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African Natural History
On-line version ISSN 2305-7963
Print version ISSN 1816-8396
Afr. nat. history (Online) vol.7 Cape Town Jan. 2011
The Upper Cretaceous ammonite Grandidiericeras Collignon, 1961 (Puzosiinae), from the St Lucia Formation of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
William James KennedyI; Herbert Christian KlingerII
IDepartment of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, U.K. E-mail: email@example.com
IINatural History Collections Department, Iziko South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa. E-mail: email@example.com
The ammonite genus Grandidiericeras Collignon, 1961 was previously known from two species, based on six described specimens, three of which, referred to Grandidiericeras grandidierorum Collignon, 1961, are from the Middle Campanian of Madagascar, and three, referred to Grandidiericeras nagaoi Matsumoto & Saito, 1987, from the Coniacian of Japan. A single specimen from the Upper Santonian to Lower Campanian of Lake St Lucia in KwaZulu-Natal represents a new species, Grandidiericeras corrugatum.
Keywords: ammonites, Grandidiericeras, Santonian, Campanian, Cretaceous, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
The puzosiine genus Grandidiericeras, with Grandidiericeras grandidierorum as type species, was introduced by Collignon in 1961 (pp. 17, 47, pl. 17, fig. 1), [erroneously dated 1960 on p. 47] based on two individuals. The holotype, no. 3915 in the Collections of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, has a maximum preserved diameter of 160 mm approximately, and is illustrated here as Fig. 3A-B. Collignon's second specimen, MNHP 3914, was not figured, but the diameter was given as 134 mm. They are from Collignon's locality 157, Ankilizato (Belo sur Tsiribihina), Madagascar, and referred by him to the 'Campanien moyen á Eupachydiscus levyi et Delawarella subdelawarensis.' In 1970, Collignon illustrated a fragmentary specimen (p. 19, pl. 614, fig. 2297), consisting of a nucleus and a 120° sector of phragmocone with a maximum preserved whorl height of 45 mm. It is figured here as Fig. 2B. This specimen came from locality 156 of his Ankilizato (Belo sur Tsiribihina) section, and was referred to his Campanien moyen, 'Zone á Subdelawarella subdelawarensis et Australiella australis' (it should be noted that subdelawarensis is referred to Delawarella elsewhere in Collignon's works, and that Subdelawarella is a nomen nudum). The associated fauna from this locality and zone given in Collignon (1970) indicate an equivalence, in KwaZulu-Natal, to Campanian II of Kennedy & Klinger (1975).
Matsumoto & Saito (1987, p. 1, figs 1-4) described three specimens (and mention several other large individuals left in the field) of a second species, Grandidiericeras nagaoi from the Coniacian of Japan, the largest of which reaches a diameter of at least 500 mm (Matsumoto & Saito 1987, fig. 2). The present specimen, from the Upper Santonian to Lower Campanian of Lake St Lucia in northern KwaZulu-Natal provides a stratigraphic link between these Coniacian and Middle Campanian species.
Suborder AMMONITINA Hyatt, 1889
Superfamily DESMOCERATOIDEA Zittel, 1895
Family DESMOCERATIDAE Zittel, 1895
Subfamily PUZOSIINAE Spath, 1922
Genus Grandidiericeras Collignon, 1961
Type species
Grandidiericeras grandidierorum Collignon, 1961, p. 47, pl. 17, fig. 1, from the Middle Campanian of Collignon's locality 157, Ankilizato (Belo sur Tsiribihina), Madagascar.
Grandidiericeras corrugatum sp. nov.
Derivation of name
corrugatus (Latin): wrinkled, referring to the ventral ornament.
The holotype is SAM-PCZ022402 from the Upper Santonian to Lower Campanian St Lucia Formation at locality 105 of Kennedy & Klinger (1975, p. 296).
A Grandidiericeras with well-developed concave, elongate umbilical bullae.
The holotype (Figs 1A-B, 2A) is a fragmentary internal cast of a phragmocone in sparry calcite with an estimated maximum diameter of 130-140 mm, and a maximum preserved whorl height of50 mm. It retains traces ofcalcite spar-replaced shell. Coiling is relatively involute, the umbilicus comprising an estimated 25% of the diameter, shallow, with a low, convex wall and narrowly rounded umbilical shoulder. The flanks are flattened, subparallel, with rounded ventrolateral shoulders and a very feebly convex venter. The whorl breadth to height ratio is 0.64, the greatest breadth well below mid-flank. Twenty-eight ribs arise at the umbilical seam, sweep back across the umbilical wall, then forwards across the umbilical shoulder, where they strengthen into a sharp, concave umbilical bulla. Each bulla gives rise to a single rib, straight and feebly prorsiradiate on the inner flank, flexed slightly back and feebly convex at mid-flank, straight on the outer flank, broadening, and passing straight across the venter, where they are at their greatest breadth and strength, flattened and ribbon-like, with steep adapical and adapertural faces, and separated by subequal interspaces. Four interspaces on the outer whorl are slightly deepened into incipient constrictions. The poorly exposed suture is deeply incised and puzosiine.
Grandidiericeras corrugatum sp. nov. is distinguished from G. grandidierorum (compare Figs 2A and 2B) by its well-developed umbilical bullae and much coarser ribs, which are reduced to mere striae on the early whorls and on the umbilical shoulder of G. grandidierorum at a diameter equivalent to that of the holotype of G. corrugatum. The figured specimens of Grandidiericeras nagaoi (Matsumoto & Saito 1987, figs 1-4) are much larger, but are immediately distinguished by the lack of bullae, and very weak inner flank ribs, the ribs narrower, finer and more numerous, with more numerous long and short intercalatories on the middle and outer flank.
The St Lucia Formation at locality 105 is exposed in a 2-3 metre cliff and ca. 100 m foreshore exposure that spans the boundary between Santonian III and Campanian I of Kennedy & Klinger (1975); see detailed log in Klinger & Kennedy (1980, fig. 130). The precise level of occurrence of the specimen is not recorded.
We thank the staff of the Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford, the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, and the Natural History Collections Department, Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, for technical support. Kennedy acknowledges the financial support of the Oppenheimer Fund (Oxford) and Klinger financial support from the NRF (South Africa).
COLLIGNON, M. 1961. Ammonites néocrétacées du Menabe (Madagascar). VII, Les Desmoceratidae. Annales Géologiques du Service des Mines de Madagascar 31: 1-115. [ Links ]
COLLIGNON, M. 1970. Atlas des fossiles caractéristiques de Madagascar (Ammonites) XVI (Campanien moyen; Campanien supérieur). iv + 82p. Tananarive: Service Géologique. [ Links ]
HYATT, A. 1889. Genesis of the Arietidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 673: xi + 239 pp. [ Links ]
KENNEDY, W.J. & KLINGER, H.C. 1975. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. Introduction, Stratigraphy. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 25: 263-315. [ Links ]
KLINGER, H.C. & KENNEDY, W.J. 1980. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily Texanitinae Collignon, 1948. Annals of the South African Museum 80: 1-357. [ Links ]
MATSUMOTO, Y. & SAITO, R. 1987. Little known ammonite Grandidiericeras from Hokkaido. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan New Series 145: 1-9. [ Links ]
SPATH, L.F. 1922. On the Senonian ammonite fauna of Pondoland. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 10: 113-147. [ Links ]
ZITTEL, K.A. VON 1895. Grundzüge der Palaeontologie (Palaeozoologie). vii + 972 pp. Munich & Leipzig: R. Oldenbourg. [ Links ]
Received 26 July 2011
Accepted 5 October 2011


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Money Monday on WJON With Steve Laraway [10-14-13]
We all know that money makes the world go round, so every Monday at 10:40 we reach deep into our pockets and talk money with the experts from Laraway Financial Advisors. It might be the stock market, it might be the price of gas, but it's always how money or even the lack thereof, affects you. Our experts aren't on the show to dispense advice, they're on the show to give us and you a better understanding of how the power brokers on Wall Street, Main Street and Web Street think, and how you can take your future into your own hands.
This week, I drill Steve on important questions you should ask when considering a stock investment..

subset: commoncrawl


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Can A Transgender Woman Become Pregnant
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The founder of British charity ChildLine is calling on the government to take a hardline approach against what some consider to be hardcore pornography online - by enforcing an opt-in system for adults to protect kids from being traumatised by the images.
Esther Rantzen said in an opinion piece published in the Daily Mail - which is currently running a campaign to block porn on the web - that the Tory-led coalition was "on the cusp" of tackling the issue by making a "brave decision" about online smut.
Prime Minister David Cameron has previously indicated his support for such an opt-in system.
He recently waded into the debate about protecting kids from pornography online by personally stepping up pressure on ISPs to block smut websites by default.
But many major telcos are opposed to such measures, arguing such a move is simply not workable.
It was a point lost on Rantzen, who said:
There are those who protest, who believe that it is our right to watch whatever we want on the internet, and, of course, adults can opt in if that is their choice.
But I believe it's now time to protect young people from this new danger. Filters and blocks aren't the only solution, but an opt-in system is a real protection, a positive step forward, for the sake of caring, concerned parents, but, above all, for the sake of our children.
She said video clips and other images that were easily accessible online was leading to a "creeping plague of pornography on the internet".
Rantzen added that her charity had seen a big rise in calls from disturbed youngsters who had encountered smut when surfing the web.
She claimed that ChildLine had heard from many more children "deeply alarmed" by viewing porn, with a 34 per cent increase in calls over the past year.
"We received 641 calls from children who had been exposed to sexually indecent material - more than 50 a month," Rantzen said.
And, in a comment that appeared to echo DM's columnist Amanda Platell's earlier viewpoint on the matter, the charity's founder added: "These children rang because what they had seen was harmful. It's not to be compared with the old innocent days when teenagers furtively bought copies of Health And Efficiency to look at nudists cavorting in the sun."
Rantzen also said that ChildLine was witnessing a rise in "sexting" among teenagers, with boys putting pressure on girls to send them sexually explicit images of themselves via text.
The government is currently consulting the public on filtering pornography on the net, with a closing date of 6 September.
However, ironically given the subject matter, the process of filing in opinions about this debate via the Department for Education's online form has been hampered due to a serious security flaw that The Register uncovered in June this year.
The Information Commissioner's Office is investigating the cockup, which exposed email addresses, unencrypted passwords and sensitive answers of members of the public who filled in the associated form.
However, El Reg understands that the probe is expected to take months rather than weeks for the ICO to conclude on its findings about the DfE's data-handling shortcomings.
Meanwhile, those interested in adding their voice to the debate can do so by downloading an offline form here. ®


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Cape man critically hurt in crash succumbs to injuries
A Cape Coral man critically injured after the vehicle he was driving crashed on Fort Myers Beach on Sunday, injuring three others, has died
James Lepore 23, of 3517 Santa Barbara Boulevard, Cape Coral succumbed from injuries associated with the traffic crash, officials said Wednesday.
Original story: Four gravely injured in Beach crash
Four people were injured early Sunday morning, three critically, after an SUV crashed into a concrete wall and trees on Fort Myers Beach and then burst into flames.
Lee County Sheriff's Office deputies and Fort Myers Beach Fire and Rescue fire fighters responding to a 9-1-1 call at 6025 Estero Blvd. at 3:58 a.m. found the driver and two passengers trapped in a 2003 Hyundai Santa Fe. A fourth occupant had been pulled out by a passerby who was delivering newspapers.
Life-saving efforts began immediately, but the impact of the crash made it difficult to extricate the individuals inside, officials said, adding one passenger was trapped for about an hour.
The occupants of the vehicle were identified as driver James Lepore, 23, of Cape Coral, who sustained life threatening injuries (airlifted to the Burn Unit of Tampa General Hospital); front seat passenger Francis Gannon, 15, of Cape Coral, who sustained life threatening injuries (airlifted to the Burn Unit of Tampa General Hospital); rear seat passenger Asia Tannasse, 17, of Cape Coral, who remains hospitalized with life threatening injuries; and rear seat passenger/driver's side Brooke Bosley, 16, of Cape Coral, who was pulled from the vehicle and remains hospitalized with non-life threatening injuries.
During the rescue, a portion of Estero Boulevard was closed to thru traffic for four hours.
Preliminary investigation confirms the vehicle was traveling north on Estero Boulevard near the 6000 block at a high rate of speed, officials said, adding the driver was unable to turn through the left-hand curve at the rate of travel. The vehicle left the roadway to the northeast, struck a road sign, sideswiped a concrete wall and struck a second concrete wall head-on. The momentum carried the Hyundai through the concrete wall before striking a tree on the right front corner panel.
The vehicle burst into flames, most likely when it collided with the concrete wall. In addition to the excessive speed of the vehicle, alcohol is believed to be a factor, officials said.
The investigation continues.
SOURCE: Lee County Sheriff's Office


text:
Woman faces prison in meth trafficking
An Indian Hills woman faces at least eight years in prison after she admitted that she had 1.7 pounds of methamphetamine for sale in her home.
Tearsa Lynn Chaidez, 33, was scheduled for a trial next month on charges stemming from her October 2012 arrest.
In a plea agreement, prosecutors said they would not seek more than 4-10 years in prison on each count of trafficking in a controlled substance. That's a reduction of a more serious trafficking charge, which would have carried a life sentence with the possibility of parole or a definite term of 25 years under Nevada law.
Under the agreement the sentences would be served consecutively and there would be no chance of probation.
District Judge Tod Young told Chaidez that under the law, the penalty for trafficking was 2-15 years in prison and $500,000 fine on each charge.
Chaidez was arrested after a safe was found in her home containing the methamphetamine and $4,500 in cash, along with scales.
At an April 2013 preliminary hearing, a Douglas County investigator said he and another officer found the safe in a bedroom. The investigator said he could see money, packaging and what looked like illicit drugs by shining a flashlight through one quarter-sized hole in the back of the safe and looking through another hole.
He said Chaidez allowed him to take the safe to the sheriff's office where officers opened it.
She challenged a confession, saying that investigators didn't have probable cause to search the home.
According to court documents, her confession and the evidence in the safe was deemed admissible in November 2013.
Chaidez was scheduled to be tried in December 2013, but she was pregnant, and rather than endanger the child, Young delayed the trial until July.
On Tuesday, Attorney Derrick Lopez said that Chaidez was engaged to be married.
Young set her sentencing date for Aug. 12.


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You are currently browsing the category archive for the 'Anxiolytic' category.
Gotu Kola comprises a rich amount of vitamin B1 (thiamin), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B3 (niacin), and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). The principal bio-active chemical constituent of gotu kola is saponin. It is believed that this herb improves brain function and the mental ability as well as improves memory and learning performance. The herb heals chronic wounds, varicose vein, stomach ulcers, skin disorders i.e. eczema, psoriasis or leprosy, dreaded viral infections i.e. hepatitis and syphilis.
Asiatic pennywort, Gotu Kola, (English), Bacopa monniera, Chi-hsueh Ts'ao, man t'ien hsing, Brahmi, Brahma-manduki, Bemgsag, (Hindi), Mandooka Parni (Sanskrit), Vallarai keerai (Tamil), Centella asiatica (botanical name) family, Umbelliferae is commonly found near river banks, water streams or water ponds or reservoirs. This herbaceous plant grows well in moist soil conditions. The perennial herb is abundantly found in swampy, tropical regions. You can easily identify this slender, long stemmed creeping plant and its small, kidney shaped (reniform) lobed, green leaves as well as its pinkish red or white flowers. The plant has no taste or smell.
Nutritional Values
The herb comprises rich amount of vitamin B1 (thiamin), vitamin B2 (riboflavin) vitamin B3 (niacin) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). This will help you to convert carbohydrates into glucose as well as to improve the functioning of your nervous system. It has also good amount of vitamin K. It has an excellent source of minerals i.e. calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese and zinc.
Bio-active Chemical constituents (Phytochemicals)
The principal bio-active chemical constituent of gotu kola is saponin. The two saponins present in this plant are brahmoside and brahminoside. The saponins restrict from excessive formation of scars. The triterpenoids comprises asiaticoside, madecassoside and madasiatic acid. It also has two triterpene acids i.e. brahmic acid and isobrahmic acid; betulic acid and stigmasterol. The tripene acids show excellent wound healing properties. The plant also comprises important amino acids i.e. asparate, glutamate, serine, threonine, alanine, lysine and histidine. The other bio-active chemical constituents are sugar, glycosides, sterols, alkaloids (hydrocotyline), tannin, and few other inorganic salts
Medicinal Values
In India the roots, stems and leaves has been traditionally used as an herb for treating acute and chronic diseases for thousands of years. The indigenous Siddha system of medicine recognizes gotu kola as 'Kaya Kalpa' or 'elixirs of life'. Many of the 'Ayurvedic Rasayana' preparations use gotu kola as an important ingredient. The traditional physicians of ancient Indian have recognized the plant's ability in healing chronic wounds, varicose vein, stomach ulcers, skin disorders i.e. eczema, psoriasis or leprosy, dreaded viral infections i.e. hepatitis and syphilis. The herb has ability to balance your excessive BP to near normal level. It is highly recommended as a de-worming agent. The herb is also prescribed as an expectorant since it clears phlegm from your respiratory system.
It is a tonic and has ability to tone up your muscular tissues. . It improves hemoglobin percentage, RBC, serum cholesterol and blood sugar in your blood. It activates fast growth of your hair, skin and even nails. It is identified as an excellent brain and nerve stimulant. It is believed that this herb improves brain function and the mental ability as well as improves memory and learning performance. You are able to overcome easily all your negative effects related with fatigue and stress. The herb has potentials to improve I.Q. among children. It is also recommended for mentally retarded children. People often compare this herb with Chinese ginseng.
Rich in Vitamin B, it can be eaten as a salad or vegetable dish.
· Infectious hepatitis, measles, respiratory tract infections – colds, tonsillitis, laryngopharyngitis, bronchitis.
· Fresh material: 60 to 260 gms, dried material: 30 to 60 gms: Take in form of decoction.
· Counterirritant: Pound fresh leaves, mix with vaseline or oil and apply over affected area as poultice.
• Wounds and sore: The sap of the leaves is used on wounds and skin sores.
• In many folkloric systems, used for tuberculosis, syphilis, dysentery, hypertension, venous extremity probolems and common cold.
· In India and Fiji, roots used forskin inflammation, to improve blood circulation, to treat bloating, congestion and depression.
· Also considered to be a brain and memory stimulant, used for Alzheimer's disease and senility.
• In Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine, used for depression and anxiety.
• In Sri Lanka and Madagascar, used for a variety of mental and neurological problems.
• Anxiolytic: Rat studies have shown decrease in locomotor activity, enhanced maze performance and attenuated started response. This placebo- controlled studysuggest Gotu Kola has anxiolytic activity in humans as shown by the ASR (acoustic startle response).
• Bactericidal: In vitro study on the effect of CA on enteric pathogens. The alchol extract was bactericidal against V cholera, Shigella spp, and Staph aureus and suggests further studies in its potential as an antidiarrheal drug.
• Wound Healing: Study on albino rats showed the leaf extract of CA significantly promoted wound healing and was able to overcome the wound-healing suppression of dexamethasone.
• Antioxidant: Study showed CA extract and power may ameliorate H202-induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation.
• Immunomodulatory: Study revealed immunomodulatory activity of C asiatica and R nasutus extracts in both non-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Results suggest a chemoproventive or anticancer potential.
• Nerve Regeneration: Study indicates components in CA ethanolic extract may be beneficial for accelerating repair of damaged neurons.
• Scleroderma: Single study found gotu kola decreased joint pain and skin hardening and improved finger movement. source
• Periodontal Healing : Study results indicate that the combined use of extracts of CA and P granatum pericarp significantly reduced the clinical signs of chronic periodontitis.
• Larvicidal: Crude extract of leaves of CA showed larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition against mosquite Cules quinquefasciatus, possibly through various biogically active compounds–phenolics, terpenoids and alkaloids.
Gotu kola is a perennial creeper found in swampy areas of the tropics and subtropical areas worldwide. Gotu kola is also known as Centella asiatica, Indian pennywort, marsh penny, white rot, thick-leaved pennywort, hydrocotyle, Indian water navelwort, and talepetrako.
Gotu kola is a tasteless, odorless plant that thrives in and around water. It has clusters of red flowers and bears fruit. The leaves and stems of the gotu kola plant are used for medicinal purposes.
Gotu kola contains triterpenoid saponins (asiaticocide, brahmoside, thankuniside, madecasosside), volatile oils, bitter principles (vellarin), alkaloids (hydrocotyline), flavonoids, an alkaloid hydrocotyline, amino acids, resins, tannins, sugars, manganese, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, and vitamin A.
The triterpenoid saponins have antioxidant benefits and an ability to stimulate collagen synthesis for tissue regeneration. These saponins may increase collagen formation and also to have anti-inflammatory effects.
They prevent excessive scar formation by inhibiting the production of collagen at the wound site. Triterpenes also help to keep blood vessels strong and assist in producing essential neurotransmitters.
Medicinal uses and health benefits of gotu kola
When applied externally, gotu kola expediates the healing of burns, wounds, and various skin irritations by stimulating the production of keratin in the skin.
Taken internally, gotu kola is widely used to minimize varicose veins, boost memory, sharpen the mind in general, and stall memory loss related to Alzheimer's disease. Gotu kola is most useful in building healthy connective tissue, thereby reducing formation of scar tissue.
The triterpenoids in gotu kola aid in wound healing, support faster healing of skin sores, wounds, and cuts. Because of these properties, gotu kola has been used externally for burns, psoriasis, prevention of scar formation, and treatment of external fistulas.
Gotu kola may help improve blood flow in leg veins and may help with blood vessel damage and nerve damage caused by diabetes.
Gotu kola improves the strength and tone of blood vessels and may help to improve vein problems, particularly varicose veins, haemorrhoids, spider veins and skin ulcers. Gotu kola has also been used reduce edema in patients with diabetes and in at-risk patients during long flights.
Gotu kola is an excellent mental stimulant. Gotu kola dilates the peripheral blood vessels, so mental performance is improved through increased blood flow to the brain. It relieves mental fatigue and senility, and aids the body in defending itself against toxins.
The health benefits of gotu kola are quite extensive. Gotu Kola in its various forms has been used extensively over several thousand years in treating a lot of physical conditions like syphilis, hepatitis, stomach ulcers, mental fatigue, epilepsy, and diarrhea. Herbalists and natural medicine practitioners strongly believe that Gotu Kola has several curative qualities. There are a huge number of them who uphold that the Gotu Kola herb has properties that help reduce fever and relieve congestion caused by colds and upper respiratory tract infections.
Women have been using Gotu Kola for the purposes of birth control, and some herb specialists have established that Gotu Kola is an antidote for poison mushrooms and arsenic poisoning. They also claim that Gotu Kola preparations can be used to treat snakebites, herpes, fractures, and sprains.
Traditionally Gotu Kola benefits include the herb being used to treat some extremely serious conditions like syphilis, rheumatism, leprosy and mental illness. It is also used to stimulate urination and to relieve physical and mental exhaustion, eye diseases, inflammation, asthma, high blood pressure, liver disease, dysentery, urinary tract infections, eczema, and psoriasis.
During the recent past, Gotu Kola has gained popularity as a natural remedy for disorders that cause connective tissue swelling such as scleroderma, psoriatic arthritis (arthritis occurring in conjunction with psoriasis), anklylosing spondylitis (arthritis of the spine), and rheumatoid arthritis. However, its use in connection with these conditions is not supported by clinical trials.
More recent studies confirm many of Gotu Kola's traditional uses and also suggest possible new applications for Gotu Kola, such as lowering high blood pressure, treating venous insufficiency (pooling of blood in the veins, usually in the legs), boosting memory and intelligence, easing anxiety, and speeding the healing of wounds and burns.
While treating stress-related disorders like panic attacks and problems related to anxiety Gotu Kola has shown some extremely remarkable results. Scientists have established that compounds in Gotu Kola known as triter-pene acids bind to receptors in your central nervous system and reduce your startle response.
One of the many benefits of Gotu Kola include its effectiveness in treating various skin conditions and it is also felt to be very helpful in the treatment of cellulite and keloids. The hardening of connective tissue cells below the skin's surface causes cellulite and Gotu Kola seems to be very effective in slowing down this process. Having said the above, it should be noted that it isn't possible for cellulite to go away just by taking a few Gotu Kola capsules. The Gotu Kola herb is highly beneficial mainly because it contains certain substances and properties that work on the general strengthening and toning effect on the connective tissue. By itself it might not work wonders but can certainly contribute towards cellulite reduction when combined with diet, exercise, and massages.
Benefits of Gotu Kola
The benefits of Gotu Kola come from a slender creeping plant. The herb grows in the swampy areas of India, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar. Its Latin name is Centella Asiatica.
Gotu Kola is also grown in Australia, South America, and even the south eastern United States.
Uses For Gotu Kola
Some uses for Gotu Kola include the reduction of fatigue, the strengthening of memory, and in treating venous insufficiency. Varicose veins, circulation, and wound healing are also aided by Gotu Kola.
The benefits of gotu kola help increase longevity, prevents memory loss, and it is also used as an aphrodisiac. Substances called Triterpenoid Saponis in Gotu Kola aid in wound healing; this is done by decreasing venous pressure in venous insufficiency.
Benefits of Gotu Kola
Asiatocide and madecassoside have anti-inflammatory properties and may promote wound healing by stimulating collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. The herb has preventative and therapeutic effects on gastrointestinal ulcers.
Gotu Kola be anti-ulcer, as a result of the strengthening action on gastric mucosal lining, and the suppressing of free radical damage. The herb has been used as a sedative, an anticonvulsant, and analgesic (pain reliever). Gotu Kola may also have antibacterial activity against various bacteria, such as pseudo moans, pyocyaneus, trichidermia, and mentogrophytes.
Other areas that might benefit from the use of Gotu Kola include aging, arteriosclerosis, depression, and headaches. High blood pressure, hypoglycemia, chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins and wound healing can all be helped with the use of Gotu kola.
Further benefits of Gotu Kola
The herb Gotu kola is known widely for promoting healthy skin, and helping in the aid of skin irritations, such as burns, scar tissue, psoriasis, and similar conditions.
Studies have shown recently that Gotu Kolait can have further benefits benefits than the ones mentioned, such as improving mental acuity, combating and aiding in memory deterioration, and improving ones blood flow by strengthening numerous blood vessels.
Many other herbs don't have much information on them, however, the benefits of gotu kola benefits are shown in various clinical studies.
A book we recently came across from Reader's Digest called "The Healing Power of Vitamins, Minerals, and Herbs" says that: "In one study, 30 developmentally disabled children were found to have significantly better concentration and attention after taking gotu kola for 12 weeks…" and "In more than a dozen studies observing gotu kola's effects on veins…about 80% of patients with varicose veins and similar problems showed substantial improvement."
As you can see from above, studies are shown that that the herb has some excellent
benefits for ones health.
Known Side Effects From The Herb
The herb is not an essential nutrient, and because of this, there is no RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) set for this particular herb. We have found some side effects related to this herb, however, they are very rare. Some side effects we did come across are: extra sensitivity to sunlight and more susceptible to headaches. When the herb is applied on the skin, gotu kola can cause rashes on certain individuals.
If you are looking to supplement with Gotu, stay with a reasonable dosage of around 75 mgs to 100 mgs.
Women who are Pregnant or nursing should avoid taking gotu kola extract, unless advised otherwise from their physician. Medical experts advise against using gotu kola if you have a history of squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell skin cancer, or melanoma. People with liver disease should also avoid gotu kola.


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Paying for preschool can feel overwhelming, but it doesn't have to be. Discover ways to get a great education for your child and without straining your wallet.
Want to make sure your kids do well financially? Teach them great money habits with these learn-by-doing lessons.
You don't have to buy an extremely expensive house to get your child into a good school. Here are some other approaches to consider.
Is your child too young to get a real job? These five entrepreneurial activities are great ways for kids to earn their allowances and raise cash.
Music lessons for your child can be costly. But from teaching discipline to fostering a love of music to even improving math skills, the benefits are great.
Not all parents are intending to save for their children's education. There may be various reasons why this is the case and it's something I'd like to explore a little, to determi
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Practice Areas:
Your White Bear Lake Estate Planning and Administration Resource
Change is a constant in life and in families. Over time, our personal and financial needs change. Because of this, we need to not only plan for the future, but also alter our plans as our circumstances change.
I am Sheila Kelly, an estate planning, elder law and estate administration attorney in White Bear Lake, Minnesota. I understand that every family is unique with unique issues and goals. I help my clients in Ramsey County and throughout the Twin Cities adapt to life's changes using the tools of estate planning. Retain me, and I will help you understand your choices and find the solutions that work best for you and your family.
Who I Am And Why I Do What I Do
First, allow me to tell you a little about why I chose this line of work. It's because I care about people and I care about community.
I grew up in White Bear Lake and graduated from White Bear Lake High School. I live in the area and attend church locally. Although I have extensive experience in business and in the U.S. Navy (where I held top-secret clearance), I have stayed true to my roots.
Estate planning fits in with this community focus. It's not just about writing wills and probating estates; it's about helping people. Through my work at Sheila J. Kelly Law Firm, LLC, I can make an honest living while improving the lives of the people around me.
Retain me, and I can help you with these and other estate-related matters:
- Estate planning and elder law. I help clients of all ages to protect their assets, establish legacies for their families and retain control of their health care decisions. I do this using a variety of powerful estate planning tools, including wills, trusts, powers of attorney, health care directives (living wills) and beneficiary designations. I understand the issues my clients face and work hard to find the best solution for their situation.
- Estate administration and probate. I help personal representatives (executors) to manage estate assets after the death of a loved one and guide them through the probate process. I also represent folks in matters involving trusts, guardianships and conservatorships. If you have been entrusted to oversee a loved one's estate, or the person's personal or financial well-being as he or she ages or becomes incapacitated, I can help ensure that you fulfill your legal and personal responsibilities.
What You Can Expect From Me
Because I am a solo practitioner, I am free to focus directly on my clients. As a compassionate female attorney, I have the capacity to listen, understand and resolve the problems you face. Retain my services, and you will never have to deal with an intermediary. I will meet with you personally, listen to your concerns and discuss your options in plain language. I will educate you to make informed decisions about the matters that affect you. I will look at your whole estate and assemble a plan that meets your unique needs.
My goal is to help you reach your goals while feeling comfortable with every decision you make along the way. Because I respect your finances, I will strive to meet your estate planning needs while offering a good value.


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WASHINGTON (Reuters) - U.S. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid on Thursday scheduled votes next week on seven of President Barack Obama's embattled executive-branch nominees, setting up a showdown with Republicans over rules used to block confirmations.
Unless Republicans allow all seven to be confirmed, Reid told reporters, "I'm going to do what I need to do," adding, "This place doesn't work" under the current rules.
Speaking to reporters following a closed-door session he held with his fellow Democrats, Reid was thought to be referring to a possible move to strip Republicans of their ability to block executive branch nominees with a procedural hurdle known as the filibuster.
The seven nominees are: Gina McCarthy to head the Environmental Protection Agency, Thomas Perez to be U.S. labor secretary, Richard Cordray for director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and Fred Hochberg to serve a second term as head of the U.S. Export-Import Bank, along with votes on three members of the National Labor Relations Board.
The Senate requires 67 votes to change its rules, including those regarding filibusters. But under a procedural power play known as "the nuclear option," Reid could do it with just 51. His Democrats control the Senate, 54-46.
Their aim would be to reduce to a simple majority from 60 votes now needed to end filibusters on executive branch nominees. A 60-vote threshold would remain for judicial nominees as well as legislation, aides said.
While indicating he was prepared to force the rules change, Reid still held out hope the situation could be defused.
"We'll have to wait to see what the weekend brings," Reid said of the possibility that Republicans would allow the seven executive branch nominees to be confirmed.
If all seven were to be confirmed next week, Reid said there would be no need to pursue the nuclear option. "Hallelujah," he said of that potential outcome.
Reid told reporters he had the 51 Democratic votes needed to change the rules if the nominees are not confirmed next week.
In response, Republican leader Mitch McConnell said: "These are dark days in the history of the Senate."
In a heated exchange on the Senate floor earlier Thursday, Reid accused McConnell of breaking an agreement reached in January to make the Senate confirmation process more efficient and less hostile.
McConnell angrily denied it and accused Reid of concocting "a phony crisis" as an excuse to break his own promise on Senate's rules.
"If this isn't a power grab, I don't know what a power grab looks like," McConnell roared.
Reid charged that Republicans have blocked nominees not because they are unqualified, but because Republicans often do not like the pro-consumer, pro-labor and pro-environment agencies that they have been named to head. He also accused Republicans of delaying votes on nominees who eventually win broad support, just to hobble the Obama administration.
McConnell countered that scores of Obama's nominees have been confirmed this year, including a number of his Cabinet secretaries, many with broad bipartisan support. He accused Reid of trying to pick a fight to fire up the Democrats' liberal base, particularly organized labor.
Some Republicans suspect that if Reid eliminates the filibuster on executive branch nominations, it would not be long before Democrats do the same for legislation.
Republican Senator Lamar Alexander, who has fashioned himself as somewhat of a bridge to opposition Democrats, warned that a rules change would make him devote all his energies to winning a Republican majority in the Senate.
"Then Republicans will be in a position to do whatever Republicans with 51 votes want to do," as he sketched out a conservative agenda that includes altering the Dodd-Frank financial regulation law, repealing Obama's healthcare law and approving the Keystone oil pipeline from Canada through the United States.
"The nuclear option" has been threatened over the years by both parties to abolish or curb the filibuster. But it not been used, largely because the Senate majority knows it will eventually be back in the minority and would want the filibuster in its arsenal.
Some Republicans urged calm and suggested that Democratic and Republican senators huddle in a private meeting to try to resolve differences. That meeting is set for Monday.
In unusually harsh language, McConnell said that unless Democrats "pull back from the brink," Reid "is going to be remembered as the worst leader of the Senate ever."
(Additional reporting by Richard Cowan and David Lawder; Editing by Karey Van Hall, Vicki Allen and Stacey Joyce)


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Economic uncertainty and concerns about the country's growing racial diversity are the two key factors driving the growth of the tea party, says former Democratic National Committee Chair Howard Dean.
Speaking at a Monitor-sponsored breakfast for reporters, Mr. Dean said "the fundamental driver is the economy. I think the unsaid issue that nobody wants to talk about is – and the Republicans get really upset when I mention this – is the demographic changes. There is no question about that."
Dean called the tea party movement, "the last gasp of the generation that has trouble with diversity."
He argued that, "The demographic changes we have all known were going to happen have happened and all of a sudden it is here for them and they don't know what to do.... Every morning when they see the president, they are reminded that things are totally different than they were when they were born."
The former Vermont governor and presidential candidate said he tells college audiences that, "you have all had friends of different races, different religions, and different sexual orientations, and you all date each other, that is not how I grew up. That is not how the tea party grew up. The tea party is almost entirely over 55 and white."
Now working for a Washington law firm, Dean argued that there are three tea parties. "There is the racist fringe…. There is the Dick Armey corporate tea party, which doesn't have anything much more to do with the real tea party than the racist fringe. [Mr. Armey is a Republican former House majority leader now active in the tea party movement.] And then there is the real tea party … which is the vast majority – which are pretty socially conservative even though they try to mask that," Dean said.
Dean described the bulk of the tea party members as "populists. They are not going to support free trade. They don't mind taxing millionaires. And they really do want to balance the budget."
Incoming House Speaker John Boehner is well aware of the tea party's different components and political concerns, Dean said. "He is just trying to figure out how the heck he is going to make it work.… I can't wait to see which tea party really emerges."


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LA righting its ship may have saved Mattingly's job
ST. LOUIS -- When the Dodgers reached a season-high 12 games under .500 with a loss to the Padres on June 21, toiling at the bottom of the National League West, speculation regarding manager Don Mattingly job security had been abundant for weeks. And as it turns out, had Los Angeles not righted the ship by winning a Major League-best 32 of its next 39 games, the speculation may have soon become reality.
"[Team president Stan Kasten] was really honest, because I think he didn't want to do anything, but he says, 'Donny, at some point I've got to do something,'" Mattingly said of their late May conversation. "If they're not listening and it's not going good, you've got to make a change just to be making a change. And you could be doing the best job you could possibly do and it still wouldn't make a difference. At some point, I get it. I got that."
And Mattingly appreciated Kasten's candidness.
"I told him I understood. I didn't mind it because I thought it was just honest and he wasn't like trying to make me feel better or do anything else," Mattingly said. "He was just basically telling me the truth."
Now that the Mattingly's hot seat has cooled and the Dodgers have soared into first place in the NL West, the criticism of the Los Angeles skipper that plagued this season's early going has mostly subsided.
"It wasn't that much fun," Mattingly said. "You take it personal that you're team is not doing well and you understand the business, but I didn't really take it personal with any of the writers or anybody else because that's just a job that you had to do. I understand that's the way the game is. When the team doesn't play well, the manager usually gets it. And when a team is going good, [players] are playing great. It is true, honestly, the way it is."


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A photo booth is the perfect way to keep wedding guests entertained between the speeches and formalities. To ensure you are booking a fun, reputable and easy-to-use photo booth that fits your budget, read the vendor's customer reviews and arrange to view the product in person.Photo Booth Adelaide
Wedding Photo Booth Insights
There are 5 Adelaide Wedding Photo Booths suppliers from which to choose. Overall, they have an average rating of 4.9 out of 5. Couples usually enquire with 3 vendors in this category and book 3 months out from their wedding date, typically after Wedding Flowers and before Hair and Makeup. Wedding Photo Booths suppliers charge between $790 and $1,170, averaging at $920. Across Australia, the average cost is $755. Given Australian weddings typically cost $30,510, this means Australian couples spend 3% of their wedding budget on Wedding Photo Booths.
5 suppliers match your filters. Clear
One photobooth. Endless experiences.
We love what we do and Smile Crocodile proudly provide an innovative twist to the traditional photobooth for clients throughout Adelaide.
Are you looking for that WOW factor for your wedding? Do you want an unforgettable experience? At Dreambooths we can supply you with exactly that.
Capture the moment and take home the memories.
Mirror Me photo booth is a high end alternative for the old and large photo booth box!
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Monday, November 30, 2020
Israel passes law to bar BDS supporters from entering the country
The Palestine Monitor
- March 07, 2017
Main News
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- Israel's parliament, the Knesset, passed a law late Monday evening to bar foreign nationals who support a boycott of Israel from entering the country.
The law states that "no visa and residency permit of any type will be given to a person who is not an Israeli citizen or does not have a permit for permanent residency in the State of Israel" if the individual has publicly called for an economic, cultural or academic boycott of Israel or the settlements, or works for an organisation that advocates it. The bill, sponsored by right-wing and centrist coalition lawmakers, was passed with 46 votes in favour and 28 against.
The ban will apply to anyone "who knowingly issues a public call for boycotting Israel that, given the content of the call and the circumstances in which it was issued, has a reasonable possibility of leading to the imposition of a boycott – if the issuer was aware of this possibility." The definition is taken from the 2011 "boycott law" which allowed the filing of civil lawsuits against Israeli citizens and organisations promoting BDS.
"It's possible to feel national pride and still believe in human rights. It's possible to defend the name and honor of the State of Israel and there's no shame in that," said one of the bill's sponsors, MK Roy Folkman from the centrist Kulanu party, during the Knesset debate.
Human rights organisations have released various statements criticising the bill.
A statement from Adalah said: "This law violates the most basic tenets of democracy by making political opinions a consideration that may prevent non-citizens from entering Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT). Those seeking to enter the country most certainly need not align their political positions with those of the current Israeli government in regards to the occupation."
Palestinians with temporary residency status in Israel - like those undergoing family unification procedures - will not be exempted.
"These individuals will now be vulnerable to a revocation of their status and permits based upon their political opinions," the statement continued.
In practice, Israeli border authorities already have the power to decide who comes in and who stays out, and many pro-Palestinian activists have been turned away at Israel's borders over the years, with reports soaring in recent months. But critics argue that enshrining this practice into law sends a clear message that will further isolate the country.
Jstreet, an advocacy group that defines itself as the "political home for pro-israel, pro-peace americans" strongly criticised the bill, saying "it will do nothing to deter the Global BDS Movement – indeed it hands them a victory. The bill will further isolate the country, validate Israel's critics and deny many people the opportunity to hear and learn from Israelis and Palestinians firsthand (...). The Israeli government's continued insistence that the settlements should be treated the same as Israel within the Green Line advances the interest of a small right-wing minority at the expense of Israel's long-term interests."
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Implement Review10 the best customer feedback and review softwarejulie p May 8, 2018 0 COMMENTS
Review10 is the best customer feedback and review software that works with any business and improve customer service as your employees will become more self-aware that customers can review their service and reach out to the manager immediately if needed.
Review10 is the simplest and fastest customer review service available. It allows customers to tell you what can be improved and contact the manager if required. Setup takes 2 minutes.
So let us get some facts straight: in retail, 89% of companies say they're competing mostly based on customer experience (Gartner survey); On the other hand, 70% of buying experiences are based on how the customer feels they are being treated; and It's six to seven times more expensive to acquire a new customer than it is to retain an existing one.
Yet still most companies still do not listen to their customers.
That's why we have created for you a simple and affordable customer review service, so that you can collect and analyse your customer feedback. Just place a QR Code on display on the counter next to the cashier, print it on the receipt or send it on each email – any scenario where there is interaction with a customer is an opportunity to collect feedback.
Then customers will scan the QR code or click on them and make a 10-second review. Super easy.
The biggest objection to giving reviews
The biggest objection customers have about giving reviews is the time it takes but with Review10 they do it in just 10 seconds. The process is super easy, customers give you a score from 1 to 10 and then point to what they like most or less about you. They also can notify the manager if they want to, meaning peace of mind to them and you.
Review10 uses the smartphone QR Code scanning capabilities so neither the business owner nor the customers need to acquire any extra piece of hardware/software.


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Ikon Gallery
Ikon Gallery is an internationally acclaimed contemporary art venue situated in the refurbished neo-gothic Oozells Street School building in Brindleyplace, central Birmingham. Ikon shows a varied programme of exhibitions which change every two months, along with a series of talks, tours, workshops and seminars.
Venue Type:
Tuesday - Sunday 11am - 5pm
Closed Mondays except Bank Holidays, and during installation of exhibitions. Please call to confirm opening times
Free entry
Additional info
Ikon Resource Room: Situated on the 2nd floor, the Resource Room is a public space offering interpretative material for main gallery exhibitions.
Ikon Shop: Ikon has an on-site specialist art bookshop plus an online shop at www.ikon-gallery.org Opening times are Tuesday - Sunday 10.30am-5:30pm. Open during installation of exhibitions.
Café Opus at Ikon: a modern British café, featuring classic dishes sourced from high quality producers. Opening times are Monday - Saturday 11am-8pm, Sunday 11am-5pm. Open during installation of exhibitions.T: 0121 248 3226.
Ikon Gallery Hire: If you are interested in hiring the Galleries or Events/Meeting Room for a private function or meeting please telephone Ikon Marketing on 0121 248 0708 for a copy of our brochure and current rates.
Access: Ikon Gallery aims to be fully accessible to disabled visitors. A wheelchair and audio guide are available on request. Guide dogs are welcome throughout the building. If you require assistance, please telephone 0121 248 0708 or ask at the reception desk.
Ikon shows a continuous programme of changing exhibitions both in the galleries and offsite. A variety of media are represented including sound, video, mixed media, photography, painting, sculpture and installation. As well as exhibitions in the gallery, exhibitions and projects also take place regularly in Ikon's Events Room and Tower room.
Collection details
Decorative and Applied Art, Film and Media, Fine Art, Photography
Ikon Gallery
1 Oozells Square
Ikon Shop
Café Opus at Ikon
Gallery hire
- About
- | Collections
- | Resources
- | Map


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Radon program Tuesday in Carson City
A free radon program is 6:30 p.m. Tuesday at the Carson City Sheriff's Office, 911 E. Musser St.
Put on by the Nevada Radon Education Program of University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, free radon test kits will be available and a certified radon mitigator will be on hand.
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is present in rocks and soil. It can accumulate in buildings and can cause lung cancer. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates 21,000 Americans die each year from radon-induced lung cancer, killing more people than secondhand smoke, drunk driving, falls in the home, drowning or fires in the home. The EPA recommends citizens make reparations to homes if radon levels reach 4 picoCuries per liter of air (pCi/l) or higher. According to experts, living in a home with an average radon level of 4 pCi/l poses a similar risk of developing lung cancer to smoking half a pack of cigarettes a day.
"When compared to other causes of death, radon kills more people per year," said UNCE Radon Education Program Director Susan Howe. "Fortunately, this type of cancer is preventable and fixable."
Howe urged area residents to test their homes for radon. Simple and free short-term radon test kits can be obtained at the public presentation. Nevada residents can also obtain free short-term radon test kits now through Feb. 28 at the Carson City Cooperative Extension office, 2621 Northgate Lane, Suite 15, in Carson City.
In Carson City County, elevated radon levels have been found in nearly 39 percent of the homes tested, as 406 out of 1,048 valid test results were at or above the EPA Action Level of 4 pCi/l.
For more information on radon, radon testing, mitigation and/or building new homes with radon resistant features, call the Nevada Radon Hotline at 1-888-RADON10, or visit the UNCE Radon Education Program website at http://www.RadonNV.
This event is sponsored by UNCE Radon Education Program, which is working with the Nevada State Health Division and the EPA in a nationwide campaign to educate Americans about the dangers of radon exposure and to encourage them to take action to protect their homes and families.
If you have questions about the physical access provided for the presentation, contact UNCE's Carson City Office at 775-887-2252.


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Review: Corsair Gaming Keyboards and Mice Attack with a Vengeance
Keyboards and mice are generally things that most people don't look to replace unless they've either broken or they find something vastly better. In our case, it has really been more of a case of the latter. We have been happily using our Logitech G5 mouse and G15 (first gen) keyboard since 2004.
There have been far too many keyboards that have either been downgrades from the original G15 (including subsequent revisions) or that have had a fatal flaw that made them inferior to the G15. We have used various keyboards from an array of manufacturers, but we often found ourselves coming back to the G15 because of its durability, design, functionality, and feel.
So, where does Logitech's G15 fit into all of this? Well, the original Logitech G15 and G5 were designed by a team in Europe. That team is now part of Corsair and has been heading up their Vengeance gaming division. They are responsible for the launch of Corsair's audio products as well as their gaming headphones, which we recently had the pleasure of reviewing.
Mr. Ruben Mookerjee, Vice President, Components Business Unit at Corsair Memory, was formerly the Director of WW Product Marketing, Gaming Business Unit after he had worked as managing director at Logitech. His long history of work with gaming peripherals and his involvement with the creation of the Logitech G series of gaming products made us excited about the potential of Corsair's Vengeance gaming keyboards and mice. A team led by Mr. Mookerjee composed of many former Logitech gaming division staff; there is potential for a rebirth of the brilliance of the older Logitech series.
Unfortunately for Logitech, they have relegated themselves to the position of the industry 'leader', one that no longer innovates but rather rebadges and re-labels their existing products. They have been doing this for a number of years, and as a result, the void they allowed to exist in the gaming peripherals market has allowed many newcomers to compete. Their complacency has resulted in market share going to new manufacturers with a variety of new products. Logitech once held a firm grip on the gaming peripheral market, but it is safe to say nowadays that it is an open playing field.
That brings us to today, reviewing the Corsair Vengeance line of keyboards and mice. In our review, we will detail both keyboards and both mice a about their features, design, capabilities, gaming ability, potential improvements, as well as our overall experience with them.
Specifications and Features
First up are the Vengeance K60 and M60 keyboard and mouse, which are primarily designed with FPS (First Person Shooters) in mind. These are followed by the K90 and M90 keyboard and mouse, which have more of a focus on MMO (massively multiplayer online) and RTS (real time strategy) games.
Corsair Vengeance Gaming Keyboards
The Corsair Vengeance keyboards come in two variants, the Vengeance K60 and the Vengeance K90. As stated earlier, the K60 has a focused on FPS gaming while the K90 is focused on MMO and RTS gaming. Here we will detail the features and pricing of each of them.
The Vengeance K60 is a mechanical keyboard (unlike Logitech's G-series). This means that the keystrokes not only feel better but are also much more precise, which is why they are so sought after for gaming. In our review of the Thermaltake MEKA G1 we detailed the differences between the majority of mechanical switches, and the MEKA G1 used the more gaming-centric Cherry MX Black switches. Corsair chose to use mechanical switches as well, but wanted to provide the best experience for gamers possible. They opted to use the Cherry MX Red switches which had until recently been discontinued due to a lack of OEMs using them. The reason for the discontinuation is the same reason Corsair chose to use the Cherry MX Red switches. It is because they are the most sensitive and therefore not necessary for non-gaming applications, but provide excellent response for gaming and are still very suitable for general use. Mechanical switches have only recently begun to be widely used for gaming keyboards, and this renewed interest has brought unprecedented popularity to the Cherry MX Red switches.
Since this keyboard is mechanical, it allows for multiple key presses to occur simultaneously. With the K60, there is a 20-key roll over (via USB) which means that the user has the ability to strike 20 keys at the same time should they ever desire. However, for most practical purposes users should not have to worry beyond 10. The K60 also comes with a textured and colored WASD and 1-6 key set (something similar to what we saw on the MEKA G-UNIT). The keyboard has a variable polling rate ranging from 1ms to 8m with 2ms being the default setting. Corsair included a wrist rest to avoid wrist cramping when playing games for long stretches of time. The wrist rest also doubles as a storage unit for the red textured keys.
There are also dedicated media keys and a Windows Key lock to prevent the user from accidentally pressing the Windows Key while gaming and minimizing the game. This key is a necessity on any keyboard marketed as a gaming keyboard. Corsair also chose to use a solid metal volume roller for adjusting volume on the fly. This feature is something we have seen on a couple of keyboards but we would like to see more widespread use. The solidness of the K60 is further reinforced by the fact that the entire top plate of the keyboard is solid aluminum which gives the keyboard a more solid feel and provides a great aesthetic.
The K90, in reality, is very similar to the K60 but it packs a slightly different set of features that will appeal to a different type of gamer. It has the same mechanical switches, 20-key rollover, polling rate and aluminum top plate, but it also adds some very desired features which could leave you wondering which keyboard you really want to get. The K90 is different in that it adds 17 macro keys to the side of the keyboard. This is extremely useful for anyone that plays an MMO or an RTS because it allows users to execute their commands in Starcraft 2 without panicking or cast the right spells in World of Warcraft.
There are also 3 sets of macros which results in having up to 54 different macros on one keyboard. The K90 also adds backlit keys which is something that we would like to see on more mechanical gaming keyboards. Backlit keys are not often a feature people care about until they don't have it. Since this keyboard is a little longer and users will often find themselves gliding from side to side, Corsair included a full length wrist rest that goes from end to end to ensure maximum comfort.
The K60 is expected to retail for $99 while the K90 is expected to retail at a slightly higher $129. Considering the quality of the components in these keyboards and the overall design, the pricing is spot on.
After having taken a quick look at these keyboards, there is nothing to say other than we are having a lot of allusions to other gaming keyboards we've seen in the past. However, we would not say that Corsair is copying anything, but rather taking the best of features from other keyboards we have encountered putting them into their two keyboards.
Corsair Vengeance Gaming Mice
Corsair has also launched two gaming mice to match their gaming keyboards. These are the M60 and M90 mice. The Vengeance M60 will feature an ultra-high resolution Avago 5670 DPI laser sensor with on-the-fly resolution adjustments and an aluminum unibody design, adjustable center of gravity, programmable lift detection, high-mass scroll wheel and PTFE low resistance glide pads. It also has a 1ms or 1000Hz polling rate which is required of a good FPS mouse. The M60, since it is geared towards FPS features a Sniper button which allows the user to quickly toggle from high DPI resolution to a high precision (low DPI) mode for more accurate aiming. The mouse itself is designed to be as ergonomic as possible and for long gaming sessions. This mouse is just screaming Battlefield 3 and we are certain that everyone (including Corsair) knows it.
The Corsair M90 takes many of its cues from the M60, but once again it has an MMO/RTS focus to make it more attractive for users who play them. The M90 uses the same sensor and many of the previously mentioned features, but M90 adds 15 fully programmable buttons which are managed by Corsair's Vengeance utility. The Vengeance utility allows users to control on-board profiles and sensor settings. The button placement for these 15 is quite ergonomic and makes them intuitive and easy to use. This allows for a very highly customized gaming experience that enables MMO, RPG, and RTS gamers to mold their gaming peripherals to their liking. Because of this, you will probably find many Diablo 3 and Skyrim users switching to this mouse.
Packaging and Accessories
When it comes to accessories, Corsair has gone ultra-light and has not put an emphasis on the packaging or accessories. After all, these peripherals are technically accessories themselves.
The keyboards come in large, fully recyclable boxes (partially made of recycled materials) with lots of information as well as the basics of the keyboards. In the case of the K60 this refers to the wrist rest, extra keys and the key removal tool. With the K90, it refers the full length wrist rest and the necessary attachment hardware for it. Both keyboards come with a very short manual and warranty pamphlet. All drivers are downloaded from Corsair's website and reduce unnecessary waste in the form of CDs. This move makes sense considering that drivers are always being updated and a disc will likely become outdated almost immediately.
The mice are similarly packaged with lots of information on the packaging and with minimal actual accessories. Both mice come with a quick start guide and warranty pamphlet. Both boxes are recyclable, so we are proud of Corsair's choice to be environmentally conscious with their packaging and their move towards a more Spartan packaging for accessories which should be emulated by other companies. The best packaging for today's gaming accessories tends to be less is more. Protect the product and minimize the impact on the environment, and possibly save some money in the process.
Design and Build Quality
When it comes to design and build quality, Corsair definitely went off the beaten path when it came to their keyboards and mice. They took a lot of cues from various competitors and included some of their own flair to the design while still maintaining excellent build quality of these devices.
The first thing one will notice when looking at these keyboards and mice is that they all feature quite a bit of aluminum. Normally we would not talk much about aluminum when it comes to gaming peripherals, as that is usually reserved for Apple products and other fancy accessories. But with Corsair, they have made no compromises and integrated aluminum heavily into the aesthetics of their design as well as the build quality and durability of their products.
The M90 and the M60 both feature an aluminum frame with an aluminum base. This not only gives the mice an extremely clean and expensive look, but it also makes them extremely durable and gives them a nice weight, which is necessary for gaming. The M90 has a seamless aluminum bottom pad with frictionless glide pads, while the M60 has a similar bottom aluminum pad, but it has three removable weights which are screwed in within the mouse itself, allowing for adjustable weight. Because of these different design decisions, one mouse may or may not fit your needs. Both mice have a similar scroll wheel with a rubberized grip. Beyond those two things and the tangle-free cord, these two mice are entirely different.
The M90 sets itself apart by having nine macro buttons located on the left-hand side of the mouse, as well as adjustable profile buttons. These buttons are relatively well placed and low profile. They are designed to conform to the mouse's shape and generally are easy to access. Personally, I only found 3-4 of those buttons actually useful as the rest simply were not as easy to access with my thumb alone.
The M60 really gets most of its design from its focus as an FPS mouse. The mouse also has programmable buttons, but there are only three total buttons. Two are intended to be the forward and back buttons while the third button is special purpose button. This button's purpose is to quickly and easily drop the DPI/sensitivity of the mouse when sniping or flying. Although this mouse is not officially an ambidextrous mouse, the M60 is much more lefty-friendly than the M90 which is exclusively right-handed by design. In addition, the design of the M60 actually allows for slightly more palm support and more breathing area beneath your palm as most of the palm rest is actually hollow, reducing palm sweat.
Both the M90 and M60 also feature faint blue LED lighting which can be turned on and off, which we find extremely useful. The fact that Corsair makes this very easy to change makes us happy. This is enabled through their software, which we will detail later in the review. They also both feature screws and rivets that keep the mice together rather than plastic and glue. This makes the mice more durable than any that have preceded them.
The design of both the K60 and K90 borrows aesthetic from previous keyboards we have seen, which we actually commend because some keyboards have good features and borrowing the best of everything can yield excellent results. The keyboards, as we have mentioned, have a full aluminum frame with a plastic underbody and plastic keys. The keyboards are not attached by cheap plastic and glue, but rather a series of metal screws which hold the keyboard together in place. This is a similar design to that of the mice. Based upon their durable design and construction, we would questions whether a user could break these keyboards with anything short of driving a car over them. Following this heavy-duty theme, both keyboards also have thick and sturdy USB cables designed to withstand any kind of abuse.
The K60 also features the removable WASD and 1 through 6 keys which can be replaced by raised and textured buttons. These buttons not only have gaming aesthetics, but also serve a specific purpose as they have edges raised on the sides that meet with regular keys to prevent a user's fingers from drifting away from the important WASD and 1 through 6 keys. This design indicates to us that the designer of this keyboard is a likely a fan of Battlefield 3. It is interesting to note that the original G15 was also designed with a focus on the Battlefield series games. It is nice to know that DICE and EA are still fostering good accessory development.
The K60's crowning feature, which sets it apart from nearly every other keyboard we have seen, is the left wrist rest which also doubles as storage for the extra keys and key removal tool. It does significantly increase the depth of the keyboard, but even so, it still fits comfortably on a keyboard tray. The K60 also has a very nice set of media buttons which blend in nicely and feature a volume scroll wheel, which we have seen before on some more recent Logitech keyboards. Neither these buttons nor the F keys are actually mechanical, which is understandable as it is not necessary to have mechanical function keys. Because this keyboard is mechanical, you can remove the majority of the keys and clean behind them. This is also because the keys are not recessed into a housing, but rather rest on the red switches which are atop the aluminum frame.
Now, the K90 is very similar to the K60 in terms of design, but Corsair has opted to add a few features to make it more MMO (Massive Multiplayer Online) game friendly. Personally, I am not one to play MMOs, but this keyboard is very similar to the K60 with a few additions. Namely, Corsair has opted for a full length wrist rest as opposed to just one for the left hand, which is more FPS centric. In addition, they have actually designed a very secure, yet flexible way of affixing the wrist rest to the keyboard, unlike any other we have encountered. This method is much more durable but still enables quite a bit of up and down free movement. In addition to the full length wrist wrest, the keyboard also features backlit keys. Unlike some of their competitors, Corsair has backlit every key on the keyboard. We like this approach and are of the opinion that keyboards are either entirely backlit, or not at all. The keyboard also has four variable brightness settings which can be adjusted by pressing the brightness key on the keyboard or manipulating it through the keyboard software.
The final feature that the K90 has over the K60 is the 18 slightly recessed G-Keys. Because of the three G-Key profile buttons, there are three full sets of 18 macros that a user can program into the keyboard. We really like that Corsair has opted to make them slightly recessed in order to help the user to easily differentiate between the G-Keys and the standard keys. Although, we wish they would have included mechanical keys on the G-Keys considering that for some MMO and RTS gamers, they may get quite a bit of use.
You'll also notice that unlike the G15, G19 or G510 the Corsair Vengeance K90 does not have a screen on the keyboard, normally you would think that since Logitech had originally implemented it that it would be an extremely sought after feature. Yet, almost no other keyboards have those screens and they all sell very well, mainly because after having owned a G15 for so long, you realize it really is a gimmick and that you will look at it maybe 1% of the time that you're actually using the keyboard. Don't get us wrong, we'd love to have a screen, but it sure as hell isn't necessary nor is it really practical in terms of durability and functionality.
If you take a look at the two USB ports, you'll notice one is clearly labeled as the keyboard USB port while the other is labeled as the pass-through port. This way you don't have to use up two USB ports on the back of your case, if you don't plan on using the built-in USB port on the keyboard.
Reviewer Experience and Recommendations
The reason we were so excited to test out these keyboards and mice had a lot to do with the people involved in the project as well as what we had seen back at IDF in September. Based upon these expectations, we were really hoping to finally replace our aging G15s with something much more modern and functional.
The first thing that we noticed when we opened up these keyboards was that they had a nice look to them due to the use of aluminum. Similarly, the mice really had the same feel as a result of their aluminum design and build, which we mentioned earlier.
When it came to setting up both keyboards and mice, we decided to pair up the K90 and M90 together as well as the K60 and M60 in another system. With these combinations, we decided that we would most likely experience Corsair's intended effect of having a full gaming experience.
When using the keyboards, we really found that the Cherry MX Red keys were really great for both gaming and typing. We typed this entire review on the K90. It was nice using the keyboard both during the day and night due to the fully backlit keys as well as the just right amount of feedback. Being a somewhat loud typer, though, this did somewhat increase the volume of my typing and for some people may not be a good fit in quieter settings.
In terms of comfort, the K90's full length wrist rest is really quite right and, in total, the keyboard actually takes up less space than my G15 did, giving me a better keyboard with equal or more functionality than my G15 in a smaller footprint, which is always nice. One must remember that we are comparing to the full-featured original G15 with 18 macro keys as opposed to Logitech's current model which only has 6 macro keys. So, whenever the G15 is mentioned, we are referring to the original G15, because the current model is an inferior revision.
The K60 is quite nice as well, especially with the wrist wrest for long term FPS gaming. We found that swapping out the standard keys with the red textured and raised keys was really easy thanks to the included key removal tool which is included inside of the wrist rest. It would've been nice, though, if Corsair included one for the K90 as well for the neat freaks that want to remove all their keys easily and clean behind them. The raised/textured red keys, though can be a bit problematic for people who do a lot of typing as they do feel a bit awkward when typing a lot and take a bit of getting used to, but that seems to be more of a matter of preference above anything and you can always pick and choose which you swap out.
The M90 is extremely comfortable and has a nice texture to it that is that ruggedized type of plastic that you can't really put fingerprints on and always feels smooth to the touch. I didn't really find myself using the various profiles as much, so the profile switcher was a bit unnecessary, but for someone who uses mouse macros a lot, this could be extremely useful as you can switch between six different mouse profiles all of which can have different macros and DPi settings from 100 all the way up to 5700. The mouse also allows you to test the surface that you're using it on in order for it to accurately read the surface and give you more accurate and smooth movement. You can also adjust the lift height, which is really intended for people who like to play on really low DPI and use a gigantic mousepad and generally have to lift their mouse for movement. By adjusting the lift height, you can change how far away the mouse will start to sense the mouse surface. You have to be careful, though, because if you set it too low you can lose sensitivity on software cushier mouse pads instead of a hard flat desk or mouse pad.
The M60, is admittedly, much less complicated. The M60 has most of the similar features as the M90 does, but with many fewer macro buttons. Admittedly, the software still allows you to essentially macro any button to your liking, but the amount of buttons available that aren't already assigned a predefined function are relatively low. The M60 also has DPI selection, but there are dedicated buttons that you can actually associate with a certain light on the mouse that tells you which DPI it is operating at. Similarly, you can adjust the lift height and surface quality and also program any macros into the mouse and save them to the mouse like the M90 and K90. The M60, as we stated before has a much more neutral design and could easily be used by someone who is left handed and it felt a bit more supportive to our hand than the M90 did. Also because of the design, we found that we got slightly less sweaty palms over longer gaming sessions. But the overall comfort level isn't quite as comfortable on the whole hand as much as the M90 because of this design. So, each mouse is slightly more friendly to different grip styles and preferences.
There are, though, a few recommendations that we would've preferred Corsair include in these keyboards that we hope that they'll implement in their future versions. First of all, the USB pass-through port is a great addition, meaning you get full USB power and functionality out of the keyboard, but its misleadingly blue even though it's still USB 2.0. Considering the year that USB 3.0 is going to have, there's really no reason it should be USB 2.0. Also pertaining to the USB port as well, we would've liked Corsair to somehow acknowledge where the USB port is to the user without having to look over the keyboard and find it. A simple little USB logo or even a simple blue dot would have sufficed. If Corsair wanted to be fancy, they could've added a little light to further make it visible at night as well as during the day.
With the M60 mouse, we would've preferred to have in-mouse DPi switching that is easy to adjust without having to remove one's index finger from the left mouse click button. Admittedly, Corsair's sniper button does enable you to switch between one DPi and another, but it would be nice to have more flexibility in the future. Currently, the DPI switching is enabled by an up and down button directly centered in the middle of the mouse.
With both mice, we would've liked to have a similar scroll wheel to what we've seen on the Logitech G500, which has a frictionless option to the scroll wheel which allows for a lot of very fast scrolling with little effort. While we aren't sure whether or not Logitech has patented this, we'd still like to see it in Corsair's future mice.
Software Experience
When we plugged all of the peripherals in, they all worked immediately from the get-go. No problems at all. Most of the features for them worked without even needing any software, which is really nice. In addition to that, since the USB ports are simply pass-through they don't require any drivers either, so in many instances these keyboards and mice operate nearly flawlessly without any software at all.
Now, we strongly advise that you do actually install the latest drivers for the keyboards and mice as the software really unlocks their full potential and gaming ability. The nice thing about the software is that it essentially allows you to manage all of the functions of the keyboards and mice inside of the software, with more precise settings.
The M90 and K90 are really the best examples of why Corsair's software is so powerful and really the most necessary. We didn't really find that Corsair's software was as necessary with the K60 and M60 combo as the only real programmable parts were three buttons on the mouse, and two of them are already pre-programmed into the mouse. With both the K90 and M90, you can fully control all of the aspects of the keyboard and mouse.
The first thing that comes to our attention is that you can easily switch between the mouse and keyboard in the same program without having to open up an entirely different window or program. This level of simplicity is generally missing in many gaming companies' software. Furthermore, the level of customization that is enabled is purely astonishing and quite easy to use. You can adjust the level of the K60's brightness through 4 different levels in software as well as all of the macro keys.
When we tried using the macro keys, we found that they were very well programmed, in other keyboards we've found that the macros sometimes interfered with each other when fired off in rapid succession. With the K90, we've found that the keyboard macros executed in a queued manner in order not to interrupt each other. We used the keyboard to enter these macros it automatically built the delays into the key presses, which can also be manually entered inside of the software. This is awesome when you realize that you can do this with things like Battlefield 3 and even for this review, Photoshop. The Battlefield 3 example can be demonstrated on either the M90 mouse or the K90 keyboard, and can enable you to quickly deploy all of your C4's and then explode them after an exact amount of time. Similarly, one can also implement this when firing off tank shells, as there is a reload delay. You can fire off a tank shell and then the mouse will automatically switch you to secondary fire as you are reloading and then immediately switch back again and fire the main shell.
In Photoshop, in preparation for this review, we were able to execute a resize macro, followed by a save as macro, followed by a next image macro. We were able to fire off all three macros in rapid succession on approximately 150 photos without any issues, this was not the case when we were using the G15, where the 2nd or 3rd macro would interfere with the 1st or 2nd and completely break the macro process and waste our time. The queued process and properly implemented delays are really quite awesome and the best thing about them is that they can all be programmed into the keyboard and used without any of the Corsair software. You can simply program all of the macros into the keyboard or mouse and save them to the device and unplug and go. This feature has been seen before on other devices, but once again… those devices lacked certain functionalities that the M90 and K90 do have, namely macro buttons and mechanical switches.
When it comes to value, we like to consider multiple aspects of the product that can provide an extra value beyond simply having the product in hand. Even though Corsair doesn't really go above and beyond with accessories, they don't really under do it either. We believe that Corsair includes the right amount of accessories for their products and keeps packaging to a minimum.
In addition to that, they went with a two year warranty on all of their products. For those unfamiliar with the standard in the industry, it is generally only one one year, which we've always found a bit ridiculous, so we're happy to see Corsair going the extra mile and offering two years instead of one year. Admittedly, companies like Razer are also offering 2 year warranties now, which is good, but others like Logitech and Steelseries are still only offering one year. In addition to that, the software really gives these keyboards and mice so much versatility that it adds value to the product without having to pay anything extra.
In terms of pricing and competition, the K90 goes for $129.99 on Amazon.com, while the K60 goes for $97.24. The M90 goes for $70 and M60 for $54. When you take these prices into consideration, you will notice that their K90 is pretty evenly priced when compared to other backlit mechanical keyboards, although many of them don't have the same design, software, or macro buttons. The K60's price may be a bit high considering the lack of macro buttons or backlighting, but considering the quality of materials and the fact that it is still a mechanical keyboard it seems somewhat fairly priced. Looking at both the M90 and M60, they are both very well priced compared to the competition. The M90 is pretty competitively priced against most of its macro enabled competitors like the Razer Naga, except the design and build quality are much better. The M90 is actually cheaper than the Naga and has an aluminum frame and much more ergonomically placed macro buttons. The same goes for the M60, which is pretty competitively priced against the competition not even taking into consideration the M60's build quality and materials as well as software customization possibilities.
We've got to be pretty honest with you, we haven't been this excited about a gaming keyboard and mouse lineup for quite some time. We were afraid that we would be disappointed considering all of our expectations, but Corsair not only delivered but actually surpassed our expectations.
The build quality, design, and performance of the Corsair Vengeance Gaming line of keyboards and mice is quite literally unparalleled by anyone in the industry. When you take into account the fact that Corsair has built these beautiful keyboards and mice with all of the newest technologies and design, there is no doubt that they have hit the nail on the head. We did have some recommendations for future versions, but the majority of them are personal preferences or very slight nitpicks here and there. When you combine the infallible design of the software and hardware with a strong 2 year warranty, Corsair's Vengeance Gaming keyboards and mice are quite simply the best in the world, ever. We officially (and happily) retire our G15 keyboards and G500 mouse for them and slap the entire Corsair Vengeance Gaming line of keyboards and mice with our Editor's Choice award for simply being awesome in every way possible.
Original Author: Anshel Sag
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text: Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums :: View topic - about docter Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in about docter Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Culture View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message carrieJoined: 02 Dec 2003Posts: 1 Posted: Tue Dec 02, 2003 12:43 am Post subject: about docter Hello, every one. It's my first time to come here. I am chinese. I was a surgeon two years before. But now I am a student in nephropology department(for my docter degree). In our country, it's very busy for a docter. We must do both clinical works and research works, we only sleep 6 hours per day, no weekend, just work,work,work. Unfortunatly, we get little money and low society status. Many docter had left hospital to get more money. 10 years ago, many docters thought our condition would be better. But now, more and more docters have to discard their jobs and fewer students want to study in a medical school. This year, there is a disaster called SARS prevailing in china, many docters died for saving patients. Many people think docter is great, but more people talked to their children, don't be a docter. I want to know how about docter in your country. Back to top pugachevVJoined: 16 Jan 2003Posts: 2295 Posted: Wed Dec 03, 2003 2:43 pm Post subject: doctors Doctors in Canada enjoy a very high standard of living and are very well regarded by society. Most of the doctors I know work at a comfortable pace, 5 days a week, but there are those who work fewer days and those who work more. Canada has a shortage of doctors and is trying to make it easier for foreign trained doctors to become accredited there. You should look into it! Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Culture All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Student Forums----------------ComputersCurrent NewsCultureEnglish SchoolsFamilyFilm and CinemaFoodHealth and FitnessHelp CenterHobbiesHolidaysLearning EnglishLiteratureMaking FriendsMusicOpinionsPetsScienceSportsThe Strange and MysteriousTOEFL and Other English ExamsTravel You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Dave's ESL Cafe is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Banner Advertising | Bookstore / Alta Books | FAQs | Articles | Interview with Dave Copyright © 2018 Dave's ESL Cafe | All Rights Reserved | Contact Dave's ESL Cafe | Site Map Teachers College, Columbia University: Train to Teach English Here or Abroad Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group


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Torrington officials host 'Community Conversation' to bring public in to talks about bullying and sexual assault
TORRINGTON>> Torrington city, school and law enforcement officials spoke at a panel discussion meant to address cyber-bullying and sexual assault, Tuesday evening at Torrington High School's Little Theater.
Dubbed a, "Community Conversation," 10 speakers presented topics such sexual assault, development of the teen mind and Connecticut's anti-bullying legislation to a crowd of approximately 100.
Executive director of the Susan B. Anthony Project Barbara Spiegel called such conversations ways to "make our community a safer and a better place."
The discussion was prompted by a March 20 report by The Register Citizen, which detailed Twitter harassment of two 13-year-old girls, after two players on the Torrington High School football teams were accused of rape. Following the arrests of Edgar Gonzalez, 18, 330 Highland Ave., and Joan Toribio also 18 of the same address but a different apartment for allegedly assaulting the girls, peers criticized the girls on Twitter, calling them, "whore" and "snitch."
Although the national media coverage of rape allegations and cyber-bullying prompted the panel discussion, the allegations themselves were never mentioned.
One panelist, editor of Waterbury's Republican-American Jonathan Kellogg, pointed out the omission, calling it "the case we all know about but are all kind of talking around."
Torrington Board of Education chair, Kenneth Traub, called the event a "taster." Each panelist spoke for between five and 10 minutes, giving a broad overview of their area of specialty.
For example, Torrington Police Detective Mike Emanuel and Kevin Tieman discussed statutory definitions of sexual assault, focusing on age differences as it relates to the charge of second degree sexual assault.
Traub said he's hoping more panels will manifest in later summer and early winter. Nevertheless, he called turnout for the event, which included off-season members of the Torrington High School football team, "a little disappointing."
"We would have liked to see a much better turnout," said Traub. "Unfortunately, like a lot of things, we can't control the weather," he said, referring to a tornado warning issued for Litchfield County that evening.
Traub said he believed students were, "inundated by Susan B. Anthony to discuss this topic in the past few months." He said, "I don't know if they wanted to hear it again."
Panelists did not take questions directly from the audience. Instead, following a presentation by each panelist, audience members could attend one of several "break out groups," with a panelist. Audience members could also write questions on index cards. Mayor Ryan Bingham said the questions would be moderated and answered online.
Traub said he's hoping more of the panels will manifest from questions on index cards.
Panelists included Judge Charles Gill, Torrington Police Department Detectives Michael Emanuel and Kevin Tieman, Connecticut Commission on Human Rights attorney Michelle Dumas Keuler, Susan B. Anthony educator Colleen Sullivan and Charlotte Hungerford Hospital Behavioral Health Coordinator Kim Monahan.
Reach Jessica Glenza at 860-489-3121 ext. 324.