iemand wat ek ken se dokter het haar gediagnoseer met " Stillmans syndrome" . Waar kan sy meer daaroor oplees?Ek kry nerens inligting daaroor nie. Sy het ' n rugoperasie gehad en nou krampe en pyne in haar bene. Haar dokter se dit is Stillmans sindroom.
501 views
HI Tokkie
Is dit nie Scheuermann's (ander naam is Sherman's disease) waarvan hy praat nie? Hierdie is 'n verkromming van die ruggraat gewoonlik in jong mense wat chroniese rugpyn veroorsaak.
Dr Bets
Is dit nie Scheuermann's (ander naam is Sherman's disease) waarvan hy praat nie? Hierdie is 'n verkromming van die ruggraat gewoonlik in jong mense wat chroniese rugpyn veroorsaak.
Dr Bets
The information provided does not constitute a diagnosis of your condition. You should consult a medical practitioner or other appropriate health care professional for a physical examination, diagnosis and formal advice. Health24 and the expert accept no responsibility or liability for any damage or personal harm you may suffer resulting from making use of this content.
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text: Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums :: View topic - Musical♪ Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Musical♪ Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Culture View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message piyotanJoined: 15 May 2003Posts: 1Location: Japan Posted: Thu May 15, 2003 11:26 pm Post subject: Musical♪ Hi! Do you like musical? I love it but in Japan its not so popular, I think. Especially, it doesnt spread through men. How about around you? I want to spread the culture of musical. Lets talk about musical! Back to top CoreyJoined: 23 Mar 2003Posts: 445Location: Costa Rica Posted: Fri May 16, 2003 1:20 pm Post subject: I don't particularly like musicals myself. They remind me of opera._________________Niagara Summer Programs Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Culture All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Student Forums----------------ComputersCurrent NewsCultureEnglish SchoolsFamilyFilm and CinemaFoodHealth and FitnessHelp CenterHobbiesHolidaysLearning EnglishLiteratureMaking FriendsMusicOpinionsPetsScienceSportsThe Strange and MysteriousTOEFL and Other English ExamsTravel You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Dave's ESL Cafe is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Banner Advertising | Bookstore / Alta Books | FAQs | Articles | Interview with Dave Copyright © 2018 Dave's ESL Cafe | All Rights Reserved | Contact Dave's ESL Cafe | Site Map Teachers College, Columbia University: Train to Teach English Here or Abroad Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group