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PennDOT has announced the following road projects, which are weather-dependent and could affect residents in the greater Chadds Ford area during the week of Oct. 20 to Oct. 26. Motorists are urged to allow extra time if they are traveling through one of the construction zones. Work schedules are subject to change. • PECO Energy is planning weekday lane restrictions ...
Archive for October 19th, 2018
Roadwork for Oct. 20 to Oct. 26
Posted by ChaddsFordLive on October 19th, 2018
Boost Your Business: Details are the substance
Posted by Maria Novak Dugan on October 19th, 2018
Details aren't what you focus on after you've figured out everything else. The details are everything else. They ultimately determine if your plan works or not. The details are the difference between executing a failed strategy or delivering impressive results. So, it's a bad idea to make the details an afterthought. The tiniest of details can make a big difference ...


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This family-run expedition cruise company has specialized in small-ship cruises to the Galapagos Islands for more than 30 years and owns a fleet of three vessels — two 20-passenger motor yachts, two are more high-end than the third, and one 16-passenger dive live-aboard boat for advanced divers. All are custom-built in Ecuador for Galapagos cruising. Ecoventura is focused on quality, small-group travel with a guarantee of no more than 10 travelers per guide.
The conservation-minded company prides itself on its commitment to sustainable tourism, from reducing carbon emissions — for instance, by installing 40 solar panels and 2 wind generators on its ERIC yacht — to partnering with conservation organizations like the World Wildlife Fund and Ecology Project International to fund marine conservation education programs for local children and teens.
Back in 2000, Ecoventura was the first company to earn and maintain the Smart Voyager volunteer ecological certification that's based on a set of strict conservation standards created by scientists and other experts that spurred other lines to do the same. More recently they earned another conservation verification set by the Rainforest Alliance for travel companies who meet a laundry list of comprehensive benchmarks for conserving natural resources, protecting wildlife and helping local communities thrive. You're in safe green hands when you travel with Ecoventura.
Ship, Year Delivered & Passengers
LETTY (b 1994; 20 p); ORIGIN (b 2016; 16 p); THEORY (b 2019; 20 p). The last ship's name comes from Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution and ORIGIN from his Origin of Species.
Passenger Profile
About 70% hail from North America, and the rest mostly from the UK, Australia/New Zealand and Europe (on SKY it's a more even mix between North Americans and Europeans). About 40% are families with the kids and another 40% are active seniors 60+. Families with children 12+ are welcome at any time throughout the year, while for younger kids, there are special family-oriented departures during school breaks for ages 5 through 11 (younger kids are allowed if the family is charting the entire vessel). Every year there are a handful of special cruises geared to families with teens and a few others for families with college-age offspring.
Passenger Decks
4 and no elevators
Included Features
Meals and non-alcoholic drinks, plus house wine and local beer at dinner (the higher-end ORIGIN and THEORY have an open bar 24/7), plus all guided shore excursions, use of snorkeling gear, kayaks, wet suits (coveted June to November when water temps are between 65 and 72 degrees), and transfers from the airport to the docks. While gratuities are optional, the suggested amount is a hefty $250-300 per person for the week for LETTY, ORIGIN, and tTHEORY.
LETTY & ORIGIN and THEORY alternate between two different 7-night Galapagos itineraries round-trip from San Cristobal and departing every Sunday, making it ideal for those who wish to combine them for a two-week trip. (The Galapagos National Park requires lines to alternative routes in an effort to lessen over-use of the most popular islands).
Southern/Central route visits multiple points on the islands of San Cristobal, Espanola, Floreana, Santa Cruz, Bartolome, South Plaza and North Seymour.
Northern/Western route calls on multiple points on the islands of Genovesa, Santa Cruz, Fernandina, Isabela and Santiago.
The LETTY has 10 outside cabins across three decks, measuring a compact 100 square feet or so. The décor has a nautical flair with polished teak wood and brass fittings; the rooms have two twins or one double bed, with two cabins accommodating three people. The Iguana Deck cabins, on the lowest level, have very small "port light" windows, while the cabins on the upper two decks have larger windows.
ORIGIN's and THEORY's 10 roomy double cabins have a modern, light décor and a much more upscale feel than the cabins on LETTY; they measure 140 square feet and are all located on one deck and have large windows. Twin beds can be converted to kings and there are two rooms with interconnecting doors and two with a third pull-down bunk-style birth. The cabins have Apple TV with pre-loaded movies, universal docking station and an Espresso and tea kettle set-up.
Public Rooms & Dining
The boats has an indoor lounge for island briefings by the two onboard naturalists and for hanging out and mingling with your shipmates. There's also a bar, a mini boutique for logo items, a small library, and outdoor deck space for lounging and scenery gazing. Aboard the ORIGIN and THEORY, the open decks have bed-sized chaise lounges and a pair of hammocks, and there's a hot tub at the stern of the cabin deck. ORIGIN and THEORY also have a small gym — a big WOW on ships of this size.
All have an indoor dining salon with buffet-style breakfast and lunch, and served dinners at tables for four on LETTY and aboard ORIGIN and THEORY, tables from 2 to 10). The ORIGIN and THEORY also have an outdoor grill and adjacent seating for lunch; occasionally lunches aboard LETTY are also served out on deck. At dinner, you get a choice of two appetizers (such as mushroom risotto with goat cheese or a seafood and potato leek soup) and two entrees (from beef loin to crab encrusted wahoo fish over sautéed spinach), followed by a dessert the likes of cheesecake or bananas foster. There are always vegetarian options as well.
Activities & Entertainment
Like on all Galapagos cruises, the main show is the wildlife and scenery of the destination itself, and it's entertaining to chat about it all with your fellow passengers, naturalists and crew. Each day, you'll be exploring on land on guided hikes and also in the water via tenders and zodiac boats (2 are carried on board each vessel), flipping over the side to snorkel and swim. On all but the SKY dive boat, there are a handful of kayaks on board for passengers to take turns using where possible. If you're feeling cold in the water (those hailing from warm climates may find the water chilly), there are complimentary wet suits to borrow. One naturalist per 8 passengers accompanies on all outings.
Underwater exploring may wow you with sightings of schooling hammerheads, giant whale sharks, bottlenose dolphins, octopus, rays of all shapes and colors, turtles, Galapagos fur seals and much more, i.e. considered some of the best sites in the world.
Along the Same Lines
Closest are Kleintours, International Nature & Cultural Adventures (INCA), Andando Cruises, Quasar, and Ocean Adventures (recently bought by Celebrity Cruises).
Ecoventura, 5805 Blue Lagoon Drive, Suite 160, Miami, Florida 33126; 800-633-7972 USA & Canada; 305-262-6264 rest of the world, www.ecoventura.com. For LETTY, ORIGIN & THEORY, the US-based sale agent is Galapagos Network (part of Ecoventura).
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Primary care scholars focus is to empower individuals to make informed health decisions. Through identification, collection, and distribution of available community resources, Primary Care Scholars hope to equip patients and healthcare providers with knowledge that may inform choice and impact health.
This page lists selected resources for Orange County from the full list of Community Resources for Underserved Patients.
Browse Orange County Community Resources by Topic:
Supported by a Federal Traineeship Grant to prepare for the role of Family or Adult/Gero Primary Care Nurse Practitioner and the UCF College of Nursing.
Catholic Charities of Central Florida, Diocese of Orlando - Orange County
Children's Home Society of Florida - Orange County
Children's Home Society of Florida - Orange County
Forever Families Adoption Services - Orange County
Pregnancy Support Centers, Sponsored by the Greater Orlando Baptist Association (GOBA)
Anger Management
Advance Crisis Management: John B. Boswell Counselor, MS, LMHC
Birth Control
Orange County Health Department
Planned Parenthood - Orange County
Healthy Start Coalition of Orange County
Orange County Health Department
Winter Park Memorial Hospital, Baby Place Academy
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Children's Home Society of Florida - Greater Orlando Area (Central Florida)
Planned Parenthood - Orange County
Self Pay Mammograms
Libby's Legacy Breast Cancer Foundation
Smoking Cessation
American Lung Association in Florida-Central Area
Central Florida AHEC (Area Health Education Centers)
Florida Quitline - Tobacco Free Florida
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text:
Summer finally arrived, the transport system (as always) went into meltdown, everyone complained that it was too hot and the sun went away again. It might come back, but it might not – who really knows with the British weather?
Come rain or shine, though, the property industry ploughs on regardless. Later in this blog I have an exclusive Q & A interview with Shameem Golamy, Managing Director of Properstar.
Firstly, though, I need to give a shout out to Dataloft – the innovative property market analysis company that I mentioned in a previous Natter – for winning the "Newcomer – Best #PropTech 2016" award from Estate Agent UK Networking.
Their very cool "Inform" product, an affordable and revolutionary online subscription tool that aims to give businesses a head start over their rivals, is explained very well on their website.
Also need to give a shout out to, ahem, ourselves, as ValPal took the prize for The Most Innovative Product/Service 2016. Hurrah for us!
Speaking of ValPal, our operation has really expanded in the last few weeks with the addition of around ten new staff.
I might have mentioned it before, but it's the best tool around to capture the details of landlords and vendors visiting your site, in turn upping your property stock levels each and every month. Check out the website for more info.
Now for the interview with Sham. First, a bit of background. Properstar launched in the UK in March this year, although the brand's parent company in Switzerland has been operating since 2010. Sham used to work for Rightmove's international team and was a property investor in the Noughties, but has now branched out into co-founding his own portal.
What is Properstar?
Properstar helps UK estate agents cross the chasm from local to global in respect of advertising their properties. Using the technology built by our parent company, ListGlobally, we are able to send UK listings, correctly translated, to around 80 (soon to be 120+) property portals around the globe.
The UK has always been appealing to the overseas buyer/investor because of cultural and economic factors; and whilst the current exchange rate has provided the trigger for some to take action now, UK bricks and mortar will always continue to be seen as a safe bet for the overseas buyer. Vendors, certainly the high end ones, now desire their home should be marketed to the foreign buyer as well as the UK ones.
How do you connect with so many portals?
We have a super experienced team in ListGlobally's Swiss and Russian offices who take care of getting the listings sent around the world. It has taken years to perfect the art of integrating with a foreign portal so that the listings get displayed in a way that makes sense to the local buyer.
In the UK we search by bedrooms but everywhere else the square footage is the most important search criteria. Each portal is different so we take the time to make sure we understand the local market. Often someone in our team will visit the country to meet the portals and to get first-hand experience of buyer buyers behaviour on and offline.
What challenges do you face with language or how properties need to be presented in different cultures?
In Arabic they read right to left and in Russia the alphabet takes letters from the Cyrillic script which means you won't find any of the letters on your keyboard! The product which makes everything possible is our in-house translation engine that has been developed to recognise property concepts.
For instance, if your listing talks about having planning permission for a swimming pool, our engine can recognise the concept of 'planning permission' allowing a true property translation to be created. Many of the agents we work with are already well versed in dealing with international buyers and they create their listings with the foreign buyer in mind, often highlighting local international schools or other important factors when moving abroad.
How big is the audience and how do you plan to grow it?
Right now there are over 50 million monthly visits to our global network. In the portal industry we talk a lot about the 'virtuous circle' which means the more properties we advertise, the more viewers we get. And the more viewers we get, the more agents are interested to advertise their properties.
We are certainly seeing improved levels of engagement on the network for UK property since launching Properstar and we are excited to see how that grows in the future. We have also been working extremely hard on our global SEO strategy so that when you visit a foreign search engine, be it Yandex in Russia or Baidu in China, and browse for 'property to buy in London/Birmingham/Manchester etc' you will be presented with a number of options to search on including portals we feed, power or own outright.
Why should a global reach be important to estate agents?
From a technical standpoint, sending over your existing property feed for us to process and publish around the world couldn't be easier. A lot of agents feel there is an unexplored opportunity with international buyers but till now it has been expensive and time consuming to make happen. In the wake of Brexit, vendors want reassurance that their agents can reach the international market.
Interesting and insightful answers there. Thanks, Sham.
Once again, a company showing that innovation, technology and the germ of a good idea can bring with it great rewards.
Until next time...
*Nat Daniels is the Chief Executive Officer of Angels Media, publishers of Estate Agent Today and Letting Agent Today


text: Endangered Professions: 25 Declining JobsThe 25 industries that will shed the most jobs in the next decade.Author:Seth FiegermanPublish date:Dec 28, 2009 7:00 AM ESTOut of LuckThe economy may be growing again, but some industries will only continue to erode in the next decade due to changes in technologyand demand, and in some cases, more foreign competition. The U.S. Bureau of Labor (BLS) recently released their predictions for how the work force will look in 2018. Here are the industries that are expected to eliminate the most positions from now through 2018. In some cases, this cut represents just a small percentage of the total number of jobs available in that industry. However, many of the industries on this list are cutting anywhere from a quarter to a third of all available positions. So if you see your job on this list, perhaps it may be time for a career change. However, if any of these jobs do interest you despite their bad outlook, one thing to keep in mind is that none of them require any advanced degrees, just varying amounts of on-the-job training. Photo Credit: slushpup1 / 26


text:
Eng.Rep. 1104 (1602).
WHERE time is not material to the Defense, and the matter of Complaint and Defense, from the nature of the case, must have occurred at one and the same time, the defendant in pleading must follow the day laid iii the Declaration.
Cf. International & 0. N. B. Co. v. Pape, 73 Tex. 501,
11 SW. 526 (1889); Holmes v. Newlands, 3 Perry
& D. 128; MaIne: Wellington v. Milliken, 82 Me.
As to the statement or time under Code Pleading, see Backns v. clark, I Kan. 303, 83 Am.Dec. 437 (1863). The rule still applies, and Time, when material, must be strictly laid and proved.
Ch. S
his Defense on a different day from that mentioned in the Declaration. The rule applies, however, only when time is immaterial, and therefore, if the Defense is such as to render it necessary that the true time be stated in the Plea, the Law allows the defendant to vary from the time mentioned in the Declaration. In all such cases the formal objection arising from the apparent discrepancy in time between the Declaration and the Plea yields to the more important principle that each party must be permitted to frame his Allegations according to the exigencies of his case. The principle is the same as laying the true Venue by the defendant in Transitory Actions when the nature of his defense requires it.
Again, the defendant is never required to follow the thy named in the Declaration in pleading Matter of Discharge, whether it be material or not, since all Matter of Discharge must, from its nature, have occurred subsequently to the creation of the duty or liability upon which the action is founded. It is therefore clear that in such case the defendant must state the Defense as having occurred after the wrong was done or the contract made; more especially if such Discharge was by Matter of Record, or by a written instrument, since the time must then be laid to conform to the date of such Record or Instrument.
35. When there is occasion to allege a conS tinuous act in pleading, the time of its duration should be shown,
THIS rule applies generally where there is only one Count in the Declaration, and the subject matter of the suit consists of a continuing act by the defendant, covering many days. Here the act or acts should be alleged to have been committed on a given day and "on divers other days and times" between that and another day or the time of the commencement of the suit, and the plain-
Sec. 36
676; Monkton v. Pashley, 2 Salk. 638,
Rep. 539; Earl of Manchester v. Vale,
24, n. 1, 85 Eng.Rep. 25.
what nature the fish were, pikes, tenches, breams, etc.; " and, secondly, that "the certain number of them did not appear." And the objection was allowed by the whole court.35 So, where, in an Action of Trespass, the Declaration charged the taking of cattle, the Declaration was held to be bad because it did not show of what species the cattle were5° So, in an Action of Trespass, where the plaintiff declared for taking goods generally, without specifying the particulars, a Verdict being found for the plaintiff, the court Arrested the Judgment for the uncertainty of the Declaration.57 So, in a modern case, where, in an Action of Replevin, the plaintiff declared that the defendant, "in a certain dwelling house, took divers goods and chattels of the plaintiff," without stating what' the goods were, the Court Arrested the udgment for the uncertainty of the Declaration, after judgment by Default and a Writ of Inquiry executed.38 So, in aix Action of Dower, where blanks were left in the Count for the number of acres claimed, the Judgment was Reversed after Verdict.3° So, in Ejectment, the plaintiff declared for five closes of land, arabIc and pasture, called "Long Furlongs," containing ten acres. Upon "Not Guilty" pleaded, the plaintiff had a Verdict, and it was moved in Arrest of Judgment that the Declaration was ill, because
the quantity and quality of the lands were not distinguished and ascertained, so as to show how many acres of arable there were and how many of pasture. And for this reason the Declaration was held ill, and the Judgment Arrested.°°
1 Saund.
GO. Knight v. Symms, Carth. 204, 90 Eng.Rep. 722.
With respect to value, it is to be observed that it should be specified in reference to the current coin of the realm, thus: "Divers, to wit, three tables of great value, to wit, the value of twenty dollars, of lawful money of the United States." With respect to quantity, it should be specified by the ordinary measures of extent, weight, or capacity, thus: "Divers, to wit, fifty acres of arable land; " "divers, to wit, three bushels of wheat."
each case will conveniently admit of, a general description being allowed where the matter to be described comprehends a multiplicity of particulars, a detailed description of which would either be impracticable or produce great prolixity in the pleadings,64 and minuteness of description being required where a complete identification might be essential to a recovery.65
Rep. 54j; Cryps v. Baynton, 3 Bulst. 31, 81 Eng.
Rep. 26; Shum V. Farrington, 1 Bog. & P. 640, 126
Eng.Rep. 1108 (1797).
And, as to the description of property, in the different aetions, see: Alabama; Haynes v, Crutchñeld, 7 Ala. 189 (1544); New Hampshire: Smith v. Boston, C. & hi. It. It., 36 N.H. 458 (1858); New York:
Hughes v. Smitb, 5 Johns. (N.Y.) 173 (1800).
Bertie v. Pickering, 4 Burr. 2455, 98 Eng.Rep. 287
(1769); Pope v. Tillman, 7 Taunt, 642, 129 Eng.Rep.
256 (1817).
323 (1517). And see, also, Rubery V. StevenS, 4 Barn. & Ado!. 241, 110 Eng.Rep. 448 (1532).
Sec. 37
sue.°7 The test of the certainty required appears in all cases to be the liability of the pleader to the consequences of a Variance when the Proof is reached on the Trial.62 The Allegation of Quality in the subject matter, since it generally requires strict proof, falls directly within the reason of the rule, and must be truly stated.69
TIlTS rule calls for strict accuracy in describing persons whose names are necessarily mentioned in the statement of the Cause of Action or Defense, though they are in no sense concerned in bringing or defending the action; and the reason is that any error in describing such persons may result in a fatal Variance when the Proof is reached, since the correct identification of such persons by name becomes a matter of essential description, material to the merits of the case."
If, in pleading a contract made by James Smith, the name is incorrectly given as John Smith, the strict rule would subject the pleader in fault to the penalty of a variance, though a more liberal practice now generally allows an Amendment where it does not substantially change the cause of action.
67. Rivers v. Griffiths, S Earn. & AId. 630, 106 Eng.
Rep. 1321 (1822).
1026 (1737); Acerro v. Petrone, I Starkie 200, 171 Eng.Rep. 414 (1815); Mayclstone v. Lord Palmorston, hi. & hi. 6, 173 Eng.Rep. 1061 (1826); Pinch v. Cocken, 2 C.M. & B. 197, 150 Eng.Rcp. 85 (1835); Illinois: Becker v. German Mut. Fire Ins. Co. of North Chicago, 68 III. 412 (1873); New Jersey: Elberson
v. Richards, 42 N.J.L. 09 (1880). Cf. Forman v. Jacobs, I Stark-ic, 46. 171 Eng.Rep. 307 (1815).
Some observations may be made here which apply equally whether the name be that of a person not a party to the suit, or that of one who is a party. A person may be described by the name by which he is commonly known, though it is not his true name, and if a man has initials for his Christian name, or is in the habit of using initials therefor, and is known by them, they may be used in describing him.7' In a few states a middle name or initial is recognized by the law as a part of the name, and its omission, or a mistake in stating it, is a misnomer in the case of a party, and a Variance in the case of persons who are not parties, but are necessarily named.'2 In most Jurisdictions, however, the law recognizes but one Christian name, The middle name or initial is no part of the name, and need not be stated, or proved, if stated.'3 Where the name of a person is misspelled, this will not constitute a Variance, nor a Misnomer, if the name as given and the name as proved are idem sonans,51 Whether names are idem sonans or
(1858); Minnesota: Kenyon v. Semen, 43 Minn. ISO,
45 N.W. 10 (1890); Montana: Kemp ,'. McCormick,
I Mont. 420 (1872); Pennsylvania: In re Jones' Estate, 27 Pa. 336 (1856); South Carolina: City Coun
cii of Charleston v. King, 4 MeCord (S.C.) 487 (1828).
72. Commissioner V. Perkins, I Pick. (Mass.) 388
(1823); Commissioner v. Shoarman, 11 Cush. (Mass.)
546 (1853); Parker v. Parker, 146 Mass. 320, 15 N.E.
902 (1888).
Eng,Rep. 1133 (1811); Williams v. Ogle, 2 Str. 889,
93 Eng.Eep. 919; Illinois: Thompson v. Lee, 21 111.
242 (1850); Erslcino v, Davis, 25 111. 251 (1861);
Illetch v. Johnson, 40 111. 116 (1864); New Ha,npshire: Wood v. Fletcher, 3 N.H. 61 (1824); Hart v.
LIndsey, 17 N.H. 235, 43 AmPec. 597 (1845); New'
Jersey: Dilts v. Kinney, 15 N.J.L. 130 (1835); New
York: Franklin v. Talmadge, 5 Johns. (N.Y.) 84
(1809); Roosevelt v. Gardinier, 2 Cow. (N.Y.) 463
(1824); Pennsylvania: Bratton v. Seymour, 4 Watts
(Pa.) 329 (1835); Vermont: Thaacs v. Wiley, 12 Vt.
674 (1839); Allen v. Taylor, 26 Vt. 599 (1854); Tcx~
as: McKay v. Speak, S Ter. 376 (1876); Federal:
Keene v. Ijeade, 3 Pet. 1, 7 L.Ed. 581 (1828).
not depends, of course, on the pronounciation. The worth "junior," "senior," etc., are no part of the name, and need not be stated, nor, if stated, proved.75
38. The plaintiff and defendant must be designated by their proper names, and not by words of mete description; and it must be shown whether they appear in the action in an individual or a representative capacity.
The parties to an action include all persons who are directly interested in the subject matter in issue, who have a right to control the proceedings, to make a Defense, or to Appeal front the Judgment. All others are regarded as strangers to the cause.
—Conviction of Minor Offense, 341 (St. Paul, 1895).
(Conn.) 437 (1796); Illinois: Hendley v. Shnw, 39
Ill. 354 (1866); Massachusetts: Kincaid v. I-lowe,
10 Mass. 203 (1813); Cobb v. Lucas, 15 Pick. (Mass.)
7 (1833); New York: Padgett v. Lawrence, 10
Palge (N.Y.) 170, 40 Am.Dec. 232 (1843); Vermont:
Brainard v. Stilphin, 6 Vt. 9, 27 Ani.Dec. 532 (1834);
Jameson v. Isaacs, 12 Vt. 611 (1829); Clark, 0dm-
that Procedure, it VI, Pleading—The Accusation
(Continued) 235 (St. Paul, 1895).
¶6. IllInois: Brent v. Shook, 36 III. 125 (1864); New
Hampshire: Lebanon V. GrIffin, 45 N.H. 558 (1864);
flanders v. Stewartstown, 47 N.H. 549 (1867); Ohio:
Herft Shulze, 10 OhIo 263 (1840).
however, can now generally be cured by amending the defective pleading. A. liberal construction of the rule allows, as we have seen, the use of the names by which such parties are generally known," though not strictly correct, and though the designation thus habitually used includes the person's initials only.78 Other questions applying both under this head, and also to naming persons not parties, have been noticed above. If a contract or promise sued upon has been made to or by the person by a wrong name, or by an abbreviation of his correct name, an action may be brought by or against him in his true name, setting forth the Incorrect style or description, and stating that the parties are the same.7°
IF a person sues or is sued in a representative capacity, as receiver, executor, trustee, etc., while the representative character in which he appears may be gathered from
(1858); Minnesota: Kenyon v. Semon, 43 Miss. 180,
45 NW. 10 (1890); Montana: Kemp v, Mccormick,
1 Mont 420 (1872); South Carolina: City Council of
Charleston v, King, 4 McCord (3.0.) 487 (1828).
79. City of Lowell v. Morse, I Mete. (Mass.) 473 (1840); President, etc. of Commercial Bank v. French, 21 Pick. (Mass.) 486, 32 Am.Dee. 280 (1839).
flO. English: Mayor & Burgesses of Stafford v. Bet-ton, 1 Bos. & P. 40, 126 Eng.Rep. 766 (1797); Massachusetts: Medway Cotton Manufactory v. Adams, 10 Mass. 360 (1813); New York: Reald v, Lord, 4 Johns (N.Y.) 118 (1809).
Sec. 39
use of the word, "as," since the omission will cause the word to be disregarded as merely descriptive, and the party will be treated as an individual only for the purpose of the particular action.83 To show that he is a party in the special capacity, he must be named "as" executor, etc.
12 N.Y.Snpp. 848 (1890).
1020 (1804); StIllwefl V. Carpenter, 62 N.Y. 639 (1875); and cases hereafter cited.
the justice of the ease requires It, the Court wiU
consider it as merely descriptio personae. George
V. EnglIsh, 30 Ala. 582 (1857); Higgins V. Halligan,
46 Ill. 173 (1867); Grew v. Burdett, 9 Pick. (Mass.)
265 (1880).
84. Bentley y. Smith, 3 Calves (N.Y.) 170 (1805); Brubaker V. Poage, I T.B.Mon. (Ky.) 123 (1824).
victual members where thefr rights are in question inter se; and the only method of description is by the use of the corporate name or title.
Repetition of Names
FOR the same purpose of identification, when the name of either party has been once introduced in the pleadings, a repetition of it shouid be accompanied by such terms of reference as will clearly trace the identity as the same, unless there is no danger of confusion. In any case, it is the better plan, and the common practice is, to use the word "said" or "aforesaid," or, if there be two or more persons or subjects, "first aforesaid" or "last aforesaid," or terms of equivalent import.'5
(1) A person asserting any right to or authority over real or personal property must allege a Title to such property in himself or in some person from whom he derives his authority.
Exception—No Title need be shown where the opposite party is estopped from denying it.
WHEN, in pleading, any right or authority is set up in respect of property, personal or real, some Title to that property must of course be alleged in the party, or in some other person from whom he derives his authority.80 So, if a party be charged with any liability, in respect of property, personal
85. Pollard v. Lock, Cro.Eliz. 267, 75 Eng.Rep. 522 (1Th3). And see Uildrith vi Harvey, cited in Given 'cc Driggs, 3 Calnes (N.Y.) 150 (1805).
88. 5 Comyn's Digest, "Pleader," C. 34, C. 36 (Dublin,
1793); Braeton, Roman Law, 372l~, 373b (London,
Ch. 5
(I) When the action is founded on possession only, and not on Title or Ownership, it is sufficient to allege a Title of Possession only, a naked Allegation of Possession being sufficient. This applies to Personal Actions only.
IT is often sufficient to allege a Title of Possession only. The form of laying a Title of Possession, in respect of goods and chattels, is either to allege that they were the "goods and chattels of the plaintiff," or that he was "lawfully possessed of them as of his own property." With respect to corporeal hereditaments, the form is either to allege that the close, etc., was the "close of" the plaintiff, or that he was "lawfully possessed of a certain close," etc. With respect to incorporeal hereditaments, a Title of Possession is generally laid by alleging that the plaintiff was possessed of the corporeal thing appurtenant to which is the right claimed, and by reason thereof was entitled to the right at the time in question; for example,
that he "was possessed of a certain messuage," etc., "and by reason thereof, during all the time aforesaid, of right ought to have had common of pasture," etc.
A Title of Possession is applicable_that is, will be sufficiently sustained by the proof
—in all cases where the interest is of a present and immediate kind. Thus, when a Title of Possession is alleged with respect to goods and chattels, the statement will be supported by proof of any kind of present interest in them, whether that interest be temporary and special, or absolute, in its nature; as, for example, whether it be that of a carrier or finder, only, or that of an owner and proprietor.'7 So, where a Title in Possession is alleged in respect to corporeal or incorporeal hereditaments, it will be sufficiently maintained by proving any kind of estate in possession, whether fee simple, fee tail, for life, for term of years, or otherwise. On the other hand, with respect to any kind of property, a Title of Possession would not be sustained in evidence by proof of an interest in remainder or reversion only; and therefore, when the interest is of that description, the preceding forms are inapplicable, and Title must be laid in remainder or reversion, according to the fact, and upon the principles that will be afterwards stated, on the subject of alleging Title in its full and precise extent.
1798); Taylor vi Eastwood, 1 East 212, 102 Eng.
Rep. 83 (1801); Grimstead v. Marlowe, 4 T.R. 717,
100 Eng.Rep. 1268 (1792); Creenhow v. Ilsley, Willes
619, 125 Eng.Rep. 1351 (1746); Waring -cc Griftiths,
1 Burr. 440, 97 Eng.Bep. 391 (1758); Langford V.
Webber, 3 Mod. 132, 87 Eng.Rep. 84; Carnaby v.
Sec. 42
1091; Co.Litt. 303b (Philadelphia, 1812).
leged that his ancestor was seized in fee and made the lease, must proceed to show how the fee passed to himself, viz, by descent.t So, if in trespass, the defendant plead that EJ~'., being seised in fee, demised to G.M., under whose command the defendant Justifies the trespass on the land, Giving Color, and the plaintiff, in his Replication, admits E.ff.'s seisin, but sets up a Subsequent Title in himself to the same land, in fee simple, prior to the alleged demise, he must show the derivation of the fee from FE'. to himself, by conveyance antecedent to the lease under which OH, claims.2
2 Salk. 562 91 Eng.Itep. 474; Searl -c. Bunion, 2 Mod. 70, 86 Eng.Rep. 947; Johns v. Whitley, 3 Wils. 72, 95 Eng.Rep. 939 (1770); Hendy v. Ste. phenson, 10 East. 00, 103 Eng.Rep. 698 (1808); P3'-ster vi Hemling, Cro.Jac. 103, 79 Eng.Rep. 83; Shepheard's Case, Cro.Car. 190, 79 Eng.Bep. 767; Robinson v. Smith, 4 Mod. 346, 87 Eng.Itep. 435.
and often is acquired by means consisting solely of matter of fact, a General Allegation of seisin in fee simple is Traversable; whereas particular estates, being always derived out of the fee simple, can regularly be created only by conveyance or by operation of law, and a General Allegation of such an estate is not Traversable, since it improperly blends law and fact. Hence, where title to particular estates is thus alleged, the time and manner of the derivation must be shown, in order that a Traverse may be taken upon any particular point in the Title.
1793); Blockley v. Slater, I Lut. 120, 125 Eng.Bep.
63; Sean v. Bunion, 2 Mod. 70, 86 Eng.Rep. 947;
Scilly V. Daily, 2 Salk. 562, 91 Eng.Rep. 474 (1607);
Skevill v. Avery, Cro.Car. 138, 79 Eng.Rep. 721;
Lodge v. Frye, Croiac. 52, 79 Eng.Rep. 43.
he must allege and prove the pedigree.~ Thus, in Heard v. Baskervile,° where the plaintiff brought Replevin, it was pleaded that the rent descended to a cousin and heir, etc., without showing how the cousin became heir, and the plaintiff Demurred Generally, thus raising an issue of law as to whether the failure to set down the matter of cousenage constituted a Defect of Substance, or of Form, such as by the Statute of Demurrers, 27 Eliz. c. 5,


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The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) will vote next month on a proposal to let phone carriers block certain calls by default in an effort to crack down on unwanted robocalls, the agency announced Wednesday.
FCC Chairman Ajit Pai said his proposal would clarify the commission's rules to let carriers filter out robocalls or scam calls from fraudulent numbers.
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- Research
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Glycomic profiling of carcinoembryonic antigen isolated from human tumor tissue
Clinical Proteomics volume 12, Article number: 17 (2015)
2429 Accesses
15 Citations
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Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein commonly found in human serum, with elevated CEA levels being linked to the progression of a wide range of tumors. It is currently used as a biomarker for malign tumors such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer [Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Invest 352: 644–648, 2013 and Lung Cancer 80: 45-49, 2013]. However, due to its low specificity in clinical applications, CEA can be used for monitoring only, rather than tumor diagnosis. The function of many glycoproteins is critically dependent on their glycosylation pattern, which in turn has the potential to serve in tumor detection. However, little is known about the detailed glycan patterns of CEA.
To determine these patterns, we isolated and purified CEA proteins from human tumor tissues using immunoaffinity chromatography. The glycan patterns of CEA were then analyzed using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry3 (MALDI-TOF-MS3) approach.
We identified 61 glycoforms in tumor tissue, where CEA is upregulated. These glycosylation entities were identified as bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues, and include a multitude of glycans previously not reported for CEA.
Our findings should facilitate a more precise tumor prediction than currently possible, ultimately resulting in improved tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Human Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein that is expressed during embryonal development [1]. It was identified in human cancer tissues, and is now known to be related to the progression of tumors [2, 3]. As a tumor marker, CEA has been utilized in the monitoring of tumor, judgment of neoplasm staging, as well as prediction of tumor recurrence [4]. However, further investigation revealed that detection of this antigen alone is not sufficiently specific for tumor diagnostics. Therefore, improvement in specificity of CEA detection remains a challenge for clinical tumor diagnosis [5].
The proper functioning of glycoproteins is directly related to the nature of their carbohydrate moiety changes in protein, and dysregulation of glycosylation patterns appears to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. It was reported that an increase in fucosylation and formation of new glycan antennae are characteristic features of carbohydrate chains that appears to associate with the occurrence of related diseases [6]. For example, core fucosylation (CF)-glycosylation of an α-fetoprotein isoform (AFP-L3) was approved as a biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [7]. Similar to AFP-L3, the use of CEA glycoprotein pattern has the potential to improve the specificity of tumor diagnosis.
CEA contains 28 potential N-liked glycosylation sites, and the glycofraction includes mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose and sialic acid [8]. The glycan composition of CEA displays a considerable heterogeneity in the sugar content of the antenna, but detailed structures of these glycans have so far not been reported [9]. One earlier study identified the core structures of CEA oligosaccharides and proposed that CEA contained approximate 40 N-linked oligosaccharide chains [10]. In a recent study, approximate 25 N-linked carbohydrate structures of CEA were determined, and complex-type and high mannose-type carbohydrate chains were analyzed [9].
Various techniques are currently in use to analyze glycans, including liquid chromatography (LC), lectin microarray, exoglycosidases digestion, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and MALDI-TOF-MSn. Methods involving LC and exoglycosidase digestion require large amounts of sample material, and are therefore not suitable for clinical application. In addition, specific glycan structures cannot be obtained by lectin microarray analysis to investigate carbohydrate moieties. Moreover, standard and purified glycans are required for CE analysis. Except for MALDI-TOF-MSn, all of the methods for structure analysis of CEA glycans mentioned above are sample/standard-consuming as well as cost-intensive. More importantly, specific glycan structures of CEA have not been entirely resolved. In contrast, MALDI-TOF-MSn is both sensitive and can be used in high through-put mode. Furthermore, uncertain fragments of glycans can be further decomposed until specific and detailed structures are obtained. As a result, components, sequence and branches of glycans can be specifically obtained by using MALDI-TOF-MSn. In order to investigate glycan structures of humanized CEA, we first extracted CEA from colon tumor using monoclonal anti-CEA coupled to activated Sepharose 4B. Glycan structures of extracted CEA were then analyzed using MALDI-TOF-MS3, which allowed for sensitive identification of a multitude of previously unknown glycan structures.
Trihydroxymethylaminomethane, sodium chloride, sodiumdeoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate monobasic sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, ammonium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, standard peptides, glycine, ethanolamine, propanol, DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide (IAA), cyanogens bromide, acetic acid and phosphate buffer were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetonitrile, ethanol and water were of analytical grade and obtained from Avantor Performance Materials, Inc. (PA, USA). Mouse anti-CEA antibody was purchased from ZSG-BIO (Beijing, China). Trypsin and peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) were purchased from Promega Corporation (WI, USA). C18-Sep-Pak cartridges were obtained from Waters Corporation (MA, USA). Clinical samples of rectum loops from patients with colorectal carcinoma were provided by Beijing Cancer Hospital.
CEA extraction and purification
Colorectal carcinoma tissue was placed on ice, and blood was washed off using 0.01 M PBS buffer. Adiposetissue was cut into pieces and RIPA lysis buffer (0.15 g Tris, 0.438 g NaCl, 0.05 g NaOH, 0.5 g sodiumdeoxycholate, and 0.05 g SDS) was added to the tissue pieces. The mixture was grinded into homogenate in a tissue grinder. All the tissue homogenate was ultrasonically decomposed thoroughly in the lysis buffer. Then the tissue homogenate was centrifuged at 4000 g, and the supernatant was kept on ice, at −80 °C.
Sepharose 4B stored in 20 % ethanol was applied onto a cartridge, and activated with cyanogens bromide solution in the presence of 2 M Na2CO3. Mouse anti-CEA was mixed and conjugated with the activated gel on the cartridge overnight at 4 °C. Remaining activated groups were blocked with 0.2 M ethanolamine (pH 7 ~ 8), and any excess of uncoupled proteins were washed off by PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) for three times. 0.5 mL of supernatant of the homogenate was fractionated overnight at 4 °C using an anti-CEA immunoadsorbent cartridge. Target CEA was eluted from the cartridge using 0.1 M glycine-HCl (pH 2.4) after washing with PBS buffer three times. The purity of eluted CEA was confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE, see Fig. 1b). Afterwards, the concentration of eluted CEA was determined using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA).
N-glycan release
Purified CEA was first reduced and carboxymethylated in the presence of DTT and IAA followed by dialysis in 50 mM Ambic buffer for 24–48 h at 4 °C. Glycoproteins were further incubated at 37 °C overnight to be cleaved into glycopeptides by tryptic digestion. First, the Sep-Pak® C18 cartridge was conditioned with methanol, 5 % acetic acid and the 100 % propan-1-ol, and then glycopeptide samples were applied to the cartridge. Second, samples were eluted stepwise with 20 % propan-1-ol solution and 40 % propan-1-ol solution. Third, the propanol Sep-Pak fractions were digested at 37 °C for 20–24 h using PNGase F. Separation of the N-glycans from the mixtures was conducted using a Sep-Pak® C18 propanol/5 % acetic acid system. Finally, permethylation and subsequent purification were performed according to previously described [11].
Structure analysis of N-linked glycans released from extracted CEA
Fractions of N-linked glycan mixtures from extracted CEA were analyzed using an Axima MALDI Resonance mass spectrometer (Shimadzu). A nitrogen laser was used to irradiate samples at 337 nm, and an average of 200 shots was taken. An aqueous solution of N-linked oligosaccharide mixture (ca. 100 pmol, 0.5 μL) was applied to a μfocus MALDI plate target (900 μm, 384 circles, HST Inc.). A solution (0.5 μL) of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB, 20 mg/mL) in a mixture of methanol–water (1:1) containing 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and 1 mM Na+ were added to the plate, and then mixed with oligosaccharides. Finally, the mixture was exposed to air at room temperature until dry. During MS, the ion peaks were calibrated using a mixture of standard peptides as mass markers.
CEA level extracted
In order to analyze the glycan moieties of CEA, we first isolated and purified CEA protein by immunoadsorption from human tumor tissues. CEA antibodies were first covalently coupled to Sepharose beads, to then allow target CEA to be precipitated, before it was eluted from the cartridge (Fig. 1a). Non-specific binding, resulting in low signal-to-noise-ratio, was avoided through covalent coupling of CEA antibodies. The concentration of eluted CEA was determined using an ELISA method. Using a standard curve (Fig. 2), we estimated that our procedure yielded approximate 12 ng CEA glycoproteins per 400 mg of colorectal carcinoma tissue used.
Analysis of N-linked glycan structures of extracted CEA
To investigate the specific glycan structures present in CEA, we analyzed our samples using MALDI-TOF-MS3. We detected the presence of 61 unique glycans in the extracted CEA. These glycans were detected without further separation, and were found to be all linked to asparagine (see Fig. 3 and Additional file 1: Table S1). In addition, the proposed N-glycan assignments for all peaks are shown. First, we analyzed the terminal structures of glycans of CEA. Furthermore, MS/MS/MS analysis of the assigned glycans was performed (see Additional file 2: Figures S1-S61). The spectra showed that of the 61 glycan moieties, 6 N-linked glycans were of high mannose-type, 23 were of bi-antennary structure, 14 were of a tri-antennary structure, and 17 were of tetra-antennary structure. Interestingly, one glycan with hybrid structure was determined as well.
As expected, more than half of the 61 N-linked glycans contained one or two residues of sialic acid attached to the terminal galactosyl group. Intriguingly, more than half of these glycans contained as many as two residues of fucose. These fucose molecules were linked either to a reducing terminal N-acetylglucosaminide, or a non-reducing end of the glycans. In addition, 23 N-linked glycans were found to contain both sialic acid and fucose residues. Interestingly, 23 N-linked glycans contained a SialylLewisx terminal structure, thus accounting for approximate 38 % of all glycan moieties determined. The presence and determined level of SialylLewisx structure are in agreement with those reported in earlier studies, where SialylLewisx was identified as a cancer marker [12].
Second, we investigated the core structures of the CEA glycan moeties. 31 CEA glycans (approximate 50 %) contained core fucosylation. During core fucosylation, fucose is transferred from guanosinediphosphate-fucose (GDP-Fuc) to the innermost GlcNAc catalyzed by core fucosyltransferase [7]. Similar to SialylLewisx, these results are in agreement with the literature describing core fucosylation as a cancer marker [13, 14]. In conclusion, our method is sensitive, and can be used for glycan detection of clinical samples. Our analysis indicated that tumor CEA proteins contain high levels of glycan structures such as SialylLewisx and core fucosylation, which have previously been associated with tumor tissue.
Discussion and conclusions
We identified 61 different glycosylated forms of CEA in the tumor samples analyzed. These structures included bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary structures carrying sialic acid and fucose residues. In addition, we showed that the presence of SialylLewisx and core fucosylation structures could facilitate the specificity improvement of CEA for cancer detection.
Glycan structures
Glycans possess several important features, including the ability of different types and numbers of sugar residues to form glycosidic bonds with one another, the type of anomeric linkage, the position and the absence or presence of branching. Together, these characteristics give rise to the complex heterogeneity in living systems. If some of these characteristics change, transformation of cells or tissues may occur. Therefore, glycan structure analysis should greatly improve the specificity and sensitivity of potential biomarkers that at present are not sufficiently specific for clinical tumor diagnosis. Currently, detection of CEA is not specific enough for adequate diagnosis of colonic neoplasia, and therefore CEA levels are only monitored as a prognostic indicator therapy response. Investigation of CEA glycans structures such as SialylLewisx units and fucosylation levels will greatly contribute to a more specific diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma.
The determined SialylLewisx structure here is in agreement with previous studies that reported the presence of SialylLewisx in malignancies [15–22]. SialylLewisx is an adhesion molecule present on O-and N-linked oligosaccharides, and is therefore of great significance in cell-cell recognition [23]. Importantly, SialylLewisx is thought to be associated with metastatic ability of tumor cells, and has the potential to be used as a marker for pathological tumor extensiveness, e.g., nodal extension or distant metastasis [24]. It was reported earlier that SialylLewisx is a tumor-specific glycan marker used for tumor staging, prognosis and progression, and was found to be associated with proteins such as alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, CD66, and MUC7 [25–28]. It has also been demonstrated that SialylLewisx is present at elevated levels in primary breast carcinoma [29]. Fucosylation levels increased significantly when malignant transformation occurred in the tissue cells. It has been proved that core-fucosylation is involved in the regulation of many biological processes in mammals. Abnormal core-fucosylation was previously reported to be involved in human pathological processes, such as metastasis [7]. However, few reports exist that tested the use of SialylLewisx and core-fucosylation as tumor markers for colorectal carcinoma. Based on our results here, the SialylLewisx and core-fucosylation structures do present in CEA protein extracted from colon carcinomas tissues. The results of our present study indicate that determined levels of SialylLewisx and core fucosylation of CEA proteins could be useful and specific indicators for colorectal carcinoma.
CEA samples from human
CEA samples from human rather than recombinant proteins are essentially required to improve the diagnostic specificity of CEA for cancer detection in clinical application. Biological synthesis of glycan chains is a non-template and complicated process, and this metabolic pathway cannot be controlled as accurately as nucleic acid and proteins. Moreover, synthesis and rupture of glycosidic bonds are controlled by either glycosyltransferase or hydrolase in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and these processes are extraordinarily non-deterministic. Glycan structures in recombinant proteins may be different from glycan structures synthesized via the mentioned process in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of glycoproteins extracted from human patients. Consequently, CEA samples from human patients are necessary for studies about clinical application. In the present study, CEA samples were extracted and purified from patients, thus the harvested glycan structures represent exactly those synthesized in biological systems. Therefore, the determined glycan structures should assist greatly in improving the specificity of cancer diagnosis in clinical application.
Analysis method
CEA concentrations in human samples are in the level of ng/mL, and it is therefore necessary to use highly sensitive detection methods for the analysis of its glycosylation patterns. MALDI-TOF-MS method possesses a much higher sensitivity compared to those reported previously for CEA glycan analysis. In a previous study that used limited exoglycosidase digestion and methylation analysis, the amount of CEA proteins required was almost 10 mg for glycan analysis [8]. In the present study, only 5 μg of CEA proteins were required for one spot on the MALDI plate, indicating that our method is sensitive, with the amount of material required being three magnitudes lower. In addition, permethylation of released glycans were optimized in this study, and the experiment time was shortened without effect on results. All the structures of N-linked glycans were obtained and analyzed using MALDI-TOF-MS3 in about 60 min after glycans were released from CEA proteins. The procedure of glycans release in this study was mainly composed of tryptic digestion, N-Glycosidase F digestion and the necessary clean-up of products by Sep-Pak purification steps respectively. However, the reported routine procedures of glycans release and structure analysis of glycan moieties of CEA proteins often include multistep enzyme digestion, liberation of glycans and complicated methylation analysis [9, 10]. Therefore, short analysis time and simple treatment process contributed to high through-put of current methods, especially when multiple clinical samples were required to be analyzed rapidly. The limitation of our method presented here is that linkage information of glycans could not be obtained, apart from branch and sequence information. Nevertheless, we believe that information about composition, branch architecture and sequences of the CEA glycan moieties should be sufficient to improve the specificity of CEA to allow its use as a colon tumor marker.
A method including extraction, purification of glycoprotein CEA from tumor tissue, and characterization of CEA glycans structures was developed. Sixty-one unique oligosaccharides were obtained, and structures of these glycans were investigated. The presented methodology should greatly assist further study of CEA proteins and its application as a specific colon tumor marker, and glycans signatures may become useful markers for the distinction of cancers.
Carcinoembryonic antigen
- MALDI-TOF-MSn :
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometryn
Core fucosylation
Hepatocellular carcinoma
US Food and Drug Administration
Liquid chromatography
Capillary electrophoresis
- PNGase F:
Peptide N-glycosidase F
Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid
Ttrifluoroacetic acid
- GDP-Fuc:
Tandem mass spectrometry
- m/z:
Mass to charge ratio
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31270909), Major Projects for Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health (No. 2013ZX10004216-002), Project for Scientific Equipment Development of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. YZ201249). We are also indebted to the STS Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. Y4CQ041) and Project for Key Technology Development of Metabolomic Quantitative Analysis (No. Y486041). Help from Torsten Juelich in Peking University for assistance with discussion and editing is greatly acknowledged.
Additional information
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
CH carried out the glycan pattern studies, MALDI-TOF-MS experiments, glycan structure analyses and participated in drafting the manuscript. TZ contributed to the isolation and purification of colorectal carcinoma tissue, and provided extensive discussion and clinical information. YL contributed to ELISA experiments and quantification of purified CEA. QL and HW performed N-glycan release and purification, and SDS-PAGE experiments. DJ collected samples from patients, and provided clinical information. YL conceived the study, contributed to its design and coordination, participated in drafting the manuscript and critical review. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Additional files
Additional file 1: Table S1.
N-glycans harvested from CEA of colorectal carcinoma patients.
Additional file 2:
Supporting Information (Figures S1-S61).
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Huang, C., Zhan, T., Liu, Y. et al. Glycomic profiling of carcinoembryonic antigen isolated from human tumor tissue. Clin Proteom 12, 17 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12014-015-9088-3
- Carcinoembryonic antigen
- Glycan profiling


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Dr. Schrammek Blemish Balm has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. Specially developed for the irritated, large-pored and impure skin–the texture with panthenol and bisabolol calms reddened skin. Redness and impurities subside more quickly and can perfectly be covered with the respective color shade according to the individual skin tone. The BB Cream has a soft matting effect and leaves a pleasant, non-greasy skin feeling. Available in 3 different colour shades. There are many BB Creams, but only one Blemish Balm – The Original!
Benefits of this product:
- Can be used daily as make-up substitute or spot-treatment for blemishes
- Anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects soothes the skin
- Great for application after laser treatment
- Stimulates the skin's regeneration processes
- Reduces itching caused by insect bites
- Protects skin against environmental influences
- Covering/concealing properties.
Effective ingredients:
- Zinc oxide: anti-inflammatory, covering
- Titanium dioxide: UV-Schutz, covering
- Liquorice root: anti-inflammatory, brightening
- Panthenol: moisturizing, soothing
How to Use:
Apply mornings and evenings, or on demand, on the affected areas.


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Dr Taylor Condrin is a rheumatologist based in Dallas, Texas who has a combined MD and MPH degree from Yale University School of Medicine, and a medical specialization: F-O Rheumatology from the University of Manchester.
Taylor Condrin has always been of the belief that a doctor, especially a specialized one must always stay at home in case of any family problems as working for a doctor while having some family issues is bound to effect his/her goodwill and might even cost the patient some permanent damage in rare cases. Dr Taylor has always walked the talk in this regard but one day after having a very rough argument with his beloved wife, Dr Taylor decided not to go to the clinic and rather try the recent popular phenomena – Binary Options Investment and he did only to regret it later as he lost all the Binary Options that he invested overnight only to get more sad, disappointed and misanthropic than he was in the morning after the argument with his wife. One good thing happened though and that was that his wife who didn't even want to see his face after the argument in the morning, sat right beside Dr Condrin and drank a glass of champagne with him. And after they both got a little high, Dr Condrin's wife suddenly recalled that the same happened to a very good friend of hers a couple of months ago who then tried a company that goes by the name Assured Recovery on a friend's suggestion for her Binary Options Recovery and had great success with the same. All the Binary Options that she had lost were successfully returned back to her for a petty fee which was a chachki compared to the damage done.
Dr Condrin tried the same tactic only to get the same success that the friend of her wife had.


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Montage 2019 Exhibition
NUSPS is proud to announce that: Montage 2019 Exhibition will be happening at National Museum of Singapore!
Venue: National Museum of Singapore, Level 1, The Concourse
Date: 1st to 11th August 2019
Time: 10am – 7pm
Ending our Montage 2019 competition on a high note, our exhibition will showcase a collection of outstanding submissions by Montage participants.
We would like to thank all our fellow photographers and partners that have supported us throughout the Montage 2019 journey. We hope that you will have a meaningful experience with us as we bring to life Our National Identity through the art of photography.
See you there!


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As companies continue to flood the ASX for listing, the pioneers are starting to reap the capital rewards. Meanwhile warnings are still being sounded about un-profitable Internet ventures.
Ocean floats Bambuu on ASX
In what is becoming an odd IT trend, another former mineral company has left the quarries in search of more lucrative streams through e-commerce and the Internet.
Ocean Resources NL has changed its trading name to Bambuu in the lead up to an IPO scheduled next month.
Hoping to raise $3 million from 20.5 million shares with 5.5 million options, the company has extended the closing date for applications to August 13 after announcing it has just agreed in principle with UK Internet company Witchity to market a software product which enable users to maintain their Internet connect while receiving incoming calls on the one phone line.
New Tel options gross $10m
Telecommunications company New Tel has pocketed $10.05 million from exercising nearly 33.5 million outstanding options, which expired on June 30.
Priced at 30 cents, the cashflow generated by the options enables New Tel to bolster its sales and marketing efforts, which according to New Tel CEO Peter Malone has doubled its customer base.
A shortfall of 226,958 options was underwritten by Findlay & Co Stockbrokers.
Two more bites for Sausage
Sausage Software is hot on the acquisition trail, buying another two companies -- ASK Solutions Victoria and Savant Data Network Services.
In a statement issued by Sausage, the company claims ASK and Savant have an annual turnover of $4 million and offer the strategic, technical and networking capabilities required by the Web developer to service the Internet and data infrastructure needs of its major corporate customers.
Sausage Software's director, Wayne Bos, claims the acquisition also further positions the company as an applications service provider.
The Heads of Agreement announcement was made this week and is subject to final contract documentation.
Web Doc warns about e-profits
Companies pouring money into unprofitable Internet businesses have reached epidemic proportions, to the point where people are surprised to find an Internet venture achieving immediate profitability, claims Web guru Dr James Hearne, owner of Web development company Hearne Web Publishing.
Claiming some companies fall into the habit of losing money, a habit Hearne compares to "smoking or drinking", the Web aficionado says "I would be very reluctant to lend money to a business that had not yet learnt the science of making a profit. Spending buckets of shareholders' money requires little discipline."


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Airport phone: +1 703-417-8600
Hotel direction: 17.7 km NW
This hotel does not provide a shuttle service.
Take VA-28 S. Take US-50 exit toward Winchester/Fairfax. Follow signs for Fairfax/US-50 E and merge onto US-50 E/Lee Jackson Memorial Hwy. Take the Fairfax Co Pkwy/Virginia 7100 exit. Turn right onto Fair Lakes Pkwy. Take the 1st left onto Shoppes Lane. Residence Inn is on the right.
Airport phone: +1 703-417-8000
Hotel direction: 40.2 km W
This hotel does not provide a shuttle service.
Hyw 1 to I-66 West. Continue on I-66 West to Exit 55A Fairfax County Parkway (7100) (Fair Lakes). At first signal, turn left onto Fair Lakes Parkway. At the first light make a left onto Shoppes Lane. Follow main drive to the left. Residence Inn is on the right.
Airport phone: +1 410-508-7100
Hotel direction: 91.7 km SW
This hotel does not provide a shuttle service.
BWI Parkway South to I-495 SW, Travel approximately 30 minutes to I-66 West. Travel I-66 West to exit 55B Fairfax County Parkway (Fair Lakes). Turn left at first signal onto Fair Lakes Parkway. Turn left at first light onto Shoppes Lane Continue approx 200 yards. The hotel is at the end of the drive on the right.
Complimentary on-site parking
3935 Centerview Drive
Chantilly, VA 20151
Phone: +1 703-435-8581
27.4 km SE from hotel
13.8 km E from hotel
46.7 km from hotel


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Generic Business-Level Strategies
Business-level strategies guide companies' actions in each distinct line of business they are in. Strategies at this level describe who the company will serve, with what products it will serve them and how the company will serve them. A company can be in more than one line of business at once, necessitating unique business-level strategies for each line.
Quality Focus
Companies may choose to focus on the premium end of the market with their business-level strategies. A company pursuing quality leadership is likely to place less emphasis on its cost structure, and more on the reliability, brand appeal and overall quality of its products and services.
Business-level strategies for quality leadership include implementing Six Sigma, Total Quality Management (TQM) or other iterative quality improvement systems, focusing on employee development and using advertising and public relations to create a prestigious image.
Cost Focus
Cost leadership is another strategic direction chosen at the business level. Cost-focused initiatives seek to achieve the lowest end-user price possible by decreasing costs along the value chain, even possibly reaching back through the supply chain to spot inefficiencies and improve processes for cost minimization.
Business-level strategies for cost control include implementing automated production or service processes, keeping the workforce lean, sourcing low-cost materials and outsourcing non-vital business functions.
Niche Focus
Developing products and services for niche markets is a unique endeavor that can be more personally rewarding than financially at times. It is possible to create a hugely successful business serving a niche market, however. Consider Apple, which, before introducing iTunes and the iPod, followed a quality leadership strategy while offering a product that only a small percentage of the market was interested in, while reaping large financial rewards.
Market research is the key business-level strategy for niche marketing. Find out as much as possible about your niche customers' needs, wants and unique ways of using products, and craft your products and services around their feedback.
Value Leadership
The value leadership business-level strategy mixes cost and quality focus to find the perfect middle ground. As with niche marketing, research and testing are the key to value leadership. Succeeding as a value leader such as Wal-Mart or Family Dollar involves finding the perfect balance between cost and quality so that you can attract customers from higher-end competitors and keep them loyal with the quality of your products and services.
Filling the Void
Each of the strategies discussed above has its pros and cons, and is best suited for specific companies in specific regions serving specific customers. The best way to ensure that you choose the best business-level strategy for your company is to perform a competitive analysis of your chosen industry and region before crafting your strategy. List the strategies of each major player in the industry, and find the strategy that is being neglected in the marketplace, as long as that strategy makes sense in your specific region and industry.
If you notice that there are five high-end grocery stores in town, for example, and one-third of the population earns less than $40,000 per year, opening a discount grocery outlet may be a lucrative opportunity.
Photo Credits
- isolated circles graph made from fraction circles image by davidcrehner from Fotolia.com


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Crescent ♑ Capricorn
Moon phase on 18 November 2020 Wednesday is Waxing Crescent, 4 days young Moon is in Capricorn.Share this page: twitter facebook linkedin
Waxing Crescent is the lunar phase on . Seen from Earth, illuminated fraction of the Moon surface is 15% and growing larger. The 4 days young Moon is in ♑ Capricorn.
Thursday Thu
Friday Fri
Saturday Sat
Sunday Sun
Monday Mon
Tuesday Tue
Wednesday Wed
Previous main lunar phase is the New Moon before 3 days on 15 November 2020 at 05:07.
Moon rises in the morning and sets in the evening. It is visible toward the southwest in early evening.
Moon is passing about ∠11° of ♑ Capricorn tropical zodiac sector.
Lunar disc appears visually 1.7% narrower than solar disc. Moon and Sun apparent angular diameters are ∠1909" and ∠1942".
Next Full Moon is the Beaver Moon of November 2020 after 11 days on 30 November 2020 at 09:30.
There is low ocean tide on this date. Sun and Moon gravitational forces are not aligned, but meet at big angle, so their combined tidal force is weak.
The Moon is 4 days young. Earth's natural satellite is moving from the beginning to the first part of current synodic month. This is lunation 258 of Meeus index or 1211 from Brown series.
Length of current 258 lunation is 29 days, 11 hours and 9 minutes. It is 1 hour and 35 minutes shorter than next lunation 259 length.
Length of current synodic month is 1 hour and 35 minutes shorter than the mean length of synodic month, but it is still 4 hours and 34 minutes longer, compared to 21st century shortest.
This New Moon true anomaly is ∠12.4°. At beginning of next synodic month true anomaly will be ∠30.1°. The length of upcoming synodic months will keep increasing since the true anomaly gets closer to the value of New Moon at point of apogee (∠180°).
4 days after point of perigee on 14 November 2020 at 11:48 in ♏ Scorpio. The lunar orbit is getting wider, while the Moon is moving outward the Earth. It will keep this direction for the next 8 days, until it get to the point of next apogee on 27 November 2020 at 00:29 in ♉ Taurus.
Moon is 375 499 km (233 324 mi) away from Earth on this date. Moon moves farther next 8 days until apogee, when Earth-Moon distance will reach 405 891 km (252 209 mi).
1 day after its descending node on 17 November 2020 at 00:07 in ♐ Sagittarius, the Moon is following the southern part of its orbit for the next 12 days, until it will cross the ecliptic from South to North in ascending node on 1 December 2020 at 07:46 in ♊ Gemini.
14 days after beginning of current draconic month in ♊ Gemini, the Moon is moving from the second to the final part of it.
At 11:27 on this date the Moon is meeting its South standstill point, when it will reach southern declination of ∠-24.856°. Next 14 days the lunar orbit will move in opposite northward direction to face North declination of ∠24.882° in its northern standstill point on 3 December 2020 at 01:22 in ♋ Cancer.
After 11 days on 30 November 2020 at 09:30 in ♊ Gemini, the Moon will be in Full Moon geocentric opposition with the Sun and this alignment forms next Sun-Earth-Moon syzygy.


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Five headed to NU hall
Five individuals will be inducted into the Northwood University Athletic Hall of Fame on Oct. 6 as part of Homecoming/Auto Show weekend, the school announced recently. The reception for the seventh annual hall of fame class will begin at 6:30 p.m., followed by dinner and the program at 7 p.m.
This year's class consists of contributor Larry Lindsey, women's golfer Jamie (Long) Rhynard, softball player Tara Tigner, football player Shandrin "Sleepie" Tollie, and track and field athlete Dale Washington.
Inductees were selected based on their athletic prowess, contributions to NU's athletics programs, success and character, and positive representation of the school.
Lindsey has been involved in NU athletics for over 40 years in numerous roles, including athlete, coach, radio announcer, administrator, and mentor. He began his association with NU in 1966 when he competed in both basketball and football, and he was named team captain in both sports during his senior year. In 1971, he began working for NU and has remained in administration ever since, including serving as the dean of students since 1988.
Lindsey was also the first track and field coach (1974) and first women's basketball coach (1982) in school history, as well as interim athletics director in 2000. Most recently, he has been a color commentator for NU football on the radio for over 15 years.
Rhynard made her mark as NU's greatest women's golfer from 2003-07, owning virtually every school record and earning All-GLIAC honors in all four years. She was named the 2007 GLIAC Women's Golf Athlete of the Year after finishing with the lowest scoring average in the conference. At the 2006 GLIAC Championship, she was the individual medalist with a 1-over-par total of 217 over the three-round event. That mark remains the best score in relation to par in the history of the GLIAC Championship and is nine strokes better than any other total.
Rhynard remains the lone player in school history to qualify for the NCAA Championships, reaching the event in 2004. She also excelled in the classroom, claiming CoSIDA Academic All-America honors, and she was also NU's valedictorian in 2007.
Tigner's softball career at Northwood (1997-2000) is one of the most productive in the history of the program. Her name appears in either the season or career leaders list 16 times in the Northwood recordbook. She ranks first in school history with 150 career runs as well ranking second in hits (210), doubles (39), home runs (16) and total bases (320), while placing third in stolen bases (52).
Tigner's 1999 season will go down as one of the finest at Northwood, ending the year with a .403 average, six home runs, and 15 doubles. Her stats from 1999 still rank in the top-seven in school history in six different categories. A two-time All-GLIAC honoree, Tigner finished her career with a .338 career batting average, and she was a part of one of the winningest stretches in program history, as the Timberwolves won 113 games in her career.
Tollie is known around Northwood as the player who "put Northwood football on the map" during his stint as quarterback from 1998-2001, leading NU to 25 victories in three seasons during one stretch. The Timberwolves had won a total of 23 games in the previous eight seasons combined prior to Tollie becoming the QB. He still holds Northwood records for passing yards (4,442) and scoring (250 points), while ranking third in completions (233) and 16th in rushing (1,855). His 1,862 passing yards in the 1998 season remain the most in program history.
Tollie also claimed the NCAA pass efficiency rating title in 1998 with a mark of 190.41. His finest performance occurred in one of the most famous games in program history, as Tollie accounted for over 400 yards and five touchdowns in Northwood's 79-49 win over rival Saginaw Valley State in the 1998 Axe Bowl. He led NU to a pair of GLIAC championships (1999-2000), the first conference titles for Northwood in 22 seasons.
More than 20 years after his career at Northwood ended, Dale Washington remains one of the finest athletes to ever be associated with the track and field program. The highlight of his distinguished career (1982-85) was earning the NAIA national championship in the 110-meter hurdles at the 1985 outdoor championships. He also finished third during the 1985 indoor season in the 60-meter hurdles. The team captain in 1985, Washington led NU to top-10 national finishes at the NAIA Indoor and Outdoor National Championships.
Washington is one of just three athletes in the history of Northwood track and field to earn a national title, joining Kevin Brown and Chris Rusher. He claimed All-America honors at the NAIA Championships both in 1984 and 1985. He also claimed the 110-meter hurdles at the prestigious Dogwood Relays in 1985. Washington's indoor school record of 8.18 in the 60-meter hurdles stood at Northwood from 1985 until 2012.
"We are excited to be able to honor these outstanding individuals and to pay tribute to the long history of Northwood athletics," said NU Associate Athletics Director Dave Marsh in a written release. "Each of the inductees was a pioneer in (his or her) sport and in the development of our athletic program. Without them, we would not be enjoying our current success."
Admission to the induction and dinner is $30, with net proceeds funding a Northwood Athletic Hall of Fame scholarship in the name of the inductees.
For more information about tickets, contact Robin Yancer at 837-4350 or at email@example.com


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Oh, January, where have you gone? February is just around the corner, but first, here are the best date night options in Austin. And, since dating isn't just for the weekend, we're now listing the best date night ideas for the entire week. Enjoy!
Tuesday, January 23
FREE Elio Altare Wine Tasting + Pizza Party!
Tuesday, Jan. 23| from 4:30 to 6:30 p.m. | Italic, 123 W. 6th St.
Join Italic for a complimentary wine tasting in the café in honor of their new featured producer, Elio Altare! Bonus: they'll be serving FREE pizza to pair with the wines!
Karaoke Vibes on a Tuesday
Tuesday, Jan. 23| at 9 p.m. | Thirsty Turtle, 1200 W. Howard Ln.
Wind down with Thirsty Turtle this and every Tuesday for some feel good music Karaoke Vibes. Drink specials all night and the best bartenders in North Austin! $2 domestics and wells all night.
Wednesday, January 24
The Office Trivia
Wednesday, Jan. 24| from 7 to 10 p.m. | The Austin Winery, 440 E. St Elmo, Unit A-1
Test your knowledge of one of the greatest TV comedies of all time! FREE to play, prizes for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place. Nobody tell Toby!
Open Mic Night!
Wednesday, Jan. 24| from 7 to 10 p.m. | Gourdough's Public House, 2700 S. Lamar Blvd.
Keep your mid-week drive alive with music, laughs, friends, and donuts! Gourdough's Open Mic is coming at you every Wednesday. Bring your instruments and join in on the fun! Plus, $4 Happy Meals and $4 Deep Eddy Vodka Distillery drinks. All ages and always FREE.
Thursday, January 25
Film Art at University Hills: Cleo from 5 to 7
Thursday, Jan. 25 | at 6:30 p.m. | University Hills Branch Library, 4721 Loyola Ln.
Watch and discover new films at the Austin Public Library. Refreshments provided. Free and open to the public. This 1962 film is about selfish pop singer Cléo, who has two hours to wait until the results of her biopsy come back. After an ominous tarot card reading, she visits her friends, all of whom fail to give her the emotional support she needs. Wandering around Paris, she finally finds comfort talking with a soldier in a park. On leave from the Algerian War, his troubles put hers in perspective. As they talk and walk, Cléo comes to terms with her selfishness, finding peace before the results come back.
New Year, New Scare Movie
Thursday, Jan. 25 | at 6:30 p.m. | Carver Branch Library, 1161 Angelina St.
Another in the Carver Branch series of B-Movies for the discerning viewer. Popcorn, soda, bottled water, FREE (parking, too). This month they will be screening Attack of the Giant Leeches.
Brew Ha Ha Comedy Night – January
Thursday, Jan. 25 | from 7 to 8:30 p.m. | Circle Brewing, 2340 W. Braker Ln.
It's the return of Brew Ha Ha comedy night! Circle Brewing Company and Chris Castles have joined forces to bring comedy to North Austin again! Bring some friends and enjoy the best of Austin comedy.
Friday, January 26
José Parlá Q&A and Opening Reception
Friday, Jan. 26 | from 5:30 to 8:30 p.m. | Robert B. Rowling Hall, 300 W. Martin Luther King Blvd.
Join Landmarks to celebrate the opening of José Parlá's monumental mural, Amistad América. His painting transforms a 4,000 square foot wall in the new Rowling B. Hall into a sweeping visual landscape. Events are free and open with registration. Register here.
Visual Arts Center's Spring 2018 Opening
Friday, Jan. 26 | from 6 to 8 p.m. | UT Campus, Art Building, 23rd and San Jacinto Streets
FREE and open to the public. Join the Visual Arts Center for the opening of their Spring 2018 season. Learn more about the exhibitions here.
Name That Tune Bingo Night! – Cedar Park ($1)
Friday, Jan. 26 | from 9 to 11 p.m. | Whitestone Brewery, 601 E Whitestone Blvd, Ste 500, Bldg 5, Cedar Park
A late night game for music lovers, where Name That Tune meets Bingo! The cost is just $1 per bingo sheet! Come have some fun with great prizes for the winners! 21+ only please.
Saturday, January 27
South Congress Artist Market!
Saturday, Jan. 27 | from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. | Vespaio, 1610 S. Congress Ave.
Join a lovely bunch of artists, jewelers, crafters, and collectors offering goods to the greater Austin Community. They set up their pop up shops at the wonderful Italian Restaurant, Vespaio. Family and pet friendly.
UT Brainstorms: A Conversation on the Brain
Saturday, Jan. 27 | from 3:30 to 5 p.m. | UT Campus Thompson Conference Center (TCC), Auditorium 1.110, 2405 Robert Dedman Dr.
This series will provide information accessible to non-scientific audiences about a variety of neuroscience topics that relate to normal brain function, neurological diseases, overall brain health and how neuroscience research can improve everyday life. Dr. Robert Messing, Professor of Neurology, will conduct the next session on January 27th: "The Addicted Brain: A Conversation about Alcohol and Drug Addiction." This public education event is free to the community. For more information and to RSVP, please visit: Neuroscience.utexas.edu/brainstorms.
Chandler and the Bings 90s Party at Highball
Saturday, Jan. 27 | at 10 p.m. | The Highball Austin, 1120 S Lamar Blvd.
After playing pretty much every place other than home, Chandler and the Bings are FINALLY back home in Austin and super excited about rocking your faces off at Highball. No cover, 21 , must have party pants for entry.
Sunday, January 28
Camp Cinema – The Goonies
Sunday, Jan. 28 | from 4 to 9 p.m. | The Buzz Mill, 1505 Town Creek Dr.
Camp Cinema is Buzz Mill's interactive movie and TV program series. We take everything you love about movies and television and turn it up to 11. Imagine going to the best theme party you could dream of, with costumes, a themed photo booth, signature food and drinks fit to the experience, and prizes to celebrate your involvement. Plus, each Camp Cinema event is connected to a local outreach component, so you're partying for a worthy cause.
Free January Swing Lessons and Dance
Sunday, Jan. 28 | from 7 to 10 p.m. | Life in the City, 205 E. Monroe St.
Make friends, jam to some fun music in a great South Congress venue, and learn the basics of Lindy Hop. From 6-7 p.m., join the ntermediate class if you already know the basic lindy swing-out. From 7-8 p.m., join the beginner class before the social dance happens from 8-10 p.m. Usually the class and dance are $5, but for the month of January there is no charge at all!
Monday, January 29
Beyond Bollywood: Indian Americans Shape the Nation
Monday, Jan. 29 | from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. | Asian American Resource Center, 8401 Cameron Rd.
The City of Austin's Asian American Resource Center (AARC), in partnership with South Asian Austin Moms (SAAM), is proud to host Beyond Bollywood: Indian Americans Shape the Nation from January 29 to April 8, 2018. From the builders of America's earliest railroads and farms, to Civil Rights pioneers and digital technology entrepreneurs, Indian Americans have long been an inextricable part of American life. This Smithsonian traveling exhibition details the history of Indian Americans and their contributions to the United States from the 1700s to the present.
Monday Night Comedy!
Monday, Jan. 29 | from 8 to 9 p.m. | Craftsman, 2000 E Cesar Chavez St.
Monday nights just got a little more comedy-er with the return of Monday Night Comedy, a weekly showcase at Craftsman, presenting some of the best comics in Austin. And it's totally FREE!


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As much as every homeowner tries to keep their home safe and cozy for their family members, you have to realize that you may also be creating the perfect home for a lot of unwanted house guests as well. Sometimes even the most cautious homeowners are not able to keep all of the creepy crawlers away. The first step in preventing your home from becoming the breeding ground for unwanted house guests is to know how to recognize the signs of an invasion. Once you spot signs of an invasion you will know it is time to call an Exterminator in NYC for help.
One of the hardest pests for post inside of a home is bed bugs. The unfortunate truth is that it is also one of the hardest pests to keep out and to get rid of. There are a lot of different ways that bed bugs can gain access to your home. They can hide in the fur of your pets or they can be transported through the possessions of your friends and family members. The most common way of getting bed bugs is by purchasing used furniture.
Most homeowners would agree that dealing with a bed bug infestation is one of the most trying experiences you will ever have. These are critters who bite and leave nasty marks. Their bites can cause all sorts of problems that can leave everyone in your home feeling terrible. These are pests who are so good at hiding within a home that a lot of people do not realize they have a problem until they start getting bitten in their sleep.
As soon as you see signs of bed bugs inside of your home you should waste no time reaching out to an Exterminator in NYC. You are going to need professionals such as Rudy's Exterminating Company Inc. because bed bugs are nearly impossible for the average homeowner to get rid of. After the exterminator gets rid of the critters they can sit down with you and teach you about how you can keep these creepy crawlers from coming back in your home.


text: Your opinion counts at MindField and is often rewarded! They conduct ongoing Internet surveys for clients across America and beyond. You can earn CA$H for each and every survey you complete. They have monthly drawings for active participants. Plus you could win an iPhone, iPod and a saaa-weet flat-panel TV. Who wouldn't LOVE that?!?! Sign up with MindField by clicking on the picture above, fill out your information and be sure to confirm your email. If you don't, they will not know that you're truly interested and won't have your name & info on their list. **It may go to your spam folder, so check there too**


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A powerful workhorse for families on the go.
It's programmable and easy to clean, and you can use it to brown and cook in the same pot. Some users have complained that the inside coating has a tendency to peel.
The ultimate set-it-and-forget-it appliance.
Large volume. Flexible time and heat settings. Emits an odd odor when used for the first time, and the high heat can be hotter than expected.
Given the portability of this model, it is ideal for those who love to entertain.
Clips for carrying make it suitable for potlucks or tailgating. Some units come with three feet instead of four, creating a balance issue.
Q. How does a slow cooker work?
A. Like a dutch oven, a slow cooker radiates heat up the sides of the pot to give your food gentle, consistent heat throughout. As such, it's suited for longer cooking times.
Q. What are the food items to make in a slow cooker?
A. Stews with tougher cuts of meat are ideal for slow cooker preparation, as the long cooking time helps break down the connective tissue for a tender result. Soups, chili, and even desserts are also easily made in a slow cooker.
Q. What is the difference between a slow cooker and a Crock-Pot?
A. The only real difference is in the brand name. The Crock-Pot hails from a specific brand of slow cookers introduced in 1970. The first slow cooker was introduced in 1940 by Irving Nachumsohn and was sold under the Naxon brand.
Related: See our review of the best Instant Pots here.
BestReviews and the newspaper publisher identified above may earn a commission if you purchase a product through one of our links.


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She's watching you.
(Except not, 'cause it seems like I'm failing to upload anything here. Dang it, I was pumped to see SWAG back up!)
I love it! So bold and innovating with you new style. I stare into the blackness and imagine everything you can create. :)
Seriously, Tuss! Watching your art style grow and develope has been one of the most amazing journeys ever.
This is a fantastic piece not because of its detail, but because of its simplicity coupled with a natural sense of lighting. It has such an organic feel to it.