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Machine Learning Lunch
Had the opportunity to give a talk on Machine Learning on 6/28/2017. For quick and dirty here is a link to the slides. I'll try to post more of the material directly here soon.
ML Lunch note that if you hit the little package symbol on the upper right it will display as a slide show.
It is also available on Github for download note that some links are on my machine so they won't work or show up, they have and use some files I cannot release (sorry)
A few Hint's For Google Cloud DataLab
At long last something worth blogging about. Note: that I have not (yet) created a Jupyter notebook to reflect all this, what I have has too much proprietary data and is currently a bad mess of code from all my experimentation.
With some trepidation I decided to see what I could get going with the fairly new Google Cloud DataLab.
In short it looks quite promising. What follows are a few notes where I found the documentation a bit tricky. So I hope this might help a few who are trying out the product.
Getting started: 1st thing is that you must use the Google cloud console to create a project and enable the API (Google Compute Engine and Google BigQuery APIs must be enabled for the project, Before using the Cloud DataLab deployment tool) which is accessed, https://datalab.cloud.google.com/ The cloud datalab deployment tool will only display active pre-existing projects that you have set up using the Google cloud console. This page has some clickable links for setting up a project and enabling the API"s https://cloud.google.com/datalab/getting-started/ The Google Cloud console is accessed here https://console.cloud.google.com/home/dashboard/ On the upper right there is a "select a project" dropdown, the "create a project" entry is on that menu. So do that if you did not use the getting-started link, and enable the api's mentioned above.
Once you have completed the deployment wizard you should have a notebook "tree view" open in your browser. It has a number of Notebook tutorials embedded. The tutorials are the primary documentation at this time, so pay attention!
So after presumably running through the tutorials you might like to do some work of your own? 1st, understand that the Git repo that gets installed with your project is the ONLY one you get, you cannot switch or use one of your own (as far as I can tell). This is not too bad, you just have to add your notebooks by uploading them using the upload icon on the tree view.. You can then commit the uploaded file using the git interface provided on the upper right of the tree view… Very important: be sure to commit any changes that you want to persist…. The notebook server may crash and you may want to start and stop it (which is another issue) only committed notebooks will be available on the next start.
Note that you can find out what packages and versions are installed by executing !pip list in a cell. You can generally install and upgrade packages using !pip commands These installs or upgrades DO NOT persist But they run very quickly (Google bandwidth ftw) so just put what you need in the 1st cell and execute it on starting a notebook.
Note that starting and stopping specific notebooks is controlled by the "sessions" item on the top of the tree view (this is different from the current Jupyter implementation)
So we have covered getting a notebook uploaded.. (you may want to read more on cloning the repo containing the notebooks to your local machine, which is doable)
But, next item is maybe you want to actually analyze some of your own data. So time to learn about files! Google has its own take here so it is a departure from what you are used to on your local machine and is probably the biggest change to your code (should not be too bad though once you "get" it.)
Google DataLab supports two methods for file/data access. 1) Google Big Query (GBQ) and 2) Google Cloud Storage (GCS) From Google: "Those are the only two storage options currently supported in Datalab (which should not be used in any event for large scale data transfers; these are for small scale transfers that can fit in memory in the Datalab VM)." see On StackOverflow
In short, that answer did not quite do it for me… The answer is to use the Google cloud storage console to upload the datasets you want to access in your project,, but where and how? Following this On Google's repo tutorial I created a "bucket" in GCS by
import gcp
project = gcp.Context.default().project_id
sample_bucket_name = project + '-datalab-samples'
sample_bucket_path = 'gs://' + sample_bucket_name
sample_bucket_object = sample_bucket_path + '/Hello.txt'
print 'Bucket: ' + sample_bucket_path
print 'Object: ' + sample_bucket_object
*** Note that %% commands must be in separate cells A single % should allow the command to be in the same cell as other Python code
%%storage write --variable text --object $sample_bucket_object
Once I did this I went to the Storage console (with the project name) You can click on The storage section it in the main console https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser I found that a new bucket existed tomdlabb-datalab-samples And under that was the "Hello.txt" file. So now I knew where to load my own data!
Using the Cloud Storage browser there is a Upload button, I loaded up Two csv files One 2,000,000 records.. Just to see… Next issue how to read it in and use it in pandas…
After much messing around! It seems that doing this allowed me to get data from my csv into a Pandas DataFrame..
sample_bucket_object = sample_bucket_path + '/icd_to_ccs.csv'
****In a separate cell
%%storage read --object $sample_bucket_object --variable text
*** and again in a separate cell (the big deal here is that you need to use the BytesIO module to read the buffer)
df_icd_to_css = pd.read_csv(BytesIO(text))
Because I was reading at least one very large file I decided to get rid of the "extra" copy (not real sure how much this helps..) import gc
# Remove text variable
del text
# Force gc collection - this not actually necessary, but may be useful.
So then you have all the normal Pandas stuff going:
Other notes:
I wanted to use pandas-profiling but could not get it to install (apparently since it was self designated as alpha) so I had to use !pip install --pre pandas-profiling
It fails and crashes the kernel I'm assuming due to the 2,000,000 records,, I have seen in passing that I can start the notebook in a larger VM so I think that is a next step..
Another useful note on data read writing is here: On StackOverflow
Note that all my efforts were to just get simple flat csv files into the system and into Pandas DataFrames another thing to explore particularly for the big data sets is using Big Query which looks quite straightforward but since my end goal is building Machine Learning models with Scikit Learn, which generally requires having all data in Memory, I have not yet explored Big Query. I'm more interested in getting bigger VM's for the time being… But I expect to need to explore out of core solutions as well..
Update how to reboot the kernel when the main one dies… see On StackOverflow
Found it here: https://cloud.google.com/datalab/getting-started The very bottom of that page also has instructins for customizing your machine resources, which I have yet to try, but will need to for larger datasets.
FWIW These commands can be used in the new command line shell on the Cloud console page.see https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/ .. Without the sdk on your machine.. You need to modify the commands slightly since you will be logged into your project already,
Stopping/starting VM instances
You may want to stop a Cloud Datalab managed VM instance to avoid incurring ongoing charges. To stop a Cloud Datalab managed machine instance, go to a command prompt, and run:
$ gcloud auth login
$ gcloud config set project <YOUR PROJECT ID>
$ gcloud preview app versions stop main
After confirming that you want to continue, wait for the command to complete, and make sure that the output indicates that the version has stopped. If you used a non-default instance name when deploying, please use that name instead of "main" in the stop command, above (and in the start command, below). For restarting a stopped instance, run:
$ gcloud auth login
$ gcloud config set project <YOUR PROJECT ID>
$ gcloud preview app versions start main
Python for Finance-review
Python for Finance
375 pages
Author: Yuxing Yan
April 2014
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
35 Livery Place
Birmingham, B3 2PB, UK
I received a copy of the e-book for review from the publisher.
This book is aimed at Finance professionals and/or students with an interest in options trading and portfolio composition and evaluation.
- Ch1 Introduction and Installation of Python
- Ch2 Using Python as an Ordinary Calculator
- Ch3 Using Python as a Financial Calculator
- Ch4 13 Lines of Python to Price a Call Option
- Ch5 Introduction to Modules
- Ch6 Introduction to Numpy Scipy
- Ch7 Visual Finance via Matplotlib
- Ch8 Statistical Analysis of Time Series
- Ch9 The Black-Scholes-Merton Option Model
- Ch10 Python Loops and Implied Volatility
- Ch11 Monte Carlo Simulation and Options
- Ch12 Volatility Measures and GARCH
The book takes a somewhat unique approach in interweaving Python concepts on an as needed basis with the introduction of progressively more advanced mathematics specific to the Finance field, primarily Options oriented.
I found the approach quite useful. In addition the book includes examples of retrieving financial data from a number of sources. specific code for retrieving data from Yahoo, Google, Federal Reserve and Prof French library is provided.
The introduction to NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib (graphing library) are quite well done with well chosen examples.
The book is a strong addition to the growing body of work for finance professionals who want to learn Python.
The book falls short in some of its more lofty goals including exploring Statsmodels and Pandas. And it has almost no mention of IPython notebook, which has rapidly become the default environment for many in the Finance field. Critically in my opinion, the book lacks a good explanation of the differences between floating point and integer arithmetic with its critical implications for Finance professionals.
To some degree this is to be expected since each of those topic areas is in fact subject to books of their own. That is, they are very large libraries and have numerous features that can and do interact with each other.
While the book does cover Pandas it's usage examples are somewhat limited. The text does not point out how Pandas is built on top of Numpy/Scipy. It does not cover the use of resample to change frequency or offset to offset frequencies. Nor does it cover in much depth the extensive IO libraries built into Pandas, which provide cleaner access to many external data sources like Yahoo, Google the Federal Reserve as well as SQL databases. The coverage is limited to a subset of the CSV IO and some use of the Pickle module. Further there is no mention of the Pandas Dataframe Plotting capabilities.
Statsmodels, like Pandas is a newer Python library with rapidly expanding capabilities. Basic capabilities are nicely explained but more advanced capabilities are not. I was hoping to see some usage examples of some of the more advanced capabilities with explanations, but I admit that that is due to my own current frustration with figuring out some of those things myself.
Advanced Financial concepts such as, Time Series with Efficient frontier, Monte carlo simulation for options and GARCH are each well covered with good examples.
While some of the above sounds somewhat critical, I enjoyed the book and will keep it for quick reference, particularly for the Options valuation material. For those new to Python with a Finance interest, I would recommend the book highly, but I would augment it with additional Python material. The book is an excellent introduction and can provide a solid foundation for exploring the more advanced facilities of the various Python Financially oriented modules.
Statistics and Data Mining with Open Source Tools
This was presented to two statistics and data mining classes at the University of Alabama on March 14, 2013. The purpose was to provide a high level overview of the open source tools and community with an emphasis on the Python world. As I went through preparing, I was impressed with how much activity there is and how it is accelerating. Those who already participate in the Python community will know many if not most of these resources, for new people, there will be some useful links. Again, those who know Python will recognize how much I left out, but this is just the intro! So I don't want to overwhelm anyone.
Python For Data Analysis-Book Review
Python For Data Analysis. Author: Wes McKinney, Publisher: O'Reilly Media, Inc, Sebastopol, CA 95472 isbn: 978-1-449-31979-3 copyright 2013, 472 pages, cover price: $39.99
No matter what your skill level, you need this book.
Once you get the basics of the Python language down you need to lift your skills to the next level to do useful work. For me, I wanted to put up a few web sites so that encouraged me to learn about Django, a web framework written in Python. This leap left me with some major gaps in my conceptual understanding of many Python idioms, which with time I guess I'll fill in.
Another area where I spend time is doing various forms of Data Analysis. The Python tools and skills needed for this work are quite different from building web sites. I was very interested when I first saw the Pandas data analysis library which recommended the use of I-Python, another tool that I had not really begun to explore.
In short, the Pandas library and I-Python tool set make for a very powerful data manipulation and analysis toolset. There is a fascinating confluence of activity in the Python world with packages such as Numpy, scipy and I-Python and now Pandas, stats models, scikit learn and Numba increasingly supporting the Scientific and Data analysis communities. While a lot of the tools emphasize Matrix (array) operations, which initially put me off, Pandas makes it way more approachable since it more closely resembles spreadsheet structures which in fact resemble matrices once you wrap your head around the concepts.
Another major data manipulation capability introduced by Pandas, as explained in the text, is a set of SQL- like operators for Array operations enabling joining, summarizing and other SQL like operations on in-memory datasets.
I bought an early access copy of Python for Data Analysis and I have since kept it up to date which is a great feature of O'Reilly early access publications.
The book covers basic prerequisite information on the following:
- Python
- NumPy
- Pandas
- matplotlib
- Ipython
- SciPy
The book is excellent taking one through the conceptual issues through to the execution of sophisticated analysis of data sets from a variety of sources. The problems are well documented and the code can be executed with available data (something I have yet to do). Examples include: Getting and using data from:
- usa.gov
- usda
- Federal Election Commission
- Yahoo finance
Throughout the book examples and code are presented with thorough explanations, way beyond simple code commentary in a teacher-like style. Due to the nature of the code being explained there was for me a constant set of aha moments as I began to understand not just the syntax of the code but why the code should be used to achieve the desired result, and also how to use some of the less obvious Python and Pandas language elements to better effect, in short helping me to be a more fluent coder.
Wes is truly a polymath, who understands analysis, advanced math and statistics as well as being an awesome coder of the Pandas package itself, and, to boot, he can write clearly in a way to be understood by mere mortals attempting to get up to speed on the tools and concepts embraced and enabled by the tools he has built and assembled. I also find the appendix summary of the Python language to be compact and useful in its own right.
Can't recommend the book highly enough.
The Signal And the Noise-Book Review
The Signal And The Noise, By Nate Silver, The Penguin Press, New York, copyright 2012 isbn 978-1-59420-411-1, 534 pages, Cover price: $27.95
I'm no math whiz but I love analysis. This book has little math but much useful insight on how to view and analyze data and information.
Nate Silver became famous for his predictions about the most recent presidential election in his 538 blog and columns for the New York Times.
The book is highly readable and one almost does not realize that they are in the hands of a master teacher. You just learn a ton of useful ways to think about analytical problems.
People looking for a more detailed explanation of how Nate built his election models will be disappointed. Conversely, if statistics, formulas, and detailed mathematical explanations scare or bore you , have no fear, those items are not present.
This places the book in a somewhat awkward spot, not tech and yet analytical. Once you "get it", it becomes quite enjoyable.. As I told my wife, as I got to the the 8th chapter, I was getting to the "good part" where Nate goes into what is perhaps the most technical part of the book with an explanation of Bayesian statistics and the difference from conventional frequentist statistics that most of us have learned in school.
While, in truth, I was hoping for a "bit more" of math, and or computer code, to help me learn how to apply the techniques which are so well explored in the book, I was very satisfied with what I got. My frustration is due to my desire to translate theory and examples into code and personal utility on various projects I'm working on. So, in short, a personal issue.
What is very well done is to explore a wider variety of "problem spaces" such as baseball prediction, political prediction, the financial meltdown, Texas Holdem betting strategy, predicting terrorist activity, climate change and picking correct data vs noisy or biased data, and how to tell the difference. The examples are explained in sufficient detail so you learn a great deal about how to approach similar problems and how to evaluate similar data and conclusions. You will certainly view your investment process in a different and more informed manner.
I strongly recommend this book for anyone interested in day to day evaluation of life choices,which should be everyone. The book would also be a good college text for learning about "statistical thinking".
Bad Reasons to Stay With Exchange Mail
Dave Girouard, the former head of Google's' Apps business, says it very well in this piece on the GIGAOM site, which I strongly recommend reading.
Insane excuses for not moving to the cloud.
- Insanity #1: These big outages mean we should keep things in house
- Insanity #2: I need somebody to talk to when a service interruption occurs
- Insanity #3; Cloud is OK for non-critical applications with non-sensitive data
See the full article Here.
And this followup post about legal risk makes good points as well Here.
And even more from Google on how they handle legal request/warrants Here.
I would also add that I see many people just staying put because the default decision to do nothing seems so appealing. After all who wants to leave Outlook for something new that they have to learn, just remember back on how difficult it was to learn Outlook in the first place. Not to mention the confusion and trauma that a new release presents to the end users.
The Google product has been hugely successful due to its ease of use and continuous non traumatic update cycle, and cost savings are simply a bonus. In addition the Google products are built from the ground up to be completely Mobile friendly. It is amazing how many individuals choose to use Gmail for personal use and feel they step back in time every-time they have to use company provided exchange mail.
In short not moving is simply falling further behind and spending more than is needed for the comfort of not learning a bit of new technology.
Google Apps Continue to Gain
Google's' latest Quarterly report included the following on Google apps acceptance.
"Our enterprise business continued to grow at an impressive pace, gaining traction among some of the largest companies in the world. New customers include Nintendo, the Canadian Broadcast Company, Shaw Industries, POSCO, Randstad and Hyundai, to name a few. And after signing in May, the U.S. Department of the Interior moved more than 70,000 employees to the cloud during Q4 making it the largest federal agency to date using Google Apps."
Google Apps Showcase
Non profits! It is free, see here http://www.google.com/nonprofits/ I'll be happy to consult with you on how to implement.By: Tom Brander Google +:http://profiles.google.com/tombrander
Google Apps Introduction
Here is a brief introduction to Google Apps for business.By: Tom Brander


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R. Kelly's accusers are reportedly worried the disgraced singer may be planning to flee the country amid his ongoing criminal investigation.
According to The Blast, "there is a rumor circulating that the singer is preparing to leave the United States." A source told the gossip site that Africa has been mentioned as one of the places he may seek solace. The families of the women in his alleged sex cult are reportedly worried if the girls travel out of the country with Kelly they may never see them again. So, they're hoping the 50-year-old singer is charged with a crime so his passport is taken away and he isn't allowed to leave with the girls.
As previously reported, Kelly is being criminally investigated in Georgia because of the recently released documentary series Surviving R. Kelly, which sent shockwaves throughout audiences with its gripping and harrowing recounts of Kelly's alleged sexual abuse — told by seven alleged survivors — over the last 20-plus years.
Fulton County District Attorney's Office reportedly opened an investigation into the allegations made against the singer in the three-part docu-series shortly after the first episode aired on Lifetime Thursday (January 3). The office was also reportedly flooded with calls from people with their own stories, which is said to have encouraged them to begin their investigation.
A second criminal investigation in connection to Kelly's alleged sexual abuse could also be opening in Kelly's hometown of Chicago. On Tuesday (January 8), the Cook County State Attorney held a press conference asking anyone who was a victim or has information about a victim to come forward.
Photo: Getty Images

subset: commoncrawl


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On Tumblr, The New York Times Opens Its Photo Archive
The New York Times has added a whimsical new tentacle to its digital and social reach with a Tumblr blog dedicated to photographs from the Gray Lady's storied past.
The Lively Morgue, as the new Tumblr is called, launched Monday with a black and white photo of news images being sorted in the paper's physical photo "morgue," where millions of pictures are stored in filing cabinets and manila folders.
A post to the Times' on-site Lens photo blog introducing The Lively Morgue said the project was "many months" in the making. Which archival images will cross the border from physical photo morgue to online immortality?
"There is little rhyme or reason to our selection, other than the obvious: We've chosen images that delight us," reads the introductory post on Lens.
Images added so far include a close-up of Yankees catcher Yogi Berra's gnarled hands, shot in 1965 (see thumbnail); a policeman, nightstick in hand, watching his beat after a recent nearby double homicide in 1959; and a pair of Philadelphia police officers proudly showing off a captured liquor-smuggling mannequin in Prohibition-era 1930.
The Lively Morgue also features an option to buy prints for $169, as well as another very cool twist: images of the marked-up reverse side of each physical photo. The reverse sides of the photos are home to a photo-nerd bonanza of information, including how much freelancers were paid for shots, published captions and photos' sequence numbers.
But don't think you'll be able to see anywhere close to the majority of the Times' collection of old photos. According to the introductory post on Lens, the paper could publish 10 archival images each day and still possibly have more to spare by the year 3935.
The Times launched its first Tumblr blog, which covers the paper's style and culture focused T Magazine, last April.
Will you follow The Lively Morgue on Tumblr? Let us know in the comments.
Image courtesy of The Lively Morgue


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[A]ll major financial crises have been associated with some financial innovation or another.Really? How about, for example, the Asian financial crisis? That principally involved old-fashioned foreign exchange markets. Or how about the S&L crisis? Nope, the main culprits there were residential and commercial mortgages. The Japanese financial crisis of the 1990s? That involved nonperforming mortgages and commercial loans that soured after the massive real estate and equity bubble burst—and there was definitely nothing "innovative" about Japan's financial sector, that's for sure. The LDC debt crisis? No again—that involved syndicated sovereign debt, which is a centuries-old practice. The only recent financial crises (other than the current one) that were seriously associated with financial innovation were the 1987 stock market crash ("Black Monday") and the Long-Term Capital Management crisis. Black Monday was in no small part caused by portfolio insurance, while LTCM used pretty much every new derivative it could get its hands on in its doomed "arbitrage" strategy. However, it's worth noting that Black Monday and the LTCM crisis were also two of the least damaging financial crises in the post-Depression era. In the grand scheme of things, financial innovation has largely been a sideshow in modern financial crises. The real lesson of modern financial crises is that the most severe crises are those that are caused by the bursting of a housing bubble. See e.g., Reinhart and Rogoff (2008):
15 comments:
- Anon2 said...
Wait a minute here!
About one thing I am sure: The S&L crisis might not have taken place without the innovation of money market mutual funds.
About some others I'm less sure:
Could the LDC debt crisis have taken place without the growth of sovereign wealth funds?
Could the Asian crisis have taken place without financial liberalization?
Would the Japanese crisis have been easier to manage if corporate debt markets for good credits had not developed?
Certainly Fox's claim is over the top. But history is rarely simple -- and every innovation has both costs and benefits.
- July 21, 2009 at 4:41 PM
- Anonymous said...
although not perhaps a "new" innovation, the choice of rolling back glass steagal did allow for a shift towards ever larger entities (2 big 2 fail) and a blurring of risks internally and externally.
- July 21, 2009 at 7:48 PM
- Donald Pretari said...
The S & L Crisis involved the following:
"The above accounts for about $50 Billion of the S&L bill. But anyone who says that the S&L crisis was due solely to economic factors is trying to hide something. The S&L crisis was caused by economic factors but was greatly exacerbated by five specific policy decisions:
* Lending requirements were loosened as described above.
* Deposit Insurance was raised from $40,000 to $100,000.
* Enforcement of the law by banking regulators was decreased.
* Politicians actively interfered in investigations of failing thrifts on behalf of specific S&L owners .
* Implementation of the solution was delayed until the industry itself couldn't possibly pay for it and taxpayers were stuck with the bill."
I don't know that these were innovations, but they were changes. Here's a description of a 401 ( k):
"In 1978, Congress amended the Internal Revenue Code by adding section 401(k), whereby employees are not taxed on income they choose to receive as deferred compensation rather than direct compensation.[2] The law went into effect on January 1, 1980,[2] and by 1983 almost half of large firms were either offering a 401(k) plan or considering doing so.[2] By 1984 there were 17,303 companies offering 401(k) plans.[2] Also in 1984, Congress passed legislation requiring nondiscrimination testing, to make sure that the plans did not discriminate in favor of highly paid employees more than a certain allowable amount.[2] In 1998, Congress passed legislation that allowed employers to have all employees contribute a certain amount into a 401(k) plan unless the employee expressly elects not to contribute.[2] By 2003, there were 438,000 companies with 401(k) plans.[2]
Is this an innovation?:
"Most Important Innovation
Did you figure out what the most important financial innovation for consumers is yet? No, it isn't credit cards.
It is the 401(k), created in 1980. Some stats: In 1983, 62 percent of workers relied on a defined- benefit plan; by 2007, only 17 percent did, while 63 percent only had a 401(k) or similar defined-contribution plan. Assets in 401(k)s had jumped from $92 billion in 1984 to $3 trillion.
Notice how we normally talk about innovation in other markets doesn't really apply here, nor does it help us understand what is going on. It's the creation of a loophole in a tax bill; is the guy who saw this loophole for what it was like Thomas Edison discovering the light bulb? We can change it entirely with another tax bill. Is it an innovation over the pension? It isn't obviously better than a pension (defined-benefit plan), like the Playstation 2 is obviously better than the Playstation 1."
Mike Konczal seems to say so. So does Felix Salmon:
"Mike Konczal (he's come out now) says, plausibly enough, that the most important financial innovation of the past 30 years is the 401(k). Which is not to say, of course, that it's a good thing."
I'm not competent to define what a Financial Innovation is, but I'm competent enough to have it explained to me, if someone would do so. As the Wikipedia explains the history of the 401 ( k), I don't see it as an innovation. It seems like some policy changes, just like in the S & L Crisis.
Are CDSs and CDOs innovations? You tell me. You're an expert. Or were they used because of capital requirements? Are subprime mortgages new? Or were they just rare and used in safer circumstances before?
It does seem that changes in laws are important in creating incentives and disincentives that help create financial crises. Am I wrong about that?
Don the libertarian Democrat
- July 21, 2009 at 11:49 PM
- Unknown said...
The emergence of hedge funds as an international financial force was a huge player in the Asian crisis. Pooled international investment vehicles count as an "innovation", and lets face it the forex markets were not really all hugely traded until the 80's.
The S&L crisis could be considered to be the result of "innovation" as as well, if you consider innovation to be regulatory arbitrage that it is.
A bold statement by Fox, but you are really minimizing the "innovations" with your post.
- July 22, 2009 at 9:48 PM
- Brian Dell said...
The common cause of financial crises, going all the way back to the South Sea Bubble of 1720, is an obscured price mechanism. When it is not clear what something is worth, it can be overbought or oversold.
Financial innovations are related to this because they increase the complexity of the valuation process. Had the banks kept the subprime loans on their books in full, they would have monitored those accounts. But they had no incentive to care after they spun out the risk. Splicing and dicing into tranches etc may have spread out the risk but that reduced the monitoring and made the pricing an abstract, over-modeled process that was increasingly divorced from the reality on the ground.
- July 23, 2009 at 2:27 AM
- Anonymous said...
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Frequent Links
Passer rating
Passer rating (also known as quarterback rating, QB rating, or passing efficiency in college football) is a measure of the performance of passers, primarily quarterbacks, in American football and Canadian football.[1] There are two formulae currently in use: one used by both the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL), and the other used in NCAA football. Passer rating is calculated using a player's passing attempts, completions, yards, touchdowns, and interceptions. Since 1973, passer rating has been the official formula used by the NFL to determine its passing leader.[2]
Passer rating in the NFL is on a scale from 0 to 158.3. Passing efficiency in college football is on a scale from -731.6 to 1261.6.
Before the development of the passer rating, the NFL struggled with how to crown a passing leader. In the mid-1930s, it was the quarterback with the most passing yardage. From 1938 to 1940, it was the quarterback with the highest completion percentage. In 1941, a system was created that ranked the league's quarterbacks relative to their peers' performance. Over the next thirty years the criteria used to crown a passing leader changed several times, but the ranking system made it impossible to determine a quarterback's rank until all the other quarterbacks were done playing that week, or to compare quarterback performances across multiple seasons. In 1971, NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle asked the league's statistical committee to develop a better system.[3] The committee was headed by Don Smith of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, Seymour Siwoff of the Elias Sports Bureau, and NFL executive Don Weiss. Smith and Siwoff established passing performance standards based on data from all qualified pro football passers between 1960 and 1970, and used that data to create the passer rating. The formula was adopted by the NFL in 1973.[2]
NFL formula
The NFL passer rating formula includes four variables: completion percentage, yards per attempt, touchdowns per attempt, and interceptions per attempt. Each of those variables is scaled to a value between 0 and 2.375, with 1.0 being statistically average (based on league data between 1960-1970). When the formula was first created, a 66.7 rating indicated an average performance, and a 100+ rating indicated an excellent performance.[3] However, passing performance has improved steadily since then and in 2008 the league average rating was 83.2.[4] A perfect passer rating (158.3) requires at least a 77.5% completion rate, 12.5+ yards per attempt, a touchdown on at least 11.875% of attempts, and no interceptions.[1]
The four separate calculations can be expressed in the following equations:
<math>a = \left ({\text{COMP} \over \text{ATT}} - .3 \right ) \times 5</math>
<math>b = \left ({\text{YDS} \over \text{ATT}} - 3 \right ) \times .25</math>
<math>c = \left ({\text{TD} \over \text{ATT}} \right ) \times 20</math>
<math>d = 2.375 - \left ({\text{INT} \over \text{ATT}} \times 25 \right )</math>
- ATT = Number of passing attempts
- COMP = Number of completions
- YDS = Passing yards
- TD = Touchdown passes
- INT = Interceptions
Then, the above calculations are used to complete the passer rating:
<math>\text{Passer Rating} = \left ({a + b + c + d \over 6} \right ) \times 100</math>
Note: The result of each of the four components a through d is capped at 2.375, and components that result in a negative number are made to be zero.
NCAA formula
The NCAA passing efficiency formula is similar to that of the NFL passer rating, but does not impose limits on the four components:[5]
<math>\text{Passer Rating}_{\text{NCAA}} = {(8.4 \times \text{YDS}) + (330 \times \text{TD}) + (100 \times \text{COMP}) - (200 \times \text{INT}) \over \text{ATT}}</math>
- ATT = Number of passing attempts
- COMP = Number of completions
- YDS = Passing yards
- TD = Touchdown passes
- INT = Interceptions
The NCAA passer rating has an upper limit of 1,261.6 (every attempt is a 99-yard completion for touchdown), and a lower limit of -731.6 (every attempt is completed, but results in a 99-yard loss). A passer who throws only interceptions will have a -200 rating, as would a passer who only throws completed passes losing an average of 35.714 yards.
In 2011, Sports Illustrated published an article by Kerry Byrne of Cold Hard Football Facts highlighting the importance of passer rating in determining a team's success.[6] "Put most simply," the article states, "you cannot be a smart football analyst and dismiss passer rating. In fact, it's impossible to look at the incredible correlation of victory to passer rating and then dismiss it. You might as well dismiss the score of a game when determining a winner. [...] Few, if any, are more indicative of wins and losses than passer rating. Teams that posted a higher passer rating went 203-53 (.793) in 2010 and an incredible 151-29 (.839) after Week 5." Byrne made an expanded defense of the passer rating and its importance for the Pro Football Researchers Association in 2012.[7] The study noted that of the eight teams since 1940 to lead the league in both offensive passer rating and defensive passer rating, all won championships.[8]
The NFL on its website states: "Passer rating is used to evaluate passers, not quarterbacks."[1] The formula does not include rushing statistics, sacks, or fumbles, nor does it put added weight on performance during crucial situations such as third downs or fourth quarter scoring drives. Passer rating also cannot account for the quality of wide receivers or pass protection from the offensive line.
To account for the fact that the NFL's passer rating formula does not factor in sacks, Pro-Football-Reference.com introduced Adjusted Net Yards Per Attempt (ANY/A). Pro-Football-Reference.com says that the formula [(pass yards + 20*(pass TD) - 45*(interceptions thrown) - sack yards)/(passing attempts + sacks)] provides a better estimate of a quarterback's contributions.[9] Still, this number does not include rushing or fumbles.
In 2011, ESPN, Inc. introduced a proprietary statistic called the Total Quarterback Rating (QBR) which it claims more accurately measures a quarterback's contributions to team wins.[10] However, QBR has also been met with criticism amongst analysts and fans.[11][12]
- Highest passer rating, career (minimum 1,500 attempts): 105.2, Aaron Rodgers, 2005–2013[13]
- Highest passer rating, season (minimum 100 attempts): 122.5, Aaron Rodgers, 2011[14]
- Highest passer rating, rookie, season: 102.4, Robert Griffin III, 2012[15]
- Most times leading league in passer rating, career: 6, Steve Young, 1991–1994, 1997-1998, Sammy Baugh, 1937, 1940, 1943, 1945, 1947, 1949 [16]
- Most consecutive seasons leading league in passer rating, career: 4, Steve Young, 1991–1994 [16]
Wide receiver Antwaan Randle El, with a passer rating of 157.5 from 21 completed passes of a possible 26, has the highest career rating of any non-QB with more than twenty attempts.[17] Peyton Manning holds the record for the most games with a perfect passer rating (4). As of 2012, 61 NFL quarterbacks have completed a game with a perfect passer rating of 158.3, and seven have done so multiple times. Phil Simms holds the record for the highest passer rating in a Super Bowl, at 150.92 in Super Bowl XXI. Ben Roethlisberger holds the record for the lowest passer rating to win a Super Bowl, at 22.6 in Super Bowl XL.
- Highest passing efficiency, career (minimum 325 completions): 175.6, Sam Bradford, Oklahoma, 2007–2009 [18]
- Highest passing efficiency, season (minimum 15 attempts per game): 191.8, Russell Wilson, Wisconsin, 2011[19]
See also
- List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a perfect passer rating
- List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a passer rating of zero
- NFL career passer rating leaders
- Total Quarterback Rating
- ^ a b c "NFL.com - NFL Quarterback Rating Formula". Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ a b http://www.profootballhof.com/history/release.aspx?release_id=1303
- ^ a b QB Rating story / GQ magazine / by Don Steinberg
- ^ http://bleacherreport.com/articles/222790-did-nfl-passer-ratings-spike-in-2004-or-standardly-evolve
- ^ "NCAA and NFL Passing Efficiency computation". Football.stassen.com. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
- ^ SI.com: Defending traditional passer rating
- ^ Cold Hard Football Facts: 40 and Fabulous: in praise of passer rating
- ^ 1941 Bears, 1943 Bears, 1949 Eagles, 1955 Browns, 1958 Colts, 1959 Colts, 1966 Packers, and 1996 Packers
- ^ http://www.pro-football-reference.com/blog/?p=633
- ^ Guide to the Total Quarterback Rating
- ^ http://www.coldhardfootballfacts.com/content/qbr-espns-deeply-flawed-made-for-tv-stat/7978/
- ^ http://bleacherreport.com/articles/889199-big-flaws-in-espns-total-qbr-exposed-after-tim-tebow-rates-above-aaron-rodgers
- ^ Player Game Finder Query Results - Pro-Football-Reference.com
- ^ Player Game Finder Query Results - Pro-Football-Reference.com
- ^ Player Game Finder Query Results - Pro-Football-Reference.com
- ^ a b NFL Records, Individual Passing Records - nfl.com
- ^ King, Peter (2010-11-15). "Patriots? Jets? Giants? There are no super NFL teams this season". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ "2011 Football Bowl Subdivision Records" (PDF). NCAA. p. 7. Retrieved 5 September 2011.
- ^ Wilson, Persa finish with NCAA records - Big Ten Blog - ESPN
External links
- NFL.com QB Rating Page
- Online passer rating calculator for NFL/CFL, NCAA and AFL formulas
- A look at and breakdown of the NFL Passer Rating
- NFL Career Passer Rating Leaders
- QB Rating Calculator
- Adjustable NFL passer rating calculator and database. Stats from 1932 - present.
- New York Times - The N.F.L.'s Passer Rating, Arcane and Misunderstood - January 14, 2004


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Stumped on what to get dad for Father's Day? From rum to rings and coffee to cuff links, check out some of the hautest gifts we rounded up.
- DEWAR'S Signature
Fitting for the holiday, DEWAR'S was founded by a father-son team, with John Dewar Sr. in 1846, whose legacy was honored by the teamwork of his two sons, John Dewar Jr. and Tommy Dewar. DEWAR'S Signature is double-aged—an extra step that the distillery takes simply because it believes is worth the time to do—which results in an exceptional smoothness and complex, lingering finish. Bonus for Dads living in New York City: Club Macanudo (26 East 63rd Street) is offering DEWAR'S Signature, as well as cigar pairings. For a more classic libation, have dad opt for the DEWAR'S Manhattan, made with DEWAR'S 18 Year Old, MARTINI Rosso vermouth, Angostura bitters, a chilled, maraschino cherry and garnished with a twist of an orange peel. SRP: $199.99 www.dewars.com
- SEPHORA Favorites The Leading Man Deluxe Fragrance Sampler For Him
Give Dad the gift of fragrance this Father's Day with this bold five-piece collection of SEPHORA's most sophisticated scents from Bvlgari, Dior, Gucci, John Varvatos and Paco Rabanne. Inside this box you'll find a combination of invigorating fresh scents including vibrant, aquatic notes and musky, warm notes that will be sure to cater to any man's preference. Dad can try them all and then bring the included certificate to any US SEPHORA store to redeem a full-size version of his favorite one. sephora.com
- Tartan Yachts and Blue Pacific Boating Sailing Adventure
This year surprise dear ole' Dad with an escape to the sea. Send Dad down to Santa Monica to garner his sea legs aboard a beautiful Tartan Yacht. Handcrafted, American-made and prestigious, these heirloom quality yachts will make Dad swoon. Behind the wheel, the world class, high-performance standards that set Tartan in a league of their own, make for a road test Dad will never want to end. The fun does not have to end there. To keep the devotional to Dad rolling, or sailing, sign him up for an Introduction to Sailing course with Blue Pacific Boating. Dad will sail off into the sunset worry free as a licensed skipper leads a 4-hour private sailing charter across the Santa Monica Bay. He'll learn the ins and outs of the boat, how to tact the cruiser out of the harbor and navigate like a true sailor. Prices range from $300 to $2000 for chartering and $650 to $1000 for lessons. To charter a Tartan Yacht today to book Dad for the maritime sailing course, call 310.305.7245. tartanyachts.com bluepacificboating.com
- Ron Abuelo Limited Edition Father's Day gift set
This Father's Day Gift Set bundles a 750ml bottle of the Ron Abuelo 12 Años rum with a stylish and convenient travel kit. Including a keychain, money clip and passport holder, the travel kit incorporates the classic, masculine style of the Ron Abuelo brand and is perfect for the cosmopolitan man on the go. Ron Abuelo is produced entirely from estate-grown sugar cane in Panama by the family-owned Varela Hermanos. The company dates back to 1908 when Don José Varela established the first sugar mill in the recently-formed Republic of Panama, the San Isidro Sugar Mill. Currently run by the third generation, Varela Hermanos has approximately 1000 hectares of land devoted exclusively to the cultivation of sugar cane. The Ron Abuelo Limited Edition Father's Day Gift Set will be available with a SRP of $32.99. ronabuelorum.com
- Bonobos Caddyslack Golf Pants and Shirt Game Shorts
Dapper dads shouldn't have to sacrifice fit and style when they're putting on their favorite greens. Bonobos offers golf apparel with their signature better-fit, color and of course, dash of irreverence. The Bonobos Golf Pants, aka the CADDYSLACKS in grey and navy mini-houndstooth and are constructed in breathable polyester with design details made for the course. A zipper is located on the bottom hem to allow dad to open the break of the trouser to drape perfectly over his favorite pair of spikes and contrast back pocket lining provides a nod to classic styling, along with a one-of-a-kind scorecard print on the pocket liners ($108). And Bonobos Short Games? Well, they're shorts all right, the warm-weather alternative to the wildly popular line of golf pants. So whether it's just an extra hot day at the course, or simply a chance to showcase some great golf socks, the Short Games are the perfect solution for staying cool on the fairways. ($78) bonobos.com/golf
- Pianegonda Jewelry
Italian jeweler Pianegonda recently introduced it's new men's collection the "Character Collection." A favorite of Enrique Iglesias and Marc Anthonys the brand is renowned for bold, innovative designs. It features rodiated .925 sterling silver and 18-karat gold, together with natural elements, including diamonds, semiprecious stones, natural river pearls, buffalo tusk and leather and ranges from $125 to $9,600. It can be purchased at major retailers, including Neiman Marcus and Saks Fifth Avenue.
- Baume & Mercier's Capeland Watch
Baume & Mercier's new Capeland timepiece the perfect accessory for the sporty-chic dad. Inspired by a 1948 single-push piece chronograph vintage model from the Swiss Maison d'Horlogerie's archives, the new 44mm Chronograph Capeland has a curved sapphire crystal open-case back (revealing the movement) and is appointed with a black alligator bracelet, sun satin-finished blue and snailed black dial with red telemeter, white tachymeter and Arabic numbers in a steel case. The strap features an innovative triple folding security clasp system to preserve the integrity of the bracelet over time. It will be available just in time for Father's Day and retails for $4,350. baume-et-mercier.com
- Laughing Man Coffee, Teas and Chocolate
Hugh Jackman recently teamed up with David and Barry Steingard to create a special line of coffees, teas and chocolates called Laughing Man. What makes this a true labor of love for the founders is that Laughing Man Worldwide gives 100% of the profits it receives to charity. Laughing Man believes in the "All Be Happy" vision – to create jobs, support entrepreneurial spirit and encourage community health, as well as being the most delicious line of coffee, tea and chocolates. This Father's Day, Laughing Man is the perfect gift for the Do Gooder, Best Dad Ever as well as the Coffee Lover who deserves a gift that will put a smile on his face. livelaughingman.com
- Casa Dragones Limited Edition 100% Blue Agave Joven Tequila
Oprah recently declared Casa Dragones her new favorite tequila and top chefs like Eric Ripert and Tom Colicchio are praising the super smooth taste while pairing it with food. The tequila is a rare style of joven, a delicate blend of blanco and five-year barrel-aged extra añejo tequilas. Perfect for Father's Day, they're now offering the option to have bottles personalized. $275 per bottle, meant to be sipped neat. casadragones.com (Email firstname.lastname@example.com for personalization)
- Mixed Chicks HIS mix Grooming Gifts
Every man deserves The Dynamic Duo. Even with a barber haircut, dad's salon ready when routinely using HIS MIX products.HIS MIX Hydrating Shampoo removes damaging build-up and adds fortifying luster Infused with oils, silk amino acids, soy protein and organic extracts, this shampoo leaves hair healthier and full of life. HIS MIX Penetrating Leave-in Conditioner conditions with natural oils and proteins which provide moisture and eliminate frizz. The Sweet Pear bar soap smells fresh and contains vitamins A, E, and D. It is also infused with powerful antioxidants that make skin feel younger and healthier. The Pineapple Coconut bar soap is aromatic and contains antioxidants, vitamins A, C, and D. It also has aloe to nourish, mind, body, and skin. And like everything that the Mixed Chicks make, the soaps are cruelty free and vegan. Mixed Chicks will launch its complete hair care line at more than 350 stores and will be expanding to over 700 in July and target.com. Target will become the first mass retailer to offer the full line of adult and kids Mixed Chicks products. mixedchicks.net/
Like Haute Living New York? Join our Facebook page or follow us on Twitter @HauteLivingNY. Want Haute Living New York delivered to your inbox once a week? Sign up for our newsletter.


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NSFW Warning: Some work environments may not like these jokes.
The Cataclysm floodgates have been opened, and the torrent of information coming is awesome! Here come the goblin sound files for goblin male and female /flirt and /silly jokes and flirts. A lot of it is what you would expect from goblins -- money, wheeling and dealing, bondage jokes and... wait, what? Some of this stuff is pretty racey, and I doubt it will stay in game like the infamous "kill two dwarves" troll emote. Nonetheless, here are your goblin sound emotes.
More clips are after the break.
Cataclysm Beta: Goblin /flirt and /silly sounds
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- Control your network or others (with permission) remotely
- Internet usage and health report
- Backlist devices from accessing your network
- 24/7 unlimited lifetime support
App Usage Outside
Run your devices at your speed.
Deco's mobile app goes beyond Wi-Fi. The app gives you the power to prioritize devices for faster speeds and sharing—all from your smartphone.
- Prioritize devices and applications for faster performance
- Share guest network Wi-Fi information
- Troubleshoot, test speed and run diagnostics
- Monitor the traffic for individual devices
It's all in the details.
- Quad-core CPU
- Wireless: 400 Mbps on 2.4 GHz + 867 Mbps on 5 GHz
- 4 internal antennas per Deco unit
- 2 Gigabit ports per Deco unit
- 1 USB Type-C port
- Compatible with IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)
- Product dimensions (120 mm dia x 38 mm h)
- Bluetooth 4.2
|Deco M5
|Google WiFi
|Wi-Fi Features
|Auto Path Selection
|AP Steering
|Band Steering
|Ease of Use
|Mobile App
|Bluetooth Onboarding
|Location Assistant
|Device List
|Easy Guest Wi-Fi Sharing
|Software & Security
|Network Scanning
|Firewall Security
|QoS (By Device)
|QoS (By Application)
|Device Activity Report
|Parental Controls (Time Restrictive)
|Parental Controls (URL Filtering)
|Monthly Usage Reports
|Auto FW Update
*Please note that the comparison was compiled based on product information available from product brochures/websites as of 4/12. No actual testing was performed.
Get Started with Deco
Deco is a whole-home Wi-Fi solution that grows with you so every device is seamlessly covered.
How can we help you?
Setup &
Watch Video
Just Add Power
Simply download the app and let it do the work in finding the strongest spot for placement. No pulling cords or counting to 15, Deco guides you straight out of the box for a seamless setup experience.
System requirements:
- Android 4.3 or later
- iOS 8.0 or later
- Bluetooth 4.0 or later
- 1 Deco app from Apple App Store or Google Play.
- 2 Sign up for a TP-Link ID in the Deco app.
- 3 Follow the instructions in the app to set up your primary Deco.
Before you buy
What is a Deco Whole-Home Wi-Fi System?
Perfect for homes seeking maximum Wi-Fi coverage with speed and simplicity for every user, Deco replaces a collection of routers and range extenders with an intelligent Wi-Fi system made up of multiple units working together seamlessly. Deco maintains a single network throughout your home so you only see one network name and need only one network password. It ensures the best connection to all your devices, even when moving from room to room, whether you're gaming, streaming or browsing. Within minutes, the intuitive Deco app guides you through an easy setup process that gets each unit up and running and all your devices connected and online. Deco gives you the best possible home Wi-Fi experience.
How many Deco units do I need? Are they all the same?
The TP-Link Deco Whole-Home Wi-Fi System includes three identical Deco units that can be placed wherever you need Wi-Fi most in your home. During setup, you will choose one Deco unit to serve as your primary device. It will connect to your modem to enable internet access for your home. From there, additional Deco units can be placed in any room, and each Deco unit will automatically detect and configure the others to create a seamless Wi-Fi system.
While you could use a single Deco unit as a stand-alone router, Deco works best when multiple units work together as part of a system. One Deco Whole-Home Wi-Fi System has a range of up to 4,500 sq. ft., and most homes will benefit best from the Deco three-pack configuration. For larger coverage, you can add up to seven Deco units to the initial three.
How many Deco units can I have in my home?
A Deco Whole-Home Wi-Fi kit includes multiple units to cover the average-sized home. If you have a very large home or space where you want seamless Wi-Fi, up to ten Deco units can be used on the same network.
How many devices can be connected to a Deco network?
The number of client devices that can be connected at once depends on the type of devices connected and the usage mix of those devices. Deco can support 64 devices in homes with a mix of IoT products, smart TVs, smartphones, tablets and peripherals, such as wireless printers.
Can I use Deco along with my current ISP?
Currently, Deco supports three internet connection types: PPPoE, Static IP and Dynamic IP. That means Deco can work with most ISPs.
Can Deco replace my modem or router?
Deco is designed to replace most home routers. If you need a modem to access the internet, then Deco should be used together with the existing modem.
What's a modem? How can I set up Deco with an existing modem?
A modem is a device that connects your home to the internet. There are three kinds of modems.
- A DSL modem has an RJ11 jack to connect to a standard telephone line.
- A cable modem delivers broadband internet access via a coaxial cable.
- A modem router or gateway is a combination of a modem and router.
If you have a DSL or cable modem, Deco will select the connection type during setup and prompt you if input is necessary. If you don't have a modem, you may be able to access the internet directly through an Ethernet jack.
What should I do if I want to use Deco with my existing router?
If you want to use Deco along with your existing router, do the following:
Define a different network name(SSID) and password from those of your current network. Running Deco with the same SSID might lead to technical problems.
If possible, turn off your existing router's Wi-Fi. You will then have a single SSID for your whole network, with minimal wireless interference. This will ensure a reliable internet connection and seamless roaming.
If your router is a combination device from your ISP, check with your ISP for instructions on how to turn off its wireless capabilities. Your ISP may also have directions on how to set the device to bridge mode.
What features does Deco support?
Currently, Deco supports UPnP, IPv6, VPN Passthrough, IGMP Proxy and Snooping and more. You can find more features in the Deco app.
Will Deco be sold in my region?
Deco will first be released in the U.S. and then Canada. Deco will then soon be distributed in Europe and parts of Asia.
When You Set Up
How do I set up my Deco?Watch Video
Make sure your Android or iOS device has access to the internet through cellular data or Wi-Fi, then follow these steps:
- Download the Deco app from the App Store or Google Play.
- Sign up for a TP-Link ID in the Deco app.
- Follow the instructions in the app to set up your primary Deco unit.
- Continue following the instructions to add additional Deco units to your network.
- Connect your wireless devices to your Deco network and enjoy!
Which wireless devices can I use to set up and manage my Deco network?
iOS and Android devices are supported. They must support Bluetooth 4.0 or later.
iOS 8.0 or later; Android 4.3 or later
Do I need internet access when setting up Deco for the first time?
Yes, internet access is needed to download the app and for the initial login or sign up process. After you login, internet access is no longer needed.
What's a TP-Link ID?
A TP-Link ID allows you to manage your home network and devices with a single account, using apps such as Tether, Kasa and Deco. With a TP-Link ID, remembering endless usernames and passwords is a thing of the past. Create one now with your email address to start enjoying Deco.
Why does TP-Link require my email address?
Your email address will be used for:
- Verifying your account.
- Resetting your password
- Remote management of your Deco network
Why am I unable to sign up?
This may be caused by several things. Please check to make sure:
- You have access to the internet.
- You have entered a valid email address and password.
The email address you entered may have been registered already. Try logging in.
What if I forget the password for my TP-Link ID?
On the login page, click Forgot Password and follow the instructions to reset your password.
How can I change the email address bound to my TP-Link ID?
You can change the email address bound to your TP-Link ID when your account is logged in. Swipe right from the left edge, go to Account > Email and enter the password for your TP-Link ID. Follow the instructions to change your email address.
What's the difference between an owner account and a manager account?
Each Deco has only one owner with full authority to manage the network, including adding or removing manager accounts.
The owner can assign up to eight manager accounts for a single Deco network. Managers can also remove themselves from the Deco network, but cannot add or delete Deco units.
Can multiple accounts manage a Deco network at the same time?
Currently, only one account may be logged into the Deco app at a time. If you log in while another account is already being used to manage the network, the new account will kick out the old one.
How can I find a suitable spot for my Deco?
Placing your Deco units is an important step towards enjoying fast, reliable Wi-Fi. The Deco app will guide you to finding the best spots to place your Deco units by detecting and analyzing the signal strength and link rate between Deco units.
What should I do if an additional Deco fails to be detected?
Try the following:
- Make sure your Deco unit is powered on and the LED is pulsing blue.
- Move your smartphone closer to the Deco unit you're trying to add.
- Reset your Deco unit by pressing the RESET button until the LED is yellow.
What should I do if synchronization fails when adding a Deco?
This may be caused by unstable communication between Deco units. Please try again. Try resetting your Deco unit or placing it closer to the primary Deco unit for stronger signal strength.
How can I change the network name (SSID) and password?
Tap the Menu button in the bottom right corner of the Deco app and then tap Wi-Fi Settings. You can change the SSID and password of both your main network and guest network.
Can I manage my Deco network remotely?
Sure! After successfully binding Deco units to a TP-Link ID, users can manage a Deco network even when they are out and about via the Deco app on their smartphone or tablet.
What should I do if I cannot remotely manage my Deco network?
1) We couldn't find Deco.
If you cannot find your Deco network and you are away, please ask a family member to make sure that the Deco is powered on and connected to the modem (if there is one) properly via an Ethernet cable. The LEDs should be lit. If not, power off and then power on your cable modem to reset your internet connection. If that doesn't work, restart your primary Deco unit.
2) Something is wrong with your wireless device.
Verify that your mobile device is connected to the internet. If the internet is unavailable, go to Settings on your wireless device and connect to the internet using either cellular data or a Wi-Fi connection.
Deco app Dashboard explanation.
When you have logged into the Deco app and set up your Deco units, the Dashboard page will be displayed.
At the top of the Dashboard is the network state, where you can find Deco units and their locations. Tap the icon to view detailed information about a Deco unit, or to remove it from the network.
- Click Add to expand your Deco network.
- The Speedtest results are located in the middle of the screen. Use it to check current upload and download speeds provided by your ISP.
- You can find devices connected to the network near the bottom of the screen. Tap to view detailed information for each device.
- At the bottom right corner is the Menu icon. Tap it and to set up Parental Controls, QoS and other features.
The Message Center is presented in the top right corner as an envelope and provides notifications about new devices, Deco updates, monthly reports and more.
If Something Goes Wrong
There's something wrong with my primary Deco unit.
Both primary and extension Deco units have pulsing red LEDs, check if Ethernet cable is properly connected to the modem. Then power off and on the modem, wait for 2-3 minutes until the Deco LEDs turn back to solid green.
Double-check your PPPoE account. If you're using a PPPoE connection, verify your username and password are correct.
Power off and on your Deco Whole-Home Wi-Fi System.
There's something wrong with my extension Deco units.
- Restart the extension Deco unit.
- Find a closer location. If the primary Deco unit has solid green LED but the extension Deco unit is pulsing red, please move it closer to the primary Deco unit.
- Delete and add it again through the Deco app.
If the problem persists, please contact our technical support team.
There's something wrong with the Deco app.
- Make sure your wireless device has internet access, either with cellular data or Wi-Fi.
- Exit the Deco app and then launch it again.
- Make sure you log in using your TP-Link ID. You can also try logging out of your TP-Link ID and then logging back in.
- Make sure you're always using the latest version of the Deco app to the latest version.
- If the problem persists, you can try uninstalling the Deco app and then reinstalling it, and powering your smartphone or tablet off and then on again.
Further Assistance
How can I reset or reboot my Deco Whole-Home Wi-Fi System?
You can conveniently reset or reboot your Deco Whole-Home Wi-Fi System physically or through the Deco app.
Reset a Deco unit:
From the Dashboard in the Deco app, tap the Deco unit that you want to reset, and then tap the button in the top right corner. Click Remove to reset the Deco unit. Alternatively, you can press the Reset button on the bottom of the Deco unit to reset it.
Tip: If you would like to reset all Deco units via the Deco app, it is better to remove the expansion units first and primary unit last.
Reboot your Deco unit:
Tap a Deco unit that you want to reboot on the Dashboard in the Deco app, and then tap the button in the top right corner. Click Reboot to reboot the Deco unit. Alternatively, you can unplug the Deco unit and then plug it in again to reboot it.
What kind of messages will the Deco app send me?
The Message Center will allow you to view important messages which can be accessed anytime by tapping the Message Center button in the top right corner of the app. Three types of messages will be sent: new device, firmware update, and monthly report.
Can I modify the notification settings?
Yes. From the Menu, tap Advanced and select Notifications. Enable or disable notification types as desired.
What is a guest network?
A guest network allows visitors in your home to use the internet without needing to connect to your private network. Wireless devices connected to a guest network have no access to resources shared on the main network so that the security and privacy of the main network are guaranteed.
How can I enable a guest network and share it with others?
Tap the Menu button in the bottom right corner of the Deco app and then tap Wi-Fi Settings. Toggle on the Guest Network to enable it. Tap the Share button in the top right corner or just shake your wireless device and choose Guest Network to share it via SMS or email.
You can share your main network with others in the same way.
How do I run a speed test?
Simply tap the Speedtest section to run a test. The latest test result is shown on your dashboard. The result reflects the rate at which data is downloaded and uploaded. Moreover, the Deco app displays comments on your internet speed rate.
Please note that the test result is affected by various factors such as distance, network traffic, etc.
Can I turn off the LED at night?
Yes. Tap LED Control from the Advanced Menu. Toggle on Night Mode and specify the period when you sleep. The LED will automatically turn off during the selected period.
What do the different LED colors mean?
Please refer to the following table to check your LED status.
Color Description
Solid Yellow — The Deco unit is starting up.
Pulsing blue — The Deco unit is ready for setup.
Solid blue — The Deco unit is in setup process.
Solid green — The Deco unit is connected to internet and working properly.
Red — Something's gone wrong. Check the Deco app for details.
How can I update the Deco firmware and why should I update it?
When an updated version is available, your message center will send a notification in the Deco app. All you have to do is allow the upgrade. Alternatively, tap Update Deco from the Menu. If there is a new version, tap Update to start.
An up-to-date software version provides better, more stable network performance, so we highly recommended always updating Deco to the latest firmware version.
Can my printer join a Deco network?
The Deco Whole-Home Wi-Fi System allows you to add a network printer.
If your printer has an Ethernet port, connect it to any Deco's LAN port.
If you want to connect printer wirelessly, make sure it supports WPA2 encryption. Use the printer's management software to manually connect it to the Deco network. If you are unsure how to do so, please contact your printer's manufacturer.
What does Deco's Quality of Service (QoS) do?
Quality of Service (QoS) allows you to prioritize the online activities that are most important to users on your Deco network. Five predefined settings (Standard, Gaming, Streaming, Surfing and Chatting) are available, along with a Custom mode where you can define your unique priority settings. Greater bandwidth is allocated to the online activities you prioritize, so even when there is heavy traffic on the Deco network you can continue doing what you enjoy most. For example, if you are gaming online with friends and are concerned about experiencing lag, you can use the main menu of the Deco app to go to QoS and tap the Gaming preset.
Device QoS allows you to prioritize the device that is most important to you.
You can set a high-priority time during which the bandwidth for a device is guaranteed. For example, if you are using your laptop for an important video conference and want to avoid a dropped call, you can set your laptop as high-priority during the time of your video conference.
Can I enable both online activity and device QoS at the same time? Which one has a higher priority?
The Deco app allows you to enable both at the same time. However, please note that, if the settings conflict, activity QoS takes priority over individual devices.
What are Deco's Parental Controls?
Parental Controls allow you to filter online content for your children, control when they can access the internet, restrict the total time they spend online each day and track the websites they visit and apps they use.
How do I filter online content for my children?
Parental Controls allow you to group children's devices into different filter levels determined by age: Child, Pre-Teen, Teen and Adult. Categories that are inappropriate for the corresponding age group are blocked. You can also select additional categories to block for each age group, and block specific websites and apps you don't want children to have access to on their devices.
Can I set limits on the time my children spend online?
Yes. Use Parental Controls to set daily limits on the total amount of time children can spend online each day. Additionally, you can stop them from accessing the internet between specified times. For example, you can stop children from accessing the internet on their devices while doing homework or after bedtime.
What's included in Deco's Antivirus?
Deco's security system consists of three parts.
Malicious Content Filter: Blocks malicious websites that are listed in Trend Micro's database to ensure you can safely surf the net.
Intrusion Prevention System: Protects your network against external attacks and eliminates vulnerabilities.
Infected Device Quarantine: Prevents infected devices from sending sensitive information or security threats to devices outside your network.
True Seamless Roaming
Deco units work together to form one unified network with a single network name. You phone or tablet automatically connects to the fastest Deco as you move through your home. The switching takes less than 0.3 second and is smooth and unnoticeable, creating a truly seamless online experience.
Adaptive Path Selection
TP-Link Mesh Technology dynamically chooses the best route and band for your connections and applications, guaranteeing a fast Wi-Fi no matter where you are in the home.
If one Deco has an issue, the system will automatically reroute data via the other Decos to make sure you stay online.
Wi-Fi + Powerline
Powerline connections utilize your home's electrical circuit to link Decos, bypassing even the thickest of walls and ceilings.
The dual-band Wi-Fi and powerline work together to transmit data between Deco units. The total network speed is greatly improved compared with using Wi-Fi only.
- Wi-Fi + Powerline:
- Hybird Wi-Fi System Boosted Speeds
- Traditional Mesh Wi-Fi:
- Standard Wi-Fi System
- Powerline
- Note:Wi-Fi + Powerline is only for Deco P9
IoT Mesh
Unlike traditional smart hubs, TP-Link Mesh Technology provides whole-home IoT coverage with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and Zigbee integrated into a single system.Enjoy the magic of your smart home in every room with TP-Link Mesh Technology. Say goodbye to countless hubs.
- - - - Wi-Fi
- - - - Zigbee
- - - - Bluetooth
Wi-Fi 6 Mesh
Armed with Wi-Fi 6 technology,
Deco whole home mesh Wi-Fi is designed to deliver a huge boost in coverage, speed, and total capacity. Get on the latest mesh Wi-Fi to enjoy the future network that loads faster and connects more.
Broader coverage
More Connections
Faster Wi-Fi 6 Speed
AI-Driven Mesh
Armed with AI Mesh technology,Deco automatically learns and improves itself from experience.
This provides the ideal mesh Wi-Fi unique to your home and network environment.
Walk through your home and enjoy seamless streaming at the fastest possible speeds.
Why TP-Link Mesh Technology
an industry leading solution?
|Compete Comparison
|Model Number
|TP-Link Deco
|Netgear Orbi
|Google WiFi
|Wireless Backhaul
|Single-Band(5G_1 Only)
|Mesh Protocol Supported
|IEEE 802.11k/v/r
|IEEE 802.11k/v
|IEEE 802.11s
|True Seamless Roaming
|APS(Adaptive Path Selection)
|IoT Mesh
|Wi-Fi 6 Mesh
|AI-Driven Mesh
|Powerline Backhaul
|Wireless + Powerline Bandwidth
|Band Steering
|AP Steering
|Notes: 1&2 For Deco M9 Plus Only;5 for Deco X20;Deco X90;6 for Deco X90 only.
Spec sourced by Dec. 2019
Deco Series
Deco X60wifi6Learn More
Deco M9 PlusLearn More
Deco P9Learn More
Deco M4Learn More
|AC adapter input
|100-240V ~ 50/60Hz 0.4A
|AC adapter output
|Quad-core CPU
|2 LAN/WAN Gigabit Ethernet Ports
|1 Reset button on the underside
|External Power Supply
|Φ4.7 in. x 1.3 in. (Φ120 mm x 38 mm)
|4 internal antennas per Deco unit
|Bluetooth version
|4.2 and above
|Wireless Standards
|IEEE 802.11 ac/n/a 5 GHz, IEEE 802.11 b/g/n 2.4 GHz
|2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
|Signal Rate
|400 Mbps on 2.4 GHz
867 Mbps on 5 GHz
|Transmit Power
|FCC: <30 dBm
CE: <20 dBm (2.4 GHz)
<23 dBm (5 GHz)
|Wireless Security
|Advanced Functions
|TP-Link Mesh Technology:
Auto Path Selection
AP Steering
Band Steering
|Quality of Service
|WAN Type
|Dynamic IP/Static IP/PPPoE
|Local Management, Remote Management
|Server, Client
|Port Forwarding
|Access Control
|Firewall Security
|SPI Firewall
|Supports IPv4 and IPv6
|Advanced Features
Parental Controls
Quality of Service
|Advanced Functions
Monthly Usage Reports
Auto FW Update
Expand for more deco
|Guest Network
|2.4 GHz guest network * 1
5 GHz guest network * 1
|Easy setup by Deco App
|Package Contents
|● Deco M5 (3-pack):
3 Deco units
1 RJ45 Ethernet Cable
3 Power Adapters
● Deco M5 (1-pack):
1 Deco unit
1 RJ45 Ethernet Cable
1 Power Adapter
|Smartphone/Tablet Requirements
|iOS 9.0 or later
Android 4.4 or later
Bluetooth 4.0 or later
|Operating Temperature: 0℃~40℃ (32℉~104℉)
Storage Temperature: -40℃~70℃ (-40℉~158℉)
Operating Humidity: 10%~90% non-condensing
Storage Humidity: 5%~90% non-condensing
SubscriptionTP-Link takes your privacy seriously. For further details on TP-Link's privacy practices, see TP-Link's Privacy Policy.
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text:
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text:
Hi, Elluminai! :D:D I promise we won't eat you; I don't care for hazelnut coffee (but don't be offended, I love hazelnuts on cake ).
I must say, though, I think I'm more of a pecan girl myself -- I hope that doesn't make us mortal enemies.
(We're all nuts of one sort or another here.... )
Anyway, welcome to TORC! I see that Sil has already pointed you toward our chat thread in Talk and the Terms of Service. If you have any other questions feel free to ask us here or in the chat thread!
I look forward to getting to know you and your nut army.


text:
Family, friends hope for symbolic resolution in Somerville cold case
Walk retraces path Deanna Cremin never completed
Hundreds of people turned out Saturday to march for a Somerville teenager whose murder is still unsolved.
Deanna Cremin was murdered on March 29, 1995, three days after her 17th birthday. Police said she had walked halfway from Broadway to her Jacques Street home with her then-boyfriend, Tommy LeBlanc, and never made it the rest of the way.
Her body was found behind a nearby elderly housing complex the next morning. She had been strangled to death.
On the 18th anniversary of her death, "Walk Deanna Home" retraced the path that Cremin never completed.
Katherine Cremin, Deanna's mother, is hoping for a symbolic resolution to her daughter's last night alive.
"That evening, she said to me, 'I'll be home after my shows.' And I said, 'OK, I love you.' And she said, 'I love you, too.'
Still struggling with her daughter's death, Katherine Cremin hopes that someone will come forward with information in the cold case.
"By all of us getting together, we're hoping to create a very positive and uniting energy," she said. "The fact that the killer remains free -- in the brutal fashion that she was murdered -- it's imperative that we don't give up."
The Middlesex District Attorney's office has had three persons-of-interest in the case, including LeBlanc but has never had enough to press charges.
More information on the Cremin case can be found at http://www.facebook.com/WhoKilledDeannaCremin.


text:
From last year, I sell my products using facebook. I found that my business is finding its maximum profit, because the average profit every month is around one static point. Right now, I'm trying to expand my business by selling my products using our own website. For this idea, I would like to ask a third party to build my own business website. What I want to ask is what should I concern when I want to ask third party to build my business website?
For this question, I would prefer the your answers are related to technical issues, such as security, response latency, and etc..


text:
Creating Brainiacs
photo: Lisa Krantz/Express-News
Eric Jensen led a workshop on brain-based learning for Harlendale Independent School District teachers and administrators at the Boggess Center in July. Jensen spoke about techniques aimed at children from impoverished backgrounds, including helping them cope with stress, learn appropriate emotional responses and increase cognitive stimulation.
Creating brainiacs
During the summer, about 200 educators in the Harlandale Independent School District experienced brain-based learning firsthand as they joined in a fast-paced scavenger hunt all while becoming acquainted with neuroscience research and teaching techniques from expert Eric Jensen.
Between activities meant to engage workshop participants, Jensen spoke about using brain-based techniques with students from impoverished backgrounds. Research has shown that socioeconomic status is associated with childhood achievement. He emphasized helping students cope with stress, learn appropriate emotional responses and increase cognitive stimulation.
What these teachers may not have realized was the basis for these strategies stretches back to experiments half a century ago.
Leslie Owen Wilson, professor emerita at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point School of Education, said brain-based learning can trace its origins to the Split Brain Experiments of the 1960s, in which scientists discovered that the two brain hemispheres had different functions. But, neuroscience research has been slow to diffuse into classroom settings, said Wilson, who is based in Austin and is teaching an online course on the topic this fall.
"Generally, teachers teach the way that they were taught," said Wilson, who added that an administrator who adopts brain-friendly policies can ease the transition.
For students to retain learning, they must practice, talk about and act upon the information, Wilson said.
"A lot of kids physically have to do something in order to ingrain the learning at a permanent level," Wilson said. "That takes a great deal of time and teaching artistry and, you know, it's not on the test."
Using new techniques
Melva Matkin said that when she became principal of Esparza Accelerated Elementary School in the Northside Independent School District more than 20 years ago, most students were functioning below grade level on standardized tests.
"We knew something had to change," she said.
Matkin's formula for creating an "enriched" learning environment included asking teachers to stay current on cognitive research and to use students' emotional states to optimize learning and behavior management.
For instance, students might hear classical music playing during lunch. Matkin has observed that classical music calms students. The few times someone has slipped the wrong CD into the player, she's seen the kids get really revved up.
She has also advised teachers to cater to students' multiple intelligences. This translates to students building a diorama of the Alamo for history class — an activity that would appeal to their spatial intelligence — rather than just reading about the Alamo.
In North East Independent School District, the push toward brain-based learning is coming, in part, from the physical education and health department. There Rachel Naylor, assistant director for physical education, health and athletics, said teachers began incorporating brain breaks into classes last year.
"It could be anything from standing up, stretching, breathing and sitting back down, to going outside for a walk," Naylor said.
Strategies that work movement into the school day boost blood flow to the brain and can create a domino effect that affects learning, quality of life and, potentially, test scores, Naylor said. A preliminary NEISD analysis from the 2008-09 school year found that obese middle school students had lower passing rates on both the reading and math portions of the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills tests than students with a healthy weight.
Overcoming challenges
Rather than lecturing to quiet lackluster learners, teachers may have to adapt to a classroom cacophony — a potential side effect of having engaged students — according to local educators who have made the switch.
But aside from managing energized students, there are other impediments to using brain-based learning techniques.
For instance, educators must first understand the scientific research to translate it into classroom practices, Wilson said.
Another downside is the amount of time it takes to teach using these tactics.
"If I zip through a textbook or indulge in round-robin reading, I can say I covered that material, but I can't with any certainty say a child learned it," Wilson said.
Alvarez said he found time management to be an issue when he took students outside to practice graphing, an activity that took twice as long as expected.
"There's no other way, sometimes, to get through a lesson besides notes and lecture because there are time constraints," Alvarez said.
Matkin acknowledges that brain-based learning is not a quick fix.
Though the success of these initiatives can be difficult to measure comparatively, Matkin pointed out that Esparza, a school of about 750 students, received an exemplary rating in the 2010 Texas accountability ratings.
Brain-based learning is "a philosophy and approach to education that's kid-friendly and it's, frankly, teacher-friendly," the principal said. "It is not an easy way to teach, but it is a fun way to teach."