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Hertz Launches Electric Car Club For Milton Keynes
Hertz On Demand provides Nissan LEAF car share service for residents and visitors.
LONDON, Jan. 15, 2013 // PRNewswire // -- The Hertz Corporation (NYSE:HTZ) has signed an all-electric car sharing partnership with Milton Keynes Council. Through the free-to-join Hertz On Demand car sharing club, local residents and businesses will be able to reserve and drive Nissan LEAF vehicles in Milton Keynes from just £5.00 per hour. Customers will be able to park and charge the vehicles for free at charging bays in the city. Additionally, customers can top up their electric charge at more than 100 towns and cities across the UK, including London, Luton and Cambridge, through Chargemaster's Source London and POLAR national electric vehicle charging networks.
Michel Taride, President of Hertz International, said: "It is a pleasure to work with Milton Keynes Council to launch electric vehicle car sharing for residents, businesses and visitors. Electric vehicles are of huge importance to us and in the UK we're dedicated to expanding our electric mobility solutions outside of London. This partnership highlights the growing popularity of car-sharing in communities seeking green solutions which are both convenient and cost-effective. The other attraction of this scheme lies in its simplicity - members can simply click, book and drive."
Councillor Bint Cabinet Member for Transport and Highways commented: "We are delighted to be able to offer the Hertz On Demand car sharing scheme to residents and visitors. Milton Keynes Council is committed to reducing the impact on our natural environment and we always welcome ideas which will assist us in achieving this goal. The Hertz On Demand electric car share service is an excellent addition to our existing environmental initiatives; not only helping us in cutting down on our carbon emissions but also contributing to our local community by reducing traffic congestion and the pressure for residents' parking spaces."
David Martell, Chief Executive of Chargemaster plc, added: "Chargemaster is delighted to be participating in such an innovative programme along with Hertz and Milton Keynes Council. Users will have the benefit of being able to charge their cars at many places across the region and nationally through the POLAR charging network, making everyday usage a viable proposition. This scheme will further help familiarise people with electric vehicles and encourage an increase in their adoption."
Committed to providing an economical, convenient and socially-conscious alternative to car ownership, Hertz On Demand offers a global network of car share vehicles for rental by the hour or day. This includes electric vehicles in cities such as Rome, Paris, London and New York.
In Milton Keynes, the Hertz On Demand electric cars are available to hire from £5.00 per hour, and can be booked in seconds over the phone, using an iPhone app, or by visiting www.hertzondemand.co.uk. Rates include insurance, maintenance, cleaning, and roadside assistance, and all-electric vehicles eliminate the costs of fuel and mileage fees.
In addition to the 100 POLAR charging points in Milton Keynes and within 20 miles of the town, the POLAR charging scheme provides Hertz On Demand customers with access to over 2,000 points across the country, including rapid charging units that can charge a Nissan LEAF in approximately 20 minutes.
Hertz On Demand customers also exclusively benefit from a membership that is free for life, while the global roaming network allows access to vehicles in seven countries worldwide, more than any other provider. Membership is open to anyone over the age of 21 with a licence valid for the UK.
All Hertz On Demand customers benefit from keyless entry to vehicles via a smart chip-enabled RFID device, along with access to a cutting-edge communication system that offers in-vehicle member care around the clock. The Nissan LEAF provides efficiency, performance and range: a complete recharge can support more than 100 miles (175km) while on-board technology generates electricity while travelling.
As the world's largest general-use car-rental brand, Hertz is introducing multiple groups of consumers to all-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Through partnerships with a range of organisations including manufacturers, charging networks, corporations and universities, Hertz is making it easier than ever before for consumers to trial electric technology.
Committed to increasing its global electric vehicle presence, Hertz also plans to deploy vehicles in other countries and territories in coming months, leveraging its rental and car sharing locations as bases for vehicles and charging stations. Furthermore Hertz's advance technology – including sophisticated fleet management tools and consumer-facing GPS systems – will be employed to achieve a goal of an international electric vehicle grid.
About Hertz On Demand
Hertz On Demand has more than 230,000 members and 1600 vehicles located at over 800 locations worldwide, including cities, corporate offices and universities. Hertz On Demand offers vehicles equipped with keyless entry, and benefits covered by the competitive hourly rate including fuel, insurance, 24/7 roadside assistance, 24-hour in car Member Care Centre communication, and, in the US, 180 free miles per 24 hours. For more information about Hertz On Demand in the UK, visit www.hertzondemand.com/London/en-GB/Home
About Hertz
Hertz is the world's largest general use car rental company, operating from over 8,650 corporate locations in 150 countries worldwide. Hertz is in its 93rd year of delivering quality car rental solutions to leisure and corporate customers. Product and service innovations such as Hertz #1 Club Gold, Worldwide Online Check-in, specially designed NeverLost® satellite navigation systems, and unique cars offered through the company's Prestige, Family, Fun/Adrenaline and Green Collections, set Hertz apart from the competition. For more information please go to http://www.hertz.com/
About Milton Keynes Council
Milton Keynes has a track record of linking innovation, CO2 reduction in energy efficiency on the one hand and quality of life on the other. Its well-coordinated programmes featuring cutting edge technologies and pioneering partners means we are leading the way in reducing carbon emissions across the borough and becoming a show case city. As part of its transport strategy we are fast becoming something of a green transport hub with the introduction of electric car charging points, e-car clubs and the new plans to introduce electric buses in the borough in 2013. For more information visit: www.milton-keynes.gov.uk/
About the Nissan LEAF
Nissan LEAF is a highly popular all-electric vehicle and features a 4 star Euro NCAP rating. It comes with a compact electric engine, with 80 kW power and 280 NM torque, powered by a 24 kWh lithium ion laminated battery which guarantees efficiency, great performance and range. While travelling downhill or braking, the special brake system converts the Nissan LEAF's kinetic energy into electric energy, helping to recharge the battery. A dashboard display indicates the efficiency of the driving. A complete recharge is enough for a distance of 175 km. In addition, with the ECO option drivers can reduce the electric energy consumption, increasing the driving range per recharge.
About Chargemaster Plc
Chargemaster is the premier supplier of electric vehicle charging solutions in the UK and Europe. Its partners and customers include: TfL, Hertz, Waitrose, Asda, Sainsbury, SSE, British Gas, EDF, Vinci, East of England PiP and over 15 local authorities across the UK. Chargemaster has recently won a significant contract to install up to 1,000 charging units in Amsterdam over the next two years. Chargemaster charging units have been tested and validated by all current manufacturers of electric vehicles. Chargemaster's technical and management team led by David Martell has over 25 years' experience in developing and managing telematics and motoring orientated infrastructures. This was largely developed through its work at Trafficmaster which saw the roll out of over 6,000 traffic detection sites in England, Scotland and Wales. For more information on Chargemaster please visit: www.chargemasterplc.com
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Like an app store for jailbroken iPhone apps, Planet-iPhone's Cydia Search lets you check out apps before downloading them on your smartphone.
You can browse using different search criteria, such as category or author, but unlike ModMyi it presents the search results in a much more Apple-esque interface. [Cydia Search via TUAW]

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I have just returned from a "Twitter Cocktail" event and I am very happy to say I bring you good news from that event, alongside other important news. Here we go:
I spent a good portion of the time speaking with a very talented young man, also names Alon. He is responsible, among other projects, to the Israeli adaptation of Twitter. We also spoke for an hour on the phone a couple of days ago. Anyway, he's willing to help with the automation process, which means that all of you who are waiting to be followed back (and unfortunately there are quite a few of you, sorry about that) will be followed by @TheKotel very soon. Then you'll be able to tweet your prayers. Sorry it's taking so much time; just hang in there. It's coming. Soon!
What's needed now is to be whitlisted by Twitter. What does whitelisting mean? Well, you can only follow so many people on Twitter for a given period of time, and also send a limited number of messages/tweets. If you exceed Twitter's limit – your account is suspended. It already happened to @TheKotel in late July, if you were around back then and remember. It is better not to play games with Twitter, because they can suspend, and even delete your account. This is why I couldn't follow-back all those needing to be followed. Just didn't want to be suspended again – and in such event I wouldn't be able to process any prayers at all. Anyways, to make a long story short, whitelisting means that Twitter decides your account doesn't have a following/tweeting limit. Which would allow, technically speaking, to serve an infinite number of people. Pretty cool huh? 🙂 So I'm still waiting to hear from Twitter regarding the whitelisting status. Hope to get good news very soon.
Alon and I also discussed new features and services, which would definitely make your use of TweetYourPrayers more exciting. But one thing at a time.
I was invited to speak and present @TheKotel and TweetYourPrayers at two conferences. One is in Tel-Aviv in about a month's time. The second is abroad. Where exactly? Well, I'll tell you in good time 🙂 . I hope it will get enough attention to attract donors and sponsors.
I'll add a Gallery section to the website in a day or two. It will have pictures from Jerusalem and the Western Wall. Just adding the finishing touches to the gallery; so far it looks pretty good.
I spoke with an accountant. He told me I should put up a donation box on the website, and that the technical procedure of paying income taxes here in Israel is nothing to be scared of. So I added a donation box; If you'd like to make a donation – you can just click on the yellow/orange "donate" button to the right, or go to the Help Us page and donate from there (again, click on the donate button). All donations are carried out by PayPal.
That's it for now. Stay tuned!
Tags: alon, conferences, donations, follow, prayers, sponsors, Twitter, whitelist


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Anonymity needs to be preserved in some situations, but in the case of some security threats, total anonymity is dangerous. Michael Kassner looks at the problem of remailers.
My neighbor -- a native of Pittsburgh -- was really upset last night. "I'd like to get my hands on the scum." Not a pleasant thought considering few standard-sized cars fit around him.
Staying out of harm's way, I asked what was wrong. "They're messing with my granddaughter," he said. "You know the one that goes to 'Pitt'." Who in their right mind would do that, I wondered. My neighbor's wife handed me a copy of this letter from the Dean of Students:
"First and foremost, I want to reiterate that your safety is our primary concern, and that no explosive devices have been found in any of our buildings after thorough evacuations and searches. We will continue to increase the police presence and security on campus and work with the FBI, the U. S. Attorney's office, and local authorities to bring an end to these threats."
The Story
You may remember that the University of Pittsburgh had a shooting incident in March. If that's not enough, the university now has received several bomb threats -- the reason my neighbor is so upset. According to this Pittsburgh Post Gazette article, the threats began as bathroom graffiti, graduating to emails sent to local newspapers.
One quote in the article immediately grabbed my attention:
"It would be very difficult if not impossible to trace this," Ms. Cranor said.
You may recognize the name Cranor. Dr. Lorrie Faith Cranor provided insight on numerous articles of mine. Lorrie oversees Carnegie Mellon University's CyLab Usable Privacy and Security Lab -- only a few blocks from the Pitt campus.
The article also mentioned that remailer technology was used to send the threat emails. I knew very little about remailers, and less yet as to why it's hard to determine the sender. I did know that needed to change.
Remailers are Internet-connected servers designed to forward email without revealing any information about the sender. Remailer technology is divided into two major categories -- "traceable" and "anonymous."
Services like Craig's List or Match.com use the traceable (pseudo-anonymous) version. It's where the service provider replaces the email address of the sender with a pseudonym before the email is sent to the recipient. This way, neither the sender nor recipient knows the other's address.
But the provider does, and that could be a problem for the sender wanting to remain anonymous. Law-enforcement agencies could obtain a court order to release the information.
Anonymous remailers are different:
"By not keeping any list of users and corresponding anonymizing labels for them, a remailer can ensure that any message that has been forwarded leaves no internal information behind that can later be used to break identity confidentiality."
Routing information is not stored, hence nothing to turn over. So, anonymous remailers are preferred by those wanting complete anonymity.
My first thought was; why even use traceable remailers? Then I found out why. Anonymous remailers are not user-friendly and difficult to setup. That fact is not lost on the investigators when they determined Mixmaster -- an anonymous remailer -- was the weapon of choice for sending threats to the University of Pittsburgh.
Per Wikipedia:
"Mixmaster is an anonymous remailer which sends messages in fixed-size packets and reorders them, preventing anyone watching the messages go in and out of remailers from tracing them."
It seems that Mixmaster is up to the task of anonymizing:
- No retention of routing data
- No way to check the remailing servers
I'm afraid there's more. It's possible to employ several Mixmaster servers in a chain; each stripping information from the previous server before forwarding the email. The email eventually gets to the recipient, but all traces of the original sender are gone. Finally, if the sender is super-serious, the intermediary remailing servers could be located in different countries -- to leverage the lack of cooperation across borders.
Now I understand why Lorrie said it's almost impossible to determine the email's origin if remailers are used.
Final thoughts
I'm not sure how I would feel if my son received a letter like the one sent to my neighbor's granddaughter. How about you?


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Home of the tree of life, which represents the cosmovision of the Mayan World
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The site is located 13 kilometers from Tapachula, 4 kilometers from Tuxtla Chico, and 7 kilometers from the border with Guatemala, in Talismán.
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In the region of Soconusco, Chiapas, among warm natural landscapes that start in the lowland, multiply in the Sierra Madre, and culminate in the coastal plain, there is a jewel hidden amongst the coffee plantations and the cocoa fields. A jewel that is not nearly as valued as it should be: the archaeological site of Izapa.
Founded around the year 1,500 B.C., Izapa was the most important ceremonial, political, and religious center of the Pacific coast for almost a thousand years. Its importance was due to commercial factors, as well as for being the region's religious center. Its position favored migrations and the trade of jade, cocoa, and obsidian, however its ruins do not house spectacular structures or famous paintings like other sites, as it lost a great deal of importance during the Mayan Classic period.
Izapa, originally inhabited by Mize-zoque people, began its development around 600 B.C. and reached its peak as a regional center toward the upper Preclassic period, due mostly to the climactic characteristics of where it is located, with its fertile soil and high humidity, which allowed the creation of an intensive agricultural system and surplus stock.
The location and planning of its ceremonial center is full ofastronomical references, to the point that many archaeologists believe that Izapa had a key role in the construction of Mesoamerican calendars and the Mayan calendar in particular. Its orientation, on a slightly askew angle from the geographical north and its alignment with the Tacaná volcano, have led to the conclusion that its best structures and pyramids for astronomical observation match the dusk of the winter solstice in the northern hemisphere.
The ancient city of Izapa was explored by Matthew Stirling in 1935; by Philip Drucker, from the Smithsonian Institution in 1947 and 1948; and was inspected by Eulalia Guzmán in 1935 and 1944.
Various stelae narrate some of the myths collected in the Popol Vuh.
The archaeological zone is quite wide, it has an area of two kilometers and is comprised of groups of mounds.
Today, it is only possible to visit Group F, north of the highway to Talismán, it is the most restored area, which groups together most of the stelae and stone sculptures. Groups A and B, to the south, are accessible through dirt roads, but the area is covered in vegetation. Most of the stelae are in Groups A and B, which correspond to the site's Preclassic occupation.
Izapa had more than 160 buildings including pyramids and platforms of up to 22 meters high. Today, the largest pyramid is mound 60 which is approximately 105 square meters and 22 meters tall, and is located in the site's Group H.
Another important monument is Mound 30 A, located in group B, which is a 10 meter high staggered pyramid that was also used for religious and ritualistic purposes.
It probably had two ball courts in two open areas, but whether these areas were used for this game or to some other end is still in debate.
There are also 252 stone monuments, most of them are sculpted and 89 are stelae carved with religious scenes.
In fact, Izapa's peculiarity lies in its sculptures and the origins of its style. The Izapan culture was influenced by the Olmeca from the gulf's coast, but with specific characteristics that spread throughout other regions of the coast of Chiapas and Guatemala. Izapan sculpture, religious in its origins, registers mythical and historical events, as well as religious and cosmogonic concepts.
The site has numerous monuments. The simplest of them are stone spheres placed on columns, which were possibly solar representations. Then there are the free-standing sculptures, such as the monolith representing an enormous jaguar, with its open jaws, devouring a man.
There are about 89 precious examples of stelae, 38 of which have carved surfaces. Stela 1 describes a water deity with a prominent jaw and long lips characteristic of Chaak, the rain god in classic Mayan art, capturing fish.
Stelae 2 illustrates a scene in the Mayan legend of the origin of Popol Vuh, according to which the twin heroes beat a false macaw god, causing it to lose its bejeweled eyes, its beak, and its teeth. Discouraged by its loss, the macaw god died. According to the Popol Vuh, Zipacna, the son of Macaw Seven, killed four hundred family members of the twin heroes, which led them to deceive the great crocodile to crawl under the Meauan Mountains and turn into stone.
The most famous stela is No. 5, or of the Tree of Life, which displays a supreme entity constructing the Universe and its relationship with the earth, fire, and water. This stela is on display at the Archaeological Museum of Soconusco, located at Tapachula.
Wear comfortable footwear, preferably something sporty, pants, preferably cotton, a long-sleeve shirt, and a bandana or hat. Remember to bring mosquito repellent, as you'll be in the jungle.
Prior to arrival check the weather conditions and choose the best timing by clicking here.
Remember the importance of respecting the place you are visiting and keeping it clean.
How to arrive
From the state capital, Tuxtla Gutierrez, to Tapachula, there is a travel time of 40 minutes by pla...
From the state capital, Tuxtla Gutierrez, to Tapachula, there is a travel time of 40 minutes by plane. By land, the trip consists of 420 km, which is an average travel time of 5 and a half hours. Once in Tapachula, the closest location to Izapa, the distance is 13 km and travel time is 10 minutes.
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The biggest promise Mitt Romney made on accepting the Republican presidential nomination wasn�t to create 12 million jobs. It came when he ridiculed Barack Obama�s 2008 pledge to �heal the earth� with his own: �My promise is to help you and your family.�
It sounds like a platitude, but Romney�s promise can � and should � be taken literally. Americans ought to measure exactly how Romney�s policies would help them and their families.
Imagine that Mitt Romney is sitting in this empty chair beside me. Imagine some Americans and their families posing questions to him:
�I�d like to start a small business, but I can�t afford to give up our health insurance. Besides, my wife � like yours � is a cancer survivor, so she can�t get insurance. How would repealing Obamacare help my family?�
�I work hard at my new job, but at far less pay than at the job I lost. My mortgage is underwater and I can�t get refinancing. How would cutting the budget and repealing Dodd-Frank help my family?�
�My husband is being deployed to Afghanistan � again � and I don�t know if either of us will survive this one. How does your open-ended commitment to that war help my family?�
�Our family is just getting by, so we�ll notice it if the payroll tax cut Obama signed expires Jan. 1. If you repeal the estate tax and cut taxes more for wealthy people and pay for it by taking away my deductions for mortgage interest, college tuition or health insurance, how does that help my family?�
�I want to improve my skills, but college costs and student loans are killing me. How does cutting Pell grants and letting banks charge higher interest rates on student loans help my family?�
�Grandma�s in the nursing home and I don�t know what we�d do if Medicaid wasn�t covering her bills. How does cutting Medicaid or returning it to the states to be cut help my family?�
One of the problems with the new radical Republicans is that, while they have plenty of sympathy for families in need -- especially when asking for their voters � they have an ideological aversion to the idea of government helping them. Government is the problem, not the solution. Families should look for help elsewhere.
It was a nice line in Romney�s speech, but he shouldn�t make promises his party isn�t interested in keeping.
Rick Holmes, opinion editor for the MetroWest (Mass.) Daily News, blogs at Holmes & Co. He can be reached at email@example.com.
Rick Holmes: Mitt's here to help your family
The biggest promise Mitt Romney made on accepting the Republican presidential nomination wasn�t to create 12 million jobs. It came when he ridiculed Barack Obama�s 2008 pledge to �heal the earth� with his own: �My promise is to help you and your family.�


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Prince: Chaos, Disorder, and Revolution
Prince imbued his art with his idiosyncratic view of life, turning out music from the mind of a sex-obsessed deviant, a bomb-fearing party-animal, and a God-fearing man searching for a ways to reconcile the spiritual with the sexual… and so much more.
Excerpted from Prince: Chaos, Disorder, and Revolution by Jason Draper. Available from Backbeat Books. Copyright © 2011. Reprinted by permission of Backbeat Books. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
"I make music because if I don't, I'd die. I record because it's in my blood. I hear sounds all the time. It's almost a curse: to know you can always make something new." — Prince
Prince Rogers Nelson first became fascinated with music at the age of six, when he saw his father's three-piece jazz band perform. Everything about it seemed amazing: the sounds that came out of his father's piano; the chorus girls that came out dancing at Nelson Sr.'s command; the emotive power the whole thing had over the people in the audience.
Author: Jason Draper
Publisher: Backbeat Books
Publication date: 2011-04
Format: Hardcover
Length: 288 pages
Price: $19.99
Affiliate: http://www.halleonardbooks.com/index.jsp?subsiteid=168 (Backbeat Books)
Image: http://images.popmatters.com/news_art/b/bythebook-prince-cvr.jpgPrince became obsessed with music as an outlet for his innermost feelings. In the 80s, those feelings seemed to fall perfectly in tune with the zeitgeist. Twenty years after that epochal event in a tiny jazz club in his hometown of Minneapolis, Minnesota, Prince had become a global superstar. The most famous musician on the planet, the author and star of Purple Rain, had only just turned 26. Commercial success is one thing. Being one of the most important and talented artists ever to have graced the earth is quite another. With the April 1978 release of his debut, For You, Prince began a ten-year run of albums on which he continued to push himself and his art further and further. In a decade widely remembered for its selfishness and soullessness, Prince redefined the concept of "soulful" music.
Taking his lead from the flag-bearers of funk — Sly Stone, James Brown, and George Clinton — and artistic pioneers such as Miles Davis and Joni Mitchell, Prince imbued his art with his idiosyncratic view of life, turning out music from the mind of a sex-obsessed deviant (Dirty Mind); a bomb-fearing party-animal ("1999"); a God-fearing man searching for a ways to reconcile the spiritual with the sexual (Lovesexy); and so much more.
When Prince had finished redefining the music, he took his battle for individuality to the record business. During the 90s he waged war against his record label, Warner Bros., changed his name to an unpronounceable symbol, and pronounced himself a slave to the system. He might have faced derision from all corners then but now, a decade into the 21st century, it's become obvious that Prince's actions weren't just crucial for him, but for whole generations of musicians to come.
Many in the music business continue to suffer as a result of their initial failure to embrace the internet, but not Prince. He was the first artist to release a whole album online via his own self-financed record label, and has continued to seek out new ways to release and promote his music, even going so far as to give it away for free. His fight for artists' rights has shown future generations that they don't have to adhere to anyone else's rules, and shown how one man can stay relevant for more than 30 years on the strength of a passion to challenge the status quo and change the way things are done.
It should come as no surprise that an artist who wages war on staying still remains impossible to define. "I'm not a woman, I'm not a man," he sang on Purple Rain's "I Would Die 4 U." "I am something you'll never understand." He has remained true to that expression ever since, whether by fusing masculine and feminine concepts, changing his name to an unpronounceable symbol (and back again), turning his back on his raunchy past and becoming a devout Jehovah's Witness, or breaking new ground on the internet and then seemingly removing himself from it entirely. Throughout it all he remains Prince: indefinable, contradictory, an enigma wholly committed to beating his own path.
This book is not a muckraker, it's not a gossip, and it's sure as hell not bent on setting one man up to knock him down. Prince has been ridiculous, Prince has been amusing, Prince has been astounding. He's been the envy of every musician on the planet. His peers might be stuck in an endless cycle of albums and tours, but Prince doesn't need to be seen unless he wants you to see him. Prince: Chaos, Disorder, and Revolution will simply tell you what happened and how, leaving it up to you to make your own conclusions about the man who has done it all, and yet continues to look for more ways in which to do it.
Jason Draper
London, England
I Wasn't Born Like My Brother: Handsome And Tall
"I went through a lot when I was a boy. They called me sissy, punk, freak, and faggot. See, the girls loved you, but the boys hated you. They called me Princess." — Prince
"I named my son Prince because I wanted him to do everything I wanted to do," Prince's father, John L. Nelson, told A Current Affair in 1991. Even though his son was only 33 at the time, Nelson Sr. boasted: "He's done all of it."
Much less could be said for John L., a gifted pianist and leader of The Prince Rogers Trio — a Minneapolis jazz combo that gave Prince Rogers Nelson his name. With both parents musicians (his mother, Mattie Shaw, was a former jazz singer), Prince was surrounded by music from the moment he was taken home. Apart from co-credits on his son's future compositions, however, John L. Nelson would struggle to break out of the small-time gigging scene. His son would go on to become the first artist since The Beatles to simultaneously land a Number One album, single, and film — all at the age of just 24.
Having struggled in Louisiana, Prince's parents had moved separately to Minnesota during the early 50s in search of work in a part of America that was known for its liberal race-relations. Prince would later use his parents' mixed heritage — his father was part Italian, while his mother had African American, Native American, and white roots — to confuse interviewers who refused to focus on his music alone. A much less mixed influence was, undoubtedly, John L.'s career as pianist in the Minneapolis clubs.
Prince was born on June 7, 1958 at Mount Sinai Hospital, Minneapolis, and at the age of five was taken by his mother to see The Prince Rogers Trio play in a downtown Minneapolis club. The group's mix of jazz standards and original material wasn't earth-shattering, but the experience seemed nonetheless to change Prince forever. He watched with interest as his father, decked out in the sharpest of suits, led the band through its repertoire and held sway over the crowd. When a line of dancing girls came out — seemingly also under Nelson's control — Prince had seen all he needed to see to know that the musician's life was for him.
There are similar echoes in Prince's recollections of seeing James Brown at the age of ten. "[My] stepdad put me on stage with him," he told MTV in 1985, "and I danced a bit until the bodyguard took me off." Like Nelson Sr., Brown would have a lasting effect on the boy. "He inspired me because of the control he had over his band," Prince later revealed, "and because of the beautiful dancing girls he had. I wanted both."
There was a piano in the front room of the Nelsons' house, and whenever he wasn't at school or at the local Seventh Day Adventist church, the young Prince — nicknamed Skipper by his mom — could be found playing it. The first pieces he learnt to play were the theme tunes to Batman and The Man From U.N.C.L.E.; by the age of seven, he had reportedly written his first song, "Funkmachine."
The city of Minneapolis itself was similarly influential on Prince's development. It was one of the few places in America's Midwest where white and black communities weren't so strictly divided, which meant that radio was also less segregated. Whereas big cities such as New York and Chicago had stations that played black music all day, KUXL would only broadcast contemporary funk and soul between 10am and 2pm before reverting to rock'n'roll later in the day, when more listeners would be tuned in. "Listening to white radio was a positive thing that gave [Prince] a real, rounded way of finding out what was going on in music," his first manager, Owen Husney, later recalled, noting that being forced to listen to white pop gave Prince "a real edge."
Music and the radio became a means of escapism for the young Prince as he sought both a way to communicate his innermost thoughts and also a diversion from the physical abuse he suffered at the hands of his father. He has since downplayed this area of his upbringing, telling Larry King that his father was merely "a very strict disciplinarian," but the situation appears to have been rather more serious than that. Prince has reportedly shared stories of abuse with a few close confidantes, notably Susan Rogers, his engineer from 1983 to 1988, who worked on his bestselling albums. "Prince told me there was abuse in his childhood," she later recalled. "He had a weird name, he was small. He was also extremely intelligent and sensitive." Confirming such claims, Prince addressed family abuse in the semi-autobiographical Purple Rain movie and the song "Papa," on which he sings: "Don't abuse children, or else they turn out like me."


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To move the UN towards carbon neutrality requires the help of all UN staff, consultants, interns and volunteers.
We can all be part of creating a more sustainable UN, simply by making small changes in our day-to-day work. Make a pledge to fly less or start an office recycling programme – every action counts and will help to reduce the UN's emissions of carbon dioxide.
We've put together some simple ideas to inspire you. You can choose from our selection, or create your own pledges.
|Green champion
|Green Champion: Sybille
|United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
|Green champion
|Green Champion: Stephen
|United Nations Office at Vienna (UNOV)
|Green champion
|Green Champion: Dalita
|United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
|Green champion
|Green Champion: Sam
|World Food Programme (WFP)
|Green champion
|Green Champion: Wanessa
|World Bank Group (WBG)
The tutorial is designed for UN staff, highlighting the work that's underway across the UN System to improve its environmental performance and providing helpful advice on how each individual can contribute to that effort, by calculating and reducing their own footprint....
Many UN staff have to travel regularly just to get their jobs done. Yet travel is responsible for 54% of the UN's reported 2016 greenhouse gas emissions - 42% from air travel and the remainder (12%) from road and rail travel. Find out how you can reduce your travel-related carbon-footprint, and what the UN is doing to help you...
Using too many resources is at the heart of the sustainability challenge facing the planet. Yet we all have the power to use resources in better, more efficient ways. Find out how you can help through the choices and decisions you make every day at work...
In 2015, purchased electricity accounted for 11% of the UN's greenhouse gas emissions. Obviously electricity provides light, heat and cooling in our offices, whilst powering all our office equipment such as printers, photocopiers, telephones and computers. 'Switch it off' shows how you can help to reduce the amount of energy the UN uses, to support efforts being taken in your organization...
We are what we eat, so to be truly sustainable we need to eat better. The choices you make daily - whether you provide your own lunch, eat in the canteen or go out - can have a big impact on the environment. Follow our tips to make sure you choose the BEST lunch available...
Are you interested in green issues? Do you think there's more to be done in your office to reduce environmental impacts? Would you like to get more involved? If so, you could become a Green Champion and play a key role in moving the UN towards ever greater sustainability...


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This vendor-written tech primer has been edited by Network World to eliminate product promotion, but readers should note it will likely favor the submitter's approach.
Supporting an ever-increasing number of enterprise applications has always presented a challenge, but this pain is especially acute when operating system (OS) upgrades -- such as from Windows XP to Windows 7 or Windows 8 -- are rolled out.
"Application mapping," the process of identifying and reinstalling users' application sets, can be automated and helpful, but the traditional process is highly inefficient. However, a new approach to application mapping substantially eases the impending aggravation of a Windows migration.
OVERVIEW: Why, when and how to migrate to Windows 8
MORE: 3 tips for migrating applications to Windows 7
With traditional application mapping, the process of identifying and reinstalling the user's application set can be automated by identifying relevant applications in the old system's inventory and translating, or "mapping," them to a ConfigMgr package and program. This process is often referred to as "Package Mapping."
In fact, the Microsoft Deployment Toolkit has included a little-known application mapping solution since it original release (BDD 2.5). Variations of the original solution can be found on various public blogs; all use some form of string comparison to match Add/Remove Program entries to ConfigMgr packages and programs. At the center of the process is a custom table, populated by an administrator, containing inventoried applications display names in one column and ConfigMgr package ID's in another. A sample of what this PackageMapping table may look like is below.
The potential time savings has an obvious appeal, especially when planning a large-scale migration; but application mapping can do more than save time. First, application mapping can be used to install an upgraded version of particular applications. In the preceding example, installations of Project Professional 2007 are automatically upgraded to Project Professional 2010 during the migration. Second, this process can rationalize and reduce the size of the organization's software portfolio. Again referring to the preceding table, installations of WinZip and jZip will be replaced with 7-Zip at deployment.
While application mapping can add value to a Win7 migration, the traditional approach can introduce new challenges and complexities. The default application mapping rule is to install nothing, meaning every application to be reinstalled during deployment requires an entry in the PackageMapping table. Any product that does not match a PackageMapping table entry will not be reinstalled. For an enterprise managing hundreds or thousands of software titles, populating and maintaining the PackageMapping table may be a daunting and lengthy task.
Also, the process relies on raw, un-normalized ConfigMgr inventory data. Any variation in display name for a particular product must be identified and manually added to the PackageMapping table. In the preceding PackageMapping table, five variations in the display name for Adobe Acrobat Professional 8 exist in the environment, requiring five separate table entries. Any overlooked display name variants for this product not listed in the table will not be reinstalled at deployment.
By far, the most significant drawback is that, by implementing it, the organization implicitly forgoes a rare and prime opportunity to rationalize software versions, reduce software license costs and avoid buying licenses for new versions of unused software. When applications are automatically reinstalled based on their presence in the system's inventory, there is no opportunity to question if the user still needs the application, or consider if a less expensive alternative may suit the user's needs. The result is a costly, inefficient allocation of licenses and unnecessary application bloat.
Lastly, all the ConfigMgr packages mapped using this process must be installed during task sequence execution. This prevents the use of application mapping to install software with interactive installation programs and those packaged to install via a task sequence.
Taking a new approach
However, new tools are available that take an advanced application mapping approach that combines powerful application inventory and normalization capabilities with operating system deployment automation features. In this new approach, applications are identified by their ID and mapped to software titles available in the organization's software catalog. How applications are mapped is controlled via an administrator-defined rule set. A logical representation of an application mapping rule set can be found below.
The default mapping rule is to reinstall the same version of an application. Items in an organization's software catalog that have been linked to items in an advanced software licensing platform do not require mapping rules to have the application automatically reinstalled. In the preceding example, installations of Project 2010 are automatically reinstalled, even though Project 2010 is not referenced in the mapping table.
Creating and maintaining custom mapping rules is also more precise, simpler and less prone to oversight. The preceding example produces the same result as its cousin (Table 1: Sample PackageMapping table), but with much fewer entries. Instead of matching products by name, they are matched to an inventory ID number. Furthermore, products are linked to normalized data in the software licensing application, meaning that single ID number represents any subtle variants in the product's display name to a single release. For example, where the traditional application mapping solution required five table entries for Adobe Acrobat 8 (one for each of the variants in its display name), the example using an advanced application mapping solution only required one.
Application mapping based on usage
The ability to reinstall an application, or not, based on its usage is what really sets advanced application mapping apart. Adding usage to the mapping criteria affords the organization an opportunity to reclaim or clean up licenses that may not be in use. Referring to the example above, on client systems where Acrobat Professional 8 and 9 are installed but not used ("Unused"), the software is not reinstalled during the migration and these unused licenses are reclaimed.
Some advanced application mapping tools are able to identify three categories of usage for every application: used, potentially unused and unused. This affords administrators the opportunity to create rules specific to each usage category. For example, frequent users of Project Professional 2007 would receive an upgrade to Project Professional 2010, while occasional Project users receive a free project viewer. Finally, for those who haven't used Project in quite some time, no application is installed.
Not only can the organization save time and improve end-user satisfaction by automatically reinstalling user applications for them, software can be systematically rationalized and reduced in the process. Applications the user no longer needs, as determined by usage, are removed during the Windows 7 migration. New license purchases are reduced as licenses for new versions of unused software do not need to be obtained.
Annual license maintenance fees are also lowered and existing licenses are efficiently allocated to those who use them. For most enterprises, this type of internal software audit could take years of effort to complete. However, for enterprises leveraging an advanced application mapping approach during an operating system migration, it is just part of the migration process and takes up no additional time. It's also a perfect time to perform software rationalization as end users expect significant change in their experience when their operating system is migrated.
Don't dread your pending Windows migration. Take this rare opportunity to make a full-scale internal software audit part of an operating system migration. Doing so will help you better rationalize software usage, reduce software licensing and maintenance costs, and ensuring end user satisfaction.
Dave Harding is product manager at 1E, a company that specializes in efficient IT solutions.
Read more about software in Network World's Software section.


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Hi there.
I'm Stephen Segal — no, not that one. I'm an editor, writer and designer of words and pictures. I've worked with publishers, high-tech institutions, cultural organizations and individual clients, and in every one of those roles, I've found the same two markers of success emerging time and time again: believing in a worthwhile message, and connecting people with the world around them.
What I do:
I find the heart of the message.
Fifteen years experience crafting headlines, ad lines, cover blurbs and sophisticated long-form narratives: I write some of the sharpest copy around. You want to say something better than you know how to — either in five pages or in five words? I can do that.
I match content with style.
You know why "Don't judge a book by its cover" has to be a saying? Because everybody judges a book by its cover. So let's make sure that what we're putting out in front of people's eyes is truly worth seeing.
I show you the future.
I've stayed out in front of new media moments, from newspaper blogging to boutique digital sci-fi. I've grown uncertain young writers into award-winning commentators. And I've turned decades-old intellectual properties into the hot new thing of the moment.


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2.1.1 Consistent Monitoring to Track Progress Towards the MDGs and Beyond. Monitoring tools and new IT innovations are essential in tracking progress towards the MDGs and beyond. Moreover, forging links between national and regional sector systems may serve to build greater consistency for better analysis and future planning.Contact: UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Program, BMZ/GTZ, Water and Sanitation Program (WSP), UNSGAB
2.1.2 Accelerating WASH Sector Reform and Improving Governance. Countries that have tackled institutional reform processes and improved governance are, over time, able to accelerate sustainable service delivery. But this necessitates improved transparency, increased community and consumer involvement, stronger local capacity and clear accountabilities with incorporated checks and balances. How can all of this come together rapidly to provide access for all?Contact: Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI)
2.1.3 Taking WASH to Scale While targeted projects certainly serve to improve local situations, their impact could be multiplied many-fold by implementing their approaches on a larger scale. Can scaling-up small projects really result in accelerating the achievement of the MDGs and large-scale transformation in water access?Contact: Water & Sanitation Program, UNICEF & UNSGAB
2.1.4 Keeping Sanitation High on the Agenda In 2008, the IYS sought to focus world attention on the global challenge of sanitation. How did this initiative convince politicians and decision-makers to prioritise and invest in sanitation and what concrete actions were catalysed by the year's activities? But, most importantly, where do we go from here?Contact: Agence de l'Eeau Seine-Normandie and The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC)
2.1.5 Topic 2.1 Wrap-up and Synthesis: Global Framework for Action and Closing Plenary: Contact: UK Department for International Development (DFID)The Netherlands, Directorate General for International Cooperation (DGIS)
2.2.0 Opening session:Water for Energy, Energy for Water: Contact: International Hydropower Association2.2.1 Voltage and Volume: Can water and energy policies work hand in hand? In recent months, the rising cost of energy and the food crisis have received much media attention all over the world. Recognizing that both water and energy are fundamental to economic development in the coming decades, new policies must be developed to take into account the interrelatedness of water and energy.Contact: French Water Partnership & the Ministry of Sustainable Development, France
2.2.2 The Future is Now: Embedding Sustainability Principles within Water and Energy Development: Both water security and energy security are critical to economic and social development. The increasing need to address sustainability and recognition of its value is at once pervasive in the water-energy sector, and challenging. Through the prism of sustainable development principles this session reviews approaches, innovations and issues, and development within four inter-related sub-sector. It draws together lessons and actions for further advances in embedding sustainability in water and energy development.Contact: World Bank & International Hydropower Association
2.2.3 Taming Bigfoot: What technologies can reduce the water and energy footprint? This need can be measured by using "footprinting", an easy to use tool for improving water and energy management. This session will discuss ways that emerging technologies can reach the market to reduce water and energy footprints.Contact: European Water Partnership
2.2.4 Wrap-up and SynthesisContact: International Hydropower Association (IHA)
2.3.1 How to achieve the required food production to meet the growing demand?Future needs of water for food and fibre production will be huge and a large variety of water management measures (water harvesting, irrigation, drainage) will be needed to manage the supply. How much water is required for this extra food and fibre? To know this, it's important to understand the amount of food needed and the most appropriate water management strategies to produce this. Other food chain factors such as storage, transportation and quality maintenance, and external factors, like the impacts of bio-fuel products, climate change and trading dynamics, can also impact availability and affordability.Contact: International Water Management Institute & International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
2.3.2 How can food market measures boost rural development and poverty alleviation? A majority of least developed countries have sufficient resources to be food self-sufficient, if they develop their land and waer resources and if their economies support local trade. More importantly, since most poverty exists in rural areas that depend on farming for their livelihood, an increase in food prices could directly contribute to the reduction of poverty in these areas as well. Or not?Contact: International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Institute for water Education UNESCO-IHE2.3.3 Water for bioenergy or food? While energy crops could provide farmers with new opportunities to improve their livelihoods, the proliferation of crops could also affect food prices, the environment and the availability of water resources for growing other food and non-food crops in a region. How might bio-energy impact local development, poverty alleviation, undernourishment and food production, and how can an appropriate balance be found between food and biofuel production?Contact: Consortium of Indian Farmers' Association (CIFA), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
2.3.4 Synthesis: How can better water management reduce poverty and hunger? The trend of increasing food prices on the world market necessitates far-reaching interventions and investments to prevent under-nourishment. How can agricultural and water policies be reconciled to avoid both global and local food crises? How can improvements and investments contribute to increase overall food production for a planet with a booming population?Contact: International Commission on Irigation & Drainage/ Mc Gill University & CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CGIAR CPWF)
Joint venture between Topics 2.3 and 5.2: DROPS and CROPS: Water demand management in agriculture:Contact: Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), International Water Management Institute (IWMI )
1-hour Topic Introduction
2.4.1 Water Multi-Tasking: How to optimize multiple uses for maximum benefits: Water can be used in many ways beyond just for health and hygiene. Irrigation, energy generation and industry all require water resources, and each can help accelerate achievement of the MDGs at the local level in different, but equally important ways. The challenge is to find equilibrium among the greatest benefits of each use, while ensuring sustainability.Contact: International Network for Water and Ecosystem in Paddy Fields (INWEPF), Food Agriculture Organisation (FAO)2.4.2 Bridging sectors to strengthen multiple uses and functions of water services. As in any joint enterprise, multiple use services enable providers to share both costs and benefits. And with any joint enterprise, clear ground-rules for cooperation can help avoid disputes later on. Innovative solutions for efficient governance of multiple use systems are needed to share decisions, costs of operation and management, and benefits among stakeholders. How can legal, political, financial and institutional barriers be overcome to support and scale up these services?Contact: IFAD & IRC
2.4.3 Multiple-use services for more MDGs per drop; how to make it happen? The first two sessions for this topic will have looked into an analysis of what multiple-use services and functions of water are about, and how these can be governed. This session aims to take these findings to the political level, by looking at what is needed at policy and programme level to adopt a multiple-use approach and how this can be scaled up. Contact: FAOTheme 2- Wrap-up Session: Contact: UN Water, FAOSpecial Focus On: Health, Diganity and Economic Progress: Way forward for Gender Equity Developing and monitoring Gender-sensitive Sustainable Sanitation Programmes and Indicators for MDG 7: This high level special session, including a ministerial high level panel debate followed by an open discussion with experts, will focus on the development and monitoring of gender-sensitive sustainable sanitation programs and indicators to accelerate progress in achieving target 10 of MDG7.Contact: UN Task Force on Gender and Water, WECF Women in Europe for a Common Future, UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development (UNW-DPC), International Union for Conservation of NatureSpecial Focus On: "WATERBORNE TRANSPORT " Is Inland Waterborne Transport (IWT) the sustainable future? The challenge for riparian decision-makers is to balance the needs of the natural waterway system with the development of inland navigation as a viable and environmentally friendly mode of transportation. Better understanding of the physical and biological effects of inland water transport on ecosystems will result in sustainable waterways that are compatible with environmental, societal and political requirements. Contact: PIANCSpecial Focus On: EFFICIENT USE OF WATER IN AGRICULTURE: The special session is aiming to share the experiences of three countries done up to now on efficient use of water in agriculture with the whole world and potential challenges in the future to ensure adequate water for agriculture in terms of quantity and quality by taking consideration in to increased demands by other sectors. Contact: DSI, Turkey, National Water Commission of Mexico (CONAGUA), Mexico, Ministry of Water Resources, China; China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR)
2.1 Ensuring Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All
2.2 Water for Energy, Energy for Water
2.3 Water and Food for ending Poverty and Hunger
2.4 Multiple Use and Functions of Water Services
Virtual Meeting Space


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Senior US diplomatic sources have confirmed that the media blackout and shroud of secrecy surrounding Monday's meeting between Israeli Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu and President Barack Obama was the result of strained relations between the two.Speaking to Israel's Army Radio on Wednesday morning, one unnamed US diplomat said the Obama Administration had become unhappy with what is viewed as Netanyahu's efforts to manipulate its policies during press briefings, and imposed the media blackout on Monday's meeting as a means of bringing the Israeli leader back in line.
The official also accused Netanyahu of indirectly pressuring Obama via Jewish-American lobby groups.
A day earlier, another US official told the Wall Street Journal that Obama and his staff had been severely disappointed with what Netanyahu said or didn't say during his meeting with the president.
"We had an idea that he might bring something out to push the [peace] process forward," the official said. "But he's kept it in his pocket."
That dissatisfaction came just a little more than a week after Secretary of State Hillary Clinton openly praised Netanyahu for implementing "unprecedented" and even unnecessary concessions for the sake of restarting peace talks with the Palestinians.
It would seem Israeli gestures have a shelf-life of only about one week in Washington these days.
{Israel Today/Yair Alpert-Matzav.com Israel}


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NEA to participate in 'One Nation March'
WASHINGTON - July 20, 2010 -
With a backdrop of a looming education crisis—the layoff of thousands of educators, overcrowded classrooms and massive cuts to essential school programs—the National Education Association (NEA) today announced its participation in the Oct. 2 "One Nation March on Washington." The 3.2 million-member NEA will join the coalition of more than 170 civil rights, education, environmental and labor groups in a major demonstration of grassroots support for equal opportunity and justice for all—tenets that include access to a secure job, a safe home and a quality education.
The following statement can be attributed to NEA President Dennis Van Roekel:
"It's time for this nation to get its priorities straight and invest in our most valuable resource—our people. America's multi-faceted diversity is a source of incredible strength and innovation, and we need to play to that strength. Everyone deserves the opportunity to achieve the American Dream, and high quality public schools are critical to achieving it.
"In this time of economic crisis, we must transcend our differences and come together in a common quest for equal opportunity and justice for all.
"NEA is proud to be standing with our brothers and sisters in the labor and social justice movement to remind the nation, especially our lawmakers, that economic opportunity and social justice are more than noble ideals—they're basic rights of every American."
Visit the NEA Press Center: www.nea.org/presscenter
Follow us on twitter at www.twitter.com/NEAMedia
# # #
The National Education Association is the nation's largest professional employee organization, representing 3.2 million elementary and secondary teachers, higher education faculty, education support professionals, school administrators, retired educators and students preparing to become teachers.
CONTACT: Stacey Grissom (202) 822-7823; email@example.com


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Introduction to TCAD Simulation
The existing semiconductor industry is now fundamentally built on the assumption that almost every aspect of a chip is first designed in software.
Process simulation provides the ability to optimize and control the various processing steps, such as implantation, oxidation, diffusion, etching, and deposition, among others. Prophet and TSuprem are tools of choice on nanoHUB.org for this endeavor. However, learning about the basics of process simulation may be daunting at first, and there are four simplified process labs available in this tool set that guide students towards full-blown process simulation.
Device simulation either takes in-process simulation data or assumes certain device geometries, doping profiles, etc. and simulates electrical device performances. PADRE and Schred are tools of choice on nanoHUB.org for this simulation step. PADRE is a full-fledged simulation environment for semiclassical device simulation. It has a complicated input language that may be inappropriate for usage in those classroom environments where simple device modeling concepts need to be introduced. Drift-Diffusion Lab, PN junction Lab, MOScap, and MOSFET are simplified GUI-driven tools that enable students (and professionals) to easily configure PADRE without requiring the user to master the PADRE input language.
Circuit simulation ultimately provides system level design capabilities. nanoHUB.org has a sinple interface to the Berkeley Spice3f4 for such usages.
This nanoHUB "topic page" provides an easy access to selected nanoHUB Semiconductor Device Education Material that is openly accessible and usable by everyone around the world.
We invite you to participate in this open source, interactive educational initiative:
- Publish your content by uploading it to the nanoHUB. (See "Contribute Content") on the nanoHUB mainpage.
- Provide feedback for the items you use on the nanoHUB through the review system. (Please be explicit and provide constructive feedback.)
- Let us know when things do not work for you by filing a ticket through the nanoHUB "Help" feature on every page.
- Finally, let us know what you are doing and give us your suggestions for improving nanoHUB.org by using the "Feedback" section, which you can find under "Support"
Thank you for using nanoHUB, and be sure to share your nanoHUB success stories with us. We like to hear from you, and our sponsors need to know that the nanoHUB is having impact.
Semiconductor Process Modeling
Semiconductor process modeling is a vast field in which several commercial products are available and in use for production in industry and to some extent in education. nanoHUB is serving a few applications that are primarily geared towards education. The four tools entitled 'Process Lab …'Oxidation, Oxidation Flux, Concentration Dependent Diffusion, and Point Defect Coupled Diffusion are all educational front-ends to the general Prophet tool in aTCADlab.
Process Lab – Oxidation
The Oxidation Lab in aTCADlab simulates the oxidation process in integrated circuit fabrication. It is supported by a supplemental document that describes the theory and potential experiments that can be conducted.
Process Lab – Oxidation Flux
The Process Oxidation Flux Lab in aTCADlab simulates the oxidation flux in the oxide growth process in integrated circuit fabrication. It is supported by a supplemental document that describes the theory and potential experiments that can be conducted.
Process Lab – Concentration Dependent Diffusion
The Concentration Dependent Diffusion Lab in aTCADlab simulates the oxidation flux in the oxide growth process in integrated circuit fabrication.
Process Lab – Point Defect Coupled Diffusion
The Point Defect Coupled Diffusion Lab in aTCADlab the point-defect-coupled diffusion process in integrated circuit fabrication.
PROPHET in aTCADlab was originally developed for semiconductor process simulation. Device simulation capabilities are currently under development. PROPHET solves sets of partial differential equations in one, two, or three spatial dimensions. All model coefficients and material parameters are contained in a database library which can be modified or added to by the user. Even the equations to be solved can be specified by the end user. It is supported by an extensive set of User Guide pages and a seminar on Nano-Scale Device Simulations Using PROPHET.
Device Simulation
Drift Diffusion Lab
The Drift Diffusion Lab in aTCADlab enables a user to understand the basic concepts of drift and diffusion of carriers inside a semiconductor slab using different kinds of experiments. Experiments like shining light on the semiconductor, applying bias and both can be performed. This tool provides important information about carrier densities, transient and steady state currents, fermi-levels and electrostatic potentials. It is supported by two related homework assignments #1 and #2 in which Students are asked to explore the concepts of drift, diffusion, quasi Fermi levels, and the response to light.
PN Junction Lab
PN-Junction Lab in aTCADlab: Everything you need to explore and teach the basic concepts of P-N junction devices. Edit the doping concentrations, change the materials, tweak minority carrier lifetimes, and modify the ambient temperature. Then, see the effects in the energy band diagram, carrier densities, net charge distribution, I/V characteristic, etc.
There is a significant set of associated resources available for this tool.
- a demo of this tool
- a Primer on Semiconductor Device Simulation.
- a Learning Module entitled PN Junction Theory and Modeling which walks students through the PN junction theory and let's them verify concepts through on-line simulation.
- Homework assignment on the depletion approximation
- Homework assignment on the depletion approximation
- PN Diode Exercise: Series Resistance
- Exercise: PIN Diode
- PN Diode Exercise: Graded Junction
- Basic operation of a PN diode - Theoretical exercise
- PN diode - Advanced theoretical exercises
- Schottky diode - Theoretical exercises
Bipolar Junction Transistor Lab
The Bipolar Junction Lab in aTCADlab allows Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) simulation using a 2D mesh. It allows user to simulate npn or pnp type of device. Users can specify the Emitter, Base and Collector region depths and doping densities. Also the material and minority carrier lifetimes can be specified by the user. It is supported by a homework assignment in which Students are asked to find the emitter efficiency, the base transport factor, current gains, and the Early voltage. Also a qualitative discussion is requested.
The MOScap Tool in aTCADlab tool enables a semi-classical analysis of MOS Capacitors. Simulates the capacitance of bulk and dual gate capacitors for a variety of different device sizes, geometries, temperature and doping profiles.
- Exercise: CV curves for MOS capacitors
- MOSCAP - Theoretical Exercises 1
- MOSCAP - Theoretical Exercises 2
- MOSCAP - Theoretical Exercises 3
- MOS Capacitors: Theory and Modeling
Schred Tool in aTCADlab calculates the envelope wavefunctions and the corresponding bound-state energies in a typical MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) or SOS (Semiconductor-Oxide-Semiconductor) structure and a typical SOI structure by solving self-consistently the one-dimensional (1D) Poisson equation and the 1D Schrodinger equation.
- Schred: Exercise 1
- SCHRED: Exercise 2
- Schred: Exercise 3
- Quantum Size Effects and the Need for Schred
- Schred Tutorial Version 2.1
MOSfet Lab
The MOSfet Lab in aTCADlab tool enables a semi-classical analysis of current-voltage characteristics for bulk and SOI Field Effect Transistors (FETs) for a variety of different device sizes, geometries, temperature and doping profiles.
- MOSFET Exercise
- Exercise: Basic Operation of n-Channel SOI Device
- MOSFET - Theoretical Exercises
- MOSFET Operation Description
PADRE in aTCADlab is a 2D/3D simulator for electronic devices, such as MOSFET transistors. It can simulate physical structures of arbitrary geometry—including heterostructures—with arbitrary doping profiles, which can be obtained using analytical functions or directly from multidimensional process simulators such as . A variety of supplemental documents are available that deal with the PADRE software and TCAD simulation:
- User Guide
- Abbreviated First Time User Guide
- A set of course notes on Computational Electronics with detailed explanations on bandstructure, pseudopotentials, numerical issues, and drift diffusion.
- Introduction to DD Modeling with PADRE
- MOS Capacitors – Description and Semiclassical Simulation With PADRE
- A Primer on Semiconductor Device Simulation
- BJT Problems and PADRE Exercise
- Introduction to DD Modeling with PADRE
- MOS Capacitors: Description and Semiclassical Simulation With PADRE
Circuit Simulation
SPICE3f4 in aTCADlab s a general-purpose circuit simulation program for nonlinear dc, nonlinear transient, and linear ac analysis. It was developed at the University of California, Berkeley. Version 3F4 was released in 1993. Circuits may contain resistors, capacitors, inductors, mutual inductors, independent voltage and current sources, four types of dependent sources, transmission lines, and the four most common semiconductor devices: diodes, BJT's, JFET's, and MOSFET's. SPICE has built-in models for the semiconductor devices, and the user need specify only the pertinent model parameter values.
About aTCADlab Constituent Tools
The aTCADlab has been put together from individual disjoint tools to enable educators, students, and profesionals to have a one-stop-shop in TCAD tools education. It therefore benefits tremendously from the hard work that the contributors of the individual tool builders have put into their tools.
As a matter of credit, simulation runs that are performed in the aTCADlab tool are also credited to the individual tools, which help the ranking of the individual tools. We do also count the number of usages of the individual tools in the aTCADlab tool set, to measure the aTCADlab impact and possibly also improve the tool.
In the description above we do not refer to the individual tools since we want to guide the users to the composite aTCADlab tool. We cite the individual tools here explicitly so they are being given the appropriate credit and on their rspective tool pages are being linked to this aTCADlab topic page.
Process Lab:Oxidation, Process Lab: Oxidation Flux, Process Lab: Concentration-Dependent Diffusion, Process Lab: Defect-coupled diffusion, Prophet, Drift-Diffusion Lab, PN Junction Lab, BJT Lab, MOSCap, Schred, MOSFet, Padre, and Spice3f4.
Other TCAD Tools
TSuprem4 simulates the processing steps used in the manufacture of silicon integrated circuits and discrete devices. The types of processing steps modeled by the current version of the program include ion implantation, inert ambient drive-in, silicon and polysilicon oxidation and silicidation, epitaxial growth, and low temperature deposition and etching of various materials.Because of the way TSUPREM-4 is licensed, it is available only to users on the West Lafayette campus of Purdue University. Note that you must use a network connection on campus, or else you will get an 'access denied' message.


text:
SO many defenses... I can't break through hers, and she doesn't care what I want. I don't know how long this is going to last.
My hope is; I can grow out of where Im at. I can get used to women again, get past the honeymoon phase and move into a place that dating seems normal; past the " Im in love with you" phase from sleep ing with her once!
hopefully I can get to the point of not caring. Im going backward. Im not longer seriously interested in her. Possibly for dating, then when that actually starts, we will see!
She has made it clear; she wants to get to know me before a relationship! this draws out the courtship process to the point of showing every flaw! who can stand up to every flaw! so its not a weeding process. Its a:" weeding out me" process. At some point I will give up.
Actually Im hoping to develop the rest of my skills for openers when I approach another women!
This women is not into me! she does not seem interested in anything but control! She's so obsessed on keeping everything at a distance that It made clear she is just trying me out first like a rug; I end up distancing myself into some other girls arms... I really don't get these people! I can't take them seriously! its a joke!
Every time she gives someone else attention ( another man) I just sit and wonder why I stay interested in her!
I know she likes me! but who cares, she doesn't...
Im not sure what to think!
Im hoping to loose all interest in her and look for others!
She does not appreciate me! that is the feeling I get from her! Its all about her!
She acts like a business women that is in control! Im like; OK, you win! have your control, have your contempt!
I got mad at her several times; I through her number away, and had to ask for it again! She said " this time is the last time" Im like " OK" So! So its the last time! I have no relationship with her! she didn't want me as a boyfriend. She wants to test me first get to know me! What a waist!
All its doing is helping me practice for the next relationship. Its giving me experience! Its pushing me into the arms of others and away from her!
I assume she will become so hardened towards me, I have no choice but to leave and never come back...
When I say I will never come back; it seems un natural! like we will always be together! like we are already joined! joined in the heart. Is this possible! does this happen to every girl you meet that you want to date!
I never wanted to date her.. I wanted her as my girlfriend! Does this happen with all girls I would meet and want! Is this normal or codependency!
I think she is the same way! but Im afraid she does not take care of it. she is carless with my interests! and for that reason, God has given me permission to leave! I am not to be damaged anymore!


text:
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text:
SANS NewsBites is a semiweekly high-level executive summary of the most important news articles that have been published on computer security during the last week. Each news item is very briefly summarized and includes a reference on the web for detailed information, if possible.
Spend five minutes per week to keep up with the high-level perspective of all the latest security news. New issues are delivered free every Tuesday and Friday.
Volume IV - Issue #29
July 17, 2002
The competition between SANS GIAC and CISSP security certifications
appears to have ended. Starting with the October Network Security 2002
conference, SANS Security Essentials (SANS most popular training
program) will cover the CISSP Common Body of Knowledge as well
as the essential security skills needed for GSEC certification.
That means eligible students can complete the single course and
then go for CISSP or GSEC certification or both. In about 14 days,
the first of 520,000 brochures for Network Security 2002 will begin
arriving in mailboxes, so if you would like one of the limited seats,
register in the next few weeks. (http://www.sans.org/NS2002)
TOP OF THE NEWS16 July 2002 Government and Industry Agree On Minimum Security Configuration Benchmarks
15 July 2002 OMB Establishes Security Measurements for Agencies
12 July 2002 Will Home Appliances Be the Next Target For Viruses?
10 July 2002 British ISPs Have Two Weeks to Set Up Tracking Systems
11 July 2002 Congressional Committee Adds Cybersecurity Program to Homeland Security Bill
THE REST OF THE WEEK'S NEWS15 July 2002 Elcomsoft Posts More Adobe Vulnerabilities
15 July 2002 Frethem Variant Making the Rounds
15 July 2002 House Overwhelmingly Approves CSEA
15 July 2002 Operation Dark Screen To Test US Response To Cyber Attack
10 & 15 July 2002 Consulting Firms Lobby For Federal Insurance Against Liability
15 July 2002 IT Professionals Enumerate Their Security Gripes
12 July 2002 Chemical Industry is Developing Cyber Security Strategy
12 July 2002 Microsoft SQL Labs is Not Using its Own Security Product
11 July 2002 Telecom Hacker Charged
11 & 15 July 2002 Liberty Alliance Releases Identity Authentication Standard
12 July 2002 Study Finds Attacks On Open Source Increasing; Windows Decreasing
12 July 2002 USA Today Web Site Hacked
11 July 2002 Vulnerabilities in CDE ToolTalk
11 July 2002 Datom.A Windows Virus/Worm Masquerades as Microsoft Update
11 July 2002 PGP Flaw Puts Outlook Users At Risk
11 July 2002 Security Flaw in Outlook Exposed Before Patch Was Available
10 July 2002 Two Men Arrested in Brazil for ATM Hack
10 July 2002 Al Qaeda Uses Internet for Communications
9 July 2002 Phone Service Web Log Exposes Student Data
9 July 2002 W32.Liac.A Worm
8 July 2002 Reporter Says Survey Says Users Want Vulnerabilities Disclosed
8 July 2002 Critical Infrastructure Protection Exercise
8 July 2002 Copyright Hack Back Law Not a Good Idea
8 July 2002 Security Researcher Claims Apple Update Vulnerable
8 July 2002 Proposed XML Security Standards
9 July 2002 Philippine Internet Service Group To Fight Back Against Hackers
5 July 2002 Virus Traced to Temp Worker
1 July 2002 Where's The Money in Security
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16/17 July 2002 Government/Industry Alliance Announces Minimum Security Configuration BenchmarksIn a high-tech, high-powered version of a neighborhood watch, a group of government agencies and industry leaders announce today a common set of standards and software to fight computer hacking. The initial security benchmark applies to Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional. Benchmarks for other operating systems, including Cisco IOS, Solaris, and other Microsoft products are being developed. Government agencies involved include the National Institutes of Standards and Technology, the National Security Agency, The General Services Administration and the Defense Information Systems Agency. The Center for Internet Security, which published the benchmark, also released a free tool that tests systems, scores them on compliance with the benchmark, and guides users to the corrections needed to raise the score.
15 July 2002 OMB Establishes Security Measurements for AgenciesThe Office of Management and Budget released new regulations providing specific measures to evaluate performance of federal security managers and CIOs.
The regulations:
[Editor's Note (Paller): An important element is missing from the regulation, but could be easily added. NASA and other organizations have provided proof that safe configuration of systems can be measured and does reduce attacks. And the benchmarks announced today provide additional measurement tools. OMB could ask agencies to measure the safety of their systems' configuration as an essential part of their security report card. ]
12 July 2002 Will Home Appliances Be the Next Target For Viruses?Virus expert Eugene Kaspersky warns that embedded computers in home appliances provide an appealing target for virus writers because they will have a common operating system and millions of potential victims.
[Editor's Note (Schultz): Kaspersky might well be correct. The monoculture that Microsoft has created has already proverbially bitten us several times, and Murphy's Law says that matters will only get worse. (Grefer): Kaspersky's warning should serve as a reminder to include defense mechanism in the appliances' operating system(s), and preferably design it with security in mind, rather than trying to apply security as an after-thought. ]
10 July 2002 British ISPs Have Two Weeks to Set Up Tracking SystemsThe British Home Office is requiring that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in the United Kingdom intercept and store electronic communications such as faxes, e-mails, and Web surfing information in an effort to curb organized crime and terrorism. The new Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA), which goes into effect on August 1, exempts ISPs with fewer than 10,000 customers.
11 July 2002 Congressional Committee Adds Cybersecurity Program to Homeland Security BillHouse Energy and Commerce Committee passed a version of HR 5005, the Homeland Security Bill, after adding a specific cybersecurity component. The new program will be a resource to other federal agencies to help identify and correct weaknesses in federal computer systems.
Privacy notice: These links redirect to non-SANS web pages.
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15 July 2002 Elcomsoft Posts More Adobe VulnerabilitiesElcomsoft has posted details of security vulnerabilities in Adobe's eBook software on the BugTraq and Vuln-dev mailing lists; the company did not inform Adobe of the problems before the postings. Elcomsoft is the Russian company at the center of a case brought under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).
15 July 2002 Frethem Variant Making the RoundsThe Frethem worm exploits a Microsoft Outlook vulnerability that executes attachments when e-mail is previewed. Users who have installed the patch to fix the flaw can still become infected if they click on the .exe attachment that accompanies the worm. Apart from bogging down corporate e-mail systems, Frethem does not appear to carry a malicious payload. The worm is a variant of one released several weeks ago. Frethem was reported to have already hit twenty-five organizations, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
15 July 2002 House Overwhelmingly Approves CSEABy a vote of 385-3, the House of representatives approved the Cyber Security Enhancement Act (CSEA), which provides for life sentences for people convicted of malicious cyber crimes. The bill now heads to the Senate.
15 July 2002 Operation Dark Screen To Test US Response To Cyber AttackFederal, state and local officials are partnering with utility companies in a test of the nation's response to cyberattacks. The University of Texas at San Antonio and the Air Force Air Intelligence Agency, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas are taking the lead in this project sponsored by Texas Congressman Ciro Rodriguez.
10 & 15 July 2002 Consulting Firms Lobby For Federal Insurance Against LiabilityBusinesses that plan to manufacture products to be used in homeland defense want indemnity from liability should their products fail on the job. Representative Tom Davis (R-Va.) plans to attach such a provision to the Homeland Security Bill wending its way through the legislature. The amendment would place the onus of liability on the government rather than the companies. Companies may be reluctant to bid on homeland defense contracts if they are required to shoulder the associated burden of product failure liability.
[Editor's Note (Murray): Microsoft, Sun, and IBM enjoy no such protection and do not seem to need it. (Grefer) Without liability, companies could deliver "anything" at any level of quality, without risking any repercussions. (Schultz) It's ironic how consulting firms are so apt to point out the lack of responsibility organizations frequently demonstrate in securing their own systems and networks, but now try to avoid responsibility for what they deliver. ]
15 July 2002 IT Professionals Enumerate Their Security GripesA survey of more than 1200 security professionals, including system administrators, consultants and auditors yielded a list of their security frustrations. Topping the list are bosses who won't provide an adequate budget and who undermine initiatives, and who ignore simple precautions by taping passwords to monitors, failing to update anti-virus software and clicking on attachments of unknown origin.
12 July 2002 Chemical Industry is Developing Cyber Security StrategyThe US chemical industry is developing a plan to improve cyber security at chemical facilities; the plan will be submitted for inclusion in the White House's National Strategy for Protecting Cyberspace. The plan is flexible enough to allow IT managers at various chemical facilities to select appropriate modules for their individual organizations.
12 July 2002 Microsoft SQL Labs is Not Using its Own Security ProductMicrosoft's SQL Labs is using a NetScreen security appliance instead of its own Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server to protect its systems against Nimda and other worm threats.
11 July 2002 Telecom Hacker ChargedA 22-year-old Sydney man has been charged with "unauthorised modification of data with intent to cause impairment to a computer." The man allegedly accessed the accounts of more than 400,000 Optus dial-up Internet customers; his arrest is the result of a six-month investigation.
11 & 15 July 2002 Liberty Alliance Releases Identity Authentication StandardThe Liberty Alliance, which includes Sun Microsystems, American Express and Sony, among other companies, released a standard for Internet identity authentication. The standard facilitates logging into a variety of systems. The standard also gives rise to concerns of on line profiling and data security threats.
[Editor's Note (Murray): It seems likely that the identity of users in the WWW will be vouched for by trusted third parties. I think that it is noble of Microsoft to volunteer for this role. However, the role already belongs to the credit card companies. They also vouch for payment. Given a choice between MS and AmEx, I choose AmEx. ]
12 July 2002 Study Finds Attacks On Open Source Increasing; Windows DecreasingLondon-based consulting firm mi2g reports 7,630 digital attacks on Linux systems in the first six months of 2002 vs. 5,736 attacks on Linux systems for all of 2001. Conversely, attacks on Microsoft Windows/IIS have fallen by 20 percent in the first six months of 2002 to 9,404 compared to 11,828 in the same period of 2001.
[Editor's Note (Schultz): The credibility of data such as these is at best questionable. For one thing, can mi2g say unequivocally that they standardized and applied a consistent definition of "attack?" Additionally, attacks in and of themselves are commonplace. What about "successful attacks." Caveat emptor! ]
12 July 2002 USA Today Web Site HackedThe "USA Today" Website was defaced with six bogus stories late Thursday July 11, 2002. The site was taken offline for three hours and was restored at 2 am Friday morning.
11 July 2002 Vulnerabilities in CDE ToolTalkCERT/CC released a security bulletin warning of flaws in the ToolTalk component of the Common Desktop Environment (CDE). The flaws could be exploited to launch a denial of service attack or to overwrite files.
11 July 2002 Datom.A Windows Virus/Worm Masquerades as Microsoft UpdateA worm that purports to be "Copyrighted Microsoft Code" is spreading. It contains three programs, MSVXD.exe, MSVXD16.dll and MSVXD32.dll, which work together to delete personal firewalls and for other mischief. The worm uses innovative tricks to hide itself.
11 July 2002 PGP Flaw Puts Outlook Users At RiskA buffer overflow flaw in certain versions of the Microsoft Outlook implementation of Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) allows hackers to send a special email to gain control of the target system. Network Associates has posted a patch for the vulnerability.
The Network Associates patch:
11 July 2002 Security Flaw in Outlook Exposed Before Patch Was AvailableSecurity Researcher Thor Larholm issued an advisory about a cross domain scripting flaw in Web Browser ActiveX Control that can give attackers the ability to read files and execute malicious code. Microsoft claims it is not an important problem and criticized Larholm for releasing the advisory before a fix was available.
10 July 2002 Two Men Arrested in Brazil for ATM HackBrazilian police have arrested two men - an electrician and an IT specialist - who allegedly installed a device inside ATMs to gather card numbers and placed digital cameras outside the machines to capture the corresponding PIN numbers.
10 July 2002 Al Qaeda Uses Internet for CommunicationsUnnamed officials say Al Qaeda is using the Internet to spread propaganda, recruit members and solicit donations to fund their cause. The group also uses web sites to communicate in Arabic, often encrypts its transmissions, and changes web addresses frequently.
9 July 2002 Phone Service Web Log Exposes Student DataThe permission level to access web logs at Resicom, a telecommunications (company) that provides intra-campus phone services to colleges, was set too low, allowing people to search for student names, social security numbers and addresses. The personal data of about 2,000 students had the security flaw; Resicom says it has fixed the problem.
9 July 2002 W32.Liac.A WormW32.Liac.A is a worm written in Visual Basic Script (VBS) that arrives with an attachment purporting to be a video clip. The worm mails itself out to everyone in the Outlook address book, modifies the registry and displays this error message: "Error54: Media Player not installed correctly."
8 July 2002 Reporter Says Survey Says Users Want Vulnerabilities DisclosedA reporter at the Register concludes that a survey conducted by the Hurwitz group found that end-users are overwhelmingly in favor of full disclosure for computer vulnerabilities. Thirty-nine percent of the more than 300 survey participants wanted the vulnerabilities disclosed immediately upon discovery, while another twenty-eight percent wanted them disclosed within a week.
[Editor's Note (Denning): The reporter's conclusion is not accurate if you define "full disclosure" to include publication of exploit code (which I do). The survey found that only 13% favored posting "proof of concept" exploit software. ]
8 July 2002 Critical Infrastructure Protection ExerciseThe Blue Cascades regional critical infrastructure protection exercise was held in Portland, Oregon in mid June. The exercise focused on power outages coupled with natural gas infrastructure and telecommunications failures, and highlighted the problems that attend interdependent systems. An action plan based on the results of the exercise will be released soon.
8 July 2002 Copyright Hack Back Law Not a Good IdeaComputerworld senior columnist Frank Hayes finds the legislation proposed by Representative Howard Berman (D-Calif.) - which would allow copyright holders to launch cyber attacks against peer-to-peer networks and others suspected digital content piracy - reprehensible. Hayes observes that the law could be interpreted to justify hacking back at companies suspected of proprietary information theft and could be used by crackers who say if the studios can do it, so can we.
[Editor's Note (Schultz): Hays has spoken well--Berman, the apparent new champion of cybervilaganteeism, is way out of line. ]
8 July 2002 Security Researcher Claims Apple Update VulnerableRussell Harding of the University of Colorado claims a vulnerability in Mac OS 10.1.X and possibly 10.0.X allows hackers to hijack automatic software updating and install malicious programs on any Mac.
8 July 2002 Proposed XML Security StandardsThis article describes five proposed security-related XML standards: XML Encryption (Xenc), XML signatures (XML-SIG), XML key management specification (XKMS), extensible access control markup language (XACML) and Security assertion markup language (SAML).
9 July 2002 Philippine Internet Service Group To Fight Back Against HackersMembers of the Philippine Internet Service Organization (PISO) will work together to share information on spammers and hackers. Each participating ISP will promise to cut off access for any uncooperative user who is a danger to the Internet community. Spammers who do not cooperate will not only have their service terminated, but their phone numbers will also be posted on an information exchange provided by PISO.
[Editor's Note (Murray): We must hold ISPs responsible for some of the behavior of the users that they connect to the Internet. AOL sets the example for how it should be done. AOL enforces its acceptable use policies for the benefit of its users and the rest of us. PISO is recognizing what other ISPs will have to recognize. ]
5 July 2002 Virus Traced to Temp WorkerA temporary agency worker at the Aberdeen (Scotland) city council was fired for allegedly allowing the Metrion-B virus to infect the computer system. The virus infects executables and overwrites batch and HTML files. An estimated 200 PCs were infected, and the Council shut down its entire computer system to avoid any further infection. Police are exploring the possibility that the virus, which does not spread through e-mail, was deliberately introduced.
1 July 2002 Where's The Money in SecurityMost managed security firms, security consulting firms and security product firms have seen their hopes of a post-911 surge in business dashed by the economic recession. But a few organizations, the federal contractors that already had security practices, are doing very well.
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Editorial Team:
Kathy Bradford, Dorothy Denning, Roland Grefer,
Bill Murray, Stephen Northcutt, Alan Paller,
Marcus Ranum, Eugene Schultz