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Brain, Computers and Mind: Speech and Thought in Humans, Animals and Machines. The false statement of the Semantic Web & Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Francisco Antonio Cerón García
Physic's Spanish Royal Society
1. – Introduction 2
2.- Current status of Computer Science. 3
3.- The Limits (Constraints) of the Tools in Science, Formal Logic and Experimentation. 5
4.- The basic Mechanisms of Language and Thought. 8
5.- Structuralism, Continental Philosophy & Analytic Philosophy. 9
6.- Knowledge and Transmission of Knowledge. 10
7.- Nature and Representation of Knowledge. 13
8.- Why not trying to teach how to talk and / or think to a Machine? Limitations and failures of the approach of the Description Logic. 15
10.- The Thought is not the same as Language: What is Intelligence? What is Thought? 19
11.- Difference between Animals and Humans, and Brain and Mind. 19
12.- Conclusion: Inability of Language and human Thought in the Machine , and the false statement of the Semantic Web & Artificial Intelligence. 20
13.- Theorem: "The limit of The Artificial Intelligence". 22
14.- Theorem: From Logic to Ontology: The limit of "The Semantic Web". 24
15.- Bibliography 25
1 .- Introduction
In the reading of "Minds, Machines and Gödel" by
J.R. Lucas and other authors such as Roger Penrose, they suggest that is impossible to think and/or talk for machines or computers.
Metonymy, the first Mechanism of human Thought and Language, have been built-in Machines or computers, and it is the substrate of Symbolic Logic and/or Formal (and therefore also of Mathematics), but we have lack of the Metaphor, which lets human beings to "Conclude" in the strict Sense of the term in Psychoanalysis: Metaphor brings us to Reality and Time.
And this is my challenge: Find a Logic Consistent, that besides the Metonymy in a Consistent Mathematical Logic, and it has also the Metaphor incorporated.
2 .- Current status of Computer Science
The attempt to build the Semantic Web from the Description Logic, which is in turn based on Symbolic Logic and Mathematical Logic, is Contradictory and Inconsistent, because although Symbolic Logic or Mathematical Logic is Consistent, by definition it has unique or Unambiguous sense (unique Meaning), which is totally Contradictory to the Semantics of the Language (natural), which is meaningless or Ambiguous (several Meanings).
If what you seek is, for example, as an application of the Semantic Web, do a search on Google, and to get instead of the several Ambiguous million results, only a few and accurate results, we have to start from other Tools more appropriate to the Natural Language, who is of Meaningful Ambiguous, and therefore we must build new tools in place of the existing ones that take into account this difference.
We should ask help to the Sciences that study the Language, and especially we should focus on the Sciences that study the Human Mind and Thought, we can find the tools that we seek, and if it's possible, add them on Mathematics, and if it's necessary, to invent a new approach to Formal Logic, Symbolic Logic and/or current math, that gives rise to a new and different logic than the current Description Logic (Knowledge Representation), which is a complete failure to built a Semantic Web on Internet.
All this makes Sense if we analyze the Framework within Human Knowledge has been developed, including the prehistoric times. A fundamental features of it, and also in a very simplified form, the only thing that truly differentiates us from Animals is that we are "speaking beings", that is, we make use of Language, and it is very important because we use Language as a medium of Communication, which has served for the Transmission of Knowledge throughout the entire history of mankind.
The only thing that really changed the way of purely oral Transmission (speech), has been the invention of Writing, which allowed the survival and subsequent accumulation of Knowledge, from the papyrus paper and the tables of clay through the books manuscripts and reaching the invention of Printing by Gutenberg. With this last discovery and cheaper cost of Transmitting Knowledge, and subsequently with the invention of the Internet (and Computers), it has decreased the cost of Knowledge Transmission to almost zero (at least in developed countries), and Knowledge for the first time in Human history, is now available to almost all the entire world and not for only a privileged few Humans beings as in the Middle Ages.
But now if we could also built a Semantic Web on Internet, savings would not only be an economic question and monetary issues, the economy would be further savings of Time of Thinking, or what is the same, spending less Time to seek and find Knowledge.
Moreover, besides the history and the fundamental characteristics in the Transmission of Knowledge and his achievement, who is Human Civilization, we must define the Framework within it has been developed throughout the history of Mankind, and it is not a trivial and unimportant issue, but this question is the most important. Today there is Science-specific of Ktnowledge as the study of Epistemology and others … But we still need more tools in other areas, such as Psychoanalysis, Linguistics, etc.
3 .- The Limits of the Tools in Science, Formal Logic and Experimentation.
First I want to say that "Cognitive Neuroscience", where everything related to Humans beings has a direct explanation from "Neuroscience" and/or "Biology" and/or "Genetics", is very Incomplete and Partial. The fundamental working hypothesis of all modern Science is that Mind and Brain are the same or equivalent, this is given due to the exclusivity and dominance in the Science of Statistical and Stochastic methods, Quantitative Research and Formal Logic, ignoring and excluding Qualitative Research methods. Although they are rigorous, they are Incomplete and/or Contradictory too, as we could realize from many results and paradoxes in Mathematics (Gödel's theorems), and in other areas of Science. But Human beings with Language goes far beyond this "scientific" Reductionism (see the Science as an exclusively Formal System of Thought as well defined by orthodox and traditional way), Human beings goes far beyond any Biological Nature, as evidenced Psychoanalysis, particularly Freud and Lacan.
Freud and Lacan have discovered that there exists a unique and singular Person in every Human being who is unattainable, for instance, his /her Unconscious, and his/her Unconscious is not generalizable, in the sense of reductionists Sciences, like Genetics, Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics. It is still more widely from the viewpoint of Formal Logic, because this system of Thought is by definition closed and Complete by itself, but it is only a Metonymic approaching of Reality, devoid of Metaphor of Human Language and Thought. It is a very poor approximation to Reality, despite the Technological benefits that our Civilization has achieved from it, and it led us to its own Limitations (Constraints) in the Knowledge of Reality, which is clearly visible in many Paradoxes: Mathematics (Gödel Incompleteness Theorems), Computer Science (Turing machine and Halting Problem), and even Physical Science (The Theory of Relativity is incompatible with the physical and mathematical theory of Quantum Mechanics – our two fundamental theories of Science and Technology closer to Reality).
In humanity history, the Sciences, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and other Sciences such as Biology, Genetics, Neuroscience, Medicine, etc.., and all its applications across the Technology past and present, all of them are based on a Formal Logic of Thinking, and precisely from Gödel, we found numerous examples of Paradoxes … All this shows that we are at the Limits of the Knowledge. We can provide Formal Logic, which by definition is limited only to the Unambiguous Metonymy, and it has enabled the construction of the current Technological Civilization, but we are in a Logical Framework with Constrains of Formal Logic, and as I said it is the Tool of Scientific Thought and Technology by its definition, and throughout its history since the days of Greek civilization.
Then if Formal Logic, which is the foundation of all Thought of all the Science and Technology, can be "Contradictory" and "Limited" or "Incomplete" (Gödel), you have to go a step further and open the horizon using tools more complete and less biased, we can take advantage of what Psychoanalysis has discovered about Human beings and its constitution of psychic structure in Three Orders: The Symbolic Order, The Imaginary Order (and last The Real) and the combination of both enables us to appreciate "something" of Reality, but in a Partial and fragmented way, there is no Consistency and reciprocity between what our Mind is capable of reaching to grasp or understand of Reality, with what is truly real (Real World).
And for this failure, and because we have not realized that the Discourse of Science and Technology is Alienating, we begin to find the Science riddled with Paradoxes and Contradictions, and to make matters worse, as Metaphor is excluded of the Scientific discourse it becomes more Metonymic and Closed, the more away from Reality, and a living example for all people and very close to them, is the economic current world "crisis", where the whole economic system has devoured itself, nor do the whole Humanity with the Alienation of a nuclear war (we were not far away from that), nor do we devour ourselves. All of this is going on without any Constraint to Science and Technology to get the "Future" and "Progress", if we are not aware of their Limits and Constraints, and we are not responsible for them, Reality is always present to remind it not so very nice to us. I do not propose a return to Nature, which is "Mythical", but we should take care of our responsibility and take the Limits of Scientific Thought and Technology, but as I am a scientist I attempt to go one step further there, and bearing in mind these limitations and my own limitations to know the Reality, I am trying to find new ways of Thinking applicable to Science, Technology and Computers.
The worst mistake of the Science is believing that Science is the unique fundamental truth and is above all, but Reality is so complex and so complicated that requires at least a large amount of humility, this is why the Science is so unable to go beyond their own Rhetoric and its own Logical Limits, and Science should realize that Mind and Brain are not equivalent and/or equal, this is the big mistake of the majority of current scientific people (Scientism). But at least if you do not want to accept it as a True and proven, we could always use it as Axiomatic Principle, like thousands of Knowledge in all areas of Science that are not Demonstrable but are taken for Certain, and if my axiom that Mind and Brain are not the same, and it works correctly and leads to Consistent Results with the Real World, then we would think that it is True.
4 .- The basic Mechanisms of Language and Thought.
In addition to what said above, Psychoanalysis also teaches us that there are two basic mechanisms in the Language (Saussure) and the Human Thought, which are displacement or Metonymy, and condensation or Metaphor (Freud), or linguistically called Metonymy and Metaphor.
Metonymy is the fundamental mechanism of Scientific Thought (and math), and it reflects the Formal Logic and/or symbolic, where the Meaning of Ambiguous Language has been dissected in a precise and Unambiguous Meaning to get Rigor and Consistency, therefore exclude the Contradiction, but at the cost of removing the other mechanism of Thought, which is the condensation or Metaphor, paradoxically coming to Contradictory (see Paradoxes …) or Incomplete results. The Formal Logical system has operated up and allows us to develop our Technological Civilization, but as I said, we are finding its Logical Limits.
Now we can take a step further and beyond, incorporating the Metaphor of our Logical System of Thought in Science and Technology, where the incorporation of the Metaphor, could mean the loss of the principle of generality, but although it would still be incomplete, you have a closer and more accurate representation of reality than with the Traditional System. This is what I intend to do and try to build from now on…
And if you define logic of Metonymy that has also incorporated the Metaphor, then I will have incorporated the two basic Mechanisms of Human Thought and Language. It will still be a partial and limited Knowledge, but as I have said before, with a better perception of Reality that the mere Metonymy of Symbolic Logic.
The Metaphor/ condensation is what allows us to Conclude, and it introduces us to Reality and Time, whereas in symbolic or Mathematical Logic, Reality comes only through the Cardinality of Numbers.
5 .- Structuralism, Continental Philosophy & Analytic Philosophy.
The experimental and theoretical framework in which I research is therefore the "Structuralism", movement, who is included in Continental Philosophy and opposite to Analytic Philosophy, starting from Saussure to the study of language, according to Jakobson and Levi Strauss, and ending with Freud and Lacan and the discovery of the Unconscious, the Psychoanalysis and the creation of man as a singular person.
I do not propose to make a perfect demonstration, complete and rigorous in the classical and orthodox sense of science, if we take the concept of formal logic and the thinking of orthodox science and technology, this does not mean giving up the coherence or internal consistency, but my system is not complete by definition, and therefore not closed, I only require for it, if I can do that, the non-contradiction principle, and it is from the experimental and theoretical framework that I have defined, to look for, identify, and/or invent if it is necessary, the tools that allow me to analyze and examine the knowledge not only of a metonymic form of formal logic and/or symbolic, as has happened so far in Computing and Internet, but also I can built a semantic Web, with the addition of a tool that represents the metaphor, and the principle of condensation of language and human thought, which is what brings us closer to reality through the passage of time and the conclusion.
This logical system as I have explained on our perception of reality, by definition will not be complete, and would be consistent, but it will be a useful tool to manage knowledge online. I do not intend that computers could speak, because my theorem "The limit of The Semantic Web", says that this is impossible, but all that you can research in that way would be a breakthrough for the handling and transmission of knowledge via the Internet.
This logical system means that it is not closed, so it is open, although it seems impossible to build something "scientific" in this way, but all science and technology and their findings are largely embedded in this framework, because although we tried to formalize science and technology with formal logic, the relationship of science and technology with the reality goes through our mind and its mechanisms sometimes inconsistent, but directly related to the real thing, where nobody is, from there is that I intend to seek and find this new order of thought, where everything is not completely closed and completed, but if you were there, everything is connected to reality through the language computer and the Internet.
This is my project, and it is perhaps nonsensical great and impossible, but as Lacan said "the impossible is the only reality", and so I am researching on it!
6.- Knowledge and Transmission of Knowledge.
Knowledge is, first, the state which knows or knows something, and secondly, the content known or known as part of the cultural heritage of mankind. By extension, also often called "knowledge" of everything an individual or a society deemed given or known acquaintance.
There is no doubt, science is one of the main types of knowledge. The sciences are the result of efforts and research methods in search for answers to specific problems, and the elucidation of which seeks to provide an adequate representation of the world. There are, however, many types of knowledge, not being scientists, they are perfectly suited to its purpose: the know-how in the crafts, learn to swim, etc.. And knowing the language, the traditions, legends, customs and ideas of a particular culture, the knowledge that individuals have their own history (they know their name, they know their parents and their past), or even the common knowledge to a given society, including the humanity (to know what is a hammer, knowing that water extinguishes fire).
Even when information is generated each time, however, the amount of human knowledge is necessarily finite, as well as the difficulty of solving such problems as the origin of life and the universe, death, among many others.
The knowledge acquired through a variety of cognitive processes: perception, memory, experience (attempts followed by success or failure), reasoning, learning and teaching, testimony of third parties … Controlled observation, experimentation, modelling, criticism of sources (in history), surveys, and other procedures that are specifically employed by the sciences, can be viewed as a refinement or an implementation of the above. These are the subject of study of epistemology.
The importance attached to knowledge distinguishes humanity from other animal species. All human societies acquire, preserve and transmit a substantial amount of knowledge, mainly, through language. With the rise of civilizations, the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge are multiplied by the writing. Throughout history, mankind has developed a variety of techniques to preserve, transmit and develop knowledge, such as school, encyclopaedias, newspapers, and computers.
This importance goes hand in hand with a questioning of the value of knowledge. Many societies and religious movements, political philosophers have considered the accretion of knowledge, or its dissemination, is not appropriate and should be limited. Conversely, other groups and societies have created institutions to ensure their preservation, development and dissemination. Also, debate about the respective values of different domains and types of knowledge.
In contemporary societies, the diffusion of knowledge, or the contrary, retention of knowledge, has an important political and economic role, including military, so does the spread of pseudo-knowledge (or disinformation). Knowledge contributes as a power source. This role explains much of the dissemination of propaganda and pseudo-science, which attempts to present as knowledge, things that are not. This gives a particular importance to the sources of knowledge assumptions, such as mass media and their tools, such as the Internet.
And just as the invention of writing and printing brought about a revolution and the explosion of knowledge, now the invention of the Internet and the attempt to build a Semantic Web on it, would mean a revolution and the exponential explosion in the transmission of knowledge, on a scale without precedent for the entire history of civilization, not only because all knowledge would be accessible to a very small cost as the Internet has given rise, but also the cost of search time of the knowledge, through the filter of the Semantic Web on the Internet, would be reduced to almost zero.
To achieve the goal of building the Semantic Web, we need to "teach" the language to computers, and we need to know:
What is the nature of knowledge?
How to represent knowledge?
And these questions and their answers are not frivolous, because we must be aware that this is the crucial step that represents the Semantic Web: The incorporation of the "Language" in computers! And although my theorem "The limit of The Semantic Web" said that this is an impossible goal, everything that we discover researching in this way, would give us new tools for knowledge transfer. Obviously, if we were able to reach this goal we'd be very close to implant a "human thought" into machines but although having such skill they'd never be equivalent to human beings because of their different connections to the real world. If it would be very close to machines that have "human thought" that even though taking such a skill? they would never be the same or equivalent to human beings by their distinct relations with reality.
7 .- Nature and Representation of Knowledge.
The classical theory of transmitting knowledge (Communication Theory), which is communication theory, tells us that there is a transmitter (sender) and a receiver, which is what also uses psychology as a science, but the novelty of the discovery of psychoanalysis, is that in addition to the aforementioned receiver there is a second receiver that is also the same issuer (sender). And Psychoanalysis reveals the human being as a subject split, and thus reveals the ambivalence of language and the absence of an unequivocal sense of it, that is, without a sense of the meaning of language, as Wittgenstein said.
Psychoanalysis tells us that the constitution of the human being involved a symbolic world, which is the language ( The Symbolic Order ), an imaginary world ( The Imaginary Order ), which is the share that each has in the language, and the existence in The Real world, which is only accessible through the representation of it that gives us the combination of symbolic and the imaginary.
Regardless of all the complex details in psychoanalytic theory, you should take a look at this subject on Freud and Lacan, the important thing is that humans do not perceive the real world or reality as it is, but they perceive it under the prism of their own original constitution as human being. Thus the apprehension of knowledge is not unlimited, but it is limited to the ambivalent nature of human language, which sets the limits of knowledge of reality, and a good example of it is the unsuccessful attempt of the great mathematician Hilbert and others, to construct a mathematical system axiomatically complete and not contradictory in itself, but as Gödel proved with his theorems, if a system of knowledge is complete, then it is contradictory, and the opposite, if a system is incomplete then it is not contradictory, we also have other many examples as the Turing machine and "the halting problem" or stop of calculation. Eventually what all this tells us, is that language is dragging us to their own limits, and if we do not have this in mind to build the Semantic Web, we are doomed to failure from the outset.
Then the nature of knowledge is limited both, by the language as a transmitter of knowledge, and the Psychoanalytic structure of humans beings. And what represents knowledge among humans, it is not the thought, but it is the transmitter, or language. So the important thing is not so much the nature of knowledge, it is the nature of language and the means to transfer the language, and natural language is ambivalent and ambiguous, and this is what we have to take into account building Semantic Web.
One more point, the myths that we often disregard as being outdated and not modern, precisely the myths tell us what are the limits of our perception of reality, the limits of our thinking, and they all have in common besides the use of metaphor, which we mark the passage of reality as time goes on, the conclusion, and is because of that, human beings dont have the problem of stopping as in the Turing machine. Going further and more abundant, both Hegel and Kant considered time not categorized, and this is the same thing for Psychoanalysis, time is an illusion of our perception, and time is a way of representing reality as a course of events. And the Description Logic, which is the basis now used to build the Semantic Web, cannot give account of language, because you start building Description Logic (it has been built from Knowledge Representation who has been built from Formal Logic) missing the metaphor, since it is a symbolic logic, and the axiomatic system is complete, and lacking the metaphor, and of course as well as Gödel has shown us, ultimately leads to a contradiction, which is what happens all the time when trying to build the Semantic Web from this base: They have been a complete failure despite the multimillion-dollar investment! The basis for transferring knowledge, as I said earlier is natural language, and language has two fundamental structures:
Metonymy and metaphor.
With the metonymy we already have built the mathematical language, everything in it is a metonymic process, and if time take part of it, it is only a fiction, f(t) or time-dependent, but there is no use of metaphor, which could realize us of the senseless of the metonymy, metaphor would take us to reality and lead to solve the problem of finding the stop of the Turing machine.
Then we have to introduce the metaphor in the foundations of mathematics, which would allow us to build a logically consistent, but with no means contradictory, similar to the logic of human unconscious as understood by Psychoanalysis. If you achieve that goal, we would have the right tools to implement the Semantic Web on computers, and operate.
And this is my challenge: Find that logic consistent has metonymy in mathematical logic consistent, and has also incorporated the metaphor.
8.- Why not trying to teach how to talk and / or think to a Machine? Limitations and failures of the approach of the Description Logic.
When I was studying science, throughout my university's years, a very experienced teacher of physics and mathematics, gave to me the following two advices:
The first advise, when one is faced with a problem to solve, the problem does not ask you how much know about it, to accommodate itself to your knowledge and be able to resolve it, this seems a truism and the truth of pure common sense, but in this case is truest than ever.
The second advise was that "usually" all problems have a solution that is "implicit" if the question of the problem is well posed, in other words if the reference frame of the problem is well built.
Both these comments made me totally change my point of view and I started to address the problem of building the "Semantic Web", instead of putting my efforts directly in their resolution, with the deep and dense training on Mathematics and Physics that I acquired in my training as a scientist, and I realize that it has been the usual attitude of all those who have worked so far in this field trying to solve this problem, and so far with little success, I preferred to leave the particular and specific problem, and take a more comprehensive and broad in the same (which means leave the forest to see a whole and not a single tree), and therefore as I said, instead of attempt directly and rapidly his solution, I am taking a long detour, and not absurd or meaningless, according to the two "recommendations" above, and I am building a framework to provide a place to build "the Semantic Web".
To do this I started looking for where to build the "Semantic Web" in computing, and now it is a part of the logic description, which in turn is based on Symbolic Logic and Mathematical Logic.
As I know the limitations of symbolic or formal logic, reflected in the theorems of Gödel and many paradoxes in mathematics and physics, I have expanded my field of knowledge from Fundamental Science to Humanities (Social Sciences), and if so then it is to teach to talk to a computer (or what is equivalent teach a computer to understand what we say), we are asking for the language, and therefore I joined the language in the framework of the problem.
It could have gone to philosophy, but the problem that I found is that their development uses formal logic as a unique system of thought (as in pure mathematics).
The need to answer the question what is intelligence? And what is thought? Both answer are necessary to try to teach a machine, and the answers of this questions could be found on Psychoanalysis combined with linguistics, not on psychology or biology or genetics, as they used only an approximation to reality which is quantitative, statistical, and formal logic, and although the method is very orthodox on science, formal logic has serious limitations, because if our hypotheses are complete then the system is in contradiction, and if our assumptions are incomplete then the system is consistent. The orthodox approach of science has serious limitations, in addition to the above, by requiring experimental verification, since not everything that exists or is part of reality is experimentally verifiable, in a quantitative and statistical way, and if we do not accept this limitation to access absolutely to reality, at least it should be taken as a working hypothesis, because what I am saying is that our approach of the orthodox scientific method is incomplete and does not allow us to solve the problem that we are dealing with.
And more, Quantum Mechanics on Physical Science, says us that if we make any experiment, we are changing the isolated conditions of it when we show it, and then we change the results of it by our interaction with it. All of this means that if we want to assure all the scientific knowledge on experimentation, we change the results of our own real experiments; then it is a illusion and a big mistake to built a perfect formal logical system on Science which only reference are the experiments, and a example of it is the paradox of Schrödinger's Cat.
According to psychoanalysis, the human being is a reality that goes beyond the merely biological, because human beings are not regulated exclusively by its own instincts (as animals in the field of biology). According to Psychoanalysis humans beings are regulated by their relationship with the "Goce": Jouissance–Enjoyment (drives: Libido/Eros & Thanatos) in the technical sense of that term in Psychoanalysis and they are not regulated by the Instincts; from the Freud's age English people has translated the German Trieb as Instincts, and it is a great mistake! And it is one of the main reasons because for English scientists Brain is the same as Mind. The importance of this term "unknown" for the rest of science is that it is accurate and marks the exact difference between humans and all other living beings. This difference is that we are "speaking beings", and this has enabled us to build our civilization, culture and technology. Therefore, as far as possible we could make a machine to reach thought or talk, it will never be equivalent to a human being, because their relation with reality is different: the human being feels (and thinks) for the "Goce" and the machine could think or speak but could not feel because it has no relation to the "lack" and "Goce". And the sense of the term feel, I mean it technically in Psychoanalysis, the lack of not being complete, the pain being experienced by every human being or for each individual, and not generalizable in the experimental, sense, statistical and quantitative science, but if I cannot prove it scientifically, it does not mean that it does not exist, and this particular and specific link with the human existence, modify profoundly its relationship with reality, so that is not reproducible, and not outside of each experimental human being, and also we cannot build a machine with this faculties. This is because I say that even if we could talk to a machine, and by extension it has a dimension of our thinking, it would never be complete in the sense of the lack experience, the real experience of every human being. The only hard evidence in this regard can be drawn from the clinic and/or psychopathology of psychoanalysis, and try to get to understand some of it is necessary to be a scholar of psychoanalysis, but we can take it at least as a hypothesis and or a working premise: If all the assumptions are set up correctly, I should be able to find the solution to our problem.
10.- The Thought is not the same as Language: What is Intelligence? What is Thought?
Now I am trying to answer the question: What is intelligence? To define what is Intelligence, from Psychoanalysis, and as I understand it, Intelligence is the conjunction of the three orders of the psychic structure of Human beings:
First, The Symbolic Order (the language), Second, The Imaginary Order (it is the partial access to the language of each human being), Third, the existence of the person in the reality (The Real), all this terms contained in the strict technical sense of psychoanalysis. Because of this we could realize that language is not the same as thought, but thought and intelligence are the same or equivalents, and now I am trying to answer the question: What is thought? And again Though is the conjunction of the three orders of the psychic structure of Human beings: First, The Symbolic Order (the language), Second, The Imaginary Order (it is the partial access to the language of each human being), Third, the existence of the person in the reality (The Real).
Then I do not need to reach deeper into the thought and intelligence, I can not build a machine that would feel the "failure" and/or "pain" of the existence like human beings (it is what creates metaphor), so I could only take the language, and it will bring a dimension of thought, not exactly like that of humans, but at least more powerful than mere formal logic, and then the two mechanisms to built our machine are metonymy and metaphor, I understand that these are the two basic mechanisms of human language (and thought & intelligence).
11.- Difference between Animals and Humans, and Brain and Mind.
One more comment about the nature of thought and the rest of living beings or animals: animals have access only to the imagination (the Mirror Stage), which is not the language (the symbolic order), and animals can not access to language, I mean, that language is not only the ability to speak and/or transmitting knowledge, the symbolic language is the ability to grasp the reality (the real world), and because of this they are not related to the "Goce", and their behaviours are governed only by the "Instincts", which are biological and genetic mechanisms, and inherited behaviour for survival, and are feasible for experiments, with quantitative and statistics measures, while access to language (the symbolic order) of humans beings, makes on them a transformation from their purely biological nature of the brain, and it creates the "mind", which is related to the "Goce" and "lack". I say more times in accurate way for being well understood: if there is no access to the language there is no access to the "Goce" and "lack", and neither thought and intelligence, but I wonder: could there be some kind of access to language without access to the "Goce"?, and the answer that we have from computers is that they have partly access to language, through symbolic logic, but have no access to pain or the "Goce" as humans beings. Thus incorporating the other mechanism of language, metaphor, to a machine is very complicated, because we would build a logical structure with metaphor, then if I can not add "Goce" and "lack" into a machine, I can not incorporate the metaphor, and therefore a machine can not talk, can not think, and can not have intelligence.
12.- Conclusion: Inability of Language and human Thought in the Machine , and the false statement of the Semantic Web & Artificial Intelligence.
After all this, my program is unsuccessful and it is not possible to teach the language to a machine, because it lacks any relationship with the "Goce" and then is not possible to introduce another mechanism of language and thought, the metaphor. The latter arises from the processes of elaboration of the unconscious and is the conclusion of them. We can not build machines with access to the "Goce", so it is impossible to give them intelligence as do humans. And with regard to animals, but would have to say that all animals have access to the "lack" of existence, but they are unable to symbolize it, they lack the mechanisms of human thought, which are metaphor and metonymy, and they can not construct a language, which would allows them to build a symbolic system that could create culture, civilization and technology, which is the case in humans. The animals are only in the stage mirror, and they are only a biological body, because there is no separation of the biological body as in the case of human beings (because of the symbolic order humans beings could do that), then the animals do have "brains" but not have "mind".
The claim that a central property of human beings, Intelligence —the Sapience of Homo sapiens— can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine is a false statement!
The claim that a central property of human beings, Language can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine with the Semantic Web is a false statement!
The final question for me comes across this preparation and it is:
Why do human beings (we are animals too) have been able to speak to build a symbolic world apprehends reality in a symbolic order and yet the rest of living beings (animals) have not been able to do this?
Or in another way:
Why, if both animals and humans are associated with a real biological difference (albeit with very small differences in genetic differences between all species living) the human being has agreed to the relationship with the "Goce" (which has allowed him to speak) while the animals are left in the stadium or imaginary mirror and have no connection with the "Goce"? And I'm almost absolutely sure that the answers to them do not come from biology, genetics, or any other neuroscience…
13.- Theorem: "The limit of The Artificial Intelligence".
The limit of the Artificial Intelligence is not set by the use of machines themselves, and biological systems could be used to reach this goal, but as the Logic that is being used to construct it does not contemplate the concept of time, since it is purely formal logic and metonymic lacks the metaphor, and this is what Gödel's theorems remark, the final tautology of each construction or metonymic mathematical language, which leads to inconsistencies. The construction of the Artificial Intelligence is an Undecidible Problem .
This consistent logic is completely opposite to the logic that makes inconsistent use of time, inherent of human unconscious, but the use of time is built on the lack, not on positive things, it is based on denials and absences, and this is impossible to reflect on a machine because of the perceived lack of the required self-awareness is acquired with the absence.
The problem of Artificial Intelligence is that we are trying to build an Intelligence system to replace our way of thinking, at least in the information search, but the special nature of human mind is the use of metaphor which lets human beings reach a conclusion, therefore does not exist in the human mind the Halting Problem or stop of calculation.
If you suppose as a theorem, that it is possible to construct a machine, with an Intelligence with capabilities similar to human Intelligence, we should face it as a theorem, we can prove it to be false with a Counter Example, and it is given in the particular case of the Turing machine and "the halting problem" or stop of calculation.
So all efforts faced toward Artificial Intelligence are doomed to failure a priori if the aim is to extend our human way of thinking into machines, they lack the metaphorical speech, because only a mathematical construction, which will always be tautological and metonymic, and lacks the use of metaphor that is what leads to the conclusion or "stop".
14.- Theorem: From Logic to Ontology: The limit of "The Semantic Web".
The limit of the Semantic Web is not set by the use of machines themselves, and biological systems could be used to reach this goal, but as the Logic that is being used to construct it does not contemplate the concept of time, since it is purely formal logic and metonymic lacks the metaphor, and this is what Gödel's theorems remark, the final tautology of each construction or metonymic Mathematical Language , which leads to inconsistencies. The construction of the Semantic Web is an Undecidible Problem .
This consistent logic is completely opposite to the logic that makes inconsistent use of time, inherent in human unconscious, but the use of time is built on the lack, not on positive things, it is based on denials and absences, and this is impossible to reflect on a machine because of the perceived lack of the required self-awareness is acquired with the absence.
The problem is we are trying to build an intelligent system to replace our way of thinking, at least in the information search, but the special nature of human mind is the use of time which lets human beings reach a conclusion, therefore does not exist in the human mind the Halting Problem or stop of calculation.
So all efforts faced toward semantic web are doomed to failure a priori if the aim is to extend our human way of thinking into machines, they lack the metaphorical speech, because only a mathematical construction, which will always be tautological and metonymic, and lacks the use of the time that is what leads to the conclusion or "stop".
As a demonstration of that, if you suppose it is possible to construct the semantic web, as a language with capabilities similar to human language, which has the use of time, should we face it as a theorem, we can prove it to be false with a Counter Example, and it is given in the particular case of the Turing machine and "the halting problem".
15.- Bibliography and Index of Useful Concepts
If you take a look at the Ninety-two posts below down, or in Last Post Index & View of Meta Internet Blog (you can look for each of them in the search of the blog or in Wikipedia -and if you speak Spanish language you should change from English to Spanish language-), then you could realize that you understand all of the entire frame and the background that is needed to.


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Good News to all Itel A31 Plus users. Now you can now install TWRP Recovery and root Itel A31 Plus. Today we will be guiding you on How to Install the TWRP For Itel A31 Plus and then Root your device.
TWRP Recovery is a Custom Recovery which is Official known as TeamWin Recovery built with a touchscreen interface which allows its users to install third-party firmware and backup their current system, which is often unsupported by stock recovery images.
This TWRP Recovery For Itel A31 Plus is working fully fine and can be used to flash custom ROMs and make full backups. Full touch is also working ok for easy navigation. For those who want to root by flashing SuperSu, this is a recommended custom recovery. Find out more features when you install it the Recovery For your Itel A31 Plus.
To Root Itel A31 Plus we are going to be using the Adb Tool Mode or Flash tool method with TWRP recovery for Itel A31 Plus. It will be wise you read the post very well before flashing the recovery to avoid any errors or brick of the device. I believe many using this device have googled on how to root their device without getting any good result worry not with this ported recovery you can now root your device in a minute and get the freedom you need to explore your device the way you like it. Read the tutorial below to the end so that you can root Itel A31 Plus.
The TWRP features an attractive user interface (UI), and by the following the step by step guide you can install TWRP for your Itel A31 Plus. You can download TWRP Recovery for Itel A31 Plus from the links provided in this post. The steps given in this post is merely for installing and rooting TWRP on Itel A31 Plus, you are advised not to use this file for any other Android device.
If you would like to unleash the full potential of your Itel A31 Plus hardware, then flashing the TWRP Recovery and rooting is the main concern. The official Stock ROM of your device has limited and unsupported features of Customization. When you have TWRP recovery flashed and rooted, you are free to install any Mods, Custom ROMs, Xposed and custom Kernel etc., as well as many apps which needs root access for it to work properly.
Rooting doesn't mean hacking. So please don't compare the term hacking to rooting. In fact, it is not true at all. Well, Rooting in Android means nothing but jailbreaking the device to get access to the root directory of your android mobile. This means you are removing the restrictions and limitations from your Android device to perform the unperformable tasks.
By Rooting Itel A31 Plus, you are injecting a file known as SU binary to the root of your phone. Technically Speaking, Rooting Any Android Phone will void the brand warranty but don't worry, you can unroot or restore your device at any time without any issues.
For installing the TWRP, your Itel A31 Plus bootloader must be Unlocked. That means you have to unlock the bootloader of your device before rooting it for any customization.
You must have to ensure that before rooting your device, you must have understood the method very well and you agree to disclaimer policy to proceed further on your risk.
- Your device Should be Charged
Your device must be charged 70% at least else; it may lead to complications when flashing the TWRP recovery and rooting your device.
- Back Up Your device
If you are going to root your device, it is a wise you make back up of your files in your device. Make a back up of all your media file like videos, images and music to your PC and your contacts on Cloud (Gmail).
- Enable USB Debugging
You must enable the USB debugging option by going to Settings>> Applications>> Developer options.
The advantage of TWRP Recovery
- You can flash Custom ROM with TWRP Recovery
- You can flash modding zip files to customize your phone
- Easy to use Xposed Modules'
- Easy to Root and Unroot using TWRP Recovery flashable zip SuperSU
- You can always take FULL NANDROID Backup in case of any modding or flashing.
- Easy access to restore the Nandroid Backup.
- You can flash the image file using TWRP Recovery.
- Can remove all bloatware using TWRP Recovery.
- To underclock and overclock.
- You can clean Wipe, Cache, and Data.
Things You Need
- VComm Drivers Window 7 Go Here
- VComm Drivers Window 8/10 Go Here
- Magisk 13.5 Here
- SuperSu 2.82 Here
- adb and fastboot driver
- No verity opt Encrypt Disabler
We are not responsible if you brick your phone in the process of flashing the recovery.
How To Unlock Itel A31 Plus Bootloader
Install Recovery For Itel A31 Plus
- Download the Twrp Recovery From the below link,
Download ADB folder and Fastboot driver Installer.
- Go to Setting>About Phone>type 7 time Build number > Back>Developer Option and Enable Device Debugging And Oem Unlock.
- Now Install Correct ADB and fastboot Driver on Your PC
- Go to ADB folder then connect your device the to PC Via USB cord
- Type Cmd at the top URL bar of your drive C to bring the Command Layout
- Then type this command Adb Reboot bootloader
- Your Device should boot into Fastboot Mode
- The recovery you downloaded (Rename to it to recovery) then move to the adb Folder.
- Now type this Command Fastboot flash recovery recovery.img
- The above command will make ADB flash the Recovery you copied to Adb folder
- Now type this Command Fastboot Reboot to reboot your device to normal Mode
Vola you have successfully flash the TWRP recovery on your device so next thing to do is to root Itel A31 Plus if it is not rooted.
How To Root Itel A31 Plus
Make sure that you have downloaded the Magisk/SuperSU file. Then, follow the steps below.
Step 1: Transfer the downloaded Magisk/SuperSU file to the internal storage or Mcard of your smartphone.
Step 2: Now, boot into Recovery Mode. From the TWRP recovery interface, you are recommended to backup your device Stock ROM if in case the process gets failed, you can restore your Stock ROM back via the TWRP Recovery Mode.
Step 3: Click on the Install', and navigate to the file 'Magisk/SuperSU.zip file' and swipe to confirm the flash (located at the bottom of your screen). The flashing process should start it will take some seconds to complete.
Congratulations, now you have rooted your Itel A31 Plus and also have TWRP Recovery installed. Now, you can now install the Xposed Framework, and customise your device as per your preference. If you wish to verify that your device is rooted, download Root Checker app to check your device Root Status.
Flash the No verity opt Encrypt Disabler via your Twrp recovery to allow you to update your phone
I believe with this tutorial to Root Itel A31 Plus and install Twrp recovery will not be a problem for you at all.
#NAME TWRP RECOVERY V3.2.3-0 #DEVICE: Itel A31 Plus #CHIPSET:MT6580 #OS: ANDROID 7.0 N #KERNEL:3.18.35+ #CHEF: ™Androidvillaz™ #Itel User #Emmanuel
Please do comment after flashing the recovery this motivates us to do more.
TWRP 3.2.3 Recovery For Itel A31 Plus
Password: Androidvillaz.net

subset: commoncrawl


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THE SQL Server Blog Spot on the Web
Today I have been using Windows Installer XML (WiX) to build an installer (.msi file) that would install a SQL Server database on a server of my choosing; the source code for that database lives in datadude (a tool which you may know by one of quite a few other names). The basis for this work was a most excellent blog post by Duke Kamstra entitled Implementing a WIX installer that calls the GDR version of VSDBCMD.EXE which coves the delicate intricacies of doing this – particularly how to call Vsdbcmd.exe in a CustomAction. Unfortunately there are a couple of things wrong with Duke's post:
Well, this blog post is an attempt to solve those problems. Hopefully I've solved the first one just by following a few of my blogging SEO tips while writing this blog post, in the rest of it I will explain how I took Duke's code and updated it to work in Visual Studio 2010.
If you need to build a database installer using WiX, datadude and Visual Studio 2010 then you still need to follow Duke's blog post so go and do that now. Below are the amendments that I made that enabled the project to get built in Visual Studio 2010:
I have made my amended solution available for download at: http://cid-550f681dad532637.office.live.com/self.aspx/Public/BlogShare/20110210/InstallMyDatabase.zip It contains two projects: the WiX project and the datadude project that is the source to be deployed (for demo purposes it only contains one table).
I have also made the .msi available although in order that it gets through file blockers I changed the name from InstallMyDatabase.msi to InstallMyDatabase.ms_ – simply rename the file back once you have downloaded it from: http://cid-550f681dad532637.office.live.com/self.aspx/Public/BlogShare/20110210/InstallMyDatabase.ms%5E_ .You can try it out for yourself – the only thing it does is dump the files into %Program Files%\MyDatabase and uses them to install a database onto a server of your choosing with a name of your choosing - no damaging side-affects. I will caveat this by saying "it works on my machine" and, not having access to a plethora of different machines, I haven't tested it anywhere else. One potential issue that I know of is that Vsdbcmd.exe has a dependency on SQL Server CE although if you have SQL Server tools or Visual Studio installed you should be fine. Unfortunately its not possible to bundle along the SQL Server CE installer in the .msi because Windows will not allow you to call one installer from inside another – the recommended way to get around this problem is to build a bootstrapper to bundle the whole lot together but doing that is outside the scope of this blog post. If you discover any other issues then please let me know.
Here are the screenshots from the installer:
And once installed….
Hope this is useful!
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I do like using Wix and I do like automated DB installs and we do use them together in the office for some projects.
My issue with this approach is that information about what is installed is recorded on the machine that the installer is run on. It would be better if it was recorded on the SQL Server instance perhaps in the master DB where it could be interogated with queries.
The primary requirement for a MSI is a installation folder, for databases it should be a server instance.
Uninstallation is also an issue, it is possible to run SQL on uninstall but the SQL Server might not be available at that time. Because of the above disconnect between the database items and the MSI information you could end up stuck with no database and no way to complete the uninstall.
Good point. Maybe Contained Databases are a step in that direction: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff929071(SQL.110).aspx
Perhaps, but I'd suggest the issue is more the other way around. Rather than decoupling the database from the DB Engine, we need a way of decoupling the installation of tha database and database objects with the underlying operating system.
Windows Installer works fine for the first installation of a system but I'd suggest it's not so good for ongoing upgrades of systems. The typical uninstall / re-install used for upgrading applications is not so easy to implement for a database.
Could this be used for upgrades to DBs as well? Not all that familiar with Wix, but if we could build the appropriate configurations and schemas into an upgrader package, I can see use for this. If it's just to create a DB for the first time, it probably isn't quite as useful. We're looking for an easy-ish way to package up versions to move through our environments and this looks at least a little promising. Thanks for sharing your findings with us.
Hi Peter,
It uses Vsdbcmd which is basically what datadude uses when it does deploys (not strictly true but think of it as true for the purpose of this comment).
So in short, yes, it can be used for upgrades. If you can do it with datadude then you can do it with this deployment mechanism.
Jamie - if you are building WiX packages then check out WiX# - it's a .net wrapper around the WiX system. The bottom line is that you write familiar .Net code and it will translate this into WiX/Msi for you - it even takes are of custom actions very well. Used it on a previous project and it worked very well, even with a quite complex installer.
A couple of suggestions for how this might be improved for flexibility and portability:
1. In the DatabaseArtifacts.wxi file use $(var.MyDatabase.Configuration) instead of hard coding the debug folder. Typically when it comes time for me to deploy I change my configuration to "Release", and this way it will work for both
2. The text for x64 didn't work for me either in VS2010, but rather than hard-coding the "Program Files (x86)" consider using $(env.ProgramFiles)
In order to get this to deploy properly on a machine that doesn't have datadude installed you have to add another file component to the VsdbcmdArtifacts.wxi file:
<Component Id="MicrosoftDataSchemaUtilities" Guid="{YOUR-GUID-HERE}">
<File Id="Microsoft.Data.Schema.Utilities.dll" Source="$(var.SrcArchPath)Microsoft.Data.Schema.Utilities.dll" KeyPath="yes" Checksum="yes"/>
Otherwise the deployment will explode
Over the past eighteen months I have worked on four separate projects for customers that wanted to make
Has anyone found a way to get the VSDBCMD output to write to the MSI log correctly? Running VSDBCMD via console gives info like:
Creating [dbo].[NewTableName]...
but this is what is written to the logfile:
Creating ....
I run the msi but get a message saying Setup Wizard ended prematurley
Is there a log file that I can read?
One additional item that is needed if you want to be able to run the installer on a Windows 2008 server is the vsdbcmd.exe.config file. This contains the directives necessary to allow mixed mode assemblies to be executed under .NET 4.0.
Ah OK. Thanks Ron.
When I use the Wix to deploy the database, its throw the Setup Wizard ended prematurley message end of installation. And I have checked its not installed.
Can you help me to resolve this problem.
I have checked the Msi lob file, it shows the error message like
CAQuietExec: *** The target database schema provider could not be determined. Deployment cannot continue.
CAQuietExec: Error 0x80070001: Command line returned an error.
CAQuietExec: Error 0x80070001: CAQuietExec Failed
CustomAction LaunchVsdbcmd returned actual error code 1603 (note this may not be 100% accurate if translation happened inside sandbox)
Action ended 13:41:30: InstallFinalize. Return value 3.
But, at that time of installation its create folder in programsfolder and copies all files to that location.
Can you help me to resolve this issues.
Advance thanks.
Rajesh, that first line looks very much like the error I got when I tried to deploy to SQL Server 2012. DB Projects don't work against SQL 2012 - you'll need to upgrade to SSDT SQL Projects in order to continue. (We're about to go through that on our stuff to see what works and what doesn't.)
Can you deploy your project outside of WiX? Are you using SQL 2012 as your target?
Thanks for reply.
I am using SQL 2008 R2. I can able to deploy the DB project outside Wix.
Can you help me to fix the issue.
I have download the tools from this site and ran in my local machine (which has SQL server installed). I have received the error as
I tried the resolution details from google, can't find any resolution.
Can you help me to fix the issues.
Rajesh - not sure what to do if it's working when you do a normal deploy. The message you're getting just looked like the one I got when trying to deploy to SQL 2012. :( I haven't actually worked through this process myself and we're actually prepping to upgrade our projects to SSDT/2012 projects to be ready for an upgrade later this year. Reading through the errors would lead me to lean towards a deploy problem, but if you can deploy through command line and/or through VS, I'm not sure what to do.
Has anyone tried to drop the database using this installer? What needs to be done to drop the database using uninstall?


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Dear UNL Graduate Students and Graduate Faculty Members:
An important part of the mission of the Office of Graduate Studies is to improve the quality of the graduate student experience. To that end, we spend a considerable amount of time listening to graduate students about their concerns and their suggestions for improving their graduate experience. Over the past several years, a common theme has emerged — graduate students' desire for effective mentoring.
Of course, many graduate students don't receive as much mentoring as they would like for a number of reasons, not the least of which is that most of us face many varied and competing demands. Given these challenges, we believe both students and their mentors share responsibility for improving the quality of such support. There is no substitute for a healthy relationship between mentor and protégé; this is the key to successful mentoring.
This guidebook reflects UNL's recognition of the important role mentoring plays within graduate education. Its purpose is to promote effective mentoring by describing the key elements, roles, and stages of development associated with it along with practical strategies for nurturing rewarding relationships. Because mentoring is a two-way street, this guidebook is aimed at both faculty mentors and graduate student mentees. Mentoring is key to success for all of those involved in graduate education, and we hope this guide will be a helpful resource for faculty, students, and staff alike.
The themes and recommendations outlined in this guidebook derive from several respected sources. First, we consulted resources and materials from our peer institutions and adapted many aspects of mentoring handbooks developed by the Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan, and the University of Washington. Their themes resonated well with our own campus experience. We also drew on findings from national studies and initiatives, such as the Re-envisioning the PhD project and the Woodrow Wilson Foundation's Responsive PhD Initiative. Also, we drew on insights from UNL students, faculty, and staff who have participated in UNL's Preparing Future Faculty (PFF) program.
The Office of Graduate Studies will continue to sponsor opportunities for faculty, students, and staff to promote a learning environment of excellence. We hope you will use this guide as a tool to reflect on and plan for your mentoring experiences, and to share your ideas with your peers, professors, and colleagues. We invite you to add your voice to those reflected in this guidebook by sharing your thoughts with us by sending email to email@example.com. Join us as we continue to discuss and address the role of mentoring in graduate education.
We wish you every success as you engage in the challenging and rewarding experiences of higher education.
Your Friends in the Office of Graduate Studies
OriginsIn Greek mythology, Mentor is a friend of Odysseus and tutor of his son, Telemachus. On several occasions in the Odyssey, Athena assumes Mentor's form to give advice to Telemachus or Odysseus. Mentor's name is proverbial for a faithful and wise advisor.
Further InformationFor further information about the guidebook or other issues related to mentoring of graduate students at UNL, contact the Office of Graduate Studies at 402-472-2875.
AcknowledgementsWe thank the University of Washington for their generous permission to adapt their guidebook for graduate students, How to Obtain the Mentoring You Need.
We also thank the Rackham Graduate School at the University of Michigan, for permission to use portions of their handbook How to Get the Mentoring You Need: A Guide for Graduate Students at a Diverse University, which also served as the original basis for the University of Washington's guidebook.


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Fiduciary Services
In the late 1990s, a long-time client of the firm died. The client owned 100% of a successful professional services...
There is nothing sinister in so arranging one's affairs as to keep taxes as low as possible. Everybody does so, rich or poor, and all do right, for nobody owes any public duty to pay more than the law demands; taxes are enforced exactions, not voluntary contributions. To demand more in the name of morals is mere cant.
Judge Learned Hand
We offer integrated tax, legal and accounting services to our clients.
Bill Culp
The mind, once expanded to the dimensions of larger ideas, never returns to its original size.
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.
Steve Jobs
You have an obligation to the country's tax system, but you also have an obligation to yourself to know your rights under the law.
Donald Alexander
The secret of all victory lies in the organization of the non-obvious.
Oswald Spengler
You can't build a reputation on what you are going to do.
Henry Ford
A fool and his money are soon parted. It takes creative tax laws for the rest.
C. Bob Thaves
The best way to predict your future is to create it.
Peter Drucker
The years teach much which the days never knew.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
It requires a great deal of boldness and a great deal of caution to make a great fortune, and when you have it, it requires ten times as much skill to keep it.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Money makes money. And the money that money makes, makes more money.
Benjamin Franklin
Property given away is the only kind that will forever be yours.
Martial (1st Century A.D.)
No man ever achieved worthwhile success who did not, at one time or other, find himself with a least one foot hanging well over the brink of failure.
Napoleon Hill
Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance.
Confucius Quotes
It's not what you make, it's what you keep.
Franklin P. Adams
Your success in life isn't based on your ability to change. It is based on your ability to change faster than your competition, customers and business.
Mark Sanborn
I am proud to be paying taxes in the United States. The only thing is, I could be just as proud for half the money.
Arthur Godfrey
The more heavily a man is supposed to be taxes, the more power he has to escape being taxed.
Paul Dickson
Never say you know a man until you have divided an inheritance with him.
Johann Kaspar Lavater
Nature cannot be tricked or cheated. She will give up to you the object of your struggles only after you have paid her price.
Napoleon Hill
People who complain about taxes can be divided into two classes: men and women.
A wise man changes his mind, a fool never.
Spanish Proverb
Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.
Albert Einstein
Our goal is for our clients to pay the least amount of taxes legally possible.
Bill Culp
Next to being shot at and missed, nothing is quite as satisfying as an income tax refund.
F.J. Raymond
The successful man will profit from his mistakes and try again in a different way.
Dale Carnegie
The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.
Albert Einstein
The only difference between death and taxes is that death doesn't get worse every time Congress meets.
Will Rogers
Ideas won't keep: something must be done about them.
Alfred North Whitehead
Change is not made without inconvenience, even from worse to better.
Richard Hooker
The life of the law has not been logic, it has been experience.
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goal.
Henry Ford


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CREW TV brings you closer to the industry's
most influential leaders and thinkers. Click on the videos below to watch the interviews:
Hamilton investor Shawn Maher, founder of GS Maher Solutions Inc., shares why he left a successful career in film to become a full-time real estate investor.
Video transcript below:
Shawn Maher, Founder, G.S. Maher Solutions Inc.
Definitely leaving the film industry left a little bit, you know I loved the industry and I had passion, but I also have a passion for real estate and I think to be real, if you are going to go into this business, you gotta make sure you have a passion for it, because if you are not passionate about what you do, I don't think investing in real estate would be a great option. I think you really have to be passionate, whether it's stocks, bonds, whatever you find in life that's going to be something that you really want to work hard at.
I think you know it will all come natural depending on what you like and I think real estate is a great opportunity for people, specially Hamilton. I think Hamilton just beginning to those starting to understand it. I have got a portfolio of around 14 properties now in Hamilton. I started off very very small and I am ready to take this full time.
The main thing, the reason I made the switch into real estate investing, I knew that that's where I wanted to go is I didn't want to have anybody else have control over my business. I, you know being in the film industry I have a lot of success and you know we were nominated [before] you know to one of the East Coast Musical Awards, we were the premier film company in Toronto for shooting music videos.
But somebody else had control over my business whether you [didn't want] a music DMG, RCA and their business dictated my business. So when I felt the industry starting to kind of collapse and fall apart, my gut told me that Shawn you got to build a business that's going to be your own and you control. And stocks and bonds were a great investment but I am not sure that you have full control always over those and you know we have seen it in the market meltdown.
You know it's a great opportunity to buy when stocks are beat up like this, I agree it's a great time. Probably the only time I would ever buy and there was recession in Hamilton when went back and properties were very very very cheap and I knew that if I could get myself going with the little money I had that I would eventually build it and I would have full control over that portfolio.
Back then the rules were a little bit different when I got into my first property. You needed a little less down, but you know there is lots of avenues for financing out there even for your first property. Lenders want to lend money for property and you know I really believe that you know there is a lot of great private, you can get private money now at 5% and paying 5% for a property isn't a big deal. People were paying 8% you know 8 years ago for the same kind of properties.
So I mean you are not going to get that you know 1.85 and below prime interest rate. But you know what take a chance, if you have to pay 5% and go to a private lender, talk to a mortgage broker. Some of these guys work magic, they really really do. If you got good credit that's the main thing. I say guard your beacon scores, that's the most important thing you can do. Don't give anybody your sim number, don't let anybody pull a credit check, you need to guard that. That's your tool to financing and financing is the key for this business. So really in the beginning make sure you got clean credit, pay your bills on time and if you got clean credit and you find a good deal, someone is going to give you the money for it.
You know I did not feel any problems during the recession. I thought what's the problem. The rent checks just kept coming in and so for real estate I think you know what, as long as you buy for cash flow, forget about the capital gain. I think it's great when you are rewarded with a capital gain for doing something and holding a property. That's another advice I give, I never ever ever sell a property. From day one I have been having properties to my portfolio, I just don't sell. It does not make sense to sell, because you can always borrow against your property. So if you are selling it to get just the money, it just means you have that property now that's not giving you cash flow.
You know, I get, I am going to back to my last bit of advice is don't sell the property to cash for retirement, enjoy the cash flow. What happens as you build your portfolio, it starts paying you money on a monthly basis, it's no different than stocks pay dividend, so if you have the right portfolio built up over years and years and years of investing you are going to have a lot of equity.
So if you need a large amount of cash, you can always leverage out of your portfolio property to take cash out, which if you need a big ticket fine, but if you build up a portfolio, you see you get to a point where you have a million dollars, you should, you know should be bringing in $80,000 a year gross. I mean depending on your lifestyle and how much you need you build your portfolio to that, which is another way of retirement. I think there have been a lot of people that retire, I know a lot of people that retired with real estate portfolios and don't have any stocks at all in the market.
Perkins Coie is pleased to announce that Devin P. McComb has joined the firm's Seattle office as a partner in the Real Estate & Land Use practice
Grimsby skyline to be reshaped by tallest buildings in city: two-tower residential complex
Connect Asset Management Challenges the Financial Community to Invest in Downtown Toronto Real Estate for a Good Cause


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This Cucumber salsa is a hit no matter where I take it! A great way to use up the abundance of cucumbers from your garden! Very flavorful and colorful!
What you need:
3 cucumbers
1 Can Diced Tomatoes
1 Can Rotel
2 Tbsp finely chopped fresh cilantro
1/4 C. White Vinegar
2 Ranch Packets
Chips (or you could eat it with a spoon!)
Take the skin off of the cucumbers and cut them up in small pieces. Add your chopped cilantro.
Throw in the diced tomatoes and Rotel (or you can replace the diced tomatoes with another can of Rotel if you want it spicy!) Add your 2 pkgs of Ranch and vinegar!
Stir it together and VoiLa!! It becomes more flavorful the longer it sits, so I suggest making it early in the day if you plan to eat it that night!


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The more intense version of Chocolate Truffle cake with thicker and denser layer of chocolate. In short a stronger tint of chocolate truffle cake crafted exclusive for pro lovers of chocolate cake. Nothing can be more chocolaty than a chocolate truffle premium cake.
Weight:- 500 grams
Garnishing:- truffle
Eggbased option available
Texture:- Solid
Pure chocolate and chocolate truffle
Dark chocolate sponge
(3 to 4 hours without refrigeration)
(upto 12 hours in normal refrigeration)
(the time given here is expected and not the exact guaranteed hours of shelf life)
Truffle based
Book 3 hours in advance
19 years and above
Male and Female both
Every cake we offer is hand made by chef and every chef has different way of making the cake and garnishing. Hence the cake delivered might have the variation in design and shape.
Delivery time is dependent on factors such as availability of the product, traffic and many others. Hence the time selected is the estimated time of delivery.
Cakes being the edible and perishable item, we will be attempting the delivery once. If the receiver is not at the delivery location and the cake is returned we might have to discard the cake depending on the quality after the attempt of delivery.
Delivery in no case can be redirected to any other address.
Occasionally, nearest replacements of the product selected might be necessary to be delivered as all the products might not be available sometime.
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Balige, Where I'd Rather Be (With My Best Friends)
Speaking about best friends, I confess that I have three very closed friends that I've been known since the very first days I stepped my feet at my university. Along with these three people, I shared my dreams, my hopes, my tears, my fears and my happiness. Still with these three people, we've shared a lot of bitter-sweet stories in our life, from getting our first jobs, complicated relationship, loosing the jobs and getting the jobs again, important decision in life, and many more. We've been friends for almost twenty years, coming from different ethnic, different religion and different political sights. With my job record, that move from one place to another, it could see that we did not always live closed to each other. However, thanks to the modern technology, communication between us kept continuing, no matter how far we are from each other. Every time I come home for holiday or my short break, these three people are some of few people that I prioritize to see. And no matter what they do, these three always did their best to see me.
So, once upon the time, when I came home for my annual visit, along with two of them, we planned to get a short weekend gateway. We planned to go to Balige, a capital of Toba Samosir District, with Lake Toba in it. In my previous post, I explained that Lake Toba is the largest volcanic lake in the world. For more photos, you could see it HERE. The reason why we want to visit this place is to retrace our experience to finish our final project when we were in university. Thirteen years before, when we were architecture students, we chose to use this district as the location of our project. Thus, thirteen years after, we just wanted to remember our struggles that brought us to where we are today. Rotua, she's a civil servant in Public Works Department by the way, suggested us to stay at Tarabunga Hotel in Balige. What makes the hotel special is its location that is only able to be reached by boat, since there was no access road to get there through the mainland. Sonya (she's interior architect) and I agreed to meet her in Balige city center, since Sonya and I live in the same city. Meanwhile, Rotua lives in Dolok Sanggul, another city located around two hours driving from Balige.
Sonya and I arrived in Balige in Friday afternoon by taking travel minibus from Medan, which took 6 hours driving. When we arrived, Rotua was there already, and we didn't want to miss the time. We went to Opung Dorti Hotel, the sister hotel of Tarabunga Hotel, where Rotua could park her car. The next time we know, we're already on the boat and heading to Tarabunga Hotel. The hotel is lovely. It was not as fancy as five star hotel, but much comfortable than motel. Moreover, its quite location is perfect, where we could enjoy the beauty of lake Toba, taking a boat trip or playing with banana boat. When we're too lazy to walk, we could just sit by swimming pool that is located at the edge of the hill, with direct view of Lake Toba. We occupied triple room for us. The room was okay, the breakfast was nice with traditional Indonesian breakfast. In the dinning room, a big screen for karaoke is available. At our first night, I used our dinner time to sing some of my favorite songs.
The next day, we headed to Muara, a town that has important role in our life during our life as architecture student. To get there, Rotua drove her car (the same car that she used twenty years ago when she helped us to carry our architecture model from home to school), while Sonya and I sat at passenger seats and kept reminding her that she's not driver of Formula 1. Spending most of the time together at university, we faced a lot of incidents with this car: witnessed Rotua drove us for the first time after getting her driving licenses, small accident when becak (three wheels motor bike) hit the car, and we still couldn't understand the reason until today why Rotua had to responsible for the accident, our trips to Balige for our final projects, where Sonya and I lied to our parents, by telling them that we had another person who could drive when Rotua got tired while driving. In fact, Rotua was the only person who was capable with the driving car and had the valid driving license.
So, he we were, heading to Muara. Along the way, we were spoiled by view of the country side. After working closed to the district for nearly 10 years, Rotua knows the area as she knows her own body. She took us to the highest location where we could witness the beauty of Lake Toba from the top. Most of population in Balige are Christian. However, some community is still influenced by the local culture and traditional customs to live their live. It's not merely seen from the typical of traditional houses that they still use nowadays, but also large cemeteries located in the middle of big yard, constructed with fancy materials. Generally speaking, this cemeteries are purposed to the old people, such as grand parents. The older they died, the fancier grave they had.We stopped at Muara town for couple of hours and had our lunch here. We stopped at one of restaurant, unfortunately I forgot what the name is, and ordered big grilled gold fish to each of us. The fish itself was really fresh taken directly from the lake, located next to the restaurant.
Later, Rotua showed us the area where she's working at. Along the way, we passed school kids walking, coming home from school. There was no public transport available, therefore they need to walk for some kilo meters ever day just to get into the school. At the other corner, we met an old lady carrying woods on her head. I suddenly feel sad and so much lucky in the same time. We passed one waterfall that is just located some few steps from the main road. The sound of water could be heard from some hundred meters away. Some locals used the water for their daily needs, such as bathing, or using it to cook and drink. I hope that would be fine since the area is still clean and far from pollution. What I like from driving around the country side is the landscape scenery that would be almost impossible to see in the big city where I live in.
This time, if I could choose, I'd rather be there, with my best friends, to talk, laugh, insult, and cry together. What about you? Where would you rather be?


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The resignation of two suspended NSW Liberal MPs is expected to be announced in NSW Parliament on Tuesday afternoon just hours after NSW Premier Mike Baird resisted mounting pressure to help expel the pair from Parliament.
The Herald understands Speaker Shelley Hancock will announce the resignations of Newcastle MP Tim Owen and Charlestown MP Andrew Cornwell before question time at 2.15pm.
In an extraordinary development on Tuesday morning, Mr Owen, a suspended Liberal MP, confessed to a corruption inquiry that he lied about returning an envelope stuffed with $10,000 in cash to property developer and now Newcastle lord mayor Jeff McCloy.
Mr Owen admitted at the Independent Commission Against Corruption that he met Mr McCloy on Sunday and the two men "shook hands" on a plan to lie under oath about the money.
The inquiry heard Mr McCloy will give evidence that Mr Owen told him that "my wife will divorce me" if he admitted taking the cash, which is prohibited under laws in NSW banning political donations from property developers.
The shock confession puts the Newcastle MP under pressure to quit Parliament immediately rather than waiting until the 2015 election.
Charleston MP Andrew Cornwell has also admitted to taking $20,000 from property developers and is also facing calls to quit.
Mr McCloy has been urged to step down as lord mayor during the inquiry.
"I think it's fair to say that every person across NSW will feel appalled, they'll feel angry and they'll feel betrayed by events they've seen over the past couple of days ... it's how I feel," Mr Baird said during a press conference on Tuesday afternoon.
"Being a member of Parliament is an incredible honour and privilege. It brings an incredible amount of trust and respect. It is something that should be given the highest amount of trust and respect by every single member.
"I say to the members [Mr Owen and Mr Cornwell], it is time to consider their positions."
Asked why he would not support a motion by Greens MP Jamie Parker that would see Mr Cornwell expelled from Parliament, Mr Baird argued that was a decision for Mr Cornwell to make.
"Every single member of Parliament deserves the right to due process," Mr Baird said. "That means there's no formal finding, there's no formal charge that has come against any single member of Parliament. I will not be participating in any stunts or political games that those opposite want to to play."
During Tuesday's ICAC hearing, Mr Owen admitted he and Mr McCloy agreed to give evidence yesterday that he had only received $2000 and that he had returned it. But he said on Tuesday he took $10,000 in cash and the money was "rolled into" his campaign.
Mr McCloy will give evidence that Mr Owen said his wife Charlotte Thaarup-Owen would divorce him as he had "sworn on a stack of bibles" that he had not taken illegal donations during his campaign, a claim Mr Owen denies.
The commission has previously heard that Mr McCloy and Mr Owen met at a coffee shop in Sydney in May this year after Mr Owen gave evidence in private to the ICAC.
Mr Owen had come directly from giving evidence at a secret hearing at ICAC. It is an offence for a person to disclose that they have given evidence in private at the commission.
Mr McCloy's barrister Ian Faulkner, SC, said Mr Owen said that the ICAC was not interested in him because he knew nothing about funding.
Mr Owen said he could not recall saying that.


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Fri, Sep 26, 2014
Chicago, IL
Runs are lead by the knowledgeable guides of City Running Tours. The tours will be run at a casual pace to suit all running levels, but on average pace around 10 min/mile while running. The total tour time averages 1 - 1.5 hrs, varying by group. You are encouraged to bring your camera, as there can be stops along the way to take in the scenery.You will be responsible for your arrival to and departure from the meeting location. City Running Tours offers both guided personalized and group running tours of major cities across the United States, accommodating your needs as both a runner and tourist. Share your love of running with us as we share our city with you!


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Pipe burst floods Metro Hall
Water-supply pipe bursts on sixth floor
A water-supply pipe burst and flooded Metro Hall on Saturday.
Officials said the pipe burst on the sixth floor, and sent water to the fourth floor and into the recently renovated office of Mayor Greg Fischer.
A communications suite also was flooded on the second floor of the building.
"I had never seen anything like it. Waters was just pouring down walls. It sounded like a waterfall. Water's just dripping everywhere," said Chris Poynter, spokesman for the mayor.
Authorities said the problem was discovered by one of the mayor's staff about 2 p.m., and a concerted effort was launched to save valuable artwork on loan from the Speed Museum, as well as historic furniture.
An investigation is underway to determine if the burst pipe is related to an underground fire that caused some small explosions.
"This is a very old building. We have a lot of old pipes, and we think the pipe just burst, and that's when the water started. It started on the sixth floor and came all the way down to the first floor," said Poynter.
Poynter said Metro Hall will be open next week, but some staffers will need to be relocated for as long as two weeks.
"It really becomes three jobs. One is to get it stabilized (Saturday night). Sunday was to start the process of drying the building down, and when we're finished, we will turn it back over to the city to let them do the reconstruction," said Bill Horn, president of Paul Davis Restoration.
The Jefferson County Clerk's Office, which is also located in Metro Hall, was not affected.


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Are you coughing? Have you developed a fever? Are you experiencing shortness of breath? If you have these symptoms and are concerned you may have the coronavirus, please stay at home and immediately contact your family doctor. If you don't have a doctor, please call the 1710 !
GronikowskaDanutaRue Gatti de Gamond, 1181180Uccle


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23 October, 2013 | (01 hr)
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