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Information about Yavor Palace Hotel
With a stay at Yavor Palace, you'll be centrally located in Sunny Beach, within a 5-minute drive of Sunny Beach and Action Aquapark. This 4-star property is 4.9 mi (7.8 km) from Aqua Paradise and 0.3 mi (0.4 km) from Luna Park.Make yourself at home in one of the 213 guestrooms featuring refrigerators and minibars. Rooms have private balconies. Wireless Internet access (surcharge) keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with showers feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers.This property is all inclusive. Rates include meals and beverages at onsite dining establishments. Charges may be applied for dining at some restaurants, special dinners and dishes, some beverages, and other amenities.
Wrap up your day with a drink at the poolside bar. A complimentary buffet breakfast is included.Featured amenities include a 24-hour front desk, multilingual staff, and a safe deposit box at the front desk. Self parking (subject to charges) is available onsite.Pamper yourself with onsite massages or enjoy recreation amenities such as a spa tub. Additional amenities at this property include wireless Internet access (surcharge), concierge services, and gift shops/newsstands.
Services of Yavor Palace Hotel
- Designated smoking areas (fines apply)
- Sauna
- Spa tub
- Poolside bar
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Parking (limited spaces)
- Children's pool
- Self parking (surcharge)
- Number of floors - 4
- Restaurant
- Television in common areas
- Free breakfast
- Bar/lounge
- Multilingual staff
- Year Built - 2005
- Porter/bellhop
- Total number of rooms - 213
- Designated smoking areas
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Elevator
- Pool umbrellas
- Pool sun loungers
- Pets not allowed
- Concierge services
- 24-hour front desk
- Gift shops or newsstand
Similar hotels to Yavor Palace Hotel
Near Sunny Beach
This hotel has a fantastic location with beautiful sea views right in the heart of Sunny Beach. It is situated on the central promenade and only 100 m from the clear waters of the nearby beach. Its central location offers travellers the chance to explore the most popular cafés, discos, bars and restaurants of the area, as well as enjoyable entertainment options. The exceptional private garden with two large swimming pools is ideal to enjoy a moment of relaxation, comfort and tranquillity. A mini train just a step out takes visitors to the ancient town of Nessebar and other parts of the resort. It is 300 m from the public transport network and the tourist centre is a short walking distance away. Burgas Airport is 30 km from the hotel. Facilities on offer include a currency exchange facility and a hairdressing salon. Guests can also take advantage of the Wi- Fi access and laundry service. There is a doctor for emergencies at the hotel. Furthermore, air conditioning units are provided in all accommodation as standard and each room has a balcony offering beautiful views. This property offers 1 restaurant with pool terrace. It is held a Bulgarian evening with a folklore program and typical Bulgarian cuisine. The rest of dining options include a lobby bar, pool bar and snack bar. The younger guests can take advantage of the mini aqua park, children's animation, children's swimming area and playground. Sports enthusiasts may enjoy the gym, table tennis and the daily sport animation. Massage service and a beauty salon are also available for guests' convenience.
This stunning complex enjoys a privileged situation at the very centre of Sunny Beach and offers the ideal setting to discover the Black Sea Coast. Guests will find the beach 100 metres away and a large choice of restaurants, bars, and entertainment options are close to this enchanting complex. The establishment features a large choice of comfortable accommodation units ranging from completely equipped rooms to spacious apartments. They all come with private balconies and complimentary Wi-Fi internet connection, ideal for those needing to stay connected. Guests staying at this enchanting establishment will appreciate the excellent dining facilities including a main restaurant and poolside bar, where guests can savour some delicious Bulgarian specialities. The wellness area features a fully-equipped gym and sauna, ideal for a work-out with a relaxing finish.
Near Luna Park
The LTI Neptun Beach hotel enjoys a central location, directly on the fine sandy beach, separated from it only by a promenade. It is right in the heart of Sunny Beach, Bulgaria's biggest and most famous Black Sea resort. The hotel is among the most renowned in the area and its ideal seafront location offers an unbeatable view over the whole bay and of ancient Nessebar. Guests will find restaurants, bars and nightspots just 100 m from the hotel and it is 200 m to the nearest links to the public transport network. It is 20 km to the ancient Pomorie Tomb and 35 km to Bourgas.
Near Luna Park
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David Jones
David Jones
Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
About David Jones
Original nude line drawing ESSENCE OF BODY SIMPLICITY OF LINE BREATH OF LIFE The human form expressing our different emotions and feelings, expressed simply through a few lines. After 2 major brain operations 20 years ago an artist friend suggested life drawing to help with memory problems. I use a technique known as Zen drawing - as each line is drawn one only looks at the subject (the model) and not the paper. The line is drawn on the out breath for best concentration, power and control. I hope that as you look at these line drawings you can 'draw' them again with me. To breathe slower and smoother with each line. The poses are usually between 1 and 5 minutes(max 10) .Sometimes there is time for more than one completed work of the same pose, as measuring is not required as in 'normal' life drawing. Permanent artist ink marker pen is used, so no fading or damage possible. The monogram of my initials is in the form of a whale (childhood name was Jonah)
Member of the Oxford Art Society O.A.S.
Taught Zen drawing by the American artist Elda Abramson, now resident in the UK.
Exhibited in London,Oxford and Suffolk. Original line drawings sold worldwide. See my work framed in Limited section of Saatchi.
Thanks you saatchiart.com for the opportunity to share my work and the many people who support me.

subset: commoncrawl


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NEW YORK, May 23 (Reuters) - Investors scooped up $11 billion of U.S. 10-year Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) on Thursday even as jitters about the trade war between China and the United States reduced expectations over future price growth.
The ratio of bids to the amount of 10-year TIPS offered was 3.07, the highest level since April 2010. This measure of overall auction demand was 2.42 at the prior 10-year TIPS sale, worth $13 billion, conducted in January, Treasury data showed. (Reporting by Richard Leong Editing by Susan Thomas)
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.


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Four Hours
A hard jolt woke me. I blinked my eyes a few times and tried to get my bearings. Exhaust fumes were in the air and I heard an engine straining. It was dark and I was in the rear of a large heavy vehicle. The road was bumpy and the ride was very rough. Metal gears were grinding and tires were spinning in thick mud. Other soldiers were in the truck, but I couldn't make out their faces. No one said anything.
The brakes squealed and the vehicle came to an abrupt stop. I heard a door open and slam shut. A warrant officer walked to the back of the truck. He had a clipboard under his arm. He poked me on the knee with a long metal rod.
"You. Get out."
I grabbed my weapon and jumped from the truck onto the dirt road. He looked me over, then pointed to a bunker a few hundred feet away.
"Move!" he yelled in my face.
It was night and the sky was clear. The ground was damp from recent rains. I scrapped the mud off my boots and stepped through the small entrance to the bunker. The three men inside glanced at me, then quickly turned their eyes away. One was studying a picture magazine, the other two were seated on the floor, backs to the wall, smoking small brown cigarettes. I waited, but no one greeted me.
"I'm the replacement," I said. "Where.."
"Where's the other one?" asked the solider who was reading. He had sergeant stripes on his shirt. He must have been in command.
I shrugged my shoulders.
"There's just me, no one else. Where.."
"Aren't we supposed to get two?" the sergeant asked one of the men sitting on the floor. "Didn't I ask for two?"
"We're lucky to get this one," was the terse reply.
"Hey, where do I put my gear?" I asked.
"Sit down and shut up!" the sergeant barked in a very annoyed tone.
The floor was littered with spent shell casings. An automatic cannon was in a ready position, with its long barrel pointing out one of the many firing slots. There were fresh blast marks on the walls. It was obvious this bunker had changed hands several times. The many empty cigarette packages on the floor were Baluvian. The magazine the sergeant was reading also came from the other side. I rearranged a few empty ammunition boxes to clear a place. I was about to sit down when I heard a woman cry out.
"Help me! Please help me!"
I looked around trying to determine the location of the voice.
"What the hell was that?" I asked.
"Shut up!" the sergeant yelled.
He never took his eyes off the magazine. The other two paid no attention.
"Please help me! Please! I'm hurt!"
The desperate cries were coming from an open field in front of the bunker. I looked through the firing slots but it was too dark to see anything.
"There's someone out there," I said. "She needs help."
"No one is out there," the sergeant said. "Now sit down and shut up."
The woman continued to cry for help.
"I'm trapped. Help me!"
The tone in her voice was so pained, so desperate.
"Goddamn," I said. "How can you guys just sit there and listen to her? Doesn 't it bother you?"
One of the men on the floor shook his head and gave me a disgusted look. He flipped his cigarette to the other side of the room. The red ash bounced off the wall. His dirty shirt bore the insignia of a corporal. The tips of his fingers were dark grey. He'd been firing the cannon.
"You stupid shit," he said. "Don't they teach you replacements anything?"
He stood, brushed the dirt off his pants, and carefully peered through an empty gun slot.
"It's a new slant on an old enemy trick. The wicked bastards. They put an android on the battlefield and program it to cry for help. Naturally a male solider wants to help, right? Pretty girl in distress. You help her, she helps you? Know what I mean?"
He looked at me with a half grin. Most of his front teeth were missing.
"Sounds good, right? Yeah, except there's one little problem. When a man walks up to it."
He leaned over into my face.
"KA-BOOM!" he yelled. "Big ass explosion, nothing left but red mist."
The voice cried out again.
"Please! Please won't someone help me!"
"Damn," I said. "It sounds so realistic."
The sergeant lifted his eyes and glanced to the corner.
"Yeah, very realistic. That's what Captain Mathis thought. He went outside to help the last one. Those are his boots in the corner. His feet are still in them."
The pleading voice would not let up.
"I'm thirsty. Please bring me some water."
The voice was getting to me. I put my mouth the gun slot.
"Shut the fuck up!" I screamed.
"That's nice, very nice." the sergeant said. "Now we can expect a few rounds of high yield dropped on our position. I told your dumb ass to sit down and shut up!"
"Fucking idiot," the corporal said.
I went to my place and sat down. The voice from the field kept begging for help. The cries didn't bother the others, but they bothered me. Those cries were so desperate. She sounded so alone and frightened. Hard to believe a machine would cry out like that. I tried to rest, but I couldn't.
"Hey sergeant," I said. "If I put a pulse round in that robot, it'll blow up? Right?"
The sergeant looked over to corporal who was leaning against the wall smoking.
"Maybe," he said.
"Why don't I slip out there and put a round in it? At least it'll be quiet."
The sergeant rubbed his chin with his fingers.
"What do you think?" he asked the corporal.
The corporal blew smoke in my direction and shook her head.
"As stupid as he is, who'll miss him?"
The sergeant kept rubbing his chin and thinking.
"You know how to shoot that thing?" the sergeant asked pointing to my weapon.
"Of course I do."
"Well then, be my guest," he said.
I was about to move out when the corporal took a last jab at me.
"Hey replacement, what size are your boots?" he asked and started laughing. They all had a good laugh.
"Assholes," I mumbled as I moved into the darkness.
The field was littered with huge blast craters. The scope on my weapon had excellent night vision. I used it to survey the battlefield. Each time she called out, I moved toward the voice. The sound was coming from the other side of a large crater. A tall tree had fallen over and there was a figure pinned under the trunk. In the scope I could see what looked like a woman trying desperately to free her leg from under the tree. She looked around and cried out.
"Help me!"
I lined the crosshairs on her back. My finger was squeezing the trigger when I noticed she wore a Baluvian uniform. If she was a bomb, won't they dress her in one of our uniforms? Why was she struggling so hard to get free? The look in her face was so genuine. Something didn't feel right.
"Please, please help me," she said while she tried to pull her leg free.
The tone in her voice was too real. She wanted to live. I could feel it.
"Please, I'm scared," she said and started to cry.
I couldn't believe her pleas weren't real. Why would a machine cry when there was no one looking?
"Hey!" I called out. "Who are you?"
"Thank god you're here!" she said. "My leg is pinned, please help me."
She was looking directly at me. In the scope I could see her face. She was very pretty. She was young with clean skin and beautiful hair. She knew exactly were I was.
"What's your name?" I asked.
"Kree," she said. "My name is Kree."
The enemy opened up with automatic weapon fire all along the battlefield. The soldiers in my bunker returned the fire. White and red tracers lit the air. Kree ducked and tired to avoid getting hit. She looked directly at me.
"Won't you help me?" she pleaded.
She couldn't be a bomb. She was too real, her cries too believable. When there was a lull in the firing, I ran over to her and used my weapon to pry the tree from her leg. That I was still alive meant I was right. If she was a weapon, she would have detonated.
I helped her to her feet, but she immediately stumbled.
"Carry me," she said.
She was much smaller than me and weighed very little. I lifted her onto my back and carried her toward my bunker.
The automatic fire resumed, and I had to dodge the rounds. We had to get off the battlefield. There was a half destroyed building away from the main lines of fire. I ran toward it as fast as I could.
I let her slip off my back onto the floor. She looked up at me with those big eyes. There was enough starlight to see how beautiful she was. She had no weapon, not even a knife.
"Thank you," she said. "Thank you so much."
The tone in her voice changed. She wasn't pleading, yet there was still a desperate, longing quality to her words.
"Obie? Is that your name?" she asked.
OBIE was written in big letters on the front and back of my uniform.
"Let me look at your leg," I said. "It might be broken."
"My leg is alright."
There was a loud explosion not to far from us. The flash of light and the sound seemed to terrify her. She wrapped her arms around my legs.
"Please don't leave me," she said. "I want to live."
I knelt next to her. I ran my hand over the side of her face. She seemed to want my attention.
"I won't leave you," I said.
She put her hands on my shoulders and looked into my eyes.
"Will you hold me? Will you put your arms around me and hold me close?"
Her voice was so soft. She wore the enemy uniform, but she was no threat to me. I put my weapon on the floor and wrapped my arms around her. She did the same. She put her head on my chest.
"Oh.," she said with a deep exhale. "You feel so good."
Her fingers ran up and down my back. She took deep breathes and pressed her face to my chest.
"Hold me tight. I want to feel you hold me. Like you care for me."
I pulled her to me.
"Oh.. ", she gasped. "That's wonderful. Thank you," she said.
The gunfire faded away. There were no more exploding shells. The night air was cool. We sat on the floor of that wrecked building, locked in each other 's arms. After I held her for a while, she pulled her face from my chest. She looked at me and I looked into her. She was so amazingly beautiful.
"Will you kiss me?" she asked. "A real kiss, as if.. As if you cared."
She licked her lips and gently parted them. I could see little stars reflected in her eyes. I put my lips to hers. When I did, she really kissed me. There was such passion in her. She gripped me and worked her lips and tongue all over mine. We kissed as if we were the very best of lovers. As if we had known each other forever. There was a deep yearning in her. She wanted all the passion I had. I fell into her and we melted together.
She ran her mouth over the sides of my face. She gently kissed my closed eyes and affectionately caressed my face. She pressed her mouth to my ear. She softly whispered to me.
"Please tell me you care about me. Tell me I'm important to you. Even if you don't mean it."
I made her look at me. She tired to turn her eyes away.
"I do care about you. I'm glad I found you."
A warm smile came to her face.
"Do you really mean it?"
I ran my palm over her warm face.
"Yeah, I mean it."
She looked to the open sky.
"How much time do we have?"
"What do you mean?"
"Before sunrise. Before they come to get me."
I really didn't know. I made up a number.
"Four hours," I said.
She took a deep breathe and sighed.
"Four hours, that's not very long."
She rested her head on my chest.
"Hold me tight. Tight as you can."
I held her and she held me back. She moved to get as close to me as she could. She raised her head from my chest and kissed me. Each time was better than the last. We were sharing something very intimate. I didn't think about it, I just enjoyed it. She put her lips to my ear. She softly whispered.
"Will you make love to me?"
She kissed my cheek and looked into my eyes.
"Hold me like I was your lover. Even if you don't mean it."
There was a section of the building which still had a roof. I cleared off the floor and removed my shirt. I laid it down and she laid on top of it. I unbuttoned her shirt and held her warm soft breasts. There was no fear in her face.
"Do you care about me?" she asked.
"Yes," I said.
She smiled and took off her shirt. Her skin was perfect. Her nipples were round and hard. When I kissed them, small goose bumps rose on her flesh. I slipped off her pants and underwear. She was naked and so sensuous. Her dark hair was free and loose about her shoulders. Her knees were slightly raised. I slipped out of my pants and laid on top of her. When our flesh met, she shivered.
"You're so warm. so strong."
She parted her legs and wrapped her soft thighs around me. She was very wet and I easily slid inside of her.
She quickly sucked in her breathe and tightened her grip.
"Oh.." she gasped.
"Are you okay?" I asked.
"Yes, I'm fine," she said and kissed my face. "You're so hard and big and hot."
I slowly rocked back and forth on her. A soft smile came to her face.
"Tell me you love me," she said. "Even if you don't mean it."
I tired to say it, but I couldn't. She saw I was having a hard time saying those words.
"Tell me you care about me."
I pushed all the way inside of her. Her tender flesh surrounded me. I looked into her eyes.
"I do care about you."
That seemed to satisfy her. She pulled my head to her and bit my ear.
"Enjoy our time," she said. "I want to please you."
We settled into a slow powerful rhythm. She moved her hips with me, she held me and did everything she could to please me. After a while, I felt myself start to build.
"Give it to me," she said. "Let it go."
I couldn't hold it any longer. I pressed into her and let out a gasp. My eyes closed and I exploded inside her. She was open and took everything I had. I laid on top of her and all the tension left my body. She blew on the side of my face. She lightly ran her fingers over my back.
"Did you enjoy that?" she asked.
"Yes," I said. "Very much."
I pulled out of her and laid on the floor. She rolled on top of me and rested her head on my chest. She ran her fingers over my skin and though my hair. She gazed into my eyes.
"Please say you love me. You don't have to really mean it. I just want to hear you say it."
I tried, but I couldn't do it. She rested her head on my chest and kissed me.
"I love you," she said. "I feel it inside. It feels good."
We held each other, but we didn't talk. I enjoyed her warmth and she seemed to do the same.
"How much more time?" she asked.
"I honestly don't know."
"Will you make love to me again?"
She rolled under me and I slid back inside. This time I wanted to please her. I slide very deep inside of her. She was so open and hot. I didn't stop and I didn't rest. I varied my movement until I found the angle which seemed to please her the most. She began to tighten up. Her knees raised and she held me tightly.
"I want you cum," I whispered in her ear.
"Would that please you?" she asked.
"Yes, cum for me."
I slammed her as hard as I could.
"Oh.." she gasped.
I could feel her holding her breathe. I kept giving it to her until she exhaled and relaxed. I held her in my arms. Our bodies were pressed together.
"That was good, very good.." she said.
I pulled out of her and she lay on top of me. We looked at each other.
"Thank you," she said.
We held each other for a little while. I enjoyed her warmth. The sky began to fill with light. The sun was rising. I sat up and she sat on her knees next to me.
"We should get dressed," I said.
She looked at her uniform.
"There's no reason for me to get dressed. I have nowhere to go."
I put my hands on her shoulders.
"No, Kree, that's not right. You can come back with me, no one will harm you."
She put her warm hands on my face.
"No, they won't hurt me, but I'll hurt them."
She guided my hands down her belly. She pressed my fingers hard into her abdomen. I felt a flat plate, like metal. I jumped to my feet.
"No!" I said. "That can't be. The charge would have detonated."
A horrible thought flashed into my mind. A cold chill ran down my spine.
"Wait a second.. The corporal said it would go off if a man approached.."
I picked up my uniform and feverishly looked through it. Inside my shirt, in small black print, the following words were written: Organization of Biological Industrial Engineering OBIE REPLACEMENT SOLIDER.
I grabbed my knife and sliced my wrist. A dark green fluid seeped from the cut. The knife fell from my hand and I dropped to my knees.
"Shit," I said. "I'm not real."
Kree put her warm arms around me.
"I'm sorry," she said. "So sorry."
I looked at her beautiful face and soft eyes. I thought about the time we had shared. How she had held me and cared for me.
"Don't be sorry. You gave me something I was never going to know. Something real and true. For a while I was really alive."
"We were both alive," she said and held me tight.
I could hear voices approaching.
"You better leave," Kree said.
I held her warm breasts to my chest. I kissed her and she kissed me back.
"I don't have anywhere to go," I said.
She looked into me with those big eyes.
"Tell me you love me."
"I love you. I truly do."
A big smile came to her face. The sounds of footsteps grew near.
I pulled her to me and we locked onto each other. She was smiling and so was I. Voices and footsteps were inside the building. Someone was approaching us.
She put her warm lips to my ear. Very softly, she whispered.


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Watch Whales breach from your window
Explore the beautiful rugged coastline
Enjoy the most spectacular Ocean views
Enjoy the nearby world class golf courses
Take a tour of their fabulous floating wine cellar
The most spectacular seaside Relais & Chataux property in the southern hemisphere
Hermanus enjoys a moderate climate all year round. In peak summer season, from December to February, temperatures can climb as high as 34ºC, although winter temperatures can drop to as low as 4ºC. Generally, this season has many sunny days with high wind at times. During the winter months of June, July, and August, expect frequent rains and a couple of chilly evenings.
Head to the Sun Lounge cocktail bar just before dinner and watch the whales as the sun sets.
Head to the Sun Lounge cocktail bar just before dinner and watch the whales as the sun sets.
Grab some sundowners from your mini bar and go and sit on one of the hidden benches along the coastal path to watch the sun set
Grab some sundowners from your mini bar and go and sit on one of the hidden benches along the coastal path to watch the sun set
The Marine is situated on a cliff in Hermanus and has some of the most spectacular sea views in the southern hemisphere. The Marine has 40 bedrooms and suites with views over the bay and the Overberg Mountains.
With understated luxury and sophisticated décor, the Marine Hotel comprises 40 luxury rooms and suites. Spectacular views out to sea can be enjoyed from your bedroom window, including some of the best land-based whale watching in the world (between July and November). Rooms feature elegant furniture, king size beds and luxurious ensuite bathrooms.
The hotel's spa is outstanding and features a steam room, dynamic hydro bath table for mud and gel body wrap treatments and a Vicci shower. Other facilities at the Marine include a heated salt water pool, boutique and various dining options serving sumptuous local cuisine, a cocktail bar and an extensive 'floating' wine cellar stocking some of South Africa's finest wines and spirits.
Enjoy coastal walks with exquisite views across Walker Bay, where there is nothing between you and the Antarctic, other than a few thousand miles of ocean. Other activities in the local area include Great White Shark cage diving, fishing, wine tours, hiking in the nearby Fernkloof Nature Reserve, birdwatching, scuba diving, snorkelling and some world class golf.
The Marine Hotel comprises 42 luxury rooms and suites. Spectacular views can be enjoyed from your bedroom window, including some of the best land-based whale watching in the world (July to November). Rooms feature elegant furniture, king size beds and luxurious bathrooms.
Children are welcome at the Marine hotel although there are no specific facilities. There is plenty for them to do in the local area such as visits to Monkeyland, Birds of Eden, the Elephant Sanctuary and Tenikwa Wildlife Awareness Centre.
Facilities at the hotel include a spa, a heated salt water pool, boutique and various dining options serving sumptuous local cuisine, a cocktail bar and an extensive 'floating' wine cellar stocking some of South Africa's finest wine.
The Marine Hotel offers complimentary whale watching, walking and use of the heated saltwater pool and tidal pool. Spa treatments are charged additionally.
The hotel has a fantastic location right on the cliffs above the marine pool, which if your feeling brave you can have a dip in, alternatively stick to the hotel's pool! You are right next to the cliff path for a spectacular walk dipping in and out of hedgerows and popping out for amazing views. The rooms are large and well appointed but do request a sea view room!
The location of this hotel is superb, right on the waters edge on a low cliff, with great sea views. If you are here for the whale migration (Jul to Oct) then you can view the southern rights from the hotel. An awesome sight.
Its a very well-appointed hotel and quite traditional in style. The rooms are decorated in light colours and blues to reflect the location by the sea. Pleasant as it is, there is not a huge amount to do in Hermanus outside the whale season but it is a great place to relax with a gorgeous sea view at any time of year. Also the weather is better outside the whale season, which is during the South African winter and spring.
I would recommend this more for slightly older couples and families.
Explore the fascinating coastal caves in the cliffs below Grootbos. Your knowledgeable guide will explain the history of human habitation going back in time to a period when the Stone Age people and Khoi bushman called the caves home.
Take-off from Grootbos' private airstrip for a magical flight over the Walker Bay area, from July to October enjoy incredible sightings of Southern Right Whales from the air.
The Cape Floral Region has the highest concentration of plant species in the world. Staggeringly this recognised UNESCO World Heritage Site holds three times the diversity of species than the Amazon rainforest.
Great white shark cage diving is an experience like no other. To get up close to the ocean's number one predator in its natural environment is a humbling experience you will never forget.
Enjoy exploring the dramatic landscapes of South Africa on horseback, an experience to be included on any visit.
Take an unforgettable flight over Hermanus and Walkerbay with experienced and professional pilots. With easy take off and landing spots, all you need is a warm jumper and a sense of adventure!
Plettenberg Bay Game Reserve is the largest game reserve in the Southern Cape and is in the perfect location for anyone who wants to experience a one day, big game viewing experience along the Garden Route.
A short ferry ride from the V and A Waterfront in Cape Town is the famous Robben Island, a cultural must-do when staying in Cape Town, this trip gives an insight into South Africa's difficult history, as well as brilliant views across Cape Towns harbour.
The Robberg Peninsula is an outcrop of land from the western side of Plettenberg Bay. The Peninsula is now a nature reserve and a marine protected area which makes for spectacular scenery, wildlife, flora and fauna.
Explore the stunning coastline of WalkerBay and see some of its abundant marine life at close range. All of the guides are extremely experienced and after a short training session, you will head out to the Marine Reserve for a unique and fun experience.
Seal Island, is a small island, around 200 meters in length and a 15-minute boat ride from Hout Bay. The island has become a breeding colony for around 6000 Cape Fur Seals and several operators offer daily trips to the island.
Tenikwa Wildlife Awareness Centre at Plettenberg Bay offers guests a truly unique wildcat experience as they are taken on a guided tour of cheetah, leopard, serval, caracal and other wildcats, baboons and birds.
Southern right whales visit the Western Cape from about June to December every year. These beautiful gentle giants congregate to the shores of Hermanus all the way along the coast line towards Plettenberg Bay.
The Marine is located on Marine Drive, perched on the cliffs overlooking Hermanus' Walker Bay. The Marine commands 360-degree view of the surrounding seascape and Overberg Mountains.
The nearest airport is Cape Town International, an eleven and a half hour international flight from the UK. The hotel is 106km away, an hour and a half by car. Transfers can be arranged.
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Jessica graduated from University of Newcastle with a Bachelor of Physiotherapy with honours. Jess has since gone on to complete her Masters in Advanced Paediatric Physiotherapy Practice.
Jess is a physiotherapist with a strong passion in helping people. She is passionate about providing services to those in rural communities with the aim to minisie the need for people to travel for assistance. Jess enjoys educating the younger population whether this is through having year 10 work experience students through to physiotherapy undergraduate students. Sport is something Jess is very passionate about! She plays indoor netball, touch and has been involved in the local soccer club.
Jess has also dabbled in research where she presented at the 13th National Rural Health Conference in 2015 and has a research article published; Physical activity of rurally resdiding children with a disability: A survey of parents and carers.
Jess believes that physiotherapy involves both a hands on and enabling approach with the aim to empower people to help themselves.
– Kinesio Taping Course
– Musculoskeletal Segmental and Dry Needling for Physio
– Jenny McConnell Approach To the Problem Shoulder
– Jenny McConnell rescuing the younger knee
– Explain pain
– Rheumatoid Arthritis Update
– Developmental Coordination Disability
– Craig Allingham Shoulder course
If you would like to book an appointment with Jessica please click here.


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【吸收财讯】升困井革鼎震继 -> 世界在你眼前!
We've featured some impressive body art on Oddity Central, like Luca Luce's face-painted optical illusions or the colorful chest artworks of Georgina Ryland, but nothing quite like the detailed lip art of Ryan Kelly. The talented makeup artist paints tiny yet intricate portraits of celebrities and popular characters on her lips.
Looking at the kind of detail Ryan Kelly is able to produce on such a tiny and unusual canvas, it's hard to believe that her lip art started out as a joke. Four years ago, Ryan and her husband were on the couch watching Katy Perry's Superbowl halftime show, when their attention was caught by one of her dancers, who later went viral as "Left Shark". He was fumbling through the choreography, but looked cool doing it, and they both found him hilarious. It was the makeup artist's husband who suggested that she paint a shark on her lips and the fins on her fingers so she could puppet her very own Left Shark performance. She did just that and posted a photo of her facial makeover on social media. The response was overwhelmingly positive and inspired her to delve deeper into lip art.
Photo: Ryan Kelly/Instagram
If people thought Ryan Kelly's version of Left Shark was impressive four years ago, they should really check out her more recent creations, because they're on a whole other level. While her designs have been getting ever smaller, covering only her lips, they've also gotten insanely detailed at the same time. For example, her portraits of Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper in 'A Star Is Born' looks almost like a scaled down photo of them.
Before her daughter was born, Kelly used to spend hours on end free-hand drawing her tiny masterpieces, but she's since had to come up with a way to speed up the process, so she could spend more time with her toddler. Luckily, she discovered transfer paper, which allows her to draw the design on paper before adjusting the size to fit her lips and transferring it on her "kisser". She still has to paint the whole thing by hand, though, so it's not as easy as some people think.
"It's funny, I think sometimes people think using what is essentially a stencil is an easy way out. Truthfully, it's a much longer process from start to finish. It's just easier to break up throughout the day," Ryan Kelly told Yahoo. "I try to freehand as much as I can, but when I became a mom, I promised myself that I would continue to make art a priority in my life. This new process is how I've been able to keep that promise."
The makeup artist spends at least two hours on each of her projects, and almost always relies on water-activated face paint, because creamy lipstick just isn't suited for drawing faces and tiny details.
From intricate portraits of celebrities like Rihanna, to comics characters like Deadpool or Aquaman, and even popular internet memes, it seems like there is nothing Ryan Kelly can't paint on her lips.


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I'm not into BDSM, it's abuse and torture to get an O or O's.
This movie is cinderella, I can already tell from the trailer, plus Hollywood's fav format, it's a for sure winner at the box office.
Without seeing this movie, my guess is lonely poor Anastasia Steele meets her prince charming who sweeps her off her feet and brings her into his world of BDSM. He's all about control in and out of the boardroom. BDSM is not love, it's abuse, torture, pain and Mr. Grey will cause her these things to get his O's. In this movie it will be dressed up, glamorized to look and feel good visually. Make you go, maybe thats what's missing in my life.
I'll watch it, I don't get a sexual rise from pain, abuse and torture, but some men and women do. This is where rape fantasies come into play as well as other scenerios.
I love costumes, role playing games in the real world, you can cheat on me with me. As I'm older, dressing up as a Catholic School Girl, a Cheerleader, a Naughty Girl Scout, Alice In Gothland etc etc doesn't really work but I can dress up as a Lawyer, Doctor, Waitress etc etc outside of the bedroom, so many ways to cheat on you with you too or hee hee. We can play this game,


text: Can I apply for an overdraft on a pension? Yes, you can apply for a personal overdraft if you have regular pension payments into that account for 3 months or more. How do I apply for an overdraft? Last updated: July 02, 2019 Existing Customer Did this answer your question? Your answer helps us improve our Support Centre Yes No Thank you for your feedback!


text:
- bright pink lace
- 100% pure Cotton
- self adhesive backside
- ca. 2 cm width
- ca. 5 m on roll
With our self-adhesive lace, you can decorate your envelopes, cards and gift wraps quickly, creatively and easily.
On the back there is a transparent tape with the cotton lace can be attached quickly and easily to kraft cardboard, cardboard, paper and many other surfaces.
Very suitable to make the photo boxes, boxes, gifts, CD packaging, invitation cards and envelopes to decorate.
For many occasions like Valentine's Day, Birthday, Wedding or silver wedding, christenings and Christmas.
The top is a beautiful addition to our packaging brown kraft cardboard.
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Stand or sit facing the patient in a darkened treatment area. Unilaterally test the pupillary response to light, but do not cover the other eye. Turn on the flashlight and then turn it towards the patient's eye for about 1 to 2 seconds using a quick lateral to medial movement. Repeat the above procedure twice for each eye to observe the direct response in the ipsilateral eye (CN II) and to observe the consensual responses in the contralateral eye (CN III), as pictured to the right. Document normal or abnormal responses.
Special Instructions or Considerations


text:
Hays man charged with rape, assault at reservoir
May 13, 2002
The Blaine County Sheriff's Department on Friday arrested a Hays man on three felony charges and accused him of raping a juvenile girl at a reservoir south of Cleveland the previous evening.
Timothy Boyd Plummer, 29, was charged with sexual intercourse without consent, sexual assault and assault with a weapon. He is being held on $85,000 bond in the Hill County Detention Center.
Charges have not yet been filed against Plummer in District Court in Blaine County. If convicted, he faces a maximum of life imprisonment and $150,000 in fines.
On Friday at 1:56 a.m., the sheriff's department received a call from a hospital in Fort Belknap, where a juvenile girl reported that she had been sexually assaulted, Blaine County Undersheriff Joel Pruttis said.
The sheriff's office obtained two search warrants, one for Plummer and the other for a vehicle, Pruttis said.
Evidence from both searches resulted in Plummer's arrest later Friday morning, Pruttis said.
The alleged rape occurred one mile south of Cleveland, at the Faber Reservoir. A carload of people, including Plummer and the victim, had driven there earlier that day, Pruttis said.
Plummer was also charged in connection with an altercation that occurred after the alleged rape, Pruttis said. While fighting with two men, Plummer assaulted one of them with a bottle, the officer said.
Before the alleged rape, Plummer inappropriately touched another juvenile girl, prompting the sexual assault charge, Pruttis said.
Pruttis declined to disclose the victims' ages, residences or if they suffered any injuries.


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HANOI, June 11 (Xinhua) -- Vietnam's central bank on Monday adjusted up its reference exchange rate between Vietnamese dong and U.S. dollar by nine Vietnamese dong to 22,567 Vietnamese dong per U.S. dollar.
With the current trading band of plus or minus 3 percent, the ceiling exchange rate is 23,244 Vietnamese dong per U.S. dollar, and the floor rate is 21,890 Vietnamese dong per U.S. dollar, said the State Bank of Vietnam.
Meanwhile, listed rates at big commercial banks in Vietnam were adjusted differently. BIDV raised both rates by five Vietnamese dong to 22,765 Vietnamese dong per U.S. dollar for buying and 22,835 Vietnamese dong per U.S. dollar for selling.
Vietcombank cut the buying rate by 15 Vietnamese dong to 22,765 Vietnamese dong per U.S. dollar and the selling rate by 35 Vietnamese dong to 22,835 Vietnamese dong per U.S. dollar.
Last week, the reference exchange rates saw one up and three downs with total magnitude of five Vietnamese dong and 13 Vietnamese dong, respectively.
According to Vietnam's National Financial Supervisory Commission, the central exchange rate in late 2017 rose around 1.6 percent against early 2017, while the average rate offered by commercial banks decreased 0.2 percent, and on the free market dropped some 1.5 percent.


text:
This post is about using the thesis to create an outline.
These quilt panels offer insight into the relationship between Disney Fandom and the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
- How is the Disney Fandom embodied in my quilt panels? (What about other panels?)
- What is the Disney fandom? (What is the scope of the Disney fandom to be considered in the analysis?)
- What was the relationship in 1980s-90s?
- What is the relationship today?
- Conclusion: How has Disney fandom contributed/ameliorated the AIDS epidemic?
- Works cited
- Image citations


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Dear Mapleservice:
On August 27th my hot water faucet to my bathtub lost its rubber washer, due to wear and tear of lots of use. The faucet needed a brand new washer and Mapleservice is who I called. Like I mentioned before, it was August 27th around 8pm. So I had to request the "on call" plumber working that night. I called and got the recorded message stating that a plumber would return my message within 15 minutes. Just as requested, my phone range in about 15 minutes and Seth Deaton said he would be right over after his services in Fortuna - he'd call me as he was departing Fortuna. Just as 8:45pm came around, my phone rang again and Seth said he was on his way. As he arrived, I welcomed him in my home and explained my issue. he was very courteous and professional - he fixed the problem - right away. My 5 year old son was also enthused with Seth's work and kindness.
Thanks again,
Jean Chiles


text:
from the Past
Okay, we said
we would't do it, but it's Sunday afternoon, the finals were all
played yesterday, and we're starting to get people complaining
to us that the AICF site hasn't been updated.
Barking up
the wrong tree folks. But to try to help, here's the final results
of yesterday's Grand Finals. As you can see, Queensland had a
team in every Grand Final, but didn't quite take out the full
Open Men:
Queensland def North Queensland
Open Women:
Queensland def Victoria
Victoria def Queensland
18 &
Under Boys:
Queensland def South Australia
16 &
Under Boys:
Western Australia def Queensland
Our contact
in South Australia hasn't been in touch today, so we're afraid
we can't give you the Players of the Series information. But we
know who you should ask :)
© Indoor Cricket World


text:
Scott, Jeremy (2014) Creative Writing and Stylistics. In: Burke, Michael, ed. The Routledge Handbook of Stylistics. Routledge Handbooks in English Language Studies . Routledge, London, pp. 423-439. ISBN 978-0-415-52790-3. (doi:10.4324/9781315795331) (The full text of this publication is not currently available from this repository. You may be able to access a copy if URLs are provided) (KAR id:42764)
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This chapter will explore a selection of the many potential interfaces between stylistics and creative writing, and will proceed from the premise that these interfaces have been underexplored to date. The observations are intended to relate not just to the pedagogy of the two disciplines, but also to the act of writing 'at the coalface'.
In the introductory section, the fundamental paradigms of the chapter will be set out: first, stylistics' posing of the question of whether or not there is such a thing as a 'literary language', and, second, the dichotomy between mimesis and diegesis (loosely characterised in the Aristotelian sense as 'showing' versus 'telling'). In 'Historical Perspectives', a short discussion of connections between structuralist narratology and the act of writing will be combined with observations about the historical relationship between rhetoric and composition. The two paradigms come together in a 'Critical Issues and Topics' section, with the proposition that in literary discourse, the reader is 'seeing through language' (in both senses of that phrase), and that it will benefit the writer to take account of the processes involved in practice. A cline exists between 'standard' discourse, which aspires towards transparency, to more self-conscious, linguistically deviant modes of expression, often considered to be somehow more 'literary'. The writer may situate their 'voice', whether in poetry or narrative fiction, at either end of this cline, or, much more commonly, at a point somewhere along it, or even fluctuating back and forth across it. The position of the voice on this cline is also a characteristic of literary genre (i.e. poetry versus prose). The 'Recommendations for Practice' section is the most substantial, and will include discussion of the following stylistic 'tropes' in direct relation to creative practice, and exercises through which the various topics can be explored: linguistic deviation and figurative language, point of view and focalisation, representing speech and thought, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and, finally, rhythm and metre, sound and sense. 'Future Directions' will speculate on further possible connections between developing areas of stylistics and creative writing, e.g. cognitive stylistics, text-world theory and deictic shift theory.
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|Uncontrolled keywords:
|Stylistics, Creative Writing, Narratology, Linguistic deviation, figurative language, point of view, focalisation, metaphor, prosody
P Language and Literature
P Language and Literature > P Philology. Linguistics
Faculties > Humanities > School of European Culture and Languages
Faculties > Humanities > School of European Culture and Languages > English Language and Linguistics
|Depositing User:
|Jeremy Scott
|Date Deposited:
|29 Aug 2014 12:54 UTC
|Last Modified:
|29 May 2019 13:02 UTC
|Resource URI:
|https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/42764 (The current URI for this page, for reference purposes)
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text: Middle Cerebral Artery: The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities.Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery: NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.Cerebral Arteries: The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.Cerebrovascular Circulation: The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.Brain Ischemia: Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.Cerebral Infarction: The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).Cerebral Arterial Diseases: Pathological conditions of intracranial ARTERIES supplying the CEREBRUM. These diseases often are due to abnormalities or pathological processes in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; and POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial: A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum.Cerebral Angiography: Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium.Ischemic Attack, Transient: Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)Arterial Occlusive Diseases: Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.Anterior Cerebral Artery: Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the CAUDATE NUCLEUS; INTERNAL CAPSULE; PUTAMEN; SEPTAL NUCLEI; GYRUS CINGULI; and surfaces of the FRONTAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE.Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Blood Flow Velocity: A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.Posterior Cerebral Artery: Artery formed by the bifurcation of the BASILAR ARTERY. Branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply portions of the OCCIPITAL LOBE; PARIETAL LOBE; inferior temporal gyrus, brainstem, and CHOROID PLEXUS.Brain Edema: Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)Reperfusion: Restoration of blood supply to tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. It is primarily a procedure for treating infarction or other ischemia, by enabling viable ischemic tissue to recover, thus limiting further necrosis. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing REPERFUSION INJURY.Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis: Embolism or thrombosis involving blood vessels which supply intracranial structures. Emboli may originate from extracranial or intracranial sources. Thrombosis may occur in arterial or venous structures.Stroke: A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)Neuroprotective Agents: Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.Basilar Artery: The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries.Carotid Artery, Internal: Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose.Intracranial Aneurysm: Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841)Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Brain Infarction: Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.Cerebrovascular Disorders: A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Carotid Arteries: Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.Cerebral Revascularization: Microsurgical revascularization to improve intracranial circulation. It usually involves joining the extracranial circulation to the intracranial circulation but may include extracranial revascularization (e.g., subclavian-vertebral artery bypass, subclavian-external carotid artery bypass). It is performed by joining two arteries (direct anastomosis or use of graft) or by free autologous transplantation of highly vascularized tissue to the surface of the brain.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Temporal Arteries: Arteries arising from the external carotid or the maxillary artery and distributing to the temporal region.Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Cerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.Infarction, Anterior Cerebral Artery: NECROSIS occurring in the ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY system, including branches such as Heubner's artery. These arteries supply blood to the medial and superior parts of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, Infarction in the anterior cerebral artery usually results in sensory and motor impairment in the lower body.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Umbilical Arteries: Specialized arterial vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry waste and deoxygenated blood from the FETUS to the mother via the PLACENTA. In humans, there are usually two umbilical arteries but sometimes one.Constriction: The act of constricting.Reperfusion Injury: Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Intracranial Embolism: Blocking of a blood vessel in the SKULL by an EMBOLUS which can be a blood clot (THROMBUS) or other undissolved material in the blood stream. Most emboli are of cardiac origin and are associated with HEART DISEASES. Other non-cardiac sources of emboli are usually associated with VASCULAR DISEASES.Aneurysm, Ruptured: The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.Cerebral Cortex: The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.Circle of Willis: A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Ultrasonography, Doppler: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)Vertebral Artery: The first branch of the SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY with distribution to muscles of the NECK; VERTEBRAE; SPINAL CORD; CEREBELLUM; and interior of the CEREBRUM.Cerebral Veins: Veins draining the cerebrum.Carotid Artery Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.Regional Blood Flow: The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.Neurologic Examination: Assessment of sensory and motor responses and reflexes that is used to determine impairment of the nervous system.Tissue Plasminogen Activator: A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases.Pia Mater: The innermost layer of the three meninges covering the brain and spinal cord. It is the fine vascular membrane that lies under the ARACHNOID and the DURA MATER.Vasoconstriction: The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Laser-Doppler Flowmetry: A method of non-invasive, continuous measurement of MICROCIRCULATION. The technique is based on the values of the DOPPLER EFFECT of low-power laser light scattered randomly by static structures and moving tissue particulates.Intracranial Thrombosis: Formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in a blood vessel within the SKULL. Intracranial thrombosis can lead to thrombotic occlusions and BRAIN INFARCTION. The majority of the thrombotic occlusions are associated with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Carotid Artery Thrombosis: Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.Cerebral Palsy: A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Vasodilation: The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Cats: The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)Echoencephalography: Use of reflected ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologic processes.Intracranial Arteriosclerosis: Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.Blood-Brain Barrier: Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.Mesenteric Arteries: Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.Carotid Stenosis: Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)Renal Artery: A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.Carotid Artery, External: Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and the greater part of the neck.Femoral Artery: The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.Fibrinolytic Agents: Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to FIBRINOLYSIN.Pulsatile Flow: Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.Angiography, Digital Subtraction: A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues.Craniotomy: Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)Ear, Middle: The space and structures directly internal to the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE and external to the inner ear (LABYRINTH). Its major components include the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE that connects the cavity of middle ear (tympanic cavity) to the upper part of the throat.Collateral Circulation: Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Rats, Inbred SHR: A strain of Rattus norvegicus with elevated blood pressure used as a model for studying hypertension and stroke.Moyamoya Disease: A noninflammatory, progressive occlusion of the intracranial CAROTID ARTERIES and the formation of netlike collateral arteries arising from the CIRCLE OF WILLIS. Cerebral angiogram shows the puff-of-smoke (moyamoya) collaterals at the base of the brain. It is characterized by endothelial HYPERPLASIA and FIBROSIS with thickening of arterial walls. This disease primarily affects children but can also occur in adults.Hypocapnia: Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.Ultrasonography, Prenatal: The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.Vasospasm, Intracranial: Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).Intracranial Pressure: Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.Thrombolytic Therapy: Use of infusions of FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS to destroy or dissolve thrombi in blood vessels or bypass grafts.Recovery of Function: A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.Injections, Intra-Arterial: Delivery of drugs into an artery.Muscle, Smooth, Vascular: The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.Infarction, Posterior Cerebral Artery: NECROSIS induced by ISCHEMIA in the POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which supplies portions of the BRAIN STEM; the THALAMUS; TEMPORAL LOBE, and OCCIPITAL LOBE. Depending on the size and location of infarction, clinical features include OLFACTION DISORDERS and visual problems (AGNOSIA; ALEXIA; HEMIANOPSIA).Papio: A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, consisting of five named species: PAPIO URSINUS (chacma baboon), PAPIO CYNOCEPHALUS (yellow baboon), PAPIO PAPIO (western baboon), PAPIO ANUBIS (or olive baboon), and PAPIO HAMADRYAS (hamadryas baboon). Members of the Papio genus inhabit open woodland, savannahs, grassland, and rocky hill country. Some authors consider MANDRILLUS a subgenus of Papio.Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)Radial Artery: The direct continuation of the brachial trunk, originating at the bifurcation of the brachial artery opposite the neck of the radius. Its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to the three regions in which the vessel is situated, the forearm, wrist, and hand.Surgical Instruments: Hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Constriction, Pathologic: The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Carotid Artery, Common: The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries.Tetrazolium Salts: Quaternary salts derived from tetrazoles. They are used in tests to distinguish between reducing sugars and simple aldehydes, for detection of dehydrogenase in tissues, cells, and bacteria, for determination of corticosteroids, and in color photography. (From Mall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed, p455)Hemiplegia: Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Ophthalmic Artery: Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures.Dominance, Cerebral: Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.Coronary Artery Bypass: Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.Iliac Artery: Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.Vasodilator Agents: Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.Vasomotor System: The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.Endothelium, Vascular: Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.Body Temperature: The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.Hypoxia, Brain: A reduction in brain oxygen supply due to ANOXEMIA (a reduced amount of oxygen being carried in the blood by HEMOGLOBIN), or to a restriction of the blood supply to the brain, or both. Severe hypoxia is referred to as anoxia, and is a relatively common cause of injury to the central nervous system. Prolonged brain anoxia may lead to BRAIN DEATH or a PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE. Histologically, this condition is characterized by neuronal loss which is most prominent in the HIPPOCAMPUS; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; CEREBELLUM; and inferior olives.Neurosurgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.Malaria, Cerebral: A condition characterized by somnolence or coma in the presence of an acute infection with PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (and rarely other Plasmodium species). Initial clinical manifestations include HEADACHES; SEIZURES; and alterations of mentation followed by a rapid progression to COMA. Pathologic features include cerebral capillaries filled with parasitized erythrocytes and multiple small foci of cortical and subcortical necrosis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p136)Embolization, Therapeutic: A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with velocity detection combined with range discrimination. Short bursts of ultrasound are transmitted at regular intervals and the echoes are demodulated as they return.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Hypercapnia: A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.Homeostasis: The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon: A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A diagnostic technique that incorporates the measurement of molecular diffusion (such as water or metabolites) for tissue assessment by MRI. The degree of molecular movement can be measured by changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with time, as reflected by tissue microstructure. Diffusion MRI has been used to study BRAIN ISCHEMIA and tumor response to treatment.Mammary Arteries: Arteries originating from the subclavian or axillary arteries and distributing to the anterior thoracic wall, mediastinal structures, diaphragm, pectoral muscles and mammary gland.Hypothermia, Induced: Abnormally low BODY TEMPERATURE that is intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. In humans, mild or moderate hypothermia has been used to reduce tissue damages, particularly after cardiac or spinal cord injuries and during subsequent surgeries.Muscle Tonus: The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch. In skeletal muscle, tonus is dependent upon efferent innervation. (Stedman, 25th ed)Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Mice, Inbred C57BLMeningeal Arteries: Arteries which supply the dura mater.Rh Isoimmunization: The process by which fetal Rh+ erythrocytes enter the circulation of an Rh- mother, causing her to produce IMMUNOGLOBULIN G antibodies, which can cross the placenta and destroy the erythrocytes of Rh+ fetuses. Rh isoimmunization can also be caused by BLOOD TRANSFUSION with mismatched blood.Microcirculation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.Subclavian Artery: Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. It distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb.Functional Laterality: Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Gestational Age: The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Vasoconstrictor Agents: Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.Myography: The recording of muscular movements. The apparatus is called a myograph, the record or tracing, a myogram. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared: A noninvasive technique that uses the differential absorption properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin to evaluate tissue oxygenation and indirectly can measure regional hemodynamics and blood flow. Near-infrared light (NIR) can propagate through tissues and at particular wavelengths is differentially absorbed by oxygenated vs. deoxygenated forms of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Illumination of intact tissue with NIR allows qualitative assessment of changes in the tissue concentration of these molecules. The analysis is also used to determine body composition.Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.Partial Pressure: The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Injections, Intravenous: Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Endarterectomy, Carotid: The excision of the thickened, atheromatous tunica intima of a carotid artery.Autoradiography: The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Image Processing, Computer-Assisted: A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations: Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Brain Damage, Chronic: A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.Sutures: Materials used in closing a surgical or traumatic wound. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Fetal Growth Retardation: The failure of a FETUS to attain its expected FETAL GROWTH at any GESTATIONAL AGE.Blood Circulation Time: Determination of the shortest time interval between the injection of a substance in the vein and its arrival at some distant site in sufficient concentration to produce a recognizable end result. It represents approximately the inverse of the average velocity of blood flow between two points.Angiography: Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29)Stents: Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.Hyperventilation: A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.Biological Factors: Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.Brain Chemistry: Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.Brachial Artery: The continuation of the axillary artery; it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries.Splenic Artery: The largest branch of the celiac trunk with distribution to the spleen, pancreas, stomach and greater omentum.Coloring Agents: Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS.Cerebral Ventricles: Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).Blood Volume: Volume of circulating BLOOD. It is the sum of the PLASMA VOLUME and ERYTHROCYTE VOLUME.Electroencephalography: Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.Cerebrum: Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an outer cerebral cortex and a subcortical basal ganglia. The cerebrum includes all parts within the skull except the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, the PONS, and the CEREBELLUM. Cerebral functions include sensorimotor, emotional, and intellectual activities.Vascular Resistance: The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Coronary Vessels: The veins and arteries of the HEART.Ischemic Preconditioning: A technique in which tissue is rendered resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged ISCHEMIA and REPERFUSION by prior exposure to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion. (Am J Physiol 1995 May;268(5 Pt 2):H2063-7, Abstract)Cortical Spreading Depression: The decrease in neuronal activity (related to a decrease in metabolic demand) extending from the site of cortical stimulation. It is believed to be responsible for the decrease in cerebral blood flow that accompanies the aura of MIGRAINE WITH AURA. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 8th ed.)Brain Diseases: Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.Erythroblastosis, Fetal: A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of ERYTHROBLASTS in the circulation of the FETUS or NEWBORNS. It is a disorder due to BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, such as the maternal alloimmunization by fetal antigen RH FACTORS leading to HEMOLYSIS of ERYTHROCYTES, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), general edema (HYDROPS FETALIS), and SEVERE JAUNDICE IN NEWBORN.Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.Encephalocele: Brain tissue herniation through a congenital or acquired defect in the skull. The majority of congenital encephaloceles occur in the occipital or frontal regions. Clinical features include a protuberant mass that may be pulsatile. The quantity and location of protruding neural tissue determines the type and degree of neurologic deficit. Visual defects, psychomotor developmental delay, and persistent motor deficits frequently occur.Behavior, Animal: The observable response an animal makes to any situation.Hepatic Artery: A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.Cordocentesis: The collecting of fetal blood samples typically via ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND GUIDED FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION from the umbilical vein.Nitric Oxide Synthase: An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.Brain Injuries: Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Body Water: Fluids composed mainly of water found within the body.Intracranial Hypertension: Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.Anoxia: Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.Angioplasty, Balloon: Use of a balloon catheter for dilation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specific technique of BALLOON DILATION in coronary arteries, ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY is available.Caudate Nucleus: Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain.Intracranial Hemorrhages: Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.Tomography, Emission-Computed: Tomography using radioactive emissions from injected RADIONUCLIDES and computer ALGORITHMS to reconstruct an image.Fetal Diseases: Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.Corpus Striatum: Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.Mechanical Thrombolysis: Procedures to cause the disintegration of THROMBI by physical interventions.Decompressive Craniectomy: Excision of part of the skull. This procedure is used to treat elevated intracranial pressure that is unresponsive to conventional treatment.