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The future of the postal and banking financial system
The impact of technology and innovation on financial markets and the necessity to urgently embrace technology and innovation to offer a customer driven products and boost financial inclusion
The African financial sector serving the real economy. What are the AfDB's priorities in Africa to support the real economy? What is the role of financial institutions and postal banks in particular? which programmes should be put in place to support them in achieving the turning point of innovation and digitisation and build a sustainable and responsible financial service offer in favour of financial inclusion?
Delay and breakthroughs in Africa in terms of technology and innovation: what challenges for the financial and telecommunications sector, the challenges and successes envisaged in the coming years, how to optimize the above sectors' role in favor of financial inclusion
Moderator: The Alliance for Financial Inclusion: Efoe P. Koudadjey | Regional Manager, Sub-Saharan Africa & MENA
Mobile banking apps : WSBI Members :
Climate friendly financial product and services
Challenges and success of WSBI member institutions:
For some of WSBI members, the institutional transformation from a financial institution into a bank (postal or retail) faces many regulatory requirements, which have been delaying the process for decades. Today, however the digitization of the financial offer is forcing all financial institutions to, fully or partly, rethink their business model, their offer and their customer policy.
- What is the impact of technology, how far do you need to change your business model, how has your offer evolved over the last years and does technology help you to differentiate from the competition? (do you do the same as the competition or are you trying to be ahead?) What else should you do and what do you need to achieve it? (your challenges and next steps in 2018-2019)
- Each WSBI member institution is invited to give a presentation of 5 minutes to 10 minutes on the above
Introduction: The Postal Bank of South Africa
Panel : La Poste Tunisienne ; SONAPOST (BF): PosteFinances (SN), KPOSB (KN); Société Nationale des Postes et des services financiers (Comoros)
Introduction: Botswana savings bankPanel: Caixa Económica de Cabo Verde, Caisse d'Epargne de Madagascar; Caisse Nationale de Côte d'Ivoire (CI), Caisse Nationale d'Epargne et de Prévoyance (CNEP); Savings and Social Development Bank Sudan; National Savings and Credit Bank- NATSAVE (ZB) ; People's Own Savings Bank of Zimbabwe
Panel: Caisse de Dépôts et de Gestion du Maroc et les Caisses de Dépôts et de Consignation du Sénégal et de Tunisie
Introduction: Software Group
Moderator: Nabi Issa Coulibaly, DG SONAPOST, Burkina Faso
The Block Chain: In Tunisia, some pioneers are already following the example of La Poste, which registers and authenticates all the monetary exchanges made by the users of its e-dinar system:
The virtual bank:
* The case of Imaginbank in Spain
Digital offer extended to savings and credits: panel
* Société Générale Manko and YUP digital offer for Senegal, by Gaëtan Debuchy, CEO
Autres : UNACOOPEC
The new concept of customer – Faithful passenger and dropping bulkheads: how do banks face the need to adopt new models and new technologies to improve the customer experience and offer for consumers and SMEs? What is the impact of new technologies on the client?
Introduction & moderation : CGAP : customer centricity
Presentations and panel debate: How does the digital offer meet customer needs? And policies to address the needs of villages, women, SMEs and farmers, young people and does your offer meet climate change requirements.
Agency banking Centenary Bank
Women, youth (tbc): Pride Microfinance (UG)
Farmers: People Own's Savings Bank of Zimbabwe/Agribank/NATSAVE
SMES: BNI Gestion, Caisse de Dépôts et de Gestion (CDG) Maroc et les Caisses de dépôts et de consignations du Sénégal et de la Tunisie Village banking: Postbank Uganda
Other: UGAFODE
Seven Delta
Group 1: How to use technology to take the lead of the market and how do you plan to do it?Introduction and moderation of group 1: to be confirmed
Group 2: The End of a SystemIntroduction and moderation of group 2:


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Bottled water company Nongfu Spring said yesterday it had decided to cease production of barreled water in Beijing permanently following a temporary suspension order imposed by the capital's quality watchdogs in a dispute over standards. The company said that nearly 100,000 residents in the city who had prepaid would be given five 4-liter bottles of its water produced in other provinces instead of their usual 19-liter barrel. A 19-liter barrel cost 20 yuan (US$3.2) while five 4-liter bottles cost 35 yuan…Full-text article: Shanghai Daily May 2013
Key point
- According to Nongfu Spring, they use the water quality standard (#DB33833) of Zhejiang province, which covers 57 quality measures. At the same time, Fujian province has 28 quality measures, Hunan province 37, Chongqing has 25, and Guangdong has 40 measures.
ChinaAg Comment
- In April 2013, a rival bottle water company based in Guangdong province claimed Nongfu Spring produces substandard water

subset: commoncrawl


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Let me share with you this scary fact.
It normally costs you 6 to 9 times as much money, effort, and time to obtain a new client or recall an old client you let slip through the cracks, than it is to retain a current customer in the first place.
This means you could be wasting THOUSANDS of dollars right now.
Here's why.
Things have changed in the business world… or haven't you noticed. You customers' expectations have changed.
They want more personalized engagement not less.
In a world that is so digitally driven with robots on the other end of the phone, people crave real human contact and not just during the client acquisition phase where it is common to give your potential customer a lot of attention.
We're used to spending a lot of resources (and that usually means tons of money) going after new clients, while our current clients could easily be using our services again and again.
Yet many massage therapists stop engaging properly with a client after their first visit. THIS IS NUTS!
What that looks like is this: If your time is valued at $60 to $90 an hour and you have to spend another 2 hours of that time trying to get a client to come back, in addition to the postage and mailings and discounts you are sending them – vs – learning how to effectively rebook clients while they are in still your office, you are LOSING money, not making money.
Once they do come back for another visit, your earnings on that visit is now 300% LESS.
It pays well to focus on client retention as much or more than new client acquisition or client recalls.
If you'd like to become a master at client retention and rebooking 80% to 100% of your clients EVERY time, please check out one of our Business Mastery courses on Mastering Your Intake and Retention processes.


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Medical Glove Supplier at H & L International Inc
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Janitorial Supplies | Paper Product Supplier


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by NFPA's Ken Willette
Ever wonder what it actually costs to fight a fire?If you had to pay for fire and emergency services like you do for electricity, pay for actual use/consumption, how much would it cost?
There are some American Fire Departments that operate that way, they offer you a pre payment plan,(a subscription), that guarantees a specified level of service and response. There are also departments that will bill you for services if you live in an area with no organized fire department,(often called unincorporated areas). They will bill you for actual services rendered, and often, are not the closest fire department, but one that has the ability to respond.
Watch this news report and see what one Arizona homeowner found was the cost to fight a fire at his home in an unincorporated area:


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|Michelle Boccanfuso Nanouche, CSB Christian Science Practitioner & Teacher
"Gender balance and power – a spiritual discussion" - By Mark Sappenfield and Michelle Boccanfuso Nanouche
"From a record number of women in US Congress, to the Women's March, to the #MeToo movement, balance of power is a topic that's front and center these days. Today's column is a podcast in which the editor of the Monitor speaks with a Christian Science practitioner and teacher about the impact an understanding of God can have on this subject." (The Christian Science Monitor's Christian Science Perspective Audio Edition for January 17, 2019)
1/21/2019 08:46:29 am
Brava, Michelle. You and Mark definitely moved the ball of this topic down the field! Loved the discussion of the one-ness with Father-Mother God, and your example moving from victim to victor.
1/23/2019 10:19:37 am
Thanks, Diane! A very important subject.
2/5/2019 06:42:59 am
Thank you, Mark and Michelle, is so important to see God as All, great explanation of El-Shadai!
Comments are closed.
Find me on YouTube
I have practiced Christian Science professionally in
some form since 1979.
But my journey with
Christian Science started
in a Sunday school
where as a young child
I was taught the Scriptures and some simple basics
of Jesus' method of
scientific Christian healing.
A significant experience
at the age of twelve
opened my eyes to
the great potential
of this practice.
After impaling my foot
on a nail,
I prayed the way I had learned
in Sunday school.
Within moments
the pain stopped
and healing began.
By the next morning the wound had disappeared completely.
Having experienced
the great potential
of Christian Science,
there would be no
turning back.


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Although Kureha One is an international community, posts should be made in English. JP/CN/KR is only tolerated for topics where the original media was in JP/CN/KR.Posting in other languages will result in account termination with extreme prejudice without notice.
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Edit : Ding ! If the so said " unoriginal november scripts" were the ones I had before V.1_1, then your link is also wrong since this is where I downloade them! This is the same I was using from before, and the current one is more edited that the previous. Thanks for the help anyway.
Ah, I swear the color code was the same as it was supposed to be.
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Sammy Adams(0 reviews)
Meet Sammy Adams 1- My background 2- Why choose me ? 3- I do not work alone 1- My background I attended Watkins College of Art for architectural drawing and Volunteer State Community College for real estate. This training helps me specialize in adding a unique perspective for space planning and interior design for prospective home buyers & sellers. I have over 20 years of previous experience in retail merchandise presentation and departmental space planning for companies like Neiman-Marcus, JCPenney, and Castner-Knotts. It was my honor to be a co-founder of the Direct Support Professionals Association of Tennessee (DSPAT), which is one of the first statewide organizations in the U.S. created to give voice to, advance the careers of, and advocate on behalf of a large workforce of DSPs who provide effective, compassionate supports to people with disabilities. This diverse experience has prepared me for a career in real estate by giving me a great vision for home staging and how to make things look good, as well as teaching me to stay sensitive to supporting others. Parks Realty was an easy choice for me as my first home purchase was with a Parks agent. The trust with that agent was such a positive experience that it led me to think of working with Parks. The support and training here are exactly what I was promised. As I am getting my feet wet, I surely have seen why the Parks system works for agents and clients alike. Becoming a real estate agent was a late-in-life vision just as was my first home in East Nashville. Then, I wondered why it took me so long. I also bought an investment rental property and I would like to give that feeling of ownership and pride that I have for my property to other prospective home buyers. After living in Middle Tennessee for most of my life, I have been able to stay well-grounded and I have a deep love for the south. In my spare time, I enjoy relaxing in quiet spaces like my houseboat on the Cumberland River, reading books, and binge-watching Netflix. My longtime favorite passion is driving my Miata sports car on less-traveled winding roads with the sunshine on my face. Life is good ! As Nashville and Tennessee have recently become the "it" city and state I have a respect and memory of the "old and the new". I love stories of our regional history. So if you need advice on any local subjects, I am your guy and would be delighted to help you go shopping for your next home. 2- Why choose me I am a native Tennessean. While I was not "born on a mountain top in Tennessee" as the famous song sings ….. I was born in a small town east of Nashville called Old Hickory Village. My roots there with the history of the DuPont Company has given me such a passion for the beauty and lifestyle of Tennessee. My family of six siblings survived and thrived while my dad was employed with DuPont for 37 years. I was taught loyalty and respect and to always 'do the right thing'. That is my pledge to you. 3- I do not work alone I am supported by my partner Realtor, Lisa Johnson who has more than 16 years experience with residential and commercial and investment sales. See her Web Link here: https://www.parksathome.com/agents/lisajohnson . Lisa and I inspire each other to provide better customer care. Together we are supported by the PARKS Realty team with it's quality reputation for more than 40 years. See Parks Realty Link here: http://www.bobparks.com/ . Parks Realty is widely recognized for the top training that it provides all of it's agents. Parks takes great pride in innovation, research, and continued education to serve our potential clients. Some examples include personal websites (such as this one for me), personalized apps for smartphones, and the ability to reach the widest market through our syndication networking. Together we can take you through the madness of buying and selling a home and turn it into magic. Lisa and I are a team !Visit My website
Contact Sammy
Website sammyadams.parksathome.com
Email email@example.com
Cell Phone 615.416.0638
Agent License # 351793
Office Phone 615.383.6600
Office Address 4025 Hillsboro Pike Ste 601, Nashville, Tennessee, 37215
Agent Reviews


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Sponsored Links
We\'ll bet you that no engineering contraption will evoke as much giddy curiosity as ours! This 3D screensaver proves that the exact time can be kept even with steam-powered machines! The secret to this wondrous clock is known only to the gnome, who occasionally adds coal to the fire. Gears spin, tubes squeal, pistons move, turbines spin, cylinders shine, fire rages - the machine ticks full speed ahead, every second is of the essence!


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My Top Tips To "Crushin" Your Instagram
Social Media Business Tips & Tricks 1. Tell Your Story With Pictures Use Instagram to show how others what it is like to use your products or the benefit of your services, use your stories or real customer stories. Don't Be "Salesy"……No one wants to be sold. Show the benefits of what you have to offer in action. Starbucks — one of the best brands on Instagram — mastered this concept. They never talk about price, sales, etc!YES Go Follow Them: 📷 2. Make Your Posts Beautiful or Funny Your Instagram photos should catch people's eye & inspire them or make them laugh. Boring & depressing stuff won't help build your brand.For me, the funny Instagram accounts, and the ones with the most beautiful pictures are the best!!Here's how @BuzzFeed does it: 📷 3. Don't Post Everything All in 1 time slot. You don't want to overwhelm the photo feeds of your followers — so all they see when they login are your photos! Space out or schedule your posts.This will lead to unfollows — and lost potential customers.4. Make Sure Your Handles Are the Same Everywhere. Using the same username on Instagram, Facebook, Pintrest, Youtube, etc, makes it easy for people to find you — and to tag you in their social media posts. And the easier the better!I am Hillary Plauche everywhere!! Follow Me, I Follow Back!!! 📷 5. Become a Hashtag Expert Instagram hashtags will get you more Likes, comments & followers. There's no doubt about it!
But that doesn't mean you should over-stuff your posts with hashtags. All things in moderation, people!
Your posts still need to look natural & conversational, and also relevant to the picture they are viewing, otherwise people will feel "played" and UNFOLLOW YOU!
Conclusion These 5 tips might sound easy — because they ARE! But they will pay off BIG TIME if you follow them: 1.Tell Your Story With Pictures 2.Make Your Posts Beautiful or Funny 3.Post Throughout the Day 4.Make Your Instagram Handles the Same EVERYWHERE! 5.Become a Hashtag Expert If you realize these tips can really be utilized across all of your Social Media challenge, the key is to win their eyeballs, and have them become interested in you, to the point of where they don't ever want to miss a thing you post! This is the beauty of social networking, REMEMBER to BE SOCIAL and Engage with your Followers, ask them questions, give them inspiration, and show them what you have to offer is REAL! Now that you have the BEST Tips around,
HAPPY IG'ing :0)
~Hillary Plauche
For More Instagram Tips, and How to Use "Instagram Stories" watch my Video Below


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Only from the female intuition could be born a sophisticated and unique product like silk.
It is said that one day, in the 27th century before Christ, the beautiful Chinese Empress Lei-Tuz, the main wife of the famous Emperor Huang Di, was drinking tea in the shade of a mulberry tree.
While she was going to sipping that hot tea, a silkworm fell in her teacup. When she dipped her fingers to remove the small animal from her precious cup a long, very thin, iridescent thread deployed.
Enchanted from the beauty and the brightness of the thread, the Empress convinced the powerful husband to let her produce some fabric. Therefore, the husband ordered to plant some more mulberry trees and to breed silkworms.
Then the threads were twisted on a loom and was born the precious fabric. At the beginning it was thought that the silk, considered an absolutely luxury, was suited only for Emperors, Princes and members of the high nobility.


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John Bazely
Image information
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Product images of John Bazely
Our prints
We use a 280gsm fine art paper and premium branded inks to create the perfect reproduction.
Our expertise and use of high-quality materials means that our print colours are independently verified to last between 100 and 200 years.
Read more about our fine art prints.
Manufactured in the UK
All products are printed in the UK, using the latest digital presses and a giclée printmaking process.
We only use premium branded inks, and colours are independently verified to last between 100 and 200 years.
Delivery & returns
We print everything to order so delivery times may vary but all unframed prints are despatched within 2-4 days via courier or recorded mail.
Delivery to the UK is £5 for an unframed print of any size.
We will happily replace your order if everything isn't 100% perfect.
John Bazely
'Iohn Bazely Esqr Vice Admiral of the Red Squadron. Engraved by Ridley from a Miniature by Thos Langdon'
Thomas Langdon (artist)
Original size: 225 mm x 138 mm
- Image reference: PU3131
- National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London


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News and information about the Government's tax policy work programme, including:
- proposed changes to the laws that Inland Revenue is responsible for
- updates on the progress of bills through Parliament
- policy announcements
SOP to the KiwiSaver Bill released
13 August 2019
Supplementary Order Paper No 293 to the Taxation (KiwiSaver, Student Loans, and Remedial Matters) Bill was released today by the Minister of Commerce and Consumer Affairs, Hon Kris Faafoi.
The SOP proposes changes to the KiwiSaver Act to allow a person that has a life-shortening congenital condition to withdraw their savings early.
For more information see:
- the Minister of Commerce and Consumer Affairs's media statement (from 21 July);
- Supplementary Order Paper No 293;
- the revised disclosure statement;
- the regulatory impact assessment (PDF 1.1 MB); and
- supporting documents.


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It's a well-known fact that there's a huge volcano beneath the Yellowstone National Park. This is not your average volcano. It goes hundreds of meters deep into the ground. Just to show you how big it is, the volcano is estimated to be larger than the state of Rhode Island. Researchers say that the Yellowstone Volcano is capable of a thousand times more violent eruptions than anything we have seen so far. It's what most people in the science community refer to as a super volcano. It's such a rare thing though on the planet and there's a handful all across the world. But the US has three super volcanoes all of which have been already designated as a big threat to the country. In essence, if the Yellowstone Volcano erupts, it would be catastrophic.
First, the volcano would shoot a massive tower of volcano ash high into the air. The ash will be so high that it will dwarf Mount Everest, the tallest mountain in the world. And this is not all. The eruption would cover all nearby cities with at least a meter of volcanic ash. The ash would then create a giant cloud in the Earth's atmosphere. This means the sun can no longer shine upon the Earth as it used to. The temperature levels will start to drop rapidly and plant life as we know it will cease to exist. Agriculture will then fail, the world will run out of food, and the end will be here. The UN, in fact, estimates that if such an eruption was to happen, the world would run out of food in just two months.
The Yellowstone volcano already has a history of eruption. Scientists note that over the last 2.1 million years, the volcano has erupted three times. That's roughly once in a period of about 600,000 years. It's fair to say though that while the headline here might seem a little bit worrisome, Yellowstone won't erupt tomorrow or even in the next 10,000 years. Scientists estimate that it will take a few million years before we see an eruption of a grand scale.
But there's actually a way to make sure that the volcano never erupts. It makes sense to be fair looking at the kind of devastation it can cause. An idea by NASA in partnership with scientists from JPL was already on the table in 2015 to make sure that this potentially devastating eruption never happens. The trick is actually simple, just cool off the volcano. After all, volcanic eruptions are caused by the buildup of heat.
The plan by NASA would involve dumping cold water into the magma vent in the volcano to keep it within manageable temperatures. But the logistics are not as easy as they seem. First, you will need about 20 Gigawatts of energy to cool off the volcano. And it won't happen overnight. It would take nearly 16,000 years to reach the desired temperature. The plan would cost $3.46 billion, 20% of NASA's total budget.


text: Your practice is not like any other. You have unique needs for your veterinary team, how you enter your medical records, how you work up patients, and how you practice medicine. You are looking for benefits that match YOUR needs. You are a unique user! Your veterinary software should be able to give you what…Read more


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in Torquay, Devon
We're sure to have the perfect roofing solution for you property in Torquay, with a great range of high quality roofing materials available to help you keep your roof in great shape. Whether you need Velux™ roof lights, patio tiles, or shingles, we have everything under one roof.
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Delivery is available on four vehicles, including a crane for difficult to reach places. Call us today for quality supplies, competitive prices, and a great range of products.


text: India Samajwadi MP accuses BJP of using Lord Ram during polls to garner votes Published 2 years ago on October 7, 2018 By Aarti Bali Share Tweet Lucknow, Oct 7 : Samajwadi Party (SP) Member of Parliament (MP) Surendra Singh Nagar on Sunday accused the Narendra Modi government at the Centre of using the issue of constructing Ram Temple in Ayodhya at the time of elections just to garner votes. "Due to elections, parties will now use Lord Ram. The BJP government has completed four-and-a-half years (of its term), they had promised to construct Ram Mandir once they came into power in the state and the Centre. But just a few months before elections they are reminded of the temple," Singh told ANI. Nagar said now BJP is being reminded that Modi failed to deliver its poll promise of constructing Ram temple. He said that the party remembers Lord Ram only when elections are approaching. On September 26, the Supreme Court declined to refer the Ayodhya land dispute case to a larger constitutional bench and said it will begin hearing the Ayodhya matter from October 29 to decide the suit on merit. The apex court also held that all religions and religious places need to be equally respected. Related Topics:bjpelectionsFeaturedLord RamNarendra Modi governmentPollsRam TempleSamajwadi MP Up Next Rohingya refugees staying in India refuse to return to Myanmar Don't Miss 4.6-magnitude earthquake jolts Jammu and Kashmir Aarti Bali Continue Reading Advertisement You may like Vasundhara Raje, Rajyavardhan find place in Nadda's team SC seeks MP Assembly Speaker's reply on disqualification issue Demonetisation was attack on India's unorganised economy: Rahul FB, WhatsApp interference an assault on India's electoral process: Cong Bihar Assembly elections | BJP, JD(U), LJP to fight polls together, says Nadda 'Letter leak shows Facebook-BJP collusion': Manish Tewari Blog Antecedents of anti Muslim bias in media including Sudarshan TV The Sudarshan TV's "UPSC Jihad" is, in the words of Justice Chandrachud, a "rabid" vilification of Muslims. The channel felt encouraged to cross the red line because this particular line is considered Kosher in the current political atmosphere by mainstream channels as well as fly-by-night media operators. Published 13 mins ago on September 27, 2020 By IANS There have been many but let me cite just two reactions from the family to Justices D.Y. Chandrachud, Indu Malhotra and K.M. Joseph's utterances restraining Sudarshan TV from telecasting its 'UPSC Jihad' show. A relative mailed a couplet comprehensive in its simplicity: 'Door insaan ke sar se yeh musibat kar doAag dozakh ki bujha do, use jannat kar do'(Remove this menace hovering over our heads,Douse the leaping flames of hell; make it a paradise) "Leaping flames of hell": that is how a majority of Indian TV shows register with petrified Muslims. TV news is daily mortification; lynchings happen outdoors. The Supreme Court's quest for "some mechanism" for self regulation of the media brings her hope. "Cricket will be played within a well measured boundary?" Not too much to expect. The other reaction, from a younger relative is more cynical: if the Supreme Court had sharp instincts, it would have taken suo motu note of the outrage, before Sudarshan TV was able to telecast even one episode. Incipient communalism was part of the Republic from the very beginning. Contentious issues on that score, however, did not come up when the electronic media consisted only of Doordarshan. DD, launched in the mid-70s, faced roadblocks too — as in the screening of Tamas, based on a novel by Bhishm Sahni, directed by Govind Nihalani. Centered on Partition, the director pulls no punches on exposing communalism on all sides. Since Hindu communalism had never been placed under the scanner with such candour in independent India, there was a furore. Screening was stopped. Only when Justices Bakhtawar Lentin and Sujata Manohar of Bombay High Court cleared the serial was it screened. The Sudarshan TV's "UPSC Jihad" is, in the words of Justice Chandrachud, a "rabid" vilification of Muslims. The channel felt encouraged to cross the red line because this particular line is considered Kosher in the current political atmosphere by mainstream channels as well as fly-by-night media operators. An anti Muslim edge is a perceived requirement of Modi's march towards Hindu Rashtra. But an anti Muslim edge in the media has antecedents which predate Modi. Four apparently disparate events stirred the cauldron of communalism. In 1990, the Soviet Union collapsed. The disappearance of a column in the international system on which India had depended, plus an unprecedented economic crisis, caused Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Manmohan Singh to lurch towards Washington and swiftly embark on liberal economic policies. With the new market economy came consumerism and the need for multiple TV channels to accommodate the burgeoning advertising. Remember, when the Babri Masjid fell in December 1992, there was only Doordarshan to televise the news. About this time, Mandal versus Kamandal, caste versus communalism spiraled out of control. It is pointless speculating whether a mushroom growth of channels went some distance in amplifying the new, energetic, communal politics. Market and identity politics is a separate study. Internal politics, however communal, would have been amenable to management. The real problem arose when globalization, spurred on by unbridled capitalism caused even Barack Obama to ask in retrospect: "Did we mishandle globalization?" I have often wondered if Ghalib's imagery is applicable: 'Rau mein hai rakhsh e umr kahaan dekhiye thamey,Nay haath bag par hain, na pa hai rakab mein."(The steed is in full flight; I know not where it will halt;I have lost control of the reins and, feet are not in the stirrups.) That was globalization. All prime ministers of India, from 1947 to the mid-90s, depended on traditional forms of mass mobilization, prior to the TV era. A more media savvy Prime Minister than Narendra Modi there has not been. He played all the strings to arrange for himself a saturation coverage of the 2014 and 2019 elections with expert ease. Crony capitalism was essential and it was easily managed. Having brought down the Soviet Union, the US put its imprimatur on a Unipolar World Order by embarking on operation Desert Storm in February 1992. In some ways, Desert Storm bared the plans the US had for the future. The most important of these, pertinent to our narrative, was the inauguration of the Global Electronic Media which the Pentagon planned with such stealth that even an arch ally like the UK found itself flat footed. BBC's senior correspondent, John Simpson walked around Baghdad with a lowly satellite telephone while Peter Arnett of the CNN launched the New World Information order from the terrace of Baghdad's Al Rasheed hotel. For the first time in history, a war was brought live into our drawing rooms. The unprecedented fire power which I saw from the 14th floor of Al Mansour hotel, remained a nightmare for months. This frightful exhibition, let it always be remembered, divided the world in perpetuity into two hostile sets of audience — the triumphant West and the defeated Muslim world, humiliated yet again. Had multiple channels been operational in India (they were not in 1991-92), would they have been cheering Western victory or Muslim defeat? It would have been bad form to pose this query then? Please note how times have changed and why the Supreme Court's intervention is timely. The Post 9/11 war on terror transformed itself into a crusade against Islam. Journalistic restraint became a casualty. Geraldo Rivera of Fox News flourished a revolver in front of a TV camera in October 2001 in Afghanistan. "Should I see Osama bin Laden anywhere, I shall finish him off with this," said he, his finger on the trigger. The copycat Indian media, now in a phase of rapid expansion, picked up every inflection. Continue Reading Blog Muslim education in India: Need for private and public sector investment These are troubling findings that frame the continuing needs of Muslims and others in the weaker sections. What should be done to address those needs? Published 18 mins ago on September 27, 2020 By IANS Muslim education in India: Eminent columnist Swaminathan A. Aiyar called upon Wakf boards and wealthy Muslims to finance the development of "a string of world-class education institutions" that would attract foreign students and Indian Hindus as well. His article was written in response to Member of Parliament Asaduddin Owaisi's recommendation for "government scholarships for all" to deal with the "literacy and attendance gaps" of Muslims and other communities. The proposal was driven by his opinion that "the quality of government schools is so poor that giving more government scholarships will do little for Muslims or any other community". And, that "Christians have long created their own educational institutions of excellence". There is no argument that Christians have created good educational institutions — as have Muslims and others I might add — and that government-supported schools need to be improved. But, a programme of the scope and nature that the article suggests would do nothing to address the very real problem that Owaisi has identified. That problem is that Muslims and others in the weaker sections still lag far behind those in other religious groups in terms of their development. The development deficit occurs at points all along the educational continuum from pre-school through higher education. The Sachar Committee Report of 2006 disclosed this "development deficit" for minorities in many areas. The report resulted in the creation of an across the board programme for the development of minorities in India. Some progress has been made since then but much remains to be done: In the 2011 census, the overall literacy rate for Muslims went up substantially to 68.5 per cent from 59.1 per cent in 2001. The rate for Muslim females was much lower at not quite 52 per cent.A study released by the US India Policy Institute at the end of 2013 states that since 2006, "… the literacy level and the quantum of improvements for Muslims were modest compared to other populations."That same study showed that only 11 per cent of Muslims in India pursue higher education compared to a national average of approximately 19 per cent and that participation in the "general category of Muslims in higher education" had actually declined by 1.5 per cent for the period studied.The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)'s 75th round report cited by MP Owaisi showed that 22 per cent of Muslim girls aged 3 to 35 have never enrolled in a formal educational course. These are troubling findings that frame the continuing needs of Muslims and others in the weaker sections. What should be done to address those needs? In my opinion, the answer must be a comprehensive and collaborative effort financed and supported through public and private sector investment. That effort should improve educational opportunity and quality at all levels. Educational literacy should be the starting line and higher education of some form should be the finish line. For students at the primary and secondary levels, the Indian government needs to continue to upgrade its educational improvement initiatives to ensure basic knowledge, skills and abilities in language, science, mathematics and technology. Although madarasas educate only between 2-4 per cent of Muslim children and youth, they need to modernize their curriculum and move away from Islam centric or Islamic-only education to a holistic approach that enables these students to integrate fully into Indian society. Higher education should not be solely the province of four-year colleges or universities. It should include technical, vocational and professional education at the secondary and post-secondary levels. Education in those areas provides avenues for participation in 21st-century careers, the competencies to compete in a global economy, and the capacity to contribute to lifting Muslims and those in the weaker sections out of poverty and deprivation. I know from my personal involvement that Muslims are already making commitments to assist in providing educational opportunities for Muslims at all these levels. For example, the American Federation of Muslims of Indian origin supports hundreds of schools and scholarships for underprivileged Muslims and others throughout India. The Duty Society of Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) has numerous members who have focused on educational development for those in the weaker sections and placed an intensified organizational focus there in 2016, its 125th anniversary year. I myself have supported AMU with initiatives that enhance higher educational opportunities for Muslims and others including the funding of a new Management Complex, an Entrepreneurship Center, and an auditorium for the Mass Communications Department. At the dedication of the Frank and Debbie Islam Management Complex, I said, "From this Management Complex will come the future leaders who will make India and the world a better place. It will be an educational empowerment zone." I have had a lifelong passion and commitment to improving girls' access to and participation in meaningful education. If we empower girls through education, they are most likely to control their own destiny. Education prepares the girl to become a change agent. Too many families are trapped in poverty because of lack of education. With her own education, the girl who becomes a woman and a mother can educate and equip her children to escape that trap. This is why my wife Debbie and I have also committed to support the development of a technical school for women in Azamgarh UP. Those women graduates will make invaluable contributions to making India and the world a better place as well. Addressing the development needs of Muslims and others in the weaker sections is a strategic investment. It is a hand-up and not a hand-out. Those who get that hand-up will extend their hands to help others up. As a result, the return on these public and private investments will be exponential for the Indian economy and society. (The writer is an entrepreneur, civic and thought leader based in Washington DC. The views expressed here are personal) Continue Reading Business 'Economic disruption to deter RBI from quantifying FY21 growth forecast' The RBI's MPC (Monetary Policy Committee) is expected to release its resolution on the monetary policy after their meet on September 29 to October 1, 2020. Published 1 hour ago on September 27, 2020 By IANS New Delhi, Sep 27 : The dynamic economic upheaval unleashed by Covid-19 pandemic might hinder the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) from giving a pin-pointed growth as well as inflation forecast in the upcoming monetary policy report, experts opined. The existing legislations mandate the RBI to come out with a growth and inflation forecast twice in an interval of six-months in the monetary policy report. Expectedly, the report is slated to be issued with the upcoming policy review on October 1. The report was last issued in February. "Given the continuing uncertainty on the economic revival, it is difficult to say whether RBI will come out with clear forecasts on the GDP print for FY21," said Suman Chowdhury Chief Analytical Officer at Acuite Ratings and Research. "It has, however already highlighted the risks of a material contraction in economic output in the previous MPC report. As regards inflation, it is likely to reiterate its expectation of a moderation in the CPI inflation over the next few months due to lesser supply constraints, higher crop output in kharif season and also the favourable base effect kicking in." According to Brickwork Ratings said: "With uncertainty regarding the pandemic looming large, the RBI may not provide a GDP forecast for FY21 in the upcoming MPC meeting. As in the previous statements, the RBI may continue to talk about economic contraction without quantifying the magnitude." "Given the continued surge in Covid-19 cases in the country's major hubs, which is hindering the recovery process, we expect the Q2FY21 GDP to shrink by 13.5 per cent." In April, the RBI's Monetary Policy Report said that the global economy may slump into recession in 2020. The report noted that the the coronavirus pandemic, lockdown and the expected contraction in global output will weigh heavily on the growth outlook. The actual outturn would depend upon the speed with which the outbreak is contained and economic activity returns to normalcy, said the Monetary Policy Report for April 2020. As per the report, due to the highly fluid circumstances in which incoming data produce shifts in the outlook for growth on a daily basis, forecasts for real GDP growth in India are not provided in the Monetary Policy Report, awaiting a clear fix on the intensity, spread and duration of Covid-19. It is widely expected that persistently high inflation fanned in part due to supply side disruptions along with seasonal factors will deter the Reserve Bank to administer a dose of lending rate cut during the upcoming monetary policy review. Notably, the expected move will come at a time when industrial output is at historic low due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The RBI's MPC (Monetary Policy Committee) is expected to release its resolution on the monetary policy after their meet on September 29 to October 1, 2020. Continue Reading Latest Trending Videos Blog13 mins ago Antecedents of anti Muslim bias in media including Sudarshan TV Blog18 mins ago Muslim education in India: Need for private and public sector investment Blog23 mins ago Column: Helping Indian SMEs to achieve scale – Behind Infra Lines Politics30 mins ago A vote to confirm Barrett "is a vote to strike down the Affordable Care Act": Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer Politics38 mins ago Biden urges US Senate not to confirm Supreme Court nominee before election World1 hour ago Trump nominates conservative Amy Coney Barrett to Supreme Court Entertainment1 hour ago Urvashi Rautela: I wish you self-esteem so high that you're humble Entertainment1 hour ago Aamir spotted shooting for 'Laal Singh Chaddha' in Delhi Entertainment1 hour ago Shakti Kapoor cast as narco officer in Sushant film even as Shraddha faces NCB heat Business1 hour ago 'Economic disruption to deter RBI from quantifying FY21 growth forecast' Entertainment2 weeks ago Disha Patani glows in dewy make-up look in new post Health3 days ago World Pharmacists Day 2020: Date, theme, all you need to know about this day Health3 weeks ago Young adults more likely to die from epilepsy: Study Health3 weeks ago Coronavirus pandemic: Post-Covid syndrome severely damages children's hearts Business3 weeks ago Ratan Tata-backed Repos Energy registers 150 startups Sports4 weeks ago Hockey stars to engage fans in skill challenge on National Sports Day India4 weeks ago UN chief calls on India to be at helm of global leadership on climate action Sports3 weeks ago Novak Djokovic defaulted at US Open after hitting official with ball Sports4 weeks ago India, Russia declared joint winners of Online Chess Olympiad India4 weeks ago President Kovind confers awards to 60 sportspersons Cities2 days ago New Delhi: Indian Youth Congress takes out torch rally to protest against Farm Bills 2020 India2 days ago Reporters clash outside NCB, Republic's Pradeep Bhandari blames 'NDTV, ABP' goons India5 days ago 8 suspended Rajya Sabha MPs' protest stretches into the night India5 days ago All-India protest against farm bills from September 24, says Congress India1 week ago Congress Leader Ahmad Patel Raises Digital Divide Issue in Rajya Sabha India2 weeks ago Social distancing norms flouted during a 'Kalash Yatra' in Indore Blog3 weeks ago "Promise Was To End Corona In 21 Days, Ended Jobs Instead": Rahul Gandhi India3 weeks ago Sonia Gandhi Speech on Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development for 2019 Entertainment3 weeks ago Kangana to Sanjay Raut: I have complete freedom of expression Business3 weeks ago Faulty GST destroyed informal economy, says Rahul Gandhi Advertisement Most Popular India4 years ago CBSE approves compulsory Class X board exams Politics5 months ago Send a central team to Gujarat also: Ahmed Patel Business4 years ago Desperate Venture Capitalists like Mahesh Murthy spoiling Indian Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Blog3 years ago People feel robbed off by Modi's government policies Blog2 months ago Yogi emerges as BJP's new poster boy for 'Hindutva' India3 years ago Jammu & Kashmir: Police register FIR against army Front Page3 years ago Online portal launched to register sexual harassment complaints Politics3 years ago Sinha showed mirror on economy with article: Shatrughan Sinha


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About the Mustard Seed Foundation
We are the products of Catholic Education. Dan attended St. Agnes School in Toledo, Ohio and Tammi attended St. Anthony School in Temperance, Michigan. They both went on to attend Toledo Catholic high schools. Demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural trends changed the landscape of Toledo, many of the Catholic Schools have closed or merged, just as St. Agnes and St. Anthony have.
There are still many great parishes in Toledo. Our current parish is Most Blessed Sacrament where we sent our three daughters. It is a great school and our daughters grew academically and spiritually during their time there.
Despite the closure of some schools, there are still many great Catholic Schools in the Diocese that teach kids, not only about science and math, but about growing in The Faith. It is this combination of teaching the knowledge for the mind and teaching the knowledge for the soul that makes Catholic schools so special.
Unfortunately, though, many Catholic schools face tough times due to rising costs and declining enrollment. So many families would love to send their children to Catholic schools but are unable to because of the tuition. Sending children to Catholic schools is a sacrifice. For some, the sacrifice is just too great. For many years, more parents have made the difficult choice of forgoing Catholic schools for the children because of economic reasons.
We want to change that.
Although it's too late to bring back the schools from the old days there are plenty of parents who still want to send their children to Catholic schools like Blessed Sacrament, Regina Coeli, OLPH, St. Rose, and others; but just need a little help to be able to do it.
It is with this thought in mind that we have co-founded The Mustard Seed Education Foundation. We want to help ensure that the Catholic school system flourishes well into the future. We want to do that by helping families achieve their dream of sending their children to Catholic schools.
We ask for your help in shaping the hearts, minds, and souls of our future.
Financial Information
To view or download the our most recent financial report, click the button below.
Board of Trustees
Daniel Nester
Tammi Nester
Kathryn Sliwinksi
Advisory Council
Kim Grilliot
Notre Dame Academy
Christopher Knight
St. John's Jesuit High School
Kevin Devine
Blessed Sacrament Parish
Mary Devine
Blessed Sacrament Parish
Marty Lahey
St. Patrick's Historic Parish
Michelle Bissell
Gesu Parish
Greg Skibinski
Regina Coeli Parish
Mark Meyer
Blessed Sacrament Parish
Shelly Davidson
Blessed Sacrament Parish


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To follow the 2020 National Western Livestock Show, like us on Facebook, follow us on Instagram and Twitter, and watch @nwsslivestock stories on Snapchat. For complete 2020 Livestock Show results, click HERE.
Champion Crowned
The green carpet was rolled out, and all of the reserve champion and grand champion hogs came to the Stadium Arena for the Grand Champion Drive. Showmanship winners were honored for their hard work and dedication by receiving a belt buckle, ribbon and a bag of show supplies. Reserve Champion hogs from each division drove onto the green carpet to be recognized for their accomplishment. It was then time for the division champions to take center stage. Mike McCoy of Ohio gave reasoning for his final selection as a nervous audience patiently awaited the final results. McCoy selected Christon Watson of Whitesboro, Texas, as the Grand Champion Market Hog out of the Crossbred division. Mikala Grady of Grandview, Texas, was selected out of the same division as Reserve Grand Champion.
Congratulations to Christon Watson and Mikala Grady!
Market Hogs
Grand Champion: 10696 Sprinkles
Christon Watson – Whitesboro, Texas
Reserve Grand Champion: 10262 8-2
Mikala Grady – Grandview, Texas
To follow the 2017 National Western Livestock Show, like us on Facebook or follow the @nwsslivestock on Instagram or Twitter and watch the nwsslivestock stories on Snapchat. For 2017 Livestock Show results, click here.
January 2020


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The Audio Authority 9A60A is an improved version of the legendary model 9A60, adding a status LED along with official support for all 18 ATSC HDTV resolutions, including 1080p.
The 9A60A makes it possible to connect VGA style R/G/B/H/V video sources to High Definition Television (HDTV) monitors, even if the monitor only has Y/Pb/Pr inputs.(Some manufacturers label these connections as Y/Pr/Pb, Y Pb Pr, or Y Pr Pb).
If you have been wishing that you could connect your computer to your HDTV, the 9A60A may be for you. This gadget has the potential to turn your HDTV into a multimedia display device...the possibilities are almost endless! Just keep in mind that this device is not a format converter - it passes the sync timings and pixel content without modification. so your PC needs to have a graphics card that supports resolutions and refresh rates that your HDTV can display. If your computer's graphics drivers do not include native support for HDTV resolutions, a video utility such as PowerStrip (or DisplayConfigX Mac) can be very helpful in configuring the custom settings.
The package includes the 9A60A device, a 6-foot VGA male-to-male cable, documentation, and a universal power supply that can accept 100 to 240 Volts at either 50 or 60 Hz.
Input: Standard RGBHV video on a HD-15 VGA connector
RGB Video Inputs: 700mV p-p
HV Sync Inputs: 5 volt TTL
Output: Y Pb Pr Component video on 3 gold-plated RCA jacks
Y Video Output: .701G + .212R + .087B
Pb Output: .500B - .384G - .116R
Pr Output: .500R - .445G - .055B
Y Sync Output: 300mV negative bi-level, 600nS horizontal, unprocessed vertical
Video Bandwidth: -3dB @ 250MHz
Dimensions: 4.55" X 3.30" X 1.25" not including mounting flanges
Included Accessories: 6-foot VGA male-to-male cable, 12 volt DC power pack
Like most Audio Authority products, the 9A60A comes with a one year limited warranty from the manufacturer. B 9A60 Factory B-Stock units come with the same warranty.
Key Features:
Includes a 6-ft VGA cable and a power pack (component video patch cables not included).
The Model 9A60 allows a VGA-type RGBHV video source, such as a PC, to be connected to High Definition Television (HDTV) display with YPbPr component video inputs. With compatible sources and displays, it permits HDTV images generated by a PC or other VGA source to be viewed on an HDTV that is capable of displaying the image format being produced by the source.
If your VGA source is a computer, the 9A60 will make the necessary electrical conversion to component video, but computers do not normally use standard HDTV resolutions, so you must adjust the computer's output signal to be compatible with your TV. Third party software is required for video compatibility and image adjustment. For Windows, use PowerStrip by EnTech Taiwan; for Macintosh, use DisplayConfigX.
The 9A60 is not a scaler. It passes the horizontal and vertical synchronization timings and pixel content to the outputs without modification. For example, a 1080i RGBHV source with a 9A60 will require your HDTV monitor to accept a 1080i YPbPr component video input. Generally, 1080i, 720p and 480p sources, such as set top boxes, may be displayed on monitors designed for the desired format, using the 9A60. However, some combinations of sources and televisions may produce undesired display artifacts or fail to work at all.
As an alternative, consider purchasing the Model 1366 Scaler for these applications. The 1366 can scale a computer image to a compatible HDTV resolution, and properly adjusts for overscan.
For more information on PC to HDTV applications, download the article: The Best of Both Worlds: Viewing a PC on a TV (157K, 4 pages).
Need a replacement power supply? The 9A60A uses a 12 Volt, 1 Amp power supply. (Model 571-013).
Product Focus Sheet: 9A60 (Coming Soon)
Comparison: Video Converters (PDF)
9A60 Installation Guide (PDF) READ BEFORE PURCHASING! "The Best of Both Worlds" Viewing an PC on a TV (Updated April 2009) (PDF, 4 pages)
Here is a closer look at the top of the 9A60A
Here is the input side of the device. The VGA-style HD-15 pin connector is on the left, and the power connection is on the right.
This picture shows the output side - notice the color-coded gold-plated RCA connectors for component video.
Here is the Product Focus sheet for the 9A60A's predecessor...the two models are very similar.
This is the User Manual in PDF format.
Here is a comparison of Audio Authority video converters in PDF format.
American Innovation and American workmanship are intrinsic in the Audio Authority name. Add customer-centric service from Cable Solutions and you get a superior experience. Don't get stuck with incorrect advice, bad service, slow shipping or inferior products. If you want the best, you need look no further.


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We are delighted to have returned to 1:1 appointments again while continuing to offer online options.
Your safety, health and wellness is of utmost concern to the team so we have provided masks, gloves, visors, sanitizers for you to use as you like on entering the clinic. We appreciate your patience and trust.
online or 1:1 appointments available Here
or on the therapists pages below.
Covid-19 & The Natural Clinic
See our online voucher option for online or 1:1 appointments
The Natural Clinic Therapists appreciate your support at this difficult time and are happy to help where we can at the clinic or online.
Please see this link re The Natural Clinic and Covid-19
Here at The Natural Clinic we have assembled a team of highly trained, experienced practitioners to work together to support you and your body as it heals itself, as it has been trying to do, naturally.
Our team of therapists are experts in their fields and work together to help your body to heal itself naturally using a 'work with the body' approach.
We know bodies have an innate ability to heal themselves if given the opportunity.
We give it just that and more. That is why we have helped so many people in Cork and beyond already.
Whether you need dietary changes, a physical therapy like osteopathy, acupuncture, reflexology, massage or emotional/counselling therapies like psychotherapy or counselling, emotional support practitioners or kinesiology we have the practitioner.
If you are unwell and don't know which of our many therapies is right for you then please contact us and we will confidentially talk you through some options.
Get in touch, book an appointment through reception or our online booking system and go for it; you'll be glad you started now.


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The Graduate Council is an elected representative body of the graduate faculty at SCSU. The Council has the responsibility for developing and maintaining University policies that establish the minimum acceptable standards for graduate programs of study offered at Southern Connecticut State University.
The Council meets the last Monday of the month from September through April, beginning at 1:00 and ending by 3:00 pm. Please find below the Council's meeting schedule for the 2019-2020 academic year:
Graduate Council Meetings 2019-2020
Graduate Council Membership
The Graduate Council Website Has Been Moved
The Executive Committee of the Graduate Council is very pleased to announce the launch of a new Confluence site to serve as the official repository for all official GC documents.


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About the Downingtown-Thorndale Regional Chamber of Commerce
The Downingtown Area Chamber of Commerce was established in 1945 and incorporated in 1947, and has met the changing needs of the Downingtown community.
In 2011 our name was changed to the Downingtown-Thorndale Regional Chamber of Commerce. Our Board of Directors expanded our service area to include the Thorndale community.
Our most valuable asset is our members who become involved and work towards our common goals. Our membership of approximately 150 consists of business owners, professionals, industrial companies, residents, and organizations interested in supporting the activities and ideals of our community.


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Neo-Victoriana, velvet supreme and big cape energy - check out BURO.'s haute Halloween looks - without a costume in sight
Halloween party dressing: we have a complicated relationship. One that has us rushing to the costumiers on Shaftesbury Avenue on October 30th and sulkily handing over too much cash for a catsuit (that's definitely too small), 'creepy' contact lenses and fake blood…because you never know when you might want fake blood, right? Oh, and let's not forget a Morticia-style wig that will inevitably get discarded after 30 minutes of wearing - and 'gramming. It's now two hours before the party and you're fretting it's not freitgeist-y enough. Though, if this is your niche: WAGatha Christie. For those of you who want to make a spell-binding entrance on All Hallows' Eve - without the panic of having to plan a full fancy dress outfit – check out BURO.'s fast-track to high-drama dressing you'll actually be able to wear again, and again.
mARC JACOBS Crystal-embellished tulle bolero jacket, £3,665
When in doubt, a high-octane cover up is worth every penny. Feathers! Tulle! Velvet! Crystals! The cape crusaders are out in full force. See Gucci, Givenchy and Dundas for inky velvet interpretations - or go hell-for (vegan) leather for a Matrix do-over. All about Big Sleeve Energy? Marc Jacobs's crystal-embellished tulle bolero jacket is on my wish-list. It also happens to be Ashley Olsen's recent choice of wedding guest drapery – sold.
Want to nod to the macabre and still look absolutely fabulous? A floor-skimming dress from cult-favourite The Vampire's Wife is well worth the investment. Part Victoriana, part 70s throwback - think maxi hemlines, lots of ruffles, metallics and velvet. Rising New York-based label Batsheva also serves up some impressive punk prairie looks. The vibe? Think a grown-up version of Christina Ricci's party gown in Casper.
If separates are really not your bag, the tuxedo dress is your one-stop way to channel black tie glamour with a 1980s twist. The modern update: avoid overly boxy silhouettes, seek out a satin peak lapel and dare to bare with sheer tights, a la Saint Laurent and street-style favourite Rotate.
Saint Laurent silk satin-trimmed wool mini dress, £2,595, Net-A-Porter
BURO.'s pick of the cult classic movies to stream on Halloween.
Psycho – Netflix
The Woman In Black – Amazon Prime
The CORPSE BRIDE – Amazon Prime
Suspiria – Amazon Prime
images i casper Sejerson, shutterstock


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Many times as an actor I find myself trying to gain the approval of other people. A psychologist might say this is exactly why one becomes an actor, for the instant approval and attention one gets at curtain call. This aspect of myself has come to be something of a blemish. A zit that always seems to pop up right before a big date. Before you know it all you can think about is that damn zit right in the middle of your forehead. You lose all sense of logic and do something stupid and pop it. Victory! Wait a minute. Now you have a bleeding, pus-oozing wound. Great. You go on the date and the whole time you are thinking, "This person must be staring at my gaping wound" the whole time causing you to be a nervous wreck, killing any chance at leaving a good impression.
That is exactly what happens to me when I concern myself with what other people think of me. As an artist, I realized seeking approval is death. I can't think of any good artist that concerned themselves with conforming to the status quo. Most broke conventions and might have been looked down upon at first but so is every innovation.
So I pledge from here on out to say F*ck it! The only approval I should concern myself with is my own.
Wednesday, April 14, 2010
Posted by Federico Trigo at 11:08 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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Proposed Finance Board Reforms
This page was last updated on: April 15, 2019
We are constantly updating this page with more resources and information for student organizations. Check back often to get the latest updates on the Finance Board reform proposal.
SGA leadership has spent the past year reviewing our policies and procedures regarding allocating funds to student organizations through the Finance Board. Your student organizations create a vibrant campus life, and it is the Finance Board's responsibility to efficiently allocate the Student Activities Fee to encourage that effort.
After reviewing our current structure and procedures, we know we can do a lot better.
We are proposing a new allocation system that we hope will make the process significantly easier to navigate for student organization officers, while continuing to support UMBC's undergraduate students.
This site has been designed to help you and your organization understand the proposal, and provide an opportunity for you to give the Finance Board feedback before these reforms take effect.


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Shell to begin oil drilling in Alaska
Royal Dutch Shell has been given an approval by the U.S. government to begin limited oil drilling in Alaska's Chukchi Sea. Shell had been waiting long for the approval, which kept it from tapping Arctic oil. Interior Secretary Ken Salazar highlighted that the U.S. government allow Shell to start only limited oil drilling in Alaska. Shell has informed that Shell's Noble Discoverer drill ship and vessel as well should start exploring the Arctic oil very soon.


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Book Tickets Online
AboutDiscover our subterranean world!
A carefully constructed path enables you to comfortably traverse the Marble Arch Caves whilst discrete lighting displays the cave features and delicate cave formations to their optimum. Our enthusiastic guides will lead you through awe-inspiring passages and further enhance your experience by interpreting the stories of this wonderous show cave.
Explore the Landscape!
Explore the surroundings of the Marble Arch Caves, set within an Area of Special Scientific Interest, Special Area of Conservation and in the heart of the Marble Arch Caves UNESCO Global Geopark. The Marble Arch Caves Visitor Centre is a venue for Walking, Events, Activities and Educational programmes providing the opportunity to explore the landscape encompassing this captivating setting.
Experience our Facilities!
Visitors to the Marble Arch Caves Visitor Centre can enjoy the Marble Arch Caves Tour, Visitor Information point, Marble Arch Café, Exhibition areas, Souvenir shop, Audio Visual Theatre and free car parking for coaches and cars.
Plan your journey!
Set in the picturesque foothills of Cuilcagh Mountain, just a short journey from Enniskillen town in Co. Fermanagh. If you wish to plan your journey our enthusiastic team is ready to assist you explore the Marble Arch Caves and its environs. You can contact a member of our Customer Service Team via the contact details provided or visit our website for more detailed information on Today's Tour, operating hours, Events our Frequently Asked Questions section and Local Attractions.
Attraction Facilities
- Gift Shop
- Guided Tours Available
- Open Mondays
- Open Sundays
- Picnic Area
- Tea-room/Cafe onsite
Children & Infants
- Baby changing facilities
Establishment Features
- Accept coach parties
- Toilets
Leisure Facilities
- Wifi
Parking & Transport
- On site parking
Payment Methods
- All major credit/debit cards accepted
- Euros accepted
Travel & Trade
- Family Discount


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About us
Welcome to the Hamburg Research Academy
Would you like to work on a doctorate in Hamburg? Are you pursuing an academic career or supervising the training of young researchers?
The Hamburg Research Academy is the central port of call for prospective doctoral researchers, enrolled doctoral researchers, postdocs, junior professors, and their supervisors at 9 higher education institutions in Hamburg.
Our website contains comprehensive information on the advancement of your career within and outside academia at Hamburg's higher education and research institutions. We support you throughout your academic career or as you consider other fields with target-group-specific events and workshops. The Hamburg Research Academy also finds offers for academics who instruct and supervise doctoral and early career researchers or who wish to initiate new programs for doctoral and early career researchers.
Your Hamburg Research Academy Team


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Professional, helpful and a great eye for detail, best describes Robyn. She regularly participates in training programs to ensure she remains up to date with current requirements to manage your investment property.
Robyn understands that as a property owner, it is vital that your property is maintained by a property manager who has systems and procedures in place to give you piece of mind that your investment property is in safe hands. Robyn prides herself on providing excellent service.
Robyn Screnci always acts with professionalism and courtesy.


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Узнать больше о подписке Scribd
Откройте для себя все, что может предложить Scribd, включая книги и аудиокниги от крупных издательств.
Hydraulic Systems Design Guidelines
1. Hydraulic Diagram Symbols
2. Types of Hydraulic Cylinder
3. Mountings Positions
4. Power Pack and Accessories
5. Hydraulic valves and Functions
6. Hydraulic Circuit Design
7. Calculations
Rajesh Kumdale
Engineer Design
Hydraulic Circuits Design Symbols
Hydraulic symbols can provide a clear representation of the function of each hydraulic component and therefore laying each symbol out on the page in the same way the components are placed in the circuit allows for the complete function of the hydraulic equipment to be diagnosed and understood.
Miscellaneous Symbols
-continuous line - flow line
-dashed line - pilot, drain
-envelope - long and short dashes around two or more component symbols.
-large circle - pump, motor
-small circle - Measuring devices
-semi-circle - rotary actuator
-one square - pressure control function -two or three adjacent squares - directional control
-diamond - Fluid conditioner (filter, separator, lubricator, heat exchanger)
-Flow Restriction
-solid - Direction of Hydraulic Fluid Flow
-open - Direction of Pnematic flow
Pumps and Compressors
Fixed Displacement hydraulic pump
Variable displacement hydraulic pump
Fixed displacement hydraulic motor
-bidirectional Variable displacement hydraulic motor -unidirectional
Pneumatic motor
Rotary Actuator
- hydraulic
- pneumatic
Single acting cylinder
Double acting cylinders
Cylinders with cushions
-returned by external force
-returned by spring or extended by spring force
-single piston rod (fluid required to extend and retract)
-double ended piston rod
- single fixed cushon
- double fixed cushion
- single adjustable cushion
- double adjustable cushion
Directional Control Valves
Directional control valve (2 ports / 2 positions)
-Normally closed directional control valve with 2 ports and 2 finite positions.
-Normally open directional control valve with 2 ports and 2 finite positions.
Directional control valve (3 ports / 2 positions)
-Normally closed directional control valve with 3 ports and 2 finite positions.
-Normally open directional control valve with 3 ports and 2 finite positions.
Directional control valve (4 ports / 2 positions)
-directional control valve with 4 ports and 2 finite postions
Directional control valve (4 ports / 3 positions)
-directional control valve with 4 ports and 3 finite postions
*-(center position can have various flow paths)
Directional control valve (5 ports / 2 positions) Normally a pneumatic valve
-directional control valve with 5 ports and 2 finite postions
Directional control valve (5 ports / 3 positions) Normally a pneumatic valve
-directional control valve with 5 ports and 3 finite postions
Proportional directional control valve Electro-hydraulic servo valve -The spool positions on these valves is variable allowing for variable flow conditions.
-single-stage direct operation unit which accepts an analog signal and provides a similar analog fluid power output
-two-stage with mechnical feedback indirect pilot operation unit which accepts an analog signal and provides a similar analog fluid power output
Control Methods
Manual Control
-general symbol (without showing the control type)
-foot pedal
Mechanical Control
-plunger or tracer
-roller(one direction only)
Electrical Control
-Solenoid (the one winding)
Pilot Operation
Pilot operated two-stage valve
-Pneumatic: Sol first stage
-Pneumatic: Air pilot second stage
-Hydraulic: Sol first stage
-Hydraulic: Hyd pilot second stage
Check valves, Shuttle valves, Rapid Exhaust valves
-check valve -free flow one direction, blocked flow in other direction
-pilot operated check valve, pilot to close
-pilot operated check valve, pilot to open
Shuttle valve
-to isolate one part of a system from an alternate part of circuit.
Rapid exhaust valve/Pneumatic
-installed close to an actuator for rapid movement of the actuator.
Pressure Control Valves
Pressure Relief Valve(safety valve) normally closed
- line pressure is limited to the setting of the valve, secondary part is directed to
Proportional Pressure Relief
- line pressure is limited to and proportional to an electronic signal
Sequence Valve
- when the line pressure reaches the setting of the valve, valve opens permitting flow to the secondary port. The pilot must be externally drained to tank.
valve - pressure downstream of valve is limited to the setting of the valve
Flow Control Valves
Throttle valve
-adjustable output flow
Flow Control valve
-with fixed output (variations in inlet pressure do not affect rate of flow)
-with fixed output and relief port to reservoir with relief for excess flow (variations in inlet pressure do not affect rate of flow)
-with variable output
-fixed orifice
-metered flow toward right free flow to left
-pressure compensated flow control fixed output flow regardless of load
-pressure and temperature compensated
-with variable output and relief port to reservoir
Flow dividing valve
-flow is divided equally to two outputs.
Shut-Off Valve
-Simplified symbol
Filters, Water Traps, Lubricators and Miscellaneous Apparatus
Filter or Strainer
Water Trap
Filter with water trap
-with manual drain
-with automatic drained
-automatic drain
Air Dryer
refrigerant, or chemical removal of water from compressed air line
Conditioning unit
-oil vapor is indected into air line
-compound symbol of filter, regulator, lubricator unit
-Simplified Symbol
Heat Exchangers
-air or water cooled unit designed to remove heat from oil returning to reservoir
Hydraulic Cylinder Types Cylinder
This single-action cylinder is pressurized only in one direction. Plunger cylinders are also available with an upper limit stop, which returns through its own weight. Application: Presses, construction machines, heavy vehicle construction, and so on.
According to pressurization of the piston area, this cylinder may be either a pressure or a traction cylinder. The unpressurized piston side has an air filter to prevent dust from penetrating into the cylinder and thus the wear connected with this problem. If a spring has been provided as reset force, the spring pretension must be determined.
Telescopic cylinders adapt to limited installation possibilities and, at the same time, fulfill the requirement for the longest stroke possible. All stages of the cylinder are pressurized on one side and the cylinder releases its power during extension. Its own weight on the consumer side makes the cylinder retract. Applications: Vehicle, excavator, and machine construction, and so on.
These cylinders are the most commonly used hydraulic cylinders. They are also manufactured with damping on the piston or rod side or on both sides.In the case of this model, a force can be transmitted in both directions of movement.
This telescopic cylinder does not return through its own weight and is thus effective in every position. Application: Feed mechanism for large furnaces and brick kilns.
Rod End Connection
Fix and Rigidly Guide
Pivoted and Rigidly Guide
Supported but not Rigidly Guide
Power Pack.
1) Hydraulic Driven Power Unit and Sizing
2) Hydraulic Motor
3) Valve Panel Assembly
Reservoir Size
Suction Strainer 4 to 5 times pump Flow capacity
4 to 5 times pump capacity
1. Oil reservoir
Float switch
Thermostat with display
Return filter
Electric motor
Axial piston pump
Pressure safety block
Pressure relief valve
Directional valve
11 Pressure gauge
12 Pressure hose
13 Check valve
14 Suction hose
15 Check flap with monitoring of the position
16 Motor pump assembly
17 Filter
18 Oil/water cooler 19 Water control valve, electric
Required for Design the Hydraulic Circuit, Pump capacity / Hose Power required by Driven the Pump / Working pressure and size of Reservoir Service to Store for Hydraulic Oil.
2) Breather Filter. Function this filter the air which breathes into and out of the reservoir, helping to maintain hydraulic fluid purity. As well as help to fill tank.
Choose a Breather Filter of 5 CFM Air flow capacity when the reservoir less than 50 Ltr, Flow Over 50 Ltr 25 CFM air flow breather can select.
3) Flot Switch . Float switch is a highly reliable product used for automated liquid control the regulator can be used for filling or empying function, according with the demands
4) Electronic Contact thermometer. Serve the temperature control of hydraulic system
The contact thermometer have two or four programmable temperature switching output alternatively one program mobile switch out put one analog output 4-20 mA with display and control unit.
Hydraulic Pump Power Calculations.
600 xn
= Pressure in Bar
= Flow rater of Pump LPM
= Efficiency 80 % (0.8)
Maximum Pressure
Maximum Flow
Type of Pump
Positive displacement
Positive and variable displacement
Axial Piston - port- plate
Axial Piston - valved
In-line Piston
Hydraulic Valves.
Directional Control Valve, Hydraulic - Description
Hydraulic valves function to control pressure, control flow or direct flow in response to external commands. Directional valves are valves that direct flow in response to external commands. Directional valves are referenced by the number of positions the spool will take (2, 3 or 4 positions are typical) and the number of hydraulic ports in the valve (2 way, 3 way and 4 way are typical). Examples are shown below.
Two way, Two Position (2/2) Valve
In a two way, two position valve, the servo can be in one of two positions and the two ways because there are 2 fluid ports in the valve (or, if you prefer, the valve housing). Although a spool arrangement is shown, any type of check valve could be considered a two way, two position valve.
(Two Positions Shown)
Three way, Two Position (3/2) Valve
In a three way, two position valve, there are three inlet/outlet ports in the valve and the spool can be in one of two positions. A 3/2 valve would be used to allow fluid flow into or out of actuator or motor.
Four Way, Two Position (4/2) Valve
In a four way, two position valves there are four inlet/outlet ports in the valve and the spool can be located in one of two positions. For 4/2 valve fluid is always flowing through the valve with system pressure supplied to one of the two outlet ports at all times. The other port would then be ported to return. 4/2 valves would normally be used in hydraulic systems in conjunction with an upstream shut valve (or 2/2 valve). In this case a 4/3 valve usually makes more sense. However, 4/3 valves can be found in power control units (PCUs), where a shutoff valve is installed in the PCU where a shut valve is not packaged with the 4/2 valve due to other design considerations in the PCU.
Four way, Three Position (4/3) Valve
In a four way, three position valve, the spool is in one of three positions and there are 4 inlet/outlet ports in the valve. In the midstroke position there is no flow through the valve. A good application of a 4/3 valve is actuator control, where the actuator control goal is to extend, retract or hold a position. 4/3 valves are used in servovalves, where the spool is controlled by a flapper valve or a jet pipe valve.
When specifying a directional control valve, the following parameters should be evaluated:
Pressure Rating – make sure valve is rated for your system pressure Pressure Drop – this is the manufacturer's pressure drop at a rated flow through the valve. There may be a tolerance on the pressure drop which may need to be evaluated.
Pressure and Flow Characteristics for a 4/3 Valve
Reference the 4/3 directional schematic above, note the flow areas from P s to P A and P B to P r are
equal (matched and symmetrical valve). Ignoring leakage through the servo piston, the flow rates
are characterized by the orifice flow equations,
Flow Control Valve, Hydraulic - Description
The two methods of controlling flow rate in a hydraulic circuit are (i) using a fixed orifice and (ii)
using a flow control valve. For accurate flow control, a device that regulates to a Δp across an orifice
is required – referred to as pressure compensated flow control valve. Figure 1 shows a simplified
pressure compensated flow control valve.
Schematic of a Inlet Pressure Regulated Flow Control Valve
As the Δp (force balance) across the servo varies the flow opening by the servo, the metering orifice inlet pressure is regulated. Hence as P1 increases (or P2 decreases), the servo moves to the left and reduces the servo flow area. And as P1 reduces (or P2 increases), the servo moves to the right thereby increasing the flow area. The flow control valve shown in Figure 1 modulates P1 to control
flow. Calibration of the flow control valve is obtained by adjusting the metering orifice. The spring preload may also be adjustable. A second example of the flow control valve is shown in Figure 2. In this valve, the servo modulates P2. However, the overall function of the valve is similar to the valve in Figure 1. Regulating P2 may be an advantage over regulating P1 if the servo port in Figure 1 could become the controlling orifice (flow area becomes smaller than the metering orifice). In this case the servo port opening would be controlling flow.
Pilot operated directional valve
This symbol shows a complete pilot operated directional valve. This would probably be a large, high flow, hydraulically operated bottom valve with a smaller electrically operated pilot valve. The solenoids show the hydraulic pilot as well as an external pilot pressure supply X and external pilot pressure drain Y. The symbol also shows and open centre P to T spool.
Proportional directional valve
The proportional valve symbol includes several key differences from the ON/OFF type directional valve. Firstly the outside of the spool section contains lines either side. The solenoids also have arrows running through them to show they operate gradually rather than just on and off. The square box with the triangle inside represents internal electronics although this will not be present on all proportional valves. Schematic of a Outlet Pressure Regulated Flow Control Valve
Check Valve, Hydraulic, Description
The function of a check valve is to prevent flow in one direction and allow flow in the other direction.
Check valves commonly use a poppet and light spring to control flow as shown in the figure below.
If P 1 A 1 > P 2 A 2 + spring force + friction, then flow occurs in the direction of the arrows. If P 1 A 1 < P 2 A 2
+ spring force + friction, then the poppet would be pushed to the left, against the stop, prohibiting
flow in the reverse direction.
Check Valve Schematic
The most common method for designing a check valve is illustrated in the Figure 1. Different manufacturers may utilize other design approaches. For example, another type of check valve is a ball that pushes against a spring. Operation is similar to the check valve shown in Figure 1 except a ball replaces the piston.Check valves are used in hydraulic systems anytime flow in a selected direction is not desirable or may create a problem. Check valves are not used in bidirectional flow lines, such as to and from actuators. Some examples where check valves are used are
Accumulator Operation and Applications
An accumulator: - is an energy storage device. It stores potential energy through the compression of a dry inert gas (typically nitrogen) in a container open to a relatively incompressible fluid (typically hydraulic oil). There are two types of accumulators commonly used today. The first is the bladder type (including diaphragm designs) and the second is the piston type. While other types of accumulator designs exist, compressed gas accumulators' ar far and away the most common. The bladder style uses a compressible gas contained in an elastic bladder mounted inside a shell.
Working: - 1.) When the hydraulic pump in the system is turned on it causes fluid to enter the accumulator. When fluid fills the shell, accumulator charging begins as the nitrogen in the bladder is compressed by a fluid pressure greater than its pre-charge pressure. This is the source of stored energy. (2.) As the bladder compresses due to the fluid filling the shell, it "deforms" in shape, taking up less space in the shell while at the same time, pressure in the bladder increases. This bladder "deformation" ceases when the pressure of the system fluid and the now compressed nitrogen become balanced. (3.) Upon downstream system demand, fluid system pressure falls and the stored fluid is pushed out of the accumulator shell and returned to the system under pressure exerted by the compressed nitrogen, whose pressure is now greater than the fluid pressure. Upon completion of whatever hydraulic system function the accumulator was designed to do, the cycle starts all over again with step one. One of the most important considerations in applying accumulators is calculating the correct pre-charge pressure for the type of accumulator being used, the work to be done and system operating parameters. Pre-charge pressure is generally 80 - 90% of the minimum system working pressure to allow a small amount of fluid to remain in the accumulator. cause accumulator damage or failure. Conversely, a properly designed and maintained accumulator should operate trouble-free for years.
Hydraulic Hose Sizing
Hydraulic Formula
(v)VELOCITY OF FLUID IN PIPE (m/s)
d = bore of pipe (mm)
= flow rate (l/min)
Note: Normally accepted flow range for intake lines 0.6 – 1.2 (lit/min) for pressure lines 2 – 5 (lit/min). Stated flow rates for continuous duty application, for intermittent duty cycles, with due considerations to ∆t pressure lines could be exceeded. Example Hitachi EX450 dipper cylinder annulus (rod side) delivery flow v = 10.2 m/s head side exhaust flow v = 20 m/s.
∆t = TEMPERATURE RISE DUE TO PRESSURE DROP IN A SYSTEM
pressure drop (bar)
∆t = 600
= Kw
a pipeline system the total heat produced will be dissipated over the whole length of the run via radiation &
convection. That may be sufficient in effecting sufficient heat dissipation to maintain acceptable oil temperature 650 - 700C.
(p) PRESSURE REQUIRED IN A CYLINDER TO LIFT A LOAD (bar) (1bar = 10N/cm2 )
Newtons (N)
= Area (cm2)
= Pressure
CYLINDER (Newtons) (N)
A =Area (cm2)
x A
( A ) AREA (cm2) OF A CYLINDER REQUIRED FOR A GIVEN FORCE
= Newtons (N)
Force (F) = 5000N
Pressure(p) 50 bar (50 x 10 = 500Ncm2)
= 500 N/cm2 = 50
Area (A) = 10 cm2
l / min bar
= kW
kW 9550
= Nm
bar cc (rev / min)
Nm =
100,000 pascal (Pa) / 100 kilo pascal (kPa) / 10Ncm2 / 100,000 (105) Nm / 14.504 psi
/ 1.02kgf/cm2 /
(10 bar = 1 mega pascal (1 MPa)
1 bar =
The SI standard unit for pressure is the "pascal" (Pa) though used mainly in academic applications
1 newton (N) =
0.1019367 kgf
1 kiogram force (kgf) =
9.81N / 2.204 lbf
1 Pound force (lbf) =
1 Kilo watt (kW) =
1 Horse power (hp) =
kW / 2545 British thermal units / hour (BTU/h)
1 Litre (ltr) =
Imperial gallons
1 Imperial gallon (gall) =
F acts on a piston, this force creates a pressure on the piston area Ak. Conversely, this force is also a resistance that the pump delivery Q meets. In this way, a pressure builds that acts evenly on all sides, including the piston area Ak. The piston can thus now exert a force itself according to the following formula:
F pxAk
F = p * Ar (Analogously for the return flow)
Piston force
(D² x 3,14)
in [N]
Piston area
in [mm²]
(D²-d²) x 3,14
Piston ring area
Piston diameter
in [mm]
Piston rod diameter
Stroke length
Pump delivery
in [l/min]
Stroke time
in [s]
in [m/s]
Since friction and pressure losses reduce the piston force, a safety margin of 15-25% should be allowed for compensation when you select a cylinder. The theoretical compressive or attractive forces of the hydraulic cylinders can be found in the documents for every series.
Piston Speed
The feed flow or return flow speeds are calculated using the flows of liquid coming from the pump, which fill the stroke volume of the hydraulic cylinder within a certain unit of time. For the speeds specified above, the following equations result under consideration of the usual units:
= Feed Flow
= Return Flow
Please observe that the volume of liquid flowing away during the return flow is always greater than the in-flowing liquid due to the difference in area.
As a result, the return flow is faster than the feed flow.
If the length of the cylinder stroke is known, the stroke time t can be calculated as follows:
A kxh
A rxh
Feed Flow
Return Flow
Buckling strength of the Piston Rod
The danger of the piston rods buckling during long strokes and an additional unfavorable cylinder mounting determine the cylinder sizes and their limits. The calculations are usually carried out according to Euler since the piston rods are to be seen as slender rods. The following applies:
F k
2 x ExI
L k 2
Force at which the piston rod buckles
Modulus of elasticity (Steel 210000 N/mm2)
Moment of inertia (for circle cross-section)
Free buckling length
The following diagram shows the four so-called Eulerian load cases. The permissible stroke lengths of every hydraulic cylinder series are listed in the appendix.
the case of end position damping, the kinetic energy is converted to heat energy. At a constant delay, the following applies:
(Energy conservation law)
Moved mass
Effective damping area
Average damping pressure in
Damping distance
This results in the average damping pressure:
mxv 2
2 xAxs
Stroke and Total Length Tolerances According to DIN 7169G
L + Stroke = Installation Length in mm
Permissible Deviation in mm
+/- 2
+/- 3
+/- 5
Recommended Maximum Oil Velocity in Hydraulic Lines mps = meters per second Pump suction lines -0 .6 to 1.2 mps Pres. lines to 35 bar - 3 to 4½ mps Pres. lines to 206.8 bar - 4½ to 6 mps Pres. lines over 200 bar - 7½ mps Oil lines in air/oil system - 1¼ mps Note:- Avoid Flow rate > 8 m/sec.resulting force is high can be destroy tube lines.
Line Sizing.
The velocity of hydraulic fluid through a conductor (pipe, tube or hose) is dependent on flow rate and Cross sectional area. Recommended fluid velocities through pipes and hoses in hydraulic systems are as Follows
Velocity ( Ft/Sec)
Velocity ( m/sec)
Suction / intake
0.6 to 1.2
4- 13
1.5 to 4
Pressure / discharge
7- 18
2, to 5.5
Use values at the lower end of the range for lower pressures or where operation is continuous. Refer to the flow/velocity nomograms on pages four and five for more information, alternatively, fluid velocity
In metric units
Flow calculated formula Tube ID
V = velocity in meters per second (m / Sec)
= Flow rate in liters per minute
(L / min)
= inside diameter of pipe or hose in millimetres (mm)
Pressure drop
Friction between the fluid flowing through a conductor and its inside wall causes losses, which are Quantified as pressure drop. Pressure drop in conductors is an important consideration for the designer
= Flow rate in litres per minute (L/min)
Inside diameter of pipe or hose in millimetres (mm)
(cSt) = Kinematic viscosity of fluid (at operating temperature) in centistokes
P = Density of the fluid in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m³)
L = Length of the pipe, tube or hose in metres (m)
Calculate the Reynolds Number (Re)
Calculate Friction factor: - F = 64 / Re f = Friction Factor. Re = Reynolds Number < 2300
If the Reynold Number is between 2300 and 4000 flow is transition and greater than 4000 Flow is turbulent for reynold Numbers greater than 2300 and less than 1000,000 the following formula can be used to calculate the friction factor.
Calculate Pressure drop
= Pressure drop in Pascal (Pa)
= velocity in meter per second (m /sec)
= Friction factor
= Length of Pipe in meter (m)
= density of fluid in kilogram cubic meter (870 - 890 kg/m3 for hydraulic oil)
= inside diameter of pipe in (m)


text:
Topic: Couldn't be so...
Things that just couldn't be so...
Just to keep the pot stirred.
In Monday's Time Magazine John Dickerson offered this: A Peace President?
To cut to the chase:
Oh yeah, that'll fly.Indeed, the President is privately telling aides that after leading the nation to war in his first term, he wants to spend his next four years being "a peace President." Officials in the Administration contend he has more credibility as a diplomat now that he has shown a willingness to use force to back his principles. "The reason diplomacy will be effective in a second term is because of the use of the military," says a senior Administration official. Doubters suspect the shift is aimed at coaxing other nations to help rescue his failing Iraq policy -- and to present a less warlike face to voters. Bush campaign advisers concede as much. "It may help overseas, yes," says a top Bush campaign adviser, "but if nothing else, it gives us ammunition to push back against Kerry."
One commentator calls this lunacy. But qualified lunacy.
Maybe so. Will people buy the sizzle and not the steak? If the most powerful man in the world says something is so, is it so?I don't mean lunacy in a "mental illness" way, I mean in a completely detached from reality kind of way. The reality is unimportant, only the label and perception that matters. Standard fare in politics, until the candidate and his people are unable to distinguish between the two.
We'll see about that.
Second Item
The ongoing prisoner abuse scandal - none dare call it torture? - is just a problem with a few bad apples (a silly metaphor). Yeah, right.
This from the Washington Post:
Soldier Described White House Interest
Staff Requested Data From Abu Ghraib, Probers Told
R. Jeffrey Smith, Washington Post Staff Writer, Wednesday, June 9, 2004; Page A03
Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld and Rice had no idea such awful things were afoot?
All the memos advising how to avoid being charged with ware crimes like torture being revealed in the press, all the photos, and all the recently opened investigations of homicide (of these damned wimp prisons who had the nerve to die on us - starting at thirty-two open investigations and now in the low eighties) - and now this.The head of the interrogation center at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq told an Army investigator in February that he understood some of the information being collected from prisoners there had been requested by "White House staff," according to an account of his statement obtained by The Washington Post.
Lt. Col. Steven L. Jordan, an Army reservist who took control of the Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center on Sept. 17, 2003, said a superior military intelligence officer told him the requested information concerned "any anti-coalition issues, foreign fighters, and terrorist issues."
The Army investigator, Maj. Gen. Antonio M. Taguba, asked Jordan whether it concerned "sensitive issues," and Jordan said, "Very sensitive. Yes, sir," according to the account, which was provided by a government official.
The reference by Jordan to a White House link with the military's scandal-plagued intelligence-gathering effort at the prison was not explored further by Taguba, whose primary goal at that time was to assess the scope of prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib. The White House was unable to provide an immediate explanation.
It is hard to fight a war on terror when everyone is on your case about your methods.
Hey, if all this went to the very top, including daily reports to Condoleezza on how firm we were being with those we detained, wouldn't we all agree what our government does doesn't matter as long as we're safe. And the Rice woman needs something to make her smile each day.
Third Item
When you control the media, you get what you want.
As Kevin Drum points out - "Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi thinks a big turnout in Sunday's election will help his party. So, since ownership of half the media in the country apparently wasn't enough to get the word out, he decided to send text messages to all 56 million cell phones in the country."
Yeah, well, you can read all about it in The Guardian (UK) here. The idea didn't work out so well in practice:
Silvio Berlusconi must have the same lawyers as Rumsfeld.Many of the messages arrived in the night, activating the alarms of hundreds of thousands of mobiles and waking their owners.
....Italian law authorises the government to carry out mass texting "in cases of disaster or natural calamities" and "for reasons of public order or public health and hygiene".
Mr Berlusconi's supporters argued that a decree authorising the move, signed by the interior minister, Giuseppe Pisanu, on Thursday, complied with the law because the messages would ensure a steadier flow of voters and thus avert any threat to public order.
The law can be a flexible thing, open to interpretation.
One hopes Colin Powell's son Michael, the fellow who heads the FCC, isn't getting ideas.
Fourth Item
From the Associated Press: Conservative radio commentator Rush Limbaugh announced Friday that he and his wife, Marta, were divorcing. That's here. Add your own sarcastic comments if you wish about how this sort of thing is bound to happen when gay couples are allowed to marry - which is what Limbaugh likes to claim on the air. Gay marriage will destroy convention marriage.
Perhaps. If you read the AP item you will see this was Limbaugh's third marriage. He hammers the "drug culture" and it turns out he has a serious addiction problem himself. He rants about family values and that sort of thing, as his third marriage falls apart. And his six million fans love him anyway. No one is perfect and his opinions are still correct.
Oh well.
Posted by Alan at 09:40 PDT
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Updated: Saturday, 12 June 2004 09:49 PDT home