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Materials Research
Print version ISSN 1516-1439
Mat. Res. vol.14 no.2 São Carlos 2011 Epub June 03, 2011
Properties of high-workability concrete with recycled concrete aggregate
Md. SafiuddinI,*; Ubagaram Johnson AlengaramII; Md. Abdus SalamII; Mohd Zamin JumaatII; Fahrol Fadhli JaafarII; Hawa Binti SaadII
IDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
IIDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
This study presents the effects of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on the key fresh and hardened properties of concrete. RCA was used to produce high-workability concrete substituting 0-100% natural coarse aggregate (NCA) by weight. The slump and slump flow of fresh concretes were determined to ensure high workability. In addition, the compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity, and permeable voids of hardened concretes were determined. The test results revealed that RCA significantly decreased the workability of concrete. RCA also affected the compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and permeable voids of concrete. At the age of 28 days, the concrete with 100% RCA provided 12.2% lower compressive strength and 17.7% lesser modulus of elasticity than the control concrete. Also, 100% RCA increased the permeable voids of 28-day old concrete by 8.2%. However, no significant negative impact of RCA was observed on the flexural and splitting tensile strengths of concrete.
Keywords: hardened properties, natural coarse aggregate, recycled concrete aggregate, workability
1. Introduction
Construction developments are on its peak in the 21st century around the globe. There are numerous sky-scrapers, bridges, roads, underground tunnels, and deep-water structures all over the world. As well, there are many other types of structure being constructed every year. To accommodate new structures, many structures built in the past centuries are being demolished and destroyed due to their limit of life span, unsuitable position in an ever-growing city, and damaged condition caused by natural disaster. The demolition of structures is generating concrete rubbles and causing environmental problems due to unplanned disposal and scarcity of landfill site. A large portion of the potentially useful demolition waste is disposed of in landfill site. The transport and disposal of this waste are economically and environmentally not sustainable. The similar problems are caused by the tested field-cast and excess concretes, which can be categorized under construction waste. In addition, the harvesting of aggregates for construction is depleting the natural sources and damaging the ecological balance. The quarrying activities and processes involved in the harvesting of virgin aggregates are also polluting the environment. To alleviate these problems, nowadays alternative aggregates are drawing more interest in the construction industry. In recent years, the rubbles generated from the demolition of old concrete structures1, the unused concrete returned from construction site2, and the concrete tested in laboratory or field3,4 have been recycled as aggregate and reused for new construction in many regions of the world. The aggregates processed from concrete rubbles, returned concrete, and tested concrete are well known as recycled concrete aggregate (RCA).
The major benefits of using RCA in new construction include lower environmental pollution, reduction in the need for valuable landfill space, and conservation of resources for natural aggregates1,4,5. Moreover, the use of RCA can be more economical than natural coarse aggregate (NCA) due to lower transportation cost and reduced energy consumption5,6. This is because the transportation cost can be decreased due to the availability of RCA near to the construction sites. The energy needed for obtaining RCA is also much less than that required for the harvesting and processing of NCA.
Using RCA in concrete is economically and environmentally viable. However, RCA obtained from crushing of old concrete can exhibit inconsistent properties depending on the composition, particularly the water to cement (W/C) ratio and cement content of the original concrete. The quality of RCA is generally inferior to that of NCA7. RCA contains not only the original aggregate, but also hydrated cement paste adhered to the surface of this aggregate. This paste makes RCA more porous than NCA. The higher porosity of RCA leads to a higher porosity and water absorption in concrete8. Also, RCA can contain various contaminants such as chlorides, sulphates, carbonates, organic matters, etc., depending on the source of parent concrete. Despite the inferior quality of RCA, many researchers have shown that it can be a reliable alternative of NCA in construction, particularly for non-structural or lower level application1,9,10. Levy and Helene11 as well as Poon et al.12 have graded RCA as potentially good for use in new concrete. Properly processed RCA can be used in new concrete for pavements, shoulders, barriers, embankments, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, and bridge foundations; it can also be used in structural grade concrete, bituminous concrete, and soil-cement pavement bases8. However, the RCA obtained from demolished concrete must be strictly scrutinized to pass the acceptability criteria set in relevant specifications for a particular use. It is generally recommended that RCA should have a total contaminant level lower than 1% of the bulk mass13.
The concrete rubbles generated from demolished old buildings, and removed or demolished infrastructures such as bridges, pavements, and airport runways are the major sources of RCA1,14. In addition to the demolition concrete wastes, the excess concrete returned to the ready-mixed plant2 and the rejected precast concrete elements15 are the significant sources of RCA. The tested laboratory-cast3 and field-cast4 concrete specimens are also the considerable sources of RCA. The construction industry normally uses six cube or cylinder specimens for testing the compressive strength of concrete from a mixture truck. An average of 2-4 m3 of concrete is used from 1000 m3 concrete pour for fabricating concrete test specimens4. After testing, these concrete specimens are discarded, thus increasing the dosposal load for landfill site. Instead of disposing, the tested field-cast concrete specimens can be crushed and recycled as RCA to produce concrete in an economically and environment-friendly viable way. Furthermore, the tested field-cast concrete specimens provide RCA with a much lower level of contaminants, thus making it more attarctive due to a greater degree of acceptability.
The RCA obtained from the above-stated sources has mostly been used to produce ordinary or normal-workability concrete1-6,9,11-15. In contrast, limited studies have been carried out to produce high-workability concrete using the RCA obtained from tested field-cast concrete and other sources. In this research, the RCA obtained from the tested field-cast concrete specimens was used to produce high-workability concrete substituting 0, 30, 50, 70 and 100% NCA by weight. The slump and slump flow of freshly mixed concretes were determined to ensure high workability. In addition, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and permeable voids of hardened concretes were determined to observe the effects of RCA.
2. Research Significance
Construction and demolition wastes generated from demolished buildings and infrastructures form one of the largest waste streams in many developed countries. The excess and tested concretes also constitute a considerable portion of construction waste, particularly in developing countries. The recycling of construction and demolition wastes as RCA resolves disposal problem, reduces landfill space, conserves natural resources, decreases transport costs, diminishes environmental pollution, and protects ecological balance. This study reports the use of RCA obtained from the tested field-cast concrete specimens to produce new concrete. The experimental research has emphasized the effects of coarse RCA on a range of fresh (slump, slump flow), mechanical (compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity), and durability (permeable voids) properties, and thus assessed its suitability for use in high-workability concrete. The research findings are expected to encourage the sustainable development by using RCA in structural and non-structural concretes.
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
Crushed granite stone (5 mm < aggregate size < 20 mm), RCA (5 mm < aggregate size < 20 mm), quartz river sand (size < 5 mm), ordinary portland cement (OPC), a polycarboxylate based high-range water reducer (HRWR), and normal tap water (W) were used to produce the concretes. Crushed granite stone was used as NCA and quartz river sand (S) was used as fine aggregate (FA). The tested Grade 30 concrete cubes obtained from I-Mix Concrete Sdn. Bhd., Selangor, Malaysia were the source of RCA. The cubes were hammered and then the crushed fine and coarse particles were separated by 5-mm sieve. The coarse RCA particles with a nominal maximum size of 20 mm were collected and used as coarse aggregate. NCA, RCA and FA or S collectively formed the skeleton of total aggregates (TA). OPC acted to bind the aggregates after reacting with water, whereas HRWR functioned to maintain high workability. The specific gravity of cement was 3.12 and that of HRWR was 1.06. The HRWR used was in liquid state and had a solid content of 13.5%.
The sieve analysis of NCA, RCA, and FA was carried out according to BS 812-103.116 to check whether they meet the BS grading requirements, and to determine their fineness modulus. The gradation (size distribution) of NCA and RCA is presented in Figure 1. It can be seen from Figure 1 that RCA did not strictly meet the BS grading requirement for coarse aggregate as specified in BS 88217. The size fraction passing 10-mm sieve was below the specified lower limit. It suggests that RCA contained a lower fraction of fine particles. A higher fineness modulus of RCA also suggests that it had lesser fine particles than NCA.
The RCA obtained from crushed field-cast concrete cubes was more angular and had more surface roughness than NCA, as noticed during visual inspection (Figure 2). Also, the surface of RCA was more porous due to adhered cement paste. The key physical properties of RCA, NCA and FA are given in Table 1. The moisture content of NCA, RCA and FA was determined according to BS 812-10918. The open porosity of RCA and NCA was determined based on the cold-water method described in ASTM C 642-0619. The angularity of RCA and NCA was quantified in accordance with BS 812-120. The specific gravity, bulk density and water absorption of all aggregates were determined according to BS 812-221. The aggregate impact value of both RCA and NCA was determined following the test procedure given in BS 812-11222. RCA had higher open porosity and water absorption than NCA due to porous surface. The angularity number of RCA was 9.50 and that of NCA was 7.50. Hence, RCA was more angular than NCA. RCA was also lighter than NCA. This is because the specific gravity and bulk density of RCA were lower than those of NCA. In addition, RCA was weaker than NCA and therefore provided a relatively high aggregate impact value. Thus, the physical properties of RCA were significantly different from those of NCA. Similar differences between the physical properties RCA and NCA were reported from earlier research23,24.
3.2. Concrete mix proportions
Nine (9) trial concrete mixes using NCA were prepared with different W/C ratios (0.50, 0.60, and 0.65) and HRWR dosages to ensure high-workability. The basic mix proportions (without HRWR dosage) of these concretes were determined based on the British DoE (Department of Environment) mix design method25. From the trial concrete mixes, a suitable control mix (0% RCA) satisfying the requirements for high workability (slump > 250 mm, slump flow > 500 mm) was decided. The W/C ratio, S/A (FA/TA) ratio and HRWR dosage of the selected control mix was 0.60, 0.50 and 1.5% (by weight of cement), respectively.
Using the same W/C ratio, S/A ratio and HRWR dosage of control concrete, four different concretes were designed with RCA substituting 30, 50, 70 and 100% NCA by weight. The W/C ratio, S/A ratio and HRWR dosage of these concretes were kept the same as used in the control mix to observe the effects of RCA on the concrete properties. The basic mix proportions of these concretes were calculated based on the absolute volume of constituent materials and 2% entrapped air content. Before preparing the concretes, the basic mix proportions were corrected considering the water absorption and moisture content of aggregates, and the water contribution of HRWR. The corrected mix proportions of control and RCA concretes are given in Table 2. The concretes were designated based on the RCA content. For example, the CRCA50 designation was used for a concrete including 50% RCA as a partial replacement of NCA.
3.3. Preparation and testing of fresh concretes
A rotary pan mixer was used to prepare the concretes. The mixer was dampened to prevent the loss of mix water during mixing. Coarse and fine aggregates were put in the mixer pan and homogenized for 1 minute in dry condition. The mixer was covered with a lid to prevent dust from fluttering. Then the first half of the mix water was added into the mixer and the mixing was continued for 1 minute. Thereafter, the mixer was stopped for 1 minute to allow the absorption of water into aggregates. Then the cement was added and the mixing was resumed for another 1 minute. Later the second half of the mix water blended with HRWR dosage was introduced and the mixing was continued for 2 minutes followed by 2 minutes rest. Finally, the concrete was mixed for additional 2 minutes to complete the mixing operation. The net mixing time excluding the rest periods was 7 minutes.
Immediately after the completion of mixing, the slump and slump flow of fresh concretes were determined to ensure high workability. The slump test was carried out in accordance with BS 1881-10226. Using the same sample that collapsed during the slump test, the slump flow was also determined by measuring the largest and corresponding perpendicular diameters of concrete spread. The slump flow was determined to clearly observe the effect of RCA on the workability of concrete.
3.4. Preparation of test specimens and testing of hardened concretes
Cube, prism and cylinder specimens were cast after testing the fresh concretes. 100 mm cubes, Ø100 × 200 mm cylinders, and 100 × 100 × 500 mm prisms were cast in two layers, instead of three layers, due to relatively high workability. However, Ø150 × 300 mm cylinder specimens were cast in three layers because of a larger depth. In all cases, multi-use metal (cast iron) moulds were used. The specimens were de-moulded at the age of 1 day and immersed in water for curing until the day of testing. At the day of testing, several Ø100 × 200 mm cylinder specimens were cut to prepare Ø100 × 50 mm cylinders needed for testing the permeable voids of concrete. While cutting, thin sections from top and bottom were discarded to minimize the end effects. Three Ø100 × 50 mm cylinder specimens were obtained from each Ø100 × 200 mm cylinder.
The compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths, static modulus of elasticity, and permeable voids of hardened concretes were examined at the age of 7 and 28 days. The compressive strength test was performed in accordance with BS1881-11627 using 100 mm cube specimens. The splitting tensile strength test was carried out according to BS 1881-11728 using Ø150 × 300 mm cylinder specimens. The test procedure given in BS1881-11829 was used to determine the flexural strength using 100 × 100 × 500 mm prisms. The static modulus of elasticity was determined in accordance with BS 1881-12130 using Ø150 × 300 mm cylinders. The permeable voids were determined by testing Ø100 × 50 mm cylinder specimens according to the test procedure described in Safiuddin and Hearn31. Triplicate specimens were used in all tests.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Fresh properties
4.1.1. Workability
The workability of concrete was evaluated with respect to slump and slump flow. The slump ranged from 255 to 275 mm, which indicate a high workability of concrete. The slump flow results also reveal that the concretes were highly workable. In this study, the slump flow varied in the range of 505-620 mm. High-workability concrete generally provides a slump higher than 200 mm and a slump flow greater than 500 mm32. Adequate HRWR dosage was used to maintain high workability. The polycarboxylate-based HRWR dispersed the cement particles by its steric hindrance effect induced by long grafted side-chain, thus reducing the loss of water due to entrapping in cement flocks. Therefore more free water was available in freshly mixed concrete to maintain high workability.
The use of RCA decreased the slump and slump flow of concrete, as can be seen from Figures 3 and 4, respectively. In general, the overall slump and slump flow results reveal that a higher RCA content produced a lower workability. Similar results were observed in earlier research on normal-workability concrete3,15,23. This is credited to the physical characteristics of RCA particles. The RCA used in the present study was more angular and porous, and much rougher than NCA due to the adhered cement paste. The rough-textured RCA particles increased the harshness of concrete mix, and thus decreased its workability, particularly at a greater content. In addition, the deficient gradation of RCA contributed to decrease the workability of concrete. The RCA had much coarse but less fine particles than NCA (Figure 1). The dispersion of aggregates consisting of relatively a high content of coarse particles can be lower due to increased inter-particle collisions33. The loss of cement paste into the surface pores of RCA also decreased the workability of concrete.
Among four RCA concretes, 30 and 50% RCA contents provided slightly better slump and slump flow than 70 and 100% RCA contents. This is highly credited to the reduced contents of fine and coarse aggregates (refer to Table 2). The deformability of concrete improves at a lower aggregate content34. However, this effect was nullified in case of 70 and 100% RCA contents due to the adverse physical characteristics (angularity, surface roughness, open porosity, etc.) of RCA. Therefore, the lowest level of workability was observed for the concretes including 70 and 100% RCA contents.
4.2. Hardened properties
The hardened properties reported in this study are for the concretes including coarse RCA, which was obtained from a single source. Similar results with identical trends are expected for the other sources of RCA whose physical properties are equivalent to the physical properties of RCA used in the present study.
4.2.1. Compressive strength
The test results for the 7 and 28 days compressive strengths of concretes are presented in Figure 5. This figure shows that the 28 days compressive strength was higher than the 7 days compressive strength. This is due to the increased amount of hydration products with the longer curing age. However, the increase in compressive strength was not very significant at the age of 28 days. The 7-day compressive strength is generally 60-80% of the 28-day compressive strength in the case of normal concrete cured under standard moist or water curing35-36. In this study, the maximum increase in the compressive strength at 28 days was only about 13.2% as compared with 7 days compressive strength. A similar result was obtained in an earlier research31. The concretes produced in the present study contained comparatively high cement content at a higher W/C ratio. The recommended minimum cement content is 270 kg.m-3 for normal strength high-workability concrete37. The cement content used in the present study was 342 kg.m-3, which is relatively high. A high cement content contributes to produce a greater early-age compressive strength38. In addition, high-workability concrete generally provides a greater early-age compressive strength than normal-workability concrete due to enhanced strength development and better compactability39. The results of permeable voids (see Section 4.2.5.) also suggest that the pore structure of concrete was not improved at the age of 28 days due to relatively less additional hydration products and leaching out of portlandite (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2). Therefore, no significant improvement in the microstructure of concrete occurred after 7 days to produce a substantially greater compressive strength at 28 days.
RCA had no significant negative impact on the compressive strength of concrete, as evident from Figure 5. The concretes with and without RCA provided a similar compressive strength, except for 100% RCA. The concrete with 100% RCA provided a lower compressive strength than the control concrete, particularly at 28 days. However, the reduction in the 28-day compressive strength observed in the present study was only 12.2% in comparison with the control concrete. A similar finding was reported in the case of normal-workability RCA concrete2,3,40. Although RCA was inferior to NCA due to porous surface caused by adhered cement paste, it did not significantly decrease the compressive strength of concrete. This is due to a better interfacial bond between aggregate and cement paste in the presence of rough RCA6,9. In addition, a better interlocking of aggregates can be obtained because of angular RCA. These two effects may contribute to counterbalance the decrease in compressive strength due to less strong RCA. It is apparent from Table 1 that RCA was more angular than NCA. Also, a visual inspection of coarse aggregates revealed that RCA had a greater surface roughness than NCA (refer to Figure 2). Both of these properties are conducive to the compressive strength of concrete. Nevertheless, the weakness of RCA due to porous adhered cement paste prevailed over its surface roughness and angularity at 100% RCA, thus showing a decrease in the compressive strength of concrete. In addition, the deficient gradation of RCA contributed to provide a lower compressive strength by affecting the physical packing of concrete at a lower workability.
4.2.2. Flexural strength
The test results for the flexural strength of concrete are presented in Figure 6. In general, 28 days flexural strength was greater than 7 days flexural strength. The maximum increase in the flexural strength at 28 days was 17.3% as compared with 7 days flexural strength. This is due to the additional hydration products, as mentioned in the case of compressive strength. It is also obvious from Figure 6 that RCA did not produce any significant negative impact on the flexural strength of concrete. Identical results were noticed in earlier research on normal-workability RCA concrete3,15. It is due to the similar reasons as discussed in the case of compressive strength. The aggregate characteristics (surface roughness, angularity, etc.) of RCA contribute to produce better interfacial bond and mechanical interlocking. In addition, the coarse aggregates are generally oriented with their larger dimension along the length of the prism specimen. It implies that the interfacial bond is more effective along the specimen length. Therefore, a greater restraint to the flexure (bending) occurred, thus compensating the negative impact of the weakness of RCA on the modulus of rupture (flexural strength) of concrete. As a result, the comparable flexural strength was obtained for the concretes with and without RCA.
4.2.3. Splitting tensile strength
The results for the splitting tensile strength are shown in Figure 7. This figure shows that 28 days splitting tensile strength was significantly greater than 7 days splitting tensile strength. The maximum increase in the splitting tensile strength at 28 days was 40.3% in comparison with 7 days splitting tensile strength. The increase in 28 days splitting tensile strength was relatively high in the presence of RCA. It is due to the combined effect of increased hydration products and favourable physical characteristics of RCA. Figure 7 also reveals that RCA produced no significant negative impact on the splitting tensile strength of concrete, particularly at the age of 28 days. Similar findings were reported from earlier research on normal-workability RCA concrete9,15,24. This is because of the similar reasons as discussed in the cases of compressive and flexural strengths. An equivalent or better splitting tensile strength can be obtained in the presence of RCA owing to good interfacial bond between aggregate and mortar matrix9. Also, Tavakoli and Soroushian41 mentioned that the splitting tensile strength can be higher for RCA concrete if the RCA is derived from a concrete, which was produced for a compressive strength higher than that of control concrete. In the present study, the parent concrete of RCA and control concrete had identical compressive strength. Hence, the RCA concretes produced in this study are not expected to provide a higher splitting tensile strength than the control (non-RCA) concrete. Indeed, the present study shows that there was some decrease in the splitting tensile strength at the age of 7 days. This may be due to the reason that the immature concrete was weaker in the facture plane because of porous microstructure in the presence of RCA. Nevertheless, this effect became less detrimental with the maturity of concrete. As a result, the 28 days splitting tensile strength was comparable for the concretes with and without RCA (refer to Figure 7).
4.2.4. Modulus of elasticity
The test results for the modulus of elasticity of concretes are presented in Figure 8. These results are consistent with the strength results. A higher modulus of elasticity is generally obtained with a greater strength. Therefore, the modulus of elasticity at 28 days was higher than that at 7 days. However, the increase in the modulus of elasticity was not as significant as the increases in flexural and splitting tensile strengths. The maximum increase in 28 days modulus of elasticity was 11.8% in comparison with 7 days modulus of elasticity. The reasons are the same as explained before in the cases of strength properties.
The effect of RCA on the modulus of elasticity of concrete is evident from Figure 8. This figure shows that relatively low values of modulus of elasticity were obtained for the RCA concretes. This is because RCA was more porous and less strong than NCA (see Table 1). The modulus of elasticity decreased with the increase in RCA content. Similar results were obtained in earlier studies on normal-workability RCA concrete2,15. In the present study, the lowest modulus of elasticity at both ages was obtained for the concrete with 100% RCA. In this case, the reduction in the 28-day modulus of elasticity was 17.7% as compared with the control concrete. According to Hansen42, the modulus of elasticity of RCA concrete can be 15-50% lower than that of non-RCA concrete. Also, Aïtcin and Mehta43 reported that the concrete produced with less strong aggregates possesses a lower modulus of elasticity.
The modulus of elasticity of concrete is influenced by the moduli of hardened cement paste and aggregate. In the present study, the effect of the modulus of elasticity of hardened cement paste was unlikely, since the paste parameters (paste volume, W/C ratio, cement content, and water content) remained the same for all concretes. It suggests that the modulus of elasticity of combined aggregates affected the modulus of elasticity of concrete due to the presence of RCA. Since RCA is more porous and less strong than NCA, it would have a lower modulus of elasticity15. A lower modulus of elasticity of aggregate decreases the modulus of elasticity of concrete36. As a result, the RCA concretes exhibited a lower modulus of elasticity.
4.2.5. Permeable voids
The permeable voids of different concretes are presented in Figure 9. In general, no reduction in the permeable voids of concrete occurred after 7 days. In fact, the 28 days permeable voids slightly increased in all cases. The compressive strength results suggest that no significant pore refinement occurred after 7 days due to the relatively high W/C ratio. The volume of capillary pores and their connectivity significantly increase for a W/C ratio greater than 0.4044,45. It suggests that the pore connectivity was substantially higher at the W/C ratio of 0.60 used in the present study. The increased pore connectivity enhanced the leaching out of portlandite (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, which is liberated from cement hydration) from the specimens immersed in water. Also, no saturated lime water was used during curing; it accelerated the leaching out of portlandite, thus leaving some pores in concrete. Consequently, there was no decrease in the permeable voids of concrete at the age of 28 days.
The permeable voids of concrete gradually increased with the increase in RCA content, as evident from Figure 9. The highest level of permeable voids was obtained for the concrete with 100% RCA. At the age of 28 days, it provided 8.2% more permeable voids than the control (non-RCA) concrete. Limited research investigated the effect of RCA on the permeable voids of concrete. However, a number of published papers reported that the absorption and permeability properties of concrete increase in the presence of RCA2,9,15. These findings suggest that the RCA concrete possesses a higher volume of permeable voids. The increase in the permeable voids is mostly due to the higher porosity of RCA. The RCA contained adhered cement paste, which makes the RCA porous and thereby increases the overall porosity of concrete. As a result, the measured permeable voids at both ages were greater for the RCA concretes.
5. Conclusions
RCA can overcome the shortage of NCA, eliminate the harvesting cost of NCA, and reduce the construction and demolition wastes in landfill site. In addition, it will eradicate the transportation cost for gathering NCA to construction site, and for disposing the construction and demolition wastes to landfill site. RCA was used in the present study as partial and full replacements of NCA to produce high-workability concretes. The effects of RCA on the workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and permeable voids of concrete were investigated. The following conclusions can be drawn based on the findings of the experimental investigation:
1. RCA reduced the workability of concrete; the decreases in slump and slump flow were higher at a greater RCA content. The angular and rough-textured RCA particles increased the harshness of concrete mix, and thus decreased its slump and slump flow. In addition, the deficient gradation of RCA was partly responsible to reduce the workability of concrete;
2. In general, no significant improvement in compressive strength and modulus of elasticity occurred at the age of 28 days, as the concretes were produced with relatively a high W/C ratio. Also, the leaching out of portlandite during water curing may be partly responsible for no significant improvement in these two hardened properties after 7 days. Due to the similar reasons, no decrease in the permeable voids of concrete occurred at the age of 28 days;
3. RCA produced no significant adverse effect on the compressive strength of concrete; the maximum decrease in 28 days compressive strength was only 12.2% for 100% RCA. Although RCA was weaker than NCA and had a deficient gradation, the enhanced interfacial bond and mechanical interlocking contributed to overcome these drawbacks, thus producing no substantial negative impact on compressive strength;
4. The flexural strength of concrete was not affected in the presence of RCA due to the better mechanical interlocking and interfacial bond resulting from angular and rough-textured RCA. Also, a greater restraint to the flexure (bending) occurred due to more effective interfacial bond along the specimen length;
5. The splitting tensile strength of concrete at the age of 28 days was not affected in the presence of RCA, particularly at the age of 28 days. This is due to the enhanced mechanical interlocking and interfacial bond produced by the increased angularity and surface roughness of RCA;
6. The modulus of elasticity of concrete decreased when RCA was used as a partial or full replacement of NCA; a higher RCA content caused a greater decrease in the modulus of elasticity. This is attributed to the lower elastic modulus of RCA, since it was weaker and more porous than NCA;
7. The permeable voids of concrete increased with the increase in RCA content. This is mostly credited to the higher porosity of RCA; the adhered cement paste made the RCA porous and thus increased the overall permeable voids of concrete; and
8. RCA can be used in producing new concrete with acceptable fresh and hardened properties, thus encouraging the sustainable development.
The authors are grateful to I-Mix Concrete Sdn. Bhd., Selangor, Malaysia for providing the tested field-cast concrete cubes, which were used to obtain RCA. The authors are also thankful to Sika Kimia Sdn. Bhd. for the supply of HRWR used in the research.
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14. Anderson KW, Uhlmeyer JS, Russell M. Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate in PCCP: Literature Search. Washington: Washington State Department of Transportation; 2009. Special Report WA-RD 726.1. [ Links ]
15. Malešev M, Radonjanin V, Marinkovic S. Recycled concrete as aggregate for structural concrete production. Sustainability. 2010; 2(5):1204-1225.
16. British Standards Institution. BS 812-103.1: Testing aggregates-part 103: methods for determination of particle size distribution-section 103.1: sieve tests. London: British Standards Institution; 1985. [ Links ]
17. British Standards Institution. BS 882: Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete. London: British Standards Institution; 1992. [ Links ]
18. British Standards Institution. BS 812-109: Testing aggregates-part 109: methods for determination of moisture content. London: British Standards Institution; 1990. [ Links ]
19. American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM C 642-06: Standard test method for desnity, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials; 2006. [ Links ]
20. British Standards Institution. BS 812-1: Testing aggregates-part 1: methods for determination of particle size and shape. London: British Standards Institution; 1975. [ Links ]
21. British Standards Institution. BS 812-2: Testing aggregates-part 2: methods of determination of density. London: British Standards Institution; 1995. [ Links ]
22. British Standards Institution. BS 812-112: Testing aggregates-part 112: methods for determination of aggregate impact value. London: British Standards Institution; 1990. [ Links ]
23. Topçu IB, Sengel S. 2002. Properties of concrete produced with waste concrete aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research. 2002; 34(8):1307-1312. [ Links ]
24. Gonzalez FB, Martinez AF. Concrete with aggregates from demolition waste and silica fume. Materials and mechanical properties. Building and Environment. 2006; 43:429-437. [ Links ]
25. British Department of the Environment - DoE. Design of normal concrete mixes. Watford: British Department of the Environment, The Building Research and Establishment (BRE) Publication; 1975. [ Links ]
26. British Standards Institution. BS 1881-102: Testing concrete-part 102: method for determination of slump. London: British Standards Institution; 1983. [ Links ]
27. British Standards Institution. BS 1881-116: Testing concrete-part 116: method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes. London: British Standards Institution; 1983. [ Links ]
28. British Standards Institution. BS 1881-117: Testing concrete-part 117: method for determination of tensile splitting strength. London: British Standards Institution; 1983. [ Links ]
29. British Standards Institution. BS 1881-118: Testing concrete-part 118: method for determination of flexural strength. London: British Standards Institution; 1983. [ Links ]
30. British Standards Institution. BS 1881-121: Testing concrete-part 121: method for determination of static modulus of elasticity in compression. London: British Standards Institution; 1983. [ Links ]
31. Safiuddin Md, Hearn N. Comparison of ASTM saturation techniques for measuring the permeable porosity of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 2005; 35(5):1008-1013. [ Links ]
32. Zain MFM, Safiuddin Md, Yusof KM. A study on the properties of freshly mixed high performance concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 1999; 29(9):1427-1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00108-8 [ Links ]
33. Safiuddin Md. Development of Self-consolidating High Performance Concrete Incorporating Rice Husk Ash. [Ph.D. Thesis]. Waterloo: University of Waterloo; 2008. [ Links ]
34. Safiuddin Md, West JS, Soudki KA. Self-Consolidating High Performance Concrete with Rice Husk Ash: Components, Properties, and Mixture Design. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Publishing House Ltd.; 2009. [ Links ]
35. Mindess S, Young JF, Darwin D. Concrete. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2003. [ Links ]
36. Neville AM. Properties of Concrete. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1996. [ Links ]
37. Japanese Society of Civil Engineering - JSCE. Guide to Construction of Flowing Concrete. Tokyo, Japan: Gihoudou Publication; 1998. [ Links ]
38. Rodden RA, Lange DA, Grasley ZC. Guiding Principles for the Optimization of the OMP PCC Mix Design. Illinois: Centre of Excellence for Airport Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign; 2005. Technical note, no. 12. [ Links ]
39. Sukumar S, Nagamani K, Raghavan RS. Evaluation of strength at early-ages of self-compacting concrete with high volume fly ash. Construction and Building Materials. 2008; 22(7):1394-1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.005 [ Links ]
40. Rasheeduzzafar IB, Khan A. Recycled concrete - a source of new concrete. ASTM Cement, Concrete and Aggregates. 1984; 6(1):17-27. [ Links ]
41. Tavakoli M, Soroushian P. Strengths of recycled aggregate concrete made using field-demolished concrete as aggregate. ACI Materials Journal. 1996; 93(2):182-190. [ Links ]
42. Hansen TC. Recycled aggregates and recycled aggregate concrete. Second state-of-the-art report, developments 1945-1985. Materials and Structures. 1986; 19(3):201-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02472036 [ Links ]
43. Aitcin P-C, Mehta PK. Effect of coarse-aggregate characteristics on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete. ACI Materials Journal. 1990; 87(2):103-107. [ Links ]
44. Hearn N, Hooton RD, Mills RH. Pore structure and permeability. In: Lamond JF, Pielert JH, editors. Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials, ASTM STP 169C. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials; 1994. p. 238-253. [ Links ]
45. Navi P, Pignat C. Simulation of cement hydration and the connectivity of the capillary pore space. Advanced Cement Based Materials. 1996; 4(2):58-67. [ Links ]
Received: March 4, 2011; Revised: April 27, 2011
* e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Red Light District
Tapping the sonic landscape to draw noise both vintage and novel, The Red Light District is a dulcet force. Forming over the course of 3.5 years, the band has grown in leaps and bounds, striving in the battle of mainstream homocide. Deriving styles from such influences as Alice in Chains, Tool, The Smashing Pumpkins and The Doors; The Red Light District has cultivated a sound that is without question theirs alone. The intention is to craft songs that are contagious yet maintain thier integrity, a trait that seems to be growing more and more important in the subculture of rock music.
Digital Mecca Records presents: Gini Gini Gbar is the current name for song writer, producer, sound record?ist and performer, formerly known as Class Day Mar. However, Class Day Mar still remains as a sub name for when he performs or produces R n B sounds. Gini who is from Bristol in the South West of England has been producing for a total of 15 years, and has been DJ?ing for sixteen years playing Hip Hop, R n B, House and Garage. In 1997 he did a collaboration with Khotso, the South African born R n B artist. Khotso has recorded with fellow South African Artist Libo M, the writer of the sound track to the film Lion King. Gini and Khotso produced two R n B tracks, Summer Time in Effect and Something For You. At present Gini has a solo Hip Hop, Raga and R n B orientated EP with a touch of oriental and Asian styles to the themes. The EP is titled, The Reign of Gabar and contains the following tracks = (1)The Way (Bounce) ? (2)Lavi Lavi(3)Barn Dance ?(4)Gini ?(5)Country Bunk ?(6)Zimpy (Bungra Hip Hop) ? (7)Nutra Sutra (Garage track) ?Digital Mecca Records are also interested to hear from singers, rappers and songwriters who would like to find out about having their material recorded by us. If this sounds like you then do get in touch. Organisations in the performing arts sector looking for film music, advert themes, jingles, etc can also be assisted by Digital Mecca Records, just get in touch for more details. Copyright ? 2004 Close text.
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Red Light District
A cornucopia of sound from the blistering attack of 'Echo of the Wasp', to the sentimentality of 'Ten Days'. The record, actually an E.P. takes the listener on a menagerie of noise ranging from infection to depression in a ...expand text.
A cornucopia of sound from the blistering attack of 'Echo of the Wasp', to the sentimentality of 'Ten Days'. The record, actually an E.P. takes the listener on a menagerie of noise ranging from infection to depression in a very short amount of time... this is no accident. Lyrically the album takes the audience from the decadent to the deviant, with no apology... only with the hope that this acoustic violence maintains its honesty and integrity. Close text
UD: 4 years ago

subset: commoncrawl


text:
It may seem hard to believe that it's been almost a year since the new tax law was signed by President Trump. The new law does away with tax deductions for spousal support after the end of this year. However, you still have a short time to get your agreement on record and keep the old rules in place.
As long as an alimony agreement is finalized through a separation agreement or divorce before the end of the year, those paying spousal support can still deduct it from their income taxes. For agreements finalized in 2019 and moving forward, alimony is no longer deductible.
This change will have the most significant impact on people in higher tax brackets. The higher a person's tax rate, the higher percentage of alimony they've been able to deduct. That's taken some of the sting out of having to pay spousal support for many people. As one attorney notes, "The deduction, as it stands, is a great motivator to encourage the higher wage earner to agree to help support the spouse with less income."
Now, many wealthy spouses will likely fight harder to minimize the amount of support they'll have to pay. This will mean less money going to lower-earning spouses. Recipients whose divorces are finalized after Dec. 31, 2018, will no longer report their spousal support as income. Instead, it's treated as a transfer of assets.
Whether you're working toward finalizing your divorce settlement before the new year or you know it won't be completed until 2019, it's essential to understand the impact of any spousal support agreement or order on your taxes and overall financial situation. It's wise to consult with tax and financial professionals as you and your California family law attorney work out your divorce settlement.


text:
Over a four month period, starting on July 1st, the BFI will be screening a series of films investigating the enormous changes that England's capital has undergone in the hundred years or so that cinema has been around to document it. Films ranging from very early shorts by the Lumière Brothers and R.W. Paul, to features by auteurs like Alfred Hitchcock and Michael Winterbottom will be screened, providing an insight into London life from a variety of different time periods and perspectives.
The Changing Face of London
The season kicks off with The Changing Face of London, a series of films screened throughout July which will allow audiences to savour cinematic cityscapes from London's past.
The London Nobody Knows (1967), a documentary hosted by James Mason, provides a view of the streets of old London during the mid 60s, a period when the face of London was being changed for good by Modernist and Brutalist architectural styles. A 2014 follow up to Mason's documentary, The London Nobody Knows Now, will also be screened, together with a rare British Transport Film, The Scene from Melbury House (1973) which offers a delightful birds-eye view of the city in the early 70s. Among the features to be screened at the BFI in July include Hitchcock's psychological thriller Frenzy (1972) and Jules Dassin's film noir Night and the City (1950), both of which are set in the backdrop of mid-century London.
Soho Weekender
Between the 24th and 26th of July the Soho Weekender will be taking place, offering a series of films set in Central London's playground, Soho. Life in this district has always been diverse and energetic, and this series of films offer an insight into the area's many attitudes, from gang culture in the '60s (The Small World of Sammy Lee), to its bright night-life and cast colourful characters (Sunshine in Soho).
The weekender will also play host to a series of discussions about the changing character of the area, in particular the way it's moving from a melting pot of classes and cultures to a less diverse, more corporate world of mainstream bars and media agencies.
Summer at BFI
The season will continue through August, September and October with a line up of films that has yet to be announced, but the spread of films across the next month or so are an excellent opportunity to reflect on the London's past and to speculate about its future.
BFI Tickets
Click here to buy tickets to BFI London on Film season.
|What's on at BFI: 'London on Film' Season
|BFI Southbank, Belvedere Road, Southbank, London, SE1 8XT | MAP
|Nearest tube
|Waterloo (underground)
01 Jul 15 – 30 Oct 15, 12:00 PM – 12:00 AM
|£5 - £9.50
|Click here to book via the BFI website


text:
With Sheffield United taking an incredibly valuable three points from Leeds United in our trip to Elland Road on Saturday, it was the perfect way to enter the March international break.
There's no point denying it wasn't a great performance, but we dug deep and battled hard to take the win and when our chance came along Chris Basham made it count. Games aren't won by the most possession or the most chances at goal, they are won by the team that puts the ball in the back of the net.
Incredible stuff from everybody involved…a powerful week ????????Bladesmen ⚔???? pic.twitter.com/zF8iHJdMGz
— Richard Stearman (@the_stears) March 16, 2019
A slight advantage is now ours in the chase for automatic promotion to the Premier League as we replace Leeds in second spot in the Championship table and that makes the Yorkshire bragging rights even sweeter.
31-year-old Richard Stearman didn't get on the bench as he remained on the substitutes bench for the encounter, but taking to social media after the game, his words came in for plenty of praise.
You're a credit to our club Richard, might not play week in week out, but the knowledge and experience you bring to the dressing room is priceless and you're always singing the lads praises on here
— Claire Wright (@Claire_W82) March 16, 2019
Totally agree. @the_stears is extremely important and great professional footballer. Big fan.
— Richard Rayner (@rrayner) March 16, 2019
Rich, you're an absolute credit to this football club. If we go up, I'll get your face tattooed on my back. Please remind me of this after we beat stoke away xxx
— Jordan Mitchell (@_jmitchell26) March 16, 2019
Top quality Richard #UTB
— Kevin Booth (@boothysufc) March 16, 2019


text:
- Fee assured
- Verified this account
This healthcare professional let us know that they are currently:
- Accepting new patients
- Available for:
- Face-to-face consultations
- Phone consultations
- Video consultations
Last updated: 27 Apr 2020
Specialises in
- Endoscopy
- Hepatobiliary
About me
Professional profile
Dr Mathis Heydtmann is a Consultant Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist at the Royal Alexandria Hospital Paisley, BMI Ross Hall Hospital as well as Nuffield Health Glasgow. Mathis specialises in the assessment and management of liver and gastrointestinal conditions including jaundice, abnormal liver tests and treats abdominal pain, diarrhoea as well as constipation.
After qualifying from Düsseldorf University and passing the US medical licensing exam (USMLE) he worked in Switzerland, Manchester and Birmingham and undertook a research attachment in Boston before coming to Glasgow. He obtained an MD in molecular genetics from Düsseldorf University. In Birmingham Mathis worked in the Liver Transplant Unit, obtained his PhD in Liver immunology and worked as a Clinical Lecturer at Birmingham University.
Mathis Heydtmann specialises in the assessment and medical management of gastrointestinal problems, in particular liver disease. He feels that it is important to have sufficient time to listen to the patients concerns and to make a correct diagnosis and plan treatment. Therefore new appointments with him are booked for 30 minutes (if you feel that you need more time please inform the booking staff). This helps making the right diagnosis and finding the right treatment to suit the patient. He has good links with other specialists who might need to be involved in patients' care including Surgeons, Dieticians, Addiction Specialists and Paediatric Gastroenterologists.
Mathis' maintains a keen interest in academic medicine through advancing medical knowledge in his field, through quality improvement and teaching. Research work includes epidemiology, health economics and treatment of chronic liver disease, in particular alcoholic liver disease. He is a Scottish Quality Improvement Fellow (cohort 9) and aims to improve in particular liver services in Scotland.
Areas of interest
Assessing and caring for patients with all aspects of liver disease (alcoholic, viral, genetic and autoimmune liver disease), liver failure, hepatitis and general gastroenterology patients including investigation of iron deficiency anaemia, diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy and colonoscopy as well as investigation of abdominal pain.
Medical secretaries
Anaesthetists worked with
- Dr Ahmed Almaki Fee Assured
Current NHS consultant posts held
Consultant Hepatologist and Gastroenterologist at the Royal Alexandria Hospital Paisley.
I am also an Appraiser at Greater Glasgow & Clyde and Appraisal Lead for the Clyde sector,
a Specialty Advisor for Consultant appointments in Gastroenterology in Scotland and Northern Ireland, a specialist adviser to the SPSO and the specialty adviser for liver disease to the CMO of Scotland.
Research interests
Research work includes epidemiology, health economics, Quality Improvement and treatment of chronic liver disease, in particular alcoholic liver disease.
Personal interests
All liver disease; investigation of abnormal liver tests, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, hepatiobiliary disease, anaemia; rectal bleeding, bowel cancer screening,
dyspepsia (indigestion); investigation of abdominal pain, Bowel disease including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); investigation of iron deficiency anaemia, Crohn's disease; Ulcerative Colitis
coeliac disease (gluten sensitive enteropathy)
(Additional) Languages spoken
- German - Native or bilingual
- French - Conversational
- Italian - Conversational
see: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=heydtmann%20m
Courses offered to GPs
I have given a number of talks on different aspects of liver disease (investigation of abnormal liver biochemistry, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, drug induced liver injury, fatty liver, IBS, special diets including low FODMAP diet...), improvement in healthcare, medical complaints and communication to GPs and other medical colleagues and I am happy to further talk on any aspect of liver disease or general Gastroenterology as required.
Outcomes (self-reported)
Colonoscopy caecal Intubation rate consistently over 95 % over years with also very high terminal ileum intubation rates and very low complication rates.
- MD Düsseldorf University 1996
- PhD Birmingham University 2005
Additional training
- Scottish Quality and Safety Fellowship NHS Education Scotland 2016
GMC registration
Reference number 4370992
Professional bodies (positions held - last 3 yrs)
- Secretary of The Socttish Society of Gastroenterologists Socttish Society of Gastroenterologists 2018
Details of entry to specialist register
- Consultant Hepatologist, Gastroenterologist and General Physician, 2008
Affiliations / memberships
British Society of Gastroenterology
British Association of the Study of the Liver
European Association of the Study of the Liver
American Association of the Study of Liver Disease
JAG accreditation as colonoscopist and colonoscopy trainer
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons in Glasgow (and national and international membership (PACES) examiner)
Scottish Society of Gastroenterology (Secretary)
Scottish Health Action on Alcohol Problem (SHAAP)
Post treatment communication
Following treatment of a Bupa member, I will communicate with GPs in line with Department of Health, GMC and appropriate professional bodies guidelines.
In the event of an urgent query following treatment, Bupa members should use the following contact details
Please contact myself on my mobile for example via the hospital.
I am also happy to be contacted for consultations via telephone or videoconferencing - please note that insurances usually don't pay for teleconsultations via telephone, FaceTime or Skype.


text: The Italian Giovanni Passaleva is the new coordinator (spokesperson) of the international LHCb collaboration, one of the four big experiments of the LHC, CERN's super accelerator, in Geneva. Passaleva took office on 1 July on expiry of the term of office of Guy Wilkinson. In the past, another Italian had been head of LHCb, Pierluigi Campana, currently director of the INFN Frascati National Laboratories. And in addition to Passaleva, another Italian, Federico Antinori, is coordinating an international collaboration at CERN, that of the ALICE experiment. Giovanni Passaleva, 52 years of age, is research director at INFN. From 2008 to 2012 he was project leader of the LHCb muon detector. From 2012 to 2014 was the national head of LHCb. From 2014 to 2017 was coordinator of the LHCb upgrade. At LHCb he has participated in the measurement of the impact cross section of J/ψ meson production in proton-proton collisions and, recently, in the measurement of antiproton production in proton-helium collisions using the LHCb gas injection system, which allows the measurement of "fixed targets". He has been the referee of various experiments, including ATLAS and CMS.


text:
Campaign to raise attention on missing Tanzanian journalist Azory Gwanda launched in US
Thursday April 4 2019
Dar es Salaam. A global campaign to bring attention to the case of missing Tanzanian journalist, Mr Azory Gwanda, was launched Thursday, April 4, 2019, in the United States.
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) launched the #WhereIsAzory campaign on the eve of 500 days' timeline of the missing of the journalist.
Other than raising awareness, the campaign also aims at urging the government of Tanzania to carry out credible investigation to account for the missing journalist, said CPJ's Africa program coordinator Angela Quintal.
In a statement, Quintal said supporters can participate by sharing the hashtags #WhereIsAzory and #MrudisheniAzory on social media.
"Azory Gwanda is a freelance journalist reporting about his community and he must not become just another statistic."
"Through this campaign, we want to ensure that Gwanda's case becomes a priority for the Tanzanian authorities and that we get much-needed answers about what really happened him. Until that time, Tanzanian journalists will not feel safe," said Quintal.
Gwanda was last seen by his family and friends on November 21, 2017 when he was picked by unidentified people in a white land cruiser van from a local township.
He was driven in the car to his home where he told his wife, Anna Pinoni, that he was taking an emergency trip, and would return the next day. He has not been seen since.
No motive has been established of his disappearance but CPJ says there was a strong possibility that the journalist's reporting on a series of mysterious killings along Dar's coastline was the reason.
Related Article: http://bit.ly/2DAv1WH
According to CPJ, when Ms Quintal and her colleague Muthoki Mumo were detained overnight and interrogated in Tanzania last year, they were specifically asked about their interest in Gwanda.
Ms Quintal says local media has come under government crackdown and may lose the steam and courage to sustain the campaign for Mr Gwanda.
Related story: http://bit.ly/2CX0Sjs


text:
Operating as regional charter Air Cairo is the airline based in Cairo, Egypt. It provides air flight services in Europe, Africa and Asia. So many countries of Europe, Middle East and Arab are getting benefit from the scheduled domestic and international passenger flights as well as charter flights of Air Cairo. The airline provides services to many destinations in Egypt. Book Air Cairo Cheap Flight Tickets reservation online now. Refer to the Flight Schedule available online.
After acquiring 60% of the airline in 2003, EgyptAir was transferred into Cairo Aviation. Air Cairo was then come out as a new scheduled airline.
Main Hubs:
After acquiring 60% of the airline in 2003, EgyptAir was transferred into Cairo Aviation. Air Cairo was then come out as a new scheduled airline.
Main Hubs:
- Cairo International Airport
The Fleet consists of these aircrafts:
- Airbus A320-200 - 8
Air Cairo Destinations
- Azerbaijan
- Baku Heydar (Aliyev International Airport)
- Denmark
- Billund (Billund Airport)
- Copenhagen (Copenhagen Airport)
- Czech Republic
- Prague (Prague Ruzyne Airport)
- Egypt
- Alexandria (Borg El Arab Airport)
- Assiut (Assiut Airport)
- Cairo (Cairo International Airport)
- Hurghada (Hurghada International Airport)
- Luxor (Luxor International Airport)
- Marsa Alam (Marsa Alam Airport)
- Sharm el-Sheikh (Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport)
- Sohag (Sohag International Airport)
- Georgia
- Tbilisi (Tbilisi International Airport)
- Germany
- Hannover (Hannover Airport)
- Dusseldorf (Dusseldorf International Airport)
- Stuttgart (Stuttgart Airport)
- Hungary
- Budapest (Liszt Ferenc International Airport)
- Netherlands
- Amsterdam (Amsterdam Airport Schiphol)
- Norway
- Oslo (Oslo Airport, Gardermoen)
- Poland
- Katowice (Katowice International Airport)
- Jordan
- Amman (Queen Alia International Airport)
- Kuwait
- Kuwait (Kuwait International Airport)
- Qatar
- Doha (Hamad International Airport)
- Saudi Arabia
- Jeddah (King Abdul Aziz International Airport)
- Riyadh (King Khalid International Airport)
- Slovakia
- Bratislava (Bratislava Airport)
Contact Details
Sales office:
14th of May Road,
Green Plaza,
Shop No. G106 & 107,
Alexandria, Egypt
Tel: (+20) 3 4270142,
(+20) 3 4270143,
(+20) 11 21709076,
(+20) 12 70444522


text:
The self-proclaimed mad scientist Rintarou Okabe rents out a room in a rickety old building in Akihabara, where he indulges himself in his hobby of inventing prospective "future gadgets" with fellow lab members: Mayuri Shiina, his air-headed childhood friend, and Hashida Itaru, a perverted hacker nicknamed "Daru." The three pass the time by tinkering with their most promising contraption yet, a machine dubbed the "Phone Microwave," which performs the strange function of morphing bananas into piles of green gel.
Though miraculous in itself, the phenomenon doesn't provide anything concrete in Okabe's search for a scientific breakthrough; that is, until the lab members are spurred into action by a string of mysterious happenings before stumbling upon an unexpected success—the Phone Microwave can send emails to the past, altering the flow of history.
Adapted from the critically acclaimed visual novel by 5pb. and Nitroplus, Steins;Gate takes Okabe through the depths of scientific theory and practicality. Forced across the diverging threads of past and present, Okabe must shoulder the burdens that come with holding the key to the realm of time.
[Written by MAL Rewrite]
|Type : TV
|Episode :
|Status : Finished Airing
|Aired : Apr 6, 2011 to Sep 14, 2011
|Premiered : Spring 2011
|Broadcast : Wednesdays at 02:05 (JST)
|Producers : AT-X, Frontier Works, Kadokawa Pictures Japan, Media Factory, Movic, Nitroplus
|Licensors :
|Studios : White Fox
|Source : Visual novel
|Genres : Sci-Fi, Thriller
|Duration : 24 min. per ep.
|Rating : PG-13 - Teens 13 or older
|Score : 9.12
|Ranked : 2
|Popularity : 7
|Members :
|Favorite :


text:
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Banquet Manager (7608617)
Last Updated: 2020-10-25
Employer: Allegra Banquet Convention Center LLCLocation: Schiller Park, IL
Plan and coordinate activities for a Banquet serving Polish food, including planning menu, ordering supplies, preparing reports, setting targets and developing the Banquet. Schedule special events, review supplier, and vendor orders. Supervise kitchen and wait staff.
6 months related experience required. Experience must have included establishing customer service standards for…
CNC Machinist (Computer Numerically Controlled Machinist) (7611311)
Last Updated: 2020-10-23
Employer: Away Staffing Services, Inc.Location: Franklin Park, IL
Our client, manufacturing company for the automotive industry, seeks experienced CNC set up operators. The ideal candidate will have at least 3 years of experience operating & setting up CNC lathe or milling machines, be able to perform basic set ups (i.e., change tools, offsets), and edit programs in G…
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text:
The Nike Air Max 270 will arrive in a "Tea Berry" colorway
Perfect colors for the summer!
If you haven't decided which sneakers will accompany you during this hot summer, this new Nike Air Max 270 could be just right for you, thanks to its very light and fresh color, perfect for the warmest months of the year!
The silhouette has a clean white upper with Metallic Silver details highlighted on the pull-tab, on the Air technology better known as the back of the midsole, completing the whole silhouette with a brand new iridescent translucent sole.
The sneaker will soon be available at selected Nike stores and via SNEAKRS app for €160.


text:
Available: For Hire | New
Ref: PB106.01.
Size: 600 x 400 x 310 mm
Stackable and nestable plastic container available for sale and for hire with hinging two piece 'crocodile' lid.
Manufactured from natural PP with securable lid.
These attached lid containers are also available 365mm high and 400mm high.
Other base sizes also available.
Please ask what is available from second hand stock.


text:
1 kg 350 g
Showing the single product
HP Chromebook x360 Intel Celeron N4000 Processor Thin and Light Touchscreen 12-inch Laptop (4GB/64GB eMMC SSD + 100GB…₹34,190.00
Chrome OS – An Operating System By Google That Is Built For The Way We Live Today. It Comes With Built-In Virus Protection, Updates Automatically, Boots Up In 10 Seconds And Continues To Stay Fast Over Time
Google Assitant: Be more productive with help from your Google Assistant. Just say "Hey Google" to manage tasks, enjoy your entertainment, get answers, or control smart home devices
APPS: Access to favorite apps from Google Play like Google Drive, Gmail, YouTube, Amazon Prime, Evernote, Slack, Infinite Painter, Lightroom, Whatsapp and many more


text:
Revenge served cold.
SZA gets revenge in her new music video for the Travis Scott-assisted song "Love Galore."
The Nabil-directed clip starts out as a tale of a broken heart. SZA lures Travis Scott into her room for what appears to be a breakup to makeup romp, but her plans turn sinister. The vid cuts from gorgeous scenes of the pair embracing each other amidst a swarm of fluttering butterflies into SZA's ulterior motives.
SPOILER ALERT: She ends up tying Scott to the bed and inviting a blood-thirsty, obese woman inside to chop him up. Hell hath no fury like a SZA scorned.
"Love Galore" follows her January's release, "Drew Barrymore," off SZA's forthcoming album CTRL (out this summer).
.@sza @trvisXX SZA has officially inked a deal with a major label, RCA ???
— Complex Music (@ComplexMusic) April 27, 2017
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Add some tropics to your home with the Key West Embossed Fish Cat Saucer in Lime by Petrageous Designs.
Why We Love It:
Give your cat a taste of dish they will love with the Key West Embossed Fish Cat Saucer. Our stoneware pet bowls are made of the highest quality ceramic. Each is hand painted and oven-fired to resist fading and chipping. Dishwasher and Microwave safe. Check out the full Key West collection.
Important Sizing Note: The following measurements are the dimensions of the actual product, not of the pet they fit. After measuring your pet, make sure all measurements fit within the following dimensions (with a little room to spare in the chest and neck).6.5" Saucer
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text: What I am reading 10/28/2016 (p.m.) Posted by boz | Oct 28, 2016 | wired | 0 | The 1 Skill All Successful People Possess | Inc.com There is great wisdom ehere for people looking to be successful. tags: sharing Success Posted from Diigo. The rest of my favorite links are here. Related Share: Rate:


text: A Long Time Ago Posted July 8 (edited) Hi, I'm Time? I guess. (Warning: Sad vibes to follow) Talking about what happened online scares me. I know that it happened, but putting it into words feels like shattering whatever's left of the illusion that I am normal. I guess some part of me still hopes that I'm making it up. We all know I'm not. I just want to be free from this weight on me. Sometimes it feels like what happened is constantly lurking in the back of my mind, waiting for me to slip up so it can destroy me. I've talked to people about it, a lot of people. I know others with the same experiences, so why do I still feel so alone? I have friends that support me through anything, so why do I still feel like I'm drowning? I'm tired. We didn't deserve this. We deserved so much better. These are just my thoughts as I join this group, I hope it's not too sad for an introduction. Also, I'm non-binary. There wasn't an option for that when I joined so I just picked a gender. Sincerely, Time. Edited July 8 by A Long Time Ago Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Stoneware Butter Keeper (Butter Crock)
How Does a Butter Keeper Work?
Fats oxidize when they are exposed to air. That's what makes them rancid. A butter keeper keeps butter fresh for up to 30 days by keeping the butter sealed from oxygen.
- Press a cup of butter into the cup portion of the butter keeper. The cup will hold a cube.
- Fill the little crock half full of fresh water. The water should be changed every 3 to 4 days.
- To store the butter, turn the cup upside-down and insert it into the water. The rim of the cup will rest of the rim of the crock. The butter will be immersed in the water which will seal it from the air.
To serve, place the attractive stoneware cup on the table. Since the butter is at room temperature, it will be easy to spread.
Add this to your cart and keep your butter fresh and soft.
"We love our butter keeper!"
- Keeps butter soft and spreadable.
- Attractive, heavy stoneware with navy trim.
- The holder inverts to make a handsome lid.
- One-half cup capacity to accommodate one cube of butter.
- 4 x 3 3/4 inches
Keep your butter fresh, soft, and spreadable for 30 days.
- Stock: In Stock
- Model: TN284
- Weight: 1.53lb


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Fashion Scout name Wen Pan as Merit Award winner
By Danielle Wightman-Stone
Aug 23, 2019
Fashion Scout has named London-based eponymous brand Wen Pan as the winner of its spring/summer 2020 Merit Award, which will see the womenswear label presenting its collection during London Fashion Week.
Created in 2009 and now in its tenth year, the Merit Award supports the winning designer across two seasons and has been created to support and develop new designer businesses on a global level. Wen Pen will receive a fully sponsored catwalk show with Fashion Scout with space to host press and buyers.
The Merit Award acts as a springboard for emerging designers, with many going on to become established labels within the international fashion industry, including past winners Eudon Choi, Phoebe English, David Koma, Roberts|Wood, Han Wen, Xiao Li, Katie Ann McGuigan, Edda, I-Am-Chen and most recently, autumn/winter 2019 winner Tolu Coker.
Wen Pan wins Fashion Scout's Merit Award for spring/summer 2020
Wen Pan is a London-based womenswear label launched in 2018 and now in its third season. The brand fuses the "spirit of oriental recluses with romantic grunge aesthetics". By using raw fluidity and layers of textures, Wen Pan, who graduated from Central Saint Martins in 2015, aims to "evoke characters in a balance of subtlety and freedom," explains Fashion Scout.
In previous seasons, the brand has explored the beauty of brokenness, traces of human presence, Chinese ancient recluses and the 1990 grunge. For spring/summer 2020, Wen Pan will return with contrasting floral prints and textures, mixing fragile linen layers and sheer silk fabrics with rough cotton drapery and asymmetric cutting. As well as a continuation of using utility wear with workwear detailing in a palette of muted greens and faded sandy cream.
Having shown previously in Shanghai and Paris, Wen Pan boasts a global stockist list including Opening Ceremony, YoungBritishDesigners, and Selfridges, where her autumn/winter 2019 work is currently part of the Design Gallery Installation.
Before launching her namesake label, Pan work at numerous fashion houses including Christopher Kane, Alexander McQueen, and Uma Wang.
Wen Pan to showcase during London Fashion Week
On hearing she had won the Merit Award, Wen Pan said in a statement: "It is such an honour to receive the Fashion Scout Merit Award. I feel very grateful to have this great opportunity, which provides a wonderful platform to share my point of view about beauty and femininity: a delicate balance between prettiness and roughness."
Wen Pan's "relaxed layered aesthetic" is what impressed the Fashion Scout judging panel, which included the talent platform's founder and creative director Martyn Roberts, Contanza Lombardi, Next Gen Buyer at Browns, Niamph Tuft from Fashion Revolution and Hannah Craggs, trends at WGSN.
Fashion Scout's Martyn Roberts added: "We are extremely excited to award Wen Pan the SS20 Merit Award following the exceptional AW19 collection presented at the Selection Panel. Her brand was an easy decision for the judging panel to award Merit to, due to her originality and beautiful draping and pattern cutting skills. Fashion Scout are excited to give Wen Pan the opportunity to continue building the brand and profile on a global scale."
Wen Pan will showcase at Fashion Scout on September 14 in its new London Fashion Week home, Victoria House, after the platform relaunched after spending eight years at Freemasons' Hall. Fashion Scout SS20 will run from September 13-15.
Images: courtesy of Fashion Scout / Wen Pan


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High Altitude Jognis of Great Himalayan National Park - Dhela Jogni Tirath Jogni Because of the remoteness and inaccessible mountain terrain a distinct culture and religious practices have been developed in ...
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Welcome to StoneBridge Cabot
StoneBridge Cabot offers maintenance-free assisted living in a charming, cottage-style community. Our professional staff provides 24-hour healthcare assistance plus a host of activities designed to help residents maintain healthy lifestyles and continue to socialize with their friends, neighbors and peers. We are a family-owned and operated senior living community and we would consider it our privilege to care for your family. We invite you to visit us any time.
Why choose StoneBridge Cabot?
Assisted Living Care
Our Assisted Living residents enjoy all-inclusive, maintenance-free living in beautiful private apartments that provide the independence they desire, with the security of available 24-hour professional care. StoneBridge Cabot invites you to come by and see what all-inclusive residential living could mean for you!
Exceptional Amenities
At StoneBridge Cabot, our residents and families receive thoughtful attention from our professional, dedicated staff. Our extensive range of personalized services includes help with bathing, medication assistance, transportation to medical appointments, in-house physical therapy and more.


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Top 7 bad foods for your diet
Are you trying your best to avoid the delicacies food which have poor health benefits and rich in calories, and unsuitable for your diet? From this standpoint, Nutritionist "Crystal Pedrosaan" shed light on 8 kinds of favorite foods that you should avoid in order to maintain or lose weight, especially when you are following a diet:
bad foods for your diet
1. "Ice Cream": Do you like it, especially on hot days! Note that a vanilla flavor cup contains 230 calories, so it is necessary to choose Ice Cream with little fat to delete half the amount of calories compared to the consumption of normal Ice Cream.
2. Potatoes chips: 30 grams of potatoes chips are containing 130 calories, at least. Note that a small packet is not sufficient for many people, who are dealing with the largest amounts of potato chips, and dip them in the ready-made sauce.
3. Chocolate: female appetite is significantly rise on seeing or eating chocolate! It is true that chocolate is rich with "magnesium", and also promotes the happiness hormone "serotonin," but it will add us more calories. Therefore, it is preferable only to eat a small cub of dark chocolate.
4. popcorn: you can't eat a bit amount of it, especially while watching movies, what earns us from 400 to 1200 calories without attention! So, try eating homemade prepared popcorn, a small cup of it is very enough.
bad foods for your diet
5. Donuts is considered of the worst food during the diet, as a piece of it can provide us with 500 calories, and more! So, it's preferred to replace it with the "Beagle" made from whole grains with peanut butter.
6. pizza: It is true that the pizza is rich with protein because of its fiber components of cheese and vegetables, but a piece of which contains 280 calories. So, you must eat thin pizza of vegetable flavor, without any cheese.
7. Pasta: you must stay away from eating it, especially those prepared with white sauce, they provide us between 800 to 1200 calories. Generally, preferably eating pasta with whole grain and vegetables sauce , for example, tomatoes sauce.


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Producto 208/250
Paquete: 1 * Caso Pillow (Almohada interior no está incluido) Note: 1. Colors may not appear exactly as seen on photo in real life due to variations between the computer monitors and naked eye color difference. 2. There may be 1 to 2cm error due to manual measurement. Shipping: The item will be shipped from China.so it need 15-25 days to deliver. Our product is good with reasonable price and we believe you will worth it.so please wait for it patiently! Any question please kindly to contact us and we promise to work hard to help you to solve the problem. About Return Request: If you dont need the item with worry , you can contact us then we will help you to solve the problem,so please close the return request!Thanks.
Sannysis Funda de Cojín Almohada decoración flor 30 X 50cm (04) - B06WD8ZKZB


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What can you use your electronic ID for?
Electronic ID gives you access to online public services that require log in. Some examples of such online-based services from central and local government are:
- calculating your pension at Nav.no
- applying for a grant at Lånekassen.no
- notifying Skatteetaten.no of a change of address
- changing your tax card at Skatteetaten.no
- reading, correcting and filing your tax return
Online public services give you safe access to communicate with government entities. Over 3 million citizens currently use electronic ID to communicate quickly, safely and securely with central and local government.


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Following the tragic Germanwings accident in May this year (see The Globe and Mail article Germanwings co-pilot repeatedly accelerated plane, investigators say), the director of medicine at Transport Canada's Civil Aviation Medicine Branch has issued a reminder to all Canadian physicians of their statutory obligations to report any conditions, diseases or treatments that may be incompatible with holding a pilot licence. Section 6.5(1) of the Aeronautics Act states:
Where a physician or an optometrist believes on reasonable grounds that a patient is a flight crew member, an air traffic controller or other holder of a Canadian aviation document that imposes standards of medical or optometric fitness, the physician or optometrist shall, if in his/her opinion the patient has a medical or optometric condition that is likely to constitute a hazard to aviation safety, inform a medical advisor designated by the minister forthwith of that opinion and the reasons therefor.
When a report is received, Transport Canada's Civil Aviation Medicine Branch investigates each report and determines the application of the medical standards of fitness outlined in the Canadian Aviation Regulations based on the results of its investigation and not just the content of the report. Physician reports submitted to the branch are considered private and confidential.
Questions regarding this reporting obligation, or any other aviation medicine issue, can be directed to the director of medicine at 1-800-305-2059.