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Davey should be considered for Hall of Fame
Nationals manager has had quite the wide-ranging career in Major League Baseball
NEW YORK -- The fence runs from Baltimore to Atlanta to Tokyo to Philadelphia to Chicago to Norfolk, Va., to New York to Cincinnati, back to Baltimore, to Los Angeles and finally to Washington D.C. Pretty long fence! And now I'm sitting on it, wondering whether the man who built the fence, one of the most successful managers baseball has known since the mid-80s, might be worthy of one more extension of that long fence, one that reaches Cooperstown, N.Y.
The question: Is Davey Johnson worthy of a plaque and a permanent place in baseball's Smithsonian?
That possibility certainly is worth a conversation or several hundred words at this site and at this time as Johnson manages -- probably for the last time -- in the city where he made his most conspicuous mark as a man with a marvelous mind in the dugout. He was at Citi Field on Monday night with his undeniably disappointing Nationals, his second-place and out-of-it Nationals, the defending National League East champions who have defended no more effectively than the Ravens did against the Broncos on Thursday night.
Had the 2013 Nationals performed as had been expected, had they performed as well as they did last season or had they at least reached the World Series last year, the Cooperstown conversation as it applies to their manager would be a few degrees warmer. It even could rise to the level of an argument. One more postseason success -- last year or this -- added to all Johnson's teams have achieved and his retirement next month would leave a resumé as powerful as Mark Reynolds and as handsome as George Clooney.
As it is, Johnson's record will include at least a World Series championship, a pennant and six division championships. Moreover, his six division championships have come with four teams -- the Mets (1986 and '88), the Reds (1994 and '95), the Orioles (1997) and the Nationals (2012), and they have been interspersed with six second-place finishes. A seventh is likely.
But this Johnson -- David Allen Johnson, 70, of Orlando, Fla. -- is among the game's most accomplished Johnsons (Walter, Randy, Howard, Alex, Deron, Darrell, Charles, Lance and Jim) for accomplishments other than those as a manager. He was a defensively gifted second baseman (three Gold Gloves) for Orioles teams that were elite in their time and later slugged 43 home runs in one season with the Braves, three more than teammate Henry Aaron and two more than teammate Darrell Evans. And when his best days were behind him, Johnson hit two pinch-hit grand slams in one season.
And he's had something of a Forrest Gump life in the game. From managing the Jeffrey Maier Game to hitting the fly ball that was the final out in the greatest upset in World Series play (Mets-Orioles, 1969), from managing Games 6 of the 1986 World Series and NLCS to playing with Aaron and Sadaharu Oh, from producing the final hit surrendered by Sandy Koufax to stepping between Roberto Alomar and John Hirschbeck, from managing Dwight Gooden and Darryl Strawberry to ushering Bryce Harper into the big leagues, from being the first American to play with the Yomiuri Giants to shifting Cal Ripken from shortstop to third base.
Not to be overlooked is his work in international baseball with the Netherlands teams in the World Baseball Classic and Olympics.
The Hall is about fame ... and accomplishment. The Veterans Committee can weigh a candidate's full body of work in the game. A composite .561 winning percentage as a manager is a compelling figure on its own. And there's almost enough other good stuff to push me to the "he's in" side of the fence.
Johnson's candidacy doesn't rise to the level of, say, Joe Torre's. He was not as a player, a manager or a comparable jack of all trades. Torre's a HOF certainty.
But a summer weekend in Cooperstown could happen for Johnson. I can't see how anyone could be offended by his inclusion. He can't be ignored.
But the damn fence remains. And I'm still seated on it.
Johnson is neither holding his breath nor crossing his fingers.
"Those sorts of things are about what I've done, and I prefer living in the present and the future," he said Monday night. "I'm in the Mets Hall of Fame and proud that I am. I'm in the Florida Hall of Fame [for successes in and outside the game], and I'm pleased with that. And I'm in the Orioles' Hall. That's great, too. And I know I'm a candidate [for Cooperstown]. And it's fulfilling to know that I'm recognized.
"I'm not a nostalgic person. I have some gloves that I like to look at once in a while."
But no World Series lineup card, no pawn shop spheres noting the Johnson, Evans, Aaron season.
"If someone asked about all the stuff I have, I'd say, 'Here, sell it.' But my wife wants to hang on to it. I think she thinks it'll be worth more after I'm gone."
Some items certainly will fetch more if Johnson gains a place in the Hall. It wouldn't be the worst thing.


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Report urges action on youth unemployment, NH fares better than most states
CONCORD, N.H. (AP) � New Hampshire has one of the nation's highest employment rates for young adults at a time when the national rate is lower than it has been in more than 50 years, according to a report released Monday.
The latest "Kids Count" policy report by the Annie E. Casey Foundation concludes that employment among both 16- to 19-year-olds and 20- to 24-year-olds is at its lowest level since World War II. Only about half of young people ages 16 to 24 held jobs in 2011, and among teens in that group, only 25 percent were employed.
But in New Hampshire, 72 percent of residents ages 20 to 24 were employed in 2011. Only four states had higher rates: Wisconsin, Minnesota, Nebraska and North Dakota.
New Hampshire didn't fare quite as well, however, in terms of teen employment. According to the report, 35 percent of New Hampshire teens ages 16 to 19 were employed in 2011. Thirteen other states had rates that were the same or higher than New Hampshire's, with Nebraska having the highest rate.
New Hampshire's ranking could improve in the future now that a long-stalled project to build a Jobs Corps Center in Manchester has begun moving forward. The federal government last month began soliciting bids for the construction of the facility, which will be a residential education and job-training complex serving low-income youth ages 16 to 24. New Hampshire is one of only two states that lack such a center. The project was stalled by contract language that would have required the facility to be built by union labor.
New Hampshire's overall unemployment rate has been well below the national average for years. In October, it was 5.7 percent, compared with 7.9 percent for the nation. Nine other states had lower rates than New Hampshire that month.

subset: commoncrawl


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This pretty modest and inconspicuous monument is located in Leipzig near the St. Michaelis Church. It has been unveiled in honor of Jan Henryk Dąbrowski (1755 – 1818), a Polish general and national hero.
In June 1812 General Dąbrowski commanded a Polish division in the Grande Armee, joining Napoleon on his Moscow expedition. However, by October the Franco-Russian war was over and the French forces, decimated by a severe winter, had to retreat. Their defeat was completed by a battle lost during the crossing of the River Berezina, in which Dąbrowski was wounded. He fought under Marshal Auguste Marmont at the Battle of Leipzig (October 18, 1813).
His division was ordered to secure the withdrawal of French troops from Leipzig. Price at which the order was executed was very high, but anyway the division succeeded in holding its position. The fiercest fighting between French army and Russian-Prussian troops has taken place on the site where the monument was erected in 1863.
In the following year General Dąbrowski returned to Poland, unable to continue the fight any further. He was one of the generals entrusted by the Tsar Alexander I with the reorganization of the Polish army, and was named in 1815 general of cavalry and senator palatine of the new Congress Kingdom, and awarded the Order of the White Eagle. He retired in 1816 to his estates in Winna Gora in the Grand Duchy of Posen, Kingdom of Prussia, where he died in 1818.
He wrote several military historical works in Polish. His name, in the French version "Dombrowsky", is inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. "Dąbrowski's Mazurka" has become the national anthem of Poland. It was originally meant to boost the morale of Polish soldiers serving under General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski.


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Samson: Spring offers Marlins 'a new beginning'
Team president sits down with MLB.com to address the state of the franchise
This Presidents Day, MLB.com is reaching out to check in with club presidents around the league, including a discussion about the state of the Marlins with team president Dave Samson.
JUPITER, Fla. -- Turning the page is easy when you've just experienced the second worst season in franchise history.
Couple the frustrations of losing 100 games in 2013 and three straight last-place finishes, and it's easy to see why the Miami Marlins eagerly embrace a fresh start in 2014.
Some may say the downward trend is an indicator that more misery awaits in 2014. To the skeptics, Marlins president David Samson isn't buying it.
Since closing day in 2013, the Marlins have undergone sweeping changes to their front office as well as their roster.
Michael Hill replaced Larry Beinfest as president of baseball operations, and Dan Jennings was promoted to general manager.
From the outside, the front office added Mike Berger as vice president and assistant general manager Craig Weissmann as vice president of player personnel and Jeff McAvoy as director of pro scouting.
Still with limited economic resources, the team signed a number of free agents, like Jarrod Saltalamacchia, Garrett Jones, Rafael Furcal and Casey McGehee.
The common thread with all is they've experienced winning, which is part of a cultural change the team is going through.
"What Spring Training means to me is it's a new beginning," Samson said. "To me, the best thing about baseball is every 12 months you get to walk on the field in Spring Training, when pitchers and catchers report, and you have the hope that that year will be your year.
"It's happened once, in 2003. We've had winning seasons since then, but everybody wants to win the World Series. To have that hope in the beginning, no matter what the media says, no matter what you may think inside your own mind, the truth is, you're tied for first when pitchers and catchers report. This is my 15th year in this, and that has not gone away, it's just gotten stronger."
The Marlins feel they are heading in the right direction, and Samson shared some of his reasons why with MLB.com.
MLB.com: After a busy offseason reshaping the roster, what is the excitement level like heading into Spring Training?
Samson: I think we're all very excited for this year. It was an offseason of change. Bringing in Mike Hill and Dan Jennings as well as Mike Berger, McAvoy and Weissmann. Our baseball operations department has a new look. They came in with a plan this offseason, and they've been able to execute it perfectly. Now, as Giancarlo Stanton likes to say, 'Let's just play ball.' Everyone has been excited about Spring Training for a long time, and now it's time to get it going.
MLB.com: Obviously, you rebranded in '12, and it didn't go the way you wanted. You restructured in '13, and endured a long season. How are you rebranding, and what do you need to do to reconnect with the fan base?
Samson: I think what our fans are looking for is stability, and what they're looking for is better performance. The good news is we have a great ballpark, and that 10-year struggle is over with. The people who come to our ballpark really do love coming here. We want to show them a better product that wins more games. That's what we're definitely trying to do, and we feel we're on the upswing.
MLB.com: How important is continuity in moving forward?
Samson: I think continuity of performance is very important. Obviously, having players who can help you win, stay on your team, is very important. From our standpoint, we're always trying to find the right formula, because there is no perfect formula. Whether your payroll is $200 million or $20 million, there is always going to be places where you think you can improve. Having great baseball people, who are able to make decisions and execute decisions is where we think we have an advantage. But you have to play the games.
MLB.com: What kind of baseball market can Miami become?
Samson: We feel Miami is an up-and-coming market. This is our 13th season here. I don't think we've yet seen what this market can be like, both from an attendance standpoint and a television standpoint. We have a TV deal that goes for many more years, but we have great partners in Fox Sports Florida. They recognize the importance in the industry of television revenue and what it does. What we've seen in the last couple of years is escalating salaries due in large part to increased television revenues. Since we don't have that right now, what we have to do is to make smarter decisions that will enable us to compete on the field until such time that we catch up with the other clubs.
MLB.com: You also have a new radio partner this year on Clear Channel's 940 WINZ-AM, what does that deal do for you?
Samson: We're very happy to have a new radio partner in Clear Channel. It feels as though we are finally on a station that understands the benefit of having baseball on radio. And having Dave Van Horne and Glenn Geffner as the voices on our radio, our fans now have a chance to listen to good baseball talk and great baseball games across a huge platform of stations. I couldn't be happier with Clear Channel right now.
MLB.com: Drafting and development, obviously, is important to your organization. You have the second overall pick in the First-Year Player Draft. How are you going about building up your system?
Samson: The Draft is critical. I think what you've seen in the new posting system where the Japanese players are coming over like [Masahiro] Tanaka, that's not something the Marlins can participate in. The new rules didn't really help any teams. What they did was gave more money to the player, instead of the team.
From our standpoint, drafting and developing is critical. When you look at the players that we have coming, the players we have here, the young core, we've done a really good job. I think this year is a critical Draft for us. Come June, our signing bonus budget is over $18 million. That's how much we're spending on new players, because we realize having those players come into our system and grow into decade-long Marlins players is how we're going to win over a sustained period.
MLB.com: Regarding your homegrown players, when you've identified your core, how important is the next step -- to do what the Braves just did and sign some of those guys to long-term deals?
Samson: It's interesting if you look at teams and who their core is. Let's talk about the Yankees, they had a core of Derek Jeter, Andy Pettitte, Jorge Posada and Mariano Rivera. They were only that team for a very long time. But if you look around at other teams, it's getting more and more rare to have players spend careers on the same team. That's just how the world of baseball is right now. So the tough part is choosing, which players you want that to be and then being right. What you don't want to happen, if you are the Marlins or about 28 other teams, if you choose wrong, that can stop your team from winning for a sustained period of time. The key is to figure out which players you think will be the best over a long period of time. I'm happy to say we have a lot of choices right now.
What our baseball people do is they look, and they scout, including at the Major League level. They make decisions, then they come to us and say, 'Listen, this is who we can build around. This is someone who could be a forever great player, and he will help your team win.'
MLB.com: So what's the best way of going about that -- to identify and lock up the right players?
Samson: The way we need to operate, and we've said this before, is we can't afford mistakes. Let's face it, we made mistakes in 2012, and we paid for it. We went for it. We had a payroll that was too large for what we could afford, but we also lost 93 games. So, forgetting what the payroll was, the results were we lost 93 games.
What we're trying to do is win more games. Whatever combination that is. Last year, three of the bottom five payrolls were in the playoffs. We don't know if it is payroll related. What we believe is that it is decision related. We think we have the right people in place who have the authority to make better decisions.
MLB.com: This is an entertainment industry, you want fans in the stands.
Samson: It's a tough thing, when you look at the combination of winning and the combination of a good experience at the ballpark -- the fact that it's hard for all leagues right now. Attendance is a struggle in all professional sports leagues, as well as all events, because the creature comforts of home have gotten more significant as the years have passed. Our job is to make people want to come to the ballpark and want to enjoy time at a baseball game. I think we have the ability to do it because of Marlins Park.
MLB.com: What do you think is a realistic, sustainable payroll?
Samson: It's hard to know what a realistic, sustainable payroll is because we have to see what revenues are. That's what it's based on. We're certainly looking forward to more TV revenue. We want to win. We want to be able to have the players who can help us win. We want to be able to afford a mistake, which happens in baseball, in terms of signing a player who may not be helping you win. That's not where we are right now, but it's where we're trying to get to.


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This year's Latitude festival line-up just keeps getting bigger and better.
Firstly, DiS is very proud and excited to announce that we'll be one of the official partners of this year's event. We will be revealing a little more about what we have planned nearer the time. Mostly it will involve some exclusive news and insight, as well as back stage chats and sessions filmed in high quality.
Anyway, what you wanna know right now which acts have been added to the festival (which takes play July 12th - 15th near Sothwold in Suffolk), well, there is a feast of new names for you, including: Catherine AD, Slow Club, King Charles, Smoke Fairies, Norman Jay and Of Monsters And Men who join the various main music stages.
The Lake Stage, which will once again by curated by BBC Radio 1 DJ Huw Stephens, has revealed the following line-up of new music:
Clock Opera
Tim Ten Yen
Cate Le Bon
The Soft
Los Campesinos
The Crookes
Tall Ships
Theme Park
Sam Airey
Dingus Khan
Herman Dune
Lucy Rose
Weird Dreams
Hooray For Earth
The Cast Of Cheers
Benjamin Bloom
Also announced today of note to DiSsers is....
- Sadler's Wells Production, The Most Incredible Thing on The Waterfront Stage, adding to the diverse and exciting dance line-up. It's a collaboration between pop legends Pet Shop Boys and choreographer/director Javier De Fruto.
- In the Film & Music tent, Birds Eye View Springs 2012, will present Mary Pickford's Sparrows with live accompaniment by Aristazabal Hawkes (of The Guillemots fame) and her band.
- In the Literary Arena, WordTheatre® present contemporary short stories brought to life by a the likes of Downton Abbey's Dan Stevens, Bond Girl Gemma Arterton, Diana Vickers fresh from the West End, Game of Thrones actor Gethin Anthony, The Awakening's Lucy Cohu and Emma Rigby from Brit soap Hollyoaks.
- Fast Show comedian Simon Day will read from his comic memoirs,
- Tom Watson, Labour MP and anti-Murdoch campaigner, will be chatting with Rosamund Urwin, Evening Standard columnist and feminist and Ian Birrell, Daily Mail columnist and General Election speech writer for PM David Cameron, in a live debate "What's the Big Idea?" organised by Instigate Debate. The topic for the debate will be chosen by Latitude festival goers. In the lead up to the Sunday night debate, Instigate Debate will interview as many Latitude festival goers as possible and ask them for unique idea to change for the better. Four ideas will be chosen and debated by the panel.
- Joining Jack Dee, Brian Cox, Tim Minchin and others in the Comedy Arena will be stand-up and Never Mind the Buzzcocks team captain Phill Jupitus.
Plus the next Longitude (a monthly Latitude event) will take place on Monday 14th May and have a taster of what Latitude is all about. It's held at The Century Club in Shaftesbury Avenue this month's event will feature Luke Wright, Miss Behave, Doc Brown and Catherine A.D. plus a DJ set from DiS editor. For free tickets please email email@example.com.
Phew, that's a lot of info, and there was plenty more, so fire up latitudefestival.co.uk to find out what else was added on the various stages, and also to pick up your tickets if you haven't already done so.


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Equity futures are down a little this morning, but the S&P is still above the 1,090 pivot after being rejected from yesterday's low volume run up to the 1,107 pivot (1,105 high):
The dollar is up, bonds are down, oil and gold are both down significantly.
The now worthless MBA purchase index fell a whopping 11.7% last week, here's Econoday:
Demand for purchase applications plunged in the Nov. 6 week pointing to the risk of a dip backward in home sales. The Mortgage Bankers Association's purchase index fell 11.6 percent in the week to a nine-year low (MBA did not release index levels, only percentage changes). In contrast, the refinance index surged 11.3 percent in the week. The proportion of refinancing applications to purchase applications is 71.5 percent, the highest since May. Mortgage rates are at rock bottom with 30-year fixed averaging 4.90 percent, down 7 basis points in the week. Refinancings will give a big lift to homeowners, cutting down monthly costs and allowing the hardest pressed to stay in their homes. But the indication on home sales is a disappointment. Next data on the housing sector will be housing market index on Tuesday.
All I can say is wait until rates move higher. They will.
Jobless claims fell to 502,000, yet another print above the half million mark – we haven't had a print under 500k since December of last year (December prints tend to be lower):
Jobless claims continue to come down. Initial claims fell 12,000 in the Nov. 7 week to a level of 502,000 (prior week revised 2,000 higher to 514,000). The four-week average shows the progress that's underway, down 4,500 to 519,750 for the lowest level since last November. Continuing claims extended their long downward trend, falling a very large 139,000 to 5.631 million (Oct. 31 week). Though some of this improvement may reflect new hiring, much of it unfortunately reflects the expiration of benefits. The number receiving extended benefits fell 28,243 to a level of 523,061, while those receiving emergency compensation rose more than 20,000 to 3.52 million (both Oct. 24 week). The unemployment rate of insured workers continues to fall, down another tenth to 4.3 percent and in big contrast to total unemployment which has continued to rise, jumping to 10.2 percent in October. Unemployment remains high but initial jobless claims are definitely improving in what is a big plus for the labor outlook. Though better than expected, today's report is having no initial impact on financials markets.
No impact? The market has already priced in zero unemployment for cripes sake! We need to create 150,000 jobs a month just to keep up with population growth and we've been losing massive jobs for months and months. There are people that have been unemployed for so long that they simply run out of benefits and are no longer counted here. Thus the government does everything they can to make the data and themselves look as good as possible. This is the same reason MBA no longer reports real index values, they simply do not want you to see the truth.
Little Timmy Geithner was flapping his lips yet again about how important our strong dollar policy is! Talk about a joke of a "man." He's a little boy who can't say no to his pals. In fact, I can't really point to an adult in the entire administration, it reminds me of a teenage binge. But, the dollar is higher overnight getting back above the 75 support level, and the EUR/USD is falling back from its run above 1.50.
To say that the market is overbought is literally the understatement of the year. Divergences abound, and now 100% of stocks in the DOW are over their 5 day moving average. Yesterday's low volume ramp up set a new high in the S&P and changed the Elliott Wave count there to still being in wave B up, this would be the final wave higher. According to Tony Caldero, all the major overseas indices are in confirmed downtrends, meaning that their wave B's have been completed and that the wave count has now eliminated those indices from being in an uptrend. Thus the markets are in a complex state with divergences all over the place. I think this is screaming TOP at us… it is near, but blow off tops can run irrationally, especially with all the teenagers running our country and our markets.
Want to see a snapshot into the REAL economy? Here's a chart from the Association for Manufacturing Technology (AMT) and The American Machine Tool Distributors' Association (AMTDA) showing machine and machine tool consumption.
Look at the current levels compared to the bubble days. Looks like less than 25% of the peak value. And how about that bounce upwards at the end, looks just like the stock market, no? Anybody remember the line, "Subprime is contained?" And the same people who made statements like that are still running our country and lying to us.
Hey, the candles from yesterday could represent a top, Monday was a turn date and the turn has yet to happen, it should happen this week. 1,090 is support, if it falls, 1,061 is next.
David Bowie - Changes


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Phyton (Buenos Aires)
versión On-line ISSN 1851-5657
Phyton (B. Aires) vol.79 no.2 Vicente López jul./dic. 2010
Osmotic adjustment in Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead" under field conditions
Ajuste osmótico en Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead" bajo condiciones de campo
Torres YA1, CA Busso1, OA Montenegro2, HD Giorgetti2, HD Rodríguez2, D Bentivegna3
1 Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS),CERZOS (CONICET), 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
2 Chacra Experimental Patagones, Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios, 8504 Carmen de Patagones, Argentina.
3 CERZOS (CONICET), CCT Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, Km. 8, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
Address Correspondence to: Dr. Carlos A. Busso, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Recibido - Received 15.IX.2010.
Aceptado - Accepted 27.IX.2010.
Abstract. Osmotic adjustment has been recognized to be an important adaptive response to water stress in higher plants. Although Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead" is reputedly a very drought-tolerant rangeland plant, its ability to adjust osmotically in the field has not previously been reported. This study examined the occurrence or not of osmotic adjustment in field-grown plants of Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead" during late spring in an arid zone of Patagonia. Plants of this species had been established in the field three years before. With this purpose, leaf laminae of this species were collected and pressure-volume curves made. Results showed turgor maintenance in the face of declining leaf water potentials (i.e., osmotic adjustment) in the study species. Even more, maximum pressure at maximum leaf water potential was increased during a 3-week-period. This response is typical of plants with a previous history of osmotic adjustment as a result of water stress.
Keywords: Osmotic adjustment; Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead"; Water stress; Patagonia.
Resumen. El ajuste osmótico se ha reconocido como una respuesta importante de adaptación a condiciones de estrés hídrico en las plantas superiores. Aunque Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead" tiene la reputación de ser una especie componente de los pastizales naturales con una alta tolerancia a la sequía, su capacidad para ajustarse osmóticamente no se ha demostrado bajo condiciones de campo. Este estudio examinó la ocurrencia o no de ajuste osmótico durante la primavera en plantas de Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead" que crecieron bajo condiciones de campo en una zona árida de Patagonia. Las plantas fueron examinadas por esta característica adaptativa luego de su implantación en el campo tres años antes. Se recolectaron láminas foliares de esta especie y se construyeron curvas presión-volumen. Los resultados mostraron que Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead" mantuvo la presión de turgencia aún cuando declinó el potencial hídrico, indicando la existencia de ajuste osmótico. Más aún, la presión de turgencia máxima se incrementó cuando el potencial hídrico fue máximo luego de un período de tres semanas. Esta respuesta es típica en plantas con una historia previa de ajuste osmótico como resultado de condiciones de estrés hídrico.
Palabras clave: Ajuste osmótico; Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead"; Estrés hídrico; Patagonia.
Osmotic adjustment has been recognized to be an important adaptive response to water stress in higher plants (Hsiao et al., 1976; Turner, 1979). An increase in cell solute content causing a decreased solute or osmotic potential (ΨS) is one means by which turgor pressure (P) is maintained despite a reduced total water potential (Ψ). Physiological processes (e.g., growth) can continue by maintaining turgor at otherwise inhibitory water potentials (Jones, 1992).
Active osmotic adjustment (as opposed to passive decreases in ΨS resulting from dehydration) has been demonstrated to occur in response to water stress in crop and rangeland plants (Hsiao et al., 1976; Johnson & Assay, 1993). The ability of Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead" to adjust osmotically in the field has not been previously reported, although this species is reputedly a very drought-tolerant rangeland plant (Granite Seed Company, 2004). In the present study we examined osmotic adjustment in field-grown Leymus cinereus cv. "Trailhead" during late spring in an arid zone of Patagonia.
Study site. The study was conducted during November and December 2008 within an exclosure to domestic livestock in the Chacra Experimental de Patagones, Buenos Aires, Argentina (40°39'49.7" S, 62°53'6.4" W; 40 m.a.s.l.), within the Phytogeographical Province of the Monte (Cabrera, 1976). This study is part of a greater study program conducted from 2006 to 2008. Climate is temperate semiarid, with higher precipitations during the spring and fall seasons (Giorgetti et al., 2000). Several climatic parameters measured at the study site during the whole study program are shown in Figure 1. Soil is a typical Haplocalcid. Average pH is 7, and depth is not a constraint in the soil profile. The plant community is characterized by an open, shrubby stratum which includes differentquality, herbaceous species for cattle production (Giorgetti et al., 1997). Dominance of a particular grass or shrubby species in the study region is partially dependent on grazing history and fire frequency and intensity (Distel & Bóo, 1996).
Fig. 1. Absolute monthly maximum and minimum, and mean monthly air temperatures; mean monthly soil temperatures at 0-20 cm soil depth; absolute monthly maximum and minimum, and mean monthly air relative humidity, mean monthly wind speed and saturation water vapor deficit, and mean monthly pan evaporation and monthly rainfall during 2006, 2007 and 2008 at a meteorological station located at the study site.
Fig. 1. Temperaturas del aire máximas y mínimas absolutas mensuales, y temperaturas del aire mensuales promedio; temperaturas del suelo mensuales promedio a 0-20 cm de profundidad del suelo; humedades relativas del aire máximas y mínimas absolutas mensuales, y humedades relativas del aire mensuales promedio, velocidad del viento mensual promedio y déficit de vapor de agua de saturación, y evaporación de tanque mensual promedio y lluvia mensual durante 2006, 2007 y 2008 en una estación meteorológica ubicada en el sitio de estudio.
Experimental design and defoliation treatments. At the end of 2006, 48 intraspecific plots [3 genotypes x 2 defoliation treatments x 8 plots (replicates) / treatment x 12 plants/plot = 576 plants] were established at the field. We used transplants, obtained from seeds, of P. vaginatum, and L. cinereus cvs "Magnar" and "Trailhead". Plant distance among plants in horizontal and vertical lines was 30 cm (from center to center in each plant base). In this way, competitive relationships among plants were most likely similar. Similar approaches for transplant disposition in plots have been reported in other studies (Flemmer et al., 2002). During the two study years, plants were exposed to natural rainfall (Fig. 1). Randomly chosen plants of all three genotypes were defoliated to 5 cm stubble height during the winter, plant dormancy period. In this way, only aerial plant growth produced during the following growing season was used for sampling. During mid- (22 November) to late-spring (19 December) 2006, and mid-spring 2007 (5 and 11 November), half of the plants was defoliated twice (during the vegetative and immediately after differentiation of the growth apex from vegetative to reproductive) leaving 5 cm stubble height. The other half of the plants remained non-defoliated (controls) under natural, rainfed conditions. Tillers of all three genotypes were periodically dissected and observed under a binocular microscope to determine both the developmental stage and height of the apical meristem. As a result, actively growing meristems (intercalary and leaf primordia in the growth apex) remained on the plants after the defoliation events. Despite literature reports an early internode elongation in L. cinereus (Ogle et al., 2002), this did not occur in our study. Height of the apical meristem from the tiller basal area was 5.8 ± 0.9 mm (n=15) in 2006, and 2.7 ± 0.4 mm (n=15) in 2007 on non-defoliated tillers of all three genotypes at the timing of defoliation.
Pressure-volume curves: We only used non-defoliated plants of L. cinereous cv. "Trailhead" in this study. Youngest, completely expanded leaves (n=6; one leaf from each of different plants) were randomly selected for this study on 20 November and 12 December 2008. A pressure chamber, made to measure up to 10 MPa, was used to determine Ψ. Under the high evaporative conditions in the field it was essential to minimize post-excision evaporative losses (Brown, 1995). Each leaf was therefore wrapped in film just prior to excision, and the film was left in position during the subsequent Ψ measurements. Excised leaves were maintained within a cooler containing ice to minimize water loss and metabolic activity from the field to the laboratory. In the laboratory, pressure-volume curves were obtained as reported by Kirkam (2005) using the pressure chamber. Leaves were immersed in water overnight. Thereafter, leaves were taken out from the containers having water; water on their surface areas was dried using tissue paper, and these leaves were immediately weighted to obtain the saturated weights. The first balancing pressure was annotated at the saturating point. Then, pressure was applied incrementally to each leaf lamina. After each increase in pressure, fresh weight of the leaf lamina wrapped in film was obtained. All leaves were oven-dried at 70 °C during 72 h to obtain their individual dry weight. Relative water contents (RWC) were calculated following Kirkham (2005) for each set of saturated, dry weight and fresh weights values at each Ψ. A curve of the reciprocal of Ψ versus RWC was obtained for each leaf lamina. For each Ψ measured, pairs of Ψ and P were obtained from the pressure-volume curves as indicated by Kirkham (2005).
Leaf length measurements: Tiller leaf length (as a measure of growth) was determined monthly during the 2008 growing season. Eight randomly chosen plants were marked with this purpose. On each one of these plants, one parent tiller was permanently marked with wire cables. In these plants were determined total, dry and green leaf lengths [of blades + sheaths (green + dry)]. These measurements followed Busso and Richards (1995).
There has been considerable interest in osmotic adjustment as an adaptive response to water stress in higher plants (Hsiao et al., 1976; Turner, 1979). An active increase in the concentration of cell solutes allows a positive turgor potential to be maintained at lower values of water potential than would be possible if the solute concentration were to increase solely as a result of tissue water loss.
In the present study there was evidence for active osmotic adjustment by L. cinereus cv. "Trailhead" in response to scarce spring rainfalls. This is not surprising for a cultivar of this species that can withstand 150 mm annual precipitation (Granite Seed Company, 2004). Turgor pressure was maintained when Ψ declined from the November to the December samplings (Fig. 2). This way of determining the existence of osmotic adjustment is similar to that reported by Brown (1995). Decline in Ψ was most likely the result of soil water stress. This is because of the small amount of rainfall fallen during spring 2008 [September: 4.5 mm; October: 19 mm; November: 6.5 mm and December (until the 12th): 6.5 mm].
Fig. 2. Relationship between turgor pressure (MPa) and leaf water potential (MPa) in L. cinereus cv. ''Trailhead''. Each line comes from an individual leaf lamina. Values obtained from three leaf lamina had to be discarded in November and December because they broke during pressurization.
Fig. 2. Relación entre la presión de turgencia (MPa) y el potencial hídrico foliar (MPa) en L. cinereus cv. ''Trailhead''. Cada línea proviene de una lámina foliar individual. Los valores obtenidos para 3 láminas foliares en Noviembre y Diciembre tuvieron que ser descartados debido a la rotura de las láminas durante la aplicación de presión
Turgor maintenance in the face of declining Ψ most likely allowed continuation of physiological activity, and the small leaf length increases during spring of the study year (Table 1). Other studies have also reported the benefits of turgor maintenance in increasing shoot growth of various perennial rangeland grasses in the face of declining Ψ (Busso et al., 2003).
Table 1. Length (cm) of leaf lamina and sheaths (green + dry) in L. cinereus cv. ''Trailhead'' from October to December 2008. Values are the mean±1 S.E. of n=8.
Tabla 1. Longitud (cm) total de láminas y vainas (verdes + secas) en L. cinereus cv. ''Trailhead'' desde Octubre a Diciembre 2008. Los valores son el promedio±1 S.E. de n=8.
It is clear from Figure 2 that P increased at the highestΨ from the first to the second sampling date. Brown (1995) reported that an increased maximum P at maximum Ψ could be expected on the same plants during a subsequent water stress if these plants showed P maintenance because of osmotic adjustment in the previous water stress period.
1. Brown, R.W. (1995). The water relations of range plants: Adaptations to water deficits. In: Bedunah, D.J., Sosebee, R.E. (Eds.), Wildland Plants: Physiological Ecology and Developmental Morphology, Soc. Range Manage., Denver, USA, pp. 291-413. [ Links ]
2. Busso, C.A., R.E. Brevedan, A.C. Flemmer & A.I. Bolletta (2003). Morphophysiological and demographic responses of perennial grasses to defoliation under water stress. In: Hemantaranjan, A. (Ed.), Plant Physiology & Plant Molecular Biology in the New Millennium. Advances in Plant Physiology, Vol. V, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, pp. 341-395. DOI: http://angelfire.com/ ak5/adv_pp/index.htm [ Links ]
3. Busso, C.A. & J.H. Richards (1995). Drought and clipping effects on tiller demography and growth of two bunch grasses in Utah. Journal of Arid Environments 29: 239-251. [ Links ]
4. Cabrera, A.A. (1976). Regiones fitogeográficas Argentinas. In: Ferreira Sobral, E.F. (Ed.), Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería, ACME, Buenos Aires, Argentina. (in Spanish) [ Links ]
5. .Distel, R.A. & R.M. Bóo (1996). Vegetation states and transitions in temperate semiarid rangelands of Argentina. In: West, E.N. (Ed.), Proceedings V International Rangeland Congress: Rangelands in a Sustainable Biosphere, Soc. Range Manage., Salt Lake City, USA, pp. 117-118. [ Links ]
6. Flemmer, A.C., C.A. Busso, O.A. Fernández & T. Montani (2002). Root growth, appearance and disappearance in perennial grasses: Effects of the timing of water stress with or without defoliation. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82: 539-547. [ Links ]
7. Giorgetti, H.D., O.A. Montenegro, G.D. Rodríguez, C.A. Busso, T. Montani, M.A. Burgos, A.C. Flemmer, M.B. Toribio & S.S. Horvitz (1997). The comparative influence of past management and rainfall on range herbaceous standing crop in east-central Argentina: 14 years of observations. Journal of Arid Environments 36: 623-637. [ Links ]
8. Giorgetti, H.D., Z. Manuel, O.A. Montenegro, G.D. Rodríguez & C.A. Busso (2000). Phenology of some herbaceous and woody species in central, semiarid Argentina. Phyton, International Journal of Experimental Botany 69: 91-108. [ Links ]
9. Granite Seed Company. 2004. Granite Seed. Granite Seed Company. 89 p. [ Links ]
10. Hsiao, T.C., E. Acevedo, E. Fereres & D.W. Henderson (1976). Water stress, growth, and osmotic adjustment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, Series B 273: 479-500. [ Links ]
11. Johnson, D.A. & K.H. Asay (1993). Viewpoint: selection for improved drought response in cool-season grasses. Journal of Range Management 46: 194-202. [ Links ]
12. Jones, H.G. (1992). Drought and drought tolerance In Plants and microclimate. A quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. pp. 272-276. [ Links ]
13. Kirkham, M.B. (2005). Principles of soil and plant water relations. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, California. 500 p. [ Links ]
14. Ogle, D.G., L. St. John, L. Holzworth, S.R. Winslow & T.A. Jones (2002). Basin Wildrye. NRCS Plant Guide. USDA, NRCS, Idaho State Office and the National Plant Data Center. [ Links ]
15. Turner, N.C. (1979). Drought resistance and adaptation to water deficits in crop plants. In: Stress Physiology in Crop Plants. Ed. H. Mussell and R.C. Staples, pp. 343-372. Wiley-Interscience, New York. [ Links ]


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Chi Phat, CambodiaKirsty Turner
This is also a good place to get back to basics and retreat from the modern world for a while, as there is currently no running water here and electricity is often only available for a few hours a day. Nature lovers are sure to be in their element here, as they sit on the porch of their guesthouse and gaze at the freely wandering wildlife and listen to the sounds of the birds in the trees.
A large number of the local people here double as tour guides, and visitors to Chi Pat can take a walk through the Cardamom Protected Forest to discover a wide range of flora and fauna. Those with a little patience and good eyesight will be able to watch monkeys swinging through the trees and may also spot flying squirrels, lizards and hornbills.
Travellers who have a strong sense of adventure will want to take their turn at riding along one of the aerial ziplines, while canopy walks offer visitors the chance to take in the Cardamom Protected Forest from a bird's perspective.
Or why not ride the rapids along the Stung Proat River for the ultimate thrilling experience. Those who prefer to explore independently can also hire a bicycle and cycle through the forest to destinations such as the local elephant rescue centre and waterfall.
Khmer people love to eat and despite the village's remoteness there are a number of places where you can find a good meal. There are plenty of cheap food stalls in the covered market, while beside the river are a couple of restaurants beside a pool hall.
Getting to Chi Pat is simple and adventurous, as buses regularly complete the four-hour road journey from Phnom Penh. Travellers will be deposited at the side of the road, where they then take a three-hour boat ride up the river, which is the perfect way to see the surrounding countryside.


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Grownup flicks: ATO launches feature films with 'Mao'
With Netflix and YouTube grabbing eyeballs, and with blockbusters expanding their hold on the movie-going public, the problem stymieing indie filmmakers has only intensified. Getting an independent film distributed is tough.
Enter the Charlottesville-New York firm called ATO Pictures. In its first foray in feature film distribution, the company teams up with Samuel Goldwyn Films to bring Mao's Last Dancer to Charlottesville's Vinegar Hill Theatre on September 24.
Dave Matthews and Coran Capshaw co-founded ATO, so it appears there are deep enough pockets to overcome some of the hurdles like distribution and financing that face the foundering indie industry.
"We saw this in Toronto and fell in love with it," says ATO CEO and co-founder Temple Fennell. "We didn't produce it; we acquired it."
ATO's strategy veers sharply from the studio formula geared to the male-12-to-29 audience, explains Fennell. "We're really focusing on the 30-plus market," he says. "When they look at the paper on Friday night, there's very little there for them."
ATO is also taking a page from the DMB/Capshaw playbook and its model of connecting directly with the consumer, says Fennell. Before DVDs, on-demand, and Netflix took hold, the movie studios, much like 20th-century record labels, controlled all the shelf space for distribution.
"Now that's all changing," says Fennell. "We don't compete with the Carmikes and Regals."
There are only 6,000 theater complexes in the country, he says, and of those, 1,500 are single-screen cinemas like Vinegar Hill. That's where ATO-model films will appear.
ATO released Mao August 20 in about a dozen markets, in what's called a "platform release," says Fennell. By the local release September 24, it will be in about 50 markets.
"We want it there with word of mouth," he says.
Mao's Last Dancer is the true story of Chinese-born Li Cunxin, who is plucked from the impoverished world in which he was born to become the principal male dancer with the Houston Ballet. Directed by Bruce "Driving Miss Daisy" Beresford and starring Chi Cao and Amanda Schull, as well as Twin Peaks alums Kyle MacLachlan and Joan Chen, it's an "incredible story of will and perseverance," says Fennell.
Spoiler alert: Bring tissue. "It's hard not to weep at the end," warns Fennell.


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Township: 'Lady Liberty' a device, not a sign
West Chester says Liberty Tax performer violates zoning regulations
A judge will decide soon whether a West Chester business can use a costumed performer to help draw attention.
The township claims the Lady Liberty impersonator can't stand outside Liberty Tax on Tylersville Road because the display violates zoning requirements.
Attorneys for the township claim the waving performer is a device, not a sign.
"The way the definition works is, if someone puts on a costume in the context to try to attract business, attract passerby to a particular business, that person ceases being a person in a costume and becomes a device," said attorney Scott Phillips.
Business owner Kyle Garth has been engaged in a legal battle with the township since he opened three years ago. The Liberty Tax chain uses a similar tactic to draw customers outside more than 4,000 locations nationwide.
"I'd say we lost just about a third of our business just not being able to have anybody out there to wave," Garth said. "The bigger issue here is being able to employ people who would like to have this position."
Garth's attorney said there's no merit to the township's claims.
"If they say a costume is a device, just as a judges robe is a device, UPS uniform is a device, (then) Halloween costumes are a device, according to West Chester," said attorney Bob Smyth.
If the judge sides with Liberty Tax, the performer will go back to work in January. If not, the case could go to a jury trial.


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(L) Velvet Royal Blue Knot Floor Cushion
Rich, luxe and always elegant, velvet is our new favourite thing. Add a slice of style to your home with the help of our gorgeously knot floor cushions.
These floor cushions are beautiful and functional. The wooden rings, that tie the cushion together are hand made by our wonderful wood turner.
*We make each piece to order in our studio. Please allow 5-10 days for us to make & ship your purchase.
Size: 80X80 cm / 31.5X31.5 inch
Height: 35 cm / 14 inch
Materials: Beech wood, stiff foam filling, upholstery materials, polyester velvet fabric
Care: Spot clean with cold water and mild soap.
Read about our shipping, refunds and exchanges policies.
For any thoughts or questions please send us a Message and We'll be happy to answer ASAP.


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Thanksgiving is upon us, and right about now you are sitting down to a table laden with all the fixings: mashed potatoes and gravy, dressing, yams (with mini-marshmallows!), green beans, dinner rolls, cranberry sauce,and, of course – turkey. Thanksgiving would simply not be complete without The Bird.
Turkeys are not just any bird, they are our bird. The Meleagris gallopavo is native to the forests of North America, where it still roams in large flocks – and with an impressive disregard for traffic rules and fences. (I have encountered flocks of several dozen on my lawn.) Ben Franklin proposed the turkey as the official bird of the United States, and it enjoyed the place of honor on royal tables. Each year, at Thanksgiving, one of these magnificent birds receives a Presidential pardon.
Aside from its stature as a bird favored by both Ben Franklin and King Henry VIII, the turkey provides a wide range of health benefits.
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- With over 30g of protein in a 4-oz. serving (65% of the daily requirement for women), turkey is a rich source of protein. (A protein requirement calculator can be found HERE.)
- Turkey is low in fat – provided you don't eat the skin. White meat has less fat than the dark meat. Domestic turkeys consist of roughly 70 per cent white meat and 30 per cent dark meat.
- Turkey meat is a source of iron, zinc, potassium and phosphorus.
- It is also a source of selenium, which boosts immunity and serves as an antioxidant. Selenium is essential for thyroid hormone metabolism.
- Turkey is source of vitamin B6 and niacin, which are both essential for the body's energy production.
- Regular turkey consumption can help lower cholesterol levels, and can help keep insulin levels stable.
- Turkey contains the amino acid tryptophan, which is a precursor of serotonin, a neurotransmitter closely associated with mood, sleep and digestion. Serotonin also plays an important role in strengthening the immune system.
- Those with interstitial cystitis should limit their consumption of turkey – as well as all foods high in tryptophan, tyrosine, tyramine and aspartate. Because serotonin irritates the sensitive bladder lining of people with interstitial cystitis, people with this illness may feel an intensification of symptoms after consuming foods high in trytophan – such as turkey.
- Migraine sufferers often have the same, or similar, sensitivities to the foods that exacerbate interstitial cystitis. The most common migraine triggers are foods high in tyramine: aged cheeses, bananas, raisins, chicken livers, nuts, beans, cultured dairy products, soy sauce, processed meats (such as hot dogs and sausages), pickles, and, sadly, chocolate. Turkey can also provoke a migraine, even when it is not processed, so proceed with caution if you are prone to migraines.
- Rosacea, like migraines, can be triggered by certain foods. (The list is quite similar to the migraine list.) Rosacea is a skin condition typified by flushing and the formation of papules (similar to acne). There are a number of triggers that can cause an exacerbation of rosacea, including foods high in histamine. Because both histamine and serotonin increase blood vessel permeability, foods high in the precursors of these neurotransmitters can cause a flare-up.


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Funded by Metro Screen's First Break Program 2011, Money Tree is an animation about Solomon, a destitute African boy trapped in poverty and his dreams of becoming rich. One day while roaming the village market he finds a coin belonging to a female shopper. He decides against the easy option of purchasing food with the money because he cannot bear to part with the coin, and so seeks the advice of his older brother. Solomon's brother convinces him to grow a money tree by planting the coin, which he does. Unbeknownst to Solomon however his brother takes the coin at the first opportunity and he spends a week watering nothing. When he finally realises the truth Solomon is confronted with reality that he can never get something for nothing and that what goes around comes around. The film is directed by Hawanatu Bangura and will screen at the Legacy Film Festival in the UK.
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Meat species detection, screening & quantification
Imegen™ RapidFinder™ Meat ID Detection Kits have been developed in collaboration with Imegen to create a broad portfolio of real-time PCR-based animal species detection and quantification solutions. Among others, the range includes assay kits for beef, poultry, ruminant, equine and pork DNA in food and feed samples. The assays provide very high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) below the officially required level of 0.1%.
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These screening kits are designed for use with Applied Biosystems™ Nucleic Acid Extraction Kits, Applied Biosystems GMO Extraction Kit and Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR instrument. The RapidFinder™ Quant Multi-Meat Set, when used with one or more of the RapidFinder™ Meat ID kits, enables the simple and reliable determination of the percentage of a target meat species with respect to total meat in food and feed samples. The method involves detection of target species DNA by real-time PCR.


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Cave of the Apocalypse
The Cave of the Apocalypse is situated between the villages of Skala and Chora on the island of Patmos in Greece. It is in this cave that Christians believe St. John the Theologian saw Christ and visions of "fire and brimstone" that John dictated to his disciple, Prochoros, in what is known today as the Book of Revelation. It is said, that the Voice of God could be heard coming from the cleft of the rock that is still visible in the cave today. This rock is divided into three which Christians say symbolises the Holy Trinity. The cave is considered to be the first hermitage on the island because of the saint's presence. The view from this cave and the mysticism of the atmosphere is incredible.
Today, a pilgrim can see the place at which the Apocalypse was written, the place where St. John stayed, the massive rock that opened up in there and through which God dictated the Apocalypse to St. John, the point were the Evangelist lay his head to rest and a curve on the rock, which he would hold onto, in order to rise - the southern part of the cave has been turned into a church.
In this Holy cave, a little church was also built to honour the translation (metastasis) of the Evangelist, St. John (honoured every year September 26). Later, in the time of St. Christodoulos (1088), another little church was added to honour St. Anna, the mother of the Virgin Mary.
With the passing of time, the chain of hermits at the Cave, have contributed to the addition of cells and little churches around the Cave forming the current building structure in the region today.
Also, near the grounds, are buildings dedicated to the school of the Nation of Patmos, founded in 1713 by the deacon Makarios (Kalogeras). There are also small churches dedicated to St. John, St. Anna, St. Artemios and St. Nicholas.
The Brevium
The Brevium, is a documentary book called The Brevium of the Holy Monastery of Saint John the Theologian and contains written records from priests and hermits about the life of the monastery; beginning from 1552 and continuing to this present day.
In this book, the first written record of the death of a hermit was recorded by a Father Geramios in 1656 [1] about "Father Serafim from Kos died in the Apocalypse about 1634.".
Other important historical facts are recorded in this book including:
- The Archbishop of Samos, Joseph Georgirinis Milius lived in the Holy cave in 1671.
- the Archbishop wrote a description of the island of Patmos in which he mentions the hermitages and local worship of the area including a story about a fig tree growing in the area of the monastery showing hte letters of the word "Apocalypse".
- November 8, 1672 the Reverand Father Ioakim Matilas died in "Theoskepasti" [2].
- Makarios Kalogeras, the founder of the Patmiada lived and died in the Cave in 1737.
- the Metropolitan Daniel of Bizyes lived in the Cave for a while (d. August 13, 1813).
- the hermit Theokitsos from Axario of Asia Minor, used the Cave as a place for peace and finally dided in the Cave in March 29, 1917.
- the monk Ignatius Gazos the Fryos, lived for 45 years in the hermitage of Apollo and died December 11, 1918.
- the monk Isidoros Stratos died in the cave on May 25, 1943.
- Finally, the monk Amphilochios (Makris), director of the Apocalypse and the founder of the Holy Monastery of the Evangelismos, renovated the church of St. Anna and redecorated the walls with murals in 1925.
The Apocalypse cave is no longer used as a hermitage due to the location being recognised as an international shrine for Christian pilgrims.
World Heritage Classification, UNESCO
- Date of Inscription - 1999
- Reference No. 942
- Criteria: (iii), (iv) and (vi)
- (iii) - The town of Chorá on the island of Pátmos is one of the few settlements in Greece that have evolved uninterruptedly since the 12th century. There are few other places in the world where religious ceremonies that date back to the early Christian times are still being practised unchanged. [3]
- (iv) - The Monastery of Hagios Ioannis Theologos (Saint John the Theologian) and the Cave of the Apocalypse on the island of Pátmos, together with the associated medieval settlement of Chorá, constitute an exceptional example of a traditional Greek Orthodox pilgrimage centre of outstanding architectural interest. [4]
- (vi) - The Monastery of Hagios Ioannis Theologos and the Cave of the Apocalypse commemorate the site where St John the Theologian (Divine), the "Beloved Disciple", composed two of the most sacred Christian works, his Gospel and the Apocalypse. [5] [6]
- Documentations
- 1999, "Advisory Body Evaluation"
- 1999, "Nomination File" (9.886 MB file)
- 1999, Decision "Report of the 23rd Session of the Committee"
- ↑ Brevium, March 23, 1578
- ↑ Another reference for the Cave, in Greek.
- ↑ United Nations - Copyright © 1992-2008 UNESCO World Heritage Centre
- ↑ United Nations - Copyright © 1992-2008 UNESCO World Heritage Centre
- ↑ United Nations - Copyright © 1992-2008 UNESCO World Heritage Centre
- ↑ Note on Criterion (iv) - A delegate of Thailand raised the question of eligibility of criterion (vi). He thought that the criterion should be applied. This recommendation was also endorsed by ICOMOS and the Committee. Delegates and observers commended the high values of the site and decided to keep the criterion.
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777-P2 MotorSaver
777-P2 MotorSaver - In Stock
Is a fully programmable electronic overload relay. It is designed to monitor and protect any 3-phase 200-480VAC motor drawing 10-800 full load amps (external CTs are required above 90 amps).
Replaces 777 and 777-P/P1
777-P2 MotorSaver is a unit provides unsurpassed protection from faulty voltage, underload and overload conditions. Common applications include conveyor systems, HVAC equipment, saws and grinders, fan motors and almost any pumping application.
777-P2 Series units can be used as a stand-alone product or the RS-485 communications port can be used to form a network to communicate with a PC, PLC or SCADA system. The 777-P2 units can be used with CIO modules produced by SymCom for several types of communication protocols. Up to 99 model 777-P2 units can be networked together and monitored and controlled by SymCom's Solutions software. The units can also be connected to SymCom's remote monitors for a simple, cost-effective way to meet new requirements for arc-flash safety.
The 777-P2 units incorporate a 3-digit LED display that is used for programming, providing real-time operational information, and displaying diagnostic codes to aid in troubleshooting a fault condition.
The unit's many features include enhanced trip classes beyond the NEMA standard trip classes. The settable trip class range is 2-60, with or without jam protection, and a secondary linear trip delay can be set with a range of 0-60 seconds. If both trip class and linear trip delay are set, the 777-P2 will follow the faster trip time. Another feature is the automatic dry-well recovery timer that allows the unit to automatically select a restart delay based on the last cycle's run time. This allows the 777-P2 to optimize restart delay times.
The units can be pre-programmed with a 9-volt battery prior to actual installation. This can save a lot of time during initial installations and avoid subsequent service calls when commissioning new projects.
• Remote Displays (RM-1000/RM-2000)
• Communication Modules
• Remote Manual Reset Kit
• Solutions Software
• Protects 3-phase motors from:
• High voltage
• Low voltage
• Voltage unbalance
• Reverse-phase
• Overcurrent
• Undercurrent
• Current unbalance
• Single-phase
• Network programmable
• Programmable with 9-volt battery prior to installation
• Automatic reset with three separate restart delay timers, or manual reset
• Tamper guard
• RS-485 communications port (communications module sold separately)
• 3-digit LED diagnostic display
• Last fault memory
• 5-year warranty
• Made in USA
• UL and ULC listed
• CE compliant
• CSA approved
• Surface or DIN rail mount
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If anyone's going to conjure up a new character out of whole cloth to fit seamlessly into the world created by author J.R.R. Tolkien, it would be filmmaker Peter Jackson.
Jackson, the man behind the film adaptation of "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy and the three Hobbit prequels, would've earned a little trust from the fanbase. But he and his collaborators had to prove that the Woodland Elf Tauriel was worthy – not just to audiences, but also to Evangeline Lilly, the actress who plays her.
Tauriel – the feisty female captain of the Mirkwood Forest 's Elven guard, who at a mere 600 years old is a less advanced elf than previously seen in the franchise – was conceived by Jackson and his story and screenplay collaborators Fran Walsh (Jackson's wife) and Philippa Boyens as a means of both opening up the universe and introducing a woman into the male-dominated cast of characters.
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The Wooldland Elves who appear in "The Hobbit" novel are nameless, undeveloped characters. So the filmmakers drew upon references from appendices appearing in Tolkien's later works to flesh out roles like Lee Pace's elf king Thranduil, incorporate Orlando Bloom's "Rings" role as Legolas into to the story to help bridge the two trilogies, and finally craft Tauriel largely as an entry point for female fans.
"People always ask why we felt the need to create her," says Jackson. "In 'The Hobbit' novel, [Bilbo Baggins and the dwarves] are captured by the elves and they escape in the barrels, and it's a memorable part of the book, but actually the elf king is not even named – it was only later on that Tolkien decided that he should be Thranduil. And then he also decided that Thranduil had a son when 'The Lord of the Rings' was written, and 19 years later, he created the character of the son of the king [which became Legolas for the 'Hobbit' films]."
"So you've got material there, but you don't have a scene in a film that's memorable," says Jackson.
"We wanted three Elven characters who were all different, to create characters that have conflict with each other and have different agendas. Thranduil, Legolas, and Tauriel are all on different life paths, which make for more interesting ability for Fran and I to write the narratives through their eyes."
To realize their vision of Tauriel – a more reckless and impulsive elf than previously seen, and one who finds herself at the center of unexpected romance – Jackson thought of Lilly, impressed by her work on the television series "LOST" as the enigmatic, independent Kate Austen. But Lilly proved an elusive quarry, having largely retreated from Hollywood after "LOST" concluded.
"What's so strange about retiring at 30? I think that's most people's dream!" laughs Lilly. "I had retired into what I thought would be a real life of quiet motherhood and writing and didn't really plan on taking any more acting gigs. It had been about at least five years since I had taken a meeting or engaged in a new project. I was just off the grid, so to speak."
So far off, in fact, that after several thwarted attempts Jackson had to find his way to her through a production team member who happened to once work with her romantic partner. "He got a text message one day saying, 'Peter Jackson's trying to reach Evangeline. Do you think she might be able to pick up the phone, please?'"
The filmmakers discovered that Lilly was a bona fide Tolkien fan. "Because 'The Hobbit' was my favorite book as a little girl and the Silvan elves were my favorite characters in the book, it would be a dream come true to play one," she recalls. "Then they said, 'Your character's not in the book.' And I took great pause, as a great fan of Tolkien – I kind of gulped and went, 'Wha-ha? What? Everyone's going to hate me.' But it didn't take long for them to completely convince me that it was the right thing to do, and that it was a good idea."
"Feminine energy was lacking," says Boyens. "Professor Tolkien wrote fantastic female characters. He just didn't write one for 'The Hobbit.' Evangeline understood that immediately, and she was brave and she said yes."
"To his defense, Tolkien was writing in 1937, and the world is a different place today," says Lilly. "In this day and age, to put nine hours of cinema entertainment in theaters for young girls to go and watch and not have one female character is subliminally telling them, 'You don't count. You're not important and you're not pivotal to story.' And I just think that they were very brave and very right in saying, 'We won't do that to the young female audience who come and watch our film.' Not just the young female audience, but even a woman of my own age. I think it's time that we stop making stories that are only about men, especially only about heroic men. And I love that they made Tauriel a hero."
The filmmakers also wanted to explore Tauriel's emotional life. "I remember that moment where I said, 'And this is a love story,'" recalls Boyens as she pitched the premise to Lilly. "'It's not a conventional love story…It's with a dwarf.' And there was a silence." But as Boyens revealed that a romantic spark would ignite between Tauriel and Kili, a member of Thorin Oakenshield's dwarvish followers played by Aidan Turner, the actress was quickly swayed.
"I agreed to the job under one condition, they agreed to the condition, and that condition was in place for two years: the condition was I will not be involved in a love triangle," chuckles Lilly, whose "LOST" character endlessly careened between Jack and Sawyer. "I'd had it up to here with love triangles. And sure enough, I come back for re-shoots in 2012 and they go 'We've made a few adjustments to the love story.'"
"That was a 'whoops' moment," says Boyens after re-conceiving the character dynamics to add hints of deeper feeling toward Tauriel from Legolas. "What happened was when we saw it playing, that first exchange of looks between Kili and Legolas, was just kind of perfect…Legolas hates dwarves in 'The Fellowship of the Rings.' This is animosity. That had to come from somewhere."
Along with understanding the filmmakers' ultimate vision for Tauriel, Lilly then got to indulge in her long-nurtured fantasy. "Seeing myself for the first time on screen as an elf – because I'm a real Tolkien geek, and I had dreamed about being an elf since I was a little girl, there was an incredible amount of satisfaction and dream realization," she says. "The ears and the wig and the actual visual was very, very exciting…You don't feel them once they're on. You forget they're there, which is the mark of how talented the prosthetic team is."
The athletic actress also had to dedicate herself to a challenging training regimen, having allowed herself a relaxing stretch of time away from strict workouts after becoming a mother. "I was not in as good shape as I would liked to have been," she admits.
"I went through five different types of training. I did weapons training, stunt training, movement training, dialect training, and language training. And the weapons training, there were two different weapons. I had double daggers and a bow and arrow. Believe it or not, as a teenager I used to teach archery to little kids at a camp, but I'm not a good marksman."
"She's just one hundred percent committed to the role," says Jackson, who became comfortable with Lilly as Tauriel. "I have spent more time in her company when she's wearing the wig and the ears…I never see the actors. They walk on set ready to go, they shoot, and they go home at the end of the day, and I'm just not used to any of that stuff. To see them as humans – it's rather disturbing."


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IT pros are accustomed to handling unexpected crises, such as when hardware fails or a cloud service has an outage. But it seems many IT leaders haven't considered what will happen if they're suddenly unable to work.
Strategic Guide to IT Talent Management
More than three-quarters (79%) of CIOs polled by Robert Half Technology said they haven't identified a successor in the event they had to stop working unexpectedly. Just 20% of the 1,400 CIOs have a successor in place, and the remaining 1% are unsure.
PAYDAY: Top CIOs take home seven-figure pay packages
"Succession planning is critical for an organization's long-term success, yet it's a task that's often overlooked," said John Reed, senior executive director of Robert Half Technology, in a statement. "By taking proactive steps to identify and develop future leaders, a manager's departure is a workable issue instead of an imminent crisis."
4 Personas of the Next-Generation CIO
Succession planning is beneficial not only for the CIOs, who can delegate more responsibilities, but also for the named successors, who are given an opportunity to build their skills and, in turn, might become more loyal to their companies, Reed added.
On the issue of choosing a successor, Robert Half Technology points out that it may not be the most obvious choice -- the second in command -- but rather someone else who's more suited to a leadership role. "Look for candidates who best display the skills necessary to excel in the role -- including both strong technical aptitude and leadership abilities -- regardless of title," the firm recommends.
Companies should take their time identifying and grooming a CIO successor, include prospective managers in strategy discussions to help them acquire planning and leadership skills, and provide ongoing feedback to proteges, the firm also recommends.
Lastly, Robert Half Technology suggests taking a trial run. "A vacation is a good time to have a potential successor assume some of your responsibilities. The employee will gain experience while you learn how prepared the person is to take on a greater role." [Also see: "IT headcount expected to rise in Q4, CIOs say"]
Ann Bednarz covers IT careers, outsourcing and Internet culture for Network World. Follow Ann on Twitter at @annbednarz and check out her blog, Occupational Hazards. Her email address is firstname.lastname@example.com.
Read more about infrastructure management in Network World's Infrastructure Management section.
This story, "CIO Succession Plans Lacking, Study Finds" was originally published by Network World.
Next read this:
- Top 9 challenges IT leaders will face in 2020
- Top 5 strategic priorities for CIOs in 2020
- 7 'crackpot' technologies that might transform IT
- 8 technologies that will disrupt business in 2020
- 7 questions CIOs should ask before taking a new job
- 7 ways to position IT for success in 2020
- The 9 new rules of IT leadership
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After closing just a fraction below January's high, prices appear set to open higher, thus pushing the SPX over the top. Below is a 60 minute chart of the DOW futures on the left and 5 minute version of S&P futures on the right:
The dollar is lower and exactly touched its rising uptrend line from December. Bonds turned sharply lower, they are sitting right back down on the very large H&S pattern's neckline. A break for bonds below that neckline will signal much higher interest rates in the months ahead. Oil is higher, gold is about flat.
Note that prices rose to new highs overnight before any economic news this morning. Then came retail sales which look, well pathetic, but are being much trumpeted by the media. For February, "the bad weather month," retail sales rose .3% which was higher than expected by the supposed experts. Note that the year over year comparison weakened compared to January and that comparisons are now relative to the height of the financial freeze. These Retail Sales numbers are for surviving stores only! They do not look at overall sales dollars and compare them to last year, yet another very flawed statistic, one that does not match sales tax receipts. Yet we are going to party like it's 1999! Here's Econoday:
Apparently, consumers more than caught up on spending when the snow melted as February sales were much stronger than expected for that snow bound month. Overall retail sales in February rose 0.3 percent after rebounding 0.1 percent in January. The gain was higher than the consensus forecast for a 0.2 percent slip. But the gain was far better after discounting a drop in auto sales. Excluding autos, sales in February jumped a sharp 0.8 percent, following a 0.5 percent boost the month before. Excluding both autos and gasoline, February sales spiked 0.9 percent, following a 0.5 percent rise in January.
The consumer is spending more than most economists and analysts have been expecting. Most likely, those with jobs are more confident about the economy staying strong enough for them to keep their jobs and are more willing to spend.
The February jump in sales was broad based but leading the increase were electronics & appliance stores, up 3.7 percent; miscellaneous store retailers, up 2.5 percent; food & beverages, up 1.3 percent; and sporting goods, hobby, book & music stores, up 1.2 percent.
Overall retail sales on a year-ago basis in February decreased to up 3.9 percent, from up 4.1 percent in the prior month. Excluding motor vehicles, the year-on-year rate slipped to 4.2 percent from 4.3 percent in January.
Oh yeah, the consumer is going to lead us out of this recession. Try the $2 Trillion increase in government spending has created a temporary debt pushing drug high.
Consumer Sentiment is released just before 10 Eastern.
Has everyone caught the news about the off balance sheet transactions that were occurring at Lehman before they failed and is most likely occurring at the current large banks? Quite the accounting scandal, it's ongoing, and the scale of it is going to make Enron look like Kindergarten by the time it's all exposed. And no surprise, little Timmy Geithner, Dick Fuld and the SEC all KNEW about the fraud. Totally corrupt, the debt pushers are addicts who now are so far gone that they cannot survive without breaking the law.
There was yet another small change on McClelland Oscillator yesterday, meaning that we'll likely see a large move in price within the next two days.
We have a potential DOW Theory non-confirmation in play should the Industrials fail to close above their January high. The daily charts are about as overbought as they have ever been. This move over the past two weeks was parabolic, sending daily Stochastic readings well above the 99% level. This is manic buying, a party that is eerily similar to both 1999 and to 2007.
Dr. McHugh, our Swarm target yesterday and Elliott Wave expert, has identified two possible scenarios should the DOW confirm the new high along with the rest of the indices. One is that this has been wave 5 up and that it will lead to a flat with a more shallow next wave down, but the other possibility is the following in his words:
"…should prices rise above the January 19th 2010 highs. Stocks could be completing a double Zig Zag for Supercylce degree wave (B) up, correcting the decline from October 2007 through March 2009. If so, we would look for a top around 11,100ish, the 200 week moving average in the Industrials. That top could possibly arrive around our April 7th phi mate turn date, and probably be this year's version of the spring equinox cycle turn.
The same count is possible in the S&P 500 should it rise above its January 19th, 2010 top. A double Zig Zag.
If this alternate labeling is occurring, unfortunately for markets and our economy, it means the Grand Supercycle Degree wave {IV} Zig Zag scenario is very likely, and catastrophic wave (C ) down is next, with a possible downside target toward zero.
Just a possibility though, so no worries – keep the party and that beautiful accounting fraud rolling. If you didn't realize that criminals are running our financial system and our country, you do now. Karl Denninger wrote a short piece on it, time to start getting educated on the latest Lehman - Where Are The Cops?
Oh yeah, it's time to Party like its 1999!


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Many of the plans for addressing climate change rely on 20- to 50-year roadmaps of increased efficiency and use of renewable energy. But, as Nobel Laureate Robert Laughlin pointed out in his talk at the Lindau Meeting, we're going to have to deal with alternative technologies on that time scale no matter what—many projections indicate we're going to be out of oil within 60 years (usable coal will last a century and a half longer, give or take). So, even if you don't think climate change is something to worry about, Laughlin suggested you might want to be thinking about the sorts of technologies we'd need to do without fossil fuels—and that, in turn, requires some thought about what existing technologies we'd want to bring forward.
Laughlin got his Nobel for providing a theoretical explanation for some odd behavior of bulk electrons, recognizing that they were acting as if they were a quantum fluid. Energy policy is only related in that the energy used to run cars and airplanes involves shuffling electrons around in chemical bonds, but it's what he's thinking about these days.
For many purposes, we shuffle the electrons by burning hydrocarbons, which are useful because they have a fantastic energy density. Batteries can provide electrons for a number of uses, like short-distance road transit, but they simply don't have an energy:mass ratio that's compatible with things like aircraft or long-distance travel, and Laughlin didn't think they were likely to get there. Biofuels might be a partial replacement, but he was unwilling to make a bet on a technology that might ultimately compete with food supplies.
Hydrogen, when compressed, can have a decent energy density, but its high-pressure storage and explosive tendencies make it a very iffy choice for things like aircraft. Laughlin made an explicit comparison between the slow-burn of jet fuel, which has enabled some orderly evacuations of aircraft, to the explosive demise of the Hindenburg. In essence, he suggested, the best way to store hydrogen for use in transportation is as a hydrocarbon. And, give or take the errors in various sources, we've only got about 60 years of liquid hydrocarbons left—assuming we're willing to accept the climate consequences of burning it all.
One alternative would be to find a way to do without some of the things we currently rely on hydrocarbons for. Laughlin seemed to be giving his talk with the assumption that the electric grid, if needed, could be transitioned to something else. But he (and most of his audience) was skeptical that we'd be willing to do without cars. He said that in conversations around the world in many different cultures, the universals tended to be worries about a person's home, their children's' education, and getting a nicer car. He just doesn't see people giving up on that sort of autonomous personal mobility, nor did he expect that electric vehicles being able to fully handle all the driving needed.
Airplanes are even worse, since there's no way to substitute anything for the hydrocarbons that fuel them without giving up almost all of their carrying capacity. We may cut back on air travel if the price is high enough, but Laughlin doesn't see their use ending entirely, in part because militaries will keep the technology afloat. (He also made a joke about a businessman calling home and informing his wife he'd be late for dinner, since he had to swim home from France.)
So, we'll want liquid hydrocarbons, but we'll inevitably run out. What happens then? Laughlin suggested that there's a real risk of political instability as oil supplies run short and prices destabilize; he warned that the younger people in the audience were likely to be around to see that, and their children would be of the age where they'd be expected to manage the transition. But, ultimately, he expected we'd end up turning to another hydrocarbon, coal, and the use of the Fischer-Tropsch process to transform it into liquid fuel at the cost of some significant energy input.
That could buy us another 150 years or more, based on current coal reserves. But some of these reserves are unlikely to ever be harvested economically, and the environmental costs of coal tend to be far higher than those of oil, so the planet's full supply of coal is unlikely to come into play. Once we used the accessible supplies up, Laughlin could only guess what might take place; feeding the Fischer-Tropsch infrastructure with algae grown in saltwater was one idea.
The point of his talk wasn't so much to make accurate predictions of the precise trajectory of hydrocarbon reserves or to focus on a particular technological solution. Instead, Laughlin thinks that the arguments over climate change have become a distraction; the sorts of time periods involved for many solutions to it are only off by a few decades from when the energy economy would be undergoing radical changes anyway. If we could actually plan for the ultimate eventuality—the absence of hydrocarbons—instead of whether it should come about through legislation or combustion, we might be able to get somewhere.
What we should be getting, Laughlin implied, is the development of technologies that actually provide us with the sorts of services that we're ultimately going to want, like long-distance car trips and airplane flights. Although it was never stated explicitly, the clear subtext of the whole discussion was that fixes that don't give people what they want aren't going to end up being fixes at all.
One thing that was less explicit (and, unfortunately, I forgot to ask Laughlin about this when I talked with him the next day) was the issue of pushing sustainable technology out before we actually need it. A heavy push for sustainable tech such as renewable fuels could help push back the deadlines on the end of the fossil fuels, and insulate society from some of the worst disruptions caused by short supplies and skyrocketing prices. The fact that an early push could help limit the impact of climate change would be an obvious bonus.