text: Tidal Volume: The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.Respiration, Artificial: Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).Respiratory Mechanics: The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.Respiration: The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).Ventilators, Mechanical: Mechanical devices used to produce or assist pulmonary ventilation.Positive-Pressure Respiration: A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.Pulmonary Ventilation: The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.Lung Compliance: The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury: Lung damage that is caused by the adverse effects of PULMONARY VENTILATOR usage. The high frequency and tidal volumes produced by a mechanical ventilator can cause alveolar disruption and PULMONARY EDEMA.Respiratory Dead Space: That part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT or the air within the respiratory tract that does not exchange OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE with pulmonary capillary blood.Lung Volume Measurements: Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult: A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.Blood Volume: Volume of circulating BLOOD. It is the sum of the PLASMA VOLUME and ERYTHROCYTE VOLUME.Air Pressure: The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment.Pulmonary Gas Exchange: The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.Respiratory Rate: The number of times an organism breathes with the lungs (RESPIRATION) per unit time, usually per minute.Airway Resistance: Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.Hypercapnia: A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.Inhalation: The act of BREATHING in.Barotrauma: Injury following pressure changes; includes injury to the eustachian tube, ear drum, lung and stomach.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Lung Injury: Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.Work of Breathing: RESPIRATORY MUSCLE contraction during INHALATION. The work is accomplished in three phases: LUNG COMPLIANCE work, that required to expand the LUNGS against its elastic forces; tissue resistance work, that required to overcome the viscosity of the lung and chest wall structures; and AIRWAY RESISTANCE work, that required to overcome airway resistance during the movement of air into the lungs. Work of breathing does not refer to expiration, which is entirely a passive process caused by elastic recoil of the lung and chest cage. (Guyton, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 8th ed, p406)Respiratory Function Tests: Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.Functional Residual Capacity: The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the RESIDUAL VOLUME and the EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is FRC.Blood Gas Analysis: Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Plethysmography: Recording of change in the size of a part as modified by the circulation in it.Plethysmography, Whole Body: Measurement of the volume of gas in the lungs, including that which is trapped in poorly communicating air spaces. It is of particular use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Respiratory Muscles: These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.Hyperventilation: A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.Acute Lung Injury: A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).Diaphragm: The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.Pressure: A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Respiratory Physiological Phenomena: Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.Partial Pressure: The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Intubation, Intratracheal: A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.High-Frequency Ventilation: Ventilatory support system using frequencies from 60-900 cycles/min or more. Three types of systems have been distinguished on the basis of rates, volumes, and the system used. They are high frequency positive-pressure ventilation (HFPPV); HIGH-FREQUENCY JET VENTILATION; (HFJV); and high-frequency oscillation (HFO).Respiratory Insufficiency: Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)Capnography: Continuous recording of the carbon dioxide content of expired air.Ventilator Weaning: Techniques for effecting the transition of the respiratory-failure patient from mechanical ventilation to spontaneous ventilation, while meeting the criteria that tidal volume be above a given threshold (greater than 5 ml/kg), respiratory frequency be below a given count (less than 30 breaths/min), and oxygen partial pressure be above a given threshold (PaO2 greater than 50mm Hg). Weaning studies focus on finding methods to monitor and predict the outcome of mechanical ventilator weaning as well as finding ventilatory support techniques which will facilitate successful weaning. Present methods include intermittent mandatory ventilation, intermittent positive pressure ventilation, and mandatory minute volume ventilation.Stroke Volume: The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.Pulmonary Stretch Receptors: Stretch receptors found in the bronchi and bronchioles. Pulmonary stretch receptors are sensors for a reflex which stops inspiration. In humans, the reflex is protective and is probably not activated during normal respiration.Thorax: The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Plasma Volume: Volume of PLASMA in the circulation. It is usually measured by INDICATOR DILUTION TECHNIQUES.Pulmonary Alveoli: Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.Inspiratory Capacity: The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after reaching the end of a normal, quiet expiration. It is the sum of the TIDAL VOLUME and the INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. Common abbreviation is IC.Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.Forced Expiratory Volume: Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.Lung Diseases: Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Spirometry: Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.Vagotomy: The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes.Plethysmography, Impedance: Recording changes in electrical impedance between electrodes placed on opposite sides of a part of the body, as a measure of volume changes in the path of the current. (Stedman, 25th ed)Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.Exhalation: The act of BREATHING out.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Pulmonary Edema: Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Anesthesia, General: Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.Chemoreceptor Cells: Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.ManikinsDioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.Total Lung Capacity: The volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration. It is the equivalent to each of the following sums: VITAL CAPACITY plus RESIDUAL VOLUME; INSPIRATORY CAPACITY plus FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY; TIDAL VOLUME plus INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME plus functional residual capacity; or tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME plus residual volume.Expiratory Reserve Volume: The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is ERV.Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid: Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.Oxygen Consumption: The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)Erythrocyte Volume: Volume of circulating ERYTHROCYTES . It is usually measured by RADIOISOTOPE DILUTION TECHNIQUE.Cardiac Output: The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).Vital Capacity: The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.Arrhythmia, Sinus: Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds.Aerosols: Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.Pulmonary Surfactants: Substances and drugs that lower the SURFACE TENSION of the mucoid layer lining the PULMONARY ALVEOLI.Anoxia: Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.Phrenic Nerve: The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.Thoracic Wall: The outer margins of the thorax containing SKIN, deep FASCIA; THORACIC VERTEBRAE; RIBS; STERNUM; and MUSCLES.Lung Diseases, Obstructive: Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.Blood Volume Determination: Method for determining the circulating blood volume by introducing a known quantity of foreign substance into the blood and determining its concentration some minutes later when thorough mixing has occurred. From these two values the blood volume can be calculated by dividing the quantity of injected material by its concentration in the blood at the time of uniform mixing. Generally expressed as cubic centimeters or liters per kilogram of body weight.Helium: Helium. A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. (Dorland, 27th ed)Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques: Timing the acquisition of imaging data to specific points in the breathing cycle to minimize image blurring and other motion artifacts. The images are used diagnostically and also interventionally to coordinate radiation treatment beam on/off cycles to protect healthy tissues when they move into the beam field during different times in the breathing cycle.Laryngeal Masks: A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.Bronchoconstrictor Agents: Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.Interactive Ventilatory Support: Mechanical ventilation delivered to match the patient's efforts in breathing as detected by the interactive ventilation device.Analog-Digital Conversion: The process of converting analog data such as continually measured voltage to discrete, digital form.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Resuscitation: The restoration to life or consciousness of one apparently dead. (Dorland, 27th ed)Bronchoconstriction: Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.Neonatology: A subspecialty of Pediatrics concerned with the newborn infant.Respiratory Paralysis: Complete or severe weakness of the muscles of respiration. This condition may be associated with MOTOR NEURON DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; injury to the PHRENIC NERVE; and other disorders.Forced Expiratory Flow Rates: The rate of airflow measured during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination.Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation: Application of positive pressure to the inspiratory phase when the patient has an artificial airway in place and is connected to a ventilator.Models, Anatomic: Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Prone Position: The posture of an individual lying face down.Pulmonary Atelectasis: Absence of air in the entire or part of a lung, such as an incompletely inflated neonate lung or a collapsed adult lung. Pulmonary atelectasis can be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression, fibrotic contraction, or other factors.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Imaging, Three-Dimensional: The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.Abdomen: That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Vagus Nerve: The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Airway Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.Organ Size: The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.Tracheotomy: Surgical incision of the trachea.Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing: Application of positive pressure to the inspiratory phase of spontaneous respiration.Abdominal Muscles: Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)Liquid Ventilation: Artificial respiration (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) using an oxygenated fluid.Positive-Pressure Respiration, Intrinsic: Non-therapeutic positive end-expiratory pressure occurring frequently in patients with severe airway obstruction. It can appear with or without the administration of external positive end-expiratory pressure (POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION). It presents an important load on the inspiratory muscles which are operating at a mechanical disadvantage due to hyperinflation. Auto-PEEP may cause profound hypotension that should be treated by intravascular volume expansion, increasing the time for expiration, and/or changing from assist mode to intermittent mandatory ventilation mode. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1127)Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn: A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.Pulmonary Circulation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.Monitoring, Physiologic: The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Nebulizers and Vaporizers: Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing.Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio: The ratio of alveolar ventilation to simultaneous alveolar capillary blood flow in any part of the lung. (Stedman, 25th ed)Ventilators, Negative-Pressure: Body ventilators that assist ventilation by applying intermittent subatmospheric pressure around the thorax, abdomen, or airway and periodically expand the chest wall and inflate the lungs. They are relatively simple to operate and do not require tracheostomy. These devices include the tank ventilators ("iron lung"), Portalung, Pneumowrap, and chest cuirass ("tortoise shell").Physical Exertion: Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.Supine Position: The posture of an individual lying face up.Reflex: An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.Acidosis, Respiratory: Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.Administration, Inhalation: The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.Insufflation: The act of blowing a powder, vapor, or gas into any body cavity for experimental, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes.Carotid Body: A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries, senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control.Hyperoxia: An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.Respiratory Center: Part of the brain located in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA and PONS. It receives neural, chemical and hormonal signals, and controls the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the DIAPHRAGM and other respiratory muscles.Noninvasive Ventilation: Techniques for administering artificial respiration without the need for INTRATRACHEAL INTUBATION.Bronchodilator Agents: Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.High-Frequency Jet Ventilation: Respiratory support system used primarily with rates of about 100 to 200/min with volumes of from about one to three times predicted anatomic dead space. Used to treat respiratory failure and maintain ventilation under severe circumstances.Fluid Therapy: Therapy whose basic objective is to restore the volume and composition of the body fluids to normal with respect to WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. Fluids may be administered intravenously, orally, by intermittent gavage, or by HYPODERMOCLYSIS.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Humidity: A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.Respiration Disorders: Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.Intercostal Muscles: Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.Intensive Care: Advanced and highly specialized care provided to medical or surgical patients whose conditions are life-threatening and require comprehensive care and constant monitoring. It is usually administered in specially equipped units of a health care facility.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Hypoventilation: A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.Posture: The position or attitude of the body.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Cardiography, Impedance: A type of impedance plethysmography in which bioelectrical impedance is measured between electrodes positioned around the neck and around the lower thorax. It is used principally to calculate stroke volume and cardiac volume, but it is also related to myocardial contractility, thoracic fluid content, and circulation to the extremities.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Hypocapnia: Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.Respiratory System: The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Residual Volume: The volume of air remaining in the LUNGS at the end of a maximal expiration. Common abbreviation is RV.Statistics, Nonparametric: A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)Pneumonia: Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Artificial Organs: Devices intended to replace non-functioning organs. They may be temporary or permanent. Since they are intended always to function as the natural organs they are replacing, they should be differentiated from PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS and specific types of prostheses which, though also replacements for body parts, are frequently cosmetic (EYE, ARTIFICIAL) as well as functional (ARTIFICIAL LIMBS).Critical Care: Health care provided to a critically ill patient during a medical emergency or crisis.Air Filters: Barriers used to separate and remove PARTICULATE MATTER from air.Respiratory Therapy: Care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary system. It includes the therapeutic use of medical gases and their administrative apparatus, environmental control systems, humidification, aerosols, ventilatory support, bronchopulmonary drainage and exercise, respiratory rehabilitation, assistance with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and maintenance of natural, artificial, and mechanical airways.Tracheostomy: Surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, or the opening so created.Maximal Expiratory Flow Rate: The airflow rate measured during the first liter expired after the first 200 ml have been exhausted during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are MEFR, FEF 200-1200, and FEF 0.2-1.2.Sheep: Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.Electric Impedance: The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.


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Would be good to be able to edit or delete one's comments for up to 15 minutes after posting.
It would be good, except, you have the thought police policing this site. They want grade school conversations only on this site otherwise you are not allowed.
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Natural Law : HFY
So, if you need your floors to look shiny and as good as new, you need to invest considerable time and effort in cleaning them. If you want your tiles to look beautiful and last longer you must get in touch with professional grout cleaners. Our focus in this tough economy is providing first rate professional service to both home owners and property managers. For example, I don't see you getting 1 entree, 1 juice and 1 coffee only for breakfast at a SE Asian property but that's all that is prescribed in the TCs for Globalist breakfast. A floor plan in 3D is a horizontal projection of commercial or residential property through computer graphics and specialized software. Water damage property restoration. The mold will continue to grow (as long as it has water), eventually damage the building and increase the chances that you will be exposed. Roofers repair the hole in your roof, but not the stains, and water damage to your ceiling inside of your house. And more importantly you can release a lot of mold from inside a wall cavity if you don't do the work properly.
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Our site was set up to put the facts you need about black mold removal right at your fingertips. Again, you need to fix the underlying moisture problem. There is no point trying to remove the mold if you do not also correct the moisture problem that led to the mold. If there is only a small amount of mold, such as in a bathroom or kitchen, scrub the moldy area with soapy water, rinse thoroughly and allow to dry. 1) remove the drywall entirely – this is most commonly done when the water classification is black water, there are multiple levels of drywall, or it has sat wet for awhile (more than 48-72 hours). Unfortunately, since there are no real good grout sealant products out there that won't leave a waxy yellowish film on top of your floor, you're going to have to clean your grout every now and then. Although the active ingredient in bleach, sodium hypochlorite, is the main ingredient in many mold removal products, there are many reasons to use alternatives to chlorine bleach when killing mold. If you have mold growing under a window that leaked or somewhere else that probably is due to a leak, you should have someone with experience dealing with mold in buildings evaluate the building.
We are Contractors severing residential and commercial properties with over 25 years experience in this profession we've completed Numerous commercial build outs, tenant improvement projects. Over the years we have supported many of the largest construction companies in the world. Run the trowel on a bias when going over tile corners. High wall and ceiling repairs scaffolding to reach over 30 feet drywall hole repair & paint. BGS Environmental Services Inc has the technology and resources to completely remove mold from your drywall — and any other surface for that matter! It is critical that all visible mold growth and soiling are cleaned off using a soap or detergent solution before applying a disinfectant. If you have addressed the moisture problem and the mould was only on the surface (can be cleaned up with soap and water) then just paint it. Cleaning tile and grout can be time-consuming, to say the least.
Ceiling tile and suspended grid repair. Because of this if you are just finding out how to tile a floor I would recommend that you just do not use quick drying adhesive. Once you have made a list of which companies/cleaners you are interested in hiring, you can further refine your search by asking them if they will give you an estimate on how much it will cost to clean your tiles and grouts. The mold has to get from the wall cavity into the air in the house before you can be exposed to it. Breathing mold can cause allergic and respiratory symptoms. For some, the hollow sound when you bump it can be unnerving, while others dislike the lack of shape or texture. If they've been adversely affected by mold, consider disposing them of as cleaning can be a little more difficult. Therefore you can end up in a cycle of continually trying to bleach mold, only to have it constantly return.


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- S. Gornell
President's look back at a great 2017 and a look ahead to an even better 2018
Happy New Year my fellow Members!
As I pass the role of president along to Bob Kutzler and I am taking the opportunity to say something about 2017, and looking forward to another exciting year but with more flying. Especially for me.
2017 was just a great experience. You all made it an absolute pleasure. It was very fulfilling to see our hard work unfolding and returning to a 5 plane club and watching membership grow and member retention improve.
No matter the circumstances or "no agreement" OUR CLUB WAS UNSTOPPABLE! The cooperation and fellowship was contagious. It was so uplifting to see new members at every meeting. Their enthusiasm for flying was a real injection of energy to the club. I am still amazed that we have our fleet back to the wide variety we enjoyed before 2001. We are now re-aligned with our mission, and we ALL collectively made that happen!
It felt great to see our financials get stronger every month. I love the refresh done on our club website. FaceBook is alive as well and I am just loving our new email scheduling system.
We secured our hangar lease for another 5 years, and we have made the request to LNAA to install a permanent bathroom at our hangar. You know we are going to make sure it is heated too.
I have no doubt our community recognizes The Lehigh Valley Flying Club as a solid, well run club that will always be there for the general aviation community. We ARE known for being that organization for people to pursue their dream of flight.
Now here are some acknowledgements. So make sure you read this part! I got to tell you this part would be much longer, but I know I need to keep it short so you all can go about your flying stuff. So please forgive me if I did not acknowledge everybody.
First, I acknowledge YOU! Yes YOU our members for your participation and keeping the flight hours up, and your contribution to our wonderful gatherings, and all the little things that you do to keep this club going. Taking the time to recruit other members, to wiping every bug off the plane, to providing support to another member that just makes that difference in their flying that you just don't get when you fly on your own all the time. For stopping at that other airport for cheaper fuel, and spending a few extra minutes cleaning up the club house. It is all the little things along with your presence at our meetings that make this a rich experience. THANK YOU
Our maintenance team, Joe Buffy, Steve Marshallek, Dan Loikits, Pete Ayers and Chris Sosa THANK YOU for your amazing commitment to maintain our fleet and keep those planes in good working order with minimal downtime. I still am amazed by how you get it all done.
Dan Mortensen for making our finances the best they have been in years. The amount of time you spend to make sure we know where we stand is an absolute gift to the club.
Megan Everett, Dan Mortensen, Fernando Pacheco, Bob Kutzler and Frank Lane. THANK YOU for your work on Facebook and bringing in a new website and schedule system. You all really made a huge difference in keeping us up to date and love how you made a smooth transition for our reservation system.
Bob Kutzler for ushering owners willing to lease back their planes to our club. This really expanded our fleet into complex and low cost trainers without having to use our own capital. For our membership to expand we had to expand and the "build it and they will come" strategy worked.
I acknowledge our instructors: Steve Marshallek, Bob Sacco, Bob Kutzler, Tom Fox, Rob Christian and Daren Vuono for being there for our members on a moment's notice, and your commitment to keep us safe. Encouraging us to shake the rust off our wings and get in the plane really helped our active member retention. Your unrelenting promise to pull and push members to obtain their certification and ratings, even when we sometimes think we can't do it, or even we scare living daylights out of you with those sideways crosswind landings. You all just keep us going.
To the Board of Directors, I acknowledge you all for being really considerate, present and spending your flying time at our board meetings, committee meetings and conference calls. Your ideas were really thoughtful and lifted my spirit when I did not have a solution. Even when the motions and discussions would get heavy, you all were great at keeping it light and fun.
The food!!! Dan Mortensen and Kevin. What a menu! You all really made our meetings a real treat. I remember Bob was inspired to have steak for one meetings. So darn good. Thank you very much.
So where do we go from here? Well maybe that is not the right question? I think the question is where do you want our club to go? I always go with what is exciting and affordable and can reach as much members as possible. Perhaps we add another small fun flyer, like a tail dragger to the fleet? That would be an interesting change? Rest assured we know how to run a club. There are just no two ways about it. We are the experts. So let's create the future of our design live into that future.
I look forward to seeing you in the hangar, or hearing you over the radio, sharing some flights… and of course scoring your landings on 24 and hope you only see my best landings!


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Gone Girl Movie Posters
Time to Analyse These Suspicious New Gone Girl Posters
Gone Girl is set to open in cinemas Oct. 2, but we just got an early present. A few posters have been unveiled for David Fincher's upcoming adaptation, and they're all kinds of suspicious. Each poster contains "evidence" related to the film's big mystery: the disappearance of Amy (Rosamund Pike). The chief suspect is her husband (Ben Affleck), but gather what you will from these hints. The most exciting news here is that a new trailer will debut tomorrow, July 8. Stay tuned!


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Mrs. Raff taught middle school mathematics for 13 years prior to becoming a teacher leader, followed by associate director with the UCLA California Mathematics Project in the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies. During that time, she was charged with the implementation of the LUCIMATH project, training nearly 10,000 teachers from 2001-2005, scheduling and facilitating professional development throughout Los Angeles County, and coordinating Young Mathematicians Institutes. From 2005-2010, Cynthia moved to the Mathematics Department where she oversaw professional development with the UCLA Math Content Programs for Teachers.
Cynthia is a contributing author of Introduction to Algebra. She currently focuses energy on oversight of all marketing, contracts, sales and professional development of Introduction to Algebra and MathLinks programs.
Cynthia received her BS from the University of California, Irvine and her Multiple Subject Credential and Mathematics Supplemental Authorization from California State University, Los Angeles.
Email: email@example.com


text: We arrived at Heathrow just after 10 o'clock. Finding the Tube closed we chose to take a taxi, as we travelled into London it became apparent that all was far from well in the nation's capital. News is filtering through slowly, but almost everything is closed today, so now we're at the hotel we won't be going anywhere today and it remains to be seen how possible it will be to travel up to Wirral tomorrow, I guess we'll just have to wait and see. I'm just so glad that we are all safe, it felt strange to find ourselves right in the middle of a terrorist crisis but at least everyone we know seems to be okay, the only person I haven't been able to contact is Mum who was due to travel home from Richmond today, so I hope she is okay.


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ESAT News
October 10, 2014
Although the Ethiopian Defense struggled to quell the conflict between the Mezhenger communities and the commonly known "highlanders" that has killed so many people in Southern Ethiopia last month, the conflict has now spread to the Gurafarda Woreda area where at least 20 people have so far been killed and many have fled the area.
Sources have said to ESAT that women and children have fled the region and a contingent of the Defense Force has started moving to the conflict region due to the escalation of the conflict in the past three days alone.
Residents fear the conflict may spread to other towns. Although some of the internally displaced people had been returning to the area since the conflict started early September 2014, they say they still fear for their safety.
ESAT has received graphic photo and video evidences that show savagely killed children, mothers and elders in the region. ESAT has decided not to broadcast them due to its editorial policy.
Although the government's ethnic centred policy is the main cause of the conflict, sources that follow the issue closely say the land grab in the region has triggered the conflict.
ESAT has just learnt a little after entering studio that the conflict has "terrifyingly intensified."
Source: ESAT
[jwplayer mediaid="2394″]


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Each can be used on your third eye for opening, strengthening and deepening.
Each can be painted onto your face, neck or a sacred spiritual tool.
Sacred Ancestor Plant Root
Yellowish Powdered Orris Root
Take a little out and add a drop of water and place the paste onto your third eye and feel an amazing connection.
You can chose to clear your head before opening up with your prayers... sniff a little up your nose. It will awaken your senses.
To relax and nurture your system - drink a little as a warm tea. ———0———Sacred Fire Ash from the Nana Mound
Take a little out and rub it onto your third eye... feeling the ancient wisdom of the Mothers enter into your consciousness. Feel the nurturing support.
Feel free to use it on your spiritual tools and on your Ancestor altar as well.
Sacred Camwood Dust
Used for eliminating past perception.
Take a little out and place it on your third eye. Feel the connection to the plant intelligence world.
Feel your inner power and how you are unbreakable.
You can even mix it with any liquid and oil and paint symbols with it...or brush it onto your spiritual tools.


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What Went Wrong with Money Laundering Law?
- 46,99 €
- 46,99 €
Descripción de la editorial
This book surveys the development of laws surrounding the crime of money laundering and the associated changes in the anti-money laundering (AML) industry. The policy of attempting to deal with crime by attacking its financial products started in the arena of drugs, but quickly moved to organised crime, terrorism, corruption and tax. Now the focus has shifted once again to organised crime and to immigration. In the wake of the failure of the 'war on drugs' a huge amount of money is now being spent on a global surveillance and reporting system, and we do not know whether the system works or not.
What Went Wrong With Money Laundering Law? documents the events which, taken independently, could each be seen as rational responses to specific problems and as incremental adjustments to the focus of the law. Taken together, however, it is demonstrated that they have led to significant changes in the law and to the current situation. Underlying the entire AML industry is the crime of money laundering, which, having been devised more to provide a trigger for the reporting machinery than to describe and condemn a particular category of harmful behaviour, is now being used in a far wider range of cases than is appropriate. This book will be of great interest to scholars and practitioners of criminal and financial law, socio-legal studies and criminology.


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or Jed McKenna sidling up?
Go ahead. It is on Amazon. It is not Jed's. But wait… only 2 stars?? Is that because the Jed crowd has finally wised up to various scams in his name that seem to appear biannually now?
Well, this time the scam (or as some prefer to see it – Jed's playful dance with Maya) is of Jed's own making. Just remember.. every time Jed dances – you pay.
Modern Thoreau hey?……. Let's see….
Henry David Thoreau's cabin at Walden Pond, Massachusetts:
Jerry Stocking's 'cabin' at Clarkseville, Georgia:
Henry David Thoreau's cabin inside:
Jerry Stocking's 'cabin' inside:
An existential lakeside bubble.
Granted, no yacht or a private jet.
Is this why Jerry needs 'Master Jed',
while Jed wants a body double?
There is a boat, OK. Small. I could not resist. And who can resist "a modern day Thoreau" Jerry and his smitten flirtatious encroachments into the Jed psychedelics territory which Jed himself is unwilling to cover in depth? The question of psyching up has been touched upon, but not really developed in our guru's books. He is not much into drugs, and besides, psychedelics is a political question, and Jed is not a political fella. Well, a little bit. In real life. Not in books. Above all, he is careful not to delve too deep into antiestablishmentarianism.
So other, braver souls are given the torch and the springboard in the form of Jed's Amazon account in order to sell you the idea of psychedelics as a revolutionary technique for breaking into Truth. True? Together with the email address of Jerry, should you wish to travel in that direction. He will deal you.
I wonder how they will split the profits.
Nah. Jerry has so many enlightened thoughts that he needs to peel the eyeballs inside out occasionally, as a release mechanism. It is a choice pastime for some people who just can't stay away from own minds. And why not? I mean.. some pass their time popping pills or… a bubble wrap? Popping bubble wrap makes for such a satisfying experience, don't you think? the plop and pop sound! the cushiony feel under one's fingers! an orgasmic sense of meaningless but safe destruction!!
Only Kärcher steam machinery comes anywhere close.
Not Jed. Repeat this mantra every time an urge to spend some cash on a stupification guide arises in you: "Jerry Stocking is not Jed". But in all that commotion people fail to notice the fact that Jed has played them once again.
"Sugarman, you're the answer
that makes my questions disappear.
Sugarman, cos I'm weary
of those double games I hear".


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Loraine MacKenzie Shepherd (Rev. Dr.)
May 21, 2017
John 14:15-21; Acts 17:22-31
May the words of my mouth and the meditations of our hearts be acceptable to you, our God.
You might call this my gardening sermon. This is planting weekend when we say enough already to the cold and plant our fragile little flowers almost in defiance. We are determined to move into the tender season of greening, when the speared shoots push through the duff, break open the buds and slowly unfurl into their spring-green splendour.
Hildegard of Bingen, a Christian mystic from the 12th century, wrote about the Greening Power of God. By "greening", she did not mean for us to be more environmentally aware, even though she was also a botanist. Rather, she was comparing the miracle of spring with the miracle of Spirit. Just as the earth greens with the warming of the sun and the moistening of the soil, so our spirits are greened by the nurturing of the Holy Spirit, that we may blossom into our fullest potential and bear its fruit.
But all is not happiness and sunshine. Weeds also thrive in ideal conditions. I spent countless hours this spring weeding our grass—or rather weeding our shadowed mud patch—before I spread yet more grass seed and lawn soil. I know that weeding is a therapy for some, but I get grumpy.
Weeding the soul takes just as much grunt work. Sometimes it seems that the more you weed, the more prolific the weeds become. You can try to tame that edge of frustration, that burst of self-importance, that denial of your own needs, that defensiveness, that selfishness, that unfaithfulness, but those weeds just keep popping up again and again. The gift of weeding is humility, for it teaches us that we are no better than our neighbour—we all have a task of continuous soul-weeding.
I've come to realize that the goal is not a weedless-soul, for perfection is impossible, even for the saints. Rather, the goal is to keep that weeding up, to keep apologizing and then to get right back to weeding. Someone once said to her partner that what gave her hope wasn't that her partner's character flaws were gone. Rather, it was that her partner never gave up the weeding. The very act of weeding the soul is what brings us closer to one another and closer to God.
Another challenge for the greening of the soul are the demanding times that are out of our control—when the rain just doesn't come and we dry up. Hildegard contrasts viriditas, God's greening power, with ariditas—dryness, barrenness, shrivelling up. She would ask us to identify what nourishes us, what helps us flourish. Do we fill our life with these things? And then, she would ask us to identify what depletes our spirits. Are we able to say no to these things? Of course, our life is filled with that which is pleasant and that which is tough slogging, and we need to accept both. However, sometimes we fill our life with "comforts" that actually numb us to distraction and, in the end, contribute to depletion, rather than nourishment.
In contrast to these little comforts that end up depleting us, God sends us the Holy Spirit, whom Jesus calls the Comforter. The Greek word used here is "Paracletos", which can be translated in a variety of ways: comforter, advocate, intercessor, counsellor, protector or supporter. The etymology of the word comfort is "with strength—com-fort", meaning to bring strength.
When we're going through dry times or when we're being tempted to feed the weeds of our soul, we can call on the Comforter, who brings us wisdom, strength to follow the wisdom, guidance and the willpower to follow the guidance. The Comforter also gives us support when we're in distress and peace when our anxiety starts to rise.
I was talking to a friend about this and it reminded her of an experience she had. She and her family were overseas personnel with the United Church in Fiji in the 90s for 6 years. When they came back, they had to catch up with the technological changes that had happened during those 6 years—and there were many. One of the new technologies was the debit card. She remembers standing in line at Shoppers trying to figure out how to use her new debit card. The line behind her started growing and she became increasingly stressed about holding others up—which only contributed to anxiety's wonderful gift of brain paralysis. The cashier could see the anxiety rising and said quietly to her, "Breathe." My friend took a slow, deep breath and was aware of the Spirit calming her soul. That's all it took—and she was then able to make the card work.
The Hebrew word for Spirit is Ruach, which also means breath. The breath of God is as essential to our health as air is to plants. When we learn how to take those moments throughout each day to breathe in the breath of God, we will find our brains and our hearts will work much better. I'm trying to identify the seeds of anxiety before they begin to sprout and weed them out with the breath of God. There are people who can do this—I'm far from it, but I will keep on trying, weeding out the seedlings that I have missed.
What are the weeds that choke your soul? What depletes your spirit? What nourishes you? This weekend, as many are greening their yard, may you allow the Spirit to help you green your soul.


text:
Private Equity — India
Amit Jain is a Senior Managing Director in the Private Equity Group and is based in Mumbai. Before joining Blackstone in 2010, Mr. Jain worked at McKinsey & Company focusing on infrastructure and financial projects in India. Prior to that, Mr. Jain worked at Hindustan Unilever limited ("HUL") where he worked primarily in the manufacturing and supply chain area, setting up and operating manufacturing plants in HUL. Mr. Jain received a B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Kharagpur where he received the "Institute Silver Medal" and a P.G.P. (equivalent to an M.B.A.) from the Indian School of Business ("ISB"), Hyderabad where he was awarded the "ISB Scholar of Excellence."


text:
Problems with multiple projects open in the same window Follow
1. Naming: "multiple projects open in the window" is too long. How about multi-project or attached projects?
2. Can't remove attached projects.
3. Can't use terminal with a specific project (which has a different virtualenv)
4. This isn't really a ready feature, is it?... How about moving the "attach project" option in the open project to beta until the feature is complete?
Sorry about the rant.
If someone has a solution for any of the question, I would appreciate. Thanks
You can remove attach project by right clicking it and choosing Remove from Project View
>Can't use terminal with a specific project (which has a different virtualenv)
That's true. Please feel free to submit a feature request about it to our issue tracker using the link https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issues/PY
Thanks @Sergey Karpov!
And can I attach a project to another? I find this in the documentation "The Attach Project option appears in the menu."
(https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/opening-multiple-projects.html). However I can't find it. I'm using Pycham Community Edition 2019.1.
Sure. Once you choose File | Open and open needed project PyCharm will show you several options, like so:
Don't you really have it?
Note: Currently, there is a known bug with attaching a newly created project https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/PY-34206
Oh! Yes I see it, thanks!
Was looking on the "File" menu.
Please sign in to leave a comment.


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The Most Common Mistake Made by Most Translation Teams
2017-02-10 00:00
What is transcreation? Most simply put, it is the process of taking a current brand or message and a.) assessing its meaning and significance in its home market, b.) analyzing the target market with an eye towards discovering if that meaning resonates and is culturally significant there, and c.) developing a lexicon, set of guidelines, and body of concepts that will govern how that brand is used in the target market.
At worst, you risk losing millions (or more) in cost and potential revenue with a botched and memorably bad product launch in a new market. You only have one chance to make a first impression and if that is done badly, no amount of brand clout in your home market can save you.


text:
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text:
The popularity of yoga is increasing daily in the USA. Yoga is a replacement for the gym and there are different yoga styles for different ages. Society has told us that we need to beat out bodies up with weights and crazy boot camp. Forget that, Try yoga out, you will not be disappointed.
Yoga can be cardiovascular, strengthening, toning, and stress relieving depending on what style you choose. Unlike the gym it is not taxing on the body and you will actually look forward to class! Ready to start?
There are many places on the internet you can find a yoga studio. If you google or search on Yelp "find a yoga studio" in my area, many will come up. You can also check out www.TheYogaPass.com and become a member and try out many different studios. Don't give up on finding a yoga studio for you!


text:
Stand Up Floor Lamp by Ingo Maurer
The Stand Up for Your Light torchiere features a beautiful base in glass and reflector ring in colorless plastic. The high voltage halogen lamp (included) features a four-step sensor switch.
Material(s): Stainless Steel, Aluminium, Plastic, Glass
Dimensions: 10.6"W X 74.8"H
Lamp Type: HALOGEN
Bulbs: 1 x 250W E27 halogen bulb (included)


text:
I didn't realise Coopers did tyres with the requisite speed rating
Have you spoken to the guys at https://www.northhantstyres.com
I am looking for a bit of advice with regards to tyres / measurements for my old srv8.
The tyres that I am currently using are 235/60r15 w Pirellies 600's at rear and a couple
of 215/60r15's Nankangs on the front, they used to be Pirellie 600's.
I used Nankangs due to the very limited availability of tyres at the time.
Anyway the advice that I'm looking for is that from others that have had to change to
different manufacturers and sizes.
What I am looking at is either Coopers all around, 245/60 r15 rears and 215/65 r15 at the front
(no 60 profile available on Coopers).Both of these tyres are obviously slightly taller.
The other tyres are the Galaxies which do have a good write up and are available in the 60 profile .
The whole thing about tyres is a mine field as to what is going to look right and perform correctly.
As I mentioned earlier the Sr used to have Pirellies all round which I would replace like for like
but they do not have a particularly good write up and they are a bit overpriced in my opinion,
Any feed back on this subject would be welcome, then I can get on, stop dithering and order some new tyres!
Thanks in advance,
I didn't realise Coopers did tyres with the requisite speed rating
Have you spoken to the guys at https://www.northhantstyres.com
Last edited by dgosumo; 28-09-20 at 02:17 PM.
The Pirellies were W rated and had a much higher speed rating @ 168 mph !
I will take your advice and have a chat with the above, I hope they will deliver to a tyre place of my choice ?
Thanks for your reply,
I went with 235/60 15 Galaxies rear and 215/60 15 front. I could of fitted 245/60 as the side walls are more vertical.
Had them on now 2 years and great tyres. Sticky and great on bends. Like day and night over my old BF Goodrich tyres which they replaced.
Got them shipped from North Hants and got a local independent fitter to balance all weights on inner rim.
Dax 351 Cleveland T5 2.88 PL
+1 for Galaxys - good price, great V-rated tyre.
I have 235/60 front and 255/60 rear on the Crendon.
have a chat with Northhants tyres- great people.
I would say 215 upfront is a bit skinny, and you can probably go to 225.
Crendon Chassis No.49
Huddart FE428 + toploader
Not listed in the Shelby Register.
I was toying with your suggestion with 225's up front,
just need to locate a pair and was also thinking of Jons suggestion for 245's for the rear .
This should fill the arches a bit better and should be fine for speedo readings as of present
with the old Pirellie 235's it reads slightly higher than the actual speed.
Im thinking 255 60 15 for the back of my SRV8 as the current 235's look a bit skinny on the rim and 225 on the front. I have seen people with 275's in the past but I believe they can tend to rub. Certainly going Galaxys.
SRV8 - 429 Ford Big Block, 4 speed toploader
The exact dimensions are on the NorthHants site.
Crendon Chassis No.49
Huddart FE428 + toploader
Not listed in the Shelby Register.
It is surprising how much difference there is between the width rating and the "actual width"
Looks like I will go with the Galaxies vitour gt's 245/60 r15 rears and 215/60 r15 .
Would have preferred 225's for front but the 215's show actual width at 221mm .
Thanks again for you input,
ah, you may be right. I went with 235 as I wanted the fattest possible tyre I could get away with when I presented my car on XJ wheels for IVA as I hadn't sorted the knock-ons then.
I then sold 2 of them, and thn swapped the front over onto the Trigoes when i put the 255s on the rear.
Last edited by KevinW; 29-09-20 at 07:07 PM.
Crendon Chassis No.49
Huddart FE428 + toploader
Not listed in the Shelby Register.


text:
Archive for March 2016
Philippine Government and FAO take to the sky with drones in disaster risk reduction efforts for the agriculture sector
In an effort to stay ahead of the negative impacts of climate change, floods and typhoons on its food security, the Philippine Department of Agriculture and the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have launched drones to more accurately predict where agricultural damage will be worst and quickly assess damages […] Source: FAO.orgRead More
SEAFOOD, SUN AND SAND! CRFM seeks to strengthen the linkages between Fisheries and Tourism
A delightful supper of freshly caught, grilled fish or lobster often adds a special touch to the Caribbean experience of tourists who come to the region not just for "sea, sun and sand"—but also for its superb seafood! Through tourism, which brings almost 30 million visitors to our shores each year and which contributes nearly…Read More
Combating illegal fishing and strengthening seafood traceability
Seafood products are among the most widely traded food commodities in the world, with estimates for 2015 placing the value of international fish trade at US$ 130 billion, but illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU) – estimated at some US$ 10 – 23 billion annually – is undermining the industry, […] Source: FAO.orgRead More
Alimentaria Showcases the Connection Between Food and Gastronomy for the World
Alimentaria 2016 will be more gourmet- and experience-driven than ever to highlight and promote the quality, variety and wealth of Spanish food and drink products. The event organised by Fira de Barcelona and Alimentaria Exhibitions-which takes place on 25-28 April-will show how to take advantage of the bond between the food industry, gastronomy and tourism to carve…Read More
On International Day of Forests, students in Asia debate the important link between the region's forests and its fresh water supply
With ongoing drought and farmers facing some of their most serious access to water issues for many years, students from a number of international and local high schools and universities in Bangkok have held a lively debate on the future of the region's forests and their link to our critical […] Source: FAO.orgRead More
Nepal pledges to end hunger by 2025
The Government of Nepal, in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), has today launched a National Action Plan to eradicate hunger from the country by 2025. The National Action Plan on the Zero Hunger Initiative in Nepal (2016 – 2025) was launched jointly by Nepalese […] Source: FAO.orgRead More
FAO conference for Asia-Pacific closes with emphasis on supporting SDGs, improving nutrition and countering threats to agriculture from climate change
Forty-four countries in the Asia-Pacific region have called on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to move forward with regional efforts to eradicate hunger, malnutrition and counter threats to agriculture from climate change by 2030. <p […] Source: FAO.orgRead More
Grace Kennedy signs MOU to develop new products from Jamaican produce
The Scientific Research Council (SRC) is partnering with food manufacturing giant, Grace Kennedy on the development of new food items from local agricultural produce. Under a three-year Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed this week, the entities will collaborate to improve the quantity and quality of food products on the market through the application of science…Read More


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The Neosys mission statement
We are a skilled team of experts from the environment, engineering, safety, risk management, social responsibility and management systems sectors. Our concern is for the sustainable success of our clients, and we achieve this by combining technical expertise with a sound understanding of management.
Working for companies, authorities and organisations in Switzerland and worldwide, we analyse, advise, plan, calculate, measure and draft surveys and reports.
We are characterised by our specialist expertise and our independence. Independent of any manufacturer and in full compliance with the law, our work is bound by professional and ethical standards and by loyalty to our clients.
We continually develop our services, thereby ensuring that we are always improving. An important aspect of this is the exchange of information and experience between our various specialists.
We also improve our own environmental impact on an ongoing basis.
Our corporate culture is characterised by acceptance, esteem and trust, and by a shared will to succeed, which unites our employees, projects and stakeholders at all levels. Our employees work with a high level of responsibility for their own actions.


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If you have a four wheeler, or an ATV, that you are ready to sell, you will need to make up a bill of sale for that ATV sale. Anyone can make a bill of sale for an ATV, so there is no need to pay someone else to make the bill of sale for you. In fact, making a bill of sale for an ATV is a very simple process. And the bill of sale will be a valid legal contract between the seller and the buyer of the ATV.
What's the Document For?
You can make a bill of sale for an ATV on a computer using a program like MS Word or Notepad, or you can write out the bill of sale for the ATV by hand. It will be a legally binding contract either way. Label your document. At the top of your paper, you will need to write "Bill of Sale for ATV" to label the document. This will ensure that there is no confusion as to what the document is for.
Who is Selling and Who is Buying?
The first section of your bill of sale for an ATV will detail the amount of the sale, the name and address of the seller, and the name and address of the buyer. It can be simply worded as "For a sale in the amount of AMOUNT for an ATV sold by SELLER of ADDRESS to BUYER of ADDRESS." You will need to input the appropriate information for AMOUNT, SELLER, BUYER and the two listings of ADDRESS.
What is Being Sold?
The midsection of the bill of sale for the ATV will give the details of the ATV that is being sold. You will need to list the manufacturer, the model and the serial number of the ATV that is being sold. Make no promises of a warranty. Underneath the ATV details you will want to put on the bill of sale "The seller states that the ATV is being sold as-is with no implied warranty."
Making It Legal
At the bottom of the bill of sale for the ATV you will need to have a place for date and signatures of the seller and buyer. For the date, you will put on the document "Executed on DATE" and put the proper date of sale. Then have a line for the seller to sign and a line for the buyer to sign. Some states require a notary to be present when the bill of sale is signed. Check with your local courthouse for its policy.
Making a bill of sale is as simple as writing a few key pieces of information in a Word document. As long as you include the names of the buyer and seller, a description of the ATV and the price, then the bill of sale will be a legal contract between the buyer and seller, as long as it's signed by the parties.
- Some states require a notary to be present when the bill of sale is signed. Check with your local courthouse for its policy.
Writer Bio
Jamie Lisse has been writing professionally since 1997. She has published works with a number of online and print publishers. Her areas of expertise include finance and accounting, travel, entertainment, digital media and technology. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in English.


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New product
Soy isoflavones relieve menopausal symptoms, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, helps prevent osteoporosis and helps prevent cancer.
Warning: Last items in stock!
Availability date:
Ingredients: Soy e.s. (Glycine max L.) (isoflavones 20%) (200 mg.) (55% Genistein / genistin) (39% Daidzein / daidzin), Bioflavonoids is (Citrus Bioflavonoids) (44% flavanones) (100 mg.), Brown rice hydrolyzate (91 mg.) And Magnesium Stearate (caking) (8 mg.). Vegetable gelatin (envelope) (96 mg.).
Nutritional analysis per 2 capsules: 387.09 mg protein., - 275.22 mg Carbohydrates., - Fat 187.11 mg. - Energy value (kcal / Kj): 4.14 / 17.33.
Soy is the species Glycine max (L.) is a legume family Fabaceae, originated in Southeast Asia. In 1923, Allen discovers Doisey plant products with estrogenic activity, among which are the soy isoflavones. The most important are genistein and daidzein, which exert their actions through different mechanisms, including interaction with estrogen receptors, protein binding, enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity etc ... The affinity of isoflavones is appreciable in the case of Beta receptors (located in the central nervous system, bone, vascular wall, urogenital tract) and very low to the alpha (located in love, endometrium, liver and nervous system). Being a natural product is more difficult to achieve the desired effect as quickly as synthetic estrogens but their use has many advantages, having no side effects. The soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein, have antioxidant properties and ability to bind with estrogen receptors. Soy isoflavones relieve menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, fatigue, night sweats, changes in mood, ..), reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, helps prevent osteoporosis and helps prevent cancer.
Recommended dosage: 1 capsule per day. Employment: Take 1 capsule with a glass of water having lunch.
Caution: Not recommended for people allergic to soy, citrus products. Food supplements should not be used as a substitute for a balanced diet, variety and a healthy lifestyle. Do not exceed recommended daily dose. Keep out of reach of children.


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Number of Americans suffering with Alzheimer's disease today: Approximately 5 million.
Expected number of Americans suffering with Alzheimer's disease in just 4 years: 15 million, that's 3 times as many.
Percentage of people over 85 with the disease: Nearly half.
Percentage of people under 65 with the disease: 5.
At just 59, famed Tennessee basketball coach Pat Summitt announced this week that she has early onset dementia – the kind that leads to Alzheimer's disease. Well known for having the most wins in college basketball history, Coach Summitt is determined to keep working as long as she can – a strategy doctors encourage.
So, here is the big question: are there things each of us can do that might decrease our risk of developing Alzheimer's? According to Dr. Robert Gilbert, a neurologist at Piedmont Hospital, Alzheimer's is an increasingly recognized disease because of the aging population; therefore we'll see more and more cases. Currently there isn't a set diagnostic test to determine Alzheimer's, but most doctors use MRI testing to see if there are markers that indicate a possible diagnosis.
Dr. Gilbert states, "Unfortunately, by the time you see changes of atrophy in the temporal lobe (via MRI) the patient already has signs, so it's helpful to exclude other causes." If a patient has signs of memory loss, Dr. Gilbert says he usually sends them for further neurological testing to look at possible causes.
Dr. Gilbert says, "There are certain things one can do to reduce the risk of getting Alzheimer's, but we know there are genetic links - that's something we can test, to some degree, but it's not valid clinically yet."
Alluding to a study out recently, Dr. Gilbert explains seven things people can do in their everyday activities to significantly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The most important is increasing physical activity. The study also found depression, obesity and diabetes all increase the risk.
Keeping the mind active also lowers the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Dr. Gilbert says, "We've known for a long time that higher functioning, smarter patients - ones that have gone through higher levels of education or stayed mentally active - seem to not have as much presentation with Alzheimer's."
Dr. Gilbert says that data shows that patients can reduce or delay the onset of Alzheimer's by 10-20% with lifestyle changes. He says there is a link between lifestyle habits and the onset of Alzheimer's disease, but no one knows the true cause of the disease yet.
Dementia is a symptom, and AD is the cause of the symptom. Alzheimer's disease causes 50% to 60% of all dementias.
It gets more common with age. According to the Alzheimer's Association, 10% of all people over the age of 65 have Alzheimer's disease, and as many as 50% of people over 85 have it. The number of people with the disease doubles every 5 years beyond age 65. Some researchers suspect that as many as half of all people over 80 years old develop Alzheimer's disease.
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Please Fix These Errors
- Ask a question
Choosing a Financial Advisor can be a chore. There are many sound, qualified and hard working individuals out there and the choice alone is bewildering. At Regulated Advice, we've removed the stress of searching by creating a simple questionnaire. Our quick, tailored questions help us target your specific needs and from there we can help you home in on any advisors with the exact skills you need.
Every Financial Advisor listed has their personal profile. These profiles contain a picture and a handwritten interview to help you find out a little more about them and where they specialise. In addition, we provide a list of previous questions from clients they have answered and of course testimonials from real customers they've helped in the past.
To use the system follow these 3 simple steps.
Step 1: "Ask a Financial Advisor" your question.
Step 2: Choose your Financial Advisor from our list.
Step 3: Register your details. We'll only need the basics.
Once you have the perfect FA we can arrange a meeting or a call.
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Collection by Bobnkatuzi
Things That Inspire - All About Good Vibes
A collection of pretty imagery - Things that Inspire | AllAboutGoodVibes.com
Rucksack Magazine on Instagram: "We are delighted to say that we have finished working on our next issue, and if all goes to plan this should be released on the 1st April.…"
@rucksackmag posted on their Instagram profile: "We are delighted to say that we have finished working on our next issue, and if all goes to plan…"
Mussenden Temple
Its been ages since I'd been on Downhill beach - I had been there a number of times with my parents when I was younger. This is probably one of the most photographed areas in Northern Ireland. I thought I'd just add to the millions of photos taken from exactly the same spot :)
10 Day Ireland Itinerary: The Ultimate Irish Road Trip
10 Day Ireland Itinerary. Road trip through Ireland, visiting Dublin, Ring of Kerry, Cliffs of Moher, Dingle, Skellig Michael, Giant's Causeway.
Here you can see a cool infographic with the Gods of ancient Egypt. Source: MrPsMythopedia
To begin with possibility
Your ability to see beauty and possibility is proportionate to the level at which you embrace gratitude. We are at another moment of transition. As 2016 comes to a close we stand at the edge of a n…
Ireland's hidden gems – nominated by our Facebook friends - Ireland Calling
When people travel thousands of miles to Ireland it is natural to want to check out the big cities s
Ultimate Mythology of the Wold Dump#2
2161 votes and 151668 views on Imgur: The magic of the Internet
Oliver's Riads-Boutique Riad Dar Najat
"Friendly and higly recommendable place" This riad is a hidden jewel in a great city. Very friendly and helpful staff, great location, wonderful food. What more can you ask for?
dance it out.
roadtrip-to-nowhere: " So content "
The Daily Persian
Traditional Persian House Shiraz, Iran
The Propylaea of Xerxes - Perseopolis
The Golden Age Project provides an insight into human origins, archaeology, an Alternative Genesis and a survey of Atlantis.
DRESS LIKE AN EGYPTIAN — Thoughtful Misfit motherhood, style, living
Jewel tones, smokey eyes, and plenty of gold? I'm in.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon 041
About Us: fantasy-art.tel More at The Fantasy Art of Computer Games Follow The Fantasy Art Blog


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Last year on Cinco de Mayo, I weighed 182 pounds. I'd already lost 114 and was feeling more confidant than I'd felt in years. I even bought a sleeveless shirt and wore it to a Cinco de Mayo party. That, too, hadn't happened in years – both the party AND the sleeveless shirt.
I admit I was clueless about what Cinco de Mayo celebrated exactly. I knew it wasn't Mexican Independence Day, but I also knew it meant more than just an excuse to drink tequila. ("Jose Quervo, you are a friend of mine…" My personal anthem back in the day.)
I wanted to know more about this holiday, so I found this little synopsis on the Internet of the history of Cinco de Mayo (click here) and learned that it was the day back in 1862 when 4,000 Mexican soldiers defeated 8,000 French troops in Puebla, Mexico. How cool is that? Never underestimate the will of people invaded. (President Bush, are you reading this?)
Never underestimate the will of a former fat chick, either. This Cinco de Mayo, I weigh 135 pounds – 47 pounds less than last year and 161 pounds lighter overall. Like those 4,000 Mexican soldiers, the odds of me winning this battle of the bulge are not in my favor. Most people who lose weight gain it back. Fortunately for me, I'm stubborn. (I know, hard to believe.) This weight will stay off, and I'm declaring that on this Cinco de Mayo – this day of freedom and liberty – and all the Cinco de Mayos to come, the French will not advance. The fat will remain defeated.
Now to celebrate, can someone pass me the salt and lime? A cowboy, perhaps?


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Travel with purpose.
Explore with Confidence: COVID Response & Policies
Please take a minute to read over our updated COVID-19 policies and procedures.
Our Guests' & Guides' Health and Wellness is Our Top Priority
- Revised Flexible Cancelation Policy
- Updated Transportation Policies
- Sanitation Practices
- Guide & Guest Health Screening
Aialik Glacier & Wildlife Day Trip
An inspiring adventure through Kenai Fjords National Park. Explore the coastline, view wildlife, and sea kayak near Aialik Glacier. If you want a taste of the pristine Alaskan fjords, this is the perfect trip for you.
From $425
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A Passion for Adventure and Preservation
We are a small, locally owned shop that strives to inspire our guests to join us in reclaiming an active stewardship of our natural world through inspiring sea kayaking tours and Alaska glacier kayaking trips. You don't need any experience to join us, just an adventurous spirit and a desire to learn, explore and protect the great Alaskan wilderness.
Kayaking in Seward, Alaska, and the surrounding fjords offers the opportunity to disconnect from the daily grind and discover anew the natural world and all its wonders. The landscape here is teeming with abundant Alaskan wildlife and unique geographic features. Let our knowledgeable, friendly guides lead you through Resurrection Bay, or venture out to Aialik Bay for a Kenai Fjords kayaking trip.
Your Choice Matters
As a member of 1% For The Planet we commit at least 1% of our annual sales to nonprofit organizations working to address pressing environmental issues related to Alaska through our program: Kayak. Pick. Give.
In the past 5 years we have donated over $50,000!
Whale SENSE is a voluntary education, recognition & conservation program for whale watching companies concerned with responsible viewing practices, ocean stewardship, and education.


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The San Rafael Canal needs dredging — again.
That's no surprise. The waterway into Central San Rafael regularly becomes clogged with silt and has to be dredged to assure free-flowing boat traffic.
But it's also no surprise that maintenance dredging of the canal is going to require a mustering of political lobbying to get the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to include the job in its budget.
The last time the canal was dredged — partially — was in 2011. It's been 17 years since full-scale dredging has taken place.
The estimated price for a full-fledged cleaning is $12 million. Languishing as it has for so long on the Corps' "lower priority" list has likely increased the scope of the job and its cost.
Keeping the canal's depth and width navigable is essential to the local maritime commerce that relies on the waterway.
But it's not a top priority for the Corps, even though some 2,000 boats are moored along its reach and many local businesses rely on maritime commerce.
Regular dredging of the canal should be a top priority. It could be done at the same time as dredging the mouth of Corte Madera Creek and the length of the Petaluma River, as a possible way to save money.
The Corps has agreed to submit the city of San Rafael's request for funding in 2020. The politics of having Democratic Rep. Jared Huffman pushing for the request in a Democrat-controlled House of Representatives should help its chances. Huffman has to be on the front line of the political wrangling over making sure that routine dredging of smaller waterways, but ones important for public and commercial use, are not relegated to neglectful priorities of Washington, D.C.
Seventeen years without full-scale dredging, not to mention recent years of above-average rainfall — and runoff — have left the canal in dire straits. In some areas, the water depth is as low as 2 feet. During low tides, that channel can be difficult, if not impossible, to navigate.
That includes the city's police and fire boats that need to rush to marine emergencies.
Mayor Gary Phillips was right when he said, "it's frustrating that there is not a more categorical way to get in the queue for those dollars."
San Rafael has had to rally political forces before to get the canal dredged. The canal — and other small waterways on which local commerce relies — should be on a regular Corps schedule for routine dredging. That would reduce the long-term cost and the need for the political muster.


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Rising Israeli artist Tamar Harpaz uses both floors of the CCA to create her largest and most ambitious installation to date. Harpaz is best known for sculptures that use light, mirrors, and lenses to create uncanny optical illusions. Combined into meandering installations, they unfold into narratives that touch on the cinematic and spectacular, but lay bare the simple mechanisms of their creations.
At the CCA, Harpaz will both delight and challenge viewers by manipulating their sense of perception and scale with an installation mounted on the ground floor, but perceived differently from the balcony floor above. Various elements will be viewed through custom-designed optical mechanisms that combine to form images of an ordinary kitchen that has gone out of balance, speaking to the histories of feminism and domestic life and to experiences of conflict and war. In form, the work combines notions of the still and moving image – photography and cinema – with those of installation.


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Related contrasts (unaccompanied piano)
by André Oosterbaan (1980)
$30.68Add to cart
Related contrasts : for solo piano / Andre Oosterbaan.
Library shelf no. Q 786.2/OOS 1 [Available for loan]
Work Details
Year: 1980
Instrumentation: Piano.
Duration: 10 min.
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Butt crack may be the new cleavage but unkempt pubic hair is SO not the new long bangs.
Your "New Fragrance" is actually Duck Sauce, and WE ALL KNOW IT.
You're always bragging about the time you slept with the lead singer of Soft Cell. Newsflash, Tainted Love was over 20 years ago. You weren't even born yet. It's not cool, it's not sexy, it's sad.
See if you can solve this anagram: WIPE YOUR ASS!!
You want more money? You know what? Fuck the children. Fuck them in the ass.
Yes we're going to eat that. We were going to eat that yesterday we're going to eat that tomorrow. We're always going to eat that.
A butt slap is a compliment. Pressing charges? So not cool.
Spelchk is yur frend.
Chew, swallow, then talk. Is it that hard?