text:
|New Articles
|Regular Features
What's New
"Erlang measurements - the customer prison"
"Engaging the Customer- why Net Promotor Scoring is a better KPI".
"Introduction to Net Promoter Score in Call Centres"
KPI Seminar in Copenhagen - August 2016
Lær om brugen af Key Værdi Indikatorer, som hjælp til at synliggøre værdien af Kundeservice i resten af organisationen, samt brug af Net promotor Score. If you're interested please send us an Email to nk@.
Learn how to use Key Value Indicators as a help to make visible the value of Customer Service to the rest of the organisation.
|The KPI Corner. Help with your KPI's. A service to Customer Service managers.
"Why Web-based
Self-service fails the customer" an interview.
"Farewell to Customer Service-automated self-service center"
Welch Inspirational pages
Personal view of The Call Centre Industry in South Africa
|KPI-hjørnet. F?hjælp med dine KPI'er. Service til danske kundeservice ledere
|Call Center Productivity Introduction to the Coaching Culture Call Center.
My personal support to America and the War against Islamic terrorism.
About Resource
EBITDA -CAC - Adding value to the corporate balance sheet
The Case Files
Real case stories, starting with the famous GE-Call Centre files. White Papers, Call Centre studies from around the World.
|Contact us
Sad anecdote - Dell Help D India
Managers Files
How to get a grip on the job of Call Centre Manager.
Articles new and old relating to the many skills required to run a successful Call Centre
|Speaking and Seminar services
"The Flawed Business Model" - How Customer-Wallet Focus took over from Customer Focus".
Call Centre Managers
Research Files
Important research especially for Asia Pacific. Don't miss.
Call Center Management – Taking the customer out of the service delivery equation soviet style
Call Centre
Articles on operational issues. People Management & HR, Measurements & Controls, Technology & Software, Training & Job Enhancement.
|Web Sponsorship
|Managers Bookstore - White papers, research & reports. New items added weekly.
Call Centre Links
Comprehensive list of rated Call Centre related sites. As more sites get added, only top rated sites will be listed
|CRM & Call Centres - The Internet Enabled Call Centre. The facts, the Visions & where we go from here.
|Value Creation in Call Centres.
|Benchmarking in Call Centres. A Comprehensive guide of how to improve your Call Centre.
|British Airways - Customer Service at its worst
|Why Call Centres Fail. A Case study of 126 Call Centres. Food for thought.
|Call Centre Improvement series. Articles aimed at providing specific Know How to managers;
Bibliography ( New Books ) & Archive
Continually updated list of books on Call Centres, Telemarketing, Customer Service and Help Desks. The Archives include all articles previously published on this site.
|Unions & Call Recording. Benefits of Call Recording
|Call Centre (Management) Associations. Here we list CCMA's from countries all over the world with links to their homepage. Included is networking groups, informal councils, clubs.
|Monitoring & Call Evaluation Model. A practical introduction 'how to use Monitoring to improve Call Outcome'.
|Analysis of Employee Turnover & Job Performance for Call Center Representatives review of this interesting study
|Brisbane City Council Call Centre Case-study. World Class Customer Service.
|Statistics for the Call Center Industry (US). This collection of call centre research (true/false) is the most complete overview ever published.
|Why Customer Service Fails.
|Myth & Reality about Contact Centres in India
|The Toxic Call Center Not the way to go, but a route taken as a result of bad management practices.
|Australian Call Centre boom, how it happened from 1996..
|The Death of Call Quality Monitoring (sporadic call monitoring). How Quality lost its meaning.
|Other Articles of Interest
|Customer don't like talking to machines - Mintel GB research on consumers view of IVR + predictions on call centre growth.
|Customer Complaint Handling US Federal Benchmarking Consortium Study Report.
Last update: April 2016
Date: April, 2016
Copyright ?
Resource International 1995-2016


text:
Putney, Vermont
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county and town page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.
Putney is a town in Windham county, Vermont. It was formed in 1753 in N.H. The probate district for Putney is Westminster, while the court district is Windham. For more information, contact the town at P.O. Box 233, Putney 05346. On the attached map, Putney is shown as 13 in Windham county.
For information about the state of Vermont see Vermont Family History Research.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
BLUE Wilderness® Dental ChewsMedium Size Wild Bones™ For Dogs 25-50 lbs.
BLUE Wilderness Wild Bones are the 100% grain-free treat made to satisfy the spirit of the wolf that lives in every dog. Made to look just like something the wolf pack would search the forest for, these Wild Bones will help clean your dog's teeth as well as freshen his breath.
Made with only the finest natural ingredients, Wild Bones dental chews are free from both grains and glutens. They're 100% chewing pleasure any dog will love.
Like all BLUE Wilderness treats, Wild Bones contain no artificial colors, flavors or preservatives so your dog can satisfy his primitive instincts the way nature intended.
The True BLUE Promise
Wilderness Wild Bones contain NO chicken (or poultry) by-product meals, NO corn, wheat or soy, and NO artificial flavors, colors or preservatives.
|Crude Protein
|23.0% min
|Crude Fat
|3.0% min
|Crude Fiber
|1.0% max
|20.0% max
|1.4% min
|0.75% min
BLUE Wilderness Wild Bones are intended for intermittent or supplemental feeding only. We recommend feeding him just one Wild Bone a day. Choosing the right size of Wild Bones is important too—this bag of medium size Wild Bones is ideal for dogs 25-50 lbs. Keep in mind, BLUE Wild Bones are not appropriate for puppies and dogs less than 5 lbs. Always be sure to watch your dog while he enjoys a BLUE Wild Bone to make sure he chews it sufficiently. And, of course, you should make fresh drinking water available at all times.
Calorie Content:
2,930 Kcals/kg, One Bone = 121 Kcals
Tapioca Starch, Dried Whey, Vegetable Glycerin, Gelatin, Water, Tricalcium Phosphate, Potatoes, Pea Protein, Sunflower
Oil (source of Omega 6 Fatty Acids), Natural Flavor, Sunflower Lecithin, Salt, Zinc Propionate, preserved with Citric Acid,
Tocopherols & Oil of Rosemary, Calcium Carbonate.


text:
Wacky Packages | Wonder Bread | Posters | T-Shirts | Wacky Ads | Lost Wackys | New Series | Original Series | Wacky Magazines | What's New? | Erasers
Once upon a time in late 1972, Topps decided to revive their semi-successful 1967 DieCut Wacky Packages in two new sets. They were designated as 1972 Project Numbers 55 and 56. New projects were assigned a number, and each year began with #00. Previous years' projects kept their number, until that project ended. After that, the number could be reassigned.
See the Topps Production Codes Project
Project #56 went on to become the 1st Series Cloth Stickers, which came out around January of 1973 and continued late into Spring. But #55 drifted into obscurity, leaving behind tiny clues to its existence.
The Project #55 Wacky Packages were to be die-cut cards like the previous 1967 Series. Except this time they would be unnumbered, and include a puzzle/checklist rather than gum. If you look at the back, you can see that besides the missing numbers, they are also a different color than the 1967 set.
The original die-cuts had dwindled from 44 titles down to 30, due to Cease & Desist orders. Topps learned from the 1967 set and the Wacky Ads, that having number variations or dropping a number was tedious and confusing. It would be easier to drop a title from a checklist and no one be the wiser.
Of course the Puzzle subject would have to be a parody of a Topps product, so it couldn't be C&D'd. This would also promote their stance that parodies were both flattering and good advertising. Since the only such title was Gadzooka, it got the job.
Alas, it seems that this set never made it into the public eye. Topps auctioned off an uncut sheet, hinting that the 1973 1st Series may have been intended as die-cuts. And about 20 to 25 individual die-cuts have turned up. Mostly from Topps Vault, and selling in the hundreds of dollars each.
But other remnants of this set still remain. The Puzzle was printed in limited quantity and included in the first run of Cloth Stickers. Many collectors, who bought the Cloths as kids, say their packs never had checklists inside. Others got checklists from later series. If you look at the Cloth set, there is no mention of a puzzle or checklist anywhere on the box or wrapper.
The Cloth Series Checklist itself does not mention that the back is a puzzle. It seems reasonable that the Cloth series was never meant to have a checklist. They were included as an after-thought. On later runs, when the 1972 checklists had run out, Topps included 1st series and even 2nd series checklists with the cloth stickers. Today, the Cloth Series Puzzle is considered very rare, although the stickers are not.
Another clue to the Die-Cut series comes in early 1974, near the end of the 7th Series. Quacker Oats and Weakies have been C&D'd, causing havoc with Wacky Packages. Wrappers and Boxes need to be changed and reprinted. Tattoo and Poster sets are being reassessed. The Wacky Wall Poster is reorganized, and it's corresponding wrapper offer must be updated, causing the first run of 8th series wrappers to be dumped and reprinted. And then a 7th Series Gumless Test Box appears.
This box is very different than the previous 1st through 7th boxes, but looks an awful lot like the old cloth series box from 1972, with Quacker and Weakies removed. It also carries the #55 code, which meant that was that this box was an older design than previous boxes, and even came before the Cloth Set.
It seems that they went back to the Project #55 job bag looking for ideas. Were they desperate for a new box design? Testing a new product? No one knows for sure. But it does give a clue to what the 1972 die-cut box may have looked like.
They also used the older #55 coded wrappers, advertising a puzzle card without gum, and no Wall Poster offer. Both the wrapper and box had revisions made and were printed in 1974. But would the 1972 wrapper have looked like the 7th blue wrapper? Or more of a hybrid between the Cloth stickers and the Die-cuts like this hypothetical red wrapper?
Perhaps one day we'll know for sure. Check out some of the test cards below.
|1972 Test Set
|1972 Test Set -- 30 Titles & Puzzle
|Hard to Find Titles:
|Band-Ache, Breadcrust Hash, Camals, Chock Full O'Nuts, Cover Ghoul, Crust, Dopey Whip, Duzn't, Fink, Gadzooka, Grave Train, Horrid, Hostage Cupcakes, Jail-O, Kook-Aid, Lavirus, Liptorn, Maddie Boy, Mrs. Klean, Minute Lice, Mutts, Paul Maul, Pure Hex, Quacker Oats, 6up, Skimpy, Spray Nit, Tied, Vicejoy, Weakies
|Common Titles
|Unknown - possibility exists for back variations on repeat titles. (See Test Sheet)
|Test vs. Regular
|The Test set wackys have a different color back than the regular diecuts
|Search Ebay Auctions
|Click here to find Wackys on Ebay
|Lost Wackys/ Unpublished Titles
|The 1972 test series was a reprint of the 1967 Die-Cuts. There were 14 Titles dropped before this Series began, and one title, Janitor-in-a-Slum, which was never published.
|Rough Art Found
|Cover Ghoul Rough Art (1967)
|The Rare Cloth Series Puzzle
& Checklists were originally printed for this Test Set
Read the whole story here -- 1972 Test Set
Series Gadzooka Puzzle
|Uncut Sheet
|Uncoded Test Sheet
|Hypothetical Wrapper: 0-455-21-01-2
|Display Box
|Hypothetical Box: 0-455-40-01-2
email firstname.lastname@example.com
See the Full List of Lost Wackys
privacy policy funny pictures Hollywood Zombies New Webkinz Dinosaur Graveyard Gurley Candles Ty Beanie Boos


text:
- About Us
- Profile
- Governance
- Investor Relation
- Media
- Services
- Invester Information
- Careers
- Contact us
At Security General we understand that you want an insurance solution tailored to your unique situation and backed by outstanding claims service. We also know that value and convenience are important to you. Delivering the right coverages and the right amount of protection for your personal insurance needs is where SGI really shines. Our experts can tailor an insurance solution for you with the personal attention you deserve.


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When my two-hour whale-watching tour departed from St. Andrews by-the-Sea, New Brunswick on a foggy late September morning, my unbiased journalistic mission began: To stand up for the supremacy of British Columbia's ocean waters.
As a proud lifelong resident of B.C., officially christened "The Best Place on Earth," I grew up knowing inside my barnaclecovered heart that our coastal whales - indeed, all our marine experiences - were clearly the best.
Why go anywhere else when you can simply glance out the window on BC Ferries and spot a spouting orca?
Yet recently, New Brunswick has gotten uppity, challenging B.C.'s cetacean overlordship. Why, some shady sources (like New Brunswick Tourism) claim that 12 species of whales do their summer feeding in the huge Bay of Fundy, currently Canada's finalist in the New 7Wonders of Nature campaign (www.votemyfundy.com). That total includes more than half the global population of endangered right whales.
So I was here to set the record straight. In this tail-smacking competition between Canada's largest Atlantic province and Canada's most self-congratulatory West Coast province, New Brunswick would surely be left blubbering.
Our 25-foot Zodiac Hurricane with nine passengers, piloted by David Welch of Fundy Tide Runners, sped across Passamaquoddy Bay's glassy surface with no minke, finback, or humpback whales in sight. Perhaps they were busy devouring herring and krill, or perhaps they'd sought employment in another province? Smugly, I relaxed in my orange survival suit, inhaling the salty breeze as we spotted diving eider ducks, perching cormorants, and leaping porpoises.
A whale-free hour passed. "Mother Nature is a fickle mistress," David said. But then, another boat radioed word of a minke sighting. Oh no! Scattering gulls, we zoomed past the spruce-laden shores of Campobello Island, home to the picturesque, red-roofed East Quoddy Head Lighthouse.
Ten minutes later, as our pace slowed off Eastport, Maine (the US's easternmost point), the fin of a 25-foot minke popped out of the water nearby. I gasped. The suddenness evoked ferocious Monstro in Disney's Pinocchio. However, our minke contented itself with surfacing repeatedly. "They do this for two reasons: to breathe, and to create the whale-watching industry," David quipped as the whale emitted 300-litre puffs of air.
When the minke skedaddled we spotted another of its brethren off Campobello, where a mature bald eagle was teaching a young one how to feed on the shore. The second minke circled for a while, offering some fine fin sightings before we headed back to the harbour.
I'd already observed twice as many minkes here in the Maritimes as I ever had in B.C. (And on another day, I might have seen a jaw-dropping 20 right whales near Grand Manan Island, like the guy sitting next to me on my New Brunswick flight.)
The rest of the day, I contented myself with small victories. Granted, it was remarkable that nearby Ministers Island, the site of Canadian Pacific Railroad president Sir William Van Horne's 1890's-built stately summer home, was only accessible by car via a sandbar at low tide. But at least Covenhoven's Douglas fir flooring all came from B.C.
Dinner was at Ossie's Lunch, a 1957-founded roadside stand, whose marquee promised "The Best Seafood in North America." Yeah? My heaping platter of fried clams and shrimp, washed down with a mocha milkshake, was calorifically delectable. Haute cuisine it wasn't. I could still fly the flag for Vancouver's Blue Water Cafe and Tojo's.
I feared the worst when overnighting at the classic Fairmont Algonquin Hotel in St. Andrew's by-the-Sea. While waitressing here once for a summer job, my aunt had dropped a dish of Lobster Newburg on a lady diner. Would this family transgression come back to haunt me?
Fortunately, at the elegant 224-room, Tudor-style hotel, there was no one left on staff from 1953. After breakfast, the front desk clerks happily provided directions to Saint John.
In Canada's oldest incorporated city, laden with heritage brick buildings, different marine marvels awaited. Beneath the roof of the 1876-founded Saint John City Market, resembling an inverted ship's keel, I discovered dulse, a signature New Brunswick specialty. Salty, dried seaweed might not sound (or taste) tantalizing at first. But ground up into a steak and salmon seasoning at the Slocum & Ferris delicatessen, dulse gets a lot better. I confessed I'd never bought kelp at Vancouver's 1979-created Granville Island Public Market.
Saint John scored more points at the Reversing Falls. It was weird water like I'd never seen in B.C. These rapids in a narrow gorge surge wildly in all directions, caused by the Saint John River clashing with the Bay of Fundy, whose tides - the world's highest - rise 28 feet here. Those with a taste for turbulence can take a thrilling jet boat ride through the cacophonous troughs overlooked by the steamspewing Irving Pulp & Paper Mill.
I opted for a sightseeing tour that skirted the wildest rapids, but still approached some frantic whirlpools. Cheerfully hyperactive captain Marc Gosselin dished out factoids as we toured the waterfront, touching on everything from Saint John's great fire of 1877 to its continuing production of newsprint for East Coast papers.
Before entering the Hall of Great Whales at the New Brunswick Museum, I announced to everyone within earshot: "B.C.'s got some great whales too!" Having done my duty, I goggled at a spectacular 13.6-metre model of a female right whale nicknamed Delilah (due to her love of male whale company).
Perusing the hall's displays of strange, looming bones, I became concerned that Ben Stiller's next Night at the Museum sequel might get filmed here instead of in Vancouver. The humpback whale skull and the lower jaw of a sperm whale were particularly haunting.
There was frankly more touchy-feelyness here than at Victoria's Royal BC Museum, too. I stroked baleen plates, the filtering system whales use while feeding, and donned gloves to handle the still-odorous skull of a porpoise.
Dead or alive, New Brunswick's marine marvels kept coming. The following day, on a motorboat-based tour of Kouchibouguac National Park, one hour northeast of Moncton, guide Camilla Vautour pointed out the redand-orange-tinged carcass of a minke whale on a sand dune bordering Northumberland Strait.
"It's the first beached carcass we've seen in four years," Vautour said. That raw sight was trumped by the spectacle of some 500 grey seals frolicking nearby in the ocean, too shy to come to shore, but curiously watching our party.
Two hours south, I paid a sunset visit to the beachfront Hopewell Rocks - towering, alien monoliths carved out of sandstone over millenia by the Bay of Fundy.
At low tide, you can walk among them right on the ocean floor. The rocks are often likened to flowerpots, but for me, Pac-Man and the feet of Imperial Walkers in Star Wars were among the images that sprang to mind.
When I hit Moncton's chic Catch22 Lobster Bar for dinner, feasting on a two-pound lobster and swigging Pump House Blueberry Ale laden with real blueberries, I exclaimed to fellow patrons: "I'd never do this back home!"
It was my second lobster meal of the day, a fitting finale to my visit. As much as I love my Lotus Land lifestyle, I had to admit I'd had a whale of a time in New Brunswick.
Fairmont Algonquin Hotel, St. Andrews by-the-Sea; 506-529-8823, www.fairmont.com/algonquin.
Delta Brunswick, Saint John; 506-648-1981, www.deltahotels.com.
Marriott Residence Inn, Moncton; 506-854-7100, www.marriott.com.
Fundy Tide Runners (May-October); 506-529-4481, www.fundytiderunners.com.
Ministers Island (May-October); 506-529-5081, www.ministersisland.net.
Saint John City Market; 506-658-2820, www.sjcitymarket.ca.
Slocum & Ferris; 506-652-2260, www.slocumandferris.com.
Reversing Falls Jet Boat Rides (June-October); 506-634-8987, www.jetboatrides.com.
New Brunswick Museum; 506-643-2349, www.nbm-mnb.ca.
Kouchibouguac National Park; 506-876-2443, www.pc.gc.ca.
The Hopewell Rocks (May-October); 1-877-734-3429, www.thehopewellrocks.ca.
Ossie's Lunch, Bethel; 506-755-2758. Opera Bistro, Saint John; 506-642-2822, www.operabistro.com.
Catch22 Lobster Bar, Moncton; 506-855-5335, www.catch22lobsterbar.com.
New Brunswick Tourism, www.tourismnewbrunswick.ca.
Spinning a whale of a tale; How do New Brunswick's marine marvels rate against B.C.'s?
When my two-hour whale-watching tour departed from St. Andrews by-the-Sea, New Brunswick on a foggy late September morning, my unbiased journalistic mission began: To stand up for the supremacy of British Columbia's ocean waters.


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Our National Prion Clinic (NPC)'s multidisciplinary team comprises consultant neurologists, clinical research fellows and clinical nurse specialists. We offer comprehensive assessment, diagnostic services and investigation for all forms of the disease including neuropsychology, neurophysiology, imaging, genetic testing, and tissue diagnosis. We are a mobile service that will visit patients throughout the UK at short notice, providing clinical expertise for a rare neurodegenerative disease.
Patients coming to London for an outpatient appointment will be seen at The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery at Cleveland Street - 25 Cleveland Street London W1T 4AJ.
We provide diagnosis and care for all forms of prion disease:
We accept referrals for all undiagnosed neurological conditions if there is a suspicion of prion disease.
Service statistics
The clinic receives approximately 12 new referrals a month. Families and local teams are contacted the day the referral is made and we aim to review new patients within a week.
Patient support services
Each patient is allocated a named nurse who will manage their care for the duration of their involvement in the clinic. Their nurse will be available via telephone or email, be present at their outpatient appointments, visit them at home, and attend case conferences as necessary.
All patients also have access to the support and advocacy service and can been seen by the clinical staff as an outpatient or in their own home.
Patient aftercare
We act as a support service to your local GP or hospital consultant. At their discretion we normally see patients and their families for the duration of the illness.
Dr Simon Mead Consultant
Patient enquiriesTelephone: 02076795142 / 02076795036
GP enquiriesTelephone: 020 3448 4037 / 020 3448 4038Fax: 020 3448 4046Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Trans fats have been in the news a lot recently. Have you retained the important facts? Test and refresh your knowledge with our Trans Fatty Quiz. We've thrown in some bonus questions on cholesterol as well (the answers appear below).
Trans Fatty Quiz
- What are trans fats?
- What is hydrogenation?
- What foods contain trans fats?
- How can I find out how much trans fat is in foods?
- What are the health reasons for avoiding trans fats?
- Why do trans fats appear so commonly in food?
- How can I avoid trans fats?
- What are the two types of cholesterol?
- What is the interplay of trans fats with cholesterol?
- Why should I be concerned about high blood cholesterol?
Bonus questions
1. Trans fats, sometimes referred to as trans fatty acids, are formed when vegetable and other liquid oils are processed by food manufacturers and made solid or into a more solid liquid (think of hard margarines or shortening). While the majority of trans fats appear in processed food, trans fats may also appear naturally in low quantities in some dairy and meat products.
2. Hydrogenation is the process by which liquid oils are made more solid. In more scientific terms, hydrogenation is the process by which unsaturated fat is processed to become more saturated - which helps to increase the shelf life of processed foods, but can be detrimental to your health. Unsaturated fats are thought to decrease cholesterol levels in your blood and are found at high levels in vegetable oils (olive oil, canola, etc.) As a general rule, at room temperature, unsaturated fats are liquid. So what's wrong with saturated fat? Saturated fat poses the highest risk for the development of atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries) and ensuing cardiovascular problems.
3. As mentioned in Answer #1, trans fats appear primarily in processed foods. These foods include commercially baked goods (e.g., crackers, cookies, cakes), fried foods (e.g., chips, french fries), hard margarines, and shortening. And be aware of fried foods in restaurants because these often contain added trans fats (as restaurants often use margarines and shortenings to prepare food). Naturally occurring trans fats appear in some meats and dairy products.
4. To find out how much trans fat is in the food you're eating, check the nutrition label. Canadian food manufacturers are now required to list the trans fat content on the labels of most pre-packaged foods. Look at the nutrition label under "fat" and you will see a listing for "trans fats." This listing will tell you how much trans fat each serving contains.
5. Consuming large amounts of trans fats increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. With the widespread appearance of trans fats in (and other fats) our diet, the average North American currently eats approximately five times the recommended daily allowance of bad dietary fats, including trans fats.
6. Food manufacturers use hydrogenated oils to add shelf life to their products (think of packaged cookies and crackers which last a long time) and often add a "better" texture to the food (such as flakier pie shells, or a more spreadable dip or topping). At present, some food manufacturers are working to eliminate trans fats from their recipes and offer healthier products.
7. Inform yourself! Remember that processed and fried foods should be avoided. Use liquid (not solid) oils to cook foods at home (such as olive, canola, or corn oils). And as always, choose fresh, low-fat food for your meals.
Bonus answers
8. There are two types of cholesterol found in your blood. The "bad" cholesterol is called low density lipoprotein (LDL). While certain levels of LDL are required for cell production and cell repair, too much LDL can spell trouble in the form of cardiovascular disease. The other type of cholesterol is the "good" cholesterol - high density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL helps remove extra LDL from our blood vessels and can help protect against hardening of the arteries.
9. Studies show that trans fats contribute to increases of blood LDL cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol). In addition, some studies also show that trans fats may decrease the levels of "good" cholesterol - HDL cholesterol.
10. As mentioned in Answer #8, high levels of blood cholesterol (LDL) present an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease.
So, how'd you fare?
0 to 3 correct answers: Good for you for taking the time to learn more about trans fats! We hope you've gained some knowledge.
4 to 7 correct answers: You're on the road to being a "trans fatty expert."
8 to 10 correct answers: You know how to avoid trans fats, but that's only half the battle - we hope you put it into practice!


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| The
Presidents of
the University of Chicago
A Centennial View
|page 1 of 3| « previous | next »
George W. Beadle
Growth and turbulence marked the Beadle years, which were period of intense change for universities across the country. While strident calls were being made for universities to become centers for social and political action, the University of Chicago held steady to its traditional values of research and intellectual excellence, insisting that its role was to advance knowledge.
After the retrenchment of the Kimpton administration, George Wells Beadle presided over an impressive period of growth for the University. The faculty increased in numbers from 860 to 1080, full professors from 345 to 433, average salaries increased 50 percent, and total campus expenditures doubled. A three year development campaign reached its goal of $160 million. New buildings were constructed for high energy physics, astrophysics, the children's hospital, and the School of Social Service Administration; new facilities were planned for geophysics and life sciences. In many ways the Joseph Regenstein Library, built in the middle of the old football field, stood as a symbol of the University's highest goals, serving to assist basic research in many disciplines and to bring their resources under one roof.
Born near Wahoo, Nebraska, Beadle remained first to last a farmer at heart. In college he took up the new field of genetics, which was soon to revolutionize not only plant breeding but the entire understanding of biological reproduction. Along with Edward L. Tatum, he established the relationship between genes and enzymes in the bread mold Neurospora, which would earn him a Nobel prize. While president of the University of Chicago, he grew corn behind his house and in other plots near campus and was occasionally mistaken for a University gardener.
|page 1 of 3| « previous | next »


text:
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Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
Print version ISSN 0100-879XOn-line version ISSN 1414-431X
Braz J Med Biol Res vol. 31 n. 12 Ribeirão Preto Dec. 1998
Braz J Med Biol Res, December 1998, Volume 31(12) 1517-1527
Food, mood and health: a neurobiologic outlook
C. Prasad
Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, LSU Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
Correspondence and Footnotes
Hippocrates was the first to suggest the healing power of food; however, it was not until the medieval ages that food was considered a tool to modify temperament and mood, although scientific methods as we know them today were not in use at the time. Modern scientific methods in neuroscience began to emerge much later, leading investigators to examine the role of diet in health, including mental well-being, with greater precision. This review shows how short- and long-term forced dietary interventions bring about changes in brain structure, chemistry, and physiology, leading to altered animal behavior. Examples will be presented to show how diets alter brain chemistry, behavior, and the action of neuroactive drugs. Most humans and most animal species examined in a controlled setting exhibit a fairly reproducible pattern of what and how they eat. Recent data suggest that these patterns may be under the neurochemical and hormonal control of the organisms themselves. Other data show that in many instances food may be used unconsciously to regulate mood by seemingly normal subjects as well as those undergoing drug withdrawal or experiencing seasonal affective disorders and obesity-related social withdrawal. We will discuss specific examples that illustrate that manipulation of dietary preference is actually an attempt to correct neurochemical make-up.
Key words: food peptides, dietary carbohydrate and serotonin, neurotransmitter precursors
Modern medical science has made imposing progress in understanding the role of dietary nutrients - both macro- and micronutrients - in the maintenance of normal health and in the prevention of diseases like scurvy, pellagra, marasmus, Kwashiorkor, and many others. In the last few decades, an impressive volume of research has been performed and scholarly articles have been written on the role of nutrition in brain development and mental health (1). I doubt that many scientists today would disagree that nutrition plays a critical role in prenatal and early postnatal development of the brain at all levels, including structural, chemical, pharmacologic, and functional. This review bypasses discussions related to the role of nutrition in the developmental maturation of the brain and focuses instead on the role nutrition may play in the restructuring and functional modulation of the adult brain.
When we speak of nutrition and health, we generally think of nutrition in relation to the prevention or even treatment of cancer or of obesity and related disorders. This is merely a reflection of the fact that not only have we learned a great deal about the role of diet in cancer and obesity, but that such discoveries make for popular reading and that the news media are very interested in them. Most of us, however, rarely relate diet and nutrition to mental health. Only recently have we realized the potential of certain dietary nutrients and supplements (macronutrients, antioxidant vitamins, and minerals) in the control of bodily functions, including mental performance (2). This is supported by the fact that in the Western world alone, contemporary interest in maintaining and enhancing both body and mind through diet and dietary supplementation has generated a multibillion dollar industry.
However, the use of diet to enhance mental function is not a recent phenomenon. The concept that food can help or hinder health was known and used by physician priests at the time of Aesculapius and centuries before (3). The use of nutrition in patient care also was a common practice at the time of Hippocrates. This is evident from one version of the physician's oath by Hippocrates, part of which reads as follows: "I will apply dietetic measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harm and injustice". Medical nutrition was at its pinnacle during the Middle Ages, when it was common to prescribe diet therapy as the sole treatment or as an adjuvant to standard medication and surgery for a disease. Maimonides or Moses ben Maimon (1135-1204), the philosopher, rabbi, and physician, advocated that any illness curable by diet alone should not otherwise be treated (3). In the medieval holistic view of nature, mood was thought to be modulated by foods. The assertive relationship between food and mood is documented in many medical culinary textbooks of the period; unfortunately, most are written in medieval Latin, Hebrew, Arabic, and early English dialects, with few English translations. For medieval man, every food item was important since it was associated with good or bad effects that might be immediate or delayed. Such effects were related to the food itself rather than to its caloric density and composition. For example, some foods were considered erotic stimulants (eggs, peacock, beef, pomegranates, apples); others were used as mood enhancers (quince, dates, elderberries) or tranquilizers (lettuce, purslane, chicory).
Twentieth century literature on the impact of diet and nutrition on mental health and behavior is laced with controversial reports, particularly when they involve investigations on human subjects. The reasons for such controversies are many. Often, overenthusiastic scientists and news-starved media are too eager to jump to far-reaching conclusions based on often soft or preliminary data. Many times, anecdotal data creep into scientific literature and with time come to be viewed as truth. Additionally, it is often expensive and difficult to run well-designed long-term human nutritional trials, making it difficult to support or refute anecdotal observations circulating in the literature. I must mention, however, that there are some excellent short-term human trials that have examined the role of diet in human behavior. I will discuss some of these studies later in this review. On the other hand, a wealth of information emerging from animal studies unequivocally suggests a role for diet, nutrition and nutritional supplements in modulating not only brain chemistry and behavior but possibly the structural elements of the brain.
Dietary influences on brain chemistry
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are basic units of chemical communication within the nervous system. These include a variety of phenethylamines and their derivatives (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, tyramine, octopamine, and tetrahydroisoquinolines), indoleamines (serotonin, melatonin, and tryptamine), cholinergics (acetylcholine and choline), amino acids and their derivatives (glutamate, aspartate, glycine, taurine, histamine and gamma-amino butyric acid), nucleosides (adenosine and inosine), hormones (prostaglandins, corticosteroids, estrogen, testosterone, thyroid hormone and many others), and peptides (enkephalin, endorphin, substance P, cholecystokinin, somatostatin, cyclo (His-Pro), thyrotropin releasing hormone and many others). Most of these are synthesized de novo using precursors provided by the food that we eat and thus are under direct influence of the diet. As an example, I will discuss the role of dietary protein and carbohydrate in the synthesis of serotonin, a neurotransmitter ubiquitous throughout the nervous system.
A carbohydrate-rich/protein-poor diet increases and a protein-rich diet decreases brain serotonin synthesis. The following is an explanation of the biochemical basis for the dietary control of serotonin synthesis. The synthesis of serotonin in the brain is limited by the availability of tryptophan. The large neutral amino acids (LNAA), tryptophan, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, share the same transport carrier across the blood-brain barrier (4). At physiologic blood amino acid concentrations, there is competition for available carrier sites. Therefore, the transport of blood tryptophan into the brain is proportional to the ratio of its concentration to that of the sum total of other LNAA (4). Consumption of a protein-rich meal raises the blood level of many amino acids. Tryptophan is one of the least common amino acids in dietary protein. Therefore, a protein-rich meal contributes proportionately more competing LNAAs than tryptophan, resulting in reduced entry of tryptophan into the brain and reduced serotonin synthesis.
Conversely, a carbohydrate-rich meal can also alter blood amino acid levels (5). This effect is mediated by the action of insulin, which promotes the uptake of most amino acids by muscle, which accounts for >45% of lean body weight. Muscle metabolizes branch-chain amino acids, thereby lowering their concentration in the blood. Plasma tryptophan levels are unaltered by carbohydrate consumption, and insulin does not promote the net uptake of tryptophan into muscle because this amino acid is largely bound to low-affinity, high-capacity sites on albumin. Normally, 75 to 85% of plasma tryptophan is bound to albumin. When insulin is secreted, the plasma levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) fall because insulin promotes uptake of NEFAs by adipocytes. NEFAs also are adsorbed on circulating albumin, thereby increasing the number of sites available on albumin for binding tryptophan. This rise in bound tryptophan compensates for the slight fall in plasma free tryptophan caused by insulin-mediated uptake of amino acids by muscle. The total amount of tryptophan in plasma (bound plus free) determines the rate of transport of tryptophan into the brain because the affinity of the transport system for tryptophan is much greater than the affinity of albumin for tryptophan. Thus, ingestion of a high-carbohydrate/low-protein meal facilitates entry of tryptophan into the brain (6).
Once in the brain, tryptophan undergoes a series of enzymatic reactions, resulting in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin. The first (and the rate-limiting) step in the conversion of tryptophan to serotonin is hydroxylation of tryptophan by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase, a low-affinity (Km = 0.4 mM) enzyme that is abundant in the brain. Accordingly, whenever the brain tryptophan level rises, more serotonin is produced (7). Rats fed or injected with tryptophan have higher brain serotonin levels than do controls. Conversely, rats fed a corn diet (tryptophan-poor) have low levels of brain serotonin (8).
Neuroactive substances in food
Many of the neurotransmitter substances discussed above are present in our foods and, therefore, can directly influence brain chemistry. Here I talk about food-borne neurotransmitters/neuromodulators. Long ago, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, said," Let your food be your medicine, and your medicine be your food". The coming century holds great promise and the opportunities to test the accuracy of this statement. Epidemiologic studies over the last sixty years have clearly linked diet and lifestyle with cancer and cardiovascular diseases (9). In these studies, the disease-modulating activity of food has generally been associated with caloric density or macronutrient composition. For example, a diet high in fat has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and atherosclerosis. However, new knowledge, some anecdotal and some scientific, about mental health and foods has just begun to emerge (10); antioxidant vitamins and minerals, for example, are thought to attenuate progression of neurodegenerative diseases and seizure. Such effects of foods are more likely to be associated with the presence of neuroactive substances in foods rather than with their caloric density. This section will provide a very brief overview of the types of neuroactive substances found in food.
Serotonin is a chemical the brain produces from tryptophan. Where do we get tryptophan? From the protein in our food. Brain serotonin controls many different types of bodily functions, including appetite, body temperature, libido, and mood, to name a few. Some of the foods rich in serotonin and tryptophan include clams, oysters, escargots, octopus, squids, banana, pineapple, plum, nuts, milk, and turkey.
Cyclo(His-Pro) or CHP has profound effects on satiety, hunger, and behavior (11). Chemical substances like CHP are common in fermented foods or foods containing hydrolyzed proteins. For example, high levels of CHP are found in nutritional supplements derived from the hydrolysis of casein, a milk protein, and from soy protein. During a search for CHP in food, we found that many protein-derived processed foods contain copious levels of CHP. These included nutritional supplements (e.g., Ensure Plus and Two Cal HN), shrimp, tuna, and a variety of other food products (11). Other foods rich in CHP include milk, yogurt, and buttermilk (11).
Like CHP, cholecystokinin (CCK) is also found naturally in our brain and gut. Soon after we begin to eat, CCK begins to be released from our gut. When the blood level of CCK rises to a critical level, we feel satiated and stop eating (12). The release of CCK after satiety has been achieved is terminated by the action of trypsin on gut cells (13,14). For that reason there is now substantial interest in developing CCK as a drug for appetite control. Unfortunately, large doses of CCK act on sites in the brain that control anxiety and panic behavior (15). One solution to this problem might be the use of food rich in CCK. Unfortunately, to date we know of no such natural food. This does not mean CCK does not exist in natural foods, only that no one has taken time to screen common foods for this peptide. Meanwhile, there are data to suggest that the use of certain foods to increase blood CCK levels may be possible. For example, many animal and human studies show that a diet containing soy protein, a rich source of trypsin inhibitor, may increase circulating level of CCK. Actually, any food rich in trypsin inhibitors should result in increased CCK secretion and early satiety.
Two other food-derived substances must be mentioned here. The first is peptone broth, a great stimulus for CCK secretion. The second is phenylalanine, a natural amino acid that comes from digestion of protein-rich foods such as casein or soy protein. Phenylalanine has been shown to be a potent stimulant of gut CCK release in human and animal studies (16), as well as a powerful inhibitor of food intake in hungry human subjects.
Exorphins (exo = exogenous or from outside, orphin = morphin, an opium), the opposite of endorphins, are a family of food-derived peptides that act on brain opiate receptors. Dr. Werner Klee of the National Institutes of Health has shown that when pepsin, an enzyme found in stomach, acts on casein (a milk protein), it generates many peptides, some of which interact with opium receptors in the brain; he called these peptides" casomorphins" (17). Today we know of many peptides that come from gluten (a wheat protein), zein (a corn protein) and casein and act as opium antagonists, which, in addition to being appetite suppressants, affect a variety of other central nervous system functions, including mood.
Heterocyclic amines
These amines comprise a family of bioactive substances in food that are not endogenous to food but are produced during its preparation or processing. Earlier I talked about the high levels of CHP in protein-derived nutritional supplements like Ensure Plus that are produced by a combination of enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins and heat treatment. I also must mention two heterocyclic amines (18) that are products of tryptophan pyrolysis and that are present in meat and fish cooked on an open flame; these were identified as 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyridol[4,3-b] indole (Trp-P-1) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyridol[4,3-b] indole (Trp-P-2). These compounds are related to ß-carbolines with structures similar to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a man-made agent known to cause Parkinson's disease. Functionally, however, they are quite opposite to MPTP. Systemic administration of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 to mice caused a marked increase in the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) and a decrease in DA metabolites in the brain, suggesting inhibition of enzyme monoamine oxidase in vivo. These data suggest the possibility of altering DA-dependent behaviors following consumption of foods containing these heterocyclic amines.
Human studies - from anecdote to sound science
Since long-term controlled clinical studies on the effects of diet on human behavior are logistically difficult to conduct, most published studies are either anecdotal in nature or epidemiologic and plagued with poor design. Epidemiologic studies generally require subjects - or sometimes an acquaintance of the subject - to fill out questionnaires that involve recalling past events, a potential source of error. This is the major reason for inconsistencies in the conclusions of different reports. Despite these problems, a careful meta-analysis of such research often yields a fairly accurate idea of the role diet may play in human behavior. Let's take a specific example: much has been written about the alleged relationship between refined sugars in the diet and hyperactivity in children and criminality in adults. Some of these studies suggest that excessive ingestion of simple sugars (i.e., sucrose and glucose that can be present in granulated sugar, cookies, cereals, chocolates, and sweets) has profound effects on human physiology, behavior, and intellectual functions (19). Other studies have found no effect on blood glucose regulation, mood, bodily symptoms, or cognitive function in persons reporting two or more years of heavy consumption of refined sugar (20-22). The truth probably lies somewhere between these extremes. The behavioral sensitivity to sugar and other dietary constituents may vary from individual to individual, and the effects on behavior may be more subtle than many investigators realize or wish to acknowledge.
In contrast, dietary supplements capable of having direct effects on brain neurotransmitter make-up may exert profound effects on human behavior. These include substances that act as neurotransmitter precursors (e.g., tyrosine, tryptophan, choline, and lecithin) or modulators of post-receptor events (e.g., caffeine). The different behavioral effects of diet and dietary supplements on humans involve changes in sleep patterns, perception of pain, and mood, to name a few.
The amino acid composition of a single meal designed to affect brain tryptophan availability has been shown to modulate sleep behavior in newborns (23). Similarly, many studies conducted on adult humans receiving various dosages of tryptophan by different routes of administration (10-500 mg/kg, orally, to much lower intravenous doses) show that tryptophan increases drowsiness and feelings of fatigue and lethargy (24-27). In healthy female adult humans (28), one week of daily consumption of a low-carbohydrate diet (50 g/day) caused a significant increase in REM sleep latency (66 ± 8 to 111 ± 38, P<0.05). In contrast, when the relationship between a 5-day self reported dietary history and the response to a sleep questionnaire was analyzed, no link between sleep and diet was found in adults (29). This suggests that it may be necessary to use high levels of a dietary supplement or to institute major dietary changes to see an effect on behavior.
Pain perception
In a controlled double-blind crossover study, 50 mg/kg oral tryptophan reduced pain sensitivity to moderate but not to very mild or very painful stimuli (25). In a double-blind study, patients with chronic maxillofacial pain reported a 50% reduction in pain after 4 weeks of a high-carbohydrate diet and 3 g oral tryptophan daily; in contrast, the placebo group reported only a 20% reduction in pain (30). In another study, tryptophan-treated patients undergoing rhizotomy and cordotomy also reported a reduction in chronic pain (31). In a preliminary study, tryptophan has also been shown to potentiate electrically induced endorphin analgesia (32).
The association between food intake or eating patterns and mood is of great interest to scientists and lay persons alike. In addition to an abundance of anecdotal reports in the literature, there is considerable scientific evidence demonstrating that food influences mood and performance. It has been suggested that many patients consume large quantities of carbohydrate-rich food (33-37) to elevate their mood; these include those diagnosed with conditions with a significant depressive component such as seasonal affective disorder (or winter depression), premenstrual stress syndrome, or nicotine withdrawal. Consumption of carbohydrate-rich food may elevate mood in such individuals by raising brain serotonin levels. Dexfenfluramine, an agent known to facilitate brain serotoninergic activity, is also known to elevate mood state in all of the above-mentioned conditions. Incidentally, vitamin D3 has been shown to enhance mood in healthy subjects prone to winter depression (38). It remains to be seen whether vitamin D3 acts by raising brain serotonin levels or through some other mechanism.
The relationship between food and mood in seemingly normal individuals is not a simple one but instead depends on the time of day, the type and macronutrient composition of food, the amount of food consumed, and the age and dietary history of the subject (39). For example, while skipping breakfast impairs cognitive performance (40), a larger-than-normal breakfast improves recall performance but impairs concentration (41). Furthermore, changes in the macronutrient composition of breakfast have differential effects on mood (42). For example, changes in mood have been produced most effectively by raising brain serotonin levels by administering tryptophan or by supplementing a carbohydrate-rich/protein-poor diet with tryptophan (43). I have discussed the theoretical basis for this approach in greater detail earlier.
Dietary influences on animal behavior - a road to human studies
While there is no doubt that our ultimate goal is to understand how diet and nutrition can affect human mood and health, such knowledge is difficult to come by for reasons discussed earlier. Animal studies designed to study the effect of food on mood, then, are the gateway to future human study. Here, I summarize the results of some of the animal studies conducted over the years in my laboratory on the role of dietary macronutrients in brain structure, chemistry, and behavior in adult animals.
Both undernutrition and overnutrition in preweaning rats result in long-lasting functional changes in the brain. The effects of protein undernutrition on behavior, brain development, and intellectual function are well known (2,44). Unfortunately, there are far fewer studies on the effect of long-term excess consumption of any macronutrient - particularly protein - on the brain. Some reported studies on the effect of protein overnutrition on behavior are not rigorous in design and data analysis. For example, it has been reported that adult rats consuming a high-protein diet become more easily frightened and "snappish" (45). A few years ago, we undertook a series of studies to evaluate the effect of long-term (20-36 weeks) consumption of isocaloric high (50% of total calories; HP)-, moderate (20% of total calories; MP)-, and low-protein (5% of total calories; LP) diets on a variety of behavioral measures. These included the adhesive patch test and negative geotaxis commonly used to evaluate sensorimotor function; locomotor activity and stereotypy as measures of ambulatory and searching behavior; the tail-flick test for nociception, and the elevated plus-maze test as a measure of anxiety and aversive behavior. The HP group was more responsive compared with the MP or LP groups in sensorimotor function, negative geotaxis, and spontaneous locomotor activity (46). In addition, the HP group exhibited reduced aversion as measured by the elevated plus-maze test of anxiety and hyperalgesia as shown by tail-flick reaction time (46). These data suggested that long-term consumption of an HP diet may lead to hyperactivity and hyperresponsiveness to the environment, a change that may not always be desirable. In a separate study, we examined whether the HP diet had any effect on learning, memory, and sensory discrimination. The results of these studies showed the following: in the swim cylinder of Porsolt, which tests adaptation to stress, HP rats were significantly less able than was the control group (MP rats) to develop an effective coping strategy (47); during the recording of auditory-evoked responses to deviant tones, short-term auditory memory traces degraded more quickly in the HP rats (47), and finally, in the Morris water maze, diet had no significant effect on acquisition and recall of spatial information (47). These data suggest that a long-term HP diet may precipitate a deficit in short-term but not long-term memory and a diminution in the ability to cope with acute stress.
A review of the literature indicates that a number of food constituents (e.g., dietary macronutrients and neurotransmitter amino acid precursors) as well as food deprivation may modulate development of tolerance and physical dependence and influence self-administration of several drugs of abuse in animals (48). In an effort to examine further the nature of neuronal changes responsible for perturbation of spontaneous unprovoked motor behavior in animals consuming the HP diet, we examined the sensitivity of HP, MP, and LP mice to a variety of neurotropic agents such as amphetamine, apomorphine, haloperidol, etc. The following is a summary of our studies on amphetamine. Adult ICR mice were put on HP, MP, or LP diets for 35 weeks. At the end of this period, all mice were tested for spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) and stereotypic behavior (SB) after administration of vehicle or amphetamine (0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg). Both SLA and SB, in the absence of amphetamine, increased with increasing levels of protein in the diet (49). Mice on the LP but not the MP or HP diets increased SLA and SB on low-dose (0.1 mg/kg) amphetamine. Mice on HP but not LP or MP diets, however, failed to respond to high-dose amphetamine (1 mg/kg). These data suggest that long-term consumption of an HP diet not only may lead to hyperactivity and hyperresponsiveness to the environment but may attenuate neuronal sensitivity to amphetamine and possibly other drugs of abuse. It is generally accepted that amphetamine-induced locomotion is mediated by mesolimbic DAergic neurons, whereas stereotypy is associated with nigrostriatal neurons (49). Furthermore, there is abundant evidence that DA alone is largely responsible for the effect of amphetamine on SLA and SB. Therefore, it seems that a long-term HP diet may modulate multiple DAergic pathways in the brain; it is not clear how the HP diet may affect other neuronal systems. To gain further insight into the effect of dietary protein on the neurochemical make-up of the brain, we examined the distribution of DA, DA-metabolites (dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA)), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the brains of rats consuming LP, MP, and HP diets for 36 weeks. Here I discuss only the data on DA and its metabolites.
In the substantia nigra, the striatum, and the dentate gyrus, DA levels decreased and increased, respectively, with a decrease and increase in dietary protein (P<0.05 compared with the MP diet) (50). The nigrostriatal system is important to a number of behaviors related to sensorimotor integration and response initiation, including extrapyramidal movement, aphagia and adipsia, emesis, and stereotypy (51-55). Our behavioral studies have shown that the HP diet produces hyperactivity. These neurochemical data suggest that an increase in DA in the nigrostriatal system may contribute to behavioral hyperactivity in HP rats. In the mesolimbic system, dietary manipulation had the most marked effect on DA metabolism. There was a diminution in amygdala DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA ratios in the rats on the HP diet, suggesting a decrease in the firing of DAergic neurons in this region. DA transmission in this region is implicated in emotion, sexual behavior, and the reward properties of many drugs of abuse (56-59). Therefore, it is conceivable that reduced sensitivity to SLA and SB after amphetamine administration to HP rats may be related to changes in DA metabolism.
In addition to its neurochemical and behavioral effects, the level of protein in the diet has also been shown to have a profound effect on food intake, body weight, and body composition. For example, White et al. (60) have recently shown that rats given a low-protein (5%) diet for only 11 days, compared with those on a 20%-protein diet, increased NPY gene expression in the hypothalamus, resulting in augmented caloric intake. In rats on 5% protein, while their average daily food intake was increased by 20%, their body weight gain was severely attenuated, and body composition analysis revealed increased water retention, decreased body protein, and increased body fat. While these studies underscore the effect of a low-protein diet-mediated increase in NPY gene expression on appetite, other behavioral consequences associated with increased NPY remain to be elucidated.
Concluding remarks
Proteins, carbohydrates and fats - the major constituents of our diet - serve not only as an energy source but as precursors to a variety of neuroactive substances. The so-called minor constituents of food - minerals and vitamins - are just now being recognized for their many nontraditional functions (e.g., as antioxidants) in health maintenance and promotion. In addition, food is a rich source of many bioactive substances like amino acids, peptides, and others. While some of these bioactive substances (CHP, casomorphins, and a variety of other substances capable of interacting directly with neurotransmitter receptors) can have a direct effect on neuronal functions, others serve as precursors (tryptophan, tyrosine, etc.) or modulators (heterocyclic amines, phenylalanine, etc.) of classical neurotransmitters (DA, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, endorphin, etc.). Furthermore, the use of neurotransmitter precursors as dietary supplements in both humans and animals has shown profound effects on neurochemistry and behavior.
Food and dietary supplements, if used properly and wisely, may help us live healthier lives. Although ingestion of minute amounts of any given compound through food may not have any good or bad consequences, a variety of foods in combination may indeed affect mood and health. Some of these substances, such as peptides, are naturally present in food (e.g., CHP in shrimp and tuna), whereas others arise from in vivo digestion of food (e.g., opiate antagonists from casein in milk) or from the use of protein hydrolysates as food (e.g., Ensure from casein and soy protein).
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42. Lloyd HM, Rogers PJ, Hedderley DI & Walker AF (1996). Acute effects on mood and cognitive performance of breakfasts differing in fat and carbohydrate content. Appetite, 27: 151-164. [ Links ]
43. Spring B, Chiodo J & Bowen DJ (1987). Carbohydrates, tryptophan and behavior: a methodological review. Psychological Bulletin, 102: 234-256. [ Links ]
44. Spring B (1986). Effects of foods and nutrients on the behavior of normal individuals. In: Wurtman RJ & Wurtman JJ (Editors), Nutrition and the Brain. Raven Press, New York, 1-47. [ Links ]
45. Sos J & Szelenyi I (1974). Diets for animal experiments. Akademiai Kiado, 38-39. [ Links ]
46. Onaivi ES, Brock JW & Prasad C (1992). Dietary protein levels alter rat behavior. Nutrition Research, 12: 1025-1039. [ Links ]
47. Brock JW, Ross K & Prasad C (1998). Effects of high dietary protein on coping behavior, memory performance, and sensory discrimination in rats. Nutritional Neuroscience, 1: 305-314. [ Links ]
48. Asghar K (1987). Role of dietary and environmental factors in drug abuse. Alcohol and Drug Research, 7: 63-81. [ Links ]
49. Onaivi ES, Talton S & Prasad C (1993). The level of protein in diet modulates the behavioral effects of amphetamine. In: Lehnert H, Murison R, Weiner H, Hellhammer D & Beyer J (Editors), Endocrine and Nutritional Control of Basic Biological Functions. Hogrefer & Huber Publishers, Toronto, 287-292.
50. Farooqui SM, Brock JW, Onaivi ES, Hamdi A & Prasad C (1994). Differential modulation of dopaminergic systems in the rat brain by dietary protein. Neurochemical Research, 19: 167-176. [ Links ]
51. Bartholini G, Stadler H, Gadea-Ciria M & Lloyd KG (1977). Interaction of dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons in the extrapyramidal and limbic systems. In: Costa E & Gessa GL (Editors), Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology. Raven Press, New York, 391-395. [ Links ]
52. German DC, Manaye K, Smith WK, Woodward DJ & Saper CB (1989). Midbrain dopaminergic cell loss in Parkinson's disease: computer visualization. Annals of Neurology, 26: 507-514.
53. Le Moal M & Simon H (1991). Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic network: functional and regulatory roles. Physiological Reviews, 71: 155-234. [ Links ]
54. Munkvad I, Pakkenberg H & Randrup A (1968). Aminergic systems in basal ganglia associated with stereotyped hyperactive behavior and catalepsy. Brain Behavior and Evolution, 1: 89-100. [ Links ]
55. Niemegeers CJE, McGuire JL & Janssen PAJ (1978). Domperidone, a novel gastrokinetic drug. Pharmacologist, 20: 209.
56. Carboni E, Imperato A, Perezzani L & Di Chiara G (1989). Amphetamine, cocaine, phencyclidine, and nomifensine increase extracellular dopamine concentrations preferentially in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats. Neuroscience, 28: 653-661. [ Links ]
57. Damsma G, Wenkstern D, Pfaus JG, Phillips AG & Fibiger HC (1992). Sexual behavior increases dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of male rats: comparison with novelty and locomotion. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106: 181-191. [ Links ]
58. Louilot A, Taghzouti K, Simon H & Le Moal M (1989). Limbic system, basal ganglia, and dopaminergic neurons. Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 33: 157-161. [ Links ]
59. Weiss JM, Goodman PA, Losito BG, Corrigan S, Charry JM & Bailey WH (1981). Behavioral depression produced by an uncontrollable stressor: relationship to norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin levels in various regions of rat brain. Brain Research Reviews, 3: 167-205.
60. White BD, Dean RG & Martin RJ (1998). An association between low levels of dietary protein, elevated NPY gene expression in the basomedial hypothalamus and increased food intake. Nutritional Neuroscience, 1: 173-182. [ Links ]
Address for correspondence: C. Prasad, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, 1542 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Fax: +1-504-568-4159. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Presented at the XIII Annual Meeting of the Federação de Sociedades de Biologia Experimental, Caxambu, MG, Brasil, August 26-29, 1998. Received September 1, 1998. Accepted October 2, 1988.


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Import into CVS
Use this dialog to import a directory into the specified CVS repository.
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Akron holds off Ball State 72-68
MUNCIE, Ind. (AP) — Quincy Diggs scored 21 points and Akron held on to defeat Ball State 72-68 in the Mid-American Conference opener for both teams Wednesday night.
Chris Bond made a 3-pointer for Ball State with 2.7 seconds remaining to cut the difference to three, 71-68. Akron's Nick Harney made one free throw and the Cardinals missed a long 3-point attempt to close out the game.
The score was tied up at 45 with 11:46 to go, and Ball State took its first lead of the game at 47-45. The Zips (9-5, 1-0) responded with a 7-0 run to go up 52-47.
Akron finished 17 of 24 on free throws, and 10 of its final 16 points came from the line. The Zips combined for 29 personal fouls, which led to 26 points for Ball State (3-9, 0-1).
Bond led the Cardinals with 18 points, including 9 of 10 on free-throw shooting.


text:
To apply a patch to a specified non-global zone only, the SUNW_PKG_ALLZONES package parameter for all packages in the patch set must be set
to false.
You must be the zone administrator in the non-global zone to perform
this procedure.
Log in to the non-global zone as the zone administrator.
While in the non-global zone, my-zone in this procedure, execute the patchadd command
followed by the patch ID.
my-zone# patchadd patch_id


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Search within Results
Herman Miller Twin Bed
This Twin Bed, in the collection of The Henry Ford, consists of a headboard and footboard made of wood with Honduras mahogany veneer and sides boards in dark wood. The headboard is carved with gilt decoration on the top whereas the footboard has a gilt, cut out design. Four light wood slats come with the piece. The designer of this piece is unknown. Herman Miller Trade Name: Twin Bed Herman Miller Series: Georgian Group, Chippendale Product Number: 3389
Herman Miller Buffet
This Sideboard, in the collection of the New Jersey Historical Society, has slab wood legs which support the mansonia veneered front, sides, and top. The piece has tow door with circular plastic and steel door pulls. There are also two drawers with circular plastic and steel drawer pulls. Herman Miller Trade Name: Buffet Herman Miller Series: Formal Dining Room Product Number: 5207


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Warm Chocolate Cakes with Mascarpone Cream
In his riff on Black Forest cake, a favorite dessert of his father's, Hosea Rosenberg tops individual cakes with mascarpone cream instead of whipped cream and luscious brandied cherries instead of jarred.
Yields: 6
Total Time: 0 hours 45 mins
8 oz. bittersweet chocolate, plus shavings for garnish
1 1/2 stick unsalted butter
3 large eggs
3 large large egg yolks
1/2 c. sugar
1/4 c. cake flour
1/2 c. heavy cream
1/2 vanilla bean
2 tbsp. light brown sugar
1/2 tsp. finely grated lemon zest
1 c. mascarpone
1 tsp. fresh lemon juice
1/2 c. brandied cherries or kirsch-soaked sour cherries
- Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F. Coat six 6-ounce ramekins with butter, and dust lightly with flour. Set the ramekins on a sturdy baking sheet. In a microwave-safe bowl, melt the chocolate with the butter; let cool.
- In the bowl of a standing electric mixer fitted with the whisk, beat the eggs, yolks, and sugar on high speed until pale and fluffy, about 4 minutes. Using a rubber spatula, gently fold in the chocolate, then fold in the cake flour just until no streaks remain.
- Spoon the batter into the prepared ramekins and bake for 15 minutes, until the cakes have risen, the tops are dry and the centers are slightly jiggly. Let stand for 5 minutes.
- In a bowl, beat the cream with the vanilla seeds, brown sugar, and lemon zest until soft peaks form. Add the mascarpone and lemon juice and beat until blended.
- Run the tip of a small knife around each cake to loosen it, then unmold onto plates. Spoon the mascarpone cream onto the cakes and garnish with the brandied cherries and chocolate shavings.
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Istanbul's Grand Bazaar
By Rick Steves, Lale Surmen Aran, and Tankut Aran
Sprawling over a huge area in the city center, Kapali Çarsi (kah-pah-luh chahr-shuh; "Covered Market") was the first shopping mall ever built. During Byzantine times, this was the site of a bustling market; when the Ottomans arrived, it grew bigger and more diverse. The prime location attracted guilds, manufacturers, and traders, and it grew quickly — its separate chunks were eventually connected and roofed to form a single market hall. Before long, the Grand Bazaar became the center for trade in the entire Ottoman Empire. At its prime, the market was locked down and guarded by more than a hundred soldiers every night, like a fortified castle.
The Grand Bazaar remained Turkey's commercial hub — for both locals and international traders — through the 1950s. Its 4,000 shops were bursting with everything you can imagine, from jewelry to silk clothing, and traditional copperware to exotic, Oriental imports. But then the Grand Bazaar was discovered by travelers seeking the ultimate "Oriental market" experience. Prodded by shopaholic tourists with fat wallets, prices and rents skyrocketed, and soon modest shopkeepers and manufacturers found themselves unable to compete with the big money circulating through the bazaar's lanes. These humble merchants moved outside the bazaar, displaced by souvenir and carpet shops.
Today's Grand Bazaar sells 10 times more jewelry than it used to. While tourists find it plenty atmospheric, locals now consider its flavor more Western than Oriental. And yet, even though the bazaar has lost some of its traditional ambience, enough artifacts remain to make it an irreplaceable Istanbul experience.
Throughout the Grand Bazaar — and just about everywhere in the Old Town — you'll constantly be barraged by people selling everything you can imagine. This can be intimidating, but it's fun if you loosen up and approach it with a sense of humor. The main rule of thumb: Don't feel compelled to look at or buy anything you don't want. These salesmen prey on Americans' gregariousness, and our tendency to respond politely to anyone who offers us a friendly greeting. They often use surprising or attention-grabbing openers:
- "Hello, Americans! Where are you from? I have a cousin there!"
- "Are you lost? Can I help you find something?"
- "Nice shoes! Are those Turkish shoes?"
- "Would you like a cup of tea?"
The list is endless — collect your favorites. If you're not interested, simply say a firm, "No, thanks!" and brush past them, ignoring any additional comments. This seems cold, but it's the only way to cover the market without constantly getting tied up in a conversation. Depending on my mood, sometimes I just look at them with great seriousness and declare, "Pay peanuts, get monkeys" and then walk away.
If, on the other hand, you're looking to chat, you'll find that many merchants are very talkative — but be warned that a lengthy conversation may give them false hopes that you're looking to buy, and could make it even more difficult to extract yourself gracefully from the interaction.
Lale Surmen Aran and Tankut Aran are the authors of the Rick Steves Istanbul guidebook.


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Magnetic Process
Magnetic test method according to the standards ISO 2178, ASTM 7091
Functional principle
A permanent magnet generates a constant magnetic field with a strength that corresponds to the thickness of the coating to be measured or the distance between the measurement probe and the base material. The magnetic field strength is measured by a suitable sensor; using the characteristic probe output function, i.e., the functional correlation between the measurement signal and the coating thickness. The measurement signal is converted in the instrument into a coating thickness value.
Main fields of application: Non-magnetizable coating material on steel or iron or nickel coating on non-ferrous metal base material.
- Thick electroplated coatings of chrome, zinc, copper, aluminum etc. on steel or iron
- Thick coatings of enamel, paint or plastic on steel or iron
- Galvanically deposited nickel coatings (Ni) on copper or aluminum; also suited for nickel coatings on pc-board contacts, even under a thin gold coating
- Chemically deposited nickel coatings (Ni), if magnetizable, on copper or aluminum
Your contact to FISCHER
Piedrujas street 11, office 214
Phone: +371 22304752
E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Online contact form


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| 5.7°C Belfast
Former deputy prime minister Lord Heseltine has said the Government should have greater powers to intervene when UK companies are targeted for takeover by foreign firms.
The Conservative peer, who is an adviser to Prime Minister David Cameron on economic growth, was speaking just days after American drugs giant Pfizer announced a bid for AstraZeneca in what would be the biggest foreign takeover of a British firm.
The comments were broadcast by the BBC as the US company unveiled a new takeover proposal valuing AstraZeneca at £50 a share, or £63 billion.
In a letter to Mr Cameron, Pfizer pledged to complete AstraZeneca's proposed research and development hub in Cambridge and said 20% of the combined company's R&D workforce will be in the UK.
Lord Heseltine said takeovers "could be very helpful", but argued that Britain should do more to protect key national interests, such as the science base.
He suggested that ministers should have "reserve powers" to protect British companies when crucial interests are at stake.
"Foreign takeovers can often be hugely helpful and I have no doctrinal preoccupations - I've done enough takeovers of small businesses myself to know how valuable they can be," Lord Heseltine told the BBC.
"But the important point is that every other advanced economy has mechanisms of some sort on a failsafe basis to scrutinise foreign takeovers and we're the only country that doesn't.
"I think that is a mistake and I think there are so many issues about the science base, about supply chains, about employment prospects that ought to be explored.
"I don't see any way in which this can be adequately done unless the Government has reserve powers.
"It's a question of where their headquarters are, where the decisions are taken, who determines what research is done and where, how much government money goes into supporting the science base within a co-operative arrangement, where the supply chains are going to be and what the motive is."
Responding to Lord Heseltine's call, the former chief executive of Jaguar cars, Sir Nick Scheele, told the BBC Radio 4 Today programme: "Government has proved itself over many years - not least with British Leyland, but also with shipyards - that it has no idea how to run businesses, and the Government should just not be a party to takeovers or attempted takeovers. They should stay out of it, and run the governance system but not determine individual fates.
"Politics should stay right out of business and let the individual shareholders and the individual businesses decide what is right for them and for their interests."
Tory MP Douglas Carswell dismissed the peer's call as an unwelcome return to 1970s politics.
He said on Twitter: "It would be deeply depressing if government takes Hezza's corporatist approach in approving only good takeovers."
Lord Heseltine warned: "In an increasingly global world, we are going to see more and more companies coming from emerging countries in which they want to get the technology, they want to be able to get access to leading-edge activity, in order to export it back to their own industrial base."
Asked whether it was not for shareholders to decide what is in a company's best interests, Lord Heseltine replied: "There are two very different sorts of shareholders. There's the small individual, who tends to take a longer view and have a degree of loyalty. But the really big influence is with the institutions, and the institutions are largely not British."


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Department of Surgery faculty members, both physicians and scientists, are world-renown in their subspecialties. Faculty members are passionate in their clinical care and research practices, as well as being mentors for medical students and trainees. The department also invests significant funds to provide protected time and lab space for junior faculty to perform research.
Allen Ghlandian
Efficacy of Laparoscopy in Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Abdominal Pain of Unknown Origin Am Surg. 2019 Oct 01; 85(10):1104-1107. . View in PubMed


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- 90 in. Diameter
- Polyester
- Machine Wash Cold with Household Detergent
- Premium
- Serged
Shipping Times
USAFast shipping, Over 90% of US Orders can be Delivered Within (3) Business Days or Less!
(Free shipping is offered on orders over $149.)
Our cut off time is at 10am PST (Monday - Friday)
If your order is placed after our cut off time, your order will begin processing the following business day and you should receive your order as follows:
UPS Free shipping: Up to 8 business days (not guaranteed)
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USPS Flat Rate: 6-14 business days (not guaranteed)
Please refer to our Return Policy found here.
DetailsCombining the unparalleled durability of polyester with the soft, downy feel of cotton, you could say that our cotton-feel tablecloths are the miracle children of both. Also known as ambassador linen, cotton-feel table linen are perfect for swanky dinner parties, elegant weddings, and upscale dining establishments. Made from durable, 100% spun polyester, Cotton-Feel Tablecloth can be washed time and time again with cold water and home detergent. Pair them with our Cotton-Feel Napkins to complete your look.
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Borderlands 2's Best Friends Forever Furore
Don't call it 'girlfriend mode'
Here's today's scandal, then. The Mechromancer, a post-release DLC character for Borderlands 2 has been revealed, and one of her skill trees is aimed at making the game more accessible to people who don't play shooters. Officially, this set of abilities is called 'Best Friends Forever', and includes skills such as missed shots having a chance to auto-ricochet into their intended targets – i.e. allowing some victory from imprecise aiming. That's fine. That's even quite a good idea for anyone who wants to play the game with someone who isn't well-versed in such things. I quite want to play it with my Dad, in fact.
The trouble is that a dev at Gearbox unofficially dubbed it 'the girlfriend mode' when talking to Eurogamer, which is clearly all kinds of offensive and quickly caused online outrage – definitely justified were the skills truly called 'girlfriend mode' but rather less cut and dried if it turns out to be just one guy's personal (and foolish) nickname for the real title of Best Friends Forever. Gearbox are claiming the drama stems from misinterpretation and sensationalism.
Gearboss Randy Pitchford's already taken to Twitter to claim that "Borderlands 2 does NOT have a girlfriend mode. Anyone that says otherwise is misinformed or trying to stir up something that isn't there", and God only knows what's happening behind the scenes. Or, indeed, what the truth behind this mini-scandal really is.
I sighed when I heard about this. I stared at the wall for a full four minutes. I tried to think of good reasons to simply not report this, but I knew none would ultimately fly. The combination of the mainstream games industry's male-centric attitude and the internet's tendency towards hair-trigger response means this kind of thing is only going to increase in frequency, and even if it's enormously dispiriting I think it's important to follow the growing pains of a medium that's long been stuck in adolescence if we truly do want improvement.
The phrase 'girlfriend mode' and attendant implication that women are rubbish at games (as opposed to, if you want to go with the difficult-to-dispute angle that the majority of players of mainstream games are indeed male, many women simply not being interested in playing power fantasy stuff like BL2) is exceptionally obnoxious and lead designer John Hemingway clearly wasn't watching his words carefully enough when talking to the press. This does have echoes of the recent Tomb Raider sexual assault scandal, wherein it became increasingly hard to establish through all the noise, finger-pointing and opinion columns what was actually intended by a certain scene in the game and what was just one developer mouthing off. Whichever the case, it didn't look good and scrutiny at least was justified.
With much of the internet equally quick to react this, I can understand the frustration at the developer that it's been interpreted as the skill tree now being widely called 'girlfriend mode' rather than its true name of Best Friends Forever, but I'd be surprised if it really was simply one designer plucking a contentious phrase out of thin air. I'd be willing to bet you one shiny British pound that is not the first time 'girlfriend mode' has been used, but for all I know Hemingway really did come up with it on the spot.
For a developer already associated with an arguably chauvinistic property (i.e. Duke Nukem Forever, and divisive elements such as its notorious bottom-spanking feature and making light of enforced impregnation) and prone to contentious media statements (e.g. calling accurate pre-announcement news of Borderlands 2's existence "shoddy journalism") this isn't going to help one jot, and I can only imagine future press encounters will be very carefully controlled.
Randy Pitchford has gone on to claim to that "The future DLC Mechromancer class has a skill tree that makes it easier for less skilled coop partners (any gender!) to play and be useful." Again, can't really argue with that. Can argue with even the most casual assertion that it is aimed at one particular gender, because even if that does come from just one staffer at Gearbox rather than the entire studio he sure as hell shouldn't be saying it in front of a microphone. Pitchford has professed ignorance of the 'girlfriend mode' handle until now, telling a Tweeter that "I didn't know it was a nickname. It's not even a thing – just a skill built from the idea of playing coop with noob friends."
He's continuing to argue that the Mechromancer's skill tree is a 'noob' mode rather than a lady-specific mode and that reports of Hemingway's "personal anecdote" are "just sensationalism" even as I type this, so you might want to keep an eye on what's said. He's just added that "There is no universe where Hemmingway is a sexist – all the women at Gearbox would beat his and anyone else's ass."
It almost certainly boils down to a poor choice of words – the resultant question is whether those words imply a broader issue or were just an unfortunate slip of the tongue. It's likely that Gearbox will have more to say, and hopefully that will shed more light one way or another.
What a horrible mess, with missteps on both sides of the debate. And one that I suspect is far from over, as this snowball probably has more than enough inertia to keep rolling for a while yet. I do hesitate to contribute to the furore, but I am conscious troubling mentalities of this kind do prevail around the industry, whether or not this particular instance has been interpreted accurately.


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The Board affirms its commitment to the strict prohibition of discrimination in employment on the basis of race, national origin, religion, sex, age, or disability, and to the principle of affirmative action to obtain wide and representative candidate pools.
In accordance with 20-A MRSA, § 1001(13), the Superintendent shall implement a process designed to ensure non-discriminatory practice in recruitment and hiring for all positions requiring administrator certification, as well as to result in selection of the most qualified candidates.
Moreover, upon each occasion of administrative vacancy, the Superintendent shall review the process and make appropriate adaptations as may be warranted by special circumstances. In the case of a vacancy in the Superintendency, the Board shall review the process, adapting as appropriate.
Legal Reference: 5 MRSA § 4576
FIRST READING: March 12, 2015
SECOND READING: March 26, 2015
ADOPTION: March 26, 2015


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We make sharing the good news about your baby's birth easier than ever.
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Top rated perfunctory movies that are also slapdash
Check out today's highest ranked perfunctory and slapdash movies! Looking for the greatest movies of all times? Here is the list of the best movies that are perfunctory and slapdash, based on the crowd's interest and popular searches from the country. Maimovie provides context-aware recommendation based on extensive data gathered and analyzed by AI.
Last Update Dec 01 2020
1 The Last Airbender (2010)
The story follows the adventures of Aang, a young successor to a long line of Avatars, who must put his childhood ways aside and stop the Fire Nation from enslaving the Water, Earth and Air nations.
- 2010-06-30 | Action / Adventure
- Noah Ringer, Dev Patel
- 4.7
People's Taste Ranking
2 Fantastic Four (2015)
Four young outsiders teleport to a dangerous universe, which alters their physical form in shocking ways. Their lives irrevocably upended, the team must learn to harness their daunting new abilities and work together to save Earth from a former friend turned enemy.
- 2015-08-05 | Action / Adventure
- Miles Teller, Michael B. Jordan
- 4.4
3 Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo (2005)
Deuce Bigalow goes to Amsterdam after a little accident including two irritating kids and a bunch of aggressive dolphins. There he meets up with his old friend T.J. Hicks. But a mysterious killer starts killing some of Amsterdam's finest gigolos and T.J. is mistaken for the extremely gay murderer. Deuce must enter the gigolo industry again to find the real murderer and clear T.J.'s name.
- 2005-08-12 | Comedy
- Rob Schneider, Eddie Griffin
- 4.8
4 Battlefield Earth (2000)
In the year 3000, man is no match for the Psychlos, a greedy, manipulative race of aliens on a quest for ultimate profit. Led by the powerful Terl, the Psychlos are stripping Earth clean of its natural resources, using the broken remnants of humanity as slaves. What is left of the human race has descended into a near primitive state. After being captured, it is up to Tyler to save mankind.
- 2000-05-10 | Action / Science Fiction
- John Travolta, Barry Pepper
- 2.9
5 Sex and the City 2 (2010)
Carrie, Charlotte, and Miranda are all married now, but they're still up for a little fun in the sun. When Samantha gets the chance to visit one of the most extravagant vacation destinations on the planet and offers to bring them all along, they surmise that a women-only retreat may be the perfect excuse to eschew their responsibilities and remember what life was like before they decided to settle down.
- 2010-05-26 | Comedy / Drama
- Sarah Jessica Parker, Kristin Davis
- 6.0
6 Dragon Wars: D-War (2007)
Based on the Korean legend, unknown creatures will return and devastate the planet. Reporter Ethan Kendrick is called in to investigate the matter...
- 2007-02-08 | Fantasy / Drama
- Jason Behr, Amanda Brooks
- 4.0
7 Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 (2000)
Young adults become fascinated by the events of the three missing filmmakers in Maryland, so they decide to go into the same woods and find out what really happened.
- 2000-10-27 | Mystery / Thriller
- Kim Director, Jeffrey Donovan
- 4.3
8 The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2009)
Forks, Washington resident Bella Swan is reeling from the departure of her vampire love, Edward Cullen, and finds comfort in her friendship with Jacob Black, a werewolf. But before she knows it, she's thrust into a centuries-old conflict, and her desire to be with Edward at any cost leads her to take greater and greater risks.
- 2009-11-18 | Adventure / Fantasy
- Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson
- 6.0
9 BloodRayne (2005)
In the 18th century, a vampire escapes from the freak show she once participated in and teams up with a group of vampire slayers to kill the man who raped her mother. Storyline In the Eighteenth Century, Rayne is the half-human half-vampire Dhampir and the lead attraction in a carnival's freak-show in Romania. When she escapes, she meets a fortuneteller that tells that her mother was raped by the king of the vampires Kagan and she decides to destroy her father. In her journey for revenge, she meets Vladimir and Sebastian, the leaders of the fortress of vampire hunters Brimstone, and she joins their society. She seeks for powerful talismans to defeat Kagan, while the skilled warriors Vladimir and Sebastian train her to face the forces of Kagan and her human side falls in love with Sebastian. Written by Claudio Carvalho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- 2005-10-22 | Action / Adventure
- Kristanna Loken, Ben Kingsley
- 4.2
10 Bewitched (2005)
Thinking he can overshadow an unknown actress in the part, an egocentric actor unknowingly gets a witch cast in an upcoming television remake of the classic show "Bewitched".
- 2005-06-21 | Comedy / Fantasy
- Nicole Kidman, Will Ferrell
- 5.0