text:
Teaching Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Science and Engineering Across Europe within Horizon 2020
As the FCHT industry gradually emerges into the markets, the need for trained staff becomes more pressing. TeacHy2020 specifically addresses the supply of undergraduate and graduate education (BEng/BSc, MEng/MSc, PhD etc.) in fuel cell and hydrogen technologies (FCHT) across Europe. TeacHy 2020 will take a lead in building a repository of university grade educational material, and design and run an MSc course in FCHT, accessible to students from all parts of Europe. To achieve this, the project has assembled a core group of highly experienced institutions working with a network of associate partners (universities, vocational training bodies, industry, and networks). TeacHy2020 offers these partners access to its educational material and the use of the MSc course modules available on the TeacHy2020 site. Any university being able to offer 20% of the course content locally, can draw on the other 80% to be supplied by the project. This will allow any institution to participate in this European initiative with a minimised local investment. TeacHy2020 will be offering solutions to accreditation and quality control of courses, and support student and industry staff mobility by giving access to placements. Schemes of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) will be integrated into the project activities. We expect a considerable leverage effect which will specifically enable countries with a notable lack of expertise, not only in Eastern Europe, to quickly be able to form a national body of experts. TeacHy will offer educational material for the general public (e.g. MOOC's), build a business model to continue operations post-project, and as such act as a single-stop shop and representative for all matters of European university and vocational training in FCHT. The project partnership covers the prevalent languages and educational systems in Europe. The associated network has over 20 partners, including two IPHE countries, and a strong link to IPHE activities in education.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
Pre-normative research for safe use of liquid hydrogen
In the proposed project PRESLHY pre-normative research for the safe use of cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH2) will be performed. The consortium consists of European key organizations from the International Association for Hydrogen Safety HySafe with the relevant background related to LH2 safety research and will be coordinated by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT. The work program duly refers to the outcomes of Research Priorities Workshops commonly organized by IA HySafe, EC JRC, and US DoE. Via HySafe and IEA HIA it will be aligned with other international activities also dedicated to safety issues of LH2, in particular with current research done at Sandia National Laboratory SNL. The results will help to improve the knowledge base and state-of-the-art, which will be reflected in appropriate recommendations for development or revision of specific international standards. So, the main objectives of PRESLHY are to identify critical knowledge gaps and to close these by developing and validating new appropriate models. Based on these results and with the better understanding of the relevant phenomena, specific engineering correlations will be derived which will help to evaluate mitigation concepts and safety distance rules for LH2 based technologies. The derived models and correlations could be directly implemented in new standards ans/or will fill current gaps in risk assessment tools, like the US supported hydrogen risk assessment toolkit HyRAM, and increase their validated scope of application. In general it will remove over-conservative requirements for innovative solutions, allows for cost-efficient safer design and for internationally harmonised, performance based standards and regulations. These objectives are fully aligned with European scientific-technological interests and strategies and very important to further the safe introduction and scale-up of hydrogen as an energy carrier.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
Investigations on degradation mechanisms and definition of protocols for PEM fuel cells accelerated stress testing
ID-FAST aims at supporting and promoting the deployment of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) technologies for automotive applications through the development of Accelerated Stress Tests (AST) together with a methodology allowing durability prediction, thus accelerating the introduction of innovative materials in next generation designs. The project is founded and focused on two main points: degradation mechanisms understanding and durability prediction improvement via the development and validation of specific ASTs and associated transfer functions. Degradation investigations will be based on consolidated data (objects with known history and ageing data) from both real systems tested in cars and ID-FAST test program to ensure relevant analysis of failure modes and performance losses together with a mean to validate the developed methodology. Investigation of stressors impact on components degradation and performance losses will give access to the accelerating factor for each single mechanism AST. Thanks to the expertise of partners, understanding will be ensured by advanced ex-situ and in-situ characterisations to identify and quantify components degradation phenomena, and by modelling and multi-scale simulation tools to investigate the impact of various stressors and to relate causes to performance losses. Combined AST protocols will be developed and validated with regard to their capability to actually reduce testing time and their relevance assessed by correlation to real world ageing. The methodology developed will allow prediction of stack lifetime and thus will be valuable for the whole automotive fuel cell community. To achieve its objectives, ID-FAST will benefit from the strong expertise of 8 partners (4 research centres, 1 university, 1 SME and 2 large companies) all along the value chain, and from an Advisory Group gathering industrial companies from components manufacturers to end-users, as well as recognised laboratories from USA and Japan.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
Hydrogen delivery risk assessment and impurity tolerance evaluation
HYDRAITE project aims to solve the issue of hydrogen quality for transportation applications with the effort of partners from leading European research institutes and independent European automotive stack manufacturer, together with close contact and cooperation with the European FCH industry. In this project, the effects of contaminants, originating from the hydrogen supply chain, on the fuel cell systems in automotive applications are studied. As an outcome, recommendations for the current ISO 14687 standards will be formulated based on the technical data of the impurity concentrations at the HRS, FC contaminant studies under relevant automotive operation conditions, and inter-compared gas analysis. The methodology for determining the effect of contaminants in automotive PEMFC system operation will be developed by six leading European research institutes in co-operation with JRC and international partners. In addition, a methodology for in-line monitoring of hydrogen quality at the HRS, as well as sampling strategy and methodology for new impurities, gas, particles and liquids, will be evolved. Three European laboratories will be established, capable of measuring all of the contaminants according to ISO 14687 standards, and provide a strong evidence on the quality and reliability on their result. Beyond the project, the three laboratories will offer their services to the European FCH community. In addition, a network of expert laboratories will be set, able to provide qualitative analysis and the first analytical evidence on the presence or absence of these new compounds with potential negative effect to the FCEV. The efficient dissemination and communication improves the resulting data and input for the recommendations for ISO standards of hydrogen fuel. The project and its results will be public, to boost the impact of the project outcomes and to enhance the competitiveness of the European FC industry.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
Novel Education and Training Tools based on digital applications related to Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology
Education and training for the fuel cell and hydrogen (FCH) technology sector is critical for the current and future workforce as well as for the further implementation of a promising technology within Europa. The project NET-Tools will develop an e-infrastructure and provide digital tools and information service for educational issues and training within FCH technologies based on most recent IT tools. NET-Tools will constitute a technology platform, leveraging robust and effective open source/free learning management systems while offering a unique blend of novel digital tools encompassing the spheres of information, education and research. With its two main pillars e-Education, eLaboratory, the project addresses various target groups and levels of education - from higher schools and universities (undergraduate and graduate students) to professionals and engineers from industry, offering both e-learning modules and on-line experimental techniques. The main goal is to develop new e-education methods and concepts, ICTbased services and tools for data- and computer-intensive research to enhance the knowledge, productivity and competitiveness of those interested or already directly involved in the massive implementation of H2 and FCH technologies in Europe. NET-Tools will be delivered combining the expertise of major experts and practitioners on FCH sector under the guidance of leading companies gathered in a board, while interacting with similar activities in US, Asia and South Africa. It has the capacity to pave the road to more efficient digital science combining latest technical achievements and an internet culture of openness and creativity, while pursuing the ambition to become the hydrogen counterpart of Coursera. The development of business concepts will guide NET-Tools as an e-infrastructure useable for FCH-Community into the future.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
Identification of legal rules and administrative processes applicable to Fuel Cell and Hydrogen technologies' deployment, identification of legal barriers and advocacy towards their removal.
The fuel cells and hydrogen (FCH) industry has made considerable progress toward market deployment. However existing legal framework and administrative processes (LAPs) – covering areas such as planning, safety, installation and operation – only reflect use of incumbent technologies. The limited awareness of FCH technologies in LAPs, the lack of informed national and local administrations and the uncertainty on the legislation applicable to FCH technologies elicit delays and extra-costs, when they do not deter investors or clients. This project aims at tackling this major barrier to deployment as follows: Systematically identifying and describing the LAPs applicable to FCH technologies in 18 national legal systems as well as in the EU proper legal system. Assessing and quantifying LAP impacts in time and/or resource terms and identify those LAP constituting a legal barrier to deployment. Comparing the 18 countries to identify best and bad practices. Raising awareness in the countries where a LAP creates a barrier to deployment. Advocating targeted improvements in each of 18 countries + EU level. It will make all this work widely available through: A unique online database allowing easy identification, description and assessment of LAPs by country and FCH application. Policy papers by applications and by country with identification of best practice and recommendations for adapting LAP. A series of national (18) and European (1) workshops with public authorities and investors. HyLAW sets up a National Association Alliance not just for the duration of the project, but for the long term consolidation of the sector under a single unified umbrella. By bringing together these national associations and all of Hydrogen Europe's members, it's the first time ever that the entire European FCH sector is brought together with a clear and common ambition.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
New technologies and strategies for fuel cells and hydrogen technologies in the phase of recycling and dismantling
High deployment of fuel cells and hydrogen technologies is expected in the near term in the EU to decarbonize energy and transport sectors. The idea is to generate vast amounts of green hydrogen from the expected surplus of renewable energy sources (implemented policies are going towards 65% of electricity from renewable energy sources by 2050) to be used in transport (moving fuel cell electric vehicles), energy (feeding stationary fuel cells for cogeneration, injecting hydrogen into the gas grid) and industries (hydrogen generation for chemical industries).
However, the expected commercial FCH technologies (mainly PEM and alkaline electrolysers as well as PEM and Solid Oxide fuel cells) are not prepared for full deployment in what regards to recycling and dismantling stage.
The main goal of proposal is to deliver reference documentation and studies about existing and new recycling and dismantling technologies and strategies applied to Fuel Cells and Hydrogen (FCH) technologies, paving the way for future demonstration actions and advances in legislation.
To achieve this goal, the following key steps will be followed considering the involvement and validation of relevant FCH value chain actors and the HYTECHCYCLING Advisory Board of manufacturers:
- Pre-study and techno-economic, environmental, RCS assessment related to dismantling & recycling of FCH technologies to detect future needs and challenges
- Development of new technologies and strategies applied to FCH technologies in the phase of recycling & dismantling and LCA analysis considering critical, expensive and scarce materials inventory
- Proposal of new business model, implementation roadmap and development of reference recommendations and guidelines to focus the sector and pave the way for future demonstrations and introduction of the concept among FCH stakeholders.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
Improving Hydrogen Safety for Energy Applications (HySEA) through pre-normative research on vented deflagrations
The aim of the HySEA project is to conduct pre-normative research on vented deflagrations in enclosures and containers for hydrogen energy applications. The ambition is to facilitate the safe and successful introduction of hydrogen energy systems by introducing harmonized standard vent sizing requirements. The partners in the HySEA consortium have extensive experience from experimental and numerical investigations of hydrogen explosions. The experimental program features full-scale vented deflagration experiments in standard ISO containers, and includes the effect of obstacles simulating levels of congestion representative of industrial systems. The project also entails the development of a hierarchy of predictive models, ranging from empirical engineering models to sophisticated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element (FE) tools. The specific objectives of HySEA are:
- To generate experimental data of high quality for vented deflagrations in real-life enclosures and containers with congestion levels representative of industrial practice;
- To characterize different strategies for explosion venting, including hinged doors, natural vent openings, and commercial vent panels;
- To invite the larger scientific and industrial safety community to submit blind-predictions for the reduced explosion pressure in selected well-defined explosion scenarios;
- To develop, verify and validate engineering models and CFD-based tools for reliable predictions of pressure loads in vented explosions;
- To develop and validate predictive tools for overpressure (P) and impulse (I), and produce P-I diagrams for typical structures with relevance for hydrogen energy applications;
- To use validated CFD codes to explore explosion hazards and mitigating measures in larger enclosures, such as warehouses; and
- To formulate recommendations for improvements to European (EN-14994), American (NFPA 68), and other relevant standards for vented explosions.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
Hydrogen For All of Europe
Despite major technological development and the start of commercial deployments of the fuel cells and hydrogen technology, the public awareness of FCH technologies has lagged behind this technical progress so far, restricting the appetite of potential customers and risking a lack of support from policymakers. To address this challenge, a consortium of leading experts has come together, combining communication experts, PR of established manufacturers and technology suppliers and world-class experts on the societal benefits of low carbon technologies. Together, they will deliver HY4ALL, an ambitious programme to drive a step-change in awareness and excitement around fuel cells and hydrogen and deliver clear and consistent messages that resonate with all audiences, from policymakers to the general public. The project will be active in minimum 11 member states, and will be closely linked to the large numbers of existing hydrogen initiatives and demonstrations, maximising its impact and allowing the communication strategy to influence dissemination work beyond the project for lasting effects. The project aims will be delivered through the following activities:
- Development of an overarching communication strategy, that will form the basis for all subsequent project activities and will allow the FCH community to speak with 'one voice'
- Creation of an interactive web portal for FCH technologies, providing a 'one stop shop' for visitors seeking information and acting as a single brand and hub for all other dissemination activities
- A cross-European "hydrogen for society" roadshow with fuel cell vehicles travelling between cities across the EU. The roadshow will form the focal point for a variety of innovative dissemination activities, public debates, co-hosting of national vehicle and infrastructure launches
- A robust assessment of the macro-economic and societal benefits of FCH technologies, providing fact-based analysis used to convey clear messages.
External links:
"HArnessing Degradation mechanisms to prescribe Accelerated Stress Tests for the Realization of SOC lifetime prediction Algorithms"
AD ASTRA aims to define Accelerated Stress Testing (AST) protocols deduced from a systematic understanding of degradation mechanisms of aged components in solid oxide cell (SOC) stacks, operating in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes. In particular, fuel and oxygen electrode issues and interconnect contact loss will be tackled. The project will build upon relevant information harvested in FCH JU projects, as well as make use of many samples taken from stacks operated in the field for thousands of hours, supplied by leading European SOC manufacturers across the two application areas CHP and P2X (combined heat&power generators and power-to-commodity energy storage). The approach to harnessing the intricate phenomena causing critical performance degradation will be based upon a methodical analysis of in-service performance data correlated with post-operation states, augmented by a dual-focus campaign targeting macroscopic stack testing procedures as well as specific component ageing tests. The probabilistic nature of degradation will be captured by slimming down deterministic simulation models through conception and integration of stochastic correlations between (nominal/accelerated) operating conditions and degradation effects, based on statistically significant data obtained from field-tests and purposely generated experiments. Stochastic interpretation will thus serve the physical description of dominant SOFC degradation mechanisms in CHP and P2X operation, but allowing rapid estimation of remaining useful stack life. The combined results will be translated to validated test protocols that allow quantifying and predicting degradation in SOCs as a function of test aggravation, defining appropriate transfer functions between stress-accelerating and real-world conditions. The overall project approach will be formalized for adoption by the relevant standards-developing organisations.
External links:
CORDIS link , Project's website
Fuel Cells HydroGen educatiOnal model for schools
FCH have a central role to play in the development of renewable energy sources and, consequently, in the reduction of environmental damage caused by conventional energy sources such coal or oil. A dedicated model of education is needed, especially one directed at the coming generations, in order to make the ecological thinking a fundamental part of our culture and habits, in the context of the industrial priorities in this field. Working out such forms of education is the purpose of FCHgo. Along the project, a wide activity of dissemination of a toolkit for teachers and pupils at the primary and secondary school level will be realized, ensuring technical and pedagogical excellence. Our methodological approach:
- takes into account the cognitive tools of pupils at various stages of development
- uses different forms of expression by employing narrative forms of communication and
- includes the presence of stakeholders and industries active in the field, to tell the stories of successful applications and fostering careers in this field.
FCHgo will result in a set of tools, namely: an educational toolkit with narrative explanations of the technology, its functioning and applications, translated in 10 European languages; a website as connecting point for all the users and containing a wikispace; a set of workshops in the classrooms of 6 countries, involving pupils from 8 to 18 to test and improve upon the materials and set the indicators for the activities' evaluation; the first edition of an annual award to the best idea/solution to employ FCH, including an award ceremony; a final guideline describing an educational program delivery model, linked to priorities defined by industry.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
PNR for safety of hydrogen driven vehicles and transport through tunnels and similar confined spaces
The aim of the HyTunnel-CS project is to perform pre-normative research for safety of hydrogen driven vehicles and transport through tunnels and similar confined spaces (FCH-04-1-2018). The main ambition is to facilitate hydrogen vehicles entering underground traffic systems at risk below or the same as for fossil fuel transport. The specific objectives are: critical analysis of effectiveness of conventional safety measures for hydrogen incidents; generation of unique experimental data using the best European hydrogen safety research facilities and three real tunnels; understanding of relevant physics to underpin the advancement of hydrogen safety engineering; innovative explosion and fire prevention and mitigation strategies; new validated CFD and FE models for consequences analysis; new engineering correlations for novel quantitative risk assessment methodology tailored for tunnels and underground parking; harmonised recommendations for intervention strategies and tactics for first responders; recommendations for inherently safer use of hydrogen vehicles in underground transportation systems; recommendations for RCS. The objectives will be achieved by conducting interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral research by a carefully built consortium of academia, emergency services, research and standard development organisations, who have extensive experience from work on hydrogen safety and safety in tunnels and other confined spaces. The complementarities and synergies of theoretical, numerical and experimental research will be used to close knowledge gaps and resolve technological bottlenecks in safe use of hydrogen in confined spaces. The project outcomes will be reflected in appropriate recommendations, models and correlations could be directly implemented in relevant RCS (UN GTR#13, ISO/TC 197, CEN/CLC/TC 6, etc.). HyTunnel-CS will reduce over-conservatism, increase efficiency of installed safety equipment and systems to save costs of underground traffic systems.
External links:
European Hydrogen Train the Trainer Programme for Responders
The aim of the HyResponder project is to develop and implement a sustainable trainer the trainer programme in hydrogen safety for responders throughout Europe, supporting the commercialisation of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies by informing responders involved in the permitting process, improving resilience and preparedness, and ensuring appropriate accident management and recovery. The specific objectives of the project include the development of clear and updated operational, virtual reality, and educational training for trainers of responders to reflect the state-of-the-art in hydrogen safety. The European Emergency Response Guide for responders will be revised to reflect advancements. The materials will incorporate identified intervention strategies and tactics for liquefied hydrogen applications. A Pan-European Network of responder trainers will be established and trainers from at least 10 European countries will attend a bespoke course in hydrogen safety pertinent to responders. Using feedback from the network on national specificities, educational training materials will be adapted where required to reflect regional peculiarities. The materials for responders will be translated and made available in 8 languages via an e-Platform. The translated materials will be utilised by the newly trained trainers to deliver workshops in 10 countries across Europe enhancing the reach and impact of the programme. National Training Clusters will be developed to consolidate links between the hydrogen safety and responder communities and to support the delivery of workshops at a national level. Through the establishment of an International e-forum for responders, and the integration of the translated materials in the e-Platform, it is anticipated that a sustainable pan-European training programme in hydrogen safety for responders will be developed, which will be recognised as the standard in hydrogen safety training across Europe.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
Protocol for heavy duty hydrogen refuelling
The objective of the proposal is to build the foundations of non-proprietary heavy duty refueling protocols for large tank systems (larger than 10kg), such as the ones found in heavy duty hydrogen applications. The consortium of PrHyde involves all the types of stakeholders linked with hydrogen HD refuelling. It and is therefore well suited to take end user needs, learnings from existing light duty protocols, learnings from the field, requirements for heavy duty applications, existing prior work (e.g. HyTransfer), considerations for improvements and requirements for safety into account and combine those into a proposal for a protocol that meets long term customer needs. Key metrics are refueling time, potential for cost reduction and ease of use. Although the consortium is formed by a large variety of companies, further partners are involved through a series of workshops to make sure the wider industry perspective is captured. The protocol to be developed is validated by simulation and experimental work on single tanks and multi-tank systems, showing that the proposed protocol works as intended and the understanding of thermodynamic effects on large, multi-vessel systems is adequate. Performance specifications for components and application-to-infrastructure communications are a planned by-product of the project. The results of the project will be used to develop an international standard for wide reach and adaptation outside of the project scope. The work will enable the widespread deployment of hydrogen for heavy duty applications, such as trucks, trains, etc. but also transport systems. The results are both a valuable guidance for station design, but also the prerequisite for the deployment of a standardized, cost effective infrastructure. To maximize impact, solutions are developed for pressure levels of 35MPa, 50MPa and 70MPa and non-gaseous storage options are analyzed and benchmarked against current state of the art storage and refueling performance.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website
Testing Hydrogen admixture for Gas Applications
THyGA main goal is to enable the wide adoption of hydrogen and natural gas (H2/NG) blends by closing knowledge gaps regarding technical impacts on residential and commercial gas appliances. For this purpose, THyGA will:
• Screen the portfolio of technologies in the domestic and commercial sectors and assess theoretically the impact of hydrogen / natural gas admixture in order to have a quantitative segmentation of the gas appliance market and a selection of the most adequate products to be tested
• Test up to 100 residential and commercial gas appliances (hobs, boilers, CHP, Heat pumps, etc.) and how 200 Million of European gas appliances will react to various H2 concentration scenarios
• Benchmark and develop pre-certification protocols (test gases) for different level of H2 in natural gas for coming integration in standardization, these protocols will be validated through tests
• Make recommendations for manufacturers, decision makers and end-users along the gas value chain to enable mitigation strategies for retrofit.
External links:
CORDIS link, Project's website


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In J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium, Arda is the name given to the Earth in a period of prehistory, wherein the places mentioned in The Lord of the Rings and related material once existed. It included several seas and oceans, and the continents of Middle-earth, the Dark Lands, and Aman (The Undying Lands), as well as the island of Númenor and other lands, left largely unnamed by Tolkien.
- Main article: Middle-earth
Arda was part of Eä, the universe of all which exists. Arda was created, together with the rest of Eä, through the Music of the Ainur for the Children of Ilúvatar (that is, Elves and Men). Arda was considered earth itself.
Because the Sun, Moon, stars, and other objects orbited the planet in the cosmology of Middle-earth they were considered part of Arda, leading to Arda sometimes being called the 'Solar System' of Middle-earth. The term for the Earth itself, excluding these celestial bodies, was Ambar or Imbar.
Originally the Earth (Arda) was flat, the continents were surrounded by a mighty ocean (or perhaps by space), Ekkaia or Vaiya, the Encircling Sea, and separated by Belegaer, called the Great Sea and the Sundering Seas. In the First Age, the area in the northwest of Middle-earth was occupied by the country of Beleriand, but this was destroyed during the War of Wrath.
There was also a separate continent south and east of Middle-earth called the Dark Land. Another separate continent to the east of Middle-earth was the relatively small Land of the Sun, so called because when the world was flat the Gates of the Sun were near there, and it would be scorched.
Information regarding both was vague. To the south were the Hither Lands including Harad, though "Harad" means "South" and while properly used for the region immediately south of Gondor and Mordor was often loosely used to refer to every land to the south. There were many stretches of sun-scorched desert in Near Harad, but there was supposedly a jungle beyond it which few had ever ventured to, from which the great Oliphaunts were found. Men of Far Harad are also described as being black skinned. The vast lands of the East were collectively referred to as Rhûn, though this may have only referred to those immediately east of the Sea of Rhûn and River Running. The Easterlings, like the Haradrim, were a diverse collection of many races. There was even less knowledge of the extreme eastern end of Middle-earth, where the land was supposed to stop at another sea. It is known that in ancient times the great chain of the Red Mountains ran north to south near here, and was roughly analogous to the Blue Mountains of the west (the world was once symmetrical at the dawn of time). The race of Elves first originated near here, though their original home of Cuiviénen no longer existed by the Third Age. It is not known if the Red Mountains survived into the Third Age, either intact or in some reduced form (like the Blue Mountains). It is said that the Blue Wizards went far into the east of Rhûn and beyond to stir up rebellions against Sauron in the lands he held sway over, though the tales of these struggles never reached the west in detail.
In the Second Age, Númenor was raised in the Great Sea for the Edain. This island existed through most of the Second Age, but was destroyed as a result of the pride of the Númenórean people in defying the Ban of the Valar and sailing to Aman in the west.
After the destruction of Númenor, Arda was made round. Aman was taken out of the world, and could only be reached by the Elves, following the straight road that was granted to them. As Aman was taken away from Arda, new lands and continents were created east and west of Middle-earth.
Tolkien derived the Quenya word Arda from prehistoric Elvish *gardā, Quenya regularly losing initial G and shortening long final vowels. The term basically meant "any more or less bounded or defined place, a region". Its use as a proper name for the World was due to Valarin Aþāraphelūn".[1] This word from Valarin was said to mean appointed dwelling, referring to the Earth as the abode of the Valar and/or Elves and Men.[2] A common noun arda "realm" turns up in Tolkien's writings on Elvish from the 1930s,[3] but there is not yet any hint that he conceived it as a Quenya name of the world. This seems to be a later usage in the real and the imaginary timeline alike.
In real-world terms, Tolkien's inspiration for the word Arda may be certain cognates of the English word "Earth" in the other Germanic languages, specifically the Afrikaans "Aarde" which has equivalent pronunciation and meaning, and unsurprising in use given Tolkien's South African origins. Other Germanic cognates include the Dutch Aarde, and German Erde, though these are not direct sources, but rather tangential linguistically. Former statement can be disputed because the language Afrikaans has its origins in the Dutch language, which implies that the origin of the word may well be directly Germanic in nature. Also similar is the Arabic word أرض arḍ which means land or earth. It may be that Tolkien conceived the Elvish word Arda as the fictional prehistoric source of such words in later Mannish languages.
Various states of Arda
Arda Unmarred
The original world as built by the Valar is called Arda Unmarred (Quenya, Arda Alahasta). This world was effectively destroyed by the wars of the Valar and Melkor, and only Valinor still resembled it in part. Arda Unmarred was a flat symmetrical world with everlasting light.
Arda Marred
Arda Marred (Quenya, Arda Hastaina) is the name given to the world as it is: the world after the wars of the Valar and Melkor, and the dispersing of Melkor's fëa in the entire world. It is this world from which are formed the hröa of the Children of Ilúvatar, and therefore it is at times a cruel and evil world with plagues, extreme colds, heat, and other concepts which do not exist in Arda Unmarred.
Arda Marred also broke the design of Elvish immortality: in Arda Marred Elves slowly fade, until at last they are naught but wraiths. Only in Valinor was this fading delayed, which is one reason all Elves had no choice but to go to Valinor in the end. One of the special abilities of the Rings of Power was that they could delay time, and as such were used by Elrond and Galadriel to preserve their realms. After the loss of the One Ring the Elves had no choice left and therefore in the Fourth Age the last Eldar either left for Valinor or faded to shadows of their former selves.
Arda Healed
After the Dagor Dagorath, Morgoth will be slain, and the world broken; a new world will then be created, which will be Arda Healed (Quenya, Arda Envinyanta). This world will resemble Arda Unmarred, but will be even better, since it will also incorporate all the good aspects of Arda Marred.
See also
Works cited
- Bolintineanu, Alexandra (2006). "Arda". In Drout, Michael D. C.. J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. Routledge. pp. 24–25. ISBN 0-415-96942-5.
- ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1994), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The War of the Jewels, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p. 402, ISBN 0-395-71041-3
- ↑ Tolkien, J. R. R. (1994), Christopher Tolkien, ed., The War of the Jewels, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, p. 401, ISBN 0-395-71041-3
- ↑ Template:ME-ref/LROW
External links
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).

subset: commoncrawl


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Saturday, November 20, 2010
The Silence of the Lambs
Year: 1991
AFI Top 100 Ranking: 74
Writer: Ted Tally
Director: Jonathan Demme
Star: Jodie Foster, Anthony Hopkins, Ted Levine
Clarice Starling's quest to become an FBI agent and do good seems futile from the opening frames of "Silence of the Lambs." The other agents-in-training tower over her and judge her with every lingering glance. Her hillbilly accent gives her speech much less authority than it should. Most importantly, the world around her seems to have rotted and spoiled from its core.
Yes, this is a horror movie, but the viewer would still expect certain scenes to be filmed with warmth or beauty, if only to counterbalance the darkness. Not here. The forest Starling (Jodie Foster) trains in as the film opens is gray, wet and ominous. The river agents fly over to investigate a corpse is brown with waste. Even the main titles are black and ugly. Every location these characters encounter seems devoid of anything alive or worth saving. As if dead forests and deteriorating buildings on the surface of the Earth weren't enough, the monsters that inhabit the film live beneath that surface in isolated, cold caverns.
The film has two such monsters. The first we meet is Dr. Hannibal "The Cannibal" Lecter (Anthony Hopkins). Starling is sent by the FBI's Jack Crawford (Scott Glenn) to get Lecter to fill out useless profile forms. To get to Lecter's cell Starling descends flight after flight of stairs, then is escorted through a seemingly endless collection of barred doors and safety locks. When she finally gets to Lecter's beyond-maximum security hallway, we notice that the other inmates are kept behind bars while Lecter is held behind Plexiglas. Holy crap.
The second is Buffalo Bill (Ted Levine). He seems to live in an unimpressive middle-class home, but underneath is a cavern that seems to reach endlessly out under the earth. He keeps his live victims at the bottom of a dry well and, a few rooms over, sews his dead victim's skin into a sickening coat of flesh.
The hunt for Bill drives the story but Lecter is the one who lingers most in our minds. His speech is mannered and his persona is by turns cold and inviting. He's an enigma, and in that way he interests us in the same way he is interested in Starling. Of course the real reason we grow to "enjoy" Lecter is because he is sympathetic to Starling. On the whole he's kind to her in a world of men who dismiss her, perhaps because she doesn't cave in the same way so many others would when he calls her a generation away from white trash. Hopkins is perfect in the role and makes the delicate balance between gentleman and monster seem easy. After one of the other inmates throws semen on Starling, Lecter whispers to him until he goes mad(der) and swallows his own tongue. He's not flirting with her in any sense of the word, but the movie gets a lot of mileage out of the fact that Lecter is male and Starling is female. The moment their fingers touch, albeit only for a second, is electrifying.
That Starling can hold her own with him is a testament to her character. Foster delicately balances Starling's innocence with her inherent strength. After all, she's only in training at the FBI, and writer Ted Tally shows that, though very smart, she isn't a prodigy in her department. Tally and director Jonathan Demme get a lot of mileage out of a small moment in her training where she runs into a room and is about to cuff a faux-suspect but forgets to check behind the door she entered through first. During the final moments of the film, as she is desperately checking through the rooms of Bill's underground lair, the audience is screaming for her to check behind the damn doors every time she enters a new level of hell.
Demme makes a very ballsy move by shooting the movie head-on. When Crawford is first introduced, he stares directly at the camera to read his lines. When Lecter asks to see Starling's credentials he is staring through the glass directly at us ("Closer, please. Closer."). We see the group of local police men staring at us as Starling tries to get them to leave the room. It's unnerving, but hugely successful. We immediately feel for Starling, understand what she's gone through her entire life and feel added suspense as she stares down these monsters. If the Crawford character did not look at the camera head-on, we would perhaps think much differently of the subplot where we wonder just what he wants with Starling. Is he aroused by her or does he see her as an equal? Glenn plays the beats of the character just right, and the ambiguity of their parting handshake speaks volumes as a result.
The movie makes another ballsy move in abandoning Starling for fifteen minutes during the second act, but here I'm more torn about its success. Tally and Demme instead follow a bunch of nameless officers after Lecter has escaped from his cell. The scene is well shot and the thrills well choreographed, but since we care nothing about any of these characters it doesn't resonate emotionally with the viewer. The pay-off of Lecter pulling off a mask of skin in the ambulance, almost makes it worth it. Almost.
Above all else, "Silence of the Lambs" is scary. I've focused almost exclusively on the characters and world, but the point of a horror movie is to scare the viewer, and this one does its job brilliantly. When Starling is in the Bill's basement at the climax of the movie it only takes up about seven minutes of screen time, but after multiple viewings it still feels like a horrifying, suspenseful eternity. I always see the movie referred to as a "thriller," perhaps because it sounds classier than "horror movie" and movies that won the Oscar for Best Picture should seem classy, but make no mistakes, this is a horror movie. To call it anything else demeans the rest of the genre, which is just as visceral and important as every other film genre. There is a notable lack of horror movies on the AFI Top 100 list ("The Sixth Sense," "Jaws" and "Psycho" are the only others) and this is a horrible oversight that, frankly, angers me. When AFI created Top 10 lists for all of the major genres, "Horror" was not one of them. You always hear that the best horror and science fiction movies "transcend" their genre, as if there is some shame in those genres. Movies like "The Exorcist," "Bride of Frankenstein," "The Shining," "The Uninvited," "Halloween" and "Rosemary's Baby" have just as much artistic merit as any movie on this list, and to pretend they do not because they involve "cheap scares" is laughable.
The "cheap scares" in "Silence of the Lambs" are well earned and beautifully executed. They impact us because we care so much about Starling. They linger with us because they tap into those moments where we are by ourselves, on edge, and can't figure out why. Who hasn't been alone in the dark and felt like there was someone else there, watching us?
My Score (out of 5): ****1/2
Posted by -Robert Taylor at 1:09 PM
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text: I have a great friend that has been so instrumental in my life lately. She has been the mouthpiece of God and the extension of His arms. I give all glory to God for His impeccable timing, His faithful keeping of a dear sister and her obedience to Him in all things, and His love and mercy and kindness that are without fail, even on days when I least deserve them.Continue reading "Kool-Aid"


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Driving is a very complex task and research shows that when you consume alcohol and get behind the wheel, you double your chances of being involved in a car crash. This is as alcohol is a drug that when consumed slows down your body, both physically and mentally, which affects your ability to drive. When consuming alcohol at a licenced venue, you should consider your alcohol intake and whether or not you are within the legal limits to drive.
The more alcohol consumed the danger of being involved in an accident increases:
0.02 to 0.05 BAC – Your ability to judge distance and to locate moving lights is reduced. Your motor skills are decreased which affects your ability to stop in time.
Legal limit – At 0.05 BAC – Drivers who have consumed this amount of alcohol are more than twice as likely to be involved in an accident.
0.05 to 0.08 BAC – Your reaction time, judgement of distance and ability to see red lights is further impaired and your ability to concentrate on driving is also affected
At 0.08 BAC – Drivers are five times more likely to be involved in an accident as all reflexes, judgement of distance and your ability to concentrate is affected further.
At 0.08 to 0.12 BAC – Drivers are more likely to overestimate their driving abilities and begin to drive recklessly. Also, drivers are unable to judge distance, see red lights, concentrate on the road and overall vision is impaired.
Drink driving can also affect your driving by:
Slowing down reaction time – this can be crucial in an emergency situation or when approaching a red light
Harming your thinking processes, making it difficult to multi-task and minimises your ability to notice other road users or pedestrians
Causing short term side effects such as blurred vision, reduced hearing, minimise your ability to identify hazards and ability to be able to identify lights or signs.
One out of every 300 people breathe-tested by the Australian Police is over the legal alcohol consumption level of 0.05 BAC. Excessive drinking and driving cannot only affect you as the driver, but can also impact upon passengers of the vehicle and other road users or pedestrians. Therefore, before getting behind the wheel – consider the people that you could be affecting.
To learn more about the legal alcohol limit and to obtain your RSA online please visit, www.clubtraning.com.au


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IGLTA Annual Global Convention Learn More
It's back! Princess Cruises, the largest international premium cruise line, is once again offering the popular 3 for Free cruise sale for guests booking select six- to 50-day cruises and cruisetours departing from Summer 2020 to Spring 2021. Now is the perfect time to book a cruise with free onboard gratuities, stateroom location upgrades, and onboard spending money offered on cruise vacations to popular destinations such as Alaska, Europe, Japan and more.
The 3 for Free cruise sale runs through October 31, 2019 and includes perks for everyone – up to four guests per stateroom:
Included in the 3 for Free sale are cruises onboard the cruise line's newest ship, Sky Princess, to Scandinavia and Russia, as well as voyages to sought-after destinations including cruises to Alaska, Japan and the Mediterranean. Cruise deals include:
More information about the Princess Cruises 3 for Free sale can be found at https://www.princess.com/cruise-deals-promotions/.
5079 North Dixie Hwy, #367
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33334
United States
+1.954.630.1637 Phone
+1.954.630.1652 Fax
Contact Us


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Rose De Sable SA
Zone Industrielle Route Hezoua
2240 Nefta
Phone: +216.98283268
Fax: +216.71191540
Rose de Sable is a processing dates company founded in January 2007 by Belaifa's family in the region of NEFTA in south of Tunisia. The Belaifa's family members have been farmers of dates for over two centuries.
Being certified IFS, BRC, ISO9001, ISO22000, KOSHER, GLOBALG.A.P., FAIRTRADE and ORGANIC (CE, NOP, JAS and BIOSUISSE), the ultra-modern production process helped the company to conquer most of challenging international markets.
Rose de Sable has a very close collaboration with farmers by providing them expertise and necessary control measures. Rose de Sable offers the best conditions of production, harvesting and selection of dates.


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Gite La Grangette - La Maison D'aum
Country house with 1 bedroom, 1 bathroom and shared pool in Bourrou, France
From £642 per week
Country house to rent in Bourrou, France
In the heart of Dordogne Perigord ,little cottage for 2 adults and a child , halfway between Périgueux and Bergerac, in a rural site, far away from all nuisances and pollution.
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Country house overview - owner's description
In the heart of Perigord, halfway between Périgueux and Bergerac, in a natural site, far from all nuisances and pollution, hilly and wooded, near the village of Villamblard, the House of Aum has 3 stones buildings surrounded by meadows, trees and birds singing for unique neighbors ... This rental in the Dordogne is an area that is part of a real ecological approach and is primarily a place to stay in cottages or bed and breakfast.
La grangette is a small perigord barn completely renovated with contemporary decoration, for a couple with a child, you will have a living room and kitchen with terrace with forest view, totally isolated from other buildings, near the share swimming pool. Mezzanine bedroom with double bed, folding bed for a child.
Furnished with oven, washing machine, microwave, fridge. Bathroom.
The village of Bourrou have a little cafe open on Friday and some Saturday with live entertainment.
The lake of Neufont offer several outdoor activities.
1km from the cottage, a french school equestrian will offer you possibility to ride horse.
the Dordogne or la Vezere
Historical road of the Dordogne is rich of diversity : 25mn from Bergerac or Perigueux and his surrounding, 1h15 from Bordeaux, 1h from Sarlat, Les Eyzise, Le Bugue.
You will discover beautiful village, castles, gardens, farm and much more...
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Outside this country house in Bourrou, FranceThis country house is in the countryside and in a quiet area. It has a shared pool, a balcony and a shared garden. Car hire is necessary as the renter will need a car to get about for shopping, eating out and the beach; however parking is not available.
Prices and availability
Updated 23 April 2018
- Unavailable
- Your booking
- Available start/end date
Select your travel dates on the calendar
Early booking discounts
- Arrive between 1 June - 31 March and receive 5% off if the booking is made 15 days before the arrival date.
Late booking discounts
- Arrive between 1 January - 30 June and receive 30% off if the booking is made within 3 days of the arrival date.
Long stay discounts
- Arrive between 1 January - 31 January and receive 25% off if the booking is for 7 days or more.
- Arrive between 1 January - 28 February and receive 20% off if the booking is for 14 days or more.
If more than one discount matches your arrival date, please be aware that only one discount of the highest amount will be applied to your booking.
local city Tax
£1.01 per person per night, paid locally
1 bedroom, Sleeps 3:
- 1 double bed
There is also 1 single folding bed
1 bathroom, 1 Separate WC
Swimming pool
Shared pool, Size 8m x 4m, Depth 1.4m to 1.4m
TV Languages in French, Satellite / cable
Living area seats 6, Dining area seats 4, Central heating, Hair dryer, Iron / board, Towels / linen, Washing machine, Car hire essential
Crockery, Cutlery, Fridge, Freezer, Glassware, Kettle, Microwave, Oven, Toaster
Balcony or terrace, Shared garden
Suitable for
Children, Infants, Single gender groups
Private Owner From Bourrou, France Member since Apr 2008
After 20 years being an hotel manager , I propose fully fusrnished and confortable Appartement in paris in the district of the Grande Arche de la Defense
Past bookings: 22 bookings
Last seen: 7 months ago
Number of properties: 3
After 20 years being an hotel manager , I propose fully fusrnished and confortable Appartement in paris in the district of the Grande Arche de la Defense


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Dizzy's Club
Nicole Henry: Where Love Is
With vocalist Nicole Henry, pianist Shedrick Mitchell, bassist Richie Goods, drummer Kendrick Scott, and guitarist David Rosenthal.
"…That predicted time of greatness has arrived. Nicole Henry emerges hands down as this generation's First Lady of Jazz. She is the genuine article, the dream at last come true…" – Huffington Post
"A jazz singer of pop instinct and cabaret sophistication." – The New York Times
Since her debut in 2004, Nicole Henry has established herself as one of the jazz world's most acclaimed vocalists and has captivated audiences in over 15 countries. Her soulful voice and genuine charisma earned her a 2013 Soul Train Award for "Best Traditional Jazz Performance," three top-10 U.S. Billboard and HMV Japan jazz albums, and rave reviews both domestically and internationally from The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Japan Times, El Pais, Essence, and more. Recent albums and performances have featured original arrangements of songs by artists including Percy Mayfield, Anthony Newly, Ramsey Lewis, George and Ira Gershwin, Aretha Franklin, Gladys Knight, Joni Mitchell, and more. Nicole Henry knows where the love is, and her shows at Dizzy's Club always impress.
With "Where Love Is," Ms. Henry dives into her favorite parts of a song: the lyrics and the passion behind what is being expressed. The night will include gems written by Alan & Marilyn Bergman, Ned Washington, and Jimmy Van Heusen. Also included are selections from Henry's upcoming CD that celebrates the musical legacy of the legendary Miss Nancy Wilson.
Visitor Info
Dizzy's Club
Broadway and 60th Street
5th Floor
Set Times*
7:30 & 9:30pm nightly
Late Night Session Tues-Sat
Doors Open at 11:15pm
*unless otherwise noted
Reserve by phone
In person after 6pm
daily at the club
Price Info
Wed $35; Thurs $40


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Beanie Set Pink Neon
This is an amazing new beanie set, not only does it look great but can make you stand out from the crowd with different colors. Available now in pink and neon colors this new vibrant hue can really make heads turn. The next vacation to the mountain summit this year can be a pretty cold trip, just think you can keep your head nice and warm while still maintaining a fantastic appearance. Snowboarding down that huge slope you always wanted to tackle while keeping your head nice and toasty. The sleek design of the beanie set is threaded in a fashionable form, with being fifty percent wool and fifty percent acrylic you're definitely going to stay warm all day and maintain a wonderful appearance.
Returns Policy
You may return most new, unopened items within 30 days of delivery for a full refund. We'll also pay the return shipping costs if the return is a result of our error (you received an incorrect or defective item, etc.).
You should expect to receive your refund within four weeks of giving your package to the return shipper, however, in many cases you will receive a refund more quickly. This time period includes the transit time for us to receive your return from the shipper (5 to 10 business days), the time it takes us to process your return once we receive it (3 to 5 business days), and the time it takes your bank to process our refund request (5 to 10 business days).
If you need to return an item, simply login to your account, view the order using the 'Complete Orders' link under the My Account menu and click the Return Item(s) button. We'll notify you via e-mail of your refund once we've received and processed the returned item.
We can ship to virtually any address in the world. Note that there are restrictions on some products, and some products cannot be shipped to international destinations.
When you place an order, we will estimate shipping and delivery dates for you based on the availability of your items and the shipping options you choose. Depending on the shipping provider you choose, shipping date estimates may appear on the shipping quotes page.
Please also note that the shipping rates for many items we sell are weight-based. The weight of any such item can be found on its detail page. To reflect the policies of the shipping companies we use, all weights will be rounded up to the next full pound.


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07511 217 984
The council is working with Oxford-based charity UCARE (Urology Cancer Research and Education) to raise awareness of urological cancers.
The charity is celebrating its 10th anniversary by organising a sea of pink tulips throughout Oxfordshire and the town council is playing its part by highlighting the charity's work.
"This council is delighted to work with UCARE to promote this important research.
"Urological cancers – those of the kidney, prostate, bladder and testes – represent a fifth of all new cancers diagnosed each year."
"In addition to helping with important medical research, the tulips are a magnificent and colourful display. We planted 2000 bulbs."
"The pink tulip is the symbol of this charity and when people purchase and plant our tulip bulbs, they are buying hope, time and brighter futures for people with cancers."
"We work in an area that has relatively low public awareness and are delighted that the UCARE tulip bulbs have been planted by Banbury Town Council to help publicise the work we do."
Tulip bulbs are available to buy from the charity from September onwards and further information is available from www.ucare-oxford.org.uk
UCARE is committed to improving the treatment and care of patients by educating and informing the public about the signs and symptoms of the disease as early diagnosis is key to successful treatments.
Lord and Lady Saye and Sele of Broughton Castle are patrons of the charity.
For gardening services, you can trust these experts.
These garden service providers mainly work in Oxfordshire, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire and Buckinghamshire. Although not exclusively.
Whether you live, work or just love the Banbury area known as Banburyshire, this website is for you. You'll find the site crammed full of useful and essential information such as travel times, news from the area, events, jobs and business pages.and so much more.
Banburyshire Info provides a comprehensive resource for residents, businesses, and visitors to the Banburyshire area.


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We began our day at Point Reyes with a walk along the Earthquake Trail. Yup! The San Andreas Fault runs right along the peninsula. Thankfully it was a peaceful walk and we didn't feel any tremors.
Our next stop was the southern end of the park to visit the lighthouse. Here's a recap in two words: foggy and windy! "Point Reyes is the windiest place on the Pacific Coast and the second foggiest place on the North American continent."
A short walk through the fog brought us to the top of a steep set of 308 stairs. It was so foggy that we couldn't even see the lighthouse at the bottom!
Of course after we climbed down 308 steps, we had to climb back up! But along the way there were some nice views of the ocean.
Then we headed to the northern end of the park, to hike the Tomales Point Trail. This trail was also foggy and windy! It winds through the Tule Elk Reserve and we spotted a big herd in a valley.
Our last stop in the park was the McClures Beach Trail. It was a little under a mile, pretty steep, and took us through a ravine to the Pacific Ocean. I'm a fan of the beaches around here: cliffs, big rocks, tide pools, crashing waves. It was very scenic.
We walked along the sand towards the rocks and Kenan found a hidden path to a secret beach — so cool! And we were able to catch the sun breaking through the fog just in time for a pretty sunset.


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Cat litter is made of highly absorbent and non-toxic bentonite.
It lets you scoop odors away, leaving your litter box clean and fresh. Its special clumping granules quickly absorb liquid. Your cats will be delighted at the natural, hygienic and fast clumping products.
Ingredients: 100% sodium bentonite
Processing scientific formula and advanced refining.
Cat litter is crafted with strong aggregation, odor absorption, high water absorption, antibacterial, being conducive to the growth of animal health, and family environmental heath.
When the pet discharge dirt, the litter will be fast grouped, making smell of urine and the urine contained bacteria in the consolidation of small absorption, completely non-smell, keep clean as usual.
Hot sale Irregular Bentonite Cat Litter1-4mm
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If buy our suppliable bag, about 10 days after deposit receipt. subject
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If buy our suppliable bag, about 10 days after deposit receipt. subject
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The nefarious tricks of the pickpocket
January 3, 2013 5 Comments
When Winnipeggers worry about crime, it tends to be about the in-your-face kinds of crime, such as muggings and armed robberies. Little thought is given to a more nefarious kind of crime, though, that can leave you having to hastily call your credit card company, replace lost identification and, in the interim, get by without cash — pickpocketing.
Winnipeg isn't really known as a hotbed of pickpocketing. Nor, for that matter, is North America. In September, TripAdvisor released a list of what it considers the world's 10 worst cities for pickpockets: eight of them were in Europe, one in South America and one in Asia:
1. Barcelona
2. Rome
3. Prague
4. Madrid
5. Paris
6. Florence
7. Buenos Aires
8. Amsterdam
9. Athens
10. Hanoi
But pickpocketing can happen here in Winnipeg — I caught one would-be pickpocket in the act of starting to open the zipper on my backpack, which in any case consisted of nothing more valuable to a thief than my gym gear. The best way to protect yourself, here at home or anywhere in the world, is to know their tricks.
Taking advantage of the fact that you don't have eyes on the back of your head. Many pickpockets like to operate from behind, precisely because that's where you have the fewest visual cues about what's going on around you. Backpacks, back pockets and other items normally held behind the arms are favourite targets because they're easy to fish things out of without being seen.
Getting your hands occupied. A person who has his or her hands full is a person whose hands aren't obstructing or guarding their pockets. Thus, be more alert when you have both hands occupied. Some pickpockets have been known to hand unsuspecting passers-by petitions to sign, or a pen and clipboard with a request for a charitable donation on it. The more brazen have even tried thrusting babies (or dolls made to look like babies) into the arms of a total stranger. After all, what kind stranger would take a chance on dropping a baby?
Distracting you. There are all kinds of variations on this technique. Some people have reported being squirted with mustard or ketchup, only to have friendly locals — miraculously equipped with cloths or napkins at that very second — come rushing over to wipe the mess off; only later does the victim realize that he or she is not just wearing stained clothes, but also suddenly missing a wallet or passport. Others will start an argument in public, while accomplices get busy getting ahold of onlookers' valuables. Yet others will drop valuables in front of you, or block your path in some way, to distract you from what's going on behind you.
Several useful tips for avoiding being pickpocketed, courtesy of the District of Columbia Metropolitan Police:
Tips for Men
- The target areas are back trouser pockets, and suitcoat and sports jacket pockets, located both inside and out. A pickpocket generally avoids front trouser pockets, and especially buttoned or zippered pockets.
- If you have to carry your wallet in an unbuttoned jacket, coat or pants pocket, be sure it holds only what you can afford to lose. Keep large sums of money, credit cards, IDs, in your front pocket or any buttoned or zippered pocket. Some people even place a rubber band around their wallet, because the rubber band creates friction and rubs against the fabric of your pocket if someone is attempting to remove it without your knowledge. The best place for keys is on a chain attached to your clothing.
- Never pat your pocket to see if your wallet is there; this lets a criminal know the exact location of your valuables.
- Larger-size "pocket secretaries" are particularly inviting to pickpockets, and relatively easy to steal.
Tips for Women
- Do not carry your wallet in your purse. Conceal it in a buttoned or zippered pocket where it doesn't show a bulge.
- Use a purse that is difficult to open. A purse with a zipper or snaps is best.
- If you are carrying a shoulder bag, place the strap(s) diagonally across your body, as opposed to carrying it on one shoulder. This keeps the purse in front of you, instead of at your side or behind you, which sometimes happens with purses with long straps. If you are carrying a hand bag, then make sure to hold it close to the front of your body, instead of holding it on your wrist or loosely in your hand.
- Never leave your purse unattended on a store counter or in a grocery shopping cart.
Tips for Travelers
- Pack a photocopy of your airline tickets, passport, credit cards and any other documents that would be impossible or inconvenient to replace if stolen.
- Keep a list, separate from your wallet, of contact numbers to report lost credit cards.
- Don't wander into risky areas alone or at night, and try to avoid buses that are "standing room only."
- It's always a good idea to carry your valuables in a money belt and leave your expensive jewelry at home.


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I've started moving in to Bear's den. I hate moving - the stress of your things beng spread out over two locations, of finding the perfect home for your things, etc. all really get me down. However, I know this is what I want. I know it all the way to my marrow. No one has ever accepted me and loved me just for me like Bear does. I've come to the realization that I live much of my life seeking others' approval. My parents, because I'm not the favorite child, my students, because I'm not their favorite teacher, even strangers, because I want them to think well of me (even when I know I will NEVER see them again). For the first time ever, me just being me is enough. I don't have to feel bad that I am susceptible to tv advertising, that I have to put honey mustard on everything I eat, that I pick my nose in the bathroom. To Bear, I am perfect.
And that feels really good.
Speaking of Bear, he is doing well. He's stressed out about the move, too, but mostly because it is exhausting work and it never seems to end. This weekend we are taking a couch, a chair, and a tv stand from upstairs to the dump, and moving in the last bits of my furniture. We got my box spring up the stairs, but had to cut out the bannister, as well as sections of the wall and three stairs. It was, to put it mildly, a clusterfuck. But it's up there, and we have put the bed to good use since getting it set up. ;)
In other news, I should be hearing soon about Maine Writing Project, and if I am going to get it. If I do, I am on track to get my master's degree next summer!! How exciting is that?? Wish me luck! :D


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Assessment of the multi-sectoral approach to tobacco control policies in South Africa and Togo
OUTPUT TYPE: Journal Article
TITLE AUTHOR(S): S.Sanni, C.Hongoro, C.Ndinda, J.P.Wisdom
DEPARTMENT: Impact Centre (IC), Impact Centre (PRESS), Impact Centre (CC)
Print: HSRC Library: shelf number 10589
If you would like to obtain a copy of this Research Output, please contact Hanlie Baudin at firstname.lastname@example.com.
AbstractTobacco use is the world's leading preventable cause of illness and death and the most important risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases (heart attack, stroke, congestive obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer). Tobacco control is one of the World Health Organization's 'best-buys' interventions to prevent NCDs. This study assessed the use of a multi-sectoral approach (MSA) in developing and implementing tobacco control policies in South Africa and Togo.This two-country case study consisted of a document review of tobacco control policies and of key informant interviews (N=56) about the content, context, stakeholders, and strategies employed throughout policy formulation and implementation in South Africa and Togo. To guide our analysis, we used the Comprehensive Framework for Multi-Sectoral Approach to Health Policy, which is built around four major constructs of context, content, stakeholders and strategies. The findings show that the formulation of tobacco control policies in both countries was driven locally by the political, historical, social and economic contexts, and globally by the adoption WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). In both countries, the health department led policy formulation and implementation. The stakeholders involved in South Africa were more diverse, proactive and dynamic than those in Togo, whereas the strategies employed were more straightforward in Togo than in South Africa. The extent of understanding and use of MSA in both countries consisted of an inter-sectoral action for health, whereby the health department strove to collaborate with other sectors within and outside the government. Consequently, information sharing was identified as the main outcome of the interactions between institutions and interest groups within and across three critical sectors of the state, namely the public (government), the private and the civil society. Tobacco control policies in South Africa and Togo were formulated and implemented from an intersectoral approach perspective, which relied heavily on information transfer between stakeholders and less on collaborative problem-solving approach. Incorporation of multiple stakeholders allowed both countries to formulate policies to meet FCTC goals for tobacco control and NCD reduction.
Related Research Outputs:
- Influence of the WHO framework convention on tobacco control on tobacco legislation and policies in sub-Saharan Africa
- The elusiveness of integration: policy discources on open and distance learning in the 1990s
- The forgotten fifty percent: a review of sexual and reproductive health research and programs focused on boys and young men in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Regional cooperation in Sub-Saharan Africa on school improvement: a comparative study of South Africa, Botswana and the Seychelles
- Report on the child and adolescent mental health policy guidelines workshop
- Child development, parasites and public policy
- Newspaper coverage of South African tobacco issues, 1997-2001
- HIV/AIDS and new agricultural strategies for sub-Saharan Africa
- Report on the provincial round table: implementing the child & adolescent mental health policy guidelines
- HIV/AIDS in developing countries: heading towards a mental health and consequent social disaster?
- Health for all
- South Africa in Africa: the apartheid regime's foreign policy in sub-Saharan Africa
- Design meeting for DFID-funded project: the contribution of post-basic education and training (PBET) to poverty reduction: evidence from South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
- Report and policy brief: 2nd Annual Conference on Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research, Cape Town, 9-12 May 2004
- Community-level behavioural interventions for HIV prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Epidemiology of health and vulnerability among children orphaned and made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa
- Young adults, the target of below-the-line advertising
- A human rights perspective on policy implementation processes: observations from the South African public service
- School psychology in sub-Saharan Africa: results and implications of a six country survey
- Optimizing learning and education in Africa - the language factor: a stock-taking research on mother tongue and bilingual education in Sub-Saharan Africa


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THUNDER BAY – The Lakehead Thunderwolves struggled mightily with the man advantage prior to the Christmas break.
Santa may have delivered the team a power play for Christmas.
The Wolves scored a season-high three power play goals on Friday night and doubled up the visiting Guelph Gryphons 4-2 in non-conference OUA play at Fort William Gardens.
It's a good sign said defenceman Jake Ringuette, who scored one of the special teams goals, charging in from the blue-line in the third and pouncing on a pinpoint pass from assistant captain Brennen Dubchak from behind the Gryphons net.
"Our power play's been struggling," said Ringuette, whose team will take a 6-8-1 record into the second half next Friday at home against the Windsor Lancers.
"You've just got to stick with it like we have been, just like tonight. You shoot the puck and hope for the best and keep working hard. It's all going to transform for the best in the new year."
Dubchak said Ringuette's goal came off a set play, something the team needs to execute better at when the regular season resumes.
"We needed that coming forward into the new year. Power play goals didn't come too often in the first half. It's a big builder for us, for sure," said Dubchak, who scored a beauty of his own in the third, rifling a slap shot from the right faceoff circle that trickled through the pads of Guelph goalie Jason da Silva.
The goal came on the power play with 3:05 to play, an insurance marker against a Gryphons team that had won 10 of its past 11 contests.
More importantly, it means the seventh-place Wolves will hit the second half on a winning note, knowing they've only got a one-point cushion on ninth-place Western.
The top eight teams in the OUA West make the playoffs.
"We know we can compete with all these top place teams. It's just a matter of putting some goals on the board. We finally did that tonight and hopefully that's going to transfer over to the second half," Dubchak said.
LU coach Bill McDonald said it was the type of game he wanted to see from his troops.
"I really liked the effort and the passion that we played with. And we got a couple of power play goals, which was good," McDonald said.
Lakehead's Sam Schutt started the offensive ball rolling first, scoring with the man advantage 3:16 after the opening puck drop, just his second time lighting the lamp all season.
The goal stood up until the second, when Nick Boyer stripped the puck from Daniel Del Paggio and lifted a breakaway backhand past LU goalie Devin Green just 54 seconds into the middle stanza.
Del Paggio, who was later tossed for an alleged slur uttered at a Guelph player, made up for his initial miscue at the 4:10 mark, firing high on Da Silva, who was caught leaning the wrong way, anticipating a pass on the 2-on-1 rush.
The rookie forward was assessed a gross misconduct and a game misconduct in the third for something he said during an early-period scuffle that saw three other players draw minor penalties.
"I don't expect much out of it," McDonald said.
Ringuette's goal upped the Lakehead lead to 3-1 two-and-a-half minutes later. Seth Swenson pulled the Gryphons within one at 9:36 of the third.
Scoring: 1. Lakehead, Schutt (Alexander, Jenkins) 3:16 pp. Penalties: Kudla GUE (high sticking) 3:01, Murphy LAK (slashing) 5:43, Thompson GUE (tripping) 10:40, Ma. Stevens GUE (slashing) 14:40, Simmonds GUE (cross checking) 17:24, Jenkins LAK (tripping) 19:50.
Scoring: Penalties: Wolframe LAK (high sticking) 13:27.
Scoring: 2. Guelph, Boyer (unassisted) 0:54. 3. Lakehead, Del Paggio (Leonidas) 4:10. 4. Lakehead, Ringuette (Dubchak, Gall) 7:31 pp. 5. Guelph, Swenson (Mi. Stevens) 9:36. 6. Lakehead, Dubchak (Murphy) 16:55 pp. Penalties: Hiff GUE (cross checking), Gialedakis GUE (slashing), Wesley-Chisel LAK (cross checking), Del Paggio LAK (gross misconduct, game misconduct) 7:23, Boyer GUE (kneeing), Swenson GUE, Donnelly LAK (roughing) 14:21, Kudla GUE (tripping) 16:05, Ma. Stevens GUE (slashing, roughing, misconduct), Donnelly LAK (roughing, misconduct) 19:33.
GAME DATA – SOG – Guelph 5-13-9-27, Lakehead 14-12-9-35; Power plays (goals-chances) – Guelph (0-3), Thunder Bay (3-8); Goaltenders – Guelph: Jason Da Silva, Thunder Bay: Devin Green; A: 1,916.


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Quality clothing alterations and repair services
5 Gladstone Place Tyning Road Bath BA2 5HQ
- English
Aquarius Homes is an independent family run business based in the village of Combe Down. We specialise in all aspects of property sales and letting services covering Bath and surrounding villages.
1a Avenue Place Combe Down Bath BA2 5EE
- English
At Assured Mobility you will find a wide range of products and services designed to help individuals achieve a greater level of independence, freedom and quality of life.
We pride ourselves on unbeatable customer service, providing expert advice with high levels of after sales care.
Every customer is important to us and making sure our customers are happy is our number one priority.
105 Midford Road Combe Down Bath BA2 5RX
Bare Beauty – Beauty Therapist, Make-Up Artist And Holistic WorkerBare Beauty – Beauty Therapist, Make-Up Artist And Holistic Worker Contact: Helen Mulloy Reid
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Helen offers a personal well being service for women, men and teenagers specially designed to enhance their natural beauty. Her tempting range of beautifully devised beauty and body treatments includes facials, wraps, scrubs, massages, holistic therapies & beauty treatments using carefully chosen organic products ranges. Calmly delivering a thorough service for your well being. Helen is a relaxed and confident therapist expert at making you feel cosseted and uplifted in her care.
- English
Pet Grooming Salon and Retail Shop
89 Bradford Road Combe Down Bath BA2 5BP
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Bath Crockhire was first established in 1981 and has been run as a family business since 2004, when Jenny and the team, took the helm. We are the only crockery and glassware hire service within the city of Bath which does not make us complacent. Far from it, we are always looking for ways to improve on what is already a great idea.
As a small, friendly business we know that good service is paramount. Our focus is on making sure that your event is as stress-free and effortless as possible.
No event is too large or too small for us; we're just as happy catering to intimate dinner parties as grand banquets.
Late is great; we're happy to help out if you find yourself in a bind at short notice. Just call us up or drop in and we'll do our best to transform your disaster into a success.
68 Combe Road Combe Down Bath BA2 5HZ
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The Bath Jewish Burial Ground is one of many religious sites which developed in the Georgian era as visitors to Bath, and the local community which served them, increased in number. This cemetery was established in 1812, outside the City in the suburb village of Combe Down; the site is on the junction of Bradford Road and Greendown Lane. It is one of the very few relics of the now vanished: Bath Hebrew Congregation.
1 Greendown Place Combe Down Bath BA2 5DD
At Beech Cottage our focus is on comfort, cleanliness and functionality, rather than chintzy surroundings. Breakfasts are more about nourishing, health options than fancy napkins and fussy preparations. We use mugs rather than cups and saucers. Our peaceful cottage in the woods is only eight minutes bus ride from Bath's hectic city centre.
32 Combe Road Combe Down Bath BA2 5HY
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BMI Bath Clinic is ideally positioned in Bath, and is open to people both from the local area and across the UK for a variety of treatments.
BMI Healthcare is the leading provider of private healthcare in the UK, and our hospital in Bath provides a variety of excellent clinical services and care delivered by top consultants and staff.
Claverton Down Road Combe Down Bath BA2 7BR
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We are all about putting the sparkle into Christmas. Our lovely decorations are hand made for us in India by traditional artisans. We only sell to trade so please request a trade account if you would like to become a stockist.
West Brow Belmont Road Bath BA2 5JR
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We cannot compete with prices achievable on 'ebay', but we do provide a much easier, hassle-free service!
Our aim is to encourage recycling of good quality nearly at reasonable prices.
1 Combe Road Combe Down Bath BA2 5HX
Christopher Milton Stevens – Bespoke Jewellery DesignChristopher Milton Stevens – Bespoke Jewellery Design Contact: Christopher Milton Stevens
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The Studio de Montalt Lodge Bath BA2 7EU U K
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The group currently has around 25+ members, from absolute beginners to professionals, who enjoy meeting up to paint, exchange ideas, improve techniques and express interpretations of everyday living using a wide variety of styles and media.
Our meetings are informal and fun and you will receive a warm welcome should you decide to come along to try us out.
Foxhill Community Centre Hawthorn Grove Bath BA2 5QA
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Combe Down is a happy, family school in which we encourage pupils and adults to have a caring, considerate and respectful attitude towards one another. Within a strong Christian ethos we recognise and value the uniqueness of every child, helping all to achieve their best within a safe, secure and creative environment.
The school has a good reputation for providing a broad, balanced, creative and exciting curriculum within a very supportive ethos. We aim for our children to aim high in all they do, to enable them to learn skills, knowledge and develop concepts that will help them grown into positive, responsible people who can work and co-operate with others and hopefully be better equipped for life in our ever changing society.
The Log Cabin Church Road Bath BA2 5JQ
- English
Welcome to Combe Down Garage, Bath's friendliest garage. We are based 2 miles south of Bath in the lovely village of Combe Down. Established in 1931, we can cater for all your motoring needs, Including car sales, servicing, MOT'S, and all types of car repairs. We have facilities for welding, air conditioning and diagnostics on most vehicles.
Combe Down Garage is owned by two local experts and staffed by highly trained mechanics capable of dealing with all your motoring needs. The vast majority of our clientele are returning customers from the Bath region and stand as a testament to the value and level of service we provide. We have a unique heritage, reputation and skill set that allows you to have peace of mind when requiring our service.
The Avenue Combe Down Bath BA2 5EQ
- English
Hardware & Ironmongers.
91 Bradford Road Combe Down Bath BA2 5BP
- English
We aim to –
- foster an interest in Combe Down's past
- record and interpret its history and keep an archive of all heritage information
- make the heritage accessible to residents and visitors and to communicate its work widely
- involve young people and support and encourage all sources of education
Membership is open to all those who are interested in furthering the objects of the Society.
54a Combe Road Combe Down Bath BA2 5HZ
- English
Combe Down Holiday Trust is a local charity, providing holidays, short breaks, or days out for disabled people and/or their carers and families living in the Bath & North East Somerset area. The Trust's aim is to support disabled people, both those with permanent disabilities and those disabled through illness – such as cancer – enabling them, their families and/or carers to have a short break, holiday or respite care or to have a day out.
Combe Down Surgery The Avenue Bath BA2 5EG
- English
We know how important finding the right nursery for your child can be. At Combe Down you will find a warm welcome in a safe and stimulating environment that will give the best head start for your child.
Combe Down Nursery is situated in the centre of Combe Down Village, close to all local amenities. We provide high quality childcare and education in a beautiful purpose built nursery.
If you would like to know more, why not come and see us and experience first-hand what our lovely nursery has to offer.
Combe Road Combe Down Bath BA2 5HY
- English
Welcome to Combe Down RFC. Mini/Junior, Senior rugby in Bath. Clubhouse available for functions.
Hollys Corner Bramble Way Bath BA2 5DE


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Tiny Whales
Tiny Whales was born and grown in the sunshine of Southern California. Made in the US by a dynamic husband and wife duo. Their inspiration comes from the nostalgia of their youth. The believe in growing up without growing old.
"We make the shirts they refuse to take off."


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Making What's Important to Mothers; A Mother's Day Craft
As Mother's Day approached I felt a little more emotional than usual. This year I won't be with my mom. It's one of the first years I won't be with her to celebrate either on or around the holiday. Every mom (including myself) says that its not about the gifts. I know that my momContinue Reading "Making What's Important to Mothers; A Mother's Day Craft"


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Aurore Iron Light - Wall Sconce
Aurore Iron Wall Sconce
The word _ã–aurore_ã? is French for _ã–dawn._ã? The Aurore wrought-iron wall sconce brings an illuminating glow morning and evening to a driveway, entryway, hall, stairway, patio, or other area. Lavish in its design, the six-sided French Country-inspired lamp is festooned top and bottom with acanthus leaves and ornamental scrollwork. It's a true architectural showpiece.
- Handcrafted in Mexico.
- Assembled in and shipped from our Dallas headquarters.
- Constructed of 18-gauge steel sheets and scrolls.
- UL listed and approved.
- Available in four standard sizes. Custom sizes by request.
- Small size in electric only; other sizes in gas or electric.
- Electric lights accommodate high-performance LED bulbs and other bulbs.
- Manual or electronic ignition on gas lights.
- Choose from 9 finish options and 9 glass options.
- Outdoor or indoor use.
- Electrostatic powder coating protects against the elements and prevents corrosion.
Product Downloads
Lighting Family Specifications
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Ordering Information
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General Information
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Mary Shelley & Frankenstein: from the past up to the present
Since 1818, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein haunts the imagination of man.
Come and participate in our full day event and discuss how this literary work has become an icon in the most diverse spheres of the Arts.
Your presence and ideas are valuable to our debate on Frankenstein.
In addition, a book will be published to keep the memory of such special for the literary historiography: 200 years of Frankenstein.
After all, Shelley and her creature are more alive than ever.


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Springfield College Hosts Athletic Administration Leadership Series
The Springfield College Athletic Administration Graduate Program hosted its annual leadership series for the fall semester titled, "The 'State' of High School Athletics," on Wednesday, October 11, in the Cleveland E. and Phyllis B. Dodge Room located in the Flynn Campus Union.
The event featured panelists Michael Lunney, assistant executive director for the Rhode Island Interscholastic League; Richard Pearson, associate executive director for the Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletic Association; and Trish Witkin, past president for the National Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association and director of athletics for Glastonbury (Conn.) High School.
The panel discussion gave attendees and understanding of high school athletics from the perspective of high school athletic association executives, who described their professional journey to state and national interscholastic athletic organizations. The panel also shared insights and experiences related to their current roles. The audience learned about policies and procedures (social media, transgender policy, parent communication, transportation guidelines), conference alignment procedures and issues (enrollment, co-op teams, impact on historical rivalries), and postseason championship criteria and selection issues.
Launched in the spring of 2011, the Athletic Administration Leadership Series is held each semester and alternates a focus between high school and intercollegiate athletics.


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Question: As you become more and more the Spoiler God you were destined to be, do you find yourself not enjoying TV as much anymore? While the rest of us were shocked about Jack's brother on 24 and Eko's death on Lost, you already knew way in advance. That has to take something away from the whole viewing experience, no?
Answer: Yes, but it's all worth it just to see the smiles on your faces.


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Mrs Udeni De Silva Perera
Position: Research Fellow
College / Portfolio: Business
School / Department: Economics, Finance and Marketing
Phone: 99251398
Campus: Melbourne City Campus
Udeni Perera is a Research Officer with the RMIT School of Economics, Finance and Marketing and a PhD researcher attached to Monash University.
Research interests
- Applied Econometrics research focussing on child health outcomes in developing countries
- Panel data and Multilevel data analysis
See Mrs De Silva Perera's publications on Google Scholar and ResearchGate.
- Course Coordinator
- Quantitative Research Methods (BUSM 4475) (RMIT University)
- Teaching Associate (Monash University) 2014-2016
- Marketing Research, Data Modelling, Business and Economics Statistics
- Lecturer (University of Colombo) 2012-2014
- Design of Analysis of Experiments, Design and Analysis of Industrial Experiments, Computational Statistics, Quality Control, Decision Theory, Advanced Statistical Modelling
- Assistant Lecturer (University of Colombo) 2010-2012
- Design of Analysis of Experiments, Design and Analysis of Industrial Experiments, Computational Statistics
- Current PhD researcher (Development Economics), Monash University, 2014-current
- Master in Financial Economics, University of Colombo (Sri Lanka), 2013
- BSc (Hons) (Statistics), University of Colombo (Sri Lanka), 2010
- Dobele, A.,Thomas, S.,De Silva Perera, D. (2017). What were they thinking? Motivations of at-risk students In: The Business & Management Review, London, United Kingdom, 6-7 November 2017
- De Silva Perera, D.,Sooriyarachchi, M. (2012). Generalized cochran mantel haenszel test for multilevel correlated categorical data: An algorithm and R function In: Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 40, 137 - 148
- De Silva Perera, D.,Sooriyarachchi, M. (2012). Generalized Linear Multilevel Models for Ordinal Categorical Responses: Methods and Application to Medical Data In: Sri Lankan Journal of Applied Statistics, 12, 83 - 99


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Hey, I'm Pete!
Long Grove IL | Member since October 2016
About Pete Brandel
Playful, Genuine, Caring, Fun-loving, Creative. Interests include nature, the healing arts, yoga, soulful and alternative living, being playful, amazing food, inspired art, personal growth, holistic medicine & healing modalities, conscious business, zen, fun, and good vibes. I think about how real solutions already exist to the challenges that face us."
Pete Brandel's Services
Pete Brandel's Requests
Robert provided hour of Wix website creator/editor/SEO for PeteApr 26, 2017
Pete was great to work with. He was open and easy to talk to. 10/10
Jairus received session of Business Chakra™ Analysis from PeteMar 23, 2017
Pete's business chakra analysis was greatly appeciated. He is professional, intuitive, and nurturing in his approach. I was surprised as to how effect...ive our over the phone session truly was. I still feel the energetic shifts that we worked on to this day! I highly reccomend this service.show more
April received package of Two Poems for you from PeteMar 16, 2017
Pete is an innovative thinker, and I really appreciated how he communicated! I was surprised at how much calmer I was after my session with him.
Nikolai received unit of Personal Custom Poem from PeteMar 13, 2017
Pete was fun to work with, and he offered me options to fine tune the poem he made. In the end, I'm happy with the result and working with him was gre...at fun. I would recommend anyone to check out Pete and his work. show more
Josh provided Help with Where to share free program... for PeteFeb 23, 2017
Awesome :0)
Jason provided Help with Where to share free program... for PeteFeb 23, 2017
It was a pleasure working on this.
Katie Lee received package of Two Poems for you from PeteJan 30, 2017
Pete was very nice and his words resonated. Thank you!!!
Christopher provided Help with Advice on Facebook image posts for PeteJan 30, 2017
Abigail provided Help with Advice on Facebook image posts for PeteJan 17, 2017
Pete, is super grateful and easy to trade with.
Kai provided Help with Advice on Facebook image posts for PeteJan 13, 2017
Pete was very friendly!
Services Pete Brandel is looking for:
- Fun & Quirky
- Digital Marketing
- Website Consulting
- Web/Software Development
- Graphic Design
- Video & AV
- Digital
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- Art & Design


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Team Name Bonus Point – Week of 15 January 2017
Donald Trump is about to become president.
And over the next four years, you can be pretty confident he will insult a lot of people.
This week you will get a bonus point if your team name is how Donald Trump would insult you.
There are plenty of examples to give you ideas here and here.
Whether you are crooked, a big mistake, a lightweight bimbo, or an overrated clown who really bombed, making your team name a Trumpesque insult will get you a bonus point.
Have an interesting week.


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Over the years I've developed this taco recipe, and now it's the only way we have them. It's always a big hit with my family. Earlier this week when I made these fajita tacos, my son came into the kitchen and said, "Are we having tacos?!?" I wish I could capture the sound of his voice in writing.
We've even had this taco recipe for Easter dinner when my in-laws and sister-in-law were visiting. Everybody loved them!
1 lb ground beef
¼ cup + 1 tsp taco seasoning mix
¾ cup water
1 tbsp light olive oil
2 peppers (red, yellow, or orange)
1 large sweet onion
1 clove garlic (optional)
¾ vegetable oil
18 small corn tortillas
Shredded cheddar cheese
Sour cream
Taco sauce
Shredded lettuce (optional)
In a medium skillet, fry ground beef. Remove grease. Stir in seasoning mix and water, and simmer for 10 minutes. (I use McCormick's taco seasoning. If you prefer a different brand, follow the instructions on the packet.)
Slice peppers and onion. This week, I used one red and one yellow pepper.