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Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution / Edition 1 available in Paperback
- 0300121059
- 9780300121056
- Pub. Date:
- 08/01/2006
- Publisher:
- Yale University Press
The standard history of modern Iran, now revised and updated to explain the country's tumultuous recent history In this substantially revised and expanded version of Nikki Keddie's classic work Roots of Revolution, the author brings the story of modern Iran to the present day, exploring the political, cultural, and social changes of the past quarter century. Keddie provides insightful commentary on the Iran-Iraq war, the Persian Gulf War, and the effects of 9/11 and Iran's strategic relationship with the U.S. She also discusses developments in education, health care, the arts, and the role of women.
Product Details
|Yale University Press
|Publication date:
|Edition description:
|Updated Edition
|Sales rank:
|Product dimensions:
|6.12(w) x 9.25(h) x (d)
About the Author
Nikki R. Keddie is professor of history at the University of California Los Angeles.
Read an Excerpt
Modern Iran
Roots and Results of Revolution
By Nikki R. Keddie
Yale University Press
Copyright © 2006 Yale University
All right reserved.
Chapter One
Religion and Society to 1800 Background The 1978-79 Revolution and its aftermath awakened for the first time in twenty-five years widespread public interest in Iran-and, to a large degree, bafflement and incomprehension. This revolution did not fit the patterns and expectations of even the relatively well informed. Where before had one seen a leader of an established religion emerge as the widely popular, charismatic head of a revolution against a royal ruler who stressed his own legitimacy, his ties to the national past, and his reformist plans? And where before had one seen a state bristling with armaments worth billions of dollars, armed forces, secret and open police, all supposedly ready for use, crumble in the face of periodic, rising, peaceful mass demonstrations and strikes? Scholars in the field of Middle Eastern studies are now accustomed to being asked: Was this revolution religious, political, social, economic,-or what? The only good answer seems to be that it was all of these; as will be discussed in this study, economic, social, and political discontents had developed over the decades and coalesced in the late 1970s, while added to the central Islamic identity felt by the majority of the popular classes were new interpretations of religion that justified revolutionary ideas and became widespread in society.
Several long-term factors in Iranian history have contributed to political and social development down to the present. Among these are geographical characteristics that, as in much of the Middle East, favored the early development of settled agriculture (as the clearing of massive forests and use of the heavy plow so vital in Europe were not necessary). On the other hand, as in much of the Middle East, irrigation led to salination of the soil and deforestation to erosion, so that agricultural difficulties and aridity almost surely increased over the centuries, which encouraged a pastoral nomadic adaptation to arid conditions. Economic fluctuations based in part on geographic conditions also gave rise to rebellions, and in recent times inappropriate imitation of Western agricultural methods led to further ecological deterioration.
Iran's location has for centuries been important to international trade and strategy. It borders on Azerbaijan and Armenia to the north, Iraq and Turkey to the west, the Persian Gulf to the south, and Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east. Iran encompasses about 628,000 square miles, a far larger area than that of any Western European country, but much of this is now desert, including the two huge eastern deserts, the Dasht-e Lut and the Dasht-e Kavir. Most of Iran is a high plateau strewn with mountains, the two major ranges being the Alborz in the north and the Zagros from the northwest toward the southeast. Seasonal extremes of hot and cold prevail throughout most of the country, and Iran is predominantly dry. The regions touching the Caspian Sea in the north, however, have high rainfall; the province of Gilan has among the highest in the world. This allows for a dense and organized peasant population, which encourages a more rebellious peasantry than where peasant population is sparse and scattered.
Since very ancient times, many different peoples have lived in Iran. The word "Iran" is a cognate of "Aryan"; these words were used by that branch of the Indo-European peoples who migrated southeast before 1000 B.C., the Iranians staying in Iran and the Aryans going on to India. (Persia was the Greek name for Iran, taken from the southwestern province of Fars; Reza Shah did not change the name of the country in the 1930s; rather he asked foreigners to use the indigenous name.) Iran had an important history and culture before the rise of Islam, with two major dynasties, the Achemenian, 559-330 B.C., and the Sasanian, A.D. 224-651, the latter lasting until Iran's conquest by the Muslim Arabs from A.D. 637 to 651. (In this book "Iran" denotes a land with about Iran's current boundaries; after the Muslim conquest, only the Mongols, the Safavids (1501-1722), and rulers since 1796 united this territory as one kingdom.)
Pre-Islamic Iran was fruitful in the development of religions, some of whose ideas and social content continued into Islamic times. The complex and varied religion called Zoroastrianism was characterized by a dualistic struggle between a good deity and an evil power in which the good was to win; and it also encompassed beliefs about rewards and punishments in the afterlife and interceding angels. Many scholars think Zoroastrianism influenced Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Another type of dualism, viewing matter as evil and spirit as good and praising renunciation of this world, characterized Manichaeism founded in Iraq (then an Iranian culture area) by the third century A.D. prophet Mani. The negative Manichaean attitude toward this world has been seen by some scholars as reflecting economic decline and inequities and the growth of a rigid class system. Manichaeans both before and after the rise of Islam were considered dangerous heretics and were often persecuted by rulers. A more radical Iranian offshoot of Manichaeism in the fifth and sixth centuries was founded by Mazdak, who is said to have preached communism of goods and, along with his large body of followers, revolted against the class rigidities, poverty, wars, and economic decline that characterized his period (and ultimately rendered the Muslim conquest of Iran relatively easy).
Themes of righteous battles between the forces of good and justice and those of evil and oppression, of the economically oppressed and their oppressors, thus go far back into pre-Islamic as well as Islamic times, as does emulation of martyr figures, who are found in the great pre-Islamic Iranian religions. Because of the nature of the documents that have survived, and also of the doctrinal interests of scholars, we know much more about religious doctrines than about the details of socioeconomic life in the past. Even religious documents carefully studied, however, can tell a great deal about the injustices and inequalities that sometimes aroused people centuries ago, much as they do today, to risk their lives for a better world. In the early Islamic centuries several social revolts combined pre-Islamic with Islamic ideas in Iran.
In some ways Iran's recent "Islamic Revival" is very new, with ideas never voiced before. In other ways it follows a long tradition in both Iran and in the Muslim world of expressing socioeconomic and cultural grievances in the only way familiar to most people-a religious idiom arraying the forces of good against the forces of evil and promising to bring justice to the oppressed.
Islam and Society
In Iran as elsewhere, the so-called Islamic Revival does not mean that most people are more religious than they used to be: for the majority the degree of religiosity shows no sign of significant change. Rather, it means that Islam is reentering politics and government in a stronger and more militant way than it had in most areas for many decades. Within this general trend, however, Iran is, to date, a special case, in having rule by a leader of the regular Islamic ulama (a word that in Twelver Shi'ism can be rendered by "clergy" as all believers must follow the rulings of one of their leaders). This difference between Iran's religiopolitical movement and that of other Muslim countries is based in part on the contrast between the way the two main divisions in Islam, the Shi'is of Iran and the Sunnis who rule most of the rest of the Muslim world, have developed. We speak here of development because there has been much more change and development in both Sunni and Shi'i theory and practice than is usually realized, and specifically because many points often made about Shi'ism are really only, or mainly, true during the past century or two. Although not nearly enough research has been done to allow any scholar to give a complete history of the relations between religion and politics in either Shi'ism or Sunnism, enough has been done to allow a general outline that suggests the directions of change in Sunnism and in Shi'ism. Some elements in recent Shi'i politics hark back to the earliest period of Islam, and so some understanding of that period, as well as of later Shi'i history, is necessary to the understanding of more recent events.
The intertwining of religion and politics, found in several religions, began in Islam with the Prophet Mohammad himself. Among his revelations, later gathered together in the Quran, were a large number that would generally be called political and/or legal. Particularly after the Prophet's migration from his home city of Mecca, where he met opposition, at the invitation of notables of the nearby Arabian city of Medina, which he increasingly ruled, Mohammad received governmental and legal revelations. He led his community politically as well as religiously. After his death in A.D. 632, most of his adherents followed the rule of the first three caliphs, or successors, who had in theory no power to alter the revealed religion. A minority felt that succession belonged to Mohammad's cousin and son-in-law Ali (Mohammad having had no living sons), and this originally political claim within a few generations took on religious content. The group who recognized elected caliphs but without granting them religious powers beyond the protection and spreading of Islam came to be called Sunnis (followers of the practice or sunna of the Prophet). The party or "Shi'a" of Ali insisted on the charismatic leadership of the male descendants of Ali and were called the Shi'is (adjective) or Shi'a (noun) and developed a variety of doctrines. At first the split was not as clear-cut as it was later made to seem. Ali was chosen as the fourth caliph, and is still revered by the Sunnis, but he succumbed, through battle, arbitration, and assassination, to the founder of the Umayyad caliphate (661-749). This was the first Sunni caliphate to adopt, in practice, hereditary succession, and was castigated by many pious Muslims, both Sunni and Shi'i, as an illegitimate despotism.
Behind these and later doctrinal developments were sociopolitical changes discussed by recent scholars. The most plausible theory regarding the seventh-century rise of Islam notes that Mecca and Medina, as relatively advanced trading and agricultural cities outside the direct sphere of the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires, were at the point of state formation and needed an ideology to help unify the urban populace and the nomadic tribes around them into a state. Within Mecca and Medina class divisions were replacing tribal solidarity and tribes no longer provided for their weak members. In Mecca the rise and fall of merchant fortunes and the development of a complex, class-divided economy demanded the creation of a legal and welfare system. A full explanation would be more complex, but these factors help explain the rise of Islam and its rapid conquest or winning over of Arabian tribes. In addition, the weakening of both Byzantine and Persian Empires through exacerbated class divisions, persecution of religions considered heretical, and frequent mutual warfare left Arab areas unusually free of their influence. Once Arab tribes adopted Islam they were bound no longer to engage in the raids that had kept population down and helped support many tribes. Tribes were still equipped for warfare and sought to make up what they had lost in raids. Mohammad's spreading of his religion and rule through wars against nearby tribes and the Meccans gave Islam a warlike precedent and theory, suggested by the word jihad or holy war. Contrary to what many believe, jihad was not meant to force conversion, and it appears that the concept of non-Arab Muslims did not occur to the earliest Muslims. Rather jihad aimed at extending the territory ruled by Muslims, while allowing inhabitants who were "People of the Book" (monotheists with a scripture) to keep their own religion in return for a special tax. This policy allowed the Arab Muslim armies to offer religious freedom to large Christian groups in greater Syria and Egypt treated as heretics by the Byzantine rulers, and hence to attain peaceful surrender from many Near Eastern cities. This, along with the internal conflicts and problems in the great empires, and the tactical superiority and enthusiasm of Arab armies, helps explain the expansion of these armies in a few decades as far as Spain in the west and Pakistan in the east.
The Arab armies' camp cities soon attracted local populations, whether Iranian, Egyptian, Iraqi, or other, and among them the demand arose for conversion to Islam. Along with conversion and contact there entered into some Muslim groups ideas with Iranian, Christian, Jewish, Manichaean, or other provenance. The Shi'is, who originally had few doctrinal differences with the Sunnis, were, as an oppositional group, more open to outside influences.
After the death of Ali and the resignation of a claim to rule by his first son, Hasan, Ali's second son, Hosain, put forth claims to leadership, but, with a small band of followers was massacred by an armed force under the orders of the Umayyad caliph Yazid in A.D. 680. This event, occurring on the tenth day (Ashura) of the first month (Moharram) of the Muslim year, became the great day of mourning and commemoration of the martyrdom of Hosain, with the previous nine days building up to it. One of Hosain's sons who survived was able to carry on the line of Shi'i leaders (imams), who were increasingly regarded by their followers as infallible.
Under the Umayyads began the religiopolitically sectarian character of Shi'ism. Various groups paid allegiance to different branches of Ali's descendants, or to men who invoked their name in leading revolts, often against the Umayyad caliphs. Certain ideas entered into Shi'ism more than Sunnism that Sunnis and moderate Shi'is labeled as "extremist," such as the incarnation of divinity in the imams, transmigration, and especially messianism. The Mahdi or "rightly guided one," who is not found in the Quran, entered particularly into Shi'ism, and Sunnism to a lesser degree, as the figure who will come at the end of time "to fill the world with justice and equity as it is now filled with injustice and oppression." This tag line suggests the social base of messianism: it appealed especially to the uprooted masses and lower middle classes who longed for the equity promised by the Quran but not realized under imperfect governments ruling for one or another social elite. A series of small Shi'i and semi-Shi'i revolts was crushed but Shi'i ideals remained.
The growing unpopularity of the Umayyads, who were closely tied to an early Arab aristocratic group and did not meet the needs of either the middle or the popular classes, led to an underground anti-Umayyad (Abbasid) movement in the first half of the eighth century that included Shi'i elements. Its propaganda was carried out so as to make Shi's believe that Ali's descendants would come to power if the movement succeeded, but when the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads in A.D. 749, the new caliphs were not in any Shi'i line and many Shi'i movements were suppressed.
Under the Abbasids (749-1256) the three different lines of Shi'ism that are considered its main divisions took shape. The smallest, moderate group, today predominant only in North Yemen, are the Zaidis or "Fivers," who revere their Fifth Imam. They follow a legal system similar to the Sunnis' and do not claim infallibility for their imams, which could bring conflict with the Sunni caliphs. The larger groups are the "Seveners" or Isma'ilis, and the "Twelvers" or Imamis. These two lines reflect a split in opinion over the legitimate successor to the great Sixth Imam, Ja'far as-Sadeq. The Isma'ilis, who opted for one son, Isma'il, do not believe that he was the last imam, but rather have a continuous line of living imams (although there are disagreements about which is the true line); and in one large group of Isma'ilis the line is alive in the person of the Agha Khan. In the early centuries the Isma'ilis were often radical, especially the Carmathian group of Isma'ilis who had a semicommunist ideology that served for a time as the basis of a state. Another Isma'ili group set up the Fatimid caliphate, which conquered Egypt in 969 and became a rival of the Abbasids. Emerging from the Fatimids was a group known in Europe under the pejorative nickname of "Assassins," although their attempts to reshape Muslim society in the eleventh to thirteenth centuries went beyond the idea of killings as a way to gain power. They lost much power after they were suppressed by the Mongols after the thirteenth-century Mongol invasions.
Excerpted from Modern Iran by Nikki R. Keddie Copyright © 2006 by Yale University. Excerpted by permission.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.


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The origin of the museum is from 1975, when Antonio Felmer Niklischek decides to organize an exhibition of objects related to colonization.
Antonio collected historical material house by house, collecting from agricultural machinery to photographs that reflect that time of the second half of the nineteenth century in southern Chile. The museum has trilingual staff (English, Spanish and German) who, using traditional clothing, guide each group or delegation.
The Antonio Felmer Museum is housed in an old and imposing barn of German colonial architecture, built at the beginning of the 20th century with noble native woods, both inside and outside, which were used by immigrants to build their homes.
The Museums infrastructure offers a cozy and comfortable atmosphere in three floors of galleries that cover decades of German colonization history. Surrounded by beautiful and well-tended gardens, it is an ideal place to visit with the whole family and enjoy the enchanting natural environment.

subset: commoncrawl


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Two firms who work in the Swindon area were crowned as among the 'best in the West' at the FSB 'Celebrating Small Business Awards 2019' held in Taunton this week.
The South West finals of the national FSB contest took place at Somerset County Cricket Ground on Thursday and were designed to find the best small businesses from Gloucestershire to Cornwall.
Among those winning recognition were the Dr Julian Medical Group, who won the Digital Innovation Award. They are run by Swindon hospital doctor Dr Julian Nesbitt which works providing online mental healthcare support in Bristol, Swindon and the wider South West. Also recognised were the Verelogic Group, from Swindon, who were shortlisted in the very competitive International Business of the Year Category.
Roger Tarrant, who is the FSB Regional Chairman for the South West, said the event highlighted the strength, creativity and wide-ranging nature of the local SME sector.
"It really was a fabulous day and it was amazing to hear all about the fantastic nominees. The businesses in the South West are just so diverse - they really do cover the whole spectrum. I hope we can now go on to see some South West winners at the national finals in London."
The full list for the South West area FSB Celebrating Small Business Award winners from 2019 is:
Business & Product Innovation Award: Ecosulis Ltd (Bath)
Family Business of the Year: Exmoor Zoo (Devon)
International Business of the Year: Rockit (N2M Limited) (Bristol)
Ethical Green Business: ARCO2 Architecture Ltd (Bodmin, Cornwall)
Start-up Business of the Year: Mooplehog (Oakhampton, Devon)
Digital Innovation Award: Dr Julian Medical Group (Bristol/Swindon)
Micro Business of the Year: Eternal Beauty UK Ltd (Taunton, Somerset)
Employer of the Year: Simpleweb Studio One (Bristol)
Scale Up Business of the Year: Local Food Links (Bridport, Dorset)
Community Award of the Year: Street factory cic (Plymouth, Devon)
Young Entrepreneur of the Year (under 30 years of age): Thomas Coppen of Keel Over Ltd (Bristol)
The South West final is one of 12 regional finals place across the UK taking place until March. For more details see www.fsbawards.co.uk


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On Saturday night, the Kingston Memorial Centre had a buzz unlike any regular season game this year. With the arena packed with players' friends and family for seniors night, honouring the Class of 2017 Gaels, the women's hockey team was looking to extend their seven-game winning streak to eight against the Laurentian Voyageurs. They rose to the occasion, defeating the Voyageurs 4-3 in a shootout.
Queen's got off to a slow start, trailing 2-0 at the end of the first as Laurentian pressured them throughout the period, outshooting Queen's 13-3. Goaltender Stephanie Pascal was again the difference maker, stopping 31 of 34 shots. Coach Matt Holmberg praised the "cool as a cucumber" Pascal most notably for her first period effort.
"In the first period when we weren't at our best, she was. That first period could have been 4-0 Laurentian and thankfully she held us in there while we worked things through."
The second period saw the Gaels bring a much stronger effort to the table, as they logged 13 shots and finally got on the board with a goal from Hailey Wilson amidst a scramble in front of Laurentian's net.
In the third, Queen's levelled the game early off a breakaway, scored by 2015-16 OUA rookie of the year Katrina Manoukarakis. With the period winding down and overtime seeming inevitable, Pascal was given a high floater that she failed to glove as Laurentian pounced on a rebound to make it 3-2.
Both teams sped up the pace in the final minutes until a Laurentian player intentionally dismantled her net to prevent a goal. After a short discussion, Queen's was awarded a penalty shot. Captain Jessica Wakefield was chosen to take it. Showing patience and beautiful hands, Wakefield deked the goalie out and roofed the puck into the top of the net, sending the Queen's bench and arena into pandemonium.
Overtime drew nothing, and in the shootout Wakefield scored again while Pascal shut the door on all three shots, giving the Gaels the win.
In the wake of their eighth consecutive win, coach Holmberg was still critical of his team, saying "there's been a little bit of an alarming trend that we haven't been able to start games well." Holmberg still drew positivity from the start in the comeback made by the Gaels.
"What the team is starting to show is that we have the confidence to realize, okay, we've got another two periods, let's just hunker down, play our game and good things will happen," Holmberg said. "The team is starting to establish a pretty nice identity as a team that stays in every game and won't quit until the last buzzer."
The streak couldn't have been more welcome to the Gaels. Prior to the eight games, Queen's held a 4-6 record and signs of progress were far and few between. Now, there's a new level of excitement surrounding the team, especially with the CIS championships approaching.
Holmberg described the team's positive outlook, saying, "[the Gaels] are developing that identity and there's a good feeling in the dressing room about that right now."
With six games remaining, the Gaels hit the road for two weeks and will return home for their final two games, hoping to finish strong. They currently sit in fourth in the OUA, closely following Toronto for the third spot as the season begins to wind down.
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Warholm scoops three awards at the Idrettsgalla
The accolades keep on rolling in for reigning world 400m hurdles champion Karsten Warholm who was the big winner at last night's Idrettsgalla ("the Sports Gala") which was staged at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre.
Warholm won the Rising Star crown at the European Athletics Golden Tracks award ceremony in Vilnius, Lithuania last October and claimed the same award at the IAAF Awards in Monaco one month later.
His performances over the last twelve months were recognised domestically last night as he claimed three awards at the annual ceremony. He was named Male Athlete of the Year across all sports, beating an athletics-heavy shortlist which included world 1500m bronze medallist Filip Ingebrigtsen and European marathon record-holder Sondre Nordstad Moen.
Warholm also won the highly regarded Athletes' Prize - based solely on votes from top athletes from across all sports in Norway - and he also prevailed in a public vote. Warholm's coach Leif Olav Alnes was also recognised at the award ceremony where he was named Coach of the Year.
The highlight of Warholm's season was the IAAF World Championships where he became the youngest ever winner of the 400m hurdles title, clocking 48.25 to defeat reigning European champion Yasmani Copello from Turkey and Olympic champion Kerron Clement.
Warholm also won the European U23 title in Bydgoszcz in a championship record of 48.37, just one day after winning silver in the 400m. He broke the 49-second barrier on seven occasions, finishing his international season with a second place finish in the Zurich Diamond League with a national record of 48.22.
One of Warholm's aims next year is to break the 48-second barrier, a feat only achieved by ten European athletes. "I think it's realistic and I'm training to find out if it's realistic. The only way to figure it out is just to do it really," he said.


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The projects you will be working on will be focused around Stormwater drainage and Slab design using 12D and AutoCAD.
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Mikhaella Norwood
An energetic fireball. Mikhaella is full of creativity, lathered in wisdom. Her personable approach and positive attitude has caused hundreds to gravitate to experience the wonderful treasures inside of her heart.
Executive Producer
Partner | Co-Host |
Writer | Performer
Mikhaella Norwood's (Detroit native) segment entitled, "Mimi's Free 3" features a series of three tips aimed at bringing a new perspective to some of the everyday struggles that viewers face. In addition, Ms. Norwood hosts "2 The Streets" segment where her advice takes a practical spin, as viewers put her advice to the test!
Through candid interviews, new adventures, and playing games with each episode's guest star, Mikhaella will inspire this generation to unlock their potential through fun and exciting interaction.
Mikhaella's other noteable accomplishments include:
- Performing for the Detroit Piston's Halftime Show on Martin Luther King Day.
- TEDx Talk – "Blossoming: Keys to Fruitful Living".
- Debuted original poetry piece, "Detroit: The New Sound of Motown" at TEDxDetroit in October 2018.
- 2019's Motown Mic Artist of the Year.


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Here is the Karnataka Forest RFO Previous Papers of last years exams are uploaded by the Karnataka Forest Department. People registered for this Range Forest Officer posts, those can download the KFD RFO Question Papers pdf very easily through our page. Practice the Karnataka Forest Department RFO Question Papers to acquire a good score in the exam. We have given the RFO Karnataka Model Papers along with the Key so that job seekers will not search for the key.
Post Details
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Karnataka Forest RFO Previous Papers
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Karnataka Forest Department RFO Question Papers
|Name Of Organization
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|Update soon
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Here is the Karnataka Forest RFO Previous Papers which is for the candidates who are already applied for this publication. That candidate can download the RFO Karnataka Question Papers through the online official website or from our website and we give the applicants direct link for downloading the KFO Range Forest Officer Old Question Paper. While practicing these papers contenders can check the latest Karnataka Government Job Updates here.
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|200 Questions
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KFD RFO Previous Question Papers
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Homeland Security Events Manager
EMPD-Emergency Mgmt Program Development Session #3
The Emergency Management Program Development course provides a comprehensive overview of the statutory requirements and professional duties of today's emergency manager. Developed and delivered by practitioners in four separate 6 hour sessions, the course is an opportunity for peer to peer learning through lecture as well as task-oriented coaching. Technical and soft skill development in the areas of administration, planning, resource management, training, and exercises are included. Topics covered: Local Governance, Hazard Analysis, Planning and Professional Development
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Ryan Leaf doesn't recommend going to prison for nearly three years to get sober.
But, he also believes "going to prison in 2012 was the best thing that ever happened to me."
That's because his 32-month stint in a Montana correctional facility would be the beginning of the end of what he describes as "about an eight-year run of off-and-on opioid abuse that took my life to the very bottom."
And for those unfamiliar with his background — that was a mighty fall.
It's a storyLeaf, 40, will be sharing Thursday at a free event sponsored by the Boys and Girls Clubs of Palm Beach County (see box).
Standout athlete
A multisport star athlete growing up in his native Montana, Leaf had a stellar collegiate career as quarterback of the Washington State Cougars. A finalist for the 1997 Heisman Trophy, Leaf was the second overall pick in the 1998 NFL Draft — and many observers believed the 6-foot, 5-inch, 235-pounder was a superior prospect to the one taken one spot ahead of him: Peyton Manning.
Didn't quite turn out that way.
The combination of injuries, immaturity and insufficient dedication led to him being out of the NFL by 2002 — and infamously being labeled by NFL Films as the all-time No. 1 "draft bust."
"Even though I hadn't taken my first Vicodin yet, during my NFL career I was already behaving like an addict — the narcissism, the arrogance, the defensiveness and unwillingness to listen to people who were trying to help me," Leaf says.
His professional — and very public — failure only exacerbated his deep-seated fear and insecurity.
He tried to hide his self-doubt with egotism, condescension and false bravado.
"I was such an a—hole," he says.
Once he discovered in 2004 that combining alcohol and opioids numbed his emotional pain, it was only a matter of time before he'd spiral downward.
He'd periodically try to get clean — even going to rehab in 2008 and educating himself about addiction — but would always relapse.
By 2009, he'd be arrested for several drug-related crimes and put on probation — which he would violate with more drug-related crimes in 2012, leading to revocation of his probation and the 32-month stay in prison.
"That was when I was forced to get clean — and had my life transformed by my cellmate."
Helping others
One day, Leaf recalls, he was "grumbling about something or other" when his cellmate — a veteran of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq who was serving a decade-long sentence for DUI vehicular manslaughter — said to him, "You don't understand the value you have, do you? You can use it — with the guys in here and when you get out."
The cellmate convinced Leaf to join him in teaching fellow prisoners how to read. And, Leaf says, "a light went off. For the first time in my life, I was doing something for other people instead of myself — and it felt really good."
In place of the narcissism, he says, he began to experience genuine empathy and compassion for the people he was helping.
He also participated in self-help support groups and therapy sessions to better understand how "my selfish thinking and decision-making sabotaged my behavior, hurt others and led to my being imprisoned."
By the time he was released from prison in 2015, Leaf knew he wanted to be an advocate for those struggling with addiction, substance abuse and behavioral/mental health issues.
For the past two years, he's been an "ambassador" for Transcend, a sober living community with locations nationwide.
For Leaf, speaking to and supporting others struggling with addiction help him maintain his own sobriety.
As does a strictly structured schedule: "Every day, I'm up at 6 a.m., in the gym by 7 a.m. and at the office by 9 a.m."
He also regularly attends self-help meetings, support groups and therapy sessions.
Engaged and expecting his first child in October, Leaf says, "My life has never been better and I know now that I was never meant to be an NFL quarterback. My journey has led me to a place where hopefully I can help others avoid making the same mistakes I did."
And as for regrets?
"I wouldn't change anything that's happened to me — but man, I do wish I had been nicer to people."


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Home Grown NZ – Cultivating Relationships Through Food, Craft and Agriculture
Home Grown is an experience company owned and operated by a small cluster of families striving towards lives of simplicity and cooperation in a rural context. Over the years we have sought to intentionally participate in life together, learning new skills in craft and agriculture in a relational context. These authentic, grass-roots experiences are bringing a richness and joy into our lives that we want to share. Home Grown, cultivating relationships through food, craft and agriculture.
togetherness. noun.
a feeling of closeness or affection from being united with other people
Companionship often begins or develops around food, the word "companion" can literally be translated "with bread". Therefore, it's no surprise that "Family Style" meals, serving one another from dishes set out on the table, provide a wonderful context for getting to know each other. Home Grown is pleased to offer the The Saturday Night Dinner Experience at Hansen's Cafe and Store, a complete hand-crafted meal that caters to just 55 by-reservation dinner guests. The family style format does not require your party to be a family, you can be single and still participate in the style of eating that makes room for conversation and laughter. We've found that this meal format invites people who are open, engaging and interested in getting to know others. Depending on the size of your group, you may share a table with one or more other groups. Often three couples who formally did not know one another will sit together and become fast friends by the end of the evening.
Our October 20th event is an Italian Evening with the following menu:
Apertivo – Gingerino, a fresh ginger and citrus sparkler
Antipasto – Stuffed Mushroom with breadcrumbs and parmesan cream cheese
Piatto Principale – Herb Crusted Free Range Chicken Breast with spinach, sundried tomato, artichoke hearts and mozerella, Riscossa Pasta and Alfredo Sauce, Caeser Salad, Green Beans Amandine, Garlic Breadsticks
Dolce – Baked Sour Cream and Passionfruit Cheesecake
Digestivo – Mulled Spiced Berry Toddy (non-alcoholic)
Cost – $49pp ($22.50 children 12 and under)
Join us on October 20th by booking here.
Craft – the art of work. Many daily work activities can become craft by simple applying care and skill. Home Grown offers "make your own" workshops run by members of our families in traditional crafts such as woodwork and basket weaving as well as in many of the skills needed in the home.
Our workshops are held on Saturdays and are limited to just six people per workshop. They run from 10am until 5pm and include lunch and afternoon tea. The two options for October 20th are all-natural soap making and making an oversized clock from historic American barn board.
Oversized Authentic American Barn Board Clock
Join Eddie as he teaches you how select and layout your authentic American barn boards to create your own character time piece. These oversized clocks tell a story as well as the time and will complement your kitchen, lounge or dining room. This class is best attended by those who have some comfort using power tools but this is not necessary. Eddie will work with your skill level, offering assistance to help you through each stage of the process.
Date: October 20th, 10am – 5pm
Cost: $399 (limited to 6 participants)
All Natural Hard and Liquid Soaps
Join Tressa as she teaches you how to make a batches of hard and liquid all-natural soaps. You'll take home your own cake of hard soap, along with supplies to make another and also a quality soap pump and refill. Soap making is the perfect craft for those who
Date: October 20th, 10am – 5pm
Cost: $269 (limited to 6 participants)
The families at Home Grown are discovering a life rhythm linked to the land. Through growing vegetables, raising animals and working the land together we are beginning to move at a different pace, with priorities based on the "times and seasons". Along with the seasonal ebbs and flows, cooperative agrarian efforts with family and friends are restorative to both our minds and our relationships. The seasonal cycles of authentic, small scale horticulture and animal husbandry can provide a mooring and a rhythm for the whole of life. We offer classes that link to the land but also incorporate agricultural experiences into our weekend retreat package. We're currently completing the content of our
Weekend Retreat Packages
We've bundled accomodation, food and experience together in the hopes of provide a truely restorative weekend. We know that just one night away is not enough so our hope is that you can arrive on Friday night and leave on Sunday afternoon. Our Weekend Packages are timed to coordinate with the Hansen's Cafe Saturday Night Dinner Experience and will include crafts that vary from weekend to weekend. Please visit our "Packages" page to make your reservation.
The Heritage Retreat Tiny Home and Glamorous Camping Site are located in Kimbolton Village


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To learn more about the current Corona Virus situation in SA, please use this link: https://sacoronavirus.co.za/category/press-releases-and-notices/
I am Elsabe Hunter and my mission is to help middle-aged people (40+) such as myself, who may be struggling with medical conditions, to build a stronger body and improve quality of life with mobility and fitness. Having done this for myself, I know it is also possible for you!
Click here to read more about my own journey.
For specialist help with your fitness training by a trainer who deeply understands your journey, please contact me on e-mail or whatsapp me on ++27826562711. I offer the following comprehensive solutions to suit your needs:
If you are wondering if you should be exercising with your medical condition, please feel free to contact me on e-mail or WhatsApp me on ++27826562711 to discuss your options.
I have experience in successfully training clients with a wide variety of medical conditions, including, but not limited to:
- Abdominal Adhesions
- Abdominal Surgery
- Aplastic Anaemia
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- Cancer
- Diabetes
- Heart surgery
- Hemi-hypertrophy
- Hip replacement
- Hyperthyroidism & Hypothyroidism
- Obesity
- Osteopenia / Osteoporosis
- Perimenopause
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Scoliosis
- Spinal Fusion / Disc replacement
- Stroke


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You save money – We save lives
Who is Catholic Values Ltd?
Catholic Values is an independent company made up of individuals promoting the dignity of human life.
Why does Catholic Values exist?
We're here to generate funds for charities seeking to uphold the dignity of human life from conception to natural death.
What service does Catholic Values provide?
We've teamed up with Beatthatquote.com, a price comparison website, to bring you a service where you can buy a variety of financial products and utilities - eg. Car insurance, mortgages, loans, credit cards, savings, gas and electricity – and generate funds for our chosen charities at the same time.
So how does Catholic Values generate funds?
Together with Beatthatquote, we generate commission from the transactions you make. At least 90% of the commission catholicvalues.co.uk receive will be passed on to charity.
What would ordinarily happen to commissions generated?
They'd go entirely to the price comparison website you used. The beauty of using catholicvalues.co.uk is that instead the commission gets diverted to our charities.
Am I getting value for money in my transactions?
Without question. Our partner in this venture, Beatthatquote.com is already a leading player in this market and have access to the best deals around. But don't take our word for it, have a try yourself.
Will I know how the money raised is distributed?
Yes, absolutely. Catholic Values Ltd has a board of directors who will meet quarterly to decide which charities to support. Shortly afterwards a newsletter will be published informing registered users how funds will be and have been allocated.
How do charities get involved?
How does the general public get in touch with Catholic Values Ltd?
Which organisations do you support?
We will support any charity that steps forward to tell us about their campaigns and projects promoting the dignity of human life. No single organisation receives preferential treatment. Each request for funds will be assessed by the directors.
Where's the catch?
Really, there's no catch. We're just trying to use the world of online purchases to support worthy causes. All you have to do is buy financial products and utilities through our website and commission we generate will go to the charities chosen.
Are you open to any suggestions to take the service forward?
Anything else I should know?
No that's it, except to say please tell your friends about us. Lives depend on it.


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Attain Unlimited Resources With Monster Legends Tricks
Monster Legends is one of the best online games that provide lots of entertaining content. It is a 2D game in which game players train their monsters to defeat the opponents. In the game, game players are able to unlock more than 100 monsters. There are two ways of unlocking a monster, first is breeding. If you are choosing this particular then you are required to mix two different monsters. As a result new one appears in front of you. This monster may be useless or beneficial. The second way is to buy them from in-app game store. In this way, you need to spend some amount of gems. As we know that, in the game, there is not any type of source that producing gems. The earning of gems is very hard; on the other hand, game players need monsters. Here the use of Monster Legends Cheats is perfect way to get lots of gems and unlock new monsters.
Need of using Monster Legends gems generator
If you are playing the Monster Legends game then you know the importance of gems. There are two ways for getting gems instantly in gaming account. The first way is to visit the in-app store of game and spends real life money. In this way, you get amount of gems as per requirement but its cost is very high. Now the second way, in this way you should use visit to this website it's a website community which makes it easy to get gems and other resources for the game. It saves the money of users by providing the desired value of gems without charge money from them. Users need to visit the official website of this particular gold generator and follow a simple process to get credit. The best thing about the generator is its use is completely undetectable.
Role of gems in Monster Legends
The Gems is most important currency in the game. With the help of this premium currency, game players are able to complete their every work without any type of problem. If you are stuck in any condition amount of food or gold is less than requirement then you are able to pay gems in place to them. Game players can easily convert gems into food or gold such as;
•75 gems for 140,000 Food
•30 gems for 200,000 Gold
You can say that with the help of gems you are able to solve any type of problem. With the huge amount of gems, game players are able to play the game effectively and quickly. Now the question is how to get lots of gems and the use of Monster Legends Hacks is answer to the question.
Use of Monster Legends guide
When any game players reach the higher levels of game then he feels the lack of resources. It is common problem among game players. If you are playing the Monster Legends then Monster Legends guide is available to overcome the problem. Use of the cheat tool is very easy and not any type of specific knowledge is required to avail its services. With the help of this specific tool, users are able to get huge amount of gaming currency such as; gold, food, and gems.
Update : Also read more about games and their guides here.
New Game Nba Live Mobile
You can also try out sports games like nba live mobile game which is basically a football game you can play online on your mobile device. It is online game so you have to make progress in the game which will save on secured servers of the game. By the way there is a hack tool for nba live mobile game you can obtain to cheat in the game by using free resources which can be earned in the game itself. The whole detail of getting free resources for the game is given here. You can follow these steps and enjoy free nba gaming for the rest of your life.
Also, there is no wonder that me you and everyone else is trying to get free gold for marvel strike force and win every battle in it.


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The Egg Donation Process
Have you contemplated becoming an egg donor? If so, you probably have many questions about what to expect during the egg donation process.
When you become a donor at The Egg Donor & Surrogacy Program, our team will be by your side to guide you through every step of your journey.
Find out how our Los Angeles, CA, program's unique egg donor process helps us connect with the most qualified candidates...
The Egg Donation Process EIGHT SIMPLE STEPS TOWARDS HELPING A LOVING FAMILY
The following is a guide to help you understand what to expect during the egg donor process. Please also refer to Cycle Summary for an explanation of the medical process. The Egg Donor & Surrogacy Program in Los Angeles, CA, is committed to standing by you during the entire process. We will be there to guide and support you every step of the way.
STEP ONE - Social Screening
Social Screening
When your final egg donor application is completed and accepted at our Los Angeles office, we will contact you within 48 hours to arrange a phone or an in person interview. We will enjoy getting to know you and hearing about your family and your life's dreams and we will carefully explain the medical procedures. After this interview you will be asked to have your profile put on our password protected website and will likely be matched very soon with a loving couple. Supplying a number of diverse photographs of you and possibly your family members is a key factor to being matched.
STEP TWO - Being Chosen
Being Chosen
It is a wonderful feeling to know that you have the honor of helping someone to achieve their dream. We will give you reassuring information about your couple who will have been screened and interviewed by our staff. We may be the only agency in Los Angeles or elsewhere to turn down prospective couples who are not ready to be intended parents. After you agree to participate you will be given paperwork to sign and asked to have your blood drawn on Day 3 of your menstrual cycle in order to measure your fertility.
STEP THREE - Psychological Screening
Psychological Screening
Your emotional health is an important consideration to exclude the presence of psychiatric disease which could be inherited by a child. You will be asked to take a standardized psychological test which consists of many true and false questions. This test will be scored by a professional psychologist.
STEP FOUR - Genetic Report
Genetic Report
The Egg Donor & Surrogacy Program in Los Angeles offers a genetic screening of chosen egg donors. A Board Certified Geneticist will interview you over the phone, take your family history, construct a family tree, and write a report which we will be happy to share with you. Please be prepared with as much information as possible regarding your family history and be aware that our Geneticist may ask you to provide more information from family members regarding medical history (It is not required that you disclose to anyone the fact that you are donating). You will also be tested for common genetic diseases. This is a wonderful opportunity to receive important health history for yourself.
STEP FIVE - Medical Screening
Medical Screening
Day 3 FSH Test
Please keep track of your menstrual cycle even before you are chosen, particularly the day of onset. Frequently the reproductive Physician will request a blood test and possibly an ultrasound, on the third day of your menses. This test can be an indicator of your current fertility. It is extremely important to inform The Egg Donor & Surrogacy Program and your physician's office immediately when your period starts, even if this occurs over the weekend. If the blood test is not done exactly on the third day the cycle can be delayed by a month.
Medical Interview
The Reproductive Specialist at the office where you are chosen will Interview you and take your health history and explain the procedure.
Medical Testing
The FDA requires a panel of infectious disease screenings for all Egg Donors. This includes the following screenings:
- Sexually transmitted diseases
- Hepatitis
- Pap Smear
- Urine Drug Screen
- Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Screening
- Vaginal ultrasound of the ovaries
STEP SIX - Legal Contract
Legal Contract
All egg donations include a legal contract between an egg donor and intended parents to define parental rights. These contracts are usually signed on separate pages to protect anonymity. As an egg donor working with our Los Angeles agency, you will be offered expert legal counsel, which is paid for by the Program, in order to help you understand the document you will be asked to sign giving up your legal rights to the eggs which are retrieved from your body.
STEP SEVEN - Cycle Begins
Cycle Begins
You will begin to synchronize your cycle with the patient using your eggs by taking Birth Control Pills for about 10 days and then usually about 21 days of a series of fertility hormones which are administered at home by you or a friend through injections with small gauge needles. During the treatment phase of the cycle, you will be asked to make several brief visits(normally 4-6) to the physician's office for morning monitoring which include a blood draw and vaginal sonograms to monitor your egg.
STEP EIGHT - The Egg Retrieval
The Egg Retrieval
The Egg Retrieval, also called Trans Vaginal Aspiration, takes place in the morning and last about 30 minutes. The eggs are recovered vaginally. You will be sedated for this procedure with "Twilight Sedation", so you may not drive yourself home. With an ultrasound as a guide, the eggs are retrieved through the vaginal wall via a large needle and an aspiration process, which recovers the eggs from the top of the ovary where they have matured in small follicles. You will have a short recovery period in the office afterwards. It is recommended that you spend the rest of the day quietly at home. Most women feel fine afterwards and the next day you may return to normal activity. You should get a period in about 2 weeks. You are still fertile and able to conceive that month so be sure to use protection if you have intercourse.
******Please note that although we are quite familiar with the process, we are not a physician's office. Therefore we will ask you to rely on the explanations and instructions given to you by the medical experts who treat you.
The Egg Donor & Surrogacy Program
The Egg Donor & Surrogacy Program has been helping families grow for nearly three decades by providing personalized attention. We can help you:
If you are interested in building your family or helping others achieve their dreams, please call us at (818) 791-1430 or request a consultation online.


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HA NOI (VNS) — This week, the State Securities Commission (SSC) will hold a meeting with the two local exchanges, companies and investors to provide instructions to implement decree 60, issued in June to raise foreign ownership in Vietnamese companies.
That meeting, with some market moves, is expected to help the VN Index and the HNX Index gain this week. The decree had positive impacts on the market in July.
The BIDV Securities Corporation (BSC) predicted that the stock market would likely continue to fluctuate this week to test the benchmark of 600 points.
BSC said that the market could stay above the benchmark if foreign investors remained as net buyers like they were last week.
Viet Dragon Securities Corporation (VDSC) said that the decline of the market had been controlled, but it was not known if it would rise or not.
The company recommended that investors be cautious with market movements this week.
The national stock market decreased sharply last week, especially export companies, after discussions at the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) failed to come to agreement.
That negative information not only affected exporting companies, but also had bad impacts on blue chips and large-cap shares through the week, resulting in strong selling by shareholders.
But positive progress in the discussion of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Viet Nam and the European Union as well as coming instructions for implementing decree 60 in August helped the market to remain under the testing benchmarks on both bourses.
At the end of last week, the VN Index on the HCM Stock Exchange lost more than 17 points to 603.7 points and the HNX Index on Ha Noi Stock Exchange dropped 1.47 per cent to 83.88 points.
The local indices had a rough week. Both had three declining sessions and two improving ones.
Securities investors were more cautious with their investments, resulting in lower market liquidity compared to the previous week.
On both local markets, a total of 736 million shares were traded worth VND12.22 trillion (US$560.55 million), a decrease of 10.5 per cent in volume and 16 per cent in value compared to the previous week.
Foreign investment last week reached a total net buy value of VND270.4 billion ($12.4 million) on both bourses, including VND239.4 billion ($11 million) on the HCM market. However, it did not focus on leading shares and did not have high purchasing value in either session – except the last one.
On the southern bourse, Petrovietnam Power Nhon Trach 2 Joint Stock Company (NT2) and Sai Gon Securities Incorporation (SSI) received the highest foreign investments.
On the northern market, total foreign purchases amounted to VND31 billion ($1.42 million) with the focus on PetroVietnam Coating Joint Stock Company (PVB), VNDirect Securities JSC (VND), TNG Investment and Trading JSC (TNG) and Petrolimex Petrochemical Corporation JSC (PLC).
On the market, 15 of 23 sectors declined. Insurance companies had the highest drop with a decline of 9.33 per cent in market value, followed by the banks with a drop of 4.63 per cent in market value.
Steel producers were the best gainers with a rise of 4.5 per cent in market values.
Speculative shares such as property developer FLC Group (FLC), Duc Long Gia Lai Group Joint Stock Company (DLG) and Ocean Group Joint Stock Company (OGC) still attracted a lot of investments.
Limitations removed
The State Securities Commission (SSC) will hold a seminar this week to provide market participants and businesses with detailed information about Decree 60 on foreign ownership limits.
SSC vice chairman Nguyen Thanh Long made this announcement during an online conference on the website chinhphu.vn late last week. The meeting is expected to take place on August 13.
Decree 60, issued on June 26, 2015 and comes into force on September 1, will remove limitations on foreign ownership in the securities market.
This is a much-watched issue that has attracted attention from the investor community but, to date, the regulation on sectors that are conditional for foreign investment remain unclear. The market is awaiting the circular providing guidelines to implement the decree.
"Under the Ministry of Finance's direction, the commission has completed guiding circulars and will hold a seminar on Thursday to provide the details," Long said.
"Guiding circulars will be issued soon in the near future."
According to Decree 60, the foreign ownership ratio will adhere to specific laws and international treaties, to which Viet Nam is a member. However, the breakthrough provided by this decree is the full removal of the foreign ownership cap, which is currently limited to 49 per cent in public companies.
Further, companies will be allowed to determine the percentage of foreign holding in its charter of operation.
Those conditional businesses that have not specifically regulated foreign ownership limits will have the current maximum ownership of 49 per cent to be temporarily applied.
Other businesses, such as banks, will continue to have foreign ownership limited by specific regulations.
"The introduction of Decree 60 is the most brilliant offer to foreign investors," said Vo Tri Thanh, deputy director of the Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM).
Thanh said the decree was issued at the right time, as Viet Nam is integrating more deeply into the world, which contributed to ongoing legal reforms in the country.
However, though the decree is laying a very good foundation to attract foreign capital, analysts said the core issue was still the businesses, themselves.
Long noted that foreign investors pay much attention to operations of companies, corporate transparency and efficiency. — VNS
According to Le Anh Tuan, chief economist and deputy general director at Dragon Capital, foreigners often complain about the lack of information about companies.
"Financial reports and other documents from companies are available, mostly in Vietnamese. Therefore, if they have an investment plan, foreign investors must seek information by themselves," Tuan said. — VNS
He also emphasized that the first thing that may interest foreign investors was a company's transparency and determination of its board of directors to improve their business.
Additionally, SSC's vice chairman Nguyen Thanh Long said the relaxation of the foreign ownership limit would result in spillover effects that could help lift the Vietnamese stock market's position from being labeled as a "frontier market" to an "emerging market".
With the higher level of development, the domestic market would likely draw more foreign capital and part of it would be channeled into small – and medium-sized companies. – VNS


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Dear Invasion/T4F,
Let me start by saying that I love and enjoy your game. However that being said, some things seriously need to change from your end. Mostly with communication to your customer/player base. The vagueness and sheer lack of details that you put out regarding new features and changes is infuriating.
Here are some examples:
What exactly is a certain amount of days ago? What is a certain period? Do you know? If you don't, or haven't figured out that number yet, why are you implementing a half thought out idea? If you do know, why are you not sharing that information with the people that keep your game running? I am not a jumper, but if I was, and I paid money to your company for my account to have everything I was going to need to jump, I would be quite upset at the lack of details that literally just changed the game that I paid money for. Some people spend MONTHS building their jumper bases and several jumpers I know always make sure to have VIP4 before they jump. It is their strategy. So now you have customers/players who have paid in at minimum $40+ per base and MONTHS of their time building a base, and units, that no longer suites the strategy they laid out.1. Old Players (Character created a certain amount of days ago) will not be able to teleport to new zones.
2. After the New Zone has been open for a certain period, teleporting will then be open.
3. New Players (character created within a certain amount of days) will not be restricted and can teleport to new Zones.
What "rewards"? They are not rewards. The Shooting ground is a luck based lottery system. You spend 500 chips and you get anything between a 3 minute speed up and diamonds. No rhyme or reason for how the "rewards" are dealt out. Just the same RNG that has failed at rss tile assignment. In game it says "after every 10 targets hit, get a big ticket item." But I do not consider a 15 or 30 minute speed up a big ticket item. How do you?-Added Shooting Ground, consume Simulator Chips to gain rewards.
What is the purpose of this guild feature? How does it work? What rewards can be gained? Are there different rewards for different types of units? Are the rewards amplified if you send your Commander? Why can't you be in the Maneuver Base and in the Guild Mine at the same time?-Added Guild Building: Maneuver Base, assign troops to maneuver and gain rewards.
Increased the Gathering Speed by how much? Is the increased speed proportionate to the damage it will cause the Resource Bank when it no longer yields the 10% Bonus? And the Super Mines are on Guild Territory, why shouldn't it add to the Resource Bank? What is the reasoning behind this change? Are you trying to destroy small guilds? Force small guilds to merge with bigger ones?-Increased the Gathering Speed of the Guild Super Mine. Guild Super Mines will no longer yield resource to the Resource Bank.
These are just a small fraction of what you have left us in the dark about. I understand that as the game grows, the need for changes will arise. But your lack of CLEAR communication is concerning. If you can't answer every question with clear, concise, and confident answers, then you are doing something wrong. And if you can answer every question with clear, concise, and confident answers, then it becomes a question of why are you not communicating with us BEFORE these changes are made so we can adjust our game play accordingly???
A lot of us support your game financially because we love the game, but at what point do we stop and hold you accountable for changing a product that we have purchased? We hold up our end of the transaction every time we log in and play. We hold up our end every time we buy a package, whether it is a $0.99 or a $99.99 package. And even those who do not support you financially, support your game by playing and spreading the word to their friends and family about what a great game it is.
The time for better communication is NOW. It needs to start NOW. Invasion/T4F needs to be THE reliable source of information about EVERY aspect of the game. About EVERY change, no matter how minor, IN ADVANCE.


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See information above.
Beautiful blue and deep maroon accents (very narrow splints) on this sweetgrass and ash basket by a master Penobscot basketmaker.
4 1/2″ high, including finial x 4 1/2″ diameter
Out of stock
See information above.
|4 lbs
|8 × 8 × 8 in
Home & Away Gallery represents living artists who honor their cultural traditions. We delight in the work of artists whose vision allows them to step beyond tradition into unexplored territory, continuing the evolution of their culture's artwork that has taken place over hundreds or even thousands of years. We personally select all the work in our gallery and we will be happy to search for specific work to fill your needs. Above all, we value the relationships we develop through our gallery: relationships with customers as well as relationships with artists.
© Copyright 2019 DAASH, LLC dba Home & Away Gallery


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There are three days left to make your submissions on the Carbon Tax Repeal Bills until it is due on November 4, 2013.
The repeal bills will remove the carbon tax, and end the tax on synthetic greenhouse gases from July 1, 2014.
If the Parliament doesn't pass the carbon tax repeal bills until after July 1, 2014, it will take effect retrospectively from July 1, 2014.
Liable businesses and entities have to pay their carbon price liabilities under the current law until the end of this financial year on June 30, 2014.
Under the legislation, the Climate Change Authority will be abolished.
The legislation will give the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) further powers to take action against businesses that engage in price exploitation following the repeal of the carbon tax.
Carbon tax industry assistance, including the Jobs and Competitiveness Program, will continue until June 30, 2014 to assist affected businesses.
With the release of the draft repeal bills, businesses have an opportunity to comment on the specific details of the repeal process.
If you haven't make your submissions in response to the to the Terms of Reference, take your action now. You can make a submission by email: email@example.com
Also, RACCA would be more than happy to assist industry members and contractors in the submissions and in matters of national legislation and regulation.


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Getting Started in Forex
Getting started as a forex trader is arguably considerably easier than it is for a CFD trader, or a trader interested in share dealing. As financial markets go, the barriers to entry in terms of capital are comparatively low, and the range of information you need to understand and research is much more limited. As a result, you generally need to spend less time and money to get yourself to the stage where you can realistically think about trading in forex. Here's what you need before you can think about getting started.
A Demo Trading Account
The first thing you need before you can consider investing you own money in the markets is experience. Not experience in the sense of trading the markets over ups and downs per se, but the experience of using a forex trading platform, the experience of executing trades, and the experience of testing out different positions in a safe, risk free environment. The best way to achieve this level of experience before you hit the markets for real is through a demo trading account. A demo account is essentially an account with a forex broker that allows you to trade the real markets in real time, only with virtual currency. This enables you to become familiar with the markets and how to trade without losing any money in the process – a bonus, and a must-have for any new trader.
Trading Capital
While demo trading is all well and good, you're going to need to get yourself to a stage where you have some capital to invest in the markets for real. With forex trading, this doesn't have to be an astronomical sum. Bear in mind that when you're trading the forex markets, you're effectively trading on as much as 99.8% leverage. That means you only need to cover 0.2% of your trading account, so it can be possible to have a notionally decent trading account with much less of a capital outlay in the first instance. Remember in any event that you should only trade what you can afford to lose, given the risky nature of the forex markets.
A Forex Trading Account
In addition to accessible capital to trade, you also need a trading account through which to access the markets and actually execute your orders. Choosing a forex account and a broker is a more time consuming and complex task that it might appear on the face of things, and as a highly competitive market there is legwork to be done to find the best deal. And it's worth doing – the differences between the most expensive providers and the cheapest providers are considerable when multiplied over a number of transactions, so you owe it to yourself to find the best deal and effectively the lowest handicap to your overall profits.
A Diary
A diary is a wise investment at this stage, or even an electronic calendar will suffice. There are certain weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual events and announcements you need to take note of, where interest rates are being set for example, or where other instances of importance to currency values occur. These happen on pre-published dates, and it's important that as you uncover these in your research, you make a note of when announcements are being made and when data is being released so you can keep on top of your trading decisions in the run up to it. This will help you keep track of everything that's going on that concerns your portfolio.
A Strategy
You also need a strategy in place if you're hoping to get started trading with any success. A strategy is what sets your trading in context and gives you the ability to set and reach targets on a consistent basis. Strategies take out much of the research work involved in finding profitable trading opportunities, by setting defined ways in which you can trade. For example, if you're employing a day trading strategy, you will be necessarily looking for the most wide-ranging trends over the shortest period of time, because of the requirements of your strategy. Strategies give guidance and support to your trading, and are pivotal in your long-term success.


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Continuum Fortify Trial:Get the Advanced Cyber Security Solution Built for SMB Defenses
Continuum Fortify On Demand Webinar:Discover Continuum Fortify, Your Advanced Cyber Security Solution
See How Other MSPs Have Scaled to Success with Continuum's Platform
During the webinar Raymond Vrabel, Senior Director of Office Equipment Business Development will provide insight into the current and future state of the MSP market, share additional strategies to distinguish yourself more prominently among your peers and ultimately ensure you are set up for success.
Explore the power of Continuum Fortify, the advanced cyber security solutions you need to deliver the protections your clients demand.
April 9, 2019
March 14, 2019
Azure of-course represents a major opportunity for Managed Service Providers. But the process of moving even a single customer's entire IT environment onto the public cloud can be costly and complex, never mind the operational challenge of managing the environment on an ongoing basis. Or juggling a multitude of customers and their environments.
October 17, 2018
11am-12pm EST
This webinar will provide you with a first-hand look at some of the exciting new features and capabilities we've recently added to Continuum Command! We'll explore how these improvements better equip your technical team.
RMM Modernization: New Continuum Features and Simplified Management to Benefit Your Bottom Line


text: +jhuoni 18 Posted May 2, 2014 (edited) I just realized that the SUBJECT of this message is INCORRECT. It should be FOOD CONTESTS. (Can't correct the suject line after the message has been submitted) ........................................................................................ We would like to (re)propose this category with an edited description. Description: The mission of this category is to seek out food establishments offering in-house food-eating contests and organized events that host food-eating competitions. This is pure gluttony at its finest. Expanded Description: You may have seen them in restaurants, read about them in the newspapers, magazines,online or even TV. Your mission, if you choose to accept it, is to document locations and venues that cater to those with ravenous appetites. RESTAURANTS: We're talking about restaurants around the world that offer their own in-house eating contests. Examples include Da Big Kahuna PizzaChallenge, a 72 oz. BIGTEXAN steak, a BuffaloWing Flatliner Challenge or a Fatburger XXX-Challenge. Any place where the patron's reward for accomplishing a gutbusting food challenge could be a free meal, a T-shirt, a picture or certificate of accomplishment and most of all - bragging rights to the rest of the world! FESTIVALS or FAIRS: This category will also accept food contest events held at festivals or fairs which are held annually or periodically. This could possibly cross-waymark into the Festivals Category if it's a food festival). These venues, usually held outside, include contests between contestants eating anything from hot dogs, ice cream, Buffalo wings,etc. in a given period of time, with the winner getting some sort of prize. You do not have to participate in the event to waymark it. Locate a contest at a food establishment and show proof that one exists by way of photos, a website and/or any other documentation that backs it up (a poster, advertisement or a Wall of Fame for instance). For food contest events held at Festivals one would be required to be witness to the event as a spectator in order to waymark it and providing their own pictures as proof. If you are a participant in a food eating contest,providing a picture of yourself during your gluttonous affair is an extra bonus! Instructions for placing waymarks into this category: When titling your waymark, please follow the naming convention below: Jimmy's Food Shack - Anytown, USA or Smithville's Hot Dog Challenge - Anytown, USA You are required to include a minimum of TWO photos in your waymark submission: 1. One photo of the food item itself - (it can be taken off a website, an advertisement in an eatery, etc. if you're not participating in the contest) Please remember to cite the website in your photo. 2. The second photo (must be taken by you) of the surroundings, that is, the inside or outside of the establishment or the event facility, or the sign which promotes the contest. 3. Additional photos are appreciated. If your waymark submission is located outside the USA, you are required to include an English translation in addition to your country's language (German, Spanish, French, etc.). Instructions for logging waymarks of this category: When posting a visit of a Food Eating Contest,please include a photo taken by YOU as proof that you were there in the flesh: Qualifying photos would be of the actual eating contest, a photo of the list of those who completed or failed, (Wall of Fame/Wall of Shame), or any other proof that you were at this location. It is not required that you dine at the location,however, normally you would be in a restaurant to order food. Variables: · Address or Location · Is this an event? · Web Address With this revised description I would like to solicit comments from the Waymarking Community. Edited May 2, 2014 by jhuoni Quote Share this post Link to post


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For years I have been saying to look towards the UK to see what is coming our way in regards to Islam, and the similarities of the Sharia movement can be seen in this video. The good news is that UK Muslim Anjem Choudary states that US Muslims are about 5-10 years behind in this push. Meaning that we still have time to nip this in the bud. Stating that it is not "all" Muslims and then ignoring the problem does not cut it. Below the video are some comments left by US Muslims on this issue.
Asalam 'Aleikoum wr wb,
Just want to thank the Amir for his post and I as a member of RM agree with it and stand by it inshaAllah.
Abu Shabab
Abu Muhammad
"Fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight against you collectively, And know that Allah is with the righteous." (9:36)
Asalamu Alaikum:
As Muslims, we should just continue doing what we are commanded from Qur'an and Sunnah in establishing Allah's Law and Order and not to worry about what the Kuffar's-media-liars says against Allah's Shariah, Islam, Jihad for his cause etc., this is because the Kafir is a cursed creature (2:89), and will continue with their mouths to put out the Light of Islam (61:9) & (9:32). So if you grant a Kafir such as CNN an interview, they will distort your words, mixing the Truth of Islam with their Kafir's false ideology (3:71). Satan is their ally (16:63), so do not expect a Kafir Media Network saying any good about Islamic principles and fundamentals. Indeed Allah Azza wa Jall is an enemy to these and all other Kafirs (2:98) and may the curse of Allah be upon them.
Assalamu Aliekum,
I believe it was in "The Truth Hurts" where Shaykh Mustafa Abu Al-Yazid talked about offensive Jihad and stated that if the West were to stop all its aggression, there would be a period of maybe 20 years of peace, and then the West would be invited to Islam and accept Shariah. If they did not, then the Mujahideen would begin war with them.
I did not read the article or watch the video you posted, I admit, but from what I read it seems it's saying there is no such thing as offensive Jihad.
There is definitely such thing as offensive Jihad, and later in the Hijrah the Prophet (SAW) said "I have been ordered to fight against the people until they testify La Ilaha Ill Allah, Muhammadar Rasooloolah, until they establish Salah, and pay the Zakat".
So I'm not sure what the article is saying. I don't know why so many Muslims will only accept that fighting is permitted only when we are severely oppressed, and not so that we may gain leverage over the kuffar. Even in a time of peace with the kuffar, they may still secretly be plotting to attack us. Which is why we must prepare. Some kuffar somewhere will always be hostile towards Islam. I don't see why we have to be the underdogs.
The enemy is amongst us.


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- Catch the clickety-clack of the world-famous Tap Dancing Christmas Trees;
- Delight in the holiday program presented by our Children's Theatre Personalities;
- Catch The Velveteen Rabbit, and our other holiday puppet shows;
- Snap your kiddo dancing under our "snow showers;"
- Cozy up with a cup of hot cocoa or cider, on us;
- Hop on the Jolly Trolly, again and again — rides are unlimited!
The park is open from noon to 7 p.m. during Fairy Winterland (weather permitting).
NOTE: This date/event is in the past. Keep browsing.
Date(s) - 12/23/19
12:00 pm - 7:00 pm
$12 general, $6 for Fairyland members
Rusty Blazenhoff
Disclaimer: Please double check event information with the activity organizer or venue as events can be canceled, details can change after they are added to our calendar, and errors do occur.
COVID-19 Coronavirus note: In the event that local health officials ask for "social distancing" strategies that include canceling large gatherings, some of these pre-planned activities may be canceled or rescheduled: concerts, festivals, playtime, sports events, storytimes, and other gatherings.


text: Parallels 10 and Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Just in case you are having problems running Ubuntu 14.04 after upgrading to Parallels Desktop 10. Follow this and then this. It should also resolve any problems during Cinnamon startup as well. Published by Otavio Piske Just another nerd View all posts by Otavio Piske


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Create FREE ClickFunnel Account: http://bit.ly/CF-FREEAccount
In this article, we're going to examine the webinar funnel, the various components that make up the webinar funnel, their purpose and function, and how they interact with each other to generate subscribers and attendees. Here's an illustration of what your webinar sales funnel might look like.
Since webinars are in video format, they feel more personal to the people who are considering your product or service. They give you what feels like a one-on-one interaction with each person in your audience.
Webinar Funnel Checklist;
✓ Webinar Funnel Checklist;
✓ Registration Page
✓ Registration Success (Thank You Page)
✓ Live Webinar Page
✓ Webinar Replay Page Email Checklist;
✓ 3-4 Registration email (to all)
✓ 2-3 Attendance reminder emails (to registrants)
✓ 3-4 Replay email (to registrants)
Create FREE ClickFunnel Account: http://bit.ly/CF-FREEAccount


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Showing the wrong dates for events
Scroll down the page: http://lasallekitchenandtavern.com/
Today, new posts came up. For instance, the first event - "Shiny Shiny Black" just says "January 28 - January 28" (which is the wrong date).
I would like it to say the actual date, which is Jan. 27 and the time, (Saturday 9 PM), both of which are posted on Facebook for the event at their facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/LaSalleKitchenAndTavern/
HiThis is is not a wrong date issue actually this is the staring and ending date of your event so if your starting and ending date is same then this will show you same date on both place. If you want to show only starting date then let me know we will provide you the custom code for this.Have a look in screen shot http://prntscr.com/hoxljvThanks
Thanks for looking at this for me. But I have attached another screenshot showing you the date for Shiny Shiny Black is coming up wrong on the one post feed. The second post feed is like you said, the beginning and the end of the event, but I would like the feed to only show one date - the 'Date of the Event'. If you can send me the code that would be great. Is it possible to have the code also pick up the time of the event? On the first post where the date comes in wrong, does it have anything to do with when the person posted the event? Just not sure what is making the date coming in wrong.
HiOk for this follow the given instructions.Find the code in link https://pastebin.com/4uHeKaScGo to in your plugin directory >> facebook-feed-shortcode.php. and replace all code with given link code.Let me know did it work for you.Thanks


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For any number of reasons, the Prada flagship store in SoHo was something of a groundbreaking experiment in retail when it opened in 2001. Rem Koolhaas and Ole Scheeren were the architects and designers of the space, arguably the first time that a Starchitect firm was used for a retail space (there are many who will argue that point, but we'll stick with it for now). It also launched the major push of designers to start moving off of Madison Avenue, which had traditionally been home to the high end designer boutiques in NYC and create a true stand alone retail destination in SoHo. The move, in general, reflected a shift in the consumer and their lifestyle. Fashion is driven by youth and youth wanted to live and work in grungier more lively urban neighborhoods.
Koolhaas and Scheeren designed the store, and to use their own words as an equal mix of boutique, public space, gallery, performance and laboratory. Practically speaking the space is a cavernous showcase for Prada as a lifestyle, again an idea that make we take for granted now, but was relatively new back then. The fashion lifestyle branding of the time was strictly reserved for photoshoots in glossy magazines.
The interior of the spaces has walkways, a swooping floor that looks more like a skaters halfpipe blended with stairs that also act as shelves. There is a wide mix of materials all successfully blended together that work well in what was effectively an old industrial / manufacturing building. Previously it has been the Guggenheim SoHo, a great idea that had never really worked. But that's a discussion for another time.
The OMA website, has been updated over the years to include photos not just of the original finished space, but also of people who have sent in images over the years.


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Sabre-rattling on crime from a Tory – you can tell an election is coming
Commenting on the Home Secretary's incendiary language on policing, Lee Dargue, Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for Birmingham Ladywood said:
"The Conservatives have a dreadful, wasteful track record in the Home Office and policing. From the Windrush scandal, the appalling, failed "go-home" vans to slashing of Police budgets. Not to forget the Prime Minister's own £300,000 bill for taxpayers, to cover the debacle he led over water cannons as Mayor of London.
"All of this shows a Tory contempt for both the Police and the communities they serve.
"Listening to the current Home Secretary, it's clear that she, like the PM, thinks that emotive words will magically fix their own failures. "Terror", as Priti Patel wants to see in the Policing, is part of the reason why we have a crisis in violent crime and drug use. It shows how out-of-touch with communities she is.
"Returning the money slashed from Police budgets by successive Tory Home Secretaries is needed, now. Then, instead setting out an election pitch in newspapers, the Tories should work with the Police on a public health approach which will reduce crime and harm in our communities."


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Moon Beings
- Date: Tuesday, July 29th, 2014
- Time: 7:00pm - 7:45pm
- Location: Hardin Planetarium
Free of charge and suitable for all ages; younger children must be supervised by an adult. 45 minute running time, with time for questions at the end of the presentation. Please note that the show will begin on time, with no late entrance permitted.
Contact: 270-745-4044
Office of the Dean
College of Education and Behavioral Sciences
1906 College Heights Blvd. #11030,
Bowling Green, KY 42101-1030
Some of the links on this page may require additional software to view.


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More than 24 million households in the U.S. have Roth individual retirement accounts (IRAs), which accounted for $810 billion in retirement assets at the end of 2018, according to the Investment Company Institute. The retirement savings vehicles are funded with after-tax dollars, which means distributions are tax-free.
Roth IRA vs. Traditional IRA
Introduced in the 1990s, the Roth IRA is the younger sibling to traditional individual retirement accounts (IRAs), which are funded with pre-tax dollars and in which distributions are taxed as ordinary income. They are popular with the self-employed, and a portion of the taxes paid at distribution may be deductible depending on the taxpayer's income.
Traditional IRAs are more popular, but Roth IRAs are the fastest growing among the different types of IRAs. The number of households owning Roth IRAs has increased on average 5.3% annually between 2000 and 2013 compared to a 1.3% growth rate for traditional IRAs.
While there are a few exceptions, you can hold just about any investment in this increasingly popular retirement account. Stocks, bonds, mutual funds, money market funds, exchange traded funds (ETFs), and annuities are among the choices.
Most-Common Investments
Roth IRAs, on average, include three different types of investments per account, Investment Company Institute data reveals. Unsurprisingly, mutual funds are the most common investment in Roth IRAs by a wide margin. They account for 62% of investments and include equity, bond, and balanced funds.
Equity mutual funds are the most popular by far, making up more than half (52%) of the mutual funds in Roth IRAs, while bond funds and balanced funds follow at 27% each.
Individual stocks are the second most common representing 31% of Roth IRA investments, followed by annuities, both fixed and variable, (22%) and money market funds (18%). Individual bonds and U.S. savings bonds, meanwhile, make up 15%, and ETFs 9% of investments held in Roth IRAs.
Prohibited Investments
There are a handful of investments that you are not allowed to hold in Roth IRAs. Collectibles, including art, rugs, metals, antiques, gems, stamps, coins, alcoholic beverages, such as fine wines, and certain other tangible personal property the Internal Revenue Service deems as a collectible are prohibited.
There are exceptions, however, for some coins made of precious metals. Life insurance contracts are also prohibited as investments.
Margin Accounts
Some transactions and positions are not allowed in Roth IRAs. The IRS does not allow you to invest in your Roth IRA with borrowed money. As a result, investing on margin is prohibited in Roth IRAs, unlike a non-retirement brokerage account, wherein margin accounts are allowed.
Margin accounts are brokerage accounts that allow investors to borrow money from their brokerage firm to buy securities. The broker charges the investor interest and the securities are used as collateral. Because the margin is leverage, the gains or losses of securities bought on margin are increased.
Certain trading strategies and contracts require margin accounts. This includes some options contracts, for example, that require borrowing on margin. You also can't short stocks in Roth IRAs. Short selling occurs when an investor borrows on margin a stock betting that its price will decline. A profit is made when the investor buys back the stock at a lower price.
Roth and traditional IRAs are a way for investors to save and invest long-term toward retirement with tax benefits, not make a quick profit. Both buying and trading on margin are risky moves and not for the novice or everyday investor.
The Bottom Line
Roth IRAs are the fastest growing among the different types of IRAs, and some believe that paying the tax upfront provides an advantage over paying tax on distributions, such as in regular IRAs. Roth IRAs allow for investing in a wide array of investment products, although there are a few exceptions. Check with your brokerage firm to see what it has on offer.


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White Long Sleeve Lace 2pc Bodycon DressSKU: 021237
DescriptionThe perfect 2 piece party dress for your next girl's night out featuring; floral lace, round neck, long sleeves, cropped, with matching overlay skirt, and fitted.
Fabric: Polyester
Neckline: Round Neck
Sleeve Length: Long Sleeve
Dress Length: Knee-length
Style: Party
Silhouette: Bodycon
Size Chart(Inch) S M L Bottom-length 21.1 21.7 22.2 Bust 29.9 31.5 33.1 Hips 31.5 33.1 34.6 Top-length 14.4 14.6 14.8 Size Chart(CM) S M L Bottom-length 53.5 55 56.5 Bust 76 80 84 Hips 80 84 88 Top-length 36.5 37 37.5
The dimensions data from the measurement of the product, "click here" to see the measuring methods details, and allow 1-2cm (0.4-0.8") differences due to manual measurement, thanks.
Actual fabric colors may vary slightly from online colors due to variations in screen color settings.
30 Days Return + Shipping PolicyShipping & Delivery
Receiving time = Processing time + Shipping time
Note: In orders with more than one item, the processing time will be based on the item with the longest processing time.
We will prepare your order after it have verified. Such as: strict quality control, arrange the suitable carriers.Return Policy
Return within 30 days from the delivered date.
1. Items received within 30 days from the delivered date.
2. Items received unused, undamaged and in original package.


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Born in 1963, in Ithaca, New York, Michael Rosen has been living and working in Europe, since graduating from Berklee School of Music. Producer, arranger and contemporary jazz performer, playing a variety of instruments including saxophone, vibraphone, piano and acoustic guitar. Currently living in Italy, where he has been highly successful as both a live and studio musician, he has played at several major jazz festivals. As a studio musician, Michael has recorded solos on approximately 70 recordings of every conceivable genre and for a vast array of Italy's most widely known singers, including Mina, Adriano Celentano and Renato Zero.
On this site you can find any kind of music except for MP3 download. This website is an encyclopedia of music in all formats. Here you can not download free music in mp3 or listen online. On the site there are no links to download free mp3 music. Buy music only from official suppliers of audio content. All rights belong to their respective owners.