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Traveling throughout the state, "Remembering Our Fallen from California" is a photographic war tribute that honors California soldiers killed in the War on Terror, 9/11/2001 to present.
The exhibit is on display in the Antelope Valley Rural Museum at the Antelope Valley Fairgrounds through Oct. 29. The exhibit is sponsored by the Antelope Valley Blue Star Mothers and AV Vets 4 Veterans.
"Included in each name on this memorial is a story of love and loss, of joy and sadness of dreams unfulfilled and of lives ending far too soon," shared Dayle DeBry, AV Rural Museum director of military and aviation. "The names and photos are of our young men and women, family members and dear friends who are greatly mourned and deeply missed." The AV Rural Museum preserves many artifacts of historical significance to the Antelope Valley, including tributes to local heroes and the sacrifices they have made. "We are dedicated to tell the stories of those who have served and given their lives, and to those who continue to keep our valley and our country safe from harm." The showcase area at the front of the museum displays uniforms and personal effects belonging to local heroes, from the Civil War to present day.
Ron Zell, Air Force veteran, and California representative of the memorial, encouraged parents to bring their children. "The worst thing we can do is to forget those who have fallen." He traveled 400 miles to the Antelope Valley to set up the display.
"We all have someone who we are touched by, by an event such as this," said Army veteran Dennis Anderson, who emceed the opening ceremony on Oct. 22. He spoke of Capt. Victoria Pinckney-Castro who walked with Anderson's son on the first day of kindergarten. In 2003, they walked the Palmdale High School graduation line together. Pinckney-Castro was killed in the crash of a KC-135 near Chon-Aryk, Kyrgyzstan, when the KC-135 she was piloting crashed while supporting operations in Afghanistan. "Trauma and loss are the injuries that do not heal. You actually have to learn how to live with them, they do not go away," said Anderson. "You've got to live, that's how it is done."
Although it honors those killed, the memorial was created for the living — to help the families in their grief, while reminding the rest of the nation of the ultimate price paid for America's freedom. Sadly, more than750 soldiers' portraits are on display.
Guest speaker, Army veteran and Congressman Steve Knight, said it gave him goosebumps the first time he saw the memorial three years ago in Santa Clarita, where he walked through it with Gold Star father and close friend, Assemblyman Dante Acosta. "I'm not the kind of person that is good to walk with people going through difficult times." He didn't know what to do or say — he couldn't imagine what his friend or any Gold Star family has been through. "I will never forget that day." Knight also presented Sylvia Gaxiola of AV Blue Star Mothers with an award for her work with the organization.
The memorial was escorted to the museum by Patriot Guard Riders and the American Legion. Exhibit hours are 5-8 p.m., Monday-Friday, and 11 a.m.-5 p.m., Saturday and Sunday. Monday the 29th is reserved for school children.


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In his 23 November briefing to the Security Council, the Under-Secretary General for Humanitarian Affairs, Stephen O'Brien, warned of the increasing challenges facing the humanitarian community and its ability to deliver assistance to Palestinians in need. This month's Humanitarian Bulletin highlights some of the challenges in blockaded Gaza Strip. These include additional Israeli restrictions imposed in recent months on the entry of basic building materials it classifies as having a "dual civilian and military purpose", cement in particular. The restrictions have slowed down the rate of reconstruction of 17,800 homes destroyed or damaged during the 2014 conflict, prolonging the vulnerability of more than 10,000 families who are still displaced, and whose living conditions are expected to worsen as seasonal rains approach.
Israeli-imposed restrictions on the import of "dual use" materials also apply to items such as mobile pumps needed for flood prevention and response. The Under-Secretary General warned that "urgent projects which aim to reduce the risk of flooding that threatens nearly 500,000 people as winter approaches have been on hold for 10 months awaiting clearance of equipment."
Aid workers have been also affected. The denial rate for permit applications for national staff of UN agencies to enter or exit Gaza had increased from four per cent in 2015 to 40 per cent in the third quarter of 2016. The Under-Secretary General observed that in October, "more than half of our UN applicants were turned-away, with some advised not to apply for 12 months. No explanation other than 'security' is cited, leaving us at a loss as to how to respond and a growing morale problem." Mr. O'Brien concluded his review of Gaza's restrictions by observing: "Ultimately, real progress in Gaza requires a full lifting of the blockade by Israel, in line with the resolutions of this Council and the General Assembly. Until that happens, Israel must ensure that items needed for reconstruction, relief and emergency preparedness are allowed entry. And that aid workers are able to move about to do their vital work."

subset: commoncrawl


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The ICC ODI ranking has been issued before the start of the World Cup. Shakib Al Hasan of Bangladesh has become the world's number one all-rounder. No Indian has got place in the top 10 of this list. Shakib Al Hasan has been out of New Zealand tour due to an injury in the finger.
In the World Cup team, Shakib Al Hasan has returned as a vice-captain team. Shakib Al Hasan has been given chance in the team instead of Mominul. Shakib was injured during the Bangladesh Premier League, after which he was also out of the team from New Zealand tour. Shakib now has 359 points, which is 20 more than Rashid Khan of Afghanistan. Rashid has slipped to second place. Mohammed Nabi, the companion of the Rashid of Afghanistan team, is in third place.
Award winning performance in the Tri-Series
Thanks to good performance in the presence of Ireland and West Indies, 32-year-old Shakib took the top spot. Shakib also took two for the unbeaten half-century in the series and scored 140 runs besides taking two wickets. In this series in Ireland, Bangladesh won the tournament for the first time in many countries.
Kedar Jadhav topped the list with India's best, tied 12th with South Africa's Andyle Fehlukuyo and England's Moin Ali. Hardik Pandya, who has an impressive performance in IPL, is at 20th position.


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The month of April is known for numerous holidays such as Easter, April Fools' Day and Earth Day. However, what many people don't know is that April is also the Month of the Military Child. This is a special time of the year dedicated to honoring the children of military parents all over the world. UMHB takes great pride in recognizing students who fall into that category.
There are approximately two million military children all over the U.S., ranging from newborns all the way up to 18-year-olds (sheerid). Their lives seem to be no easy task, as many of them endure lots of challenges such as anxiety, separation and relocation. "One of the most challenging things about being a military kid is moving around," said Micki Hutchins, a freshman social work major. "I learned to only make surface-level friends because moving away from a best friend after two to three years over and over again became too painful. However, I have a great relationship with my immediate family because of this."
Many organizations around the world take advantage of the month and hold events to honor those who are children of military parents. The Department of Defense Education Activity and The Department of Defense team work together to encourage schools to plan events dedicated to the Month of the Military Child.
Operation Megaphone is a worldwide event dedicated to connecting military teens around the world and helping them discuss everyday issues that they face. Many group seven hold specific days for people to wear purple in an effort to show their support. A lot of organizations also hold events such as contests and festivals. Senior filmstudies major Viranda Brooks described events that she has participated in.
"When I was younger and lived on a base in Germany, they had a big carnival with free prizes and food," she said. "It was a lot of fun."
While their parents are deployed in other parts of the country, many dependents have to find ways to cope with the fact that their parents are gone. Some children do not understand why their parents have to leave for such long periods of time, and this can make them angry. Being able to communicate is one of the most important ways children of military parents can deal with their parents' absence.
Writing letters is one of the main ways they communicate, as many people in the military do not have access to cell phones or other communication devices. It is also important for people of authority such as teachers, counselors and non-military parents to be as helpful and supportive as possible.
"I would always go to my mom and see how he [her father] was doing," says Maria Cox, a sophomore church music major. "Sometimes she would know and sometimes not, so it was all about pa- tience. It was really just my mom and I for a long time, so I was so dependent on her. And she would also tell me stories of his travels and let me read the letters he sent us. Sometimes he would call on the landline, but we always had to wait for a response.
I just prayed to God that he would get back safely." Though many people struggle with the deployment of their loved ones, there are some benefits as well. Many children gain higher levels of maturity than others because of their ability to cope with difficult situations. They also tend to be more family-oriented than others might be. "The thing I've learned from being a military child was that I had a goal and father figure to look up to,"said Cox. "And that to appreciate our loved ones while they're still with us, because they could be gone the next day, and not seeing him for five years was terrifying, especially if he didn't come back."
Most importantly, military children grow up with a strong sense of love and sacrifice for their country. Because of this, many of them go into service-oriented careers such as law enforcement, the medical field, and of course, taking after their loved ones and joining the military.


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In Bailey v. Wood, 202 Mass. 549, 89 N.E. 147 (Mass.1909), the SJC articulated the overarching legislative purpose for the married women's insurance law in effect at that time, St. 1894, c. 522, § 73. The relevant provisions of that statute and the current statute are word-for-word identical.Summary of this case from In re Liang
December 7, 1908.
June 24, 1909.
Present: KNOWLTON, C.J., MORTON, HAMMOND, BRALEY, RUGG, JJ.
Insurance, Life. Husband and Wife. Bankruptcy. Constitutional Law. Limitations, Statute of.
St. 1894, c. 522, § 73, re-enacted in substance in R.L.c. 118, § 73, contains the following provision: "Every policy of life insurance made payable to or for the benefit of a married woman, or after its issue assigned, transferred, or in any way made payable to a married woman, or to any person in trust for her or for her benefit, whether procured by herself, her husband or by any other person, and whether the assignment or transfer is made by her husband or by any other person, shall inure to her separate use and benefit, and to that of her children, subject to the provisions of this section relating to premiums paid in fraud of creditors." Held, that this statute applies to and includes an assignment by a husband to his wife of a paid up endowment life insurance policy, and that such an assignment, made when the assignor is deeply insolvent and is known to be so both by himself and his wife and followed by the bankruptcy of the assignor, is good against the trustee in bankruptcy of his estate by virtue of the statute, although the facts may be such that except for the statute the assignment would be in fraud of his creditors.
The provision of St. 1894, c. 522, § 73, re-enacted in substance in R.L.c. 118, § 73, by which, as interpreted by this court, an assignment of a paid up endowment life insurance policy by a husband to his wife, made when the husband is deeply insolvent, and which except for the statute would have been in fraud of creditors, is good against the trustee in bankruptcy of the husband's estate, is not unconstitutional as creating an unreasonable exemption of property unlimited in amount.
The question, whether an allegation in a declaration that the defendant "concealed the cause of action" can be treated, on demurrer, as an allegation that the defendant fraudulently concealed the cause of action within the meaning of R.L.c. 202, § 11, so that the statute of limitations did not begin to run until the discovery of the cause of action, here was suggested but not considered.
A. Whiteside A.L. Millan, (H.R. Bailey with them,) for the plaintiff.
G.W. Anderson, for Caroline A. Wood.
H.P. Tilden, for the Puritan Trust Company, submitted a brief.
This is a bill in equity by the trustee in bankruptcy of one James A. Wood to recover the proceeds of a paid up endowment life insurance policy on the life of Wood alleged to have been transferred by him in fraud of his creditors to his wife, the defendant Caroline A. Wood, in December, 1901. The policy matured, as alleged, in April, 1904, and upon maturity the insurance company paid over the amount due thereon, $20,000, to the defendant Caroline A. Wood. The bill as originally drawn and filed was demurred to, and the demurrer was sustained. Thereupon the bill was amended, and was again demurred to. This demurrer was also sustained, and, the plaintiff apparently not desiring to amend further, a decree was entered dismissing the bill with costs. The plaintiff appealed.
This decree was made in the Superior Court by Fox, J.
The sole question is whether a paid up endowment life insurance policy, taken out by the husband and transferred by him to his wife by a voluntary assignment, comes within the provisions of St. 1894, c. 522, § 73, now R.L.c. 118, § 73. The plaintiff contends in effect that the statute applies only to the ordinary case of a life insurance policy where the premium is to be paid from year to year, and does not apply to a case like that before us, or, if it does, that it is unconstitutional and void.
The statute provides that "every policy of life insurance made payable to or for the benefit of a married woman, or after its issue assigned, transferred, or in any way made payable to a married woman, or to any person in trust for her or for her benefit, whether procured by herself, her husband or by any other person, and whether the assignment or transfer is made by her husband or by any other person, shall inure to her separate use and benefit, and to that of her children, subject to the provisions of this section relating to premiums paid in fraud of creditors." St. 1894, c. 522, § 73. R.L.c. 118, § 73. The provisions "relating to premiums paid in fraud of creditors" follow a provision that, when a policy of insurance has been effected by a person on his own life or that of another in favor of some other person than himself having an insurable interest therein, the beneficiary shall be entitled to the proceeds as against creditors and representatives of the person affecting the same, and may maintain an action thereon in his own name, "Provided, [and these are the provisions referred to] that, subject to the statute of limitation, the amount of any premiums for said insurance paid in fraud of creditors, with interest thereon, shall inure to their benefit from the proceeds of the policy."
The statute, it will be observed, does not undertake to exempt from its operation paid up endowment policies, or to confine its application to the ordinary life insurance policy, and we see nothing either in the history of the legislation relating to the matter, or in the policy of the law to warrant such a construction. The St. of 1894, c. 522, § 73, was a re-enactment without material changes of former statutes and was itself re-enacted in substance in R.L.c. 118, § 73; St. 1844, c. 82; St. 1854, c. 453, § 28; St. 1856, c. 252, § 42; Gen. Sts. c. 58, § 62; St. 1864, c. 197; Pub. Sts. c. 119, § 167; St. 1894, c. 120. In the codification of the insurance laws in St. 1887, c. 214, the provisions which had previously existed in regard to married women were omitted, probably for the reason that they were deemed unnecessary. They were, however, re-enacted in St. 1894, c. 120, and have been in force ever since. Any argument, therefore, in regard to a change of legislative policy which might have been drawn from their omission from the statute of 1887, if the matter had stopped there, is more than met by their re-enactment in 1894 and subsequent retention upon the statute book. Whether the statute as we construe it is a good statute or a bad statute in respect to the opportunities which, as the plaintiff contends, it offers for fraud is a matter for legislative consideration. Since 1844, with the exception of the seven years from 1887 to 1894, if they can be called an exception, it has been the policy of the Commonwealth to enable the husband and father to provide by insurance on his life for his wife and children, subject only to have premiums paid in fraud of creditors within the statutory period of limitation inure to their benefit out of the proceeds of the insurance, and since 1894 the law has included assignments from the husband to the wife of policies issued to the husband. This has been regarded as a wise and humane policy and the constitutionality of the legislation has never been questioned, and we do not see how it can be successfully. "It proceeds," as has been said, "upon the theory that the interest of a man's wife and children in his life, and his duty to make reasonable provision for their support, are not wholly subordinate to the claims of his creditors; and that he may make an irrevocable settlement of a policy of insurance on his life for the benefit of his family." Gould v. Emerson, 99 Mass. 154. See also Central Bank of Washington v. Hume, 128 U.S. 195. The interests of creditors are protected by the provision that subject to the statute of limitations premiums paid in fraud of their rights shall inure to their benefit from the proceeds of the policy. They were similarly protected in the beginning. See St. 1844, c. 82. Strictly speaking, only to the extent to which funds have been withdrawn from his estate by the debtor for the payment of premiums, can it be said that the insurance on his life has operated to the prejudice of his creditors. His life constitutes no part of the assets of his estate and nothing therefore is taken from his creditors by an insurance upon it in favor of his wife or the assignment to her of a policy of insurance already issued, though it may be true, as contended by the plaintiff, that, except for the statutory exemption in her favor, the policy like any other contract entered into by him and inuring to his benefit would constitute or could be found to constitute a part of the assets of her husband's estate. We assume in favor of the plaintiff, without deciding, that in view of the alleged deeply insolvent condition of the bankrupt at the time of the assignment of the policy by him to his wife the transfer could be found to have been in fraud of his creditors and that she would be accountable for the proceeds except for the statute. But we think that the statute applies, and that she is not accountable for the proceeds of the policy except to an amount equal to such premiums, if any, as have been paid in fraud of creditors.
The plaintiff concedes that the question of the construction of the statute and the validity of the exemption is one of State and not of federal law, and that the bankruptcy act recognizes the exemptions established by the several States. Holden v. Stratton, 198 U.S. 202. But he contends that the exemption being unlimited in amount is unreasonable and that the statute is, therefore, unconstitutional. If a man's life were property which his creditors could seize, there might, perhaps, be something in the contention. But, as already observed, the statute provides, in effect, that so much of the insurance as consists of property of the debtor which he has put into it by way of premiums in fraud of his creditors shall inure to them. Subject to this there can be nothing unreasonable in providing that one may insure his life to any amount that he chooses for the benefit of his wife and children, or that he may assign to his wife policies already issued to him. Various statutes have been enacted in which this principle has been carried further than the statute under consideration carries it. Thus, R.L.c. 125, §§ 17, 18, 19, provides that the employees of a railroad, street railway or steamboat corporation may form themselves into a corporation to receive, manage and apply property and funds for the benefit of members and their families, and that the same shall not be liable to attachment or to be taken on execution for the debts or liabilities of the members. The same provision is made in regard to assessment insurance so called (R.L.c. 120, § 18) and the money or other benefit to be paid to the certificate holder or beneficiary in the case of a fraternal beneficiary corporation. R.L.c. 119, § 17. In all these cases the exemption is absolute and unlimited, and it was held in Geer v. Horton, 159 Mass. 259, in regard to the statute last cited, that the exemption was constitutional. In Holden v. Stratton, 198 U.S. 202, it was held, so far as the Supreme Court of the United States could hold, that a law of Washington providing that "the proceeds or avails of all life insurance shall be exempt from all liability for any debt" was constitutional, on the ground, in effect, that it was within "the general power of the Legislature to determine the amount and character of property which should be exempt." Without undertaking to determine whether there are any limits to the exercise of this legislative power, and, if there are any, what they are, it is enough to say that, if there are any, it is plain, we think, that they have not been exceeded in the statute before us.
The conclusion to which we have come on the main question renders it unnecessary to consider whether upon the facts alleged in the amended bill the statute of limitations would operate as a bar, though it is to be observed that the bill nowhere alleges that the defendant Caroline A. Wood fraudulently concealed the cause of action, but only that she "concealed the cause of action." See Leslie v. Jaquith, 201 Mass. 242.
Decree affirmed with costs of appeal.


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The gastrointestinal colonizer Enterococcus faecium is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. faecium isolates are particularly concerning for infection treatment. Previous comparative genomic studies revealed that subspecies referred to as clade A and clade B exist within E. faecium. MDR E. faecium isolates belong to clade A, while clade B consists of drug-susceptible fecal commensal E. faecium isolates. Isolates from clade A are further grouped into two subclades, clades A1 and A2. In general, clade A1 isolates are hospital-epidemic isolates, whereas clade A2 isolates are isolates from animals and sporadic human infections. Such phylogenetic separation indicates that reduced gene exchange occurs between the clades. We hypothesize that endogenous barriers to gene exchange exist between E. faecium clades. Restriction-modification (R-M) systems are such barriers in other microbes. We utilized a bioinformatics analysis coupled with second-generation and third-generation deep-sequencing platforms to characterize the methylomes of two representative E. faecium strains, one from clade A1 and one from clade B. We identified a type I R-M system that is clade A1 specific, is active for DNA methylation, and significantly reduces the transformability of clade A1 E. faecium. Based on our results, we conclude that R-M systems act as barriers to horizontal gene exchange in E. faecium and propose that R-M systems contribute to E. faecium subspecies separation.
IMPORTANCE Enterococcus faecium is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections around the world. Rising antibiotic resistance in certain E. faecium lineages leaves fewer treatment options. The overarching aim of this work was to determine whether restriction-modification (R-M) systems contribute to the structure of the E. faecium species, wherein hospital-epidemic and non-hospital-epidemic isolates have distinct evolutionary histories and highly resolved clade structures. R-M provides bacteria with a type of innate immunity to horizontal gene transfer (HGT). We identified a type I R-M system that is enriched in the hospital-epidemic clade and determined that it is active for DNA modification activity and significantly impacts HGT. Overall, this work is important because it provides a mechanism for the observed clade structure of E. faecium as well as a mechanism for facilitated gene exchange among hospital-epidemic E. faecium isolates.
Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that normally resides in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other animals (1, 2). E. faecium can cause life-threatening infections such as endocarditis and is among the leading causes of catheter-associated bloodstream and urinary tract infections in clinical settings (3).
Previous comparative genomic studies revealed that subspecies exist within the E. faecium species (4–7). Different names have been used by different groups to describe these clades; in this study, we use the clade A/B nomenclature. Generally speaking, multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. faecium strains belong to clade A, while clade B consists of drug-susceptible fecal commensal E. faecium strains (8). Clade A is further split into two subclades, clades A1 and A2, with hospital-endemic strains generally clustering in clade A1 and sporadic-infection isolates and animal isolates generally clustering in clade A2 (8). Specific phenotypes and genomic features are enriched in clade A1 isolates relative to clade A2 and B isolates (8). Specifically, clade A1 isolates have significantly higher mutation rates and larger overall genome sizes, including a larger core genome, and possess more mobile elements. On the other hand, clade A2 possesses a larger pangenome than clades A1 and B, possibly reflective of the broader host origins of these strains. Given that clade A and clade B strains would be expected to comingle in certain environments (for example, in a hospital and municipal sewage), the phylogenetic separation among the E. faecium clades suggests that they are not sharing genetic information freely because of endogenous barriers to genetic exchange.
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the exchange of genetic material between cells rather than the vertical inheritance of genetic material from a parental cell. Bacteria can encode genome defense mechanisms that can act in opposition to HGT. Two examples of these mechanisms are clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) systems and restriction-modification (R-M) systems. CRISPR-Cas is a dynamic immune system that utilizes sequence complementarity between self (CRISPR RNAs) and foreign nucleic acid to carry out its restrictive function, whereas R-M discriminates self from foreign DNA by DNA methylation patterns. If the E. faecium clades encode different defense mechanisms, they may not exchange genetic information freely, thereby facilitating and maintaining phylogenetic separation. However, little is known about CRISPR-Cas and R-M in E. faecium. Genomic analysis suggests that these systems could contribute to the observed clade structure of E. faecium. For example, CRISPR-Cas systems have been identified exclusively in clade B E. faecium strains and in sporadic clade A-clade B recombinant strains (8). For R-M, a predicted methyl-directed restriction endonuclease (REase) is enriched in clade A2 and B E. faecium genomes relative to clade A1 genomes (8).
Here, we focused on R-M systems and their roles in regulating gene exchange in E. faecium because little is known about R-M defense in this species. Moreover, there is precedent in the literature for R-M systems contributing to bacterial clade structure, as has been observed in Burkholderia (9) and Neisseria (10). Our overarching hypothesis is that the E. faecium clades encode different R-M systems, thereby inhibiting genetic exchange between them. In general, R-M systems are composed of cognate methyltransferase (MTase) and REase activities and are classified into different types based on the specific number and types of enzymes in the system as well as characteristics such as methylation type and pattern, cofactor requirement, and restriction activity (11). A MTase recognizes specific sequences in the bacterial genome and transfers a methyl group to either an adenine or a cytosine residue, resulting in 6-methyladenine (m6A), 4-methylcytosine (m4C), or 5-methylcytosine (m5C). A REase may recognize the same sequence as a MTase and cleave that region if the sequence is unmethylated (or, in some cases, if it is methylated). With the activities of MTases and REases, bacteria can use R-M to impede the entry of nonself DNA.
In this study, we used single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to characterize the methylomes of representative E. faecium strains from clade A1 (E. faecium 1,231,502 or Efm502) and clade B (E. faecium 1,141,733 or Efm733). Two unique m6A methylation patterns were identified, one in each strain. These patterns were asymmetric and bipartite, which is characteristic of type I R-M methylation motifs (12). Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify candidate genes responsible for methylation. A unique type I R-M system is encoded by each strain. We have named these systems Efa502I (for Efm502) and Efa733I (for Efm733). Expression of these candidate systems in Enterococcus faecalis heterologous hosts followed by SMRT sequencing confirmed that they are responsible for the methylation patterns observed in Efm502 and Efm733. A functional analysis was performed in order to assess the abilities of these systems to reduce E. faecium HGT by transformation. In a comparative analysis among 73 E. faecium genomes, we found that Efa502I is significantly enriched among clade A1 isolates, while the type I R-M system of Efm733 appears to be strain specific. Overall, this study is a first step toward understanding the role of R-M in regulating HGT in E. faecium and the potential for R-M as one mechanism for the clade structure of E. faecium.
Identification of a clade A1-specific putative type I R-M system in E. faecium.We previously reported that a type II R-M system significantly reduces HGT via conjugation (13) and transformation (14) in E. faecalis. Here, we hypothesize that the E. faecium clades encode distinct R-M systems that reduce the exchange of genetic information between them. We utilized an approach that we previously developed for E. faecalis R-M analysis (13) to predict potential R-M systems in eight previously sequenced E. faecium genomes. The 8 genomes included 3 genomes from clade A1, 3 genomes from clade B, 1 genome from clade A2, and 1 recombinant clade A1-clade B hybrid (5, 8). Because REases are difficult to identify with bioinformatics, and MTase prediction is comparatively straightforward, as was previously reported by New England Biolabs (NEB) (15), we first identified predicted DNA MTases in E. faecium genomes and then analyzed surrounding genes for predicted R-M-related activities. The complete list of candidates for the eight strains is shown in Table 1.
Interestingly, we predicted at least one putative type I R-M system for seven of the eight E. faecium strains (Table 1). Type I R-M systems are multisubunit complexes comprised of a specificity (S) subunit, a methylation (M) subunit, and a restriction (R) subunit (11, 16–18). The S subunit is responsible for the specific DNA recognition motif and associates with the DNA to bring the M and R subunits into contact. The system has two conformations: M2S1, which is capable of methylating DNA based on the recognition sequence, and R2M2S1, which is capable of restricting DNA (18, 19). One predicted E. faecium type I R-M system is comprised of highly conserved (>90% amino acid sequence identity) M and R subunits in six of eight genomes across both clade A1 and clade B (Table 1; see also Data Set S1 in the supplemental material). The specificity subunit from this system, however, is highly conserved in clade A1 genomes but not in clade B (Table 1, Fig. 1, and Fig. S1). S subunits possess two target recognition domains (TRDs) that determine the nucleotide sequence that the subunit binds to (20, 21). The variation in amino acid sequence between the S subunits occurs within these TRDs (Fig. S1), suggesting that these S subunits recognize different DNA sequences. Notably, the S subunits from clade A1 strains are identical to each other, indicating that they utilize the same recognition sequence.
To examine the distribution of this putative clade A1-specific system in a larger collection of E. faecium strains, we analyzed 73 E. faecium genomes of mostly draft status that were reported previously (8). This list includes 15 clade B isolates, 21 clade A1 isolates, 35 clade A2 isolates, and 2 hybrid isolates (Table S1). We selected Efm502 (clade A1) as our representative clade A1 strain for this analysis and used type I R-M sequences from this genome as references for analysis against the broader collection of E. faecium strains. The M and R subunits of the putative clade A1-specific type I system were detected in 51 and 52, respectively, of 73 E. faecium genomes, including both clade A and clade B strains (Fig. S2a and b). However, the distribution of the S subunits varied (Fig. S2a and b). The S subunit present in Efm502, EFQG_01131, was significantly enriched within clade A1 isolates (14/21; P value of <0.0001 using a Fisher exact test) (Fig. S2a) and absent from all other clades with the exception of strain EnGen002, which is classified as a clade A1-clade B hybrid strain. Interestingly, the S subunits present in most other E. faecium strains are strain specific by the strict thresholds applied here. Given that the Efm502 S subunit is enriched in clade A1, we hypothesize that many clade A1 strains exchange genetic information freely with each other, while exchange with other E. faecium strains is restricted.
SMRT sequencing for E. faecium methylome analysis.We analyzed the Efm502 and Efm733 genomes by SMRT sequencing. SMRT sequencing measures the kinetics of DNA polymerase as it synthesizes DNA in order to identify bases that have been modified (22–24). It has been extensively utilized for bacterial methylome analysis (25–33). With SMRT sequencing, 6-methyladenine (m6A) and 4-methylcytosine (m4C) can be easily detected with modest sequence coverage (∼25× per strand), while 5-methylcytosine (m5C) detection requires high coverage (∼250× per strand) (32, 34). Using SMRT sequencing, we identified two unique m6A methylation motifs in Efm502 and Efm733. Efm502 possessed m6A methylation at the underlined position of the motif 5′-RAYCNNNNNNTTRG-3′ (and its complementary strand 5′-CYAANNNNNNGRTY-3′), and Efm733 possessed m6A methylation at the underlined position of the motif 5′-AGAWNNNNATTA-3′ (and its complementary strand 5′-TAATNNNNWTCT-3′) (Table 2 and Data Set S2). These sequences are asymmetric and bipartite, which is characteristic of type I R-M methylation (12). Due to the coverage of our SMRT sequencing, m5C modification could not be accurately detected. The two unique m6A methylation patterns indicate that DNA from one strain would be recognized as foreign should it cross the strain barrier.
Expression in heterologous hosts links methylation activity to genes in Efm502 and Efm733.According to our predictions (Table 1), there is only one complete type I R-M system encoded by each of the strains Efm502 and Efm733. To determine if these systems are responsible for the methylation patterns identified by SMRT sequencing, we expressed the respective S and M subunits (EFQG_01131-EFQG_01132 [EFQG_01131-01132] for Efm502 and EFSG_05028-05027 for Efm733) in the heterologous host E. faecalis OG1RF or its spectinomycin/streptomycin-resistant relative OG1SSp. Previous work in our laboratory had characterized the methylome of OG1RF using SMRT and bisulfite sequencing (14). This allowed us to attribute any new methylation patterns observed during SMRT sequencing to the E. faecium genes that were expressed in the OG1RF background. SMRT sequencing of these strains detected the same methylation patterns originally identified in Efm502 and Efm733 (Table 2 and Data Set S2). These data demonstrate that EFQG_01131-01132 is responsible for 5′-RAYCNNNNNNTTRG-3′ methylation in Efm502 and that EFSG_05028-05027 is responsible for 5′-AGAWNNNNATTA-3′ methylation in Efm733. Because we have confirmed the function of these genes, we have named them Efa502I and Efa733I, which is consistent with the R-M system nomenclature convention established by New England Biolabs (12).
Efa502I and Efa733I reduce transformation efficiency in E. faecium.To determine whether the type I R-M systems in Efm733 and Efm502 actively defend against exogenous DNA, we constructed null strains (Efm733ΔRM and Efm502ΔRM) (Table 3) and evaluated their transformation efficiencies relative to their wild-type parent strains. Here, we utilized the broad-host-range plasmid pAT28 (Table 3) (35). The pAT28 sequence has motifs recognized by the type I R-M systems in both wild-type Efm733 (1 occurrence) and Efm502 (1 occurrence). The transformation of pAT28 into Efm733 and Efm502 served as a baseline for the experiment. If Efa733I and Efa502I are active, we expect to see higher efficiencies of pAT28 transformation into Efm733ΔRM and Efm502ΔRM, respectively. Indeed, we observed significantly higher efficiencies of transformation into type I R-M system-null strains (P value of <0.05 using one-tailed Student's t test) (Fig. 2). These data demonstrate that the type I R-M systems in Efm733 and Efm502 actively function as mechanisms of genome defense.
m5C methylation occurs in Efm733.As described above, our SMRT sequencing had insufficient coverage depth for m5C methylome characterization. Hence, we used REase protection assays with commercially available methylation-sensitive REases to query the presence of m5C methylation in our eight E. faecium strains. Table 4 summarizes the recognition sequences and modifications of the enzymes used in this study. Only Efm733 showed evidence of cytosine modification, as it was digested by MspJI (Table 4 and Fig. S3).
To determine the exact cytosine methylation motif present in Efm733, genomic DNA (gDNA) was subjected to whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Whole-genome-amplified DNA was used as a negative control since whole-genome amplification (WGA) removes all modifications. During bisulfite treatment, cytosine bases are converted to thymine unless they are protected by either m4C or m5C methylation. Additionally, our laboratory previously reported a method of distinguishing between m4C and m5C methylation using thymine conversion ratios of sequencing reads after bisulfite treatment (36). m5C methylation is sufficient to protect the cytosine residue completely from bisulfite conversion so that most sequencing reads at that position contain the original cytosine base. However, m4C methylation provides only partial protection from bisulfite conversion, so a thymine conversion rate of 0.5 at a particular position within the sequencing reads suggests the presence of m4C methylation. Bisulfite conversion and subsequent sequencing revealed that Efm733 possesses an m5C modification at the motif 5′-RmCCGGY-3′ (Fig. 3 and Fig. S4); methylation occurs at the underlined position (position 2), which overlaps the MspJI recognition site (5′-CNNR-3′) and hence supports the evidence of methylation obtained from the MspJI digestion assays. To summarize this analysis, of the 780 5′-RCCGGY-3′ motifs in the Efm733 genome, 750 passed the coverage filter applied, and 748 of these were detected as being modified (the number of motifs detected is defined as the number of motifs with a coverage depth of more than 10× and a methylation ratio of 0.35). The average methylation ratio (defined as the mean of the methylation ratios from all motifs in the genome) was 96.5% (standard deviation, 6.2%), and the mean motif coverage was 61.5×. Based on the cytosine conversion ratio of close to 1.0, m5C modification is supported, which is consistent with why it was not detected by our SMRT sequencing.
EFSG_00659 is responsible for m5C methylation in Efm733.Based on the bioinformatics analyses, we hypothesized that EFSG_00659 was responsible for the m5C methylation found in Efm733 (Table 1). EFSG_00659 possessed no homologs in the other seven strains analyzed, making it a good candidate for the unique methylation found in Efm733. We queried the EFSG_00659 protein sequence against the REBASE gold-standard list and identified that it has high sequence similarity to M.AvaIX, M.VchO395I, and M.VchAI (E value of ≤3e−125; recognition sites are 5′-RCCGGY-3′). Interestingly, BLASTP identified no significant hits when EFSG_00659 was queried against the larger collection of 73 E. faecium genomes, indicating its unique presence in Efm733.
In order to link EFSG_00659 with the m5C methylation identified during bisulfite sequencing, we expressed it in the heterologous host Escherichia coli STBL4 and performed a REase protection assay. The REase AgeI recognizes the motif 5′-ACCGGT-3′, and its enzymatic activity is blocked if m5C methylation is present at the underlined position. This motif overlaps the m5C methylation motif in Efm733 identified by bisulfite sequencing. If the motif is methylated, DNA will be protected against digestion. We cloned EFSG_00659 into the vector pGEM-T and transformed it into E. coli STBL4, generating strain E. coli STBL4(pRB01). Genomic DNAs from Efm733, STBL4(pGEM-T), and STBL4(pRB01) were treated with AgeI according to the manufacturer's instructions. EcoRI was used as a positive control for digestion. Figure 4 shows representative results of the digestions on a 1% agarose gel. As expected, Efm733 was digested by EcoRI and protected against digestion from AgeI. STBL4(pGEM-T) was digested by both EcoRI and AgeI, indicating that the original host and the empty vector pGEM-T did not possess the appropriate m5C methylation. STBL4(pRB01) was protected against digestion by AgeI, demonstrating that EFSG_00659 is responsible for the 5′-RmCCGGY-3′ methylation found in Efm733.
In this study, we used a combination of genomic and genetic approaches to identify a functional type I R-M system that is enriched in clade A1 E. faecium and that significantly alters the transformability of a model clade A1 strain. We propose that this R-M system impacts HGT rates among E. faecium mixed-clade communities, thereby helping to maintain the observed phylogenetic structure of E. faecium and facilitating HGT specifically among clade A1 strains. Mixed communities of E. faecium clades are expected to occur in environments where healthy and ill human hosts, human and animal hosts, and/or the feces of any of these hosts comingle (i.e., in sewage). In future studies, we plan to assess the impact of R-M on conjugative plasmid transfer, which is a major mode of HGT in enterococci and was not assessed in the present study.
An interesting observation from our study is the sequence diversity of type I S subunits encoded within E. faecium type I R-M systems having nearly identical R and M subunits (see Fig. S2a and b in the supplemental material). After further investigation into those alignments, we found that those S subunits sharing 50% to 70% overall amino acid sequence identities possess sequence diversity within one TRD, where the other TRD and the central conserved domain are conserved. This suggests that these systems share partial recognition sequences. Previous research showed that the diversification of type I R-M recognition sequences is driven by TRD exchanges, permutation of the dimerization domain, and circular permutation of TRDs (37). Our observation suggests that TRD recombination and reorganization events occur for E. faecium type I R-M systems outside clade A1. Future studies will use genomics to further explore the relationship between S subunit sequence diversity and its impact on E. faecium methylomes and interstrain and interclade HGT.
Bacterial strains and growth conditions.The strains used in this study are shown in Table 3. All enterococci were grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth or agar at 37°C, unless otherwise stated. Escherichia coli strains were grown in Luria broth (LB) at 37°C and with shaking at 225 rpm unless otherwise stated. Antibiotic concentrations for enterococcal strains were as follows: 50 μg/ml for rifampin, 25 μg/ml for fusidic acid, 500 μg/ml for spectinomycin, 500 μg/ml for streptomycin, and 15 μg/ml for chloramphenicol. Antibiotic concentrations for E. coli strains were as follows: 15 μg/ml for chloramphenicol and 100 μg/ml for ampicillin. All REases were purchased from New England Biolabs (NEB) and used according to the manufacturer's instructions. PCR was performed using Taq polymerase (NEB) or Phusion (Fisher). Sanger sequencing to validate all genetic constructs was performed at the Massachusetts General Hospital DNA Core facility (Boston, MA).
Isolation of genomic DNA.Enterococcal strains were cultured overnight in BHI broth prior to genomic DNA (gDNA) extraction. Extraction was performed using a Qiagen blood and tissue DNeasy kit using a previously reported protocol (38). To isolate E. coli gDNA, bacteria were grown overnight in LB prior to extraction using either the blood and tissue DNeasy kit (Qiagen) or the UltraClean microbial DNA isolation kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Whole-genome amplification (WGA) control DNA was generated by amplification of native gDNA using the REPLI-g kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
SMRT sequencing and methylome detection in E. faecium.SMRT sequencing of E. faecium gDNAs and their WGA controls was performed by the Johns Hopkins Medical Institute Deep Sequencing and Microarray Core. After sequencing, the reads were aligned to existing references (NCBI RefSeq accession numbers NZ_GG688486 to NZ_GG688546 for Efm502 and NZ_GG688461 to NZ_GG688485 for Efm733) and analyzed using the RS modification and motif detection protocol in SMRT portal v1.3.3. WGA controls were used as methylation baselines.
Bioinformatic analysis of R-M systems in eight E. faecium genomes.The entire protein complement for eight previously sequenced E. faecium isolates (39) was analyzed. To identify potential MTases, the REBASE gold-standard list (15) was used as a reference. This list is comprised of biochemically verified MTases and REases. Each protein sequence from E. faecium genomes was analyzed using BLASTP against the REBASE gold-standard list. The protein sequences with significant (E value of <1e−3) homology to REBASE gold-standard proteins were further filtered by protein size. If an E. faecium query protein length was less than half of its subject's length, the match was removed from the prediction list. Due to the sequence diversity of REases, which complicates their bioinformatic identification (15), guilt by association was used to identify full R-M systems, as we previously described (14). The proteins encoded near candidate DNA MTases were analyzed using BLAST and Pfam for conserved domains consistent with REase activities and/or sequence identity to confirmed REases. The amino acid sequence of each R-M candidate was then pairwise compared among all the eight strains to identify putative orthologs. If two protein sequences shared an amino acid identity of ≥90% with a query coverage of ≥90%, they were considered to be orthologous.
Expression of R-M systems in E. faecalis heterologous hosts.Genes encoding the specificity and methylation subunits of Efa733I (EFSG_05028-EFSG_05027) were PCR amplified in their entirety, including the upstream region to retain the native promoter, using primers 733_T1A_SM_F and 733_T1A_SM_R (see Table 5 for primer sequences). The PCR product was digested with NotI and ligated into NotI-digested pWH03 (14) using T4 DNA ligase (NEB), generating pHA102. pWH03 is a pLT06 derivative for expression of genes from a previously validated neutral genomic insertion site (EF2238-EF2239) for expression (GISE) (14, 40). pHA102 constructs were then introduced into E. coli DH5α via heat shock for propagation and sequence confirmation. pHA102 was electroporated into E. faecalis OG1SSp using a previously described method (13). An E. faecalis OG1SSp derivative with a chromosomal integration of Efa733I, referred to as OG1SSp::efa733I, was generated by temperature shifts and p-chlorophenylalanine counterselection, as previously described (41).
Genes encoding the specificity and methylation subunits of Efa502I (EFQG_01131-EFQG_01132) were PCR amplified using primers 502_T1A_SM_F and 502_T1A_SM_R. The PCR product was then TA cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega) and introduced into DH5α via heat shock to generate pGEM-SMA1. pGEM-SMA1 was then digested with NotI, and the digestion reaction product was used as the insert for ligation into NotI-digested pWH03. The ligation reaction product was then introduced into DH5α, and colonies were screened for chloramphenicol resistance and ampicillin susceptibility to ensure that the pGEM backbone was not ligated into pWH03. Once the construct, referred to as pHA103, was confirmed via Sanger sequencing, it was introduced into electrocompetent E. faecalis OG1RF cells. An E. faecalis OG1RF derivative with a chromosomal integration of Efa502I, referred to as OG1RF::efa502I, was generated by temperature shifts and p-chlorophenylalanine counterselection. All plasmids and strains for heterologous expression were validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing.
SMRT sequencing of E. faecalis OG1 derivatives expressing Efa502I or Efa733I was performed by the University of Michigan sequencing core facility. Reads were mapped to the E. faecalis OG1RF reference sequence (GenBank accession number NC_017316), and the methylation motifs were detected using the RS modification and motif detection protocol in SMRT portal v.2.3.2. In silico controls were used as modification baselines.
Generation of E. faecium R-M deletion mutants.Regions up- and downstream of Efa502I and Efa733I were PCR amplified using primers listed in Table 5, ligated into pLT06, and transformed into E. coli EC1000 (42), generating pWH16 and pWH17 (Table 3). Insert sequences were confirmed using Sanger sequencing. E. faecium strains were made electrocompetent using a previously reported protocol (43). Two micrograms of sequence-confirmed plasmids was electroporated into electrocompetent Efm733 and Efm502. The generation of deletion mutants was accomplished using temperature shifts and p-chlorophenylalanine counterselection, as previously described (41). The successful deletion mutants were sequence confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing.
Transformation efficiency test.Efm733, Efm502, and their respective R-M deletion mutants were made electrocompetent using a modified version of a previously reported protocol (43). Briefly, cultures grown overnight were diluted 10-fold in BHI medium and cultured to an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of ∼0.6. The bacteria were then pelleted and treated with filter-sterilized lysozyme buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl [pH 8.0], 10 mM EDTA [pH 8.0], 50 mM NaCl) supplemented with 83 μl of a 2.5-kU/ml mutanolysin stock for 30 min at 37°C. The cells were then pelleted and washed three times with ice-cold filter-sterilized electroporation buffer (0.5 M sucrose and 10% glycerol). Finally, the cells were pelleted, resuspended in electroporation buffer, and aliquoted for storage at −80°C for future use. One microgram of pAT28 (35) was electroporated into the electrocompetent E. faecium cells. The counts of total viable cells and spectinomycin-resistant cells were determined by serial dilution and plating. The transformation efficiency was expressed as a percentage of transformed (spectinomycin-resistant) cells per total viable cells. Three independent experiments were performed, and statistical significance was assessed using the unpaired one-tailed Student t test.
Distribution analysis of putative R-M systems and orphan MTases.The amino acid sequences for select R-M system and orphan MTase candidates were queried against a collection of 73 E. faecium isolates previously analyzed by Lebreton et al. (8) using BLASTP. Any proteins that shared >90% query coverage and amino acid identity were considered orthologs. Fisher's exact test was used to determine if an orphan MTase or R-M system was significantly over- or underrepresented in a particular clade.
REase protection assays.To identify m5C methylation, gDNA was treated with the methylation-sensitive REases McrBC, FspEI, and MspJI (NEB). A total of 500 ng gDNA was incubated with each REase at 37°C for 3 h (McrBC) or 6 h (FspEI and MspJI), followed by analysis by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel with ethidium bromide.
Bisulfite sequencing.Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing libraries were constructed using the Illumina TruSeq LT PCR Free kit and the Qiagen EpiTect bisulfite kit. Native DNA was isolated as described above. Whole-genome-amplified control DNA was generated by amplification of native gDNA using the Qiagen REPLI-g kit, according to the manufacturer's instructions. For bisulfite sequencing, briefly, 2 μg each of native and WGA control DNA was fragmented using NEB fragmentase. DNA fragments ranging from 200 bp to 700 bp were gel extracted and end repaired. After A tailing of DNA fragments, Illumina TruSeq adapters were ligated. Bisulfite conversion was then performed using the Qiagen EpiTect bisulfite kit, according to the manufacturer's instructions. An 8-cycle PCR enrichment with Illumina primer mix was performed, followed by size selection and gel purification. The libraries were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq with 2- by 75-bp paired-end chemistry.
Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis.The sequencing reads were analyzed using Bismark (44), with additional quality control and filtering as described previously (14). Briefly, the Illumina reads were mapped to the in silico bisulfite-converted references (44). We then quantified the conversion rate of each mapped read by calculating the percentage of converted C bases (which will result in T) to the total number of C bases in the reference within the mapped region. The mapped reads with a ≤80% conversion rate were filtered out from the analysis (14). Next, the coverage depth and methylation ratio were calculated for each C site. The methylation ratio was calculated by dividing the total number of C bases by the coverage depth at each C site. A fully methylated C residue thus protected from bisulfite conversion will have a methylation ratio near 1. An unmethylated C residue will have a methylation ratio near zero. To identify consensus methylation motifs, C sites with a methylation ratio of ≥0.35 and a coverage depth of ≥10×, along with the sequences 5 bp upstream and 5 bp downstream, were extracted. The extracted sequences were subjected to a MEME motif search (45).
Confirmation of m5C MTase activity.Primers EFSG_00659_F and EFSG_00659_R (Table 5) were used to amplify the entire Efm733 EFSG_00659 coding region and its upstream predicted promoter. The PCR product was then cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions and transformed into E. coli STBL4 (Fisher) to generate pRB01. REase digestion assays with methylation-sensitive enzymes were performed on purified E. coli and E. faecium gDNAs as described above.
Accession number(s).DNA sequence data generated in this study have been deposited in the Sequence Read Archive under accession numbers PRJNA397049 (for SMRT sequencing data) and PRJNA488088 (for Illumina bisulfite sequencing data).
This work was supported by Public Health Service grants K22AI099088 and R01AI116610 to K.L.P.
- Received 6 September 2018.
- Accepted 26 October 2018.
- Accepted manuscript posted online 2 November 2018.
Supplemental material for this article may be found at https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02174-18.
- Copyright © 2019 Huo et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.


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This activity is approved for 0.25 contact hours.
Section 1: Introduction A. About This Course B. Learning Objectives Section 2: Understanding Heart Disease A. Heart Disease in Americans B. Self-Assessment C. What Exactly Is Heart Disease? D. Health Screenings E. Lifestyle Changes Section 3: Conclusion A. Summary B. Congratulations! C. Course Contributor D. References
This course was written by Marissa Lemley Brown, MSN, RN, CPN. Marissa began her nursing career at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in 2001 as a staff nurse working with the acute care pediatric population. When Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt was constructed as a freestanding facility in 2004, she transitioned to the Infant, Toddler, School Age Medicine and Pediatric Epilepsy Monitoring Unit. Over the course of 11 years, she has worked as a staff nurse, charge nurse, nurse educator, and clinical nursing instructor. Now as a member of the Nursing Education & Professional Development Team, Marissa works as a Nursing Professional Development Specialist for the Children's Hospital. Beginning her family's 4th generation of nurses, Marissa received her degree from Aquinas College in Nashville, Tennessee. She furthered her education through The University of Phoenix where she received a Master's of Science in Nursing Education. Disclosure: Marissa Brown, MSN, RN, CPN has declared that no conflict of interest, Relevant Financial Relationship or Relevant Non-Financial Relationship exists.


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Message-ID: <220692200.3209.1603333693494.JavaMail.tomcat@c99efb3ac662> Subject: Exported From Confluence MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_Part_3208_227960464.1603333693493" ------=_Part_3208_227960464.1603333693493 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: file:///C:/exported.html
Due to tons of variations of Linux environment, the recently introduced na= tive file system watcher for Linux may refuse to function properly. Here ar= e some simple steps which may help to track down a problem.
Make sure you are using the latest versions (download them from Git repository), they are n= amed fsnotifier and fsnotifier64, placed into bin/ directory of IDEA, and granted execution rights.
Execute watcher in self-diagnostics mode:
$ ./fsnotifier --selftest=20
It should print something like this:
fsnotifier[5661] info: started (self-test mode) fsnotifier[5661] debug: inotify fd: 4 fsnotifier[5661] info: inotify watch descriptors: 524288 fsnotifier[5661] info: updating roots (curr:0, new:1) ... fsnotifier[5661] info: registering root: /home/sher/Tools/idea-IU-dev/bin fsnotifier[5661] debug: watching /home/sher/Tools/idea-IU-dev/bin: 1 ... fsnotifier[5661] info: unregistering root: /home/sher/Tools/idea-IU-dev/bi= n fsnotifier[5661] debug: unwatching /home/sher/Tools/idea-IU-dev/bin: 1 (0x9= 795068) fsnotifier[5661] info: finished=20
Examine its output for any errors or warnings.
Warning: fsnotifier will try to set up a watch for dire= ctory tree starting from the current directory =E2=80=93 if a hie= rarchy is deep, there will be lots of output.
The next step is to activate logging for watcher and see what's happenin= g in real.
Watcher utilizes "user" facility of syslog(3) =E2=80=93 messag= es usually can be found in /var/log/user.log. Verbosity is regulated via FS= NOTIFIER_LOG_LEVEL environment variable, possible values are: debug, info, = warning, error, off.
By default, logging is switched off. To activate it, set FSNOTIFIER_LOG_= LEVEL to an appropriate value before starting IDEA, e.g.:
$ FSNOTIFIER_LOG_LEVEL=3Dinfo idea.sh=20
Warning: "debug" verbosity level may produce = a really huge amount of messages =E2=80=93 use with care.
If you see something suspicious in logs please feel free to post it here= as a comment (or as an attachment).


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FDNY firefighter dies from 9 11-related cancer, association says
2018-08-26 22:24
John McCain, a former prisoner of war in Vietnam who served as a U.S. senator from Arizona for more than three decades, died on Saturday at the age of 81. Below are some of the reactions to his death: President Donald Trump My deepest sympathies and respect go out to the family of Senator John McCain. Our hearts and prayers are with you! In an era filled with cynicism about national unity and public service, John McCain's life shone as a bright example. He showed us that boundless patriotism and self-sacrifice are not outdated concepts or cliches, but the building blocks of an extraordinary life. Former President Bill Clinton and Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton He frequently put partisanship aside to do what he thought was best for the country, and was never afraid to break the mold if it was the right thing to do. I will always be especially grateful for his leadership in our successful efforts to normalize relations with Vietnam. Former President George W. Bush Some lives are so vivid, it is difficult to imagine them ended. Some voices are so vibrant, it is hard to think of them stilled. John McCain was a man of deep conviction and a patriot of the highest order. He was a public servant in the finest traditions of our country. And to me, he was a friend whom I'll deeply miss. Former Vice President Joe Biden As a POW, John endured the worst of what human beings can do to one another. In politics, he fell short of his greatest ambition. At the end of his life he faced a cruel and relentless disease. And yet through it all he never lost sight of what he believed most: Country First. And the spirit that drove him was never extinguished: we are here to commit ourselves to something bigger than ourselves. Former President Jimmy Carter John McCain was a man of honor, a true patriot in the best sense of the word. Americans will be forever grateful for his heroic military service and for his steadfast integrity as a member of the United States Senate. Vice President Mike Pence Karen and I send our deepest condolences to Cindy and the entire McCain family on the passing of Senator John McCain. We honor his lifetime of service to this nation in our military and in public life. His family and friends will be in our prayers. God bless John McCain. Former President George H. W. Bush John McCain was a patriot of the highest order, a public servant of rarest courage. Few sacrificed more for, or contributed more to, the welfare of his fellow citizens—and indeed freedom-loving peoples around the world. Another American maverick and warrior, Gen. George Patton, once observed: 'We should thank God that men such as these have lived.' Arizona Sen. Jeff Flake Words cannot express the sorrow I feel at John McCain's passing. The world has lost a hero and a statesman. Cindy and the McCain family have lost a loving husband and father. I have lost a wonderful friend. Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey John McCain is one American who will never be forgotten. He was a giant. An icon. An American hero. But here at home, we were most proud to call him a fellow Arizonan. Like so many of us, he was not born here, but his spirit, service and fierce independence shaped the state with which he became synonymous.


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With a history of dependable reporting dating again to 1907, immediately's UPI is a credible supply for crucial stories of the day, continually up to date – a one-cease site for U.S. and world information, as well as leisure, traits, science, well being and beautiful images. I come away irritated ever time I open it. It's a shame it was nice like Appy Geek with sorted block model categories and fairly excellent news sources.


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The Democrats have stooped to desperate levels. Barely hanging by a thread, Senate Democratic Leader Charles Schumer threatened to insert a DREAM Act into every bill to move this fall.
The Democrats want Republicans to bring forward a bill that would protect the 800k immigrants who came to as children to America illegally, that were previously covered under DACA. However, DACA has been eliminated, and after six months, they will not be able to legally work here anymore.
Schumer said, "If a clean DREAM Act does not come to the floor in September, we are prepared to attach it to other items this fall until it passes."
He then claimed, "The president's decision to end DACA was heartless and it was brainless."
Trending: Saturday Night Live Dings Obama – "Ebola Probably One of My Greatest Accomplishments!"
Democrats made the threat after President Trump announced he would rescind the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which former President Obama implemented in 2012.
Trump gave Congress six months to pass legislation to address the future status of these immigrants.
Schumer added, "If this order stands, hundreds, hundreds of thousands of families will be ripped apart, tens of thousands of American businesses will lose hard-working employees."
The Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act, commonly known as the DREAM Act, has languished in Congress for 16 years. It would grant permanent legal status to young immigrants who were brought to the country illegally as long as they meet certain requirements. It was included in a comprehensive immigration reform bill that passed the Senate in 2013 but later stalled in the House.
Democrats will have multiple opportunities to tack the bill onto must-pass legislation.
Just because the children were brought over here illegally does not make them citizens all of a sudden. There is an order to things that should be followed. DACA, which was started under Obama, simply showed people that if they wanted to come over illegally with their families, then their children would be granted an immunity. What was there to lose at that point?
They either need to follow the correct procedures to legally become an American citizen, or they can see their way out of the country.
The views expressed in this opinion article are solely those of their author and are not necessarily either shared or endorsed by EagleRising.com


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The centre is ideally situated in Ilford Town Centre. The centre benefits from car parking at rear (P&D), 24-hour access and personal signage. The centre also offers an all-inclusive licence fee, furniture, cleaning services, communal kitchen / toilet facilities, and the option of adding your own telephone line.
The centre is ideally situated in Ilford Town Centre, close to public parking facilities. There are good transport links to Liverpool Street Station, and easy access to the M11 and M25 motorways.
Ilford (0.1 mi)
Manor Park (1.2 mi)
Woodgrange Park (1.3 mi)
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Warehouse Automation With Robotic Lift Trucks
The percentage of companies not thinking about or incorporating warehouse automation is only 17%. If you are in that small percentage, you risk losing a competitive advantage. Automating warehouse applications just makes sense in a climate where skilled workers are becoming harder to find, pressure is mounting to operate in a cleaner, safer environment and companies are learning to do more with less money and less space.
Investing in automation such as robotics shows a huge ROI – particularly for operations that run more than one shift per 24-hour period. In these cases, the ROI is often less than two years. Yale® Robotic Lift Trucks automate repetitive tasks, enhance safety, improve efficiency and lower costs.
Download the ROI of Robotics Request A Quote
Robotics Reduce Operating Costs By 70%
As more baby boomers are retiring, their knowledge and skills are going with them. Now is the time to automate repetitive tasks and free up the workers you do have to apply their skills to more value-added work. With Yale® Robotic Lift Trucks, you can do just that while enhancing safety, improving efficiencies and lowering costs.
Have you heard of cobotics? You can maximize productivity when you have the right resources in the right places, for example, people performing more intensive tasks with machines working next to them performing the repetitive tasks. Robotic lift trucks can reduce operating costs by up to 70% by improving labor productivity, reducing damages and accidents and helping your operation run more smoothly – ultimately making your customers happier.
Meeting Your Application Needs
To achieve advanced automation, you need a solution that is truly adaptable to meet your exact needs, not the other way around. That's why Yale® Robotic Lift Trucks, Driven by Balyo, are so unique, allowing you to: adjust routes in real-time with infrastructure-free navigation; run with zero, partial or full integration with facility WMS; achieve superior maneuverability with enhanced movement in tight spaces; and switch to manual mode with the touch of a button.
Not Ready to Adopt Robotics? Think Again!
Contact us today to learn how you can benefit from adopting robotics.


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BERLIN, GERMANY (June 13th 2018) – Marking its fourth consecutive year at Sonar+D in Barcelona, MOD Devices presents a powerful new version of its MOD Duo audio processor. Named MOD Duo X, the standalone device sports more controls on the outside, including 8 new assignable potentiometer knobs, 4 freely-assignable push buttons and 2 instant "snapshot" push buttons. The Duo X also comes with Control Voltage input and output, a buffed up new processor, as well as new software features such as MIDI Slave Sync and Stereo Link.
With its fully-assignable knobs and push buttons, including instant recall capabilities, the MOD Duo X is geared towards hands-on use cases such as studio work, electronic music production & performance and even DJing.
"When I was first introduced to the MOD Duo, I immediately envisioned a product line rather than one singular design. In the same way that the regular Duo is optimized for the guitar player, the Duo X is tailored for studio use and the needs of electronic music production and live acts. It also integrates well with a modular Eurorack setup, courtesy of its CV input and output. The Duo X is a product I would have dreamed of having in my music-making days. I am incredibly excited that we will bring this wonderful multi-effects processor to the world soon" says Ronny Krieger, MOD Devices' CEO.
Users and the press have the opportunity to try a prototype of the MOD Duo X and other products from MOD Devices at the Sónar+D MarketLab, between June 13th and 16th 2018 in Barcelona.
On June 13th, pre-orders will open for a limited edition run of the Duo X, which will be shipped late September. The product will then be made officially available through international distribution and retail partners in late Q4 2018 or early Q1 2019. The feature set of both versions will be identical.
The new features of the MOD Duo X include:
Like the regular Duo stompbox, the MOD Duo X audio processor is made in Germany. It measures 180mm x 60mm x 160mm (W x H x D) and weighs 1.3 kg. The limited edition of the Duo X will be available for 699,- Euro and pre-orders can be made at www.moddevices.com.
For additional information please contact:
MOD Duo X pictures: http://bit.ly/DuoXPics
MOD Devices logo: http://bit.ly/MODlogos


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Family fun is what it's all about, with capacity for 13! This 1 owner 27' Tri-toon with w/ Upgraded Mercury 250 Verado has all the bells and whistles and with under 150 hrs, it is a must see. Full Canvas Package including full Camper enclosure, Bimini top and Travel cover. Upgraded Clarion Stereo/CD w/ 6 speakers, Lowrance HDS Live 7 Chartplotter, Fish FInder w/ active image 3 in 1, VHF Radio. Cockpit Sink w/ 5 gal removable water tank, 2 Cockpit tables, Rear change room/porta potty, Swim Grid, Anchor and so much more. Tandem Axle trailer with bunks included.
5052-H36 marine grade aluminum alloy
NMMA & Canadian Coast Guard certified
2 ½" heavy-duty extruded Z-aluminum cross channels
1 1/4" anodized aluminum rails
Sealed pontoon bulkheads with top mounted air plug (25")
V-shaped aluminum engine pod
Pressure-treated wood deck covered with marine grade carpet
Extruded aluminum full-length pontoon keels
Extruded aluminum full-length pontoon skirting
Chromed corner castings
Rear reclining padded sundeck
Walk-thru rear gate with lift and lock hinge
Port side gate with lift and lock hinges
Fiberglass bow sections with flush mount halogen docking lights and bumper racks
Integrated full-width rear swim platform w/ four-step telescoping boarding ladder
Reinforced stainless steel bow eye
6" stainless steel deck cleats (2)
Stainless steel recessed cleats (2)
Finger pinch guard
Gate holder
Raised helm
Large fiberglass helm console with cooler and galley unit (sink, faucet and portable water tank)
Molded dash panel w/ woodgrain inserts and lighted switches
Tilt steering mechanism w/ sport steering wheel
200-watt Clarion M309 AM/FM/CD with USB port, MP3, iPod and SAT Radio Compatible
4 waterproof speakers ( 6 ½" )
Lowrance X-50 DS depth finder with water temperature
Electric horn
12V outlet
Push on/off console courtesy light
2 smoked windscreens
Instrumentation (5 gauges)
Tachometer, speedometer, voltmeter, trim and fuel gauges
Ultra plush and heavy weight upholstery
Soft touch vinyl "Reflections Collection"
Upholstered gate panels
Roto-Cast furniture bases and backs
Removable padded armrests trimmed in woodgrain w/ cup holders /pair
Luxury reclining captain's chair w/ slide & swivel
2 chaise lounges
Storage in chaise lounge's reclined section
2 storage pouches
Storage under all lounges
Large pop-up privacy enclosure
Stern woodgrain pedestal mount kidney-shape stern snack table with drink holders
Beige deluxe convertible buggy bimini top
Quick release bimini top latches and traveling struts
Canvas camper enclosure & mooring cover snap fasteners
The Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice.
475 Unwin Ave
Toronto, ON M4M 3M2


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If you are looking for a residential or commercial electrician in Montclair NJ and surrounding areas you can count on, look no further than O'Hara Electric. When you're searching for a company with industry experience, we have been in the business since 1963. Many things have changed in that time. However, you can still count us when it comes to supplying a high level of quality and customer service. We're capable of providing a broad range of top quality services for both residential and commercial customers, which is one of the reasons we're called so often. We're also fully insured and licensed. There's nobody else you've got to contact if you need a trusted commercial or residential electrician in Harrison NJ or other areas.
Electrician Harrison NJ
As a leading choice for a residential electrician in Montclair NJ and surrounding areas, we're capable of performing top quality lighting installations. The feeling that comes with coming home to a well lit property is something every homeowner deserves. Not only does this make your property brighter and more appealing visually, but it also makes it safer. Together with preventing trips and falls, this also deters crime. The installation of landscape lighting has a considerable impact on your curbside appeal, which means a higher property value. Don't hesitate to make O'Hara Electric your first call if you need a residential electrician near Harrison NJ for landscape lighting installations or other services.
Electricians Harrison NJ
Are you in need of a commercial electrician in Montclair NJ? It's important to find someone you're capable of relying on for quality work We're known for performing high quality corporate lighting installations for businesses of a wide range of sizes. Never underestimate the importance of lighting when it comes to your workplace's productivity and safety. O'Hara Electric is going to be there when you need us. We use highly energy efficient new LED lighting, which means your business can be more environmentally friendly while saving you a significant amount of money in the long run. Are you a business owner trying to find a commercial electrician near Harrison NJ? Discover why we're such a trusted choice by contacting us today.
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It is essential to partner with an experienced residential electrician near Montclair NJ to make sure you get your lighting precisely the way you'd like if you are looking to renovate your home. An increase in productivity in your workspace and improving your daily life are benefits of this service. We'll evaluate your space and make certain you have the lighting installation service you're in need of to enjoy your property. We can additionally help by installing lighting you've bought on your own. O'Hara Electric is standing ready if you are looking for a leading residential electrical company near Harrison NJ for high quality lighting installations.
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At O'Hara Electric we are the ideal choice when you're looking for a residential electrical company in Montclair NJ or surrounding areas to replace your knob and tube wiring. This was additionally called open wiring and was very popular from the 1900s to the late 1940s. However, some homes which are older may still have this type of wiring that has to be replaced for safety and efficiency issues. When you need a residential electrical company in Harrison NJ to perform knob and tube wiring replacement, we've the experience and skill at O'Hara Electric.
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Katah Chuki Shrine
Top Contributors: Brendan Graeber, Pameluh, Mudkip1430 + more
The Katah Chuki Shrine is one of the Shrines in the Central Hyrule Region of The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild.
- Location: Katah Chuki Shrine is located in the heart of the Quarry Ruins immediately Southwest of Hyrule Castle.
Katah Chuki Shrine Walkthrough - A Minor Test of Strength
This is a combat trial, instead of a typical puzzle shrine. You must defeat a Guardian Scout II armed with a spear. It only has 375 health. Dodge attacks and rush when you can.
Roughly half way through the fight, the tiny guardian will hunker down and spin a laser around. Back off and use the updraft to glide over the guardian and strike it down.
After defeating the guardian, go grab the chest containing a Royal Halberd and speak to Monk Katah Chuki for a spirit orb.


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1. Pose - Hotstar
One of the most gender-diverse shows on TV right now, Pose, celebrates the early years of drag culture in the US which leaves you both inspired and moved. It features a standout performances by queer icons Dominique Jackson and Billy Porter, for which the latter won an Emmy award.
2. David Letterman's interview with Shah Rukh Khan - Netflix
The much-awaited episode has a characteristically reflective Shah Rukh Khan talk about his journey to stardom, his relationship with his mother, early ambitions of becoming a journalist and an engineer (who'd have thunk), and what he thinks of Donald Trump.
3. The Politician - Netflix
Ryan Murphy's handsomely mounted show is a dark delight. About the naked ambition of a high school student who aspires to become the President of the United States, The Politician is both a satire and dark commentary on politics and what it takes to make it.
4. Succession - Hotstar
It's the perfect extended weekend to binge on Succession, the show everybody is tripping on, with one Twitter user going as far as calling it "the reason TV was invented." Loosely inspired by the Murdoch family, Succession is about the media moguls and their dramatic internal feuds.
5. The Laundromat - Netflix
Directed by Steven Soderbergh, The Laundromat features a star-studded cast that includes Meryl Streep, Sharon Stone, David Schwimmer, Gary Oldman, Antonio Banderas, and Jeffrey Wright. Loosely inspired by the Panama Papers scandal, the film has received mixed reviews, but is worth a watch for Streep's performance alone.
6. Modern Love - Amazon Prime Video
Adapted from the popular New York Times column, Modern Love is a reflective show that captures what it means to be in love today. Featuring Anne Hathaway, Dev Patel, Tina Fey, Andy Garcia, Andrew Scott among several others, this is a show you don't want to miss.


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The night winds were beginning their wild dances beyond the bar, and the fishing hamlet across the harbour was gemmed with lights as Anne and her husband Gilbert, finally a doctor, drove up the poplar lane. The door of the little house opened, and a warm glow of firelight flickered out into the dusk. Gilbert lifted Anne from the buggy and led her into the garden, through the little gate, up the trim, red path to the sandstone step. "Welcome home," he whispered, and hand in hand they stepped over the threshold of their house of dreams...and the story begins.
Click here to hear a sample of this audiobook
Read by Kelly Faulkner-Beck
Approx. 8.9 Hrs. Rated G


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I was sitting on the curb of the street in front of my house. It was a warm day and I had a plastic cup with gin and tonic. The ice was melting and I watched it wane in the glass like I was staring at a disappearing moon in its cycle.
"Something interesting in that cup?" It was a man's voice hardened by liquor and cigarettes. I looked up. The man was in a black Mustang with the window rolled down. There were hard etched lines on his face but there was something youthful and handsome about him. His hair was longish and wavy with small curls at ends.
"Just ice." I didn't smile.
"Ice is interesting?" He smiled.
"It is when it disappears." I shrugged and then sipped. The bite of gin was still strong.
The man stared at me. "We all disappear. We're all ice cubes melting into nothingness. You look interesting."
I laughed. "I'm like ice? Too warm to be ice."
"You're too hot." He was still smiling.
I laughed again. "No. My tits aren't big enough. My face isn't pretty enough."
"You seem perfect to me."
"Good line. I bet you get all the girls to swoon."
He stopped smiling. "It's not a line." He lit a cigarette. "Will go get a drink with me?"
"Are you a serial killer?"
"I hate cereal. I hate milk too. As long as we're talking about cereal."
I didn't laugh. "There's a bar two blocks from here."
"Get in the car."
"I don't know you. I'm going to walk there. Follow me."
He followed me slowly in his car. I knew he was watching me closely when he wasn't staring at the road. When I got to the bar, Stevie's Place, the man parked and got out. He was wearing jeans and boots. He was tall. Thin. But I thought he could do well in a fight.
"Are you staring at me?" he asked. He walked forward and moved a lock of hair from my clammy forehead. I felt a chill. Something fluttered in my spine. My limbs felt slack. I imagined myself beneath his weight in bed.
"Let's get a drink before we both disappear." I held his hand. It felt vaguely damp.
"If we disappear from this hard land together, it will be worth it. I can already feel my pain shrinking.
"I got pain too. You don't know anything yet."
"I want to know everything."
We got our drinks and when night tumbled recklessly across the desert sky we kissed and I knew this man would be my husband. So I told him everything and I cried. And he told me everything. The vulnerability was raw, crushing, and yet so tender. I found love on a warm spring night. When I woke up this morning, I thought the day would be shit. I was sad. Lonely. And now this single day was whittling away with a man who kissed suffering away. Don't let anybody tell you that you can't fall in love so quickly. You need only expose your soul and then life opens like those roses in my yard that somehow bloom overnight and then weep petals for the rest of their brief existence.


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The OD Shag Club board in keeping with our goal to promote the Shag decided to donate a 28" TV/ DVD combo and a shag dance video to the North Myrtle Beach Historical Museum. The museum had a corner dedicated to Shag Dancing but nothing to really explain what it was. Monica Powell worked with Chuck Stokes of Stage Videos to produce a video during our November party at Duck's. The video included all ages and stages of the dance, as well as shag history and music. Our demo dance team, four Jr. Shaggers, other members of the shag club and The National Shag Dance Champion entry were all featured. Monica Powell, Wendy Schultz, Karen Young, Peggy Christie and Paulette Broadway made the presentation to Jenean Todd, museum Director.
Sunday, January 18, 2015 provided the first opportunity to get together and begin the New Year for our club under the guidance of our new President, Wendy Schultz.
Wendy opened the morning with an update on future events planned for the next few weeks and months:
January 24th WINTER CLEAN SWEEP (Main Street) – 8:30AM OD Pavilion
February 3rd BOARD MEETING @ Fat Harold's – 6:00PM
February 21st OYSTER ROAST @ OD Arcade – 6:00PM
March 3rd BOARD MEETING @ Fat Harold's – 6:00PM
March 14th ST. PATRICK'S DAY PARADE @ 2nd Avenue North – 9:00AM
March 21st IRISH EXTRAVAGANZA – Details – To Be Announced
The Hospitality Group Co-chairpersons, (Cindy Day and Judie Shepard), began welcoming members and guests @ 8:30AM and "Liquid Sunshine" began serving at 10:00. Attendance numbers were 175 members and 16 guests.
Thanks to Donnie Schultz, (Food Committee Chairman), along with Chris & Pam at OD Arcade, who provided the usual great brunch of scrambled eggs, grits, bacon, sausage, biscuits and fruit. Thanks also to the 2015 OD Shag Club board members for serving everyone, with plenty available for all attendees.
Thanks also to our Entertainment Committee Co-chairpersons (Kathy McCoy and Deborah Scardaccione) along with Lee Anderson, and our event DJ Murl Augustine for providing our entertainment of Line Dance instruction.
Looking forward to seeing everyone at our next social event "The World Famous OYSTER ROAST" – February 21st 6:00PM @ OD Arcade.
MERRY CHRISTMAS!! Well another year has come and gone so the ODShag Club had there last party in the year 2014. We went out with a bang! Everybody was dressed in his or her Festive Attire looking for Santa. I am sure everyone was good little boys and girls.
Karen Young our past president started off the party by giving awards to those members that severed on the various boards and chairs. You can find all the pictures of the event on our website.
Once again we used the color-coded tickets to feed all of our members, which seems to be working for our hungry crew. As usual Heidi Cross our Chair and her Co-Chair Jenean Todd did a fabulous job feeding our members. The party was catered by T-bone steak house that provided: Lemon Pepper Chicken with white cream sauce, sliced roast pork with brown gravy, scalloped potatoes, seasoned green beans, and sweet corn. It was worth the wait!!
We did not have any entertainment, however, Linda Campbell our Entertainment Co-Chair shared a reading "Yes Virginia There Is A Santa Claus".
All thru the evening, Ray Scott did his thing by playing such good sounds that it was hard to sit down. It was good to see every one dancing and staying until the party was over.
Now the part that we like to recognize those individuals who work so hard to make our Club what it is:
Officers:——————————-Board Members: Bill Bacon
Karen Young President ——————–Paulette Broadway
Wendy Schultz Vice President————Peggy Christi
Monica Powell Secretary——————-Lou Martino
Lou Garrenton Treasury——————–Howard Stalling
We would also like to thank all of the Chairs and Co-Chairs for their hard work and dedication.
The party atmosphere was kept festive with the help from our great bartenders: Shannon, Terry, Brenda and Debbie.
The OD Shag club would like to give a Special Thanks to Howard Worley and of course "The Fat Man".
Happy New Year To All And To All A Good Night!


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Playing Card Faces for whatever game you play, since we have a style card deck for you.
Choose from 16 Styles of Playing Card Faces – For Custom Personalized Playing Cards, We have many Playing card faces styles for your Customized or Personalized Playing card decks. As a result, there is one for everybody!
No one offers more options than we do.
With so many card games to play and so many groups of friends you play with, choose a card style that fits your game. If playing cards with family or friends pick a style to suit them while making them with your custom graphic. Girls poker night, our Pink Poker style cards is very popular.
Something new and fresh, try our art deco cards which are easily to read and colorful. Therefore, once you have picked a special image or message for the card backs pick any style you'd prefer. Poker players most often will use a standard poker deck while others choose the Look See style.
Jumbo index is available and they are easy to read and fun to play with. So grab your favorite and play a more exciting game using a customized deck especially made for you.
Questions about what we offer will answered quickly by emailing us or calling 1-800-364-3201
- Poker Style Decks– These are the standard style
- Jumbo Index– Large pips make them easy to see
- 4 Color Decks– The suit colors on these are black, red, blue and green
- Bridge Style– Made the same size as poker cards with suits in all 4 corners
- Pinochle– The deck Includes 48 cards from Aces to 9
- JUMBO Pinochle– Same as above with enlarged pips
- Old Fish– A game for kids, combines 2 favorites, old maid and go fish
- Canasta– These have the points on then to play
- Rook– Made to play Rook- Not available in Plastic
- Lo-Vision– Designed by an Optometrist
- Pink Poker – The girls love these, pink and black suits
- LottoLucky – Play any game with these and randomly use to pick lotto numbers
- Look SEE – As seen on the TV poker tourneys
- Inside Out– We swapped up the suit colors
- Art Deco jumbo- Cool art and extra large card ID's
- Uno Style – Our "Dos" deck made to play uno


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NOELLE can be worn stacked or alone.
To ensure that your product remains in the best possible condition over an extended period of time, please review below to avoid damage:
Store your jewellery in the original packaging or a soft pouch to avoid scratches.
Avoid contact with water.
Remove jewellery before washing hands, swimming, and/or applying products (e.g. perfume, hairspray, soap, or lotion), as this could harm the metal and reduce the life of the plating, as well as cause discoloration and loss of stone brilliance.
Avoid hard contact (i.e. knocking against objects) that can scratch or chip the stones.


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Winter at Limberlost Woodturning
I enjoy the quiet solitude of winter in my workshop and the freedom I have to create bowls and platters from the more extraordinary burls in my stock. I never know what I will find inside the gnarled and flawed surface of the burls and it is always a pleasure to reveal the beauty of nature.
I am preparing for the 2019 Artists of the Limberlost Open Studio Tour which is on August 17 and 18 from 10 am to 5 pm. We have 6 local studios in our Limberlost community, with artists and guests who will welcome you into their studios and show you their art and newest creations.
The process of turning a raw burl into the fine finished bowl or platter is displayed during our tour. Guests love to see the technique and artistry of woodturning and often have questions about my tools and methods. I love to show my stock of raw burls and my work at the lathe to people who have some experience with turning. Taking a piece of Muskoka art home and adding a bowl, platter or table to your collection of art is much more meaningful when you have met the maker, learned about the art and seen how your treasure was made.
Here are a few photos of my most recent bowls and platters. I hope to see you at the Artists of the Studio Tour in August or contact me directly at email@example.com to make an appointment to visit me in my woodshop.