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Level Of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli On Animals
Book: The Republic
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Livestock plays a polar function in the economic system of Pakistan being lending about 51.
8 % to the Agricultural value add-on and 11.3 % to National GDP with a Gross value add-on of Rs. 1287 one million millions. The farm animal industry of the state includes 33.
0 million cowss, 29.9 million American bisons, 27.4 million of sheep, 58.3 million caprine animals and 1.0 million camels. (Eco. Survey of Pak, 09).
Besides Milk and Milk merchandises, the farm animal industry besides contributes to carry through the meat demand of the state with a entire production of 2.84 million dozenss including beef, mouton and domestic fowl meat part of 1.6, 0.59 and 0.65 million dozenss, severally.
Other by merchandises of the meat industry includes 0.325 million dozenss of comestible offal 's, 46.82 million No. 's of backbones, 13.43 million No. 's of shells and 0.202 million dozenss of caput and trotters.
(Eco. Survey of Pak, 09).In past husbandmans were rise uping farm animal merely for subsistence but now-a-days with high production monetary value and more demand, this tendency has been changed and now livestock rise uping rise uping is a commercial concern.There is no specific strain for beef production in the state.
The husbandmans keep cowss and American bisons simply for milk production and when its production become vanishes due to old age or disease or any other job it is so presented to the meat industry for butchering. Meat industry besides depends on males of cowss and American bisons. In Paksitan scientists have made attempts to develop beef staff of life. They were successful to develop Narimaster, Charolais and Simmental crosses with Sahiwal, Dajal or Thari but their production and reproduction traits were non up to the criterions of good known alien beef strains (Bhatti and Khan, 1999).In urban countries butchering is done in authorities and private slaughter houses whereas in most of the rural countries, it is in private little abattoirs owned by meatmans themselves. Furthermore, butchering is done in perfectly unhygienic conditions.
The full animate being slaughtering operation is performed under same shed right from keeping of animate being boulder clay its transition into meat carcases. These meat carcases are so transported to retailer meat stores in unfastened trucks or pickups where displayed in unfastened air or stored without following hygienic steps and proper storage installation. Opportunities of microbic taint in meat cuts are much more under these conditions (Rehman, 2010).Microbes have the ability to multiply quickly, show physiological differences and withstand with unfavourable environmental conditions thereby found everyplace in the existence and can pollute the un-hygienically processed and stored nutrient merchandises. These contaminated points causes nutrient born diseases in worlds when consumed. In add-on some bugs can bring forth powerful chemicals and toxins in nutrient points which may take to nutrient borne toxic condition.
One of such type of most of import bacteriums is Escherichia coli 0157: H7 which is most prevailing serotype in nutrient born eruptions. The other most of import serotypes of Escherichia coli are O26, O111 which contribute in spread diseases through contaminated nutrient (Garcia, 2002). Shiga toxin (Stx) -producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an emergent pathogen associated with nutrient born diseases, particularly groceries of animate being beginning (Roldan et al.
, 2007).Although Escherichia coli is one of the chief dwellers of the enteric piece of land of most mammalians species, including worlds and birds but still Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 besides known as Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), may do watery diarrhea, hemorrhagic inflammatory bowel disease and hemolytic azotemic syndrome in worlds (Fairbrother and Nadeau, 2006). Blanco et Al.
1996 revealed that EHEC causes hemorrhagic inflammatory bowel disease by the ingestion of uncooked minced meat. Meat and meat merchandises, imbibing H2O and veggies contaminated with carnal fecal matters are likely major beginnings of E. coli O157 infection (Abong'o and Momba, 2008).Cattles are chief reservoir for VTEC O157 (Nielsen et al., 2002) and bacteriums can last on cowss farms for old ages (Hancock et al., 2001).
Arthur et Al. (2007) stated that cowss hides become contaminated with Escherichia coli O157: H7 via pathogen transmittal in feedlot, during conveyance and in lairage environment and bacteriums can be transferred into beef carcases at treating site.This survey is designed to happen the bacterial taint degree particularly of Escherichia coli on animate being organic structure coat, carcase shortly after slaughter and besides processing tools (cutting knife, meat chopper & A; chopper axe), H2O used for rinsing in the abattoir environment.The chief aims of the present survey are ;To find the concentration of Escherichia coli in meat at assorted phases by contaminated hair coat, H2O used, processing tools and unhygienic abattoir environment.To place toxin bring forthing pathogens like Escherichia coli that causes spoilage of meat.
To develop possible methods for meatmans to hold hygienic ruddy meat by cut downing microbic burden.
Meat and meat merchandises are highly perishable, so particular attention must be taken in managing during all operations. It is by and large recognized that the station mortem alterations associated with the transition of musculus into meat and the subsequent handling and storage are accompanied by some impairment irrespective of safeguards taken during processing and handling.Gorman et Al. (2002) elevated the incidence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to go disseminated from infected nutrients, such as fresh poulets, to manus and nutrient contact surfaces in the domestic kitchen, repeating the demand for consumer consciousness and cognition of effectual hygiene processs in the domestic kitchen.
Microorganism on carnal coats:
Scientific research suggested that animate being coat contains E.coli.
Scientists work how to cut down the infective figure burden on animate being organic structure (Reid et al. 2001). In this respect Castillo et al., (1999) compared the efficaciousness of a phosphorous acid-activated acidified Na chloride (PASC) spray and a citric acid-activated acidified Na chlorite (CASC) spray applied at room temperature (22.4 to 24.
7 grades C) in combination with a H2O wash with that of a H2O wash merely intervention for decrease of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium inoculated onto assorted hot-boned single beef carcase surface. Initial counts of 5.5 and 5.4 log CFU/cm2 were obtained after vaccination with E. coli O157: H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium, severally.
Pathogens were reduced by 3.8 to 3.9 log rhythms by H2O wash followed by PASC spray and by 4.5 to 4.6 log rhythms by H2O wash followed by CASC spray. Consequences of this survey indicate that acidified Na chlorite sprays are effectual for decontaminating beef carcase surfaces.
Reid et Al. (2001) conducted a survey for the microbic taint of beef, with micro-organisms transferred onto the carcase from the fell, during the slaughter and dressing procedures. The most contaminated country was the brisket with one in five animate beings proving positive for E. coli O157 (22.2 % prevalence on norm) and about one in 10 animate beings proving positive for Salmonella spp. (10.0 % prevalence on norm).
The least contaminated country on the cowss hides was the rump country (3.3 % prevalence for E. coli O157, 2.
2 % prevalence for Salmonella spp.). Brisket country is hence most likely to take to cross-contamination of beef during the de-hiding procedure.Fegan et Al. (2005) investigated Escherichia coli O157 taint of cowss during slaughter at an butchery.
E. coli O157 was detected utilizing automated immunomagnetic separation (AIMS) and cell counts were determined utilizing a combination of most likely figure (MPN) and AIMS. E.
coli O157 was isolated from 44 % fells. The prevalence in different groups ranged from less than 1 to 41 %. The Numberss of E. coli O157 differed among the animate beings groups. The group which contained the highest faecal (7.5 x 10 (5) MPN/g) and fell (22 MPN/cm2) counts in any single animate being was the lone group in which E. coli O157 was isolated from carcases, proposing a nexus between the Numberss of E.
coli O157 nowadays and the hazard of carcase taint. Processing patterns at this butchery were equal for minimising taint of carcases, even when animate beings were to a great extent contaminated with E. coli O157.Arthur et Al. (2007) conducted a survey on transit and lairage environment effects on prevalence, Numberss and diverseness of Escherichia coli O157: H7 on fells and carcases of beef cowss at processing. On three separate occasions, samples were obtained from cowss at the feedlot and once more after cowss were stunned and exsanguinated at the processing works (286 sum animate beings). The prevalence of E.
coli O157: H7 on fells increased from 50.3 to 94.4 % between the clip cowss were loaded onto tractor-trailers at the feedlot and the clip fells were removed in the processing works. Before conveyance, nine animate beings had E. coli O157: H7 in high Numberss (& gt; 0.4 CFU/cm2) on their fells. When sampled at the slaughter installation, the figure of animate beings with high fell Numberss had increased to 70.
Overall, merely 29 % of the E. coli O157: H7 isolates collected postharvest (221 of 764) matched pulsed-field gel cataphoresis types collected before conveyance. Consequences indicated that conveyance to and lairage at treating workss can take to additions in the prevalence and grade of E. coli O157: H7 taint on fells and the figure of E. coli O157: H7Dayna et Al. (2008) examined fell and carcase hygiene of cull cowss at slaughter, in U.S by mensurating the aerophilic home base count (APC) and the prevalence and burden of Salmonella and E.
coli O157: H7. The geometric mean Log10 APC settlement organizing unit (CFU) /100 cm2 degrees on fells, pre-evisceration and post-intervention carcases ranged from 6.17 to 8.
19, 4.24 to 6.47 and 1.
46 to 1.96, severally. Average prevalence of Salmonella on fells, pre-evisceration and post-intervention carcases was 89.
6 % and 50.2 % and 0.8 %, severally. Prevalence of E. coli O157: H7 was 46.9 % and 16.
7 % on fells and pre-evisceration carcases, severally. Examination of the attendant incidence of Salmonella and E. coli O157: H7 showed that on norm, 33.3 % of cowss fells and 4.
1 % of pre-evisceration carcase samples were contaminated with both pathogens. Pathogen prevalence on fells and carcases was non significantly affected by season, nevertheless, important differences were observed between workss with regard to incoming pathogen burden and the ability to extenuate fell to carcass transportation.
Prevalence of micro-organism in the butchery:
In Pakistan the hygienic state of affairs of slaughter houses is really disgustful and likely a major beginning of microbic taint particularly of E. coli into the meat carcases which finally impacting the consumer wellness. Unfortunately no 1 in Pakistan had work to happen out the degree and riddance of such bugs, but abroad many scientists have worked in this respect like Guyon et Al.
(2001) who identified jeopardy points and critical points during beef slaughtering, which is a necessary first measure toward developing a jeopardy analysis and critical control point system to command meat taint by Escherichia coli O157: H7, samples (n = 192) from surfaces, work tops, worker 's custodies, and beef carcases were collected from a abattoir in Calvados, France. This survey has shown that pre-evisceration and de-fatting station and associated worker 's stuffs are critical points for carcases taint by E. coli O157: H7 during beef slaughtering.Barkocy et Al. (2003) studied the seasonal prevalence of E. coli and found that 60 % of fells and 26 % of carcases samples have E.
coli which was sampled before the pre-evisceration wash. Salmonella prevalence peaked in fecal matters in the summer and was highest on fell and preevisceration carcases in the summer and the autumn. Non-O157 STEC prevalence besides appeared to change by season, but the efficiency in the recovery of isolates from stx-positive samples ranged from 37.5 to 83.8 % and could hold influenced these consequences.Gun et Al. (2003) studied the taint of bovine carcases and abattoir environment by Escherichia coli O157: H7 in Istanbul.
3.6 % of E. coli O157 were isolated from the cattle carcases and eight (2.4 %) of them gave positive reaction with anti-H: 7.
Six strains of E. coli O157 were isolated from the environmental samples and all strains were positive for H7. The figure of E.
coli O157H:7 strains isolated from the environmental samples was two from the knife, two from the custodies, one from the apron and one from the floor. No E. coli O157 was isolated from the abattoir H2O.Woerner et Al. (2006) determined the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in cowss and beef from the feedlot to the ice chest. Faecal raps from the feedlot pen floor were collected within 3 yearss before slaughter.
During cattle processing at the slaughter installation, extra samples were collected from the fell, from the colon, and from the carcases before and after evisceration and after concluding decontamination. Of 15 tonss (a group of cowss from the same pen from a feedlot) sampled, 47 % had a positive fell sample and 47 % had a positive carcase sample pre-evisceration; nevertheless, merely 8 % of tonss had a positive carcase sample postevisceration or after concluding intercession. Of the entire samples tested (n = 1,328) 14.7, 10.1, 1.4 and 0.3 % of faecal raps from the feedlot fell, pre-evisceration, postevisceration and concluding intercession samples, severally, were positive for E.
coli O157. Pens with greater than 20 % positive faecal raps from the feedlot floor had 25.5 % fell and 14.3, 2.
9 and 0.7 % carcase samples positive at pre-evisceration, at postevisceration and after concluding intercession, severally. However, the faecal raps from feedlot floor samples that contained less than 20 % positive faecal samples showed lower pathogen prevalence, with 5.
0 % fell and 6.3, 0 and 0 % carcase positive samples at pre-evisceration, postevisceration and post-final intercession, severally.Bosilevac et Al. (2009) studied the prevalence and numbering of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella in U.
S. butcheries that process fewer than 1000 caput of cowss per twenty-four hours. Across all workss, hide prevalence of E.
coli O157: H7 and Salmonella was 71 and 91 %, severally. Twelve per centum of fells had E. coli O157: H7 at countable degrees (& gt; or =40 CFU/100 cm2), while 36 % of fells had Salmonella at countable degrees.
Across all workss, the prevalence of E. coli O157: H7 on pre-evisceration carcases was 33 %, with 2 % at an countable degree (& gt; or = 0.8 CFU/ 100 cm2). Across all workss, Salmonella prevalence on pre-evisceration carcases was 58 %, with 8 % at an countable degree.
Significant plant-to-plant fluctuations in degrees and prevalence of pathogens on carcases were detected. Reduced degrees of pathogens on carcases were noted among little processors that had incorporated a hide-directed intercession.
Carcass microbic taint
In European states, they have made really rigorous nutrient safety policy and ordinance to cut down the degree of microbic taint in meat every bit low as possible.
At the clip of butchering procedure the bugs like E. coli gets into the meat carcases from the infected animate being organic structure coat, butchering floor, H2O used for rinsing of meat carcases and processing tools etc. which may cross-contaminate other carcases as good during storage and transit and serves as a possible beginnings of meat spoilage. In this context Chapman et Al. (1993) investigated cowss could function as a possible beginning of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections in adult male. During probe of the butchery, bovid rectal swabs and samples of meat and surface swabs from beef carcases were examined for E.
coli O157, isolates of which were tested for toxigenicity, plasmid content and phage type. E. coli O157 was isolated from 84 (4 %) of 2103 bovine rectal swabs; of these 84, 78 (93 %) were VT+, the most common phage types being 2 and 8, the types implicated in the bunch of human instances.
Positive cowss were from diverse beginnings within England. E. coli O157 was isolated from 30 % carcases of rectal swab-positive cowss and from 8 % carcases of rectal swab-negative cowss. The survey has shown that cowss may be a reservoir of VT+ E. coli O157 and that taint of carcases during slaughter and processing may be how beef and beef merchandises become contaminated and thereby convey the being to adult male.Richards et Al. (1998).
He studied the presence of verocytotoxic Escherichia coli O157 in bovine fecal matters submitted for diagnostic intents in England and Wales and on beef carcasss in butcheries in the United Kingdom. Contamination with verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) O157 was confirmed in 0.47 % of the 4067 (95 % assurance limits 0.
22-1.00 %) of cervix musculus samples. A important inclination for carcasss present in the same butchery on the same twenty-four hours to hold similar consequences was found, therefore proposing cross taint.
VTEC O157 was found in 0.83 % of 6495 bovine fecal matters samples routinely submitted for diagnostic intents to Veterinary Investigation Centres in England and Wales. Of the samples from cowss less than 6 months old, 3.
7 % of 68 samples from animate beings without GI disease were positive for E. coli O157, in contrast to 0.75 % of 2321 samples from instances of GI disease. No association with season or herd type (beef or dairy) was found.
Madden et Al. (2001) conducted a survey to find the incidence of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in beef carcase. Analysiss were based on excised samples of cervix meat taken less than 48 h post-kill. Overall, 780 carcases were sampled and all were negative for E. coli O157: H7. A sub-set of samples was analyzed for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes (n=200), Salmonella (n=200) and Campylobacter spp. (n=100).
L. monocytogenes was non detected but Listeria innocua was found on five carcases and Listeria seeligeri on one. Three carcases carried salmonellas; Salmonella Mbandaka was found on two and Salmonella Thompson on one.Chapman et Al. (2001) investigated Escherichia coli O157 in cowss and sheep at slaughter, on beef and lamb carcases and in natural beef and lamb merchandises in South Yorkshire, UK. Samples of rectal fecal matters were collected instantly after slaughter from 400 cowss and 600 sheep, and 400-430 samples of natural meat merchandises were purchased from meatmans ' stores. Meat samples were besides obtained from 1500 beef and 1500 lamb carcases.
All samples were examined for E. coli O157 by enrichment civilization, immunomagnetic separation and civilization of magnetic atoms onto cefixime tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar. Raw meat merchandises were besides examined for Numberss of generic E. coli by a standard membrane civilization method. E.
coli O157 was isolated from 620 (12.9 %) of 4800 cowss, 100 (7.4 %) of 7200 sheep, 21 (1.4 %) of 1500 beef carcases, 10 (0.
7 %) of 1500 lamb carcases and from 22 (0.44 %) of 4983 natural meat merchandises. E. coli O157 was isolated more often from lamb merchandises (0.8 %) than from beef merchandises (0.
4 %). Numbers of generic E. coli in meat merchandises reached seasonal extremums in July and August with counts of & gt; 10 (4) /g happening more often in lamb merchandises (50.8 and 42.
4 %, severally) than in beef merchandises (19.3 and 23.8 %, severally). The bulk of E. coli O157 strains, from animate beings, carcases and meat samples, were isolated during the summer. Most were verocytotoxigenic as determined by Vero cell check and DNA hybridization, eaeA cistron positive and contained a 92 kilobit plasmid. The isolates were compared with 66 isolates from human instances over the same period.
A combination of phage type, toxin genotype and plasmid analysis allowed subdivision of all the E. coli O157 isolates into 96 subtypes. Of these subtypes, 53 (55 %) were isolated merely from bovid fecal samples. However, 61 (92 %) of the 66 isolates from worlds belonged to 13 subtypes which were besides found in the carnal population.Carney et Al. (2006) investigated the prevalence and degree of Escherichia coli O157 on samples of beef fixingss (n=1351), beef carcases (n=132) and bovid caput meat (n=132) in a beef slaughter works in Ireland. The study besides included an appraisal of the prevalence of virulency cistrons in the E.
coli O157 isolates obtained. Samples were examined for the presence of E. coli O157 by direct plating on SMAC-CT and by enrichment/immunomagnetic separation (IMS) with plating of cured immunobeads onto SMAC-CT agar. Presumptive E. coli O157 isolates were confirmed by PCR aiming a scope of cistrons i.e. vt1, vt2, eaeA, hlyA, fliC (h7) and parts of the rfb (O-antigen encoding) part of E.
coli O157. Enterobacteriaceae on caput meat samples were estimated by direct plating onto Violet Red Bile Glucose agar. E. coli O157 was recovered from 2.4 % (32/1351) of beef fixingss samples, at concentrations runing from & lt; 0.
70-1.61 log10 cfu g (-1). Of the 32 positive isolates, 31 contained the eaeA and Hyla cistrons while 30/32 contained the fliC (h7) cistron and 31/32 contained vt1 or vt2, or both vt cistrons. E. coli O157 was recovered from 3.0 % (4/132) of carcase samples, at concentrations runing from & lt; 0.70-1.
41 log10 cfu g (-1). All of the carcase isolates contained the eaeA, Hyla and fliC (h7) cistrons. E. coli O157 was recovered from 3.
0 % (3/100) of caput meat samples, at concentrations of 0.7-1.0 log10 cfu g (-1). All of the caput meat isolates contained the eaeA, Hyla, fliC (h7) and vt2 cistrons.
No caput meat isolates contained the vt1 cistron. Head meat samples (n=100) contained Enterobacteriaceae, at concentrations runing from 0.70-3.0 log10 cfu g (-1).
Overall, the qualitative and quantitative informations obtained for E. coli O157 on beef paring samples in this survey could be employed as portion of a quantitative hazard appraisal theoretical account.Chahed et Al. (2006) studied the prevalence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli from serotype O157 and other attaching and obliterating Escherichia coli on bovine carcases in Algeria. Two-hundred and 30 carcases were swabbed and analysed by classical microbiological methods for entire E. coli counts and for the presence of infective E. coli.
The E. coli counts were high, with a 75th percentile of 444.75 CFUs centimeter (-2).
For infective E. coli, more than 7 % of the tried carcases were positive for E. coli O157. Eighteen E. coli O157 strains were isolated and typed by manifold PCR. The chief stray pathotype (78 %) was eae+ stx2+ ehxA+ .
In add-on to E. coli O157, other attaching and obliterating E. coli (AEEC) were besides detected from carcases by settlement hybridisation after pre-enrichment and plating on sorbitol MacConkey agar utilizing eae, stx1 and stx2 investigations. Thirty carcases (13 %) on the 230 analyzed harbored at least one settlement positive for one of the tried investigations. These positive carcases were different from those positive for E.
coli O157. Sixty-six settlements (2.9 %) positive by settlement hybridisation were isolated.
The bulk (60.6 %) of the positive strains harboured an enteropathogenic E. coli-like pathotype (eae+ stx-).
Merely three enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) -like (eae+ stx1+) settlements were isolated from the same carcase. These strains did non belong to classical EHEC serotypes. The planetary hygiene of the abattoir was low, as indicated by the high degree of E. coli count. The prevalence of both E. coli O157 and other AEEC was besides high, stand foring a existent jeopardy for consumers.
Material and Methods:
This survey informations provide a baseline and in future microbic burden in meat during slaughter. This survey will be conducted in Peshawar metropolis. Randomized samples of animate being 's organic structure coat, meat carcases, processing tools, H2O and lairage environment will be collected from the slaughter house located at Ringing Road Peshawar.
Beginnings of Samples:
Cattle is the selected coinage as it serves as reservoir for E-coli as stated by (Nielsen et al., 2002) and among the animate beings largely slaughtered at butchery. All samples will be collected from predominating strains of cowss brought for butchering to the said butcheries.Cattle will be indiscriminately selected, capable to be slaughter.
First samples will be collected from the organic structure coat of countries Ramp, Flank & A; Brisket of each animate being before slaughter and so meat cuts samples will be collected from countries Chest, Thigh & A; Loin of each carcase shortly after slaughter.The Carcasses will so be given intervention with acidified Na chlorite sprays (phosphorous acid-activated acidified Na chlorite (PASC) or citric acid-activated acidified Na chlorite (CASC)) at room temperature (22.4 to 24.7 grades C) in combination with H2O wash harmonizing to the standard protocol of (Castillo et al., 1999) to cut down the E. coli concentration. Samples will be collected from these carcases every bit good after intervention.
The item of samples is as under:
Table # 3.1 Animal Body Coat and Meat (Carcass) Sampling at the Slaughter House
Sampling from Normal Slaughtering Animals15 Body Coat Samples(5 Animals)Hindquarters5Flank5Brisket515 Meat Samples(5 Animals)Thigh (Whole) Meat5Chest Meat5Loin Meat5Sampling from Washed Animal Carcasses(NaClO2)15 Meat Samples(5 Animals)Thigh (Whole) Meat5Chest Meat5Loin Meat5
Beside transportation of E. coli from the animate being organic structure coat, the processing tools (like cutting knife, meat chopper & A; chopper axe), H2O used for rinsing, abattoir floor and lairage environment are besides moving as beginnings of E. coli transmittal into the meat carcases. Therefore, samples will besides be collected from these as good. The item is as under ;
Table # 3.2 Samples from Processing Tools, Water & A; Lairage Environment
Type of Sample
of Samples
Processing ToolsKnife,5Meat chopper5Chopper axe5Tape Water5Abattoir Floor5Liarage EnvironmentLand5Air5
A sum of 80 samples will be collected from all these beginning including animate beings organic structure coat, processing tools, lairage environment, and H2O used for rinsing carcases and butchering floor.
Samples Collection Procedure:
Animal Body Coat:
For trying from the animate being 's organic structure coat, a one-pass swab technique will be carried out to try a mensural country (12 inch) on hindquarters, wing and brisket of each animate being before slaughter (Reid et al., 2001).
Meat Carcases:
Samples of ruddy meat (5 gm each) will be collected in glass tubings incorporating 45ml of PBS (Phosphate Field Buffer Solution) / Normal Saline.
Lairage & A; Abattoir Ground/Floor:
Sterile cotton swab will be rubbed with lairage & A; abattoir groung/floor and will so be transferred into unfertile glass tubing incorporating PBS/ normal saline solution.
Lairage Air:
Samples from liarage air will be collected by exposing unfertile media home base in unfastened air for 20 proceedingss.
Processing Tools:
On processing tools, taging 12 inch country on each tool will so be drained with normal saline/ PBS into the unfertile glass tubings.
Transportation system:
All samples will be transported to Microbiology research lab, Department of Animal Health, K.P.K Agricultural University, Peshawar harmonizing to the standard methods prescribed by Church and Wood, (1990).
Meat Sample Processing:
For each meat sample collected from the abattoir, taking 5gm meat sample with 45ml of PBS in a high velocity winker jar will be blind it at 10,000 to 12,000 revolutions per minute to do 1:10 (10-1) dilution (W/V). Using separate unfertile pipette fix the denary dilutions (10-2, 10-3aˆ¦ 10-10) by blending 1ml from the old dilution and 9ml of PBS in separate tubings. Shake all dilutions 25 times in 30cm arch for 7 seconds.
Isolation, Identification and Confirmation of E-coli:
Isolation, Identification and verification of E.coli bacteriums will be performed following the standard protocols as per Bergey 's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th edition). Basic parametric quantities for designation of bacteriums will be based on morphological features, microscopic characteristics and Biochemical profiles.
Pure civilization will be maintained on Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) agar. Indole Production Test, Methyl Red Test, Voges Prausker 's Test and Citrate Utilization Test will be applied for verification of E. coli isolates.
Determination of Pathogenicity:
Congo ruddy medium will be used to find pathogenicity of E. coli isolates.
Growth of brick ruddy colour settlements will be declarative of infective E. coli while non-pathogenic will bring forth grey white settlements after 96 hours incubation (Ahmad et al., 2009).
Statistical Analysis:
Data will be collected in Microsoft Excel Sheet. Microsoft Excel & A; SPSS will be used for summery statistics. Using CRD (Wholly Randomized Design), informations will be analyzed through SPSS (Nie & A; Hull, 2009).
Control group will be compared with Non-control group for E. coli prevalence. DMR (Duncan 's Multiple Range) trial will be applied for pair-wise comparing. A multiple additive CRD equation will fitted to set up the relationship between E. coli prevalence with carnal organic structure coat, processing tools, tape H2O used for rinsing carcases, abattoir floor & A; liarage environment. The theoretical account will be ;
Yaˆ?= B1+B2+B3+B4+B5+eij
Where ;Yaˆ?= Level of E.
coli on meat carcases of the usually slaughtering animate beings.B1= Effect of E. coli degree of carnal organic structure coat.B2= Effect of E. coli degree of processing tools.B3= Effect of E.
coli degree of tape H2O used for carcases rinsing at the slaughter house.B4= Effect of E. coli degree of abattoir floor, on which the slaughtering is performed usually.B5= Effect of E. coli degree of liarage environment in which the animate beings are kept before butchering.eij= Error consequence.
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Detection of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 in minced beef utilizing immunomagnetic separation. Microbiologia. 12 (3):385-94.Bosilevac JM, Arthur TM, Bono JL, Brichta-Harhay DM, Kalchayanand N, King DA, Shackelford SD, Wheeler TL, Koohmaraie M. (2009).
Prevalence and numbering of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella in U.S. butcheries that process fewer than 1000 caput of cowss per twenty-four hours. Journal of Food Protection. 72 (6):1272-8.Carney, E., O'Brien, S.B., Sheridan, J.J., McDowell, D.A., Blair, I.S., Duffy, G. (2006). Prevalence and degree of Escherichia coli O157 on beef fixingss, carcases and boned caput meat at a beef slaughter works. The National Food Centre, Dunsinea, Castleknock, Teagasc, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland. Food Microbiology. 23 (1):52-9.Castillo, A. L.M. Lucia, G.K. Kemp and G.R. Acuff. (1999). Decrease of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Salmonella typhimurium on beef carcase surfaces utilizing acidified Na chlorite. Journal of Food Protection. 62 (6):580-4.Chahed, A., China, B, Mainil, J, Daube, G. (2006). Prevalence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli from serotype O157 and other attaching and obliterating Escherichia coli on bovine carcases in Algeria. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 101 (2):361-8.Chapman, P.A., Cerdan, Malo, A.T, Ellin, M, Ashton, R, Harkin. (2001). Escherichia coli O157 in cowss and sheep at slaughter, on beef and lamb carcases and in natural beef and lamb merchandises in South Yorkshire, UK. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 64 (1-2):139-50.Chapman, P.A., Siddons, C.A, Wright, D.J., Norman, P, Fox, J, Crick, E. (1993). Cattle as a possible beginning of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections in adult male. Public Health Laboratory, Sheffield. Epidemiology and Infection. 111 (3):439-47.Church, P. N. and Wood, J. W. (1990). Mannual of Manufacturing Meat Quality. Leatherhead; Leatherhead Food Research Association.Dayna, H. G. Michael, A. Terrance and S. Steven. (2008). Salmonella and E. coli O157: H7 taint on fells and carcases of cull cowss presented for slaughter in the U.S.: an rating of prevalence and bacterial tonss by immunomagnetic separation and direct plating methods. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74 (20):6289-97.Economic Survey of Pakistan, 2008-09. Part-IV, Livestock & A; Poultry, Chapter-2, Agriculture. Ministry of Finance, Islamabad, Government of Pakistan. Available at hypertext transfer protocol: /www.finance.gov.pk/finance_economic_survey.aspx (accessed on 19, Dec. 2009). Pp. 32-34.Fairbrother, J.M., Nadeau, E. (2006). Escherichia coli: on-farm taint of animate beings. Revue Scientifique et Technique (Ineternational office of Epizootics). 25 (2):555-69.Fegan, N., Higgs, G, Vanderlinde, P, Desmarchelier, P. (2005). An probe of Escherichia coli O157 taint of cowss during slaughter at an butchery. Journal of Food Protection. 68 (3):451-7.Gonzalez, Garcia, E.A. (2002). Animal wellness and foodborne pathogens: enterohaemorrhagic O157: H7 strains and other infective Escherichia coli virotypes (EPEC, ETEC, EIEC, EHEC). Polish Journal of Veterinary Science. 5 (2):103-15.Gorman, R. S. Bloomfield and C.C. Adley. (2002).A survey of cross-contamination of food-borne pathogens in the domestic kitchen in the Republic of Ireland. International Journal of Food Microbiology.76 (1-2):143-50.Gun, H., Yilmaz A, Turker S, Tanlasi A, Yilmaz H. (2003). Contamination of bovine carcases and abattoir environment by Escherichia coli O157: H7 in Istanbul. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 84 (3):339-44.Guyon, R., Dorey, F., Malas, J.P., Leclercq, A. (2001). Hazard analysis of Escherichia coli O157: H7 taint during beef butchering in Calvados, France. Journal of Food Protection. 64 (9):1341-5.Hancock, D., Besser, T., Lejeune J, Davis M, Rice D. (2001). The control of VTEC in the carnal reservoir. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 66 (1-2):71-8.Madden, R.H., W.E. Espie, L. Moran and P. Scates. (2001). Happening of Salmonella Escherichia coli O157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter spp. on beef carcases in Northern Ireland. Meat Science. 58 (4): 343-46.Nielsen, Eva Moller, Conny Tegtmeier, Hans Jorgen Andersen, Carsten Gronb?k and Jens S. Andersen. (2002). Influence of age, sex and herd features on the happening of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in Danish dairy farms. Veterinary Microbiology. 88 (3):245-257.Norman, H., Nie and Hadloi, C. Hull. (2009). Predictive Analytics Software (SPSS). IBM, USA.Reid, C.A., A. Small, S.M. Avery and S. Buncic. (2001). Presence of food-borne pathogens on cowss fells. Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Division of Food Animal Science, University of Bristol.Rehman, A. (2010). Personal Communication on " Slaughter house state of affairs, meat transit and meat show & A; storage at the meat stores. Associate Professor. Department of Livestock Management. K.P.K Agricultural University, Peshawar.Richards, MS, Corkish JD, Sayers AR, McLaren IM, Evans SJ, Wray C. (1998). Surveies of the presence of verocytotoxic Escherichia coli O157 in bovine fecal matters submitted for diagnostic intents in England and Wales and on beef carcasss in butcheries in the United Kingdom. Epidemiology Infection. 120 (2):187-92.Roldan, M.L., Chinen, I., Otero, J.L, Miliwebsky, E.S, Alfaro, N, Burns, P, Rivas, M. (2007). Isolation, word picture and typewriting of Escherichia coli 0157: H7 strains from beef merchandises and milk. Revista Argentnia de Microbiologia. 39 (2):113-9.Woerner, D.R., Ransom, J.R., Sofos JN, Dewell GA, Smith GC, Salman MD, Belk KE. (2006). Determining the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in cowss and beef from the feedlot to the ice chest. J Food Prot. 69 (12):2824-7.
Appendix -I
Isolation and Identification of E-coli:
Protocol for E. coli Culturing and Counting:
Pipette 1ml of each dilution into separate extra suitably marked petri-dishes.Add 20ml of molten Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar holding a temperature of 45-46 A°C to each home base within 15 proceedingss of original dilution. (EMB agar is selective for E-coli growing).Immediately blend the sample dilution and agar medium exhaustively and uniformly.Allow agar to solidify, invert petri-plate and incubate for 48 hours at 37A°C.After incubation, select the dishes holding 25-250 settlements for settlements numbering and isolation of pure civilization. The E-coli settlements show a metallic sheen colour.The entire feasible count/ml of the sample for E-coli will be calculated as ;Entire Viable Count = Colonies X Dilution Factor.When two home bases are in appropriate settlements range, take the norm of both and put in the above expression.
Microscopic Examination:
Gram 's staining:
Fix a vilification with the civilized beings on glass slide and arrested development by rapidly go throughing it 2 to 3 times over fire.Pour Crystal Violet dye (basic discoloration) on the vilification for one minute and gently wash with H2O.Apply Gram 's Iodine solution (black) on the vilification for one minute and gently wash with H2O.Bleach with 95 % Ethyle intoxicant for 15 seconds and gently wash with H2O.Counter discoloration with Safranine for 0.5 -1 minute and gently wash with H2O.Blot dry with boozy paper or air dry and examine under microscope utilizing 100x oil submergence lens.Consequence: Pink/Red colour and Rod shaped beings will give indicant of E-coli (Gram negative).
Bio-chemical Trials (IMViC):
Indole Production Trial:
Inoculate the tryptophane stock with the trial being (1 bead) from a 24 hours encephalon hearth extract (BHI) broth civilization.Incubate at 35-37 A°C for 24-48 hours.To 5 milliliter of incubated tryptone stock incorporating the trial being, add few beads (0.2-0.5 milliliter) of Kovac 's reagent. Blend it and maintain the tubing in the base undisturbed for a few proceedingss.Consequence: Appearance of a pink of distinguishable ruddy colour thin bed at the top of the stock is a positive indole production trial.
Voges Proskaur Trial:
Inoculate the 1 bead of test cultural beings from 24 hours BHI broth civilization to the MR-VP medium.Incubate for 48-50 hours at 35-37 A°C.Add 0.5 milliliter Voges Proskaur Reagent.Consequence: Positive if pink colour and negative if colorless.
Methyl Red Trial:
Incubate MR-VP medium tubings for extra 48 hours at 35-37 A°C after executing Voges Proskaur Test.Add 5 beads of methyl ruddy solution to each tubing and mix gently.Consequence: Yellow colour is negative trial while ruddy colour is a positive trial.
Citrate Utilization Test:
Lightly inoculate the aslant tubing of Kauser Citrate Broth/ Simmon 's Citrate Broth with civilization being.Incubate for 4-7 yearss at 35-37 A°C.Consequence: Changing colour from green to blue or development of distinguishable turbidness in blue (Cu like) colour of citrate stock is a positive trial.IMViC Pattern for E-Coli: (+ + – -) i.e.Indole Test = Positive, Methyl red Test = Positive, Voges Proskaur Test = Negative and Citrate Utilization Test = Negative.
Material and Equipments to be used in the said research are list below:
Sterile Stomacher BagsSterile Cotton SwabsDisposable Baseball glovesGlass TubeGlass BottlesCotton PlugsPetri DishesStaining Rack.Streaking Loop.Microscopic holding 100x Oil Emersion Lens.Microscopic SlidesCover SlipsTissue HomogenizerScrew Capped Bottles
Chemicals / Media to be used in the said research:
Normal Saline/ Phosphate Field Buffer Solution (PBS).Media; Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB) for culturing of E-coli.Crystal Violet Dye (for primary staining).Iodine Solution (repairing agent).Safranine Dye (counter staining).Alcohol (bleaching agent).Tryptone BrothKovac 's ReagentVoges Proskaur ReagentMR-VP MediumMethyl Red SolutionKauser Citrate Broth/ Simmon 's Citrate BrothBrain Heart Infusion (BHI) BrothCongo Red Media
Media and Reagents Preparation:
Phosphate Field Buffer Solution:
Mix 34gm of KH2PO4 with 500 milliliters distilled H2O. Adjust PH to 7.2 with 1 normal NAOH solution. Bring volume to 1 litre with distilled H2O. Sterilize at 121A°C for 15 proceedingss and shop in a icebox.
Kovac 's Reagent:
Dissolve 5 gram p-Dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde in 75 milliliter of isoamyl intoxicant. Then easy add 25 milliliter of (conc.) HCl. Shop at 4A°C.
LT Broth:
Dissolve 20gm Tryptose, 5gm Lactose, 2.75gm KH2PO4, 2.75gm K2HPO4, 5gm NaCl and 1gm Sodium Laryal Sulphate in 800 milliliters Distilled Water with soft heat, so filter, cool to 20 A°C and dilute to 1 litre. Auto-Clave it and adjust concluding Ph to 6.8 A± 0.2.
MR-VP Medium:
Dissolve 7gm Buffered Peptone, 5gm Glucose and 5gm K2HPO4 in 800 milliliters Distilled Water with soft heat, so filter, cool to 20 A°C and dilute to 1 litre. Auto-Clave it and adjust concluding Ph to 6.8 A± 0.2.
Voges Proskaur Reagent:
Add 0.6 milliliter of alpha-nepthol solution to 0.2 milliliter of 40 % KOH solution, shingle, and so add few crystals of creatine.


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ADInstruments invites you to join us in attending the 2017 edition of the DSI European User Group meeting. The meeting will take place in Reims, a beautiful city in the heart of the Champagne region. The DSI User Group meeting provides a unique opportunity for researchers using DSI devices, systems and software, to present their work and techniques, share "tips & tricks" with peers, or exchange experiences on data handling and analysis. The meeting also addresses researchers who want to learn more about telemetric monitoring applications and respiratory functions assessments, and have an interest in networking with long-time users.
We don't currently have any scheduled sessions that match your selection, but please give us your details below to register your interest and we'll contact you if a session is scheduled in your region.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Dynamic Tag Management product documentation
Dynamic Tag Management (DTM) lets you manage your Adobe Experience Cloud solutions and other tags across all of your sites, regardless of your number of domains.
Getting Started & Popular Topics
What's New and Release Notes
Additional Help
Contact Adobe Global Services for help with an implementation.
Contact your Adobe Account Manager to find out more about professional services.
Community Resources
Digital Marketing Blog


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Arriving in Montbéliard's marina we booked in for one week and packed for our trip to Germany. The next morning we took a hire car and left for my home town, Remscheid to meet up with my childhood friends, Josine, Mareike and Hartmut. Josine lives in Mexico and the last time I had seen her was 12 years ago.
Austin, who is very fond of Mareike and her husband, Hartmut, met Josine for the first time. There was immediately a nice contact. For me it was just like yesterday, and yet also a re-acquainting and learning new things about each other.
Mareike had prepared a delicious raclette, and we spent a great evening catching up and watching an exciting Worldcup game Germany : Ghana (2 : 2).
After a big German breakfast the next morning, Hartmut took us all on a walk through sun-filtered forest along the gurgling river Wupper. We got some lessons in Nordic walking and working a manual cable ferry to cross the river.
With a chairlift ride up to the castle "Schloß Burg" and a visit to an aged manual brush & broom maker in the castle grounds we ended our excursion of the Bergisches Land, country of the Dukes "von Berg", bordering Remscheid.
To top the hometown experience off, Mareike served us a typical "Bergische Kaffeetafel" (our own version of high tea) . We gorged ourselves on home-made very scrumptious waffles with rice pudding and cinnamon, cherry compote and whipped cream, a sweet raison bread (Stuten) and savouries of the region. It was astonishing how much we managed to eat again!
We spent the rest of the day looking at Josine's wonderful photography from Mexico and her Rancho,all put together with Music and commentary, talking and relaxing (in Austin's case snoozing) while being further spoilt with champagne and sandwiches by Mareike.
We had such a lovely time! Thanks Josine, Mareike and Hartmut.


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My daughter said this week that she is already thinking about fall and pumpkins, soup and hearthside dinners, and I got that "autumn is coming" feeling anticipation too.
All of her dreaming made me want to start planning some updates to make the fall days in my rental home nicer. The biggest eyesores are the covered back porch and the front entry. It has rained so much that everything is messy and looks neglected, so the first order of business will be to get everything cleaned up. Then I suppose I will paint the front door something brighter with a little sophistication. Last summer I added a curvy flower bed to the front and planted crepe myrtles. The house is greygreen with black shutters and white trim so a brighter front door would give it some personality at very little cost. Add some house numbers and a urn with flowers and the whole front would look so much better.
The back needs TLC, a good pressure wash of the siding, outdoor furniture cleaned up, clean the patio, then paint. The ceiling of the porch needs a coat of paint too and needs a fan, but I might have to wait on the fan. The siding needs paint and the railing and posts need repairs and paint. Some paint and effort is all I need right now to make a big difference.
A little dreaming makes your ho hum days better. Dreaming is related to hope and gives our thoughts a good place to dwell and when dreaming leads to doing, even better. Time for investing some time and dreaming in the curb appeal to welcome the upcoming cooler weather. By the time I get some of this done, the fall will be here.
Dream a little, its fun.
Barefoot and writing,
Kim about the author
MORE POPULAR POSTS from kimberlycarol


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Quickie: Untamed by Pamela Clare
Untamed (MacKinnon's Rangers) by Pamela Clare
Historical / Colonial
2012-01-03 (Berkley)
Heroine: Amalie Chauvenet – French/Indian, Orphan
Hero: Morgan MacKinnon – Highlander, Ranger/Soldier
Setting: New York, USA
MacKinnon's Rangers
Though forced to fight for the hated English, Morgan MacKinnon would no more betray the men he leads than slit his own throat—not even when captured by the French and threatened with an agonizing death by fire at the hands of their Abenaki allies. Only the look of innocent longing in the eyes of Amalie, a convent-bred French lass, could make him question his vow to escape and return to the Rangers. And soon the sweet passion he awakens in Amalie has him cursing the war that forced him to choose between upholding his honor and pledging himself to the woman he loves.
Untamed takes place close to one year after the events in Surrender (review).
Morgan MacKinnon has taken his older brother's place as Major of the Rangers now. On a routine attack on a convoy of French supplies, believed to be gunpowder kegs, Morgan finds himself shot. Knowing his death is inevitable, he orders his men to leave him behind. But death is not what Morgan finds behind the walls of the French's Fort Carillon. What he finds is Amalie Chauvenet. And instead of burning slowly for days at the hands of the French's allies, the Abenaki, he finds himself tortured by her—who he wants, who he desires so fiercely, who he covets with every breath… and who he cannot have.
Miz Clare… everything she writes nearly undoes me! Her books are remarkably vivid and dramatic. So rich with history that the people, the places, and the situations come alive on the page. It is wonderful to be completely swept away into a certain place and time—and, in the case of Miz Clare's novels, said places and times are not the usual HR fare. I love the way she portrays colonial life and the conflicts that surely arose between the British and French. And the people caught in the middle.
I also love the humor weaved throughout, which adds levity to an otherwise dreary time in our nation's history.
"Och, these bloody breeches are cuttin' into my cods!"
"For God's sake, Connor, you whinge and yammer like a dog! I've seen your cods, and they're no' that big!"
This series really has it all. Alpha heroes? Check. Smart heroines? Check. Dramatic plots with realistic twists and turns? Check. Sexy, bare chested highlanders? Ooh, check check!
Favorite Quote:
"So you're thinkin' that Rillieux's kiss proves that the good sister spoke truly when she said that servin' a husband is a travail?"
His eyes narrowed, his gaze upon her as if he were studying her, a grin tugging at his lips. "There's one wee kinch to your thinkin'. What Rillieux did to you—that wasna truly a kiss."
"It…It wasn't?" The look in his eyes made her belly flutter.
"Nay, it wasna." He reached out, wrapped an arm around her waist and—mon Dieu!—she knew what he meant to do. "This is a kiss."
Thoughts While Reading:
0.0% - "Excited for this one!"
11.0% - "There he is! Lord William, resident bad boy of Fort Edward."
42.0% - "Gotta love first kisses."
54.0% - "Ut oh. I knew this moment was coming."


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Gucci Mane Pays Tax Lien With Over $800k In Cold Hard Cash
According to documents obtained by the Blast, Gucci Mane has settled with the IRS to the tune $823,358.50. That total accounts for three specific years in which the IRS accused him withholding funds. The IRS took matters in hand by issuing a tax lien with a detailed account his negligence. This is how it all breaks down:
$9,675.06 (2008)
$607,923.44 (2010)
$205,760 (2011)
Total: $823,358.50
After a lengthy bid in prison, Gucci Mane is only beginning sort out all his legal issues. Paying his back taxes is but one step in the right direction. In 2016, Gucci Mane was released from prison after meeting all his requirements under his probation hearing. His parole ficer also padded him with a glowing review. Skinny Gucci has wasted little time since becoming a free man, tying the knot with his sweetheart, busting out two albums, and notching his first number one record with Rae Sremmurd. Does it surprise you at all that they paid his tax lien with a briefcase full cold hard cash.
Consider Gucci Mane's bust-up with the IRS has a healthy reminder to file your taxes in a timely manner. Restrictions may apply.


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post115336553379352521..comments2020-10-20T09:39:11.099+11:00Comments on Exclusively Food: White Chocolate Mud Cake email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-50775197951355065212018-09-26T22:21:48.147+10:002018-09-26T22:21:48.147+10:00Hi there, I was wondering if anyone had ever tried...Hi there, I was wondering if anyone had ever tried this gluten free, or had any tips of things to look out for attempting it? I know not all recipes can just have the flour switched out, but thought I'd chance my arm! I've had huge success with this recipe, it's a dream to work with, my sister-in-law loves white chocolate but is Coeliac so hoping to try it without gluten Anonymoushttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-20551200395690051062018-03-09T14:57:14.958+11:002018-03-09T14:57:14.958+11:00This is the best white chocolate mud cake recipe I...This is the best white chocolate mud cake recipe I've ever used I baked it for my daughters 2nd birthday and everyone thought it was made in a cake shop until I told them I made it myself this is my go to cake! Thank you for sharing your recipe xxAnonymoushttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-74522095071200722492017-09-24T17:27:30.272+10:002017-09-24T17:27:30.272+10:00Hey. I just made this cake in a 25cm round tin usi...Hey. I just made this cake in a 25cm round tin using the quantities you provided for different sized tins. It was only about 3cm tall and I was really wanting it to be 5cm tall so I could get 2 x 1" layers out of a cake. Any suggestions as to what I could do to/what i did wrong.

ThanksEmshttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-4346619956341461202017-09-18T21:48:41.616+10:002017-09-18T21:48:41.616+10:00I need to make this cake in at 15cm round deep tin...I need to make this cake in at 15cm round deep tin (around 10cm deep) can you advise what quantity I should useAnonymoushttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-90575992971042666832017-08-17T14:56:43.872+10:002017-08-17T14:56:43.872+10:00How long before can you add the ganache. Im making...How long before can you add the ganache. Im making it for my sons bday on sunday. Just made the cake today. Can i add ganache& put the cake in fridge till sat?Sammyhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-78365726210584261112017-01-28T12:50:15.494+11:002017-01-28T12:50:15.494+11:00Thank you for this amazing cake recipe I absolutel...Thank you for this amazing cake recipe I absolutely it and have made it so many times. I need to make an egg free cake for my niece who is allergic to eggs. Any idea if this recipe can be adapted to be egg free? Abihttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-32953009128652441562016-11-05T21:06:36.535+11:002016-11-05T21:06:36.535+11:00This is truly one of the best tasting chocolate ca...This is truly one of the best tasting chocolate cakes I've tasted- and made! You guys are amazing with answering each question and for giving different quantities for various cake tin sizes! Thanks for a wonderful recipe! Anonymoushttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-52734386044897415122016-01-18T09:51:51.064+11:002016-01-18T09:51:51.064+11:00Oh my this is so yummy. Thank you thank you thank ...Oh my this is so yummy. Thank you thank you thank you ... my mom is going to love her birthday cake. I'm going to pair it with raspbery cream filling and butter cream icing under a candy chocolate wrap. Anonymoushttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-91521111318845186902015-09-06T23:19:36.017+10:002015-09-06T23:19:36.017+10:00I made this for a birthday cake in a 30cm round ti...I made this for a birthday cake in a 30cm round tin. I used the PDF amounts for 32cm round, and some heat cores, and I also lowered the temperature to 130c (fan forced). I think my tin in relatively thick, so it ended up taking quite a bit longer. All up it took 2 and a half hours (!) but it was perfect. Tasted amazing, and I only got to eat a little bit because it was devoured by hordes of kids.Paulhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-23748969444279801732015-07-30T13:49:32.409+10:002015-07-30T13:49:32.409+10:00Great easy recipe and lovely taste thanks- made 15...Great easy recipe and lovely taste thanks- made 15 muffins cooked for 35 mins 165 deg (not fan forced) gas oven
Used gluten free flour and wasn't dry at all in fact maybe slightly greasy while still warm might try less butter next time.Anonymoushttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-17978167138910473652014-02-18T07:13:28.291+11:002014-02-18T07:13:28.291+11:00Could you use this recipe with a few substitutions...Could you use this recipe with a few substitutions to make a caramel mud cake? Thanks :)Anonymoushttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-71563514614626225512014-02-12T11:18:02.688+11:002014-02-12T11:18:02.688+11:00I made this as a 2 tiered cake for my daughters 1s...I made this as a 2 tiered cake for my daughters 1st birthday. I multiplied the amount by 5 for my 11 inch bottom tier and 8 inch top tier. It was AMAZING!!!! I lowered the temperature to about 110 (fan forced) and it took about 5 or 6 hours to cook. I cooked both tins together and rotated them every 30-40 mins so it was more even. The smaller tier was ready about 1:30 before the larger tier. I Cassie firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-47579993711261133852013-12-15T23:55:54.816+11:002013-12-15T23:55:54.816+11:00Great Recipe. I made it gluten free and it was tro...Great Recipe. I made it gluten free and it was trouble free. Also froze it and it held together very well. My son is now 15 and for the last 5 birthdays he alternates between asking for this White chocolate Mud cake recipe and your Chocolate mud cake.

Enjoyed making a recipe that worked first time and was so impressive! Thank firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-50874576884148607672013-11-14T09:20:46.952+11:002013-11-14T09:20:46.952+11:00Hi after reading all of the above awesome reviews ...Hi after reading all of the above awesome reviews I have decided to make this cake for my daughter's birthday. She wants a doll cake so will be baking in a dolly varden cake tun. Can u tell me whether to double or triple the quantities and how long to bake it for and at what temperature. It will be for 40 people. abhihttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-18872240651993731472013-11-09T13:04:23.866+11:002013-11-09T13:04:23.866+11:00This is my favourite ever white choc mudcake. It a...This is my favourite ever white choc mudcake. It always turns out moist and as a mudcake should. I cook at 150c non fan forced and always wrap the outside of my cake tin with wet towels or wet newspaper wrapped in foil. Going to add frozen berries to the mix today for something firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-86990025850983357652013-10-30T12:18:10.565+11:002013-10-30T12:18:10.565+11:00This is such a great recipe. Used it twice now and...This is such a great recipe. Used it twice now and love it. Just wondering, can this be altered to a normal mud cake or a caramel mud cake? Or do you have another recipe for these? firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-1438184788168601872013-10-13T07:43:10.704+11:002013-10-13T07:43:10.704+11:00I have made this twice now, first time I cooked tw...I have made this twice now, first time I cooked two cakes and sandwiched them together, found cooking in normal 20cm pan dried edges too quick before middle was cooked. Second time I cooked the cake, I split double quantity between 3x20cm shallow pans and they cooked perfectly no dryness or browning, beautiful, I sandwiched the 3 layers and was so much better than 2 big thick layers. BEST MUD firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-38632423043890915472013-09-22T16:55:52.808+10:002013-09-22T16:55:52.808+10:00Thank you for this beautiful recipe. It turned out...Thank you for this beautiful recipe. It turned out to be perfect and delicious. I made a Rainbow birthday cake and my friends loved the taste of it!
I even made cupcakes with this recipe, and that was yummy!
Would definitely be using this recipe more often! Thanks again! :)firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-17398734578761757272013-05-31T04:59:45.942+10:002013-05-31T04:59:45.942+10:00If I don't have Caster Sugar, what can I subst...If I don't have Caster Sugar, what can I substitute instead. Also Plain Flour is All-Purpose or Self-Rising? Need help, want to make this for my 30th Birthday firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-86746568496945446852013-05-04T07:42:21.840+10:002013-05-04T07:42:21.840+10:00Hi, I would like to bake this cake for a birthday ...Hi, I would like to bake this cake for a birthday party which is a week from today, when should I bake the cake and store it, can I use swiss meringue buttercream in between layers before covering it with fondnt and if I were to reduce the quantity of sugar in this recipe will it affect anything about the cake other than the sweetness. Anonymoushttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-87372370539560047112013-04-23T10:01:19.152+10:002013-04-23T10:01:19.152+10:00I would love to make this cake but the measurement...I would love to make this cake but the measurements are too confusing to me, Can you break it down in cups, ounces and teaspoons please?

Thank you!
email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-85126898029583813362013-04-05T08:18:50.397+11:002013-04-05T08:18:50.397+11:00i love this recipe i made it for my brothers's...i love this recipe i made it for my brothers's wedding cake & everybody loved it. It was a cupcake tower on the top was a small round cake & it was a hit. I am going to make cupcake stand again except for a baby shower this time :) this is the best mudcake recipeUnknownhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-84133599185868228752013-03-18T19:35:32.673+11:002013-03-18T19:35:32.673+11:00I made this cake for my partner's birthday and...I made this cake for my partner's birthday and it was hard and dry, not sure what went wrong with it but I will not be making email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-85416154881710932902013-02-26T09:34:32.383+11:002013-02-26T09:34:32.383+11:00Thank you for a wonderful and easy recipe. I made ...Thank you for a wonderful and easy recipe.
I made this recipe for my 2nd blogiversary, and added a layer of baked Strawberry-cheesecake

You can see my post here (with a full credit and a link to this post)
http://www.winnish.net/2013/02/blog-post.html

P.s - my post is in Hebrew, but you can use the translator - located on top left side-barWinniehttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-28057071.post-76563404144228938492013-02-25T23:21:04.718+11:002013-02-25T23:21:04.718+11:00If this cake tastes as good as it looks I really r...If this cake tastes as good as it looks I really really really need to try it! Not only am I a fan of chocolate but a huge fan of white chocolate. Thank you so much for the recipe and your detailed description.Paulahttp://firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
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Organic Cotton
Pilates Socks
Special Offer
Need some help? Find your fit
Free standard delivery + free returns.
Free UK next day delivery over £150. Learn more
Ensure you don't slip in these low-cut, high-grip socks made for yoga, Pilates and barre.
Colour: Black
The Fabric
This cotton blend yarn contains the best of natural fibre, manmade fibre properties. It has a dry, soft cotton touch, stretch capabilities, moisture management qualities.
Composition: 70% Cotton, 27% Polyester, 2% Elastane, 1% Nylon
Wash at 40°C (104°F) on reduced spin. Do not bleach. Do not dry clean. See care label for additional information.
Additional Information
Rated 5 out of 5 by ZoompilatesJ from Cost feet Bought the socks for winter as normally do Pilates in bare feet. They are great, Very comfortable, the socks don't twist round as your doing moves. Will definitely buy more pairs.
Date published: 2020-10-27
Rated 5 out of 5 by kristen5678 from Cute grippy socks A great little gripper socks for pilates. They are thin so perfect for matwork.
Date published: 2020-10-19
Rated 1 out of 5 by chris75 from poor fit and quality,- pilates socks I have worn one pair of these 4 times since buying and today I noticed that one has a small hole in it already. Both are slipping off, too big.
Date published: 2020-10-03
Rated 4 out of 5 by Elaine29 from Perfect Pilates Socks These are my 3rd pair of Pilates socks and are as good as ever. Comfortable, stylish and great fitting.
Date published: 2020-09-27
Rated 5 out of 5 by Bussiere from Great pilates socks Bought these because my pilates teacher has something similar. I like the bar across the ankle. LOVE the colour. Had to wait for these to come in stock but certainly worth the wait. Very soft and the grip on the bottom are great. Will be well used as the winter draws in to keep my toes cosy.
Date published: 2020-09-25
Rated 5 out of 5 by Mrs stella Gawthorpe from I love these Pilates sock These Pilates socks was Bought for my Daughter she loves them
Date published: 2020-09-23
Rated 5 out of 5 by Helen Dawn from Great Pilates socks! I bought Pilates socks mostly for relaxing around my home as I have slippy tiled floors. They totally fit the bill!!
Date published: 2020-09-11
Rated 2 out of 5 by Anonymous from Slip off Was hoping for great things but these just slip off as soon as you start moving so I have to take them off anyway!
Date published: 2020-09-09
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 I’m a uk size 3/4, will these fit me?

Asked by: Scarb18

 Yes, the Pilates Socks will be a good fit for your sizing.
Answered by: TeamSB @ Oxford

Date published: 2020-09-14

 Can i ask how big the pilates socks are as i am a size 8. Will they fit me

Asked by: TJ13

 Hi yes our Pilates socks will fit a size 8
Answered by: TeamSB @ Customer Care

Date published: 2020-08-02

 I'm a Uk shoe size 7. Are these a good fit please?

Asked by: Caroline67

 The Pilates Socks are very versatile in terms of sizing, and definitely suitable for a size UK 7.
Answered by: TeamSB @ Oxford

Date published: 2020-08-26

 What size range do the ‘one size’ Pilates socks fit?

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text:
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text:
A MOST 2014 : 10th Workshop on Advances in Model Based Testing
|Link: http://msdl.cs.mcgill.ca/conferences/amost/
Call For Papers
Welcome to the home page of the 10th A-MOST (Advances in Model Based Testing) workshop!
The increasing complexity of software results in new challenges for testing. Model Based Testing (MBT) continues to be an important research area, where new approaches, methods and tools make MBT techniques more deployable and useful for industry than ever. Models and different abstractions can ease comprehension of a complex system and ease test generation and automation. A-MOST 2014 will bring together researchers and practitioners interested in the topic of Model Based Testing.
The use of models for designing and testing software is currently one of the most salient industrial trends with significant impact on the development and testing processes. Model-based tools and methods from have been successfully applied and continue to converge into comprehensive approaches to software and system engineering. The area encompass models derived from object-oriented software engineering, formal methods, and other mathematical and engineering disciplines.
A-MOST will focus on three main areas:
The models used in model based testing
The processes, techniques, and tools that support model based testing
Evaluation of model based testing
Levi Lúcio, McGill University, Canada
Tejeddine Mouelhi, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg


text:
A lottery is Characterized as a Kind of Gaming That involves the drawing of a lot – or numbers – to get prizes. There are several lotteries throughout the world, many nations having their own government-sanctioned lottery. Where it's legal to do so, playing the lottery online is a great alternative as it is possible to delight in the thrill of this sport without ever leaving the comfort of your home.
Perform On Reputable Sites
When It comes to something as prevalent and popular as the lottery, there are bound to be websites that aren't legitimate and simply want to take players cash. To ensure that this doesn't happen to you, be sure to buy lottery tickets from reputable, official lottery sites only. Prior to signing up and buy tickets, browse via the website's privacy policy and conditions of use to ensure they are valid sites and that they don't misuse any private information you provide them.
Choose Your Amounts Wisely
Most lottery experts recommend choosing Random numbers for the lottery tickets. The likelihood of those odd or even numbers or amount patterns being drawn is very slim; players have increased odds of winning (rather than needing to divide the prize with other people ) should they pick entirely random amounts. Similarly, stay away from favorite numbers, since more individuals will likely choose them.
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text:
Undone By Each Other
Undone By Each Other is an endurance performance exploring the transformative power of grief that is the loss and gradual reconstruction of the self during the grieving process, and the shared vulnerability of private mourning rendered public. This performance took place at the East Jesus compound in Slab City as part of the Morton Salt Children's Religious Revival hosted by Myriad Slits.
"Let's face it. We're undone by each other. And if we're not, we're missing something." -Judith Butler, The Powers of Mourning and Violence
There are twelve chairs, small ones— the kind you see in preschools, made for tiny legs and tiny derrières. They are laid out in two rows theater-style, just in front of the razor-sharp limbs of the ironwood tree, just between a paddling of plastic ducks floating inanimate and immortal in a dry dirt lake. Over the wooden spires of the Tower of Barbarella—a two-story fortress embellished in baby doll parts, animal bones, toy guns, Christmas lights, and N02 cartridges—the sun is beginning its slow melt into the wash.
I take the ribbons in my hands—three spools of ivory ribbon that say With Sympathy over and over again embroidered in gold thread with serif flourishes. I sling them out so they hang limply over the ring of razor wire that drops from the ceiling like a skeletal worm and carry each end to a different corner so they shoot down like party streamers. In the SE and NW corners, two totem creatures—a snowy white bird who is also a man and a lace-hooded ram made up of two women balanced one atop the other, sit in observance. On the floor at the entrance of the tower, I place an open switchblade. The watchers are beginning to arrive and seat themselves in the small chairs or stand or squat before the tower as I lay on the dusty wooden slats on the tower floor, hugging my knees to my chest. I begin to cry.
The goal is to weep openly and honestly for as long as possible, to thwart the urge that is nurtured by society to sequester grief, to take my own private grief and perform it to and with others, to understand how grief is a performative act and therefor inherently transformative, to transform myself and others, to change my grief into something beyond grief, to create something new in the chasm left by the thing that is no longer.
Every thirty seconds the camera clicks as I continue to weep, at times hard and fast—a raw anguish ripping from my chest with violence and at others only a swallowed whimper. The watchers are silent at first, waiting expectantly. Before us, the sky light shifts through a spectrum of bleached golds to burning oranges as a flock of gulls carrying the scent of the Salton Sea on their wings bolts overhead.
The bird who is also a man approaches and with long arms swathed in white leathers wraps a length of ribbon around my body. He presses my head to his chest, cradles it between two rows of feathers which come down to a V just below his pelvis—a trench which catches and deflects my tears. After being like this together for a moment, he kisses me gently on the back of the head and is gone.
A girl comes and quietly wraps her thin arms around me. I feel the prickling of her short hair against my cheek as she presses her body to mine. I am shaking with tears—shaking against her, our bodies rocking back and forth. Tears fall from her chin to form a shallow pond in the trench of my clavicle. "You're going to be okay," she tells me, then plants her lips against the nape of my neck and vanishes.
In the stillness, I can hear unseen others weeping softly. I bury my head into my legs, pressing the cold of my knee caps against my sockets, pushing my eyes deep inside my skull.
I don't see her approach. I know she is there only by touch and sound: her voice comforting me like a child, her tears falling against my shoulders, the treble and pressure of us weeping in tandem. She tilts my head back and her dark eyes peer into mine offering a probing empathy that if voiced might sound like, "What is this that we are doing?" and at the same time, "Never mind. I understand. I am with you."
She wraps me in the ribbons, binding me carefully. She wraps my wrists together and arms—binding them in a figure eight, making an infinity of With Sympathy. We continue like this at times laughing and then crying again. The wrapping comes faster and tighter the harder the tears come. She binds my chest to my knees, wraps the ribbons around my torso, down my spine. Finally my ankles are clasped together in the satin restraints. She takes my hands in hers and she kisses them. She smiles then like a specter—her gown a floating train of white gauze—vanishes into the golden gaze of the sun.
I can hear the rhythm of others weeping with me, animalistic, reluctant murmurs that mingle with the vibrations coming from my own body to produce a chorus of emotion rendered sonic.
I think of you. The bruise left by the brutal force of separation. The shock of a wholeness splintered. The void of abandonment: the wound left by a limb that tears itself loose from the body it is beholden to. The sudden feeling of being much less than I was. Grief as I mourn the death of us and am overcome with birthing pains for the I who is separate from you. The I I do and do not want. The I I must now be, regardless.
I think of them. The survivors. The stories I hear every week as a crisis counselor—stories of sorrow that are (I am certain) some of the most horrid truths ever divulged by human mouths. Stories of violation and betrayal. Of needless suffering. When I have the honor of hearing these stories, I have to stop myself short at empathy. I can't emote. I have to be present to the person who has been courageous enough to share their most regretful truths with me. They need me (at the very least) to be present. I must not show that their story has affected me, even if it does. Even if every time it does.
But three hours outside LA, in a city that isn't a city, above a lake that isn't a lake, my face crushed against the soft powdery dust of the desert floor, I allow myself to weep. I weep for the woman whose children watch as her husband presses her face against a lit stove. I weep for the teenager whose mother refuses to acknowledge the abuse her new husband unleashes upon her daughter every morning before school. I weep for the woman and child who flee from state to state, shelter to shelter, rendered homeless by the persistent pursuit of her ex. I weep for the handicapped woman who is tricked into sharing her body with an able-bodied stranger, who threatens to share the photos should she tell. I weep for the girl who blames herself for having had too much to drink at the party, for trusting the person she thought was her friend to take care of her, who never thought he'd violate her with the help of another man. I weep for the woman in uniform who feels too ashamed to press charges because she should have known better, who is sick to her stomach because her insides feel destroyed. I weep for them and all the others. For the first time, I truly allow myself to weep.
I feel her hands on my shoulders. Rearing back, my eyes pour into hers—two glass spheres overflowing. Once again, she pulls me to her chest and with determination tells me, "I am going to get you out of here." She snatches the switchblade from the floor and inserts it into the weave of ribbons binding my arms. With a forceful movement upward, she slices and breaks them open. She is weeping hard now, weeping and cutting the ribbons away faster and faster. I can see something working inside of her just as it is working inside of me, something beginning to tear loose the more she cuts, the faster and harder she works at the restraints.
There is nothing left now but the shreds of ribbons that lay all around me like shards of shell left by a newly hatched creature. Our hands find each other and we speak into each others' eyes- eyes heavy with grief and joy. Our bodies are vibrant with an awareness of the empathy we share, the empathy that is our own unique resonance dancing alongside the fluctuating heartbeats and consciousnesses of others. Hand in hand, we come to our feet and stare back at the faces watching us, exploring the contents of their faces—some shocked, some flushed with sorrow, some empty as if waiting for some emotion that has escaped them, some strained with a pressing fullness.
We carry the remaining shreds of ribbon from person to person, stopping before each to embrace them and look deep into their eyes while binding their hands together. In the binding there builds an unsaid strength. Put into words it might read: You are not alone in your suffering. You are never alone in your suffering. We are forever binding. We are forever bound to each other. We are never alone. At last, our hands are empty. They find each other. My eyes smile into her eyes which smile back at me. She laughs and I laugh. And laughing through our tears which are no longer tears of burden but tears of release, we run to catch the remaining strip of sun as it slithers into the smoldering wash.
This performance occurred March 22nd at East Jesus. Special thank you to Marissa Perry, Kayla Cloonan, Myriad Slits, Ror Rodriguez, Kirsten Whitney, Annie Rush, Frances Armijos, East Jesus and to the children of the Morton Salt Children's Religious Revival.
*I have changed the details of the survivor stories here mentioned to protect the confidentiality of the real survivors in question. If you feel at a loss by the stories here divulged and moved to help, please consider making a donation to or volunteering with your state or local (link goes to CA list) rape crisis center.


text:
Bijay Kant Dubey#433 on top 500 poets
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Poetry, What Is Poetry? Poetry
What is poetry,
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text:
Justin Timberlake is back into the music scene. It took him several years to release his third album as a solo performer. But it surely is definitely worth the wait. He has succeeded in defying expectations of his music critics and fans. Not surprisingly, the album has become among the fastest selling CDs is the past number of years. The robust sales don't account for the digital sales yet.
If you think the first single released 'Suit and Tie' defines the sound of the entire album, listen to the all tracks to be surprised. You may agree that there are more other songs in the album that are worthier of being the lead single. Even 'Mirrors' is not good enough compared to many other tracks in this CD. Here are some of the truly outstanding songs from this offering.
'Pusher Love Girl' is just appropriate to be the album's opening track. It is unique for its orchestral intro and lively chorus. As it turns out, this song is effective in setting any listener's expectations about what to expect from the rest of this album. This might not be the highlight of the entire CD, but it can whet taste buds of listeners even for a bit.
'Tunnel Vision' is filled with Timbaland's thumb prints all over it. The mid-tempo setting gives way to Timberlake's distinct falsetto style of singing, which makes this track unique compared to other tracks in the same album. The two musical geniuses have again proven that they can produce a great song when they work together.
'Spaceship Coupe' is definitely a hidden treasure in the album. It seemed that Timberlake has let his imagination finally run wild in this song. The track features lyrics that perfectly fit the title. Any 'The 20/20 Experience' by Justin Timberlake album review would agree that this song has the potential to be among the biggest hits from this album.
You could instantly agree that 'That Girl' is a superb solid track that stands out because of its obvious Motown influences. This track indicates how Timberlake explores the type of sound that he wants to go into. He is obviously experimenting in this song and it shows how fun he could be.
'Let the Groove Get In' has an enticing tribal intro with pulsating beats. This song exudes the catches hook in the whole album. Prepare to hear horns, cowbells, and different percussion that are ideally layered together. The track lasts more than 7 minutes but listeners would not easily be aware of the time passing because of the song's hook.
'Mirrors' exudes a well crafted as well as delectable melody mixed with string sections, backing vocals, and hand-clapping samples. Truly, Timberlake and Timbaland have again produced another hit single.
'Blue Ocean Floor' has classifiable splendor that leaves lots of questions in listeners' minds. Upon hearing this song, you may not be able to help what musical direction Timberlake would take for his next album. The track is heavy with diverse musical influences and elements.
Overall, every 'The 20/20 Experience' by Justin Timberlake album review would point out that this album is a giant leap forward for this important recording artist. He sounds as if he is not concerned about being No. 1 anymore; instead, he sounds more interested in expressing his creative and artistic freedom.


text:
Ron Madsen, Senior Mechanical Designer
Ron is a Mechanical Designer with over 10 years of experience in equipment layout & piping design in industrial facilities, as well as manufacturing and process engineering. Ron also has experience in producing buried services drawings (buried utilities, steam tunnels, vaults, man-holes, etc.) The majority of his experience has been in the power and energy industry through various combined heat and power projects. He is adept in the use of 2D & 3D modeling in AutoCAD as well as production of process flow diagrams, process & instrumentation diagrams, equipment & piping arrangements etc.


text:
Nexonia Expenses App Android & iOS 11.8.0
Display Reject Reason
The Expenses app has been updated to display a rejection comment banner. Previously, when expenses were rejected, the reason written by the approver was not displayed.
Restrict Deactivated Users
Deactivated users are no longer able to submit expense reports.
Nexonia Timesheets App Android & iOS
Nexonia Timesheets 5.4.0 includes crash fixes as well as some minor bug fixes.


text:
Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI) in collaboration with Jammu and Kashmir (J and K) RTI Movement conducted a half day sensitisation workshop for journalists at the Institute of Management and Public Administration (IMPA), Srinagar on July 25, 2017. More than 25 representatives from print and electronic media participated in the workshop. Mr. Nitin Sethi, Deputy Editor, Scroll, explained the value of RTI to investigative journalists through his own experiences. Participants also interacted with CHRI Chairperson and its Director on the difficulties faced by journalists in the context of their work, particularly in a conflict-affected state. Mr. Venkatesh Nayak gave presentations on select case studies of how the media had used RTI laws in India and abroad for in-depth reporting.
Press: Rising Kashmir


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Time to travel again!
I am now in Zadar, Croatia for my first time. I am really excited because I heared beautiful things in Croatia and I will travel with a good friend of mine.
When I talked to her on the phone, she said: "How can I pack 10kg for 5 long days? That is nearly impossible!" I was thinking the same 2 years ago, but since then I mastered packing all the things I needed and still had cute outfits, even if I only had 10kg for 2 weeks. (Don't forget my semester abroad 4 month= 30kg!😎)
Today I want to give you some suitcase tips in order to pack more lightweighted! Enjoy!
1. Pack enough basics
I love fashion and if I could, I would always bring with me half of my wardrobe, but because I have only limited space, I figured out that you can combine outfits with a few basics. When you have T-Shirts in black, white, grey, you are good to go. The neutral colours will fit with every colourful item.
2. Small hygiene articles
I like wearing parfum, but I don't like to bring big glass bottles with me. They are heavy and take alot of space. Instead, I fill them into small parfum vaporizer. So practical! I bought them in my drugstore and they costed only 2€.
3. Max 3 pair of shoes
I remeber last year, when I was in Paris. For my birthday weekend I packed 5 pair of shoes. 5!! Ridicilous. 🙄 I ended up walking in one because the other ones were very uncomfortable anyway but I wanted to have so cute pictures with them👀
Now, I have my max 3 Rule. When I travel somewhere very warm, I pack one pair of Flip Flops. They are so useful because they can be used as your houseshoes and you can use them when you go to the beach and on the beach. They are light and easy to clean. Other kind of shoes are comfortable trainers, which I wear on travel day and I recommend having nice shoes for visiting nice restaurants or places.
4. Socks for extra padding
Old socks can be used to protect delicate things like glass, sunglass, your phone- you name it. Just put it inside of the sock and if you think it is not secure enough, put it in the second pair of sock for extra security.
5. Where to put jewellery?
I don't really like the tips you find on the internet like putting earrings in a button or your necklace in a straw. I like everything very practical and put things in a tiny bag. Anyway, I would't bring a tonne of jewellries with you because of safety reasons.
With little tricks, you can pack your luggage much quicker and easier.
What are your favourite packing hacks?
Like, share and comment this article if you liked it.
Much love and blessings,


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1998, Oil on reclaimed hardwood door 109 x 59cm * CLICK HERE FOR DETAIL *
POA, please enquire for more information and see comments below about the companion piece [rm]
This painting should be viewed alongside Designs exterior, A meeting of minds also in this gallery. Both done at the same time on cupboard doors salvaged from Dr Marley's old house in Padstow after the kitchen was, er, 'improved'. They are early examples of my interest in adaptive womanhood - inside / outside. This one was done after an intimate photograph of a film director's wife whose name I'm ashamed to say I forget - I WOULD LOVE TO KNOW, IF ANYONE RECOGNISES HER PLEASE GET IN TOUCH.
NB. I would prefer for these two paintings to remain together and so would look favourable on arranging pricing to encourage that.
An associated work is Contemplation of the result in the Portraits gallery; this is the full-length painting mentioned there.


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The Neighborhood... Stroll. Eat. Drink. Shop. Experience.
Living right on the border of Downtown and Midtown Sacramento, you're close to all the action and get to enjoy all the performances and theatres when you live at our pet-friendly Penthouses at Capitol Park Apartments. From classy bars to high-end dining, and charming boutiques, you don't have to travel far to experience the liveliness and culture of city life. We are nearby botanical gardens at Capitol Park, see enchanting exhibits at downtown museums, or tour the historic neoclassical style State Capitol Building—all in the place you call home. Explore our Sacramento CA luxury apartments today!


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Dusting Attacks Threatening Anonymity of BTC Wallets
Samourai Wallet has announced through the company's Twitter account that users need to be vigilant of a possible dusting attack. The team sees themselves as activists for privacy. They are dedicated to continuing privacy in BTC transactions as they strive to design the most private BTC wallet.
Dusting attacks happen when malicious software sends a few satoshis to various addresses. The amount that is sent is quite insignificant it's called dust.
Wallets that contain dust and start making more transactions are vulnerable to the attackers, as they are then able to inspect the funds within the blockchain. By joining the data from the transactions of multiple addresses, the attackers can link these addresses to each other and by doing so they are able to recognize the source of each address and who it belongs to, whether individuals or companies.
To try and ease this issue and make sure users remain anonymous on the system, Samourai Wallet advises the owners of wallets to initiate the coin control option, which gives users more control over how their bitcoins are spent when a transaction takes place. In effect, users are able to choose the addresses on which they will send their bitcoins as well as which ones to be used from the received coins.
Keeping Digital Information Anonymous
The problem is anyone within the system can be a target of dust attacks. When you own a BTC wallet that just received a few bitcoins, your anonymity of the networks could be jeopardized. As we advance in digital technology, the fact that our personal and financial data remains anonymous online will be very crucial in the future, because a lot can be known about someone through their wealth or spending patterns.
The issue remains with how every purchase we make by using credit cards is actually closely observed by the government, while payment apps such as Venmo reveal by default publicly every user's transaction history.
BTC has provided the freedom of online transactions while no relying on third parties. However, its abrupt nature leaves no room for full privacy for financial transactions, as they can be easily traced or linked to certain companies or individuals by using chain analysis methods. It has already been reported that BitFury was able to remove anonymity from 15% of the BTC network.
Considering one of the most significant aspects of digital currencies is their anonymity, it is crucial that investors be extra careful against such attacks.


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Rusal: Going green or a tinge of greenwash?
Given its status as the world's second largest aluminium producer, Rusal's sustainability-linked loan debut is good news for the growing ESG movement. But like other deals in the commodity sector that have closed before it, the financial structure in Rusal's deal lacks the teeth to leave no doubt that it is not tinged with a bit of greenwash.
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We are passionate about seeing a strong, city-wide community of believers equipped and empowered with the transforming love and presence of God.
Our vision is to reach all peoples with the gospel, supporting one another in the expansion of God's Kingdom and continually bringing people into a dynamic encounter with Jesus Christ.
We aim to be relevant, contemporary and prophetic in our message and lifestyle.
Core Values
We believe that every person has been gifted by God and has a significant role to play in seeing the Kingdom of God established.
each person to be growing in their personal commitment as a disciple of Jesus Christ
each person to be led into personal freedom by the power and impact of the Holy Spirit
each person to be equipped, released and supported in their God given gifting and calling.
each person seeking to be involved in the process of bringing others to Jesus Christ.
a community of believers who love one another and worship together
an effective prophetic people
mission focused with active, relevant and effective involvement in evangelism both local and overseas.
We Believe
In the deity of the complete Godhead: Father, Son and Holy Spirit, the One true God.
In the virgin birth of Jesus Christ and that He by His death on the cross, atoned for our sins so we accept salvation by faith, through His shed blood and that without His saving Grace, all are lost.
In His bodily resurrection from the grave, bodily second coming and the ultimate resurrection of all men either to life or damnation.
that the true church is made up of born again believers.
In the necessity of the baptism in the Holy Spirit for effective and powerful service and in the present work of the Word of God and the Holy Spirit to conform the believer to the image of Christ.
In Christ's Great Commission to preach the gospel, baptise believers and make disciples of all nations.
Our Pastors:
Brent & Patricia Douglas
Senior Leaders


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Does My Small Business Need Insurance?
The stance on small businesses in California needing insurance varies. While not all small businesses need to have the same coverage, there are certain types of insurance small businesses absolutely need to have. Here is a breakdown of the type of coverage you need.
The Type of Coverage You Need
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Then there are special cases in which certain aspects of your business must be covered. Such as commercial auto insurance if cars are driven for work, for example if you conduct deliveries.
mall Business Insurance Package in National City, CA
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