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Gluten reduced beer is brewed with water, malted barley, hops and yeast. Specialized enzymes used widely in the brewing industry are added to break down or hydrolyze the proteins in barley, including the gluten protein "hordein," that causes adverse reactions in people with celiac disease.
The malting of barley, fermentation of the mash (water and malted barley) by yeast and the process of adding specialized enzymes to beer all act to hydrolyze the large protein molecules in barley to smaller proteins called peptides.
Brewers have learned that when specialized enzymes are added during the brewing process, when tested for gluten, the finished beer contains less than 20 parts per million (ppm) gluten. Gluten reduced beer is independently tested by labs using standardized, FDA / Codex Alimentarius Commission approved R5 ELISA test methods used to detect gluten in food.
[EDITOR'S NOTE: Gluten Free Works only products considers that are not derived from, or contaminated with, wheat, barley, rye or oats to be truly gluten-free and therefore safe for people with gluten sensitivity and/or celiac disease.]
Who Makes Gluten Reduced Beer?
Breweries that are marketing gluten reduced beer include Estrella Damm / Daura (Spain), Widmer Brothers Brewing / Omission Beer, (Oregon) and Two Brothers Brewing Company / Prairie Path Beer (Illinois).
Estrella Damm's Daura gluten reduced beer has won multiple international awards. Because Daura is produced in Europe, gluten-free labeling standards have been established through the Codex Alimentarius Commission. A product may be labeled gluten-free if approved ELISA analysis is used to test the product and the test results show that the product contains less than 20 ppm gluten.
According to Estrella Damm, "Estrella Damm Daura is the result of a long collaborative research process between Damm and the CSIC (National Scientific Research Council) gluten unit, using the most advanced technology. It is the first beer in Spain to guarantee a gluten content below 3 ppm (products with a gluten content below 20 ppm are suitable for people with coeliac disease)."
Omission Beer brews a gluten reduced lager and a pale ale, which have also won multiple international awards in the gluten-free beer category. And Omission has the unique distinction of having as its' CEO a person diagnosed with celiac disease. According to their website, "Each batch of Omission Pale Ale and Omission Lager is tested by an independent lab using the R5 Competitive ELISA for gluten content. Although there is scientific evidence supporting this testing, the evidence is not conclusive. Omission beer may contain gluten."
Each bottle of Omission Beer bears a date stamp which identifies that batch of beer. Consumers can go to the Omission Beer website and see the independent R5 ELISA test results for that batch.
Two Brothers Brewing Company, makers of gluten reduced Prairie Path Golden Ale state on their website that "An independent analytical lab has tested the gluten content of Prairie Path Golden Ale. The new FDA standards state that any product that contains barley, but can be proven to contain less than 20 parts per million of gluten, can state that the product has been "Crafted to Remove Gluten. Prairie Path Golden Ale is proven to contain less than 5 ppm, well below the currently proposed standard."
How is Gluten Reduced Beer Tested?
Gluten reduced breweries test each batch of their beer at independent labs using the Codex Alimentarius Commission /FDA approved R5 Competitive ELISA assay.
Why Can't Gluten Reduced Beer Be Labeled Gluten-Free in the United States?
Because the FDA hasn't established gluten-free labeling standards. Until the agency does, maybe this year (?) any food or beverage that contains wheat, barley or rye cannot be labeled gluten-free, even if ELISA testing finds less than 20 ppm gluten in the product. It is widely thought that the FDA will eventually conform with Codex Alimentarius Commission guidelines for gluten-free labeling.
In May of 2012 the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) issued a ruling on how gluten reduced beers made with malted barley can be labeled. "TTB will not allow products made from ingredients that contain gluten to be labeled as "gluten-free." And, "because there are currently no scientifically valid testing methods available to accurately measure the gluten content of fermented products, we will only allow these products to be labeled with a statement that they were processed to remove gluten but that the product may still contain gluten."
In Europe and in Canada foods and beverages that are tested via R5 ELISA assays, and contain less than 20 ppm gluten, even if they are manufactured with malted barley, can be labeled gluten-free.
How is Gluten-Free Beer Different than Gluten Reduced Beer?
Gluten-free beer is not beer in the true definition of beer. It's brewed with one or multiple gluten-free grains, including sorghum, millet, buckwheat or rice and contains zero barley, wheat or rye. In the United States, the FDA will not allow any product or beverage made with wheat, barley or rye to be labeled "gluten-free."
Is Gluten Reduced Beer Safe for People with Celiac Disease?
Much depends on individual biochemistry. Some celiacs react to the slightest exposure to gluten proteins in wheat, barley and rye. It is possible that gluten reduced beers are not safe for all celiacs. It's also possible that for many people with celiac disease, drinking R5 ELISA tested gluten reduced beer won't harm them.
Gluten puts celiacs at risk for developing nutritional deficiencies, malnutrition and even lymphoma so it would be great to have a definitive answer to this question. Unfortunately we really don't.
Biochemist Peter Olins, Ph.D., co-author of the Ultimate Gluten-Free website has concerns about the R5 ELISA test used to analyze the gluten content of beer. He believes that "The R5 antibody does not detect all the peptides that are potentially toxic, (that) the peptides used to calibrate the assay are quite different from the ones created during beer-making and (that) the assay does not actually measure whether the remaining peptides in beer can still provoke an immune reaction in celiacs."
University of California Professor Emeritus of Brewing Science Michael Lewis writes in Celiac Disease, Beer and Brewing that "brewers must be able to demonstrate without equivocation that they have succeeded in producing a gluten-free product. This can best be done if the nature of the offending peptide is known and reliable methods for measuring it are developed."
It appears some celiacs are enjoying the pleasures of drinking gluten reduced beer. Still others are wary and unconvinced that gluten reduced beer is safe.
Celiac disease is complex. Future studies, the development of new testing methods for hydrolyzed gluten proteins and an industry working to produce safe, award-winning beer for the gluten-free market will all help to answer this question.
What do you think? Should beer made from barley be considered gluten-free, even if it falls below 20 parts per million? Comment below!
Author Information: Teri Gruss, MS
About.com Guide to Gluten-Free Cooking
Teri was diagnosed with gluten intolerance after decades of symptoms that culminated in malabsorption syndrome. Teri has written numerous health and nutrition articles for the popular website naturalnews.com and was a founding member and moderator of nutritioncircle.org, a nutrition forum for healthcare professionals and students. She is a member of the American Dietetic Association and supports the non-profit organization Gluten Intolerance Group (GIG) of North America as a member.
Email Teri Gruss, MS here.


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We knew it was coming. The industry that has brought us a drug to treat weak stream, three different boner pills, fifteen or so baldness drugs, Latisse, and Botox (and so on ad nauseum/infinitum) has finally developed a pill to cure the world of the plague that is female sexuality.
Apparently, we didn't already have a wide enough variety of anti-depressants (pshaw, as if) and someone was trying to develop yet another one. While the new drug, fibanserin, turned out to be bunk as an anti-depressant, it had a strange side effect: it caused an increase in libido. The researchers, suspecting they'd accidentally come across the holy grail of pharmaceuticals, started trials of the drug as a libido enhancer right away. The trials, led by Professor John Thorp of the University of North Carolina, included 2,000 women. Those women who took the largest dose reported that they experienced "more frequent and more satisfying sex and greater desire. They were also less distressed about their previous sexual problems." Thorp, pleased with the results, described the drug as "essentially a Viagra-like drug for women in that diminished desire or libido is the most common feminine sexual problem, like erectile sexual dysfunction is in men." I've got a few problems with this story.
First of all, how is not wanting to hump a medical problem? Why are women required to take medicine in order to make sure that their desire to get busy matches that of men? There are several seriously problematic assumptions sitting right underneath the idea that we need a drug to enhance women's libidos. The first of these is that human sexuality is male sexuality, and that female sexuality is thus a variation on "human" sexuality. The line of thinking is that men are easily aroused, and women are not, so women need to get with the program even if that requires taking medicines that might (really, definitely will — it was supposed to be an anti-depressant, and how many of those don't have fucked up side effects?) have side effects that are yet to be discovered. There is also the assumption that when women are involved in sexual relationships with men (I suppose this study could have included lesbians, but no mention was made and I seriously doubt it), they ought to be sexually available whenever their male partners should happen to have the urge. Our culture, media, and social norms tell us that when women don't make themselves sexually available, they are failing as partners, they're "frigid," they deserve to be cheated on.
Why is male sexuality the yardstick by which female sexuality is measured? Why is female sexuality that does not conform to men's desires pathologized? Let's pretend we live on another planet for a minute, a planet on which male sexuality as it commonly manifests in modern American culture is not normative, but rather open to analysis and judgement. Men are overstimulated. The world presents them with a ceaseless parade of images of objectified and sexualized women intended to excite and arouse, from Hennessey billboards to the cover of Stuff to Manswers to the wide world of internet porn. A constant state of arousal has to be disruptive. Maybe it's male sexuality that's dysfunctional, no?
But let's be serious here, male sexuality is not a monolith, nor is female sexuality, and it's absurd that we're pretending either exists as an identifiable entity outside of the socially constructed gender and sexual roles thrust upon us. There is no such thing as a "normal" libido. There is no threshold above which we are having too much sex and below which we are blowing it as human beings. Not humping much, just like humping a lot, ought not elicit opprobrium or constitute a source of shame. If a woman doesn't feel like getting bizzical, she doesn't need medicine, she needs to have her wishes and bodily sovereignty respected. If a woman isn't interested in getting naked, she doesn't need to go to her doctor, she needs to know that it's OK that she feels that way and not be bullied into risking her health by taking a pill to counteract something that isn't dysfunctional.
I think men might be surprised at the "improvement" we'd likely see in women's libidos in the absence of slut shaming, accusations of frigidity, the virgin/whore complex, and emotional blackmail, an "improvement" that wouldn't require dangerous medication that disrupts the way our bodies operate. You see — and I know this will sound crazy — my libido seems to be connected to the behavior of my partner. If he respects my humanity, if he allows me to make decisions regarding sex freely and without passive-aggressive bullshit, if I feel like sex is a means to express affection rather than a bargaining chip, if I feel an intellectual and emotional connection with him, my libido miraculously increases. If he were to act like an entitled asshole and pressure me for sex, if he were to display piggish attitudes about women's sexuality, if he were to treat my sexual needs or desires as if they were of secondary concern, or if I just were to happen to not be that into him (not that I'd hang out with anyone these hypotheticals apply to), I imagine that I'd suddenly transform into Morrissey. Bizarre, I know. Should I be taking a pill?
Who knows how hosey women would be if it weren't for the aggressive and hostile sexual objectification of women and the concomitant slut-shaming so rampant in our society? If women's sexuality were to go unrestricted and were even encouraged the way men's is, if women were allowed to develop their own sexual preferences without being forced to conform their desires to men's, things might be a lot different and we might not be looking for pills to artificially increase women's libidos, because women's libidos wouldn't be suppressed by a society that sublimates their sexuality. I'm just saying, dude.
* Word up to the Esquire for the link.

subset: commoncrawl


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Central Vermont is a signature New England landscape characterized by scenic rolling hills dotted with working farms, homesteads and classic general stores on town greens with church steeples. It comprises all of Washington County and a portion of Orange County and includes Vermont's capital city of Montpelier as well as the villages and towns scattered among the hills, with the ski towns of Stowe, Warren and Waitsfield the best known outside the region. The nation's smallest capital city, Montpelier boasts a lively and historic downtown district offering a wide variety of specialty shops and stores and active performing arts. It is also home to the New England Culinary Institute, and its very popular restaurant. Other notable towns include Plainfield, the home of Goddard College, Hardwick, an important hub for Vermont's growing Locavore movement, and Groton, home to Kettle Pond State Park and the 26,000-acre Groton State Forest. Some of the finest mountain resorts in the Northeast can be found within a 45 mile radius with Stowe Mountain Resort 45 miles to the northwest and Burke Mountain 35 miles to the northeast. The Burlington International Airport is 73 miles, Boston is just under 200 miles, and Montreal is 150 miles.
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Environmental ethics
There is a myth that Christianity is responsible for ecological destruction: by placing Man at the center of creation, by claiming dominion for him over the rest of the visible world, the Church has opened the door to widespread devastation of the environment.
But Christianity does not say that man can do whatever he wants to the environment, to other creatures. He is only a steward, and will be held accountable to God for his works. The world was not given for us to abuse or destroy, but to tend and nurture. The cosmos is alive with the glory of God, and the Christian teaching is that we should regard it with awe and wonder, and show reverence for all of life.
The view that we may treat the world as a machine, to exploit to our own ends, is a product of the "Enlightenment" and the Industrial age, not of Christianity, and is ultimately self-destructive.
Orthodox Books


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Yasiin Yasiin Yasiin
Top 40 Un-rah! (Underdog)
Soft shoulder, imported cotton, single button
I ain't gotta talk loud to be sayin' somethin'
They doin' them, I'm doin' this
I'm too legit... Why would I quit?
They brains in they ass, what they talkin' with
You can smell it on they breath, they just talkin' shit
Get a tic-tac and get back
Or get jacked.... Rack-a-lack
Scared of who? Not at all, not nobody here
Not nobody comin', not nobody there
Trill, therefore movin' on
The simple shit don't move me move along
Surname of the sovereign
Or raised in the belly of the beastly as Gotham
Still clean so nice it's mean
Flaco el guapo Boogeyman Yasiin
Somebody said I was a star
They got it right
My black is brighter than the dark... Ha
My black is brighter than the dark... Ha
My black is brighter... Bey
My black extra and longer like February 31st, 2/32, or February 33rd
If I die today remember me like I'm me
Flaco el guapo Boogeyman Yasiin Bey
I was born at dawn
I was born at dawn
Birth name Dante I was born a don
Yasiin Dante at it on to dawn
Yasiin Dante that's just more of Dawn
Lord... Forgive 'em what they know not
Cool 'em off and out open pie and closed shop
Bey Coffee too strong they can't sleep well
Up top flow chilly chill freeze help
Brooklyn shoulders broad eatin' well and small
Belly forever flat my motto never whack
Bigger house bigger v ain't a bigger man
Cause they better off don't mean they better than
Lord... Forgive 'em what they know not
Souped up and flood water to your stove top
Bey wide awake haters can't sleep well
Pro-flow ice cold chilly chill... Freeze
Yeah I'm a star they got it right
My black is brighter than the dark
My black is brighter than the dark
My black is brighter....
The second in a line of songs Yasiin is calling Top 40 Underdog, the first being Niggas in Poorest.
The Top 40 Underdog series of songs are re-imagined and remixed versions of popular ("Top 40") hip hop and rap songs with more conscious lyrics or even just a Bey-spin on things.
The original to this is the Lil Wayne and Rick Ross song "John".


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ACLU NM: Walgreens assures on birth pill policy
New Mexico advocacy groups say Walgreens won't allow individual pharmacists' personal religious beliefs to prevent customers from filling birth control prescriptions.
The American Civil Liberties Union of New Mexico announced Tuesday that Walgreens told the ACLU and the Southwest Women's Law Center that the company will take steps nationwide to make sure customers received prescriptions regardless of employees' beliefs.
The announcement comes after an Albuquerque Walgreens pharmacist last year refused to fill the birth control prescriptions for two women due to his religious beliefs. The ACLU said that Walgreens pharmacists in Georgia and Alabama last year also refused to sell men emergency contraception.
Michael Polzin, a spokesman woman for the Illinois-based company, said that Walgreens is reiterating to employees the company's current policies.


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Edinburgh/Old Town
The Old Town of Edinburgh represents the historic core of the Scottish capital, built eastwards of the Castle Crag, along the Royal Mile to Holyrood. This article also covers the areas to the immediate south and west of the Old Town - Southside, Tollcross and Bruntsfield.
Along with the New Town, the Old Town was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1995.
Get in[edit]
The Old Town is well connected to the rest of Edinburgh by bus. Numerous taxi ranks can also be found, although beware, Edinburgh taxis are expensive and the ride is soon costly.
From the New Town, it's a short walk along North Bridge from the east end of Princes Street; up the Mound (quite steep!) alongside the National Galleries; or up Lothian Road from the west end of Princes Street.
See[edit][add listing]
Do[edit][add listing]
Buy[edit][add listing]
You don't need to go to the faceless chain stores and multinationals that line the main shopping streets in the New Town. Support local Edinburgh businesses and take home a fantastic and unique memento of your trip.
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- Description
The Czar's jeweller was a genius. As the creator of decorative pieces for Russia's royalty, the master craftsman and his assistants created dozens of unique Imperial Eggs. No two were the same and each is now worth a fortune. The process usually took an entire year of design, planning and fabrication. As the royal jeweller, he was able to retain some of the best goldsmiths, enamellers, silversmiths, jewellers and stone-cutters in the world. Together they invented jewellery techniques, mixed bold new colours and pushed their creativity and skill far beyond where they had gone before.
It's fitting then that we pay tribute to Russia's legendary royal egg art with some innovation of our own. The decorative, enamelled, Jewellery Egg evokes the style of the Romanov masterpieces. The entire egg rests elegantly on a gleaming, crystal-studded stand. What's the big secret? The hinged egg flips open to reveal a luxury interior for displaying (and storing) a miniature Egg Pendant which dangles from a 24" cable chain.
- Additional Information
Additional Information
SKU 23727 Instructions No
- Reviews
You may also be interested in the following product(s)
Imperial Jewellery Egg & Pendant£49.99
Sophia Egg & Pendant£79.99
Zoya Egg & Pendant£79.99
Alexandra Egg & Pendant£79.99
Serafina Jewellery Pink Egg & Pendant£89.99
Florentina Egg & Pendant£79.99


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VICTORIA — When much-travelled politician Gordon Wilson endorsed Christy Clark on the eve of the last election, his statement included a slice of history for those who perhaps recalled him as a cabinet minister in the last New Democratic Party government.
"What many people don't know is that when I was leader of the B.C. Liberal party, Christy Clark was a part of my team (as a staff member)," he proclaimed on a video posted on YouTube. "Now is the time for me to come home and be part of her team."
Yes, the two had apprenticed together at the provincial legislature, with Clark working as a staffer in the Wilson-led official Opposition in the early 1990s.
Then came a prolonged and astonishingly bitter breach.
Wilson, beset by an internal revolt brought on by his own dubious judgment, lost the leadership to Gordon Campbell.
Wilson promptly quit the Liberals in a huff to launch his own party, the Progressive Democratic Alliance, promising a more principled vehicle than the Campbell-led Liberals. Following the 1996 election, he found himself sitting in the legislature as a solo act.
Clark, who'd stayed with the Liberals, was elected MLA in that same election and quickly established herself as one of the sharpest-tongued partisans in the Opposition benches.
The New Democrats, narrow winners in the 1996 election, soon set their sights on recruiting Wilson to their ranks, he being obviously restless as leader and sole MLA for what looked increasingly like a vanity party.
Those doing the courting included the chief of staff to then-premier Glen Clark, a fellow named Adrian Dix. Wilson, ever quick to parade his supposedly superior principles in public, rebuffed the initial overtures, telling reporters: "I just couldn't live with myself."
Then, in early 1999, he discovered that he could indeed live with himself by switching parties for the second time in six years. He accepting the NDP offer of a post in a cabinet that he'd only recently described as "the same old Glen Clark with a bunch of mannequins," in exchange for a salary of $109,000 a year and a side agreement that saw him suffocate his infant political party in its crib.
The other Clark, Christy, lost no time denouncing the cynicism of the move: "Why is it ... that anybody in British Columbia should believe a single word that this new NDP minister has to say when it takes him about 24 hours to abandon every principle that he claimed he used to stand for when he was on this side of the house?''
Wilson, for his part, fired back that, "I don't need to take a lesson from that member when it comes to principles."
Later, she blasted him for overspending his ministerial travel expenses. He fired back with "unlike her, I don't have a broom to travel on."
He published an account of the conspiracy that did him in. She rejected his version of events: "Gordon Wilson had trouble being honest with the Liberals when he was leader of that party and now he's in the NDP cabinet and, quite frankly, given the fact he has trouble telling the truth, he probably fits right in."
Then the other Clark, Glen, was forced to resign as premier (a tale for another day, if ever there was one). Wilson, barely a year into his tenure as a New Democrat, sought the party leadership, backed by Moe Sihota and other members of the faction that had supported the departed premier Clark.
The Liberal Clark offered this non-endorsement: "Gordon Wilson's greatest weakness is exactly the same problem Glen Clark and (former Social Credit premier) Bill Vander Zalm have. He's a bull in a china shop who believes the sun sets on his every whim.''
The sun set soon enough. Wilson withdrew from the leadership campaign before the convention vote that picked Ujjal Dosanjh, and went on to lose his seat in the next election along with Dosanjh and most of the rest of the New Democrats.
Clark, still on the rise, was appointed minister and deputy premier in the victorious Gordon Campbell government. But four years later she bailed on her political career, returning to the provincial fray only when the leadership opened up in 2010.
Then came one of those reminders why, when covering B.C. politics, you should never throw out your files. For as noted above, on the eve of this year's election, long-gone Wilson returned to the political arena, lining up behind Clark at a time when many members of her own party had their doubts about her ability to win the election.
This being a full-service endorsement, Wilson proceeded to blast the man who helped lure him to the other premier Clark's cabinet table.
"Adrian Dix is a leader who doesn't do well under pressure. He is more comfortable behind the scene and has fed off a taxpayer-funded teat for well over 30 years and is hardwired to believe that the 'end justifies the means,' and when under pressure, that's his default."
There matters stood until Monday of this week, when the Liberals announced via cabinet order that Wilson had been rewarded with an appointment as an advocate on the development of liquefied natural gas. He'll be paid $50,000 for four months' work.
Back to the taxpayer-funded teat, so to speak, not that a high-minded fellow like himself would ever be motivated by such a consideration.


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Keywords may be separated by AND and/or OR statements for greater control of the search results.For example, mario AND golf would generate a result set that contains both words. However, for mario OR golf, the result set returned would contain both or either words.
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The audit profession operates in a highly legal environment, and because of this, audit firms must find ways to manage their risk exposure. One way to reduce the risk of litigation against the firm is to manage the client portfolio and resigning from high risk clients. According to the study, family owned firms are less of a litigation risk to the auditor than non-family owned firms, especially when the CEO of the family-owned firm is not a family member. However, if an auditor does resign from auditing a family-owned firm managed by a non-family CEO, the investing public reacts less negatively to this than if the firm were not family owned.
For more information on this study, please contact Samer K. Khalil.
Khalil, S., J. Cohen, and G. Trompeter. Auditor resignation and firm ownership structure. Accounting Horizons 24 (4): 703-727.
This study sheds light on why auditors choose to resign from auditing particular clients. The authors find that public information about audit risk, business risk, and litigation risk as well as private information about audit risk and business risk all play a role in the auditor's resignation decision. This is useful for audit firms and regulators to consider.
Ghosh, A. and C.Y. Tang. 2015. Auditor Resignation and Risk Factors. Accounting Horizons 29 (3): 529-549.
This study provides a more complete analysis (compared to the GAO 2006 study) of how Big 4 firms responded to the supply and demand shocks to the audit market by Andersen and SOX Section 404, which is useful for audit firms and regulators to consider.
Landsman, W. R., K. K. Nelson, and B. R. Rountree. 2009. Auditor switches in the pre- and post-Enron eras: Risk or realignment? The Accounting Review 84 (2): 531-558.
The distribution of fiscal year-end companies in an auditor's client portfolio can place significant strains on the resources of a CPA firm. Auditors are cautioned about the damaging effects of workload compression on the auditor-client relationship. Policymakers should consider auditors' workloads when enacting new rules and regulations.
López, D. M., and G. F. Peters. 2011. Auditor Workload Compression and Busy Season Auditor Switching. Accounting Horizons 25 (2):357-380
The results of this study are useful for regulators to consider the motives for auditor changes and to understand audit client portfolio management. The findings underscore the importance of engagement pricing as a determinant of audit firm's client retention decisions. Specifically, the evidence suggests that engagement pricing pressure occurs on more than an isolated basis and the audit firm's inability to recover unexpectedly high labor usage is associated with the severing of the auditor-client relationship.
Hackenbrack, K. E. and C. E. Hogan. 2005. Client Retention and Engagement-Level Pricing. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 24 (1): 7-20.
The findings from this study impact firms with debt covenant requirements. Violations from debt covenants occur frequently and are often due to tight restrictions rather than signs of financial distress. These types of violations often lead to renegotations or waivers instead of immediate repayment. However, this study shows that auditors will still have negative reactions regardless of whether or not the violation is due to financial difficulty. It is important for firms to not only consider the financial and lending consequences of a violation, but the auditing consequences as well.
Bhaskar, Lori Shefchik, G. V. Krishnan, and W. Yu.2017. "Debt Covenant Violations, Firm Financial Distress, and Auditor Actions". Contemporary Accounting Research 34.1 (2017): 186.
Restatements are an important determinant of auditor resignation. Severe restatements affect new auditor choice. Auditor resignations are another significant cost imposed on restatement companies since companies tend to hire a lower-quality auditor.
For more information on this study, please contact Ying Huang.
Huang, Y. and S. Scholz. 2012. Evidence on the Association between Financial Restatements and Auditor Resignations. Accounting Horizons 26 (3): 439-464.
The results of this study are important for auditors, investors, clients' audit committees, and regulators. Disclosure about auditor resignations may reveal useful information about clients' financial reporting practices. Since auditor resignations potentially signal risk arising from clients' opportunistic financial reporting behavior, investors can make more informed decisions when they understand the linkage between RAM and auditor resignations. The findings of this study also have an important implication for clients' audit committees, because these committees can help to avoid potential negative consequences associated with RAM and auditor resignations by overseeing management reporting practices. Further, the results of this study are important for regulators because they are concerned about auditor changes that are triggered by management opportunism.
For more information on this study, please contact Yongtae Kim.
Kim, Y., and M. Park. 2014. Real Activities manipulation and auditors' client-retention decisions. The Accounting Review 89 (1): 367-401.
This study displays the many outcomes and reasons for those outcomes that could occur when a company decides to switch auditors or when auditor decide to leave a client. Although this study did not find consistent evidence to support the idea that auditor downgrade leads to greater discretionary accruals and possible audit deterioration only highlights the complexities of the client-auditor relationship. Both client companies and audit firms could benefit from the findings of this study by considering the wide range of effects of auditor switching on financial reporting before deciding to switch.
For more information on this study, please contact Brian T. Carver.
Carver, B.T., C.W. Hollingsworth, and J.D. Stanley. 2011. Recent auditor downgrade activity and changes in clients' discretionary accruals. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 30 (3): 33-58.


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The Complete Unknowns
Restrictions: 21 & over
The Complete Unknowns is a celebration of the music of Bob Dylan. Covering Dylan's material spanning his six decade career, the band provides a complete Dylan experience that showcases Bob's songs as well as the great musicianship that brought them to life. Players like Mike Bloomfield, Al Kooper, Rick Danko, Robbie Robertson, Russ Kunkel, Levon Helm and too many more greats to list here. Bob Dylan is arguably the most prolific songwriter of our time and his work has been interpreted by many from Jimi Hendrix to Nina Simone. The bands mission is too entertain you while we maintain the freshness and integrity of Dylan's work. The Complete Unknowns feature: Michael Weiskopf – Vocals, Harmonica & Guitar Randolph A. Hudson III – Guitars Taka Shimizu – Bass Alex Sarkis – Drums Stuart Sherman – Keyboards


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Peter Kelly-Detwiler
November 9, 2012
New York Mayor Bloomberg signed an emergency order today to "establish an odd-even license plate system" for gas rationing in an effort to bring order back to the long lines waiting for gas. This was highly reminiscent to me of my travel in Ecuador in the late 90's, when mile-long lines would result on the streets of Quito if the tankers weren't getting paid to offload fuel in the port of Guayaquil.
The shortage of gas in New York appears to be affected principally by two dynamics:
1) a real reduction in the supply of fuel being imported into the region and refined. Of the 57 import terminals in the affected region, 8 were reported as still not operational as of Thursday. In addition, Sandy reduced refinery productivity by 308,000 barrels per day in New Jersey, temporarily crippling Bayway, New Jersey's largest refinery and idling a Port Reading refinery as well.
The Emergency Election Sale is now live! Get 30% to 60% off our most popular products today!


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Many of my readers may have noticed the lack of activity on this blog over the past five months; maybe even the past year. You might even be wondering why I've been so quiet. I've been neglecting you all; for that I apologize. You are owed an explanation and I have been wanting to give one to you. I just have had a hard time finding the words… so here is my best attempt.
When I started this blog, I was going through a pretty life-altering transitional phase. Believe it or not, that was six years ago; my first post was a Calvin and Hobbes strip on October 10, 2008. I was shedding my younger self the way your body sheds old cells (and trust me, it was just as ugly); I wanted to grow, to expand my potential, to make a better future for myself.
You see I didn't like the person I had become and I needed an outlet to express who I wanted to be, and I was fairly certain I knew what that would look like. I had come to realize that the criticism I had received over the years had gotten to me, because it had been fairly accurate. I was pretending to be a scholar, pretending to be educated. I really didn't have a clue back then (and to a certain extent, I am still learning). My first step towards this better me was enrolling in college; a colleague told me it was a good means of finding my way.
Since that time, I've faced a lot of changes; my views on certain subjects have dramatically shifted as well. I don't know if it is maturity or education or something else entirely, but I know that I don't have the same goals and beliefs that I had when I started to build up this blog.
I know, I'm beating around the bush. Let me be blunt about it: I need a change in scenery.
I've been involved in Biblical Studies for over a decade now, and as far as interest goes I've been reading the bible, the church fathers, and the noncanonical books since I was 16 when I first picked up a copy of Thomas Aquinas' Summa theologica. Over the last three years I've published a handful of academic papers, co-edited a collection of essays, given a few lectures, and co-presented a paper at SBL (though Joel did the presentation, because he's awesome). All of this I've done while working a full time job and going to school part time so I can earn my laurels and gain some credibility.
It hasn't been an easy road, but it has been one that has tried me. I have been questioning my own motives for a while now; I mean, why am I even studying the bible? I do know how I got involved in it. Initially, when I was a teenager, I wanted to become a priest. While actually reading the texts, I lost my faith, and then became focused on validating that loss. I spent my late teens and early twenties doing really stupid, immature things as a part of that validation. When I got into my mid-late twenties, the bible became all I knew.
When I started to take academia seriously, began working on my academic credentials, it had already started to lose its appeal to me. I had to focus on my book, or on this project, or on that article. After a while it just became habitual; I was studying for studying's sake. I was going to school and taking classes in Classics and Ancient History and Biblical Studies because it was all I had known, it was something at which I was good (as indicated by the consistently high marks I received).
But just doing something because I could was starting to feel a bit hollow. Part of me felt as though I was just going through the motions. Worse yet, and I hate to say this but, I was outpacing most of my fellow students when it came to basic biblical knowledge. That isn't me being full of myself, it was an actual thing. There were students who couldn't even identify trivial knowledge about Jesus and many of these students had grown up around close-knit church communities. I would sit in class and get annoyed, legitimately annoyed, at the sort of things most of my classmates would say or ask. Deep down I knew that for them, these classes were just an elective or something to get them to their last credit before graduating, but that just bothered me more. I mean, didn't they care? Didn't they want to learn about it? Why would you spend all that money, go into debt, if you're just going to not care?
At the time, I thought I was just mad at them. To an extent, I suppose I was. It was more than just simple anger; it was instructive. It became apparent that I didn't have answers to the very questions I was asking about my peers. Did I want to learn about this? Do I really care? Slowly it became apparent to me that I was burning myself out.
I began to ask myself if I had it in me to deal with that unease every day for a full semester over multiple facets of different types of classes. If this was the path I stayed on, could I consistently teach about something that I felt less inclined towards, to students who consistently cared less and less? I know this isn't every student—I befriended a lot of great people who were exceptionally smart and fun to be around—but it does represent a good portion. I remember one student showed up for class maybe three times the whole semester; then for his final exam—essay heavy, I might add—he "finished" it after only a half an hour. It was demoralizing.
There were also lots of little things that added up after a while. The intimidation of the loss of tenure-track positions in the field, academic pushback against challenging new concepts, and the amount of pure drivel being published by highly acclaimed, tenured professors—some that passes for academic work these days—also frustrated me. The media's insistence on ignoring solid, serious scholarship in the field while championing some of the most obvious fakes, frauds, and charlatan's I've come across did not help alleviate my consternation.
The straw that broke the camel's back was the RU Screw (It's actually in the urban dictionary)—anyone who attends or has attended Rutgers knows what it is I mean. To say that I've become disenchanted with academia is an understatement. I still hold that a college degree is important (which is why I'm still going), and I still think that everyone needs a solid education—those are characteristics I am glad to have found useful and don't intend on leaving behind. I'm just having a harder time believing the idealistic dream I once had that working hard in academia always yields results and respect. It has for me, so far, but only because I've been lucky in my friends (I cannot take any credit for myself).
So where does that leave us, this blog, my future? Well, I don't know. I'm still very passionate about history, but I think I need to step back and reexamine my choices. The college I am now currently enrolled in does not have a Classics program and so what I'm left with is a basic history degree. That suits me, as it broadens my reach a little bit more while stripping away from the specialization that was becoming a little too suffocating.
There is a surprising amount of good that has come from this. Stepping back from Biblical Studies has also allowed me to reacquaint myself with American history, a subject I've always loved. It has been a welcoming host; I think part of why I have been so unhappy in Biblical Studies is that I have always had a greater love of American history. After finding personal links to the Revolution through ancestry research, I've become even more interested in it.
Incidentally, my schooling has been part time because as a nontraditional student I have to work to pay bills. I think that if I had been able to go to school full time from the start, I not only would have already graduated, but I would be well on my way in grad school. So in a way, while slow-going, it has been a benefit to me to be able to shift fields, if it comes to that.
That also means that with two more years left until I graduate, I have time to figure it all out. In order to find my way, I need to step back from this blog. I need to step aside from Biblical Studies and focus on my work and see where it leads me. Maybe I will find a way to link both fields of American history and Biblical Studies; one friend has suggested combining them into ways to discuss how the bible influenced policies and politics in Colonial America.
Either way, I'm done for now, here, with this blog. I leave you in much of the same way I came–with Calvin and Hobbes and a sincere 'thank you' to all my readers over the years. I have tried to do right by my readers and the interwebs, for what it is worth, in an attempt to make up for past transgressions. I hope that you don't think less of me for this new move, and that I will continue to have your support going forward. This isn't goodbye forever; however, it is goodbye for now.
Filed under: Belief, Life, Scholarship, Student Life, Uncategorized | 7 Comments »


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The Bartons Arms is one of the finest examples of Victorian pub architecture in the United Kingdom. Built in 1901 and Grade II* listed, the pub features extensive tiling, decorative etched glass, stained glass windows and original snob screens that can only be found in a handful of pubs in the UK.
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Chambray Blue Boyfriend Shirt
The Boyfriend Shirt is a cute alternative to our getting ready robes. These ultra-soft pieces feature a top-stitched collar neckline that resembles your boyfriend's favourite shirt. With a button down front closure, the Boyfriend Shirt is easy to take on and off which makes them perfect for getting ready on that special day. Unlike other restrictive shirts, these are designed with a unique side slit for ease of movement and comfort. If your boyfriend starts stealing it, don't blame us!
Material: Soft and luxurious rayon
Sleeves: Long sleeves with button cuffs
Neckline: Button-down
Pockets: Left and right breast pockets
The Boyfriend Shirt is most often worn as an alternative to our getting-ready robes while having hair and makeup done on the big day. But don't let that limit your creativity! Our stylish and creative customers have told us of the many other ways to wear them such as:
- For taking getting ready photos with their besties.
- Lounging around in at home
- Wearing as a cover-up over a bikini at the beach.
- Layering over jeans/shorts/leggings to stay warm on a cool day
- Roll up the cuffs and you have a whole new look!
Small (0-4)
Medium (6-8)
Large (10-12)
* Length is measured from shoulder to hemline
Due to the delicate nature of this garment, handwashing and hanging to dry is recommended to ensure it looks great for years to come.


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Report Long Grass or Weeds
Grass or weeds taller than 8 inches is in violation of Minneapolis ordinance. If grass or weeds are taller than 8", an inspector may issue an order to the property owner giving them at least 3 days to cut it. If the violation is not corrected, inspectors may authorize a contractor to cut the grass and assess the costs and administrative fees to the owner.
- Questions with an asterisk (*) are required.
- You must provide an email address and your first and last name.
- Please be specific about the violation. Is the long grass or weeds in the front, side, back yard? Is it along the fence line, or near the alley?
- When you submit the form, you will receive an email confirming your request.
- The email will have the case number and an expected completion date for your request.
- Service Level Goal: This issue may take 10 work days for an initial response, and 10-15+ additional days for nuisance condition resolution.
- Resolution: An inspector will review the complaint, and make an initial inspection of the property where the complaint is registered. If a violation of ordinance is found, a violation letter will be sent to the taxpayer of record at the property. Final resolution of the nuisance condition, in some cases, cannot be estimated.
Last updated Apr 24, 2020


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That's right, an AUTOBOT ONLY contest. A little friendly rivalry between you and your fellow Autobots and all you have to do is what you normally do, hunt down and stasis lock a few Decepticons.
Here are the details!
Dragonslayer wrote:That's right, Autobots! It's time for a little friendly competition with a scalphunt! The rules are as follows:
* Event will begin on Sunday, May 23, at 12:00 pm Central Daylight Time and will end on Saturday, May 29, at midnight CDT
* Claims may be tracked in the upcoming Claims Thread (for those who have access to Iacon)
* Only Missions with at least 3 combatants a side will count
* To make up for limiting missions and rarity of alts, you will be allowed to claim the same Decepticon more than once
Your targets will be Decepticons with the following altmodes:
Stand Off
Road Rage
All participants will receive an icon similar to the Autobot Spartan symbol in my avatar or sig, with the color representing the number of kills you registered (bronze, silver, gold, etc.). In addition, the top 3 players will receive an energon bonus, courtesy of RevengeofStarscream and the Bank of Iacon: 1st place will receive 600,000, 2nd place will receive 300,000, and 3rd place will receive 150,000.
So get ready! Then hunt begins midday on Sunday...Good luck!!
To read the backstory to the hunt that Dragonslayer has written, and to join in on any hunt related chatter, check in on hunt central here
NOTE: HMW Staff apologise in advance to those Autobot Commanders that currently do not have access to Iacon, the Autobot faction forum. Rest assurred though that there will be plenty of other competitions in the future that we hope you'll stick around to participate in!


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HARTFORD — A former doctor charged with killing a Yale University physician is constitutionally entitled to taxpayer dollars to pay for investigators and defense experts as he represents himself in the murder case, the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled Monday.
The high court also said in the unanimous ruling written by Chief Justice Chase T. Rogers that the public funds for Lishan Wang's experts should come from the state Office of the Chief Public Defender, which had opposed paying the costs. The decision applies to all indigent criminal defendants who represent themselves after refusing public defender services.
Wang, 48, whose last address was in Marietta, Georgia, is charged with murder in the shooting death of Dr. Vajinder Toor in 2010 outside Toor's home in Branford. He's also charged with attempted murder for shooting at Toor's pregnant wife, who wasn't harmed.
Authorities say the shooting appeared to stem from a dispute Wang had with Toor and other doctors while they all worked together at Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center in New York City. Wang was fired from the medical center in 2008 after a series of confrontations with Toor and other colleagues.
Police said Wang went to Toor's home with handguns, 1,000 rounds of ammunition and documents on two other people involved in his job dismissal. A Branford officer who pulled Wang over near Interstate 95 after the shooting said he believes he may have prevented other killings.
Toor, 34, who came to the U.S. from India in 2004, was a postdoctoral fellow at the Yale School of Medicine.
Wang, a native of China, was declared indigent and qualified for a state public defender, but decided to represent himself and waived his right to a public defender.
Wang said the state should pay for his experts. He has said that he wants to hire forensic expert Henry Lee, who ran the state crime lab for years and rose to prominence through his work in infamous cases including those of O.J. Simpson and Jon Benet Ramsey.
"We conclude that an indigent self-represented criminal defendant has a fourteenth amendment due process right to (publicly) funded expert or investigative services," Rogers wrote.
The public defenders' office argued that state law didn't authorize it to pay for experts for self-represented defendants who waived their right to a public defender. Chief Public Defender Susan O. Storey said the Judicial Branch historically has paid expenses for self-represented litigants.
"This question has surfaced many times throughout the last 30 years," Storey said. "I expect our agency will definitely be financially impacted by this decision."
It wasn't immediately clear how much the extra costs to the public defenders' office will be.


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Southern ThailandKevin (เควิน) Khaosan
Many people head straight to the South of Thailand and spend the rest of their stay enjoying all that this beautiful region has to offer. There are 14 provinces in all and each offers something different, to the highly popular and crowded areas in Phuket and Krabi to the much quieter, less visited areas of Songkla and Yala near the border with Malaysia.
Although areas of the west coast of Thailand were badly affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004, all infrastructure has long since been repaired thanks to the hard work of local and international volunteers. Perhaps the most effected area was Koh Phi Phi, and people still wanting to make a contribution can do so through the Children of Phi Phi Island foundation www.childrenofphiphi.com.
Many people tend to avoid the very south of Thailand, scared off by the stories of bombing and murders. The trouble started in 2004, when a long resentment in the southern-most Muslim-majority provinces burst into violence in Narathiwat, Pattani and Yala provinces. However, this all took place well off the beaten tourist trail, and few visitors were affected.
The Songkla Province town of Hat Yai has also been hit by a series of related bombings, although none of the islands or the west coast beaches have been targeted.
In September 2006, three foreigners were killed in Hat Yai bomb blasts. Some rebel groups have threatened foreigners, but no westerners have been directly singled out for attacks and generally the south of Thailand is still a safe place to travel.


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Weeks before early voting, ballot issue unsettled
A proposed ballot measure about casinos remains tied up in court just weeks before early voting begins in Arkansas.
The state Supreme Court hasn't said when it will weigh in on two pending lawsuits about a professional poker player's bid to win exclusive rights to operate casinos in Arkansas.
Early voting begins Oct. 22 ahead of the Nov. 6 election.
A lawyer for professional poker player Nancy Todd told the high court last month that the state was wrong to reject her proposal, which would give her the right to operate casinos in four counties.
The secretary of state's office said Todd's proposed measure didn't inform voters it would repeal a law allowing a Hot Springs horse track and a West Memphis dog track to operate electronic "games of skill."


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Since opening its doors to become Malta's first glass factory way back in 1968, Mdina Glass has endeavoured to establish and maintain a reputation for artistic innovation, quality and consistency in each and every individual piece of glassware produced by its artisans. The Mdina Glass collection of handmade products, made by its specialist craftsmen, includes myriad items designed to bring light and colour to your home. The most traditional line of products includes vases and bowls, perfume bottles, solid objects, fused glassware (incl. plates, clocks, house names and numbers, frames etc.) and intricate lampwork figurines and shapes.
With the emphasis on innovative, quality glassware, Mdina Glass has introduced a number of other product lines over the years including scented candleholders, lanterns, lighting (incl. lampshades, pendant lights and chandeliers) and tableware.
Mdina Glass has also become known for its range of trophies and corporate gifts with glass engraving. These products are offered from the production portfolio or made to order to a specific design brief.
Various techniques are utilised to create the vast array of artwork. Apart from glassblowing and the free shaping of solid pieces, Mdina Glass artisans have also been at the forefront in the introduction of new techniques on the island, as was the case with lampworking in 1990 and glass fusion in 1995. Whatever the technique utilised, however, each piece of Mdina Glass ultimately reflects the freedom of expression, artistic versatility and fine craftsmanship of its people. None of the company's glassware is the product of a single person or idea. Its creations bring out the best of the material itself as well as the talents of highly skilled craftsmen and artists who handcraft each and every item.
The exceptional high standard, quality and design interpretation of these glassware products have made them highly sought after by locals, visitors and online clients from around the world. Indeed, Mdina Glass products are getting pride of place in the homes of many who have come to appreciate these as individual masterpieces that can transform the look of one's home. The infinite variety of items on offer, and the exciting shades and colours in which they are presented, have also made them popular gift options, particularly for weddings and anniversaries.


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As explained in Backing Beans, a component tag can wire its component's data to a back-end data object by doing one of the following:
Binding its component's value to a bean property or other external data source
A component tag's value attribute uses a value expression to bind the component's value to an external data source, such as a bean property. A component tag's binding attribute uses a value expression to bind a component instance to a bean property.
When a component instance is bound to a backing bean property, the property holds the component's local value. Conversely, when a component's value is bound to a backing bean property, the property holds the value stored in the backing bean. This value is updated with the local value during the update model values phase of the life cycle. There are advantages to both of these techniques.
Binding a component instance to a bean property has these advantages:
The backing bean can programmatically modify component attributes.
The backing bean can instantiate components rather than let the page author do so.
Binding a component's value to a bean property has these advantages:
The page author has more control over the component attributes.
The backing bean has no dependencies on the JavaServer Faces API (such as the UI component classes), allowing for greater separation of the presentation layer from the model layer.
The JavaServer Faces implementation can perform conversions on the data based on the type of the bean property without the developer needing to apply a converter.
In most situations, you will bind a component's value rather than its instance to a bean property. You'll need to use a component binding only when you need to change one of the component's attributes dynamically. For example, if an application renders a component only under certain conditions, it can set the component's rendered property accordingly by accessing the property to which the component is bound.
When referencing the property using the component tag's value attribute, you need to use the proper syntax. For example, suppose a backing bean called MyBean has this int property:
int currentOption = null; int getCurrentOption(){...} void setCurrentOption(int option){...}
The value attribute that references this property must have this value-binding expression:
In addition to binding a component's value to a bean property, the value attribute can specify a literal value or can map the component's data to any primitive (such as int), structure (such as an array), or collection (such as a list), independent of a JavaBeans component. Table 11–8 lists some example value-binding expressions that you can use with the value attribute.Table 11–8 Example Value-binding Expressions
A Boolean
cart.numberOfItems > 0
A property initialized from a context init parameter
A bean property
Value in an array
Value in a collection
Property of an object in an array of objects
The next two sections explain in more detail how to use the value attribute to bind a component's value to a bean property or other external data sources and how to use the binding attribute to bind a component instance to a bean property.
To bind a component's value to a bean property, you specify the name of the bean and the property using the value attribute. As explained in Backing Beans, the value expression of the component tag's value attribute must match the corresponding managed bean declaration in the application configuration resource file.
This means that the name of the bean in the value expression must match the managed-bean-name element of the managed bean declaration up to the first period (.) in the expression. Similarly, the part of the value expression after the period must match the name specified in the corresponding property-name element in the application configuration resource file.
For example, consider this managed bean configuration, which configures the ImageArea bean corresponding to the North America part of the image map on the chooselocale.jsp page of the Duke's Bookstore application:
<managed-bean> <managed-bean-name> NA </managed-bean-name> <managed-bean-class> model.ImageArea </managed-bean-class> <managed-bean-scope> application </managed-bean-scope> <managed-property> <property-name>shape</property-name> <value>poly</value> </managed-property> <managed-property> <property-name>alt</property-name> <value>NAmerica</value> </managed-property> ... </managed-bean>
This example configures a bean called NA, which has several properties, one of which is called shape.
Although the area tags on the chooselocale.jsp page do not bind to an ImageArea property (they bind to the bean itself), to do this, you refer to the property using a value expression from the value attribute of the component's tag:
<h:outputText value="#{NA.shape}" />
Much of the time you will not include definitions for a managed bean's properties when configuring it. You need to define a property and its value only when you want the property to be initialized with a value when the bean is initialized.
If a component tag's value attribute must refer to a property that is not initialized in the managed-bean configuration, the part of the value-binding expression after the period must match the property name as it is defined in the backing bean.
See Application Configuration Resource File for information on how to configure beans in the application configuration resource file.
Writing Bean Properties explains in more detail how to write the backing bean properties for each of the component types.
One external data source that a value attribute can refer to is an implicit object.
The bookreceipt.jsp page of the Duke's Bookstore application includes a reference to an implicit object from a parameter substitution tag:
<h:outputFormat title="thanks" value="#{bundle.ThankYouParam}"> <f:param value="#{sessionScope.name}"/> </h:outputFormat>
This tag gets the name of the customer from the session scope and inserts it into the parameterized message at the key ThankYouParam from the resource bundle. For example, if the name of the customer is Gwen Canigetit, this tag will render:
Thank you, Gwen Canigetit, for purchasing your books from us.
The name tag on the bookcashier.jsp page has the NameChanged listener implementation registered on it. This listener saves the customer's name in the session scope when the bookcashier.jsp page is submitted. See Implementing Value-Change Listeners for more information on how this listener works. See Registering a Value-Change Listener on a Component to learn how the listener is registered on the tag.
Retrieving values from other implicit objects is done in a similar way to the example shown in this section. Table 11–9 lists the implicit objects that a value attribute can refer to. All of the implicit objects except for the scope objects are read-only and therefore should not be used as a value for a UIInput component.Table 11–9 Implicit Objects
Implicit Object
What It Is
A Map of the application scope attribute values, keyed by attribute name
A Map of the cookie values for the current request, keyed by cookie name
The FacesContext instance for the current request
A Map of HTTP header values for the current request, keyed by header name
A Map of String arrays containing all the header values for HTTP headers in the current request, keyed by header name
A Map of the context initialization parameters for this web application
A Map of the request parameters for this request, keyed by parameter name
A Map of String arrays containing all the parameter values for request parameters in the current request, keyed by parameter name
A Map of the request attributes for this request, keyed by attribute name
A Map of the session attributes for this request, keyed by attribute name
The root UIComponent in the current component tree stored in the FacesRequest for this request
A component instance can be bound to a bean property using a value expression with the binding attribute of the component's tag. You usually bind a component instance rather than its value to a bean property if the bean must dynamically change the component's attributes.
Here are two tags from the bookcashier.jsp page that bind components to bean properties:
<h:selectBooleanCheckbox id="fanClub" rendered="false" binding="#{cashier.specialOffer}" /> <h:outputLabel for="fanClub" rendered="false" binding="#{cashier.specialOfferText}" > <h:outputText id="fanClubLabel" value="#{bundle.DukeFanClub}" /> </h:outputLabel>
The selectBooleanCheckbox tag renders a check box and binds the fanClub UISelectBoolean component to the specialOffer property of CashierBean. The outputLabel tag binds the component representing the check box's label to the specialOfferText property of CashierBean. If the application's locale is English, the outputLabel tag renders:
I'd like to join the Duke Fan Club, free with my purchase of over $100
The rendered attributes of both tags are set to false, which prevents the check box and its label from being rendered. If the customer orders more than $100 (or 100 euros) worth of books and clicks the Submit button, the submit method of CashierBean sets both components' rendered properties to true, causing the check box and its label to be rendered.
These tags use component bindings rather than value bindings because the backing bean must dynamically set the values of the components' rendered properties.
If the tags were to use value bindings instead of component bindings, the backing bean would not have direct access to the components, and would therefore require additional code to access the components from the FacesContext instance to change the components' rendered properties.
Writing Properties Bound to Component Instances explains how to write the bean properties bound to the example components and also discusses how the submit method sets the rendered properties of the components.


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FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions:
1. Can I change the language?
Yes, simply click on the top right of corresponding language icon. If you open an account, the language in which you do automatically is saved as a correspondence language.
2. My search criteria are not successful, why is that?
This can happen for two reasons:
3. What is an ISBN / EAN?
ISBN = International Serial Book Number
4. How can I buy a voucher from businessbuch.ch?
If you are interested in a voucher from Businessbuch.ch, then please send an e-mail to: email@example.com with the following informations:


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Ummm good post Dan.Uncle dans leg wrote:Can't we disect the body postmortem? What the fuck happened last night? They took the series over physically on a team that doesn't deal well with being taken over. Why freak out and trade everyone after 2 games?
Where are the real fans? Where are the fans who saw their team lay a licking on a very strong sharks team? Make no mistake...we ran those fuckers hard last night and they are wearing ice bags today. All of them.
I don't share your pessimism. I see a team in VCR that is only just now getting there groove on. Kesler has arrived my worried friends and if you all jump ship now you'll be wiping the egg off your collective faces.
So enough hand wringing, bed wetting and panty twisting girls. Last time I checked 2 wins doesn't mean shit.
Some of these "fans" are living in an alternate reality wherein the Canucks did NOT come back from being down 0-2 against the Sharks only to eventually win the Cup.
Some of these "fans" just can't wait until the off-season so they can listen to themselves talk for months about what changes need to be made in their not so humble opinions.
It's MUCH better for that kind of "fan" when the Canucks fail.


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Business doing it tough: survey
Businesses have recorded their toughest three months of trading since the Australian economy was emerging from the depths of the global financial crisis, a survey shows.
The National Australia Bank's quarterly business survey showed both conditions and confidence deteriorated to levels not seen since the first half of 2009.
Business confidence fell to an index level of minus five in the December quarter, the weakest result since the three months to March 2009, while conditions slumped to minus six, a level not seen since the June quarter of 2009.
The negative index readings indicate the number of businesses that believe conditions worsened during the quarter outnumber those that believe conditions improved, and that pessimists outnumber optimists about the outlook for early 2013.
NAB said it appeared concerns about the state of the economy had outweighed any positive effect from recent interest rate cuts.
The Reserve Bank of Australia cut the cash rate a total of 1.75 percentage points between November 2011 and December 2012, bringing it to its current level of 3.0 per cent.
"It appears that recent interest rate reductions have done little to alleviate business worries about the currently soft state of the local economy," the bank said in a statement.
"Weak indicators of future demand, global concerns, a still high Australian dollar and fiscal consolidation are likely to be weighing on expectations."
The bank said the weakness in business conditions during the quarter suggested Australia gross domestic product growth continued to slow during the quarter.
It said the decline in conditions was spread across all industries, with the sharpest decline occurring in mining - due to lower commodity prices early in the quarter - followed by construction, manufacturing and transport, and utilities.
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NFL playoffs are right around the corner, but 'tis the season for a jolt of baseball excitement too, as teams sign new players. The contracts are getting bigger and bigger, supported by growing MLB revenues. Some of the major signings under the tree this year (more here):
- Zack Greinke, 6 yrs, $147 million (Dodgers)
- Josh Hamilton, 5 yrs, $125 million (Angels)
- B.J. Upton, 5 yrs, $75 million (Rays)
- Anibal Sanchez, 5 yrs, $80 million (Tigers)
But before you start thinking playoffs, remember that many big deals don't work out. Who will be nice and who will be naughty this year?
The Old Lumps of Coal
From the list above, Greinke is 29 years old, Hamilton is 31, Upton is 28, and Sanchez is 28. Not many young players are available through free agency, but are these 4 to 6 year deals for 28 to 31 year olds a good idea? I tackled this question with my friend Jeff Phillips for ESPN the Magazine in early October.
Specifically, we wondered if long deals for 30 year olds made more sense during the steroid era, when players could recover, train, and maintain more easily. There are two sides of the coin: (1) how has older player performance changed, and (2) has older player compensation evolved appropriately. We focused on players in the top quarter of the salary distribution, since that's where the big money is spent. To measure performance, we examined average Wins Above Replacement Player (WARP)* by age during and after the steroid era:
Uh oh. Although performance for all highly paid players has gone down, older "stars" have turned out to be coal indeed. Looking year by year highlights the post-PED age decline. Average WARP for older and younger stars was remarkably similar through the steroid era, but older player WARP Continue reading


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Mark Smaalders
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Moderator: Moderator Group
DLintheTrenches wrote:I understand his frustration but definitely didn't like him taking shots at the student-athletes, who have 0 say in what games are played. But I know every single Mountaineer I played with would vote to play them, whether 50 vs 50 or 100 vs. 11.
scoopnscore wrote:The year was a typo. Mike Menghini graduated from Iron Mountain in 2002 I believe.
upfootball wrote:
Which makes him a State Champion with one loss to Kingsford in a time where Kingsford had much more students then they do now.
upfootball wrote: Any former IMHS football player (at least before the Boddy/Marttila eras), except maybe Robin Marttila (who played under legendary coach Wender), would tell you the Iron Mountain-Kingsford game was the most important game of the year.
upfootball wrote:Still doing research of this rivalry. Going through it trying to come up with an all rivalry team. Really good stuff out there. Here is one of Iron Mountain's most successful coaches, players...
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