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Alliance Expectations
Planning Day is 24 hours.
- DO NOT DONATE TROOPS. THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT. During the planning stage you will see each player have open space for war troop donations. THE ONLY individuals who are allowed to donate troops are the top 1, 2, or 3 players in each war. This guarantees that everyone in the war has the STRONGEST troops.
- ACTIVATE A FAKE WAR BASE DESIGN. This is a Yotta specific strategy. When we begin a war, activate a war base design that is NOT your real design. We do this so that we throw the enemy off and do not give them ability to plan an attack on our cities. We limit the amount of time they have to "Scout" our cities by showing them a fake base. Be prepared with fake base designs but DO NOT forget to change your base back before the war begins! (**Most creative fake war base design gets bragging rights!**)
- Determine your Rank
- Look at your Paired enemy city, with the same rank. Determine how many guaranteed stars you can get from your paired enemy city.
- Look at enemy cities +1 and -1 of your rank. For example, if you are rank 5 then you compare yourself against the enemy 5, the enemy 4 and the enemy 6.
- Communicate to the War Lord ASAP how many guaranteed stars you can get on these enemy cities.
Be prepared to look for the war assignments. Depending on each war, the War Lord plans different attacking strategies. You must never never never ever attack anybody you are not assigned to attack!
- Never begin upgrades on defensive structures during war. For instance, if your towers, garrisons, etc are being upgraded during the 24 hours of war then they will not be defending your town. This is bad. Plan your defensive upgrades around the time period of war.
- Take snapshots of your base design. Ask our alliance to help you design your war base. Work to develop the best strategy.
- Practice attacks on other multiplayers with a similar age, similar XP, and similar setup. It helps you gauge your army.
- Ask for advice and help if you need it.
Related posts

subset: commoncrawl


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Concrete Jersey Barrier
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Temporary concrete road barriers are a useful tool in traffic management, to safely control traffic flows. Concrete safety barriers are a common sight in car parks, used to define entry and exit lanes and to protect traffic from straying into oncoming lanes. Concrete road barriers may be used to secure building sites and road works, protecting both the passing public and workforce within.
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Concrete barriers have numerous applications. They are typically used to provide temporary road blocks to stop vehicular access, to direct traffic flow, and to assist with road-side risk management. Concrete barriers can also be used to prevent access to vacant sites, block farm gateways, for flood defence and earth retention, and to create storage bays for flammable bulk goods and materials. Concrete blocks can also be used for counterbalancing loads on lorries and cranes.
Concrete Jersey barriers are heavy duty interlocking blocks that provide high level security and protection whilst allowing sections to be easily removed and re-positioned should access be required.
Datasheets containing all technical specifications for our concrete barriers can be downloaded from the specific product pages
We are usually able to provide a next-day delivery service on all our concrete barriers and blocks.
Our concrete barriers and blocks weigh from 500kg to 4700kg, depending on the size required.
Our concrete barriers and Legato™ concrete blocks are available in a wide range of sizes, from 400mm to 4m in in length, weighing in from 500kg to 4.7 tonnes.
Our Legato™ concrete blocks are available in a wide range of sizes starting from 400mm in length.
Yes we do. Concrete barriers can be used time and time again across sites. When you have finished using our barriers we can offer you a 'buy back' option.
Concrete barriers are installed using heavy lifting equipment, such as a forklift, telehandler or crane (including lorry-mounted). The best option depends on the weight of the barriers, site access and space.
Yes. Please contact us to request these.
Concrete barriers are connected together at the join using M24 diameter threaded sockets and high-tensile bolts, fixed using a ratchet. Concrete barriers can also be fixed to the road surface using anchor plates bolted to the underside of the barriers.
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ElDorar AlShamia:
In a small plastic tent divided into two rooms, a kitchen, with dried food and some utensils, cooking gas and another room used for both sitting and sleeping, the Syrian refugee Walid tells the story of his suffering since fleeing Syria to Lebanon.
"We thought we would stay here for two or three months, but three years have passed in such a miserable situation we live" Walid says, sitting on a bedroom.
No identity
Walid explains that "the big problem is the impossibility of leaving the place because we do not have identification papers, and the Lebanese government imposes visa fees on us that we can not earn at all because many of refugees who do not have identification papers can not work.
Walid is unable to leave the camp to work, fearing that he would be arrested again. He was arrested on his way to look for a job as he was passing with his family a military checkpoint. He was then imprisoned for one month and paid money for a lawyer who could not got him released.
Walid's father works in a vegetable market in Tripoli, but what he earns is not enough to secure the family's livelihood. Most families have to send wives and children to work outside. The father can not leave for fear of arrest, according to Lebanon 24 news site.
No Kidney
In order to ensure a better life for his children, Walid dreams of fleeing to Europe, and for that he sold one of his kidneys for the money he would pay the smugglers they would carry him with his wife and three daughters on a boat to Turkey and then to Greece.
"My daughters have no chance to go to school, they can not even write their own names," he says, as the rainy season is over, because the sea is raging and his eight-month-old daughter Ghada's size is smaller than a life jacket , she has a little body. "He said.
Winter is a heavy burden on the displaced people. Rainy water is flooding the camp, with no heating in tents that can not withstand storms, wind speeds and rain. As the winter is cold and difficult for the camp residents, the summer is very harsh and hot.


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Steep Crude Stock Draw Lifts WTI
NEW YORK (DTN) -- New York Mercantile Exchange spot-month oil futures settled mixed with an upside bias Wednesday afternoon, with September West Texas Intermediate crude oil and ULSD boosted by bullish federal data showing draws for petroleum inventories while demand increased during the week ended August 4.
"While there was geopolitical uncertainty about North Korea, at the end of the day the market closed higher because fundamentals are getting better," said analyst Phil Flynn at Price Futures. "The big drawdown in crude stocks and the record high refinery runs gave the bulls an edge, and even though gasoline demand pulled back, it's still at a high level."
The Energy Information Administration's weekly oil report showed total commercial petroleum inventories dropped 4.6 million bbl in the week ended Aug. 4 while total products supplied over the last four-week period averaged over 21.2 million bpd, up 2.3% versus the same period last year.
Also, the data showed crude oil stocks plunged 6.5 million bbl to a 475.4 million bbl 9-1/2-month low, 3.6% year-on-year deficit. It was accompanied by a 166,000 bpd surge in refinery crude inputs, a proxy for demand, as refinery runs jumped 0.9% to a 12-year high of 96.3%.
Total U.S. oil production eased 7,000 bpd to 9.423 million bpd, but was due to a drop in Alaska with lower 48 production at the highest level in two years.
The agency also reported gasoline stockpiles increased by 3.4 million bbl while distillate fuel supply was drawn down by 1.7 million bbl. The gasoline data was somewhat bearish as demand for the fuel eased 45,000 bpd last week, but is 0.3% higher year-on-year.
"The gasoline build was due to a build in blending components that we had expected over the last couple of weeks," said analyst Kyle Cooper at ION Energy in Houston. "Distillate demand was stronger than expected and thus the larger drop. Gasoline and distillate output rose despite a 64,000 bpd reduction in refinery capacity. Overall, a bullish report."
Concerns about global supply overhang and a surge in production by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries limited the upside for WTI and ULSD futures.
September WTI crude futures settled 39cts higher at $49.56 bbl and October Brent on the IntercontinentalExchange climbed 56cts to a $52.70 bbl settlement. September ULSD futures settled up 2.41cts at $1.6533 gallon, reversing off a better than one-week low of $1.6128. September RBOB futures contract settled down fractionally at $1.6200 gallon.
George Orwel can be reached at email@example.com
Copyright 2017 DTN/The Progressive Farmer. All rights reserved.


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Rose Bryne, the new mother in Hollywood, seemed jubilant to be reunited with her husband and 4-month-old son earlier this month. Bryne had been away to London to receive the Best Comedy Actress gong at the Glamour Awards last month. The family of three went out for a low-key outing to celebrate their time together.
Even after mothering a child just a few months back, Bryne seems to be flaunting a fit and alluring body during her public appearances. According to sources, her body measurement is 32-23-33.
This sexy Aussie is married to her husband Bobby Cannavale. They have one son together, Rocco, who was born on February 1 earlier this year. 'Vinyl ' actor Cannavale also has a 21-year-old son, Jake, with his ex-wife. He was married to Jenny Lumet before Brye. She was the screenwriter for the movie 'Rachel Getting Married.' Though his previous marriage ended in divorce, Cannavale still has an amicable relationship with his ex-wife and their son Jake.
The Australian beauty has movies such as The Meddler, Neighbors 2 and X-Men: Apocalypse in her recent credit. She has appeared in several music videos "Black the Sun" by Alex Lloyd in 2000, "I Miss You" by Darren Hayes in 2002, "Digital Versicolor" by Glass Candy in 2007.
37-year-old Bryne said in an interview, "I have adopted my mom and dad's no-nonsense parenting styles." She hopes to be as good a parent to her son like her own parents.
The duo had been dating for three years before getting married. They formally announced their pregnancy in November last year to a magazine.
During an interview with the same publication, Cannavale gushed about his happiness in being a parent again at 46 years of age, "It's a great time and we feel really excited about it".
This happy duo worked together in Annie and Adult Beginners in 2014 as well as Spy of 2015.
Bryne's net worth is estimated to be around $12.5 million whereas her husband's total worth is close to the $8 million mark.


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Bordetella pertussis, an obligate human pathogen and the agent of whooping cough, is a clonal species, despite the dynamic selection pressures imposed by host immunity and vaccine usage. Because the generation of variation is critical for species evolution, we employed a variety of approaches to examine features of B. pertussis genetic variation. We found a high level of conservation of gene content among 137 B. pertussis strains with different geographical, temporal, and epidemiological associations, using comparative genomic hybridization. The limited number of regions of difference were frequently located adjacent to copies of the insertion element IS481, which is present in high numbers in the B. pertussis chromosome. This repeated sequence appears to provide targets for homologous recombination, resulting in deletion of intervening sequences. Using subtractive hybridization, we searched for previously undetected genes in diverse clinical isolates but did not detect any new genes, indicating that gene acquisition is rare in B. pertussis. In contrast, we found evidence of altered gene order in the several strains that were examined and again found an association of IS481 with sites of rearrangement. Finally, we compared whole-genome expression profiles of different strains and found significant changes in transcript abundance, even in the same strain after as few as 12 laboratory passages. This combination of approaches provides a detailed picture of a pathogenic species with little gene loss or gain but with the capacity to generate variation by rearranging its chromosome and altering gene expression. These findings have broad implications for host adaptation by microbial pathogens.
Bacterial pathogens face a dynamic array of selective pressures as they establish themselves within hosts, replicate, and are transmitted to new hosts. Upon arrival in a host, microbes may be forced to contend with innate immune defenses, scarcity of metabolic resources, competition from other bacteria for resources and colonization sites, and adaptive immunity, and then they must readapt to the outside environment during transmission to a new host. Individual hosts and pathogens adapt and respond to each other during the course of an infection, while evolving new offensive and defensive strategies on a population-wide basis. Pathogens must employ strategies to prevent their eradication by host immunity, which is constantly changing both within an individual host and within the host population. For an obligate pathogen to persist in a host population, its evolutionary process must be ongoing. This evolution can include gaining new functionality through horizontal transfer of genes, losing "antivirulence" genes, or altering the form or regulation of existing proteins through mutation in coding sequences or changes in promoters or operonic structures.
The Bordetella genus of respiratory pathogens provides a rich model with which to explore questions of evolution of pathogenesis and host adaptation. The three species comprising the "classical" bordetellae have much in common, including very similar mechanisms of pathogenesis and a high degree of sequence similarity in shared genes, but they have different host ranges and abilities to survive outside a host. Bordetella bronchiseptica, which has a broad mammalian host range and the most complete set of metabolic pathways of the three species, is thought to be similar to the ancestral form of the group from which the more-host-restricted variants evolved by genome reduction (7, 28). Bordetella parapertussis infects only sheep and humans, and Bordetella pertussis is an obligate pathogen of humans.
B. pertussis causes whooping cough, a significant source of mortality against which vaccines have been widely used in developed countries for approximately 50 years. The medical importance of this pathogen has motivated numerous molecular and epidemiological investigations which have revealed several distinctive features of this species. One hallmark of B. pertussis is its extremely limited genetic variability, as assessed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (26, 37), multilocus sequence typing (8, 38), and previous microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis performed on a small number of strains (7). Because B. pertussis induces a long-lasting immune response in its hosts, which theoretically imposes selective pressure on the bacterium to evade immunity induced by prior infection and vaccination, the lack of polymorphism in the species is somewhat surprising and has been speculatively attributed to fitness costs associated with immune evasion or to frequent population bottlenecks (36).
Another unusual feature of B. pertussis is its exceptionally high load of insertion sequence (IS) elements. The sequenced strain, Tohama I, carries 261 IS elements, 238 of which are identical repeats of IS481 (28). These elements comprise over 6% of the genome and have transposed into many coding sequences, creating numerous presumably nonfunctional pseudogenes in Tohama I and also providing sites for homologous recombination throughout the chromosome. The IS elements appear to have expanded recently in the B. pertussis genome, as many fewer IS elements are found in B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis strains (28, 37).
As well as the loss of functional genes due to disruption by IS elements, several lines of evidence have led to the inference that B. pertussis has undergone significant genome reduction (7, 28). In addition, very little evidence of horizontal gene acquisition was observed in the genome sequence of the single strain so far examined (7, 28). To gain a better understanding of how this pathogen is evolving to meet the pressures of its restricted host niche without the benefit of novel genetic input, we obtained strains that represented a wide diversity of temporal and geographic isolation characteristics, as well as strains from before and during a large epidemic, and strains from hosts with different vaccination status. We subjected these strains to CGH, subtractive hybridization, global expression profiling, and gene order analysis. Consistent with previous studies, we found very little variation in gene content between strains. However, variation in gene order may provide a source of genetic variability necessary for evolution of this species. Additionally, we found that whole-genome expression profiles of a recent clinical strain changed significantly over 12 laboratory passages, indicating that despite extremely restricted variability in gene content, B. pertussis can alter gene regulation quickly when introduced to a new environment.
Bacterial strains and growth conditions. Bordetella strains used in this study are listed in Table S1 of the supplemental material. Strains individually discussed in this report are as follows: Tohama I, isolated in Japan in the 1950s and sequenced at the Sanger Centre (28); 18323, isolated in the United States in the 1940s and used as the ATCC type strain; Bpe43, Bpe336, and Bpe337, all isolated during an epidemic in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1993; Bpe280, isolated in California in 2005. Liquid cultures were grown in modified Stainer-Scholte medium at 37°C with shaking. For passage experiments, strains were grown at 37°C on Bordet Gengou agar with 15% sheep blood (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) until individual colonies were well-defined, and a single colony was streaked onto a fresh plate.
Microarray design and construction.An expanded Bordetella microarray was constructed based on that described in reference 7. A total of 5,670 PCR products, representing 97.4% of the B. pertussis Tohama I open reading frames (ORFs), 97.9% of the B. parapertussis 12822 ORFs, and 98.5% of the B. bronchiseptica RB50 ORFs, were printed in duplicate on poly-l-lysine-coated glass slides. Details of microarray printing have been previously reported (7).
Comparative genomic hybridization.Genomic DNA from each strain was labeled and hybridized to the arrays along with mixed reference DNA (consisting of equimolar quantities of genomic DNA from each of the three sequenced strains used in construction of the array). Technical details are in the methods of the supplemental material. The threshold for calling an array element "not detected" was determined individually for each array based on its distribution of log ratios, as previously described (7). Regions of difference (RDs) were defined as two or more adjacent array elements (separated by a maximum gap of one probe) not detected in at least 3 (of 137) strains. Data have been deposited in ArrayExpress (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/ ) with accession number E-TABM-54.
Subtractive hybridization.Suppression subtractive hybridization was carried out using the PCR-Select bacterial genome subtraction kit (Clontech, Mt. View, CA), with modifications as previously described (7). The tester DNA was a pool of equal amounts of genomic DNA from five B. pertussis strains chosen to represent different geographical locations and time periods (Bpe37, Bpe43, Bpe183, WCH22, and Bp12464). A control tester pool was prepared by adding an equimolar amount of HaeIII-digested φX174 phage DNA after completing the initial RsaI digestion step of the protocol. The driver DNA was a pool of equimolar amounts of genomic DNA from the sequenced strains B. pertussis Tohama I, B. parapertussis 12822, and B. bronchiseptica RB50, as well as 40 fragments isolated from an ovine isolate of B. parapertussis that were not found in the sequenced Bordetella strains (data not shown). From the subtraction using the control tester pool, 52 randomly chosen fragments were sequenced. From the subtraction using the experimental tester pool, 480 fragments were recovered, cloned, reamplified, and printed on microarrays. The microarrays were hybridized with each of the five strains in the tester pool versus the driver pool, and the 10 spots from each array with the highest ratios of tester versus driver were chosen for sequencing.
Microarray-based chromosomal mapping.Genomic DNA was prepared in agarose plugs, digested with SwaI, and resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) essentially as described elsewhere (25; see also the Methods section in the supplemental material). Each band was excised and treated with β-agarase (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. DNA from each band was isopropanol precipitated in the presence of 30 μM spermine, 70 μM spermidine, and 100 mM NaCl and then labeled and hybridized to microarrays as described in the methods section of the supplemental material.
Analysis of transcript abundance profiles.Mid-log-phase cultures were diluted in fresh Stainer-Scholte medium to a calculated absorbance of 0.05 at 600 nm. Half of each culture was removed to another flask, and MgSO4 was added to a final concentration of 75 mM to modulate the strains into the Bvg− phase. When cultures reached mid-log phase (optical density at 600 nm, 0.8 to 2.6), 1 ml of culture was centrifuged at 16,000 × g for 30 seconds, the supernatant was removed, and the cell pellet was frozen at −80°C. Total RNA was isolated using the RNAqueous-4PCR kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) with an additional lysis step using lysozyme (0.4 mg/ml). RNA labeling and hybridization are described in the methods section of the supplemental material. Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) (35) was performed using all spots with data in at least 67% of strains (triplicate cultures were averaged together).
Analysis of gene content of diverse B. pertussis strains by comparative genomic hybridization.To gain a broad perspective on the gene content of B. pertussis, a DNA microarray was used to survey genomic DNA from 137 B. pertussis strains isolated from four countries, including strains from before, during, and after an epidemic in Cincinnati, Ohio, and from before and after high vaccination coverage was achieved in the United States and The Netherlands. Comparisons of the gene content of these B. pertussis strains revealed very low levels of intraspecies diversity. On average, only 1.6% (standard deviation, 0.62%) of the total pool of genes found in any B. pertussis strain were called "not detected." Figure 1 shows the comparative genomic hybridization data for all 137 strains. The materials section in the supplemental material includes two microarray data files, one containing the log ratios for all array elements found in B. pertussis strains and one with binary data consisting of "detected" or "not detected" calls for each array element, with RDs indicated.
Twenty-six loci fit our criteria for RDs (at least two chromosomally adjacent array elements not detected in three or more strains). The genes in 20 RDs were detected in Tohama I; the other 6 RDs contained Bordetella genes that were absent in Tohama I but present in other B. pertussis strains. Four of the RDs which contained genes detected in Tohama I were composed of array elements with slightly lower ratios in many strains, which appear to be divergent regions as opposed to frank deletions. These four RDs are not flanked by IS elements, whereas all of the other RDs either are adjacent to at least one IS481 element in the Tohama I sequence or there is an IS481 element in place of the RD if it is missing from Tohama I, suggesting that a major mechanism for gene loss in B. pertussis is IS element-mediated deletion. There also were clear instances of deletions that did not meet the criteria for RDs because they involved a single gene missing from multiple strains or several genes missing from one or two strains, and almost all of these regions were adjacent to one or two IS481 elements.
Pseudogenes were overrepresented in those RDs that consisted of Tohama I genes (Table 1). In addition, two RDs (RD1 and RD19) appeared to be decaying prophages. Genes in the functional category "adaptation," which includes those involved in iron uptake and copper resistance, also were overrepresented in the RDs, suggesting that these genes may be unused or possibly even detrimental to these bacteria in some situations (see Table 1 for explanation of functional categorization of genes). The categories "metabolism of small molecules" and "macromolecule metabolism and ribosomal genes" were significantly underrepresented in the RDs, indicating that these genes are under selection to be retained, as expected given their essential functions. Interestingly, although the chemotaxis and motility loci in Tohama I contain several pseudogenes and IS481 elements and B. pertussis motility has never been observed (3), no genes in this functional category appeared in any of the RDs, although the number of genes was too small for this underrepresentation to reach statistical significance. Notably, no known virulence factors were found among the RDs.
Three RDs were associated with strains isolated in the prevaccine era from the United States and The Netherlands. The genes in RD3, comprising BP0911 to BP0934, were present in 11 of 14 strains from the prevaccine era but only 1 of 82 strains from the postvaccine era in these two countries (P < 1 × 10−10; Fisher's exact test, two-tailed). Among the 24 genes in this RD, one encodes a putative membrane protein and two encode putative exported proteins, which are potential targets of vaccine-induced immunity. A similar temporal distribution was observed for RD5, encompassing BP1135 to BP1141, which includes four genes encoding proteins predicted to be involved in iron uptake. These genes were detected in 10 of 16 prevaccine strains from the United States, The Netherlands, and Japan, whereas these genes were not detected in any postvaccine strains from these countries or in modern strains from vaccinated and unvaccinated Italian patients (n = 121; P < 1 × 10−10). Finally, RD25, which contains genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (BB1789 to BB1797), was detected in 8 of 16 prevaccine strains and 0 of 121 postvaccine strains (P < 1 × 10−8).
The opposite trend was observed for RD13 (BP2627-2629), RD16 (BP3104-3109), RD18 (BP3314-3322), and RD23 (BB0917- 0921), all of which were detected predominantly in strains collected in the postvaccine era. In each case, some prevaccine strains did contain the genes in these RDs, suggesting that the deleted strains were replaced by other strains circulating at the time that contained these genes.
The only strain with unusually high divergent gene content was the ATCC type strain 18323, which also has been differentiated from most B. pertussis strains by other typing methods (5, 23, 26, 40). This strain had the largest proportion of genes called "not detected" (5.3%), and the locations of not-detected regions frequently did not align with such regions in any other strain. In addition, strain 18323 contains genes found in other Bordetella species but not present in any other B. pertussis strains (5, 23, 26, 40). The fact that this strain is missing genes that are present in every other B. pertussis strain surveyed indicates that such genes are not essential for survival of the bacterium but may be important for achieving high levels of circulation within human populations (only one other B. pertussis strain similar to 18323 has been reported [5, 40]).
Investigation of B. pertussis gene acquisition by subtractive hybridization.A limitation of microarray-based CGH is that it can detect only genes that are present in the strain(s) used to construct the microarray. Therefore, to determine if other strains contain additional DNA, we performed subtractive hybridization. Genomic DNA from five B. pertussis strains from different countries and time periods was pooled and subjected to suppression subtractive hybridization, using a driver pool of DNA from the sequenced strains of B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica, supplemented with sequences from an ovine isolate of B. parapertussis. Four hundred eighty recovered fragments were screened by microarray hybridization analysis to find those most likely to be unique to the tester pool and 36 of these were sequenced, but BLASTN analysis indicated that all of them shared very high (or complete) nucleotide identity with sequences found in the driver pool. Thus, no novel sequences were recovered from the tester pool.
To gain an estimate of the sensitivity of this technique, the tester DNA pool was spiked with an equimolar quantity of HaeIII-digested φX174 phage DNA. Seventy-two percent of the φX174 spiked DNA (3,858/5,386 bp; 6 of 11 fragments) was recovered after sequencing 52 randomly chosen fragments from this subtraction. Because the experimental subtractive hybridizations included an additional screening step, we expect that the technique should be sensitive enough to detect most unique B. pertussis genes, and almost certainly any large insertions, that are present in the tester sequences.
Detection of genome rearrangements by microarray-based chromosomal mapping.Recombination between the many IS elements in B. pertussis may result in chromosomal deletions and inversions, depending on the orientation and location of the repeated sequences. Such chromosomal rearrangements are common in B. pertussis (32, 33). Many of the deletions observed by CGH appear to be the product of recombination between two IS elements that were in the same orientation on the chromosome. We employed a novel technique to investigate the extent of genome rearrangement and the role of IS elements in mediating it. Genomic DNA was digested into large fragments, and the gene content of each fragment was determined using microarray hybridization. SwaI digestion of Tohama I, the sequenced strain of B. pertussis, produced five bands of the predicted sizes, as assessed by PFGE. When DNA from each of these bands was hybridized to microarrays, the array elements detected showed excellent correspondence with the genes expected to be on each fragment according to the genome sequence, confirming the accuracy of this technique (data not shown).
Digestion with SwaI of genomic DNA from independently isolated B. pertussis strains resulted in a remarkable diversity of PFGE banding patterns (Fig. 2, top panel). Determination of the genes present in each of the bands produced by SwaI digestion of three isolates, Bpe43, Bpe336, and Bpe337, revealed that they are distinguished from Tohama I by several genomic rearrangements (Fig. 2, bottom panel). Each of the bands from these strains contained one to four blocks of genes which were contiguous in the Tohama I genome, indicating that multiple chromosomal inversions had occurred during the divergence of these strains to produce different arrangements of the same genetic material. At each apparent recombination junction, an IS481 element was present in the sequence of Tohama I, providing strong evidence that most of the chromosomal rearrangements are mediated by IS elements.
To investigate the rate of chromosomal rearrangements, we passaged two strains on plates and compared the gene order of the ancestral and derived isolates (Fig. 2, bottom panel). After 224 passages of Tohama I, a laboratory-adapted strain for which the precise passage history is not known, the gene order was unchanged from that of the original sequenced strain at the resolution provided by this technique. Laboratory adaptation or the absence of natural selection pressures may have affected the extent or frequency of genomic rearrangement in this strain. To determine whether a more recent clinical isolate might undergo rearrangement more frequently, we analyzed the gene order of Bpe280, which had been minimally passaged (an estimated five passages) before we obtained it. The gene order of Bpe280 was different from that of the other B. pertussis strains analyzed, but no rearrangements between the ancestral strain and a derivative which had been passaged 12 times were detected (Fig. 2, bottom panel). Rearrangements that were within the span of a single SwaI fragment would have been undetectable by this method.
Analysis of differences in transcript abundance and Bvg regulation between pre- and postvaccine strains and laboratory-passaged strains.CGH and subtractive hybridization indicated that gene content was very similar among all isolates, but most intergenic regions are not represented on the array and neither method is able to detect small genetic alterations (e.g., point mutations, frameshifts, and short insertions or deletions) which could produce significant changes in expression levels. Indeed, several studies have found variation in gene expression even among strains with similar gene content (11, 12, 16, 24, 39). In addition, IS-mediated chromosomal rearrangements could cause genes to be moved to positions near different transcriptional regulatory motifs, resulting in different expression patterns.
To look for correlations between expression profiles and epidemiology of B. pertussis, we chose four Dutch strains from the prevaccine era and four from the postvaccine era, since these collections showed the most variation in gene content (although still quite limited). Only nine array elements were found to differentiate between the two groups of strains (determined by SAM; false discovery rate of 0% [data not shown]). These genes did not group together into apparent operons or categories of functional significance, and there were many more strain-specific differences than differences between the prevaccine and postvaccine groups. Therefore, we next chose to focus on a smaller number of strains with known relationships to each other.
The ancestral and passaged descendant (224 passages on plates) of Tohama I, a laboratory strain, showed very few differences in transcript abundance under Bvg+ (virulent) and Bvg− (avirulent) conditions (four genes with a 20% false discovery rate and 10 genes with a 9% false discovery rate, respectively). In contrast, there were 38 and 41 genes (false discovery rate < 2%) with different transcript abundances in the ancestral and passaged strains of the clinical isolate Bpe280 under Bvg+ and Bvg− conditions, respectively, after only 12 passages (Fig. 3). Of particular interest, transcripts of two genes involved in capsule biosynthesis were detected at lower levels in the passaged strain under Bvg− conditions, which may provide an explanation for the conflicting reports about whether B. pertussis produces a capsule (see the discussion in reference 28). Similarly, transcripts of several genes for chemotaxis and motility were present at lower levels in the passaged strain under Bvg+ conditions, although it is not known whether these proteins are expressed. The fim3 gene, encoding an adhesin, also had lower transcript levels in the passaged strain of Bpe280, and the same pattern was seen in Tohama I when a lower stringency was used for determining expression differences.
Surprisingly, genes for two virulence factors, pertactin (prn) and filamentous hemagglutinin (fhaB), had higher transcript abundance in the passaged strain under Bvg+ conditions, as did a putative type III protein (bscD) under Bvg− conditions.
Bacterial species exhibit a wealth of mechanisms for generating genetic diversity, which is essential for adaptation to environmental changes, including the many dynamic challenges that confront pathogens. Genetic variation in pathogenic species may arise through uptake of new genetic material, which can confer traits such as antibiotic resistance, toxin production, and adhesion to host cells, or through gene loss during adaptation to a particular niche or lifestyle (18, 22). CGH studies of some pathogenic bacterial populations have revealed extensive variation in gene content, with over one-fifth of the content of some genomes being classified as "accessory genes" (9, 10, 30). The theme of highly flexible genome contents, due to both horizontal transfer and genomic degradation, has been reiterated in other CGH analyses and plays a major role in our understanding of how pathogenic bacteria adapt.
However, not all bacterial pathogens exhibit substantial variation in gene content. Some species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, maintain large genomes which confer adaptability to diverse environments (41). Other species, such as Yersinia pestis and B. pertussis, have evolved from more-generalist ancestors primarily through extensive genome degradation (1, 28). While gene acquisition also appears to have played a role in the evolution of Y. pestis (42), analysis of Bordetella genome sequences (28) and data presented here indicate that little or no gene acquisition has occurred during the divergence of B. pertussis from B. bronchiseptica.
In the large and diverse collection of strains surveyed here, only 6.4% (248 of 3,849 array elements) of the B. pertussis genome was found to be variably present. No known virulence-associated genes were located in RDs, nor were RDs exclusively associated with collections of strains from either before or after vaccination. Although some sets of RDs are missing in almost all the same strains, no two RDs show complete linkage. Instead, the pattern of RDs across the strains has a striking mosaic quality, suggesting that the RDs are not solely vertically inherited. Several nonexclusive factors may account for this observation. Some regions may be hot spots for gene loss, either due to a local feature of the genome (e.g., accessible chromosomal structure or spacing of IS elements) or because the genes in these RDs are nonessential. In this scenario, we would expect that in the absence of new or frequency-dependent selection pressures, all strains eventually would lose all variably present genes. The fact that this state is not observed may indicate that the strains are in an intermediate stage of genome reduction.
Another possibility is that variability in RDs is maintained in the population due to a form of frequency-dependent selection (21), such that an uncommon type of strain is favored due to acquired host immunity against the more common circulating strains. This model assumes that each RD encodes an immunogenic protein, the deletion of which would confer a selective advantage if the acquired ability to evade immunity outweighed the fitness cost of losing gene products in the RD. If the population size was large enough to avoid stochastic extinction, the proportions of various types of strains in the population might fluctuate indefinitely. The mosaic structure of RDs also could be maintained due to independent events of gene loss and interstrain gene transfer, a process that might occur because of a selective advantage conferred by temporary possession of the RDs or as a by-product of the large numbers of IS elements in the genomes.
Homogeneity in gene content among B. pertussis strains belies an extraordinarily high amount of genome rearrangement in this species, as first demonstrated by low-resolution chromosomal mapping (32, 33). Homologous recombination between high-copy-number IS481 elements is a likely mechanism for chromosomal rearrangement (28). Using a technique combining PFGE and microarray hybridization, we discovered multiple sites of genome rearrangement in five strains. All but one of the apparent recombination junctions in these strains were adjacent to IS481 elements. However, the rate of IS-mediated rearrangements during natural infection and transfer or lab passage is unknown. We found no changes in gene content of SwaI fragments in the laboratory strain Tohama I after it was passaged over 200 times on plates or in a recent clinical strain after 12 passages. Most previous investigations have not detected differences in PFGE types (predominantly using XbaI restriction patterns) after a small number of lab passages (2, 15), although one report indicated changes in PFGE types after approximately 10 passages (4). Comparison of PFGE typing of one strain used for production of a Swedish whole-cell vaccine revealed different patterns between vials prepared over an 8-year span, and occasionally within the same vial, but no changes were observed when several isolates were serially subcultured eight times (2). Laboratory conditions may not stimulate or select for these rearrangements to the same degree as natural infection conditions, and so we have initiated investigations into whether rearrangement occurs during chains of transmission of B. pertussis from one host to another.
Although the significance of nonprogrammed chromosomal rearrangement for bacterial evolution has not been heavily studied, some observations suggest that spontaneous chromosomal rearrangement may play a role in the evolution of other bacteria that bear high loads of insertion elements. For example, 9 out of 10 sucrose-resistant Burkholderia mallei mutants had deletions of sacB that were apparently mediated by recombination between flanking IS copies (27). In addition, several authors have proposed that the large number of IS elements in Y. pestis may contribute to rapid adaptive microevolution (34, 42).
Even in bacteria without large numbers of repeated sequences, chromosomal rearrangement has been observed in strains or species that are found only in specific niches, including host-specialized Salmonella species (13) and P. aeruginosa isolates from chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients (17). Furthermore, impaired host colonization of a recombination-deficient Helicobacter pylori mutant strain suggests a functional role for chromosomal rearrangement in H. pylori pathogenesis (29). Like mutator phenotypes, which are observed in some pathogenic species (14, 19, 20), high-frequency chromosomal rearrangement may provide transient variation for rapid adaptation to a new host environment in host-restricted or niche-adapted strains such as B. pertussis.
The high IS load of B. pertussis may reflect a recent proliferation of the repeat elements during an expansion into a new niche that imposed less selective pressure against the concomitant disruption of genes (28), and the perceived "maintenance" of IS elements may be completely nonadaptive. In fact, IS-mediated gene disruption in B. pertussis could be deleterious most of the time, but perhaps the concomitant generation of diversity provided by genome rearrangement is important for the continuing survival of B. pertussis in its ever-changing human niche.
Effects of genome rearrangement might be manifested at the level of transcription, because genes near the rearrangement breakpoints could be put under the control of new transcriptional regulatory elements. Comparison of expression profiles from ancestral and passaged strains of Tohama I and Bpe280 (a recent clinical isolate) revealed a number of differences between the ancestral and passaged isolates, some of which may be due to undetected genome rearrangements or other mutations. For a bacterial species with constrained gene content, such as B. pertussis, alteration of expression patterns is an efficient way to respond to selective pressures. Several reports support the proposition that closely related strains, including those derived by lab passage or growth in a single host, can show significant differences in expression profiles (6, 11, 12, 16, 24, 39). The observation that expression profiles change over relatively few passages has significant implications for the study of B. pertussis, because the lack of a natural animal host for this species requires many investigations of gene regulation and function be conducted in vitro, often with laboratory strains that have been passaged many times. In a broader evolutionary sense, the finding that B. pertussis displays variation in gene expression provides counterbalance to the high level of gene content homogeneity observed in this species and suggests that this pathogen can respond to the dynamic pressures of host immunity by altering regulation of a restricted set of genes, without the benefit of the genetic input that appears to play a significant role in the evolution of other pathogens.
This work was supported by NIH grants AI54970 and AI57188 to D.A.R., and M.M.B. was supported by a Smith Stanford Graduate Fellowship.
This study would not have been possible without the skill and generosity of many people who provided strains from their B. pertussis collections, especially Frits Mooi (RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands). We thank Sin-Yee Liew and Mari Nakamura for assistance with microarray preparation. We are grateful to Alok Saldanha and Pat Brown for helpful discussions about mapping gene order.
- Received 7 November 2005.
- Accepted 10 January 2006.
- Copyright © 2006 American Society for Microbiology


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PATIENTS are being turned away from a Huddersfield hospital ward because of a disease outbreak, it was revealed today.
Admissions to Huddersfield Royal Infirmary's ward seven have been restricted after a patient was found suffering symptoms matching viral gastroenteritis.
The ward deals with general medical cases.
Infection controls have been put in place and patients have been transferred or discharged to other medical facilities in a bid to contain the virus.
Senior infection control nurse Carole Hallam, of Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust, believed the outbreak was under control.
She said: "Over the winter some patients and staff have shown symptoms consistent with viral gastroenteritis.
"Control measures to minimise the spread of infection include the restriction of new admissions to the affected wards and the transferring or discharging of patients to other healthcare settings.
"The Trust remains vigilant for new cases, particularly at this time of year, and the current levels of infection are under control.
"It is typical to experience increased levels of this and other related symptoms in hospitals and the wider community over winter."
The outbreak coincides with new research commissioned by Unison, the UK's largest union, revealing the number of cleaners working in the NHS has been halved in the last 20 years.
Statistics showed only 55,000 cleaners working in the NHS in the year 2003 to 2004 compared with 100,000 20 years ago.
The union blamed cost cutting and contracting-out for the drop but warned it increased the risk of infection in hospitals.
Unison general secretary Dave Prentis said:
"Get more cleaners on the wards and around the hospitals and make them part of the NHS infection control team."
The infection control measures at the Infirmary were expected to continue until the weekend.
A Trust spokesman said: "The ward will be kept closed to new admissions until no symptoms have emerged for a time."


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Best Mirror Cleaner [2019-2020] Reviews & Buyer's Guide
Even wonder how much dirt is in the mirror? Any mirror of your households a lot of dirt. Window mirror, dressing mirror, and other glass surfaces are subject to a wide range of dust, oil, cosmetics, food products, and dirty hands. These surfaces require a detail cleaning solution that eliminates the germs and other visible evidence of a mess without leaving distracting streaks. In this review, we try to discuss the pros and cons of some of the best mirror cleaner. But what is a mirror? Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid material often transparent.
It has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage. Historically, glass is made from the chemical compound "silica" which is the primary constituent of sand. Glass is the main component of optics. People with shortsightedness use glass made the lens to increase the vision. Okay! Enough lesson on the glass. Now we talk about the cleaning process of a glass mirror. Any kind of glass mirror is a subject of clean. There are some facts that should be considered before you pick a mirror cleaner. For many years, you are trying to get the exterior of our window mirrors clean. They just never looked crystal clear.
A filmy residue and often chalky streaks would remain once the windows dry. You may try everything possible to get a crystal clear window but failed. Replacing paper towel with the newspaper wasn't bring any good result. Some mirror cleaners only clean the dirt from the surface of the mirror. This type of mirror cleaner has the least concern about de-infecting the mirror. But some mirror cleaner has this type of formula to clean the bacteria too. Mirror cleaner is an important day-to-day usable cleaner. In this review, we try to cover all aspect to give you a comprehensive idea about some mirror cleaner.
- 1 Top 3 Best Mirror Cleaner Comparison Table
- 2 Here Are Top 5 Best Mirror Cleaner [2019-2020]
- 3 How do we pick Best glass Cleaner?
- 4 How do we test the best mirror cleaner?
- 5 Some tips for mirror cleaning?
- 6 Final Verdict:-
Top 3 Best Mirror Cleaner Comparison Table
Here Are Top 5 Best Mirror Cleaner [2019-2020]
- 1TriNova Mirror Cleaner.
- 2HOPE'S Glass Cleaning Spray.
- 3Savogran 10763 Spray Cleaner.
- 4Sprayway SW050-12 Glass Cleaner.
- 5Oreck Glass Cleaner.
01.TriNova Mirror Cleaner.
This mirror cleaner from TriNova will clean your mirror efficiently. It can clean grease and smudge from the mirror surface.
02. HOPE'S Glass Cleaning Spray.
This glass cleaning spray from HOPE'S is 100% streak-free glass cleaner. It works faster than any glass cleaner and it needs fewer wipes. Fewer wipes mean fewer efforts!
03. Savogran 10763 Spray Cleaner.
If you have a glass, chrome, porcelain, ceramic etc. surface to clean, this surface cleaner from Savogran is ideal for you. It has an ammoniated formula to deal with the toughest stains. Fight with the tough one!
04. Sprayway SW050-12 Glass Cleaner.
With this glass cleaner from Sprayway, you clean and shine your glass windows. This glass cleaner uses clinging foam to break up soils and hold them even on a vertical surface. Vertical surface deserves equal attention!
05. Oreck Glass Cleaner.
This mirror cleaner will be a perfect addition to your cleaning arsenal. It is an effective glass cleaner. With an easy use can, this mirror cleaner will give you the opportunity to clean your mirror!
How do we pick Best glass Cleaner?
Most of the manufacturers are aware of their formula because it is the only thing that can really change the result. Ammonia is a strong cleaner. It is ideal to deal with the toughest stains but it also harmful to your glowing mirror. There is the moment of truth. We have to pick the non-ammonia formula over ammonia based formula. We do that to protect your mirror with maximum shine.
You have to apply the mirror cleaner on the surface to clean the mirror. If this application method is not easy and fast, you'll suffer a lot. So we pick the mirror cleaner with easy use feature.
How do we test the best mirror cleaner?
The mirror cleaner is an important daily life appliance. As there is a growing concern about the environment, we tried to keep it less harmful to the environment. So we test the primary selection to pick the mirror cleaner with minimum impact on the eco-system.
Streak-free cleaning:-
You will not be pleased if there is streak after cleaning. Streak-free cleaning greatly depends on the formula of mirror cleaner. We test the cleaners if they can provide a shiny streak-free cleaning.
Some tips for mirror cleaning?
- 1Always use specific mirror cleaner.
- 2Use soft cloths to clean the mirror.
- 3If you have a glossary mirror, please don't use ammonia-based cleaner.
- 4Use a cleaner with strong foam clinging to clean vertical surface.
- 5If your cleaner leaves a streak on the mirror surface, consider changing it to get streak-free cleaning.
Final Verdict:-
In this Best Mirror Cleaner [2019-2020] review article, we tried to discuss the "pros" and "cons" of some mirror cleaner. We pick a primary selection and then pick some of the mirror cleaners reviews for you. We hope you'll find the mirror cleaner for your home. Keep it shiny!
Related Post:
Best Grill Brush For Stainless Steel Grates [2019-2020]
Best Fiberglass Shower Cleaner Reviews In [2019-2020] Ultimate Buyer's Guide


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Madhya Pradesh MPBSE Result 2019: The Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE, Madhya Pradesh) announced its Matriculation Class 10th and Intermediate Class 12th results for 2019 today at board's official website: mpbse.nic.in. Last year, these results were announced on 14 May.
Around 21 lakh students had appeared for these exams, held in March this year. 11.48 lakh students had appeared for MPBSE, Madhya Pradesh Matriculation Class 10 exams, while 7.69 lakh candidates appeared for Class 12 examination.
Follow these steps to check your results online:
1: Go to the Madhya Pradesh board official website: mpbse.nic.in, or indiatoday.in/education-today
2: Enter your name, roll number and other required details in the respected fields.
3: Click on 'Submit'
4: Your results will appear on the screen.
About Madhya Pradesh Board:
The Board of Secondary Education, Madhya Pradesh is the board of school education in Madhya Pradesh, India. The MPBSE is a government body responsible for undertaking all the administrative and policy related decisions for the state's education system at the school level. The Board executes various activities like prescribing syllabus, conducting examinations etc.
Functions Of The Board
- To make necessary arrangements for smooth conduct of public examination at school level. At present, the Board conducts public examinations at Middle, Matriculation and Senior Secondary Level.
- To prescribe the curriculum, courses of studies and text books for school education. The Board has a full- fledged academic wing, having subject experts in all the major subjects. The main responsibility of this wing is to prepare and revise the syllabuses regularly and then prepare text books accordingly.
- To arrange for the preparations, compilation, improvement, publication, printing and sale of text books.
- To make necessary arrangements for affiliations of schools to the Board.
- To make efforts to bring about qualitative improvement in school education.
- To act as an advisory body to the state Govt. regarding School Education.


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Powersports lenders need to be aware that permissible reason is required to pull a consumer's credit or else they are subject to up to a $1,000 fine, David Gemperle, partner at Nisen & Elliot LLC, told Powersports Finance.
Gemperle noted that there "seems to be confusion" among some lenders over what are permissible purposes for checking credit.
"Maybe I want to send the consumer an offer, but I don't know if I want to waste the mailer on him," Gemperle said. "I'll just pull the credit and see. [The lender] just kind of noodles around people's credit report because [they're] thinking that [they] might want to make [the consumer] an offer on an individual basis."
However, a lender shouldn't pull credit until it is doing business with the consumer or the consumer has asked for credit.
"My guess for lenders that are not aware [of this rule] would be that it is the marketing department driving the efforts to sign up customers," Gemperle added. "There's a whole gamut of rules related to advertising finance that powersports maybe is not as focused on when they're creating their marketing and when they're deciding whether they have a right to check somebody's credit."
Consumers are typically unaware when lenders are checking their credit, so lenders have likely "already gotten away with it," Gemperle said, but if an investigation is launched after the fact, the lender that obtained the consumer report under false pretenses or knowingly without a permissible purpose is liable to receive a fine up to $1,000.


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Want to be a good roommate? Just do the damn dishes
It's loud and boisterous, and your roommate just won't quiet down. You've got a test tomorrow, and you can't think for a minute because you're still holding a grudge over whose turn it is to do the dishes.
You know it's his turn, but if he waits any longer, you're going to succumb to doing it again. You'll tally another point, raising the count to a 7-1 lead. In a game of chores, a commanding lead is not what you want.
Under the right circumstances, having a roommate can make life significantly better for the both of you. In other, worse scenarios, it can make returning home a routine nightmare.
I've had two roommates since I started at Wichita State. I've been the good roommate, the bad roommate, the clean freak, the slob, and the idiot who crams a full Costco load of groceries into a 75-sq. ft. kitchen.
Here are some tips for fighting off disaster and making it through the nine or 12-month lease.
You've probably heard this before, but communication is key.
My first roommate and I did not appropriately oblige — and things went south quickly.
Sharing an apartment, for each of us, wasn't going well, and we didn't know the right way to go about telling the other person when they or their actions were driving us up the wall. Problems grew. We'd silently race past one another in passing on our way to our separate bedrooms.
Occasionally, we'd exchange text messages, passive aggressively attacking the other's flaws. We weren't making progress, just pissing each other off.
Eventually, our communication problems reached a point of total silence. We did not talk with one another, text one another, or engage in any way for the final three months of our nine-month lease. Only shortly after we vacated our apartment did we exchange texts, discussing where to send the other's share of the security deposit.
Start talking to your roommate before it's too late — and do it face-to-face.
You don't have to be best friends with your roommate, but create a regular platform to interact with one another at least once a week. Make them coffee. Sit and chat for 10 minutes. Occasionally go to dinner. Create a platform to say you're uncomfortable.
Don't grow silent.
Quit looking at the pile of dishes and telling yourself, "It's fine."
It's not fine.
Confrontations aren't easy, but they build progress.
Establish guidelines
Time is ticking before you and your roommate have your first argument. Few roommates can go an entire lease without bickering at least once. That doesn't mean you can't prevent a few of the scuffles.
Be proactive, not reactive.
What's the policy for someone spending the night? Don't just assume they'll be cool with it.
Discuss some guidelines in advance. Remember, it's every bit as much their apartment/dorm as it is yours.
Accept lifestyles
Some people are into waking up at the crack of dawn while others might only wake up 10 minutes before an 11 a.m. class starts. Your roommate's conscious habit of waking up at 6 a.m. is probably going to wake you up more mornings than you'd prefer.
I've had a roommate who would set an hour's worth of different alarms — all playing obscenely loud rock music — and snooze every single one before actually waking up. This lifestyle — albeit an awful one — is a common one that you can't just rid people of.
Don't expect someone to change their habits just to please you. It more than likely won't happen.
Do the damn dishes
With homework, essays, exams and midterms, college is going to be stressful. Don't let something lame like piles of dishes keep you or your roommate up at night.
Seriously, just do the damn dishes.
Your roommate will see you at your most sleep-deprived and crankiest moments. You're bound to annoy them. At some point down the line, you won't see them as an enemy, but as your starving, stressed out counterpart. And even if that doesn't happen, in the end, these disagreements will fade into the background and you'll learn life lessons in compromising, responsibility, and friendship.
Evan Pflugradt is the former Sports Editor of The Sunflower.
Pflugradt past served as the publication's Editor in Chief, Opinion Editor and a reporter....


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I recently came across a card I made in the past that used the Embedded Embossing Technique. It made me realize that it's been a while since I've showcased that technique. Here it is on a card made for the Pals Paper Arts Sketch Challenge.
Stamp Set – By the Tide, Crazy About You
Cardstock – Bermuda Bay, Daffodil Delight, Pool Party, Whisper White, Cherry on Top DSP
Ink – Bermuda Bay
Accessories – 3/4″ and 1″ Circle Punches, Word Window Punch, Decorative Dots Embossing Folder, Big Shot, Bermuda Bay 1/8″ Stitched Ribbon, Glue Stick, Snail Adhesive, Stampin Dimensionals
Tip for Embedded Embossing Technique: The punched circles were adhered to the Daffodil Delight Cardstock with glue stick adhesive before embossing it with the Big Shot.
Time is running out to place your order for any items you want from the current Stampin' Up! Catalogs. Last day to order is May 31st. With the holiday weekend coming up, May 31st will be here before you know it. It's a great time to stock up on cardstock before the price increase on June 1st when the 2016-2017 Annual Catalog goes live. Shop on-line here and receive a free gift from me.
Thanks for stopping by. Happy Stamping!


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Custom Rubber Molding
Custom rubber molding and extrusion made to your specifications.
Power and Motion Industrial Sales has enjoyed a long standing relationship with the finest custom rubber molding and extrusion maker in the USA. We have represented TSE Industries for over 20 years. TSE specializes in custom rubber molding and extrusion for the OEM market. All TSE machined plastics are made to your own specification using state of the art equipment. The result is a rubber part made to your exact specifications. Send us a drawing and the quantity of parts you need, and we can provide a proposal and recommend the best material for the application. We also represent a custom machined plastic division.
The Engineered Polymers Division
(EPD) has 45 years of experience in custom rubber molding and extrusion of rubber parts and products. We offer injection rubber molding, compression rubber molding, transfer rubber modling, rubber extrusions as well as cast urethane parts. We're an ISO 9001 certified facility in Clearwater, Florida.
We have the staff, molding and extrusion equipment, and the expertise to produce your rubber parts, from one to millions. Enjoy the benefits of our in-house rubber lab as well as our 3D printer, offering you rapid prototypes of custom rubber parts in days.
We employ Lean Manufacturing and other cutting edge methods to ensure that your custom rubber parts are of the highest quality, are made on time, and meet your specifications the first time.
We custom mold and extrude rubber parts utilizing a wide array of rubber, including Natural Rubber, Butyl, EPDM, FKM, Fluorosilicone, HNBR, Neoprene, Nitrile, Polybutadiene, Polyurethane, SBR and Silicone. The variety of custom molded and extruded rubber and urethane products we manufacture is virtually unlimited. We custom mold rubber wheels, rubber belts, rubber valves and virtually any other compression, injected, transfer or extruded rubber product you can imagine.
Count on TSE for all of your injection, compression, transfer and extruded rubber needs!
Products Include:
- ATM Replacement Parts
- Cast Urethane Parts
- Rubber Rollers
- Rubber Conveyor Grippers
- Rubber Extrusions
- Covered bearings
- Rubber suction cups
- Rubber diaphragms
- Light seals
- Foot pads
- Endless rubber belts
- Drive, idler, crush, picker wheels
- Vibration dampening
- Airport baggage bumpers
TSE is represented by Power and Motion Industrial Sales in GA and AL, and TN. Please contact us for your machined plastic parts. 770-529-0418


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ROOTS 102 features over 75 years of the BEST BLUES ever recorded!
"The Gospel Blues Hour" broadcasts every Sunday morning at 8 am EDT on BOTH STATIONS - ROOTS 102 & CROSS 104 with several more replays throughout each week.
Our goal is to Keep The Blues Alive by showcasing amazing new and upcoming talent FROM AROUND THE WORLD! Blues is the ROOTS of all modern music, which is why we named our station Roots 102.
Are you a Blues Artist? SEND US YOUR CD FOR CONSIDERATION! (BillandKatRadio, 3055 Sovereign Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45251 USA) We are known for our support of new artists and are proud to showcase amazing new talent. Click Contact Us and tell us about yourself, or FIND US on Facebook, Twitter, and Google+. All of our stations broadcast from our web site and TuneIn, so your fans can easily access your music.
Check out our Featured Artists page to learn more about these fantastic bands and purchase their CDs today!
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Terri Sjodin is the principal and founder of Sjodin Communications.She is one of America's most highly sought after female speakers and has trained and motivated thousands of people from all over the world. Her unique specialization is advancing the persuasive presentation skills of professionals. She is the author of the national bestselling book, Small Message, Big Impact: How to Put the Power of the Elevator Speech Effect to Work for You, which hit the New York Times' Hardcover Advice & Misc. bestseller list, Wall Street Journal Hardcover Business bestseller list, and USA Today Money bestseller list.
She is also the author of the highly acclaimed books, NEW SALES SPEAK - The 9 Biggest Sales Presentation Mistakes and How To Avoid Them published by John Wiley & Sons, New York and co-author of Mentoring - A Success Guide for Mentors and Protégés, co-written with Floyd Wickman, and published by McGraw-Hill.
Over 20 years ago, Terri went into business for herself, building Sjodin Communications in Orange County, CA from a spare room in her home. Today, Terri's clients include an impressive list of Fortune 500 companies, industry associations, and academic conferences. Her consulting practice has taken her from her house, to the US House of Representatives, where she has served as a keynote speaker for the US House of Representatives GOP Retreat addressing approximately 235 Congressmen and Women. This has led to additional invitations to present and coach leadership on The Hill including the House Republican Press Secretary Conference, the prestigious Heritage Foundation Resource Bank event, and encore performances at the House GOP Retreat in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011.
In June of 2007, Terri was named one of the top five Women in Business by the Orange County Business Journal at the distinguished WIB awards. This award is presented in recognition of exceptional professional accomplishments, including business success, contributions to industry, and the OrangeCounty community.Beyond her success as an entrepreneur and author, Terri is a frequent guest on radio and television talk shows throughout the country appearing on CNN, CNBC, and many major network affiliates from ABC, CBS, and NBC, FOX, cable and radio.In August of 1999, Terri received the prestigious CSP (Certified Speaking Professional) designation. Less than 7% of the 5,000 speakers who belong to the International Federation for Professional Speakers hold this professional designation.Terri serves on the Orange County Board of Trustees for Olive Crest. Olive Crest is dedicated to preventing child abuse, to treating and educating at-risk children and to preserving the family one life at a time.Terri graduated from San DiegoStateUniversity with a Bachelors of Arts Degree in Speech Communication. Before forming her own company, Terri was a top sales producer with both The Achievement Group and Resource Dynamics.Her combination of academic communication theory, field research, and practical street sales experience collected during thousands of coast-to-coast business presentations cast Terri in the leading role of advising today's professionals on becoming more polished, persuasive presenters and adapting to the changing marketplace.Terri is a "high content" speaker - Her approach is fresh, real-world, and her style is sassy and practical. Each presentation is loaded with street-worthy ideas, methods, and tips that men and women can use immediately to get results. Many consider Terri to be today's sales professionals'speech coach.
You clearly validated our decision to select you for this event. We are looking forward to also working with you for follow-up training sessions with some of our selected salespeople. We believe that you can help our near-great salespeople move to the next level.
Your presentation received rave reviews from everyone that attended, and drew comments such as "inspiring", "engaging", and "stimulating". Your material encompassed many important aspects that both Mentor and Mentee can benefit from in both their professional and personal lives.
I see a lot of need for the delivery of this message in the era of mega-mergers! Most importantly, I appreciate the way that you were so flexible and easy to work with. Thank you again for making our program a huge success!
your presentation was outstanding! You had the absolute attention of 160 people (loan representatives) notorious for being difficult to keep in meetings. The difference being, you offered a fast paced menu of "meat and potatoes" we all needed to hear. Keep it rolling, you've got a message the business world really needs.


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This is a non patch version of the original "Woolly Pully" This heavy wool, rib knit crew neck sweater is hardwearing and functional. Durable and hardwearing, this classic crew neck sweater retains its appearance and shape wash after wash. The "Woolly Pully" sweater was originally developed during World War II for use by the S.A.S. and Bomber Command. We have manufactured the ""Woolly Pully"" for over 50 years to the exacting standards of the British M.O.D specification UK/SC/3712.


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Tuesday, June 6, 2017
Sipping my morning coffee here. Oh, yes, coffee. I'm sure it's been said "Coffee is proof God loves us and wants us to be happy." If it hasn't...you heard it here first. Or maybe it was beer that saying was meant for...either way, you've got to cherish even the littlest of happinesses.
Truly speaking though, most of our adult lives we will daydream about trying to the find little happinesses. "One day, when I retire I'll..." or "If only I can finish this project at work I can..." or if you're like me "Once the kids get to school I can finally start and finish all my chores and errands" (That never happens) If we could devote our entire time and days to conquering our pursuit to happiness I think we would. But the truth about being a grown up is we rarely have time for ourselves. I'm reminded of when my youngest daughter huffs in her reluctance to do a task I asked of her "I can't wait till I'm a grown up so I can do whatever I want." Oh, bless. You've got to love that youthful ignorance. The many obligations that we HAVE to do to maintain the life of being a responsible adult will always trump that things we WANT to do. We all know this. We feel it daily. And we could feel despair in the thought that our dreams will need to be put off tomorrow.
In my own realization of this in the last few years I have inventoried my own happiness. I began to think to myself and ask myself questions. When I was oh-so-much younger what did I think I was going to be or do? What sorts of cool things did I think being an adult would be like? Nothing I was doing was matching up to the dreamer I once was. Even worse, I had been so out of touch with who I really am that I couldn't even picture my future in my mind. It had to turned from playful thought to a serious life question. What did I want from life? I never wanted much. I didn't want cheap thrills, to jump out of a plane, or even walk on tight rope across the Grand Canyon (No way! I'm not crazy). But, surely, life needs color and captivating experiences. Living a happy life should challenge you. It should relax you at times. It should even push you to new limits. Bucket lists should be crossed off while your younger not right before death.
As the story goes on...things changed for me gradually. I moved to the city. Something I always had dreamed of as a girl. It is every bit of perfect that I thought it would be. I was a single mother and of course that had it's struggles but I'll never forget what my eldest daughter said to me that told me I had made the right decision for our family "Mom, I see you're so much happier here than I remember you ever being." (Hello! Why didn't I do this sooner?!) Soon I opened my own photography studio and retired from the wedding industry after 12 years. Don't get me wrong here -- I loved wedding photography -- the people (my clients and guests) -- just not the fact that I never had an available weekend for my family. Transitioned my business to another venture. I begun painting again. I found a church that aligned with my innate beliefs. I begun photographing my happinesses again (my 3 kids and Kevin, the love of my life) because my passion for photography wasn't as much of a manufactured job anymore but a joy. I saw Billy Joel and Guns N' Roses in concert! I saw China, Japan, Singapore, Seattle, Pittsburg, Florida, Italy, Mexico, Aruba, and so many other places. I listen to books that I've always wanted to read but thought I never had the time to sit and actually read. And naturally, like any adult woman would do, I bought myself some Jimmy Choos and Loubountins. How else I'm I suppose to do all this "adult-ing"? Kev and I even got engaged and are getting married next year. The list is truly endless. And all along the way the I was challenging myself and by me being more of who I know I am.
Whatever it took to do "..whatever I want" I just did. Because now I realize the only one holding me back...well, was me. There will always be the mundane things about the day to day but I've learned to pair it with all my dreams and the cool things I HAVE to do! Checking things off your Dreams List should be something you HAVE to do just as well as things as you don't want to do but got to do.
So, make that list of dreams. Start doing them. If you're scared, start with the tiniest little things. I promise you'll find your happiness!
Photo Credit | Deven Coon-Donohue
Posted by Christa Elyce O'Hara at 7:06 PM
Labels: Life
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The troubles of the African continent raised by the Togolese former Prime Minister, Edem Kodjo thirty (30) years ago in the book « Africa Tomorrow« , are still topical. It is partially the reason that urged the author to republish the work at the Nei-Ceda Editions. In press conference on Monday, 30th …Voir Plus »
Home / Tag Archives: African liturature


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|Dinosaur Block Crush
We're working on another dinosaur themed game at Dinofun.com called Dinosaur Block Crush. You try to match from 3 to 7 blocks. If you match 3 or 4 blocks you get 30 and 40 points. If you match 5, a boulder drops down and destroys an entire column. Match 6 and for 5 seconds you can click away on the blocks to make them disappear'.. Match 7 and the Pterodactyl flys across the screen wiping out an entire row. Thinking of ideas like floating prizes to get to increase points or slow the blocks down. Hope to have this game releashed by the end of the year.


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Google Acquired VirusTotal Online Malware Multi Scanner
Google had bought and acquired VirusTotal, an online virus-scanning service. VirusTotal is a free service that provides computer virus and malicious software detection in files and websites. VirusTotal is based in Spain and has only a handful of employees, that performs the free virus detection service by pooling data from scores of various antivirus engines, file and URL analysis tools, and website scanners.
Users just need to head on the Virustotal site and access the online tool by either submitting a website of selecting a file from their desktops. The online tool will take care of the rest and will show various detection statistics. Maximum file size that VirusTotal supports is currently 32MB.
With the merging of VirusTotal and Google, it seems that the online virus-scanning service site will increase the quality and power of their malware research tools, making it faster and better, as Google's infrastructures will ensure the VirusTotal tools are always ready when you need them.
In a recent post and update by VirusTotal, they said that their goal is simple: to help people keep safe on the web, and they are delighted that Google, a longtime partner, has acquired them.
VirusTotal was launched on June 2004, and was selected by PCWorld Magazine as one of the best 100 products of 2007. It currently uses up to 44 different antivirus products and scan engines to check for viruses that the user's own antivirus solution installed on their machine may have missed, or to verify false positives. The online tool can also be used to scan suspect URLs and search through the VirusTotal dataset in case it's been flagged as a malicious site.
VirusTotal will be continuing to operate independently, keeping and maintaining their partnerships with other antivirus companies and security experts. Together with Google, they are looking forward in fighting virus and malwares.
So, now that Google bought VirusTotal, will Google venture out on virus and malware detection in the future? Let me here your thoughts about Google acquired VirusTotal, online malware multi scanner on the comment section below.


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The head of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Farm Service Agency is in Alaska for a first visit to see for herself the challenges for farming and ranching in the state. Teresa Lasseter joined Senator Ted Stevens and state USDA officials today to discuss new funding for Alaska through the Geographically Disadvantaged Farmer and Rancher provision of the farm bill. Lasseter says even though weather prevented a trip to Shismaref, a tour of the grocery store in Nome helped her understand what rural Alaskans are up against.
Lori Townsend, APRN & Jennifer Canfield, KNBA – Anchorage


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Two-time FIA World Rallycross Champion Petter Solberg was already aware that he would have a tough fight on his hands to try and retain his title however the World RX of Norway proved that he will have to fight even harder.
"I love to come home, the fans here are some of the best in the world and it's fantastic to fight in front of them. But, I must admit, I always struggled with this track. This has been by far the toughest weekend I have had in this championship," said Solberg. "We tried everything we could without risking too much, but we couldn't find one answer to where the speed was going. We knew where we had to be and where we were losing the time, but not exactly why. So frustrating!"
The former WRC driver showed excellent pace after upgrades were introduced to his Citroen DS3 at Lydden Hill, however Solberg suffered on home ground as his fellow countryman Andreas Bakkerud dominated the event in his Ford Focus RS RX. Solberg finished Q1 in fourth place overall and then fell to fifth place overall after Q2. In Q3, the Norwegian stayed in fifth place before going quick enough to finish in second place overall in Q4 and getting a place in the Semi-Finals. After taking an early joker on the first lap of his Semi-Final race, Solberg managed his pace to finish in third place, confirming him a place in the Final where from the back of the grid, he worked his way forward to finish in fourth place behind title rival Mattias Ekstrom.
"The important thing was to make the final, which we did. But coming from the back like that it's always really tough, you're relying a little bit on what the guys ahead are doing. The positive for me is that we have worked really, really hard, we have dug deep as a team here and made a result possible. [Mattias] Ekström was just ahead of me in the final, so together we are pulling away from the rest of the guys – that's good, but I still want to be first!"
Solberg is now looking forward to the World RX of Sweden in two weeks time.
"Now we look forward to the next one, which is another huge event for me and for the team – it's the PSRX team's home event in Sweden."


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Dirty girl gives herself an enema with a coke bottle and farts it out with bits of shit coming out, she licks the dirty shitty floor. She also plays with a glass butt plug.
Year: 2019
Scat Genre: Shit, Scat, Vomit, Femdom, Lesbian, Solo
Time Video: 00:13:54
Quality: HD
Format: MPEG-4
Size: 203 MB


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[STARCAST] "How's your doing?"... Jang Keun Suk's feverish Shanghai attack
So we've been wondering.
I'm doing fine.
Trying my best.
It has been quite a long time. It has already been 2 years. The question from so-called 'eel' never stopped. There were a lot of requests to find Jang Keun Suk.
However, it was difficult to meet him in Korea. There was a report that he appears in Hanyang University often. Actually, he is working as a 'sharing professor' in the school he graduated.
As I see that finger heart,
Jang Keun Suk
The person for this week's secret SNS is Jang Keun Suk. He is having Asia tour in these days. I've got the photo of that site. And reporting that he's alive on behalf of him.
Here is Shanghai, China. Jang Keun Suk arrived in Shanghai on October 23. His daily life just a day before his concert? Tea time enjoyed with staff.
He got the best point. There is a landmark of Shanhai, Oriental Pearl Tower! It makes people to take a photo. The thing need now is?
Maybe people knew that there's Jang Keun Suk. Chinese 'eel' gathered all. They covered around the cafe when Jang Keun Suk was busy at taking photos.
If we talk about Jang Keun Suk, it's fan serive, and if we talk about fan service, it's Jang Keun Suk. He waves his hand to 'eel' and gives heart also. Here's a photo taken with the fans in addition.
It is the next day. The day to have Shanghai concert which is October 24th. He is meeting Chinese fans after a year. Jang Keun Suk and fans' heart must be pounding, right?
Is that so? The Shanghai International Gymnastic Center is overcrowded from its morning. What about Jang Keun Suk while fans are gathering?
It was best ever concert. Jang Keun Suk opened the concert with 'Take Care, My Bus!'. Then he presented his songs continuously.
The concert was bit more special. Because he presented Korean songs that he did not sing in overseas' concert. Therefore the fans went wilder.
"I was happy to make precious memory with eel. You are the source of my power. Thank you always, and love you."
Oh, there is one more thing to tell eels. He will be back with a good work soon. What would be? A movie or drama?
Article = Seo Bo Hyun (Dispatch)
Photo = Tree J Company
and use it without permission of the copyright
may be liable according to Relevant laws and regulations.


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A New Chinese Giant Energy Company: The Merger between Shenhua and Guodian At the end of August 2017, China's government ended months of speculation by approving the merger between two large state-owned energy companies: the Shenhua Group and the China Guodian Corporation. Shenhua is a major coal-mining company that … Continue Reading ››
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Golden hue, complex nose of floral and mineral notes with a gentle, lightly toasted element. Hints of vanilla and butter for a long, smooth finish.
We would love to be able to ship to consumers throughout the world. However, due to regulatory issues we are only able to ship within the contiguous US to all states except the following: AL, AR, DE, KY, MS, NH, RI, UT, VA.


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Intertech's expert consultants can help you leverage NHibernate in your application development including helping you:
Intertech impresses me as a company. I would recommend the individuals I have worked with and indeed the company as a whole because one can tell the results we have gotten are a combination of the company's culture and the individuals capabilities.
Brian B