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If it seems like there are suddenly more bike routes in our community, you are not mistaken!
In the last two years, Minneapolis has nearly doubled its bike routes on city streets from 45 miles to 81 miles (as well as 85 miles of off-street bikeways). St. Paul has 77 miles of on-street bike routes, with more in the works, and many suburbs, such as Edina, Richfield, Falcon Heights and Roseville, are adding new bike routes or have plans in the works.
As part of expanding the network for bicycling in the city, Minneapolis has installed several new kinds of on-street bike routes (not including off-street bicycling paths). The result is several new kinds of treatments on the road, including cycle tracks, bicycle boulevards, sharrows, green paint and a variety of bike lanes. In this week's column, we'll focus on the different types of bike lanes.
About bike lanes
The Federal Highway Administration defines bike lanes as "a portion of the roadway which has been designated by striping, signing and pavement marking for the preferential or exclusive use by bicyclists." For the most part, bike lanes are one-way (carrying bicyclists in the same direction as adjacent motorized traffic), on the right side of the roadway, and located between the traffic lane and the parking lane (if there is one).
Designated bike lanes offer several benefits to all roadway users, including motorists and pedestrians:
With bike lanes present, motorists and bicyclists both have greater clarity about where they belong on the roadway. And, they stay in safer, more central positions in their respective lanes, according to recent research by the University of Texas. When passing bicyclists, motorists decreased their incidences of wide swerves into adjacent lanes (nearly nine out of 10 times) or close passes. And bicyclists traveled a more predictably straight path within the bike lane.
In addition, adding designated bicycle lanes typically has a calming effect on vehicle traffic. For example, a study by the Smart Growth Network found that a city in Washington was able to dramatically reduce average vehicle speed from 44 mph to 35 mph (the posted speed limit) by converting a busy two-lane suburban road into a roadway with narrower traffic lanes, bike lanes, landscaping and sidewalks.
Bicyclists are also less likely to ride on sidewalks when bike lanes are present. Studies have shown that bicyclists increase their accident risk by 25 times when riding on the sidewalk, due to the fact that motorists typically focus on street traffic, and do not notice bicyclists suddenly exiting sidewalks onto the street, and the risk of pedestrian crashes.
Roadway cost-savings
Adding bicycle lanes to existing streets can be comparatively inexpensive for cities, especially compared with creating off-street bike paths. Bike lanes can be added simply with paint or (for longer-lasting results) by grinding down the pavement and adding special reflective tape.
Types of bike lanes
Within the broader category of different kinds of bike routes, you're likely to see three kinds of bike lanes on area streets:
Traditional bike lanes
These are the most common of bike lanes. They are typically at least 5 feet wide, and marked by solid white lane markings. Motorists may not drive or park on bike lanes. Some bike lanes include areas of green paint to highlight locations where motorists merge across or turn across a bike lane. The green paint is to alert motorists they must yield to thru bicyclists.
Buffered bike lanes
These are traditional bike lanes that are buffered from immediately adjacent motor vehicle traffic by painted white chevrons. Look for buffered bike lanes on Emerson & Fremont avenues in North Minneapolis, on 1st and Blaisdell avenues in South Minneapolis, and on the recently re-installed bike lanes on Park and Portland Avenues downtown. Motor vehicles may not drive on top of buffered bike lanes.
Advisory bike lanes
These bike lanes have a dashed rather than solid line, indicating that motorists CAN drive over them when no bicycles are present. They are typically installed on streets too narrow to accommodate traditional bike lanes, and that have lower traffic volumes and low posted speeds. The center stripe is often removed from these streets because of the narrowness of the road. If no bicycle is present, motorists ride on top of the dashed bike lanes. If bicyclists are using the lane, motorists pass using the center space when it is safe to do so. Advisory lanes can be found on East 14th Street in Minneapolis and on Wooddale Road and West 54th Street in Edina.
New lane markings are one way that cities are using existing roadway to better accommodate bicycles and motorists — and maintain safety. Learning these types of bike lane configurations may take some time, practice and patience, but the reward is a likely much safer, free-flowing and effective traffic community. To learn more about all of the new bike way markings in Minneapolis, go to the city's website at: minneapolismn.gov/bicycles/understanding-bicycle-markings.
Hilary Reeves is communications director for Bike Walk Twin Cities.


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The Boy Scouts of Melrose Troop 68 used to be very good with performing campfire songs and skits. The troop looked forward to performing at camporees and summer camp campfire programs. There were many times we would take a popular skit or song, change it up a bit, and make it something new. Today's post to the Melrose Scout Productions Podcast demonstrates one example of that trait.
Our troop had been attending a week of camp at Many Point Scout Camp in northern Minnesota for a few years when we came up with the idea for a new song to perform. We wanted to do something that poked some fun at the camp, and something the campers could identify with. We picked the popular song by the Village People because everyone knew the tune to YMCA. We completely changed the lyrics and the actions and came up with our version of M.P.S.C. The song was a hit when we performed it at the closing campfire.
This video features the Boy Scouts of Troop 68 performing this song during their 2000 Laughs For Lunch Show, held at the Melrose High School auditorium. So get out of that chair, stand up, and join the Scouts as they sing their version of M.P.S.C.
Click here to DOWNLOAD and watch this Podcast.
Subscribe to the Melrose Scout Productions Podcast at http://feeds2.feedburner.com/melrosescoutingproductions
or through iTunes (and rate the show).
Don't forget to leave a comment below, or at the iTunes store.


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Pope: 'The Virginity of Mary and the Divinity of Jesus Reciprocally Guarantee One Another'
Mary's Yes to God's will allowed her to 'welcome Jesus and his divine life within,' the Holy Father said Dec. 18.
VATICAN CITY (EWTN News/CNA)—Pope Benedict XVI said Dec. 18 that the virginity of Mary guarantees Jesus' divinity because it proves the Incarnation is solely the work of God.
"The human being that begins to live in her womb takes the flesh from Mary, but his existence is derived entirely from God," said the Pope in his final Sunday Angelus address before Christmas.
"The fact that Mary conceived while remaining a virgin is, therefore, essential to the understanding of Jesus and our faith, because it witnesses that it was God's initiative, and, above all, it reveals who is conceived."
So while Jesus is "fully human" and "made of earth," he "comes from above, from heaven" and is truly "the Son of God."
Thus, said the Pope, "the virginity of Mary and the divinity of Jesus reciprocally guarantee one another."
Pope Benedict made his remarks to several thousand visitors gathered in St. Peter's Square. He drew upon the Gospel reading, in which the Angel Gabriel told Mary, "Behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus."
The Pope noted that this fulfilled the "age-old promise" of Isaiah, who prophesied seven to eight centuries before that "a virgin shall conceive and bear a son and call him Immanuel."
Pope Benedict then explained the importance of the fact that Mary was "very upset" at the Angel Gabriel's news and asked, "How can this be, since I have no relations with a man?"
"In her simplicity, Mary is wise," said the Pope. "She does not doubt the power of God, but wants to better understand his will, to fully comply with this will."
While Mary is "infinitely surpassed" by the mystery of the Incarnation, the Pope reflected, she also "perfectly occupies the place that, at the very heart of it, she was assigned."
Her "heart and mind are fully humble," and because of this "singular humility, God expects the 'Yes' of this young girl to achieve his purpose" while still fully respecting "her dignity and freedom," he said.
"Mary's 'Yes' means both motherhood and virginity," Pope Benedict observed.
He finished his reflection on Mary's virginity and Jesus' conception by highlighting the spiritual significance of her faith. Mary's willingness to trust deeply in God and his plan, despite being a virgin, allowed her to "welcome Jesus and his divine life within.
"This is the mystery of Christmas."


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Right before Caleb and Candra Pence's outdoor Kansas wedding was set to begin, an ominous wall cloud formed on the horizon. During the ceremony, a tornado snaked toward the ground. But rather than interrupting their nuptials, retreating to the basement, and playing mildewed board games by candlelight for the next hour, the couple gave no fucks, and proceed as planned. This is Kansas, motherfuckers. Tornados aren't shit.
The bull rider and barrel racer followed the ceremony by posing calmly in front of the natural disaster occurring several miles behind them, and then riding horses to the reception site. A torrent of rain followed almost immediately after everyone was safely inside.
If anyone was worried that perhaps the Pence couple had smiled while children were being flung around and humans impaled by flying garden implements several miles away, relax — the storms occurred in a remote enough area that no people were hurt.
And with that, the Pences have earned the right to forever scoff at people complaining about bad weather.
Mazel tov, you crazy kids.


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Fear Gauge Shows Nerves of Steel
Measures of volatility in U.S. markets are pointing to relative calm, but some investors say the low readings are a sign of complacency. Steven Russolillo reports on Markets Hub. Photo: Bloomberg.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... fiscal cliff obvious and talking about so much for them so much the market to worry about it ... and when ... worried about it Steve Russolillo sitting at home ... to the ... scene in all it's been a while it's been awhile ... let's talk with his of millions and seen the stock market going down ... we impressed with some of the fiscal cliff is the big story about the drama in Washington ... but by some measures in the markets when not ... you cannot per bottle and can get you know that the Vicks is that the indicator that we really follow up close to the market follows closely in this or that the market's so-called fear gauge and basically ... when that their type times of stress in the market that extends the rocket higher when times are pretty common fixes pre well ... now the bases of around fifteen which is well below its historical average and it's it's strange a lot people are viewing this with the cost is high because they're saying ... fiscal cliff is a big concern why is there twice in the Madre on the market and see there you know that up to present it for me he has been low throughout this entire fall sell right and the one big hit on concern the one big comparison of remain in the story today was that ... this same six weeks before the debt ceiling debacle in early August of just eleven weeks before that he was also around fifteen was also shown pre come of it so ... back then even though people knew that that that soon was coming ... there was a much feared market ... analysts of the debt ceiling came ... you have that that that downgraded the was the right of rating was downgraded and the market shot when Lawler odd that was the dollhouse lanes and the banks went from fifteen pts was high as forty soared nearly to be more than tripled ... in the matter of weeks so now you passport today ... he still let you in a similar pattern developing here the bases around fifteen it's a blow for a while ... and the worry is if the if the negotiations are as contentious as they were a year ago ... the Vics could end stock the sky rocket higher ahead of the similar thing were to happen you could see some fall so the market now one difference being in this lot people point to is ... December is historically low Balto kind in the end of the year ... the market contends the slowly move higher ... but you know if you look at the store opens though we didn't have a fiscal cliff coming in here and this creepy it so that's the game you could stocks fall in the news to all my guide investors were not the scope of the new the victim soon enough ... he is the sort of a move the markets vote on what would happen in Washington the market saying it will come up with something ... that's easier than the consensus rate now is that something some sort of deal will happen ... the D tells us about the whole nother story but some sort of deal will be hammered out in the coastal eleventh hour so you're seeing that not just in stocks the scene gold mixed with silver picture CNN on these other markets to what ultimately is really well and so ... the old one market to be put out where it's not so well with the high yield market ... and so that's that's a lot people wary that yield is getting too pricey so ... but that's that that that the home of the market but at a rate now that we just seems that for stocks gold or silver ... volatility is low people are calm ... there's now a few out there


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Because of Winn-Dixie
Paperback, 182 pages, Candlewick Pr, List Price: $6.99 |purchase
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Book Summary
When 10-year-old India Opal Buloni finds a big, mangy hound wreaking havoc on the local Winn-Dixie supermarket, she takes him home with her to save him from being sent to the pound. She names the stray Winn-Dixie, and he inspires her to start making new friends.
NPR stories about Because of Winn-Dixie
Note: Book excerpts are provided by the publisher and may contain language some find offensive.
Excerpt: Because Of Winn-Dixie
Chapter One
My name is India Opal Buloni, and last summer my daddy, the preacher, sent me to the store for a box of macaroni-and-cheese, some white rice, and two tomatoes and I came back with a dog. This is what happened: I walked into the produce section of the Winn-Dixie grocery store to pick out my two tomatoes and I almost bumped right into the store manager. He was standing there all red-faced, screaming and waving his arms around.
"Who let a dog in here?" he kept on shouting. "Who let a dirty dog in here?"
At first, I didn't see a dog. There were just a lot of vegetables rolling around on the floor, tomatoes and onions and green peppers. And there was what seemed like a whole army of Winn-Dixie employees running around waving their arms just the same way the store manager was waving his.
And then the dog came running around the corner. He was a big dog. And ugly. And he looked like he was having a real good time. His tongue was
hanging out and he was wagging his tail. He skidded to a stop and smiled right at me. I had never before in my life seen a dog smile, but that is what he did. He pulled back his lips and showed me all his teeth. Then he wagged his tail so hard that he knocked some oranges off a display, and they went rolling everywhere, mixing in with the tomatoes and onions and green peppers.
The manager screamed, "Somebody grab that dog!"
The dog went running over to the manager, wagging his tail and smiling. He stood up on his hind legs. You could tell that all he wanted to do was get face to face with the manager and thank him for the good time he was having in the produce department, but somehow he ended up knocking the manager over. And the manager must have been having a bad day, because lying there on the floor, right in front of everybody, he started to cry. The dog leaned over him, real concerned, and licked his face.
"Please," said the manager. "Somebody call the pound."
"Wait a minute!" I hollered. "That's my dog. Don't call the pound."
All the Winn-Dixie employees turned aroundand looked at me, and I knew I had done something big. And maybe stupid, too. But I couldn't help it. I
couldn't let that dog go to the pound.
"Here, boy," I said.
The dog stopped licking the manager's face and put his ears up in the air and looked at me, like he was trying to remember where he knew me from.
"Here, boy," I said again. And then I figured that the dog was probably just like everybody else in the world, that he would want to get called by a name, only I didn't know what his name was, so I just said the first thing that came into my head. I said, "Here, Winn-Dixie."
And that dog came trotting over to me just like he had been doing it his whole life.
The manager sat up and gave me a hard stare, like maybe I was making fun of him.
"It's his name," I said. "Honest."
The manager said, "Don't you know not to bring a dog into a grocery store?"
"Yes sir," I told him. "He got in by mistake. I'm sorry. It won't happen again.
"Come on, Winn-Dixie," I said to the dog.
I started walking and he followed along behindme as I went out of the produce department and down the cereal aisle and past all the cashiers and out the door.
Once we were safe outside, I checked him over real careful and he didn't look that good. He was big, but skinny; you could see his ribs. And there
were bald patches all over him, places where he didn't have any fur at all. Mostly, he looked like a big piece of old brown carpet that had been left out in the rain.
"You're a mess," I told him. "I bet you don't belong to anybody."
He smiled at me. He did that thing again, where he pulled back his lips and showed me his teeth. He smiled so big that it made him sneeze. It was like he was saying, "I know I'm a mess. Isn't it funny?"
It's hard not to immediately fall in love with a dog who has a good sense of humor.
"Come on," I told him. "Let's see what the preacher has to say about you."
And the two of us, me and Winn-Dixie, started walking home.


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This much-loved tale is the first of Kipling's Just So stories to feature in the Usborne Reading Programme, with many more planned. The Usborne Reading Programme features more than 350 books across seven levels, and is aimed at children who are learning to read. First Reading Level 1 is for children who are just beginning to read independently.
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Dead as a doornail is a common idiom, but what exactly is a doornail, and why is it dead? The saying goes at least as far back as the 1350's, and may simply refer to the fact that the nails used to make big, heavy doors were securely fixed in place – the modifier dead having the same sort of unequivocal sense suggested in the expression "dead certain." This is part of a complete episode.
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Saints tackle Jermon Bushrod named to NFC's Pro Bowl squad
Bushrod to replace 49ers tackle Joe Staley
New Orleans Saints tackle Jermon Bushrod has been named to the NFC's Pro Bowl squad.
According to the Saints, Bushrod, 6-5, 315, is in his sixth NFL season after originally being picked by the team in the fourth round of the 2007 NFL Draft out of Towson.
In 2012, Bushrod started all 16 games at left tackle for the third consecutive season, anchoring an offensive line that surrendered only 26 sacks, tied for the third-lowest total in the league.
The King George, Va. native blocked for offensive unit that finished ranked first in the NFC and second in the NFL in net yards per game (410.9) and led the conference and was second in the league in scoring (28.8 points per game).
Overall, Bushrod has appeared in 66 games with 62 starts at left tackle in his six-year career in New Orleans.
It is Bushrod's second consecutive Pro Bowl selection, said the National Football League.
According to the Saints, Bushrod will join quarterback Drew Brees, guard Jahri Evans and pubter Thomas Morstead as the fourth Saint to participate in the Pro Bowl. It marks the fourth consecutive year the Saints have at least four Pro Bowl selections.
The league said Bushrod will replace San Francisco 49ers tackle Joe Staley at the Pro Bowl.


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|March 2, 2009, 10:32 PM
Join Date: April 22, 2008
Posts: 58
Carry pistol without permit?
What are the penalties if you are caught carrying a pistol without a concealed carry permit? Some parts of town I would like to be able to carry a pistol but I don't like the idea of being taged, bagged, photographed and having blood samples taken in order to do something that should be a right. So if I decide to start carrying without a permit what kind of trouble would I be in if I get caught without a permit?
|March 2, 2009, 10:44 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 9, 2008
Location: Puget Sound Washington
Posts: 1,553
That would depend on the state.. It can range from a misdemeanor to a felony. I wouldn't recommend it.
Alabama: Except as otherwise provided in this Code, a person who carries concealed about his person a bowie knife or knife or instrument of like kind or description or a pistol or firearm of any other kind or an air gun shall, on conviction, be fined not less than $50.00 nor more than $500.00, and may also be imprisoned in the county jail or sentenced to hard labor for the county for not more than six months.
Virginia: A. If any person carries about his person, hidden from common observation, (i) any pistol, revolver, or other weapon designed or intended to propel a missile of any kind by action of an explosion of any combustible material; (ii) any dirk, bowie knife, switchblade knife, ballistic knife, machete, razor, slingshot, spring stick, metal knucks, or blackjack; (iii) any flailing instrument consisting of two or more rigid parts connected in such a manner as to allow them to swing freely, which may be known as a nun chahka, nun chuck, nunchaku, shuriken, or fighting chain; (iv) any disc, of whatever configuration, having at least two points or pointed blades which is designed to be thrown or propelled and which may be known as a throwing star or oriental dart; or (v) any weapon of like kind as those enumerated in this subsection, he shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor. A second violation of this section or a conviction under this section subsequent to any conviction under any substantially similar ordinance of any county, city, or town shall be punishable as a Class 6 felony, and a third or subsequent such violation shall be punishable as a Class 5 felony. For the purpose of this section, a weapon shall be deemed to be hidden from common observation when it is observable but is of such deceptive appearance as to disguise the weapon's true nature.
Washington State: 2)(a) A person shall not carry or place a loaded pistol in any vehicle unless the person has a license to carry a concealed pistol and: (i) The pistol is on the licensee's person, (ii) the licensee is within the vehicle at all times that the pistol is there, or (iii) the licensee is away from the vehicle and the pistol is locked within the vehicle and concealed from view from outside the vehicle.
(b) A violation of this subsection is a misdemeanor
Florida: 2) A person who carries a concealed firearm on or about his or her person commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
"If someone has a gun and is trying to kill you, it would be reasonable to shoot back with your own gun." The Dalai Llama (5/15/01, The Seattle Times)
"That rifle on the wall of the labourer's cottage or working class flat is the symbol of democracy. It is our job to see that it stays there." George Orwell
|March 2, 2009, 10:48 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: June 25, 2006
Location: Indiana
Posts: 246
brasslinger, where do you live? My state only wanted dna, ss# of my 1st born, title to my home, and length of my middle digit, wow your state is tough!!!!
"I see dead people"........okay i really only see people i want dead!
Last edited by chadwick76; March 2, 2009 at 10:53 PM.
|March 2, 2009, 10:51 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 9, 2004
Posts: 340
Are You Serious?
Hire a lawyer in your state to answer your question. Better yet, pay the fee, take the test, and get the permit. If you don't live in a state that will give you a permit, then move. Otherwise, obey the laws where you live. You make us all look bad with questions like this.
|March 2, 2009, 10:52 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: July 20, 2005
Location: Indiana
Posts: 10,248
I predict this thread will close soon as it is off topic for the rifle forum and discussing a crime. Both types of posts are generally not looked upon well around here.
Smith, and Wesson, and Me. -H. Callahan
Well waddaya know, one buwwet weft! -E. Fudd
All bad precedents begin as justifiable measures. -J. Caesar
|March 2, 2009, 10:55 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 9, 2008
Location: Puget Sound Washington
Posts: 1,553
I don't think anyone is discussing a crime... Just trying to decide what the right thing to do is. Obviously we've steered him in the right direction. It's part of why we're here.
"If someone has a gun and is trying to kill you, it would be reasonable to shoot back with your own gun." The Dalai Llama (5/15/01, The Seattle Times)
"That rifle on the wall of the labourer's cottage or working class flat is the symbol of democracy. It is our job to see that it stays there." George Orwell
|March 2, 2009, 11:12 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: October 3, 2005
Location: podunk, Texas
Posts: 1,610
again, it depends on your state.
I carry a loaded 45 in my truck and car all the time. I dont have a "license".
We are allowed too, because, we are Texans. Texans pack heat. Try to rob us, youll get shot.
Id be willing to bet this wouldnt fly in another less free state, such as Illinois, Cali, New York etc etc.
a well placed 22 bullet will out perform a poorly placed 50 BMg anyday. , Not really HA!!
|March 2, 2009, 11:28 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: June 25, 2006
Location: Indiana
Posts: 246
seriously, it doesn't take alot of time or money in indiana to get a pc license. just can't have a domestic abuse charge, a felony, and a few other details. Go get your permit, you will be very happy when you get it. However, i do know a few guys who have been waiting upwards of 6 months for their permits here in indiana. not sure, but think everyone is panicing.
"I see dead people"........okay i really only see people i want dead!
|March 2, 2009, 11:34 PM
Join Date: January 3, 2009
Location: SW Ohio
Posts: 18
Dude, get a permit or move and get a permit. The last thing we need is for antis to be trolling and see posts like this. The ability to carry has increased dramatically in the past few years--get on the rolls and be an evangelist, rather than a lawbreaking Local Crime Blotter entry.
|March 2, 2009, 11:36 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 9, 2008
Location: Puget Sound Washington
Posts: 1,553
Exactly. And the panic... This is why I got my permit in december. It took 30 days.
"If someone has a gun and is trying to kill you, it would be reasonable to shoot back with your own gun." The Dalai Llama (5/15/01, The Seattle Times)
"That rifle on the wall of the labourer's cottage or working class flat is the symbol of democracy. It is our job to see that it stays there." George Orwell
|March 3, 2009, 12:04 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: March 12, 2008
Location: Between Dallas and Shreveport, LA
Posts: 569
Don't go there!
"Some parts of town I would like to carry a pistol..."
Don't go to those parts of town. You know you will be in danger when you do, so why are you risking serious bodily injury, or worse, to go there unarmed?
Artillery lends dignity to what would otherwise be but a vulgar brawl.
|March 3, 2009, 12:26 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: April 18, 2008
Location: Florida, east coast
Posts: 2,106
I've carried most of my life. There was a time when nobody questioned open carry in most parts of FL. Rifle racks in the back window of your pickup were mandatory. The good old days.
IMHO walking away from a dead BG beats leaving in a bodybag regardless of what the law says.
NRA Patron Member
|March 3, 2009, 12:31 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: January 6, 2008
Location: PA
Posts: 296
Please don't carry without doing it legally. You ruin it for everyone. I wish NJ wouldlet us carry. I'd gladly go through the proper channels.
|March 3, 2009, 01:18 AM
Join Date: April 13, 2000
Location: Northern Virginia
Posts: 40,427
I can't think of a single reason why this would be in Art of the Rifle when we have a Law and Civil Rights forum.
|March 3, 2009, 06:28 AM
Join Date: February 12, 2009
Location: MN
Posts: 15
It depends on how much money you have?
I wouldn't do it at all. Unless some 1 in a million crazy movie scenario happened to me. Then you'd be stupid not to.
If you can afford 100k to 1 million in attorney's fees to fight it and fight it as unconstitutional then it maybe worth it. If you had misdemeanors or such that were from like 15 years ago, maybe 5 even I don't know. Maybe you could fight it in court to overturn something like that, if you've seen a certified therapist (if that would be in issue in some states or counties).
What they should only be allowed to do to get one is to do a FBI: background check and mental health check every few years and that's it. Verify with other papers (bank statement address matching, IRS address matching) who you say you are. They shouldn't need any fingerprints, blood or know what your weapons you own or are going to carry are at all.
Florida: 2) A person who carries a concealed firearm on or about his or her person commits a felony of the third degree.
Unless it costs $10 to take a class and $5 to get the proper paperwork, then a felony, this is just stupid. Of course I really don't know what happens to you for other things in regular life if you get any type of felony. Or a misdemeanor for that matter, but still. That would turn me into a criminal if I had one of those 1 in a million scenarios and got carrying for that 5 days to whatever it was until it was over. Don't know why couldn't get a pass on that in very, very rare cases of course.
But then again your also right. I'm disabled and took the class like 5 years ago. Find out when I went to local police station that I had to go in person to the state capital, so I never did it, driving is really painful for me. Since last 6 years money has always been an issue for me too since I've gotten physically much worse so the cost is prohibitive for me and it probably won't be in the cards. I suppose I could always sell my Glock G23cc gun and get a very cheap .22lr . Suppose I'd actually shoot it since it wouldn't hurt so much.
However seeing those signs in MN that say you can't carry in this store when that person had a FBI background check and mental check (at least in MN) makes me kind of laugh. I don't know why you wouldn't rob that place, all you would need is a bat or maybe wear an Obama shirt and then they'll give you all the money How many other people that walk in who don't have a CCW have had those checks done, hhhmmmm maybe 1 out of 100 and they had it done because they are a criminal and were in jail.
|March 3, 2009, 08:17 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: August 2, 2005
Location: Greenville, SC
Posts: 3,943
The only things above I can agree with are to for sure
check the laws in the original posters state....
the part about it ranging from Misc... to serious felony are true for most states... but what about Alaska and Vermont?
I would not 'check with a lawyer' half the time they are worse than the local police with their knowledge and you are going to have to pay a good one to read your state's gun laws... which you should be able to find on line.
the bottom line is the original poster has not been back and so we don't know what state they live in.
|March 3, 2009, 09:32 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: June 22, 2000
Location: Brandon FL USA
Posts: 521
FWIW BrassSlinger lives in north GA. Additionally I bet this post like five of 18 he started gets locked down as inappropriate/off topic/ inane/ect ect ect.
Just face shoot the criminal was the advice I was given. Old tech new tech, face shooting will nearly always take the wrong doing out of a bad guy.
Last edited by GLK; March 3, 2009 at 10:02 AM.
|March 3, 2009, 10:46 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 16, 2008
Posts: 1,180
|March 3, 2009, 11:22 AM
Junior member
Join Date: July 22, 2007
Location: Somewhere in FL
Posts: 169
I carry a gun loaded without a permit in florida only difference is its in a vehicle center console and legal if it stays in the center console when I am driving.
|March 3, 2009, 02:07 PM
Join Date: April 13, 2000
Location: Northern Virginia
Posts: 40,427
"Don't go to those parts of town."
I'd have to say that this is probably the best advice on this thread.
That said, the penalties vary from locality to locality. It might be a misdemeanor, or it could be a felony that will buy you serious jail time.
The more I think about this, the more uncomfortable I am with it being discussed here as it seems to be an exercise in planning to break the law.
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text:
Dylan Jobe
Lightbox opens up on Starhawk single-player, says you'll "get your 60 bucks worth"
Dylan Jobe, president of Lightbox Interactive, has said when the team sat down to design the single-player portion of Starhawk, first and foremost, Lightbox wanted the game to have a bit of twist so it would stand out from a typical shooter.
Dylan Jobe headlines
Starhawk private beta starting in November
Dylan Jobe, president of Lightbox Interactive, has announced a private beta for Starhawk will start in November for Warhawk players in North America and Europe.
Starhawk influences include Plants vs Zombies, PixelJunk Monsters
Starhawk draws inspiration from games like Battle Zone, Plants vs Zombies and PixelJunk Monsters, according to Lightbox Interactive.
Starhawk beta confirmed, won't have Move support
Lightbox boss Dylan Jobe has said that there will be a Starhawk beta at some point.
Influx of multiplayer shooters both "a concern and a motivator," for Starhawk devs
Dylan Jobe, president of LightBox Interactive, has said the shooter landscape has changed since the firm released Warhawk in 2007, and because of this, it forced the team to be more original when creating the multiplayer components for Starhawk.
Lightbox: Starhawk single-player to last 5-8 hours
Lightbox Interactive boss Dylan Jobe has said that the single-player element of Starhawk will last around the region of five to eight hours.
First Starhawk trailer goes over single-play, multiplay, Build & Battle
Sony's released the first full trailer for Starhawk, detailing the game's single-player and story, multiplayer and the RTS-lite element known as Build & Battle.
Sony's final frontier: Starhawk unveiled in London
Sony has finally unveiled Warhawk sequel Starhawk, showing the game to press in London this week. Quotes, impressions, shots, trailer, dev diary inside.
Lightbox boss hints at Starhawk announce next Friday, GTTV planning "Sony surprise"
Lightbox Interactive chief Dylan Jobe has teased that we're about to finally see Starhawk announced next Friday, as GameTrailers TV prepares to air an episode that features a "Sony surprise."
Lightbox Interactive "won't rush" next PS3 title
Lightbox Interactive boss Dylan Job has come out of Twitter radio silence, giving an update to the studio's latest PS3 title.
Yoshida: "About time" for Lightbox project reveal
SCE Worldwide studios boss Shuhei Yoshida has told Joystiq that Lightbox's first game, strongly tipped to be a Warhawk follow-up, will be announced soon.
Sony trademarks Starhawk
Sony's trademarked Starhawk, as you can see here.Remember Dylan Jobe formed Lightbox last month to work on a rumoured Warhawk-in-space thing? This is probably it.Thanks, superannuation.
Dylan Jobe forms Lightbox, starts on Warhawk project
Dylan Jobe has left Incognito to form Lightbox Interactive, according to this Kotaku report.Incognito was founded in 1999 by Scott Campbell and David Jaffe: both left in 2007 to form Eat Sleep Play. Lightbox's first project is being rumoured as a Warhawk-in-space thing for Sony.
Dylan Jobe latest
Lightbox opens up on Starhawk single-player, says you'll "get your 60 bucks worth"
Starhawk influences include Plants vs Zombies, PixelJunk Monsters
Influx of multiplayer shooters both "a concern and a motivator," for Starhawk devs
First Starhawk trailer goes over single-play, multiplay, Build & Battle
Lightbox boss hints at Starhawk announce next Friday, GTTV planning "Sony surprise"


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Miss You - Edible Rawhide Card - Dogs - NIP
Send your favorite canine a greeting he'll really eat up (safely)! Developed by a vet, the 4-1/4" x 6-1/4" flat "card" is made of 100% edible rawhide printed with nontoxic ink and comes with an envelope. May require extra postage.
Part of all proceeds benefit Greyhound Rescue.
We Also Recommend


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Yes, it's Thursday and time for another big shout out to a long-time client of mine. However, this person deserves way more than this blog to show my gratitude.
With all the things she's done, and still does for me today, she deserves a big, fat, multi-volume book of love and appreciation. Read On
Read On


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An Invitation to Join the Research Working Group06 May, 2011 | (30 min)
Sign In to access this Webcast
Employers looking to have the most talented workforce have well-intentioned programs to help those with disabilities meet their full employment potential, yet the workforce participation rate remains well below the non-disabled population. What are the strategies that organizations can use to improve this statistic and have an engaged workforce to meet market challenges?
The Conference Board is organizing a Research Working Group (RWG) made up of companies seeking to explore this important question together. The RWG will to uncover the data to determine the characteristics and practices of employers and behaviors of supervisors that contribute to positive employment outcomes.
Specifically this group will work with skilled researchers and each other to determine:
- What kind of organizational structure/managerial strategy is most effective at implementing disability policy?
- Can organizations help people with disabilities feel more engaged and fully utilized at work?
- How can employers be better equipped to recruit and retain people with disabilities, including returning veterans?
- What does success for the disabled employee look like and how should this be measured?
Please join this webcast to learn how a Conference Board Research Working group is structured, what kinds of companies join and what are the benefits for your organization and for you as a leader in this area. You will get a good idea of the time and resource commitments involved and have a chance to ask questions of the RWG team. A further description of the Research Working Group program can be found at: http://www.conference-board.org/workinggroups/index.cfm?id=2237
Who Should Join This Webcast:
Human Resource and line managers concerned about finding the best talent for their organizations – including individuals with disabilities. HR managers with responsibility for integrating the disabled into the workforce.
Mary Wright
Mary Wright is director of The Conference Board Workforce Readiness Initiative and program director for the Business and Education Council. Her work focuses on how business engages in preparing the twenty-first-century workforce, including how to improve employment prospects for people with disab...Full Bio


text: Korean Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - Online Tesol? Speak Korean Now! Korean Job Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Online Tesol? Korean Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Off-Topic Forum View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message astroboyfanJoined: 19 Apr 2005 Posted: Wed Jun 22, 2005 6:39 am Post subject: Online Tesol? Will any of these be accepted by schools? My recruiter wants me to get one as it will give me more money at a public school job. Are these things worth it? Anyone hear of scams? Back to top rapierJoined: 16 Feb 2003 Posted: Wed Jun 22, 2005 6:46 am Post subject: I think they're recognised in korea and maybe Bangladesh. But not in most other countries. If you're serious about working in a diversity of countries and want to further your career properly, study on campus. Back to top astroboyfanJoined: 19 Apr 2005 Posted: Wed Jun 22, 2005 6:49 am Post subject: not serious at all. just want the extra money while I am in korea.. hehe. Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Korean Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Off-Topic Forum All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Forums:----------------FAQJob-related Discussion ForumGeneral Discussion ForumOff-Topic ForumTravel ForumCurrent Events ForumTechnology ForumBuy/Sell/Trade Forum You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum This page is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Contact Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2018 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved. Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group TEFL International Supports Dave's ESL Cafe


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Very large messages sent through Facebook's chat client can make applications and devices crash in a form of denial-of-service attack, a security researcher has discovered.
"It has been possible to disconnect 3 different testing users (3 out of 3) by sending big enough messages, one of them reported that his tablet restarted after the reception," Buenos Aires, Argentina-based security researcher Chris Russo wrote on the Full Disclosure mailing list.
"The chat module, which at this moment I can't use since it looks like I have been blocked," Russo wrote, "doesn't have any kind of limit in the amount of characters that can be sent."
The exact message that caused the denial-of-service attack hasn't been made public, but Russo did post the code he used with the message deleted.
[ That's an Order! 10 Facebook Privacy Tips from the Marines ]
In comments attached to his posting, Russo wouldn't confirm how big his messages were. He said he kept increasing the sizes by 1,000 characters each time until the exploit worked.
As of this writing, Facebook has not commented on the issue. Russo noted that it took Facebook six weeks to reply last time he alerted them to a security flaw.
The attacks don't appear to cause any permanent damage to device hardware, but they are likely to lead to aggravation, frustration and lost productivity for users.
Follow Ben on Twitter.


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| 6.7°C Belfast
Television presenter Jeremy Clarkson and his wife are getting divorced after 21 years of marriage, it has been reported.
Frances Clarkson, 52, who works as her husband's manager, has reportedly filed for divorce from the 54-year-old Top Gear star.
Jeremy's first wife, Alex Hall, told the Daily Telegraph that the current Mrs Clarkson "deserves every penny" of any settlement. He is estimated to have a fortune of £30 million.
Alex said: "She's done her penance. It is her hard work that has made him into the idol he is today.
"Jeremy is the frontman, but behind the scenes she was the swan paddling frantically beneath the surface. So she deserves every penny she gets - she's worked for it."
It was reported that Mrs Clarkson has recently been on holiday to Majorca with a female friend to toast the end of her marriage.
Jeremy's spokesman and his wife both declined to comment on the reports, the Telegraph said.
The BBC presenter was embroiled in controversy last week when it was claimed he used the N-word while reciting the nursery rhyme Eeny, Meeny, Miny Moe during filming of BBC2's Top Gear.
The Daily Mirror saw unaired footage of him using the nursery rhyme to compare two sports cars and claims the word "n*****" can be heard.
Jeremy said he "mumbled where the offensive word would normally occur" in two takes, and used the word "teacher" in its place in a third recording.


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Fans are awful, because noise is awful. So when we see a way to cool down a scorching CPU with zero moving parts—that means silence—we're excited. Especially if it's as awesome looking at this one.
The CompTake "Chimney" uses 48 hollow pipes positioned directly atop the CPU, creating a huge amount of surface area, transferring the heat produced by the CPU directly into the air. This principle of passive cooling is nothing new, but we haven't seen a take this wonderful looking—48 pipes!—in a while. And while it'll probably be locked in your tower, out of sight, any true PC nerd takes pleasure knowing it's inside there, piping hot air.
Tweakers says the Chimney will be able to cool chips as powerful as Intel's Core i7-930, but will still need a fan somewhere in the rig just to keep air flowing. A small compromise. [Tweakers via Fanless Tech]


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New York Mayor Bill de Blasio paid a lower effective tax rate than Mitt Romney and Warren Buffett
Week in Review
The problem with Republicans is that they are so greedy that they put money before people. That's why they oppose taxes. Because they don't want to give up any of their money. At least, this is what Democrats say about Republicans. Along with the 'tax cuts for the rich' mantra. In fact, they castigated Mitt Romney for only paying an effective tax rate of 14% in 2011. Even Warren Buffet decried the unfairness of the tax code where rich guys like him pay an effective tax rate of 17.4% while the poorer classes working beneath him paid on average 35%. Even his secretary paid a higher tax rate. And that just wasn't fair. Of course Buffet's 17.4% in actual dollar amounts dwarfed the tax dollars of everyone working for him combined. But that's not the point. No, the point is that Republicans are all a bunch of greedy, vicious, heartless bastards.
New York's new mayor is a Democrat. And he isn't a greedy, vicious, heartless bastard. In fact, he promised to raise taxes on those rich fat cats who pay as little as a 14% effective tax rate. Something he would never do himself. Because he's not a greedy, vicious, heartless bastard. He's a Democrat (see New York Mayor Bill De Blasio Pays A Lower Tax Rate Than Mitt Romney by Hunter Walker posted 4/16/2014 on Business Insider).
Democratic New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio became a prominent proponent of progressive tax policy when he made raising taxes on city residents who make over $500,000 a year a cornerstone of his platform during his underdog campaign last year.
That's why it raised eyebrows and drew some initial national coverage when The Wall Street Journal reported Tuesday that de Blasio had paid an "effective tax rate" of 8.3%.
That would put de Blasio's tax rate substantially lower than the approximately 14% tax rate multimillionaire former Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney was attacked by Democrats for paying in 2011.
Well, somehow it works out that a Republican paying a 14% effective tax rate is a greedy, vicious, heartless bastard but a Democrat paying 8.3% is not. Go figure.
Tags: Bill de Blasio, Democrat, effective tax rate, greedy, Mitt Romney, New York, Republican, tax rate, Warren Buffett


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Shipping & Returns
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Once your item has been shipped, please allow 2-3 business days for tracking to update. If you have any questions or concerns, please email email@example.com. We appreciate your patience and understanding as we navigate COVID-19 restrictions.
Katie Kime has introduced flat rate shipping on all new orders within the 48 Continental United States as of February 1st, 2017. All other locations and countries are subject to standard shipping rates.
Katie Kime shipping policies are subject to change and may be revoked at any time. Katie Kime reserves the right to charge shipping on orders that do not follow this policy.
Standard Katie Kime orders require 2-3 days to be processed and usually ship within 5-7 days. Please note that all custom monogram, clothing, linens, wallpaper, and fabric orders take more time to process and generally ship within 2-3 weeks.
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Our policy lasts 30 days. If 30 days have gone by since your purchase or if it was a custom order, unfortunately we cannot offer you a refund or exchange. To be eligible for a return, your item must be unused and in the same condition that you received it. It must also be in the original packaging. If there is damage to the box you must take photos of the damage for record. Upon inspection if there is any damage please document the damage and send photos to customer service.
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if the item was marked as a gift when purchased and shipped directly to you, you'll receive a gift credit for value of your return. Once the returned item is received, a gift certificate will be mailed to you.
If the item wasn't marked as a gift when purchased, or the gift giver had the order shipped to themselves to give you late, we will send a refund to the gift giver and he will find out about your return.


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An accurate assessment of the recall picture.
As communities continue to provide Act 10 success stories, the efforts of recall organizers against Governor Walker become more difficult. And with tax bills arriving soon, the positive results for Wisconsin taxpayers will make those recall efforts even more ominous.
Governor Walker's reforms have produced some stunning results, turning a budget around that was structurally unsound. School districts and communities throughout the state are in much better financial shape due to the moves undertaken by the Walker administration. The following results were tabulated by the Wisconsin Association of School District Administrators, based on responses from over 83% of all school districts:
- New teacher hires outnumber layoffs by 1213 positions
- 75% of districts maintained or decreased class sizes for K-3
- 67% of districts maintained or decreased class sizes for 4-6
- 92% of districts kept or expanded sports programs
- 89% of districts kept or expanded technology support staff
- 85% or more kept or increased their guidance, social work, and psychology staff
- 90% of districts kept or expanded gifted and talented staff
- 96% of districts kept or expanded early childhood staff
- 96% of districts kept or expanded AP sections and courses
- 82% of districts kept or expanded vocational/technical programs
- 82% of districts kept or expanded art programs
- 84% of districts kept or expanded music programs
- 87% of districts kept or expanded foreign language programs
Even more telling though were the results from three districts from Southern Wisconsin that didn't implement the reform tools.
The most telling results of the WASDA survey came from responses by the Milwaukee, Kenosha and Janesville districts. Those districts accounted for 68% of all teacher layoffs in the state, yet only represent 12.8% of Wisconsin students. These three districts did not adopt the reforms put in place by Governor Walker and Act 10, and were not able to utilize the tools offered to control costs.
So when you see the ads put out by recall organizers, liberal 3rd party groups and public sector unions keep in mind their "information" to support their claims comes from districts that didn't utilize the tools offered via Act 10.
As pointed out, the whole picture isn't presented:
If they were honest, they would discuss how 51% of districts reduced extracurricular programs in 2004 (according to WEAC), before Act 10 tools were available. Or the fact that over the past five years, the property tax levy has increased by an average of $181 million per year. Not so this year, as the K-12 school tax levy will actually decrease by $47 million.
Be sure to point out these successes when you encounter those pushing to recall Governor Scott Walker. In any discussion about the direction of Wisconsin point out not only how Act 10 has been a success, point out as well the results being seen where the tools offered weren't implemented.
Related articles
- 'Barrett Saves Milwaukee' (freedomeden.blogspot.com)
- National Dems Unhappy with Planned Labor Spending in Walker Recall (lakeshorelaments.com)


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About this blog
FLEFF Intern Voices
The Finger Lakes Environmental Film Festival from the interns' point of view
Friday, May 10, 2013
Blog posting written by Shawn Steiner, Film, Photography, and Visual Arts '13, FLEFF Intern, Elkridge, MD
It's been a good three years since I started college and I haven't missed a single Finger Lakes Environmental Film Festival. I was a blogger my freshman year, a willing participant under Dr. Zimmermann's tutelage my sophomore year and yet again a blogger this year, my junior/senior year at Ithaca College.
Each experience was different but equally amazing.
This year was especially great. With a revamped meeting structure and more diverse projects to work on I really got involved with the festival. And, since I'm a senior I didn't have any of those nerves popping up when I was talking to festival guests.
And, if there was one point to take away from all this it is this: "We need to do something together."
During each presentation, film or chat in the hallway where a couple people of differing skills were together it always seemed to lead to that conclusion. Transmedia especially seemed to be at the forefront of this.
Great projects require collaboration. Different people from different environments coming together to make something. Because if I have learned anything during my college experience it is that your good friend and editor that leans over your shoulder to tell you that your fade out doesn't work is in it for your best interest.
You have to listen to one another and evolve and move through various mediums to tell your story. Hopefully, after a few years in the field I'll be able to tell mine.
Thank you to everyone involved with FLEFF this year for the great time and learning experience.


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Frequent Links
British undergraduate degree classification
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2013)
The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading structure for undergraduate degrees (bachelor's degrees and integrated master's degrees) in the United Kingdom. The system has been applied (sometimes with significant variations) in other countries, including India, Australia, Bangladesh, Hong Kong, Kenya, Ghana, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, South Africa,Trinidad and Tobago,Zimbabwe.[citation needed]
Whereas grade point averages (GPAs) are different from the British undergraduate degree classes,[1] the Latin honours system used in the United States is different from the British system, but has some similarities.[2]
- 1 History
- 2 Degree classification
- 3 International comparisons
- 4 Progression to postgraduate study
- 5 Variations
- 6 References
In the 16th century, the Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge implemented norm referencing to distinguish the top 25% of candidates, the next 50%, and the bottom 25%.[3]
The classification system as currently used in the United Kingdom was developed in 1918.[3] Honours was then a means to recognise individuals who demonstrated depth of knowledge or originality, as opposed to relative achievement in examination conditions.[4]
Recently, grade inflation has been identified as a significant issue, with increasing numbers of higher-class honours degrees awarded per annum.[5][6][7] The number of first-class honours degrees has reportedly tripled since the 1990s.[8] Similar to grade inflation of A-levels, prospective employers or educational institutions have observed increased difficulty in selecting candidates.[4][9] The practice of degree classification has been criticised for unduly stigmatising students and being unreflective of a graduate's success or potential for success, particularly in the workplace.[10]
Degree classification
A degree may be awarded with or without honours, with the class of an honours degree usually based on a weighted average mark of the assessed work a candidate has completed. The degree classifications are:
- First-class honours (1st)
- Second-class honours, upper division (2:1)
- Second-class honours, lower division (2:2)
- Third-class honours (3rd)
- Ordinary degree (pass)
At most institutions, the system allows a small amount of discretion.[10] A candidate may be elevated to the next degree class if his or her average marks are close to (or the median of their weighted marks achieves) the higher class, and if they have submitted several pieces of work worthy of the higher class. However, even students with a high average mark may be demoted a class if they fail to pass all parts of the course.
There are also variations between universities, especially in Scotland, where honours are usually reserved only for courses that last four years or more, with a three-year course leading to the awarding of an ordinary degree (see Master of Arts (Scotland)). Achievements other than the average mark are often needed for a student to be awarded honours. In Scotland, it is possible to start university a year younger than in the rest of the United Kingdom, as the Scottish Higher exams are often taken at age 16 or 17 (as opposed to 18), so Scottish students often end a four-year course at the same age as a student from elsewhere in the UK taking a three-year course, assuming no gap years. Until recently, the four honours divisions in Oxford's moderations and final examinations were named first, second, third and fourth class, but eventually Oxford gave in and adopted the numbering used by other English universities; this change took place sufficiently recently that most currently held Oxford honours results were classified using the older system.
When a candidate is awarded a degree with honours, "(Hons)" may be suffixed to their designatory letters—for example, BA (Hons), BSc (Hons), MA (Hons). An MA (Hons) would generally indicate a degree award from certain Scottish universities. However, honours are awarded when 360 tariff points are achieved, with a non-honours degree requiring at least 300 tariff points. One tariff point is notionally equivalent to 10 hours' work.[citation needed]
At the Universities of Oxford[citation needed] and Cambridge,[11] unlike other universities,[12] honours classes apply to examinations, not degrees. At Oxford, where examinations are split between Prelims or Honour Moderations for the first part and Final Honour School for the second part, the results of the Final Honour School are generally applied to the overall degree.[citation needed] At Cambridge, where undergraduates are examined at the end of each part (one- or two-year section) of the Tripos, results receive different classifications for different parts.[11] The BA does not have a formal class,[11] or even subject.
At some universities, candidates who successfully complete one or more years of degree-level study, but do not complete the full degree course, may be awarded a lower qualification: a Certificate of Higher Education or Higher National Certificate for one year of study, or a Diploma of Higher Education or Higher National Diploma for two years.
The Graduateship (post-nominal GCGI) and Associateship (post-nominal ACGI) awarded by the City & Guilds of London Institute are mapped to a British Honours degree.
The Engineering Council Graduate Diploma is set at the same level as the final year of a British BEng.
First-class honours
First-class honours, referred to as a "first", is the highest honours classification and indicates high academic achievement.
In 2010 and 2011, the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) reported that approximately 15% of all degree candidates graduated with first-class honours.[5][13] The percentages of graduates achieving a first vary greatly by university and course studied.[14] For example, students of law are least likely to gain a first, whereas students of mathematical sciences are most likely to gain a first.[6] In 2006–2007 and 2010–2011, 5.8% and 8.1% of law students gained a first, respectively; however, in those years, 28.9% and 30.0% of mathematics students gained a first, respectively.[6]
Variations of first-class honours
A minority of universities award first-class honours with particular distinction, variously known as a "Starred First" (Cambridge,[15] and University of East Anglia[16]), a "Congratulatory First" (Oxford),[citation needed] and a "First With Distinction" (York).[17] These are seldom awarded, and typically entail the specific examination of eligible candidates. A yet rarer classification, indicating exceptional distinction, exists at Cambridge, in which a "Double-Starred First"[citation needed] or even "Triple-Starred First"[citation needed] may sometimes be awarded. (This should not be confused with "Double first-class honours".)[18]
Upper second-class honours
The upper division is commonly abbreviated to "2:1" or "II.i" (pronounced two-one). The 2:1 is a minimum requirement for entry to many postgraduate courses in the UK. It is also required for the award of a research council postgraduate studentship in the UK, although possession of a master's degree can render a candidate eligible for an award if their first degree was below the 2:1 standard. The percentage of candidates who achieve upper second-class honours can vary widely by degree subject, as well as by university.[13]
Lower second-class honours
This is the second division of second-class degrees and is abbreviated as "2:2" or "II.ii" (pronounced two-two).
In some circles the lower second-class honours degree is occasionally referred to (in rhyming slang) as a "Desmond", after Desmond Tutu.[19]
Third-class honours
Third-class honours, referred to as a "third", is the lowest honours classification in most modern universities. Historically, the University of Oxford awarded fourth-class honours degrees and, until the late 1970s, did not distinguish between upper and lower second-class honours degrees.[citation needed][3]
Informally, the third-class honours degree is referred to as a "gentleman's degree",[19] or a "Thora", after Thora Hird, or "Douglas", after Douglas Hurd. It may also be known as a "Vorderman", after Carol Vorderman, the former Countdown co-host who was awarded a third-class degree by the University of Cambridge.[19]
Approximately 7.2% of students graduating in 2006 with an honours degree received a third-class honours.[13][20]
Ordinary degree
An ordinary, general, or pass degree can be an exit degree without honours.[21][22] It can also be a stand-alone non-honours degree such as the BA/BSc Open degree offered by the Open University (OU).[23] Many universities offer ordinary degree courses to students; however, most students enroll in honours degree courses.[citation needed] Some honours courses permit students who fail the first year by a small margin (around 10%) to transfer to the ordinary degree. Ordinary degrees are sometimes awarded to honours degree students who do not complete an honours degree course to the very end, but complete enough of it to earn a pass.
Scottish universities offer three-year ordinary degrees as a qualification in their own right, as well as an honours degree over four years. This is in contrast to English universities that have honours degrees with three years of study, though a similar programme in Scotland is not unheard of, provided a student achieves a high entrance grade. An ordinary degree from a Scottish university (also known as a designated degree) is often sufficient to study a post-graduate course. An ordinary degree in Scotland is not, therefore, a failed honours degree, as in certain English universities. Students can decide, usually at the end of their second or third year, whether or not they wish to complete a fourth honours year. Scottish universities may also award their ordinary degrees with distinction if a student achieves a particularly good grade average, usually 65% or above. A common example of a Scottish ordinary degree is the Bachelor of Laws course taken by graduates of other subjects, as this is sufficient (without honours) for entry into the legal profession.
Uncommon degree classifications
Double first-class honours
A "double first" at Oxford and Cambridge originally referred to first-class honours in two subjects in the same set of examinations, usually the Classical and Mathematical Triposes at Cambridge or the Literae Humaniores and Mathematics Final Honour Schools at Oxford. It was also possible to obtain "double firsts" in Honour Moderations.
It is (usually) no longer possible for undergraduates to read two subjects concurrently at Cambridge. The expression is used at Cambridge to describe first-class honours "in two sets of examinations corresponding to two different 'Parts' of the Triposes".[24] The two parts of a Tripos come at different points in an undergraduate's career.
At Edinburgh and Glasgow, the term "double first" can signify that a candidate has achieved First Class Honours in both subjects of a Joint Honours degree, or in both sets of examinations of a doubly classified degree. The term is not in general use at Oxford, although it is occasionally used to describe first-class honours in both the Honour Moderations and the Final Honour School, usually in the same subject, or first-class honours in both parts of a doubly-classified degree, such as an undergraduate master's degree.
An aegrotat (/ˈiːɡroʊtæt/; from Latin aegrotat, meaning "he/she is ill")[25] degree is an honours degree without classification or a pass degree without classification, awarded under the presumption that, had a candidate who is unable to undertake his or her exams due to illness or even death completed those exams, he or she would have satisfied the standard required for that degree.[26][27][28][29][30] Aegrotat degrees are often qualified with an appended "(aegrotat)".
Following the introduction of modern regulations regarding mitigating circumstances, aegrotat degrees are less commonly awarded than they previously were.[31]
International comparisons
An approximate mapping between British classifications and US Grade Point Averages can be inferred from the University College London (UCL) graduate admissions criteria.[32] Canadian GPAs differ. The British Graduate Admissions Fact Sheet from McGill University states that, in their system, where standings are reported in lieu of an average, a CGPA (cumulative grade point average) is determined.[33] However, different universities convert grades differently. UCL's system is at odds with London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) which, for example, considers a GPA (U.S.) of 3.5 as equivalent to a 2.1.[34] Also, most Oxbridge departments consider a 3.75 the equivalent of a First. (See, for instance, English Language and Literature postgraduate requirements at Oxford.)[35] A USA 4.0 GPA means the student has received an average grade of A+ which is an average 97.5% or above, or in some institutions where no + or - is used the student received an average grade of A which is 90-100% average.
Grade equivalents given by World Education Services (WES),[36] which provide qualification conversion services to many universities, also convert British degrees to higher GPAs than the conversion used by UCL, if the guidelines for converting grades to GPA given by Duke University[37] are used. Interestingly, this conversion is very similar to that given by WES and Duke, and that used by LSE and Oxbridge. Furthermore, the grade conversion from Fulbright Commission states that the equivalent of 70+ in the United Kingdom is a 4.0 U.S. GPA.[38]
The Fulbright Commission created the table below as "an unofficial chart with approximate grade conversions between UK results and U.S. GPA." It should be noted that there is no hard and fast rule of converting the degrees, because different institutions compare differently. This is especially true in other countries where the highest scale is different, like 4.3 or 4.5 GPA. Such countries applying 4.5 GPA as the highest, for example, can convert a First as equivalent to 4.5 GPA, a 2.1 as equivalent to above 3.8 GPA, a 2.2 as equivalent to 3.2~3.8 GPA, and a Third as equivalent to 2.6~3.2 GPA.
|British Class
|American GPA
|Secured Marks Level
|Upper Second
|Lower Second
|US GPA equivalent from The Fulbright Commission[38]
BA (Hons) degrees attained in the UK are at the level of National Qualifications Framework (NQF) 6 – where the BA and Honours degrees exist. Master's degrees are at NQF 7, and PhD degrees (NQF) level 8. Other countries, specifically South Africa, equate different NQF levels to degrees. For instance, a master's degree in South Africa is at NQF 9, while a doctoral degree is at NQF 10. The reason for this difference in NQF levels is that South Africa requires students to undertake a fourth year, or an honours degree, between their bachelor's and master's degrees.
South Africa
The South African Qualifications Accreditation company (SAQA) compares international degrees with local degrees before any international student continues their studies in that country. While the British degree accreditation and classification system allows students to go straight from a three-year bachelor's degree onto a master's degree, South Africa does not do so, unless the student has proven research capabilities. South African Honours degrees prepare the students to undertake a research-specific degree (in terms of master's), by spending an in-depth year (up to 5 modules) creating research proposals and undertaking a research project of limited scope. This prepares students for the research degrees later in their academic career.
The Netherlands
The Netherlands organisation for international cooperation in higher education (Nuffic) released a paper comparing the degree classification to Dutch degrees.[39]
|British class
|Dutch equivalent
|First class(1)
|Second class, upper division(2.1)
|7 to 8
|Second class, lower division(2.2)
|6 to 7
|Third class(3)
|5.5 to 6
Nuffic noted that cultural changes should be taken into account. For example: It is very rare for even the smartest students in the Netherlands to be awarded a 9 or a 10. This is because these grades are only awarded in cases of absolute perfection. This is different from tradition in the US and UK, where high grades are awarded to reward and encourage rather than single out absolute perfection.[39]
According to the British National College for Teaching and Leadership the equivalences between Spanish and British grades are as follows:[40]
|British class
|Spanish equivalent
|First class(1)
|9 to 10
|Second class, upper division(2.1)
|7.5 to 8.99
|Second class, lower division(2.2)
|6 to 7.49
|Third class(3)
|5 to 5.99
Pontifical Universities
The pontifical Roman universities also utilize a 10-point scale:
|British class
|Pontifical equivalent
|First class (1)
|Second class, upper division (2.1)
|Second class, lower division (2.2)
|Third class (3)
Progression to postgraduate study
Regulations governing the progression of undergraduate degree graduates to postgraduate programmes vary among universities, and are often flexible. A candidate for a postgraduate master's degree is usually required to have at least a 2:2 degree, although candidates with 2:1s are in a considerably stronger position to gain a place in a postgraduate course and to obtain funding, especially in medical and natural sciences. Some institutions specify a 2:1 minimum for certain types of master's program, such as for a Master of Research course.[41][42]
Candidates with a Third or an Ordinary degree are sometimes accepted, provided they have acquired satisfactory professional experience subsequent to graduation. A candidate for a doctoral programme who does not hold a master's degree is nearly always required to have a First or 2:1.
International degrees
Some universities, such as those in Australia, offer ordinary or pass degrees, (for instance, as a three-year B.A. or a three-year BSc) by default. High-achieving students may be recognised with an honours classification without further coursework or research, as is often the case in engineering, which often contains a research and thesis component,[43][44] or law.[45] However, other courses (such as humanities, arts, social sciences, and sciences) and other universities may recognise high-achieving students with an honours classification with further coursework or research, undertaken either concurrently with, and as part of or in addition to, a bachelor's course,[46] or after completion of a bachelor's course requirements and attaining adequately competitive grades.[47][48] Some graduate degrees have been or are classified;[49] however, under the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), no graduate-level degrees (i.e., master's by coursework, master's by research, or higher research degrees) may be classified. To comply with this standard, some institutions have commenced, or will commence, offering high-achieving graduates with "distinction".[50] Notably, this is consistent with British graduate degree classification.[51]
British medical and dental degrees
In the United Kingdom, medicine is taught as an undergraduate course and, upon successful completion of the course, the graduate holds the conjoined degrees of Bachelor of Medicine, and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, BM BCh or MB ChB; "chirurgery" is a variant of the Latin chirurgiae, meaning "hand work," i.e., surgery); in some cases, Bachelor in the Art of Obstetrics (BAO) is added to the formal name of these degrees. The BAO is a tradition of Irish universities, and so only the Queen's University Belfast gives a BAO in addition to the bachelors of medicine and surgery in the UK. Universities in Ireland also present a BAO to graduates. However, unlike most undergraduate degrees, MBBS is not awarded in classes (i.e., there are no first, second or third class honours MBBS degrees).
Individual degrees are marked as pass or fail, with some universities also awarding passes with merit. Results of final examinations in fourth or fifth year split the year groups into one of 10 deciles. These deciles allocate base points for their Foundation Programme (previously known as house officer) job applications where the top decile awards the most points, decreasing by a point for each decile. Distinctions can be awarded for certain parts of the course to the best students (who will usually have several merits already). Honours are awarded at some institutions for exceptional performance throughout the course, as well as a medal sometimes for the most outstanding degree candidates in medicine or dentistry.[citation needed]
- ^ "What does 2:1 or 2:2 mean? – Ask". University of Liverpool.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions for the USA". University of London.
- ^ a b c Alderman, Geoffrey. "Tear up the class system". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ a b Barrett, David (1 January 2011). "Dumbing down of university grades revealed". The Telegraph. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ a b "Is the number of first-class degrees cause for concern?". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
- ^ a b c Shepherd, Jessica (17 January 2012). "Is the number of first-class degrees cause for concern: Update". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
- ^ Harris, Sarah (23 September 2011). "First-class? Top-level degrees up by 34% prompting fresh concerns over grade inflation". Daily Mail. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ Paton, Graeme (10 January 2013). "Number of first-class degrees "has tripled since late 90s"". The Telegraph.
- ^ Marszal, Andrew (19 February 2013). "How to get a first-class degree". The Telegraph.
- ^ a b Seaton, Nigel (19 April 2011). "Degree classification is unfair to many students". The Guardian.
- ^ a b c "The structure of undergraduate courses at the University of Cambridge". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "New Degree Classification Set for 2012 Debut". The Oxford Student Online. University of Oxford Student Union. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ a b c Higher Education Statistics Agency. (2006.) "Higher Education Qualifications Obtained in the UK by Level, Mode of Study, Domicile, Gender, Class of First Degree and Subject Area 2005/06".
- ^ "The Secret Tripos Topper" (10 November 2012). "The Secret Tripos Topper". The Tab Cambridge.
- ^ "Undergraduate Examinations Guidelines for Examiners and Assessors for Tripos Examinations 2015". University of Cambridge Faculty of Philosophy. p. 9. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
- ^ "Criteria for awarding Starred-Firsts". University of East Anglia. uea.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ Eligible students must hold an average mark of at least 75%, receive approval from the board of studies, and endorsement from an external examiner. See School of PEP
- ^ Noted recipients of double-starred firsts include Quentin Skinner, Alain de Botton (Varsity), Enoch Powell, Lee Kuan Yew, Timothy Winter (Abdal Hakim Murad), and Orlando Figes), while triple-starred honors recipients include Maurice Zinkin, Neal Ascherson, and Abba Eban.
- ^ a b c Henley, Jon (5 July 2012). "Don't judge a job applicant by their degree". The Guardian.
- ^ David Dutton. (2006.) Douglas-Home, Haus Publishing Limited, p 4. ISBN 978-1-904950-67-7.
- ^ "Faculty Handbook Online 2013/14: Frequently Asked Questions". Durham University.
- ^ "Registration for a General or Ordinary degree – Changes to programme of study (undergraduate)". University of Edinburgh.
- ^ open.ac.uk
- ^ "CamDATA: course information and statistics". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ^ The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1998. ISBN 019861263X.
- ^ "Aegrotat Degrees". Swansea University.
- ^ "Aegrotat Awards". Aberystwyth University. 1 December 2005.
- ^ "Glossary of Cambridge jargon". University of Cambridge.
- ^ "Regulations for first degrees". London School of Economics. July 2011.
- ^ "Procedure for Consideration of Applications under the Special and Aegrotat Provisions for Undergraduate Degree Examinations". University College London.
- ^ "Aegrotat Awards". Oxford Brookes University.
- ^ General entrance requirements, University College London Archived 27 June 2012 at WebCite
- ^ Future graduate students: European Fact Sheets – UK, McGill University
- ^ International entrance requirementLSE
- ^ Oxford Prospectus 2010/2011Oxford University
- ^ WES GPA conversion [WES]
- ^ Calculation of GPA using Grades, Duke University
- ^ a b "Transcript – Postgraduate Study". US – UK Fulbright Commission.
- ^ a b Nuffic. "Grading systems in the Netherlands, the United States and the United Kingdom" (PDF). www.studyinholland.nl. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
- ^ "Grade comparison of overseas qualifications" (PDF). National College for Teaching and Leadership.
- ^ Entrance requirements: Graduate Prospectus 2010–11, University of Cambridge, September 2009
- ^ What are the entry requirements for graduate programmes at LSE?, London School of Economics
- ^ "BEng (Bachelor of Engineering)". University of Melbourne Handbook. University of Melbourne. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "Honours Policy". Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "Honours". UNSW Faculty of Law. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ ""New" Honours Program". Sydney Law School. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "The Honours Year". School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "Honours – Programs & courses – Economics". Australian School of Business, University of New South Wales. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "Award of Honours in the Juris Doctor (JD) Degree" (PDF). UNSW Faculty of Law.
- ^ "Law JD Honours as of 2015" (PDF). UNSW Faculty of Law.
- ^ "Taught Masters Degreee". London School of Economics. Retrieved 31 July 2013.


text:
Can you be the first to the top in this randomly generated obby with absolutely no checkpoints at all? If you think you're ready you can try the tower containing all 169 sections here: https://www.roblox.com/games/2127551566 Owners of VIP-Servers can use the settings menu to skip rounds, set the tower size and lock the shop. Sorry for anyone unable to use Shift-Lock due to Roblox binding chat to Shift+7 on some keyboards. This is a Roblox issue we are unable to fix
Private Servers
There are currently no running games.


text:
- John Cena continues to tweet and hype his return at Hell In a Cell on Sunday:
"Just 2 b clear to the @WWEUniverse #WRS is 4 those #downsincedayone #cenation if u not with us, then it's time 2 hate us again. We Run Sh$$"
- Wrestling legend Dos Caras, father to WWE Superstar Alberto Del Rio, will have his Japanese retirement match on December 4th at Korakuen Hall. Caras will be doing final shows in Mexico City, Monterrey and Tijuana for his official retirement in early 2014. The Japanese retirement match will be Caras and WWE Hall of Famer Mil Mascaras vs. Nosawa and Mazada.
- A major UFC name was expected to be in contact with WWE this week about working for the company in 2014. It's not Chael Sonnen, who has expressed interest in doing broadcast work for WWE once his MMA career is over.
Source: Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Subscribe to The Wrestling Observer by clicking here. Each issue has coverage and analysis of all the major news, plus history pieces. New subscribers can also receive free classic issues.


text:
Migration is reality
Migration has taken place since the beginning of history. The movements of migration existed long before there were any states and borders. They are, among other reasons, caused by the economic exploitation by the industrial countries. Migration stands for people's autonomous decision and action, in their pursuit of happiness, of a better life und often their fight for survival. Migration is a strategy of human beings and a world-wide social movement. It overcomes national borders and puts questions for civil citizenship and participation of wealth and rights on the agenda.
Migration control by governments serves economic and political interests
In the whole world, especially in the so-called rich countries, immigration politics is tightened up. The freedom of movement across borders is a matter of course only with the "correct" passport. People with the "wrong" nationality in a country are put at a disadvantage when seeking accesss to rights, jobs and income. Moreover, people are taken in or turned away, according to national demand. Laws concerning foreigners give employers more power over migrant workers, who are forced to accept unbearable conditions because of their precarious status. Cynically, they are also accused to worsen the general living conditions.
This fuels racism and nationalism. Inequality, competition and exploitation are basic elements and consequences of global capitalism – they are not consequences of migration.
National sealing-off is violence
The attempt to control or prevent migration in a capitalistic and patriarchal world is violence. States can illegalize migration, but they cannot prevent it. At the utmost, they can delay it and rise its costs, even of human lives. But migration remains legitimate.
Most human beings who set off on the African and Asiam continent strand in huge camps, many of them die in the desert or drown in the Mediterranean Sea. The fact that, unlike tourists, they cannot take a plane or a ferry in Tunis, is a political decision of European states. Nevertheless, people surmount borders and walls successfully and find a new home here. But many of them do not get a permanent permission to stay and are threatened by deportation, one of the most drastic tools of migration control.
Deportation is a crime by the state
Deportation violates the right of the freedom of movement, of life and physical integrity. Deportations complete the deadly military armament at the borders. Human beings are cooped up in camps. Deportation often means assaults at night, massive and traumatizing police operations, it tears children and young people away from school and grownups from their place of work. It tears families apart. It has deadly consequences.
The politics of deportation forms a permanent threat to a rising number of people. For years, hundreds of thousands live with the threat of removal orders and are only tolerated here. It is not clear if and when they will be deported. This means, people are kept in a legally unsafe situation, where they can hardly react against miserable living and working conditions. Deportations are meant to intimidate and discipline migrants. They are meant to keep up the existing inequality. This harms all of us!
All of us must decide – What do we want?
• We want common solutions for global social questions instead of deadly border regimes. Solutions, which satisfy everybody's needs for life, safety, autonomy, integrity, community, love, dignity and respect.
• We want broad resistance against and condemnation of all deportations, no matter by whom or why or to which country.
• We want everybody's right of free movement to be acknowledged, the right to come, leave or stay.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
We call upon you to act together with us!
KMii – Netzwerk Kein Mensch ist illegal Köln · Die KEAs e.V. - Kölner Erwerbslose in Aktion · AGISRA – Arbeitsgemeinschaft gegen internationale sexuelle und rassistische Ausbeutung · Wohnraum für Alle


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Nix notes difference from Yankees camp
PORT CHARLOTTE, Fla. -- Jayson Nix spent the past two seasons in New York playing for the Yankees. This season, the veteran infielder is with the Rays on a Minor League deal with an invite to Major League camp.
Initially, walking into the Rays' clubhouse struck Nix as funny.
"It's definitely different," said Nix, noting the lack of media in Port Charlotte covering the Rays, as compared to the throng of reporters around the Yankees. "I think it's different [with the Yankees] than anywhere. It's definitely a lot less of a crowd and a lot less tension so far."
Despite the differences between the two clubhouses, Nix said he wasn't distracted when he played for the Yankees.
"I think it's something you're kind of prepared for and you get used to it while you're there," Nix said. "I never really found it that difficult. You get in the clubhouse and you're around the guys and you get kind of lost in what you're doing. Or try to. It might make it a little more difficult at times. For the most part, I didn't find it a problem, though."


text:
Drive thru McDonald's punch-up caught on mobile phone camera
ALL Ty Jenkin says he wanted was an easy lunch from his favourite fast-food restaurant.
But the 18-year-old claims he got more than a Big Mac when he found himself in an altercation with a woman in the Glenmore McDonald's drive-thru on Saturday afternoon.
Video footage of the attack had yesterday generated nearly 150 "likes" on Facebook.
Ty said the incident started after the woman had taken the right of way as he and his friend entered into the drive-thru.
"She had just cut us off and then as we pull into the drive-thru she shouts 'stupid P-platers', even though she was in the wrong."
Ty said that the woman continued to shout at him and his friend in the vehicle until he reacted to her comments.
The pair allegedly began an expletive-laden argument, with the woman now outside Ty's vehicle.
Ty claims it all escalated when he accused the woman of endangering the lives of her two children by driving dangerously.
"That's when she started laying into me. She got two solid hits into my mouth and she wasn't mucking around," he said.
Ty said that he did raise his fist at the woman as "a natural reaction", but then unclenched and started defending her attempts to land more hits.
"I wouldn't hit a woman. I absolutely despise anybody who does, so I didn't hit her back."
The altercation was filmed by a passenger in a vehicle directly behind the two and was sent directly to Ty who then uploaded it to his Facebook page that evening.
The video sparked frenzy on his page, with more than 100 people commenting on the incident by yesterday afternoon.
The comments were varied, but many people were questioning whether it was appropriate for Ty to defend himself in this situation.
However, due to the quality of the footage, it does not conclusively show that Ty did not hit the woman at any point.
"The video tilts up just as she throws the first punch, so there is a missing piece of evidence which will back up my claims," Ty said.
He said he was seeking CCTV from McDonald's yesterday to back up his side of the story which he would then take to the police to make an official statement against the woman.
Network Moderator's note: Several commenters seem to mistake the word for correlation for causation and are trying to post studies justifying hateful stereotypes. These will be rejected as what they are: obvious trolling.


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