text:
We are encountering an issue in using Drupal devPortal onPremise behind an enterprise httpProxy.
The devconnect is unable to reach the management server API. It fails with connect timeout after 4 seconds (the default value).
We tried a lot of things to configure PHP without any success.
All the following tries don't work. Some of them are very dirty and thus not acceptable.
Try 1 :
Adding vars in /etc/environment
http_proxy=http://myProxyHostname:3128 https_proxy=http://myProxyHostname:3128 HTTP_PROXY=http://myProxyHostname:3128 HTTPS_PROXY=http://myProxyHostname:3128
Try 2 :
Adding vars in .profile for the user apigee :
export http_proxy='http://myProxyHostname:3128' export https_proxy='http://myProxyHostname:3128'
Try 3 :
- Customize Drupal by adding $conf['proxy_server'] and $conf['proxy_port'] in .../apigee-drupal-devportal/conf/settings.php
(Done by patching the source because there is no customer token for this.)
Try 4 :
Adding in /opt/apigee/data/apigee-drupal-devportal/sites/default/default.settings.php :
$conf['proxy_server'] = 'xx.xx.xx.xx'; $conf['proxy_port'] = 3128;
Try 5 :
Setting http_proxy in ~/.curlrc
Try 6 :
Using an auto_prepend_file in php.ini like this :
<?php stream_context_set_default(['http'=>['proxy'=>'xx.xx.xx.xx:3128']]); $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_PROXY, "http://xx.xx.xx.xx:3128");
(See here for the idea : https://stackoverflow.com/a/40771206 )
Try 7 (very dirty) :
Adding $curl_options['http_proxy'] = 'http://myProxyHostname:3128';
in file modules/custom/devconnect/devconnect.admin.inc line 710
Nothing in Apigee documentation about http proxy.
Any help would be appreciated.
Answer by Nicolas TISSERAND · Jul 06, 2018 at 11:06 AM
Here is a working solution. Perhaps not the best.
Before this 4.18.01, we were using an old release based on Apache httpd. It worked by adding the proxy configuration directly in the systemd conf for httpd.
Now, it's NGinx and PHP-FPM. It doesn't work the same way.
I managed to reach the management server through http proxy by adding these lines in /opt/apigee/apigee-drupal-devportal/source/conf/php-fpm.conf
env["http_proxy"]= "http://myProxyHost:myProxyPort" env["https_proxy"] = "http://myProxyHost:myProxyPort"
It's a bit dirty because it's in the "source" folder of apigee-devportal.
On the other hand, there is no token allowing to add custom entries in this file.
Moreover, the php-fpm process doesn't use at all the default config in /etc/php-fpm.conf or /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
So patching the source seems the only working solution. Does anybody from Apigee has a better idea ?
Answer by Jyothi K Reddy · Jul 05, 2018 at 03:19 PM
Could you try this in dev connect settings
In most cases your TLSport would be 8443 unless you are using a different one for your install
Let me know how it goes!
p.s please try without any proxy options you've set for connectivity.
Answer by Nicolas TISSERAND · Jul 05, 2018 at 03:56 PM
Hi @Jyothi K Reddy , thanks for your idea.
Unfortunately, it doesn't work neither by using the IP (we are in http, not https) :
We must go through the proxy even for IP addreses.
@Nicolas TISSERAND I have a couple of things we could try.
Pls check if your IP is the same as the one in /tmp/edge/edge-devportal-dp-response-{version_numnber}.
This file has an entry for MGMT_URL="http://$IP1:8080/v1"
If this is the IP you are using, and geting connectivity issue, I will try to simulate your settings and see if settings.php entries can be tuned ?
I've found a solution, thanks for trying to help (I'll put the details in a new answer so that people can vote for it).
There is no such file edge-devportal-dp-response-* anywhere on the server. (We use apigee-drupal-devportal 4.18.01-0.0.262).
But, the MGMT_URL entry is present in the silent config file used to install the devPortal.
This entry points to the management server with the DNS name which is what we prefer. The configuration is coherent. Using the IP was just a test for you.
To complete the test, we can `curl` to the management server in commandline through the http_proxy. Indifferently with the IP address or the DNS name.
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June 25, Victoria. Today's seeding report arrived and departed today without turning too many heads. Here is a quick breakdown for those of you who missed it:
Laird Lentils: 820,000 acres, down 31 % from last year. More importantly, the carryover that has plagued the market for the last few years has finally been cleaned up. Unfortunately, export markets have not been successful in holding onto price gains. This has left the market in a fairly steady state. Eventually lower supply will win out. Expect prices to gradually rise through 2014.
Red Lentils: 1,200,000 acres, up 30 % from last year. With virtually zero carryover from 2012 and limited competition from other producing countries, I expect reds to stay strong though 2014. It will be a tough market to get in and out of. Crop could easily sell out again in 2014.
Green Peas: 455,000 acres, up 13.5 % from 2012. Green Peas have been sold out for months. Though new crop prices have stabilized, look out if we see quality problems (bleaching) at harvest time. We will be back at record levels.
Yellow Peas: 2,625,000 acres, down 10% from 2012. Limited Carryover. Growers have shown their disappointment in financial returns from Yellow Peas in previous years. The lower acres should provide support for gradually rising prices through 2014.
Canary: 165,000 acres, down 45% from 2012. While there remains some canary in the pipeline, prices are going to have to increase to reduce demand proportionally to supply. $1200 canary anyone? Mexican demand may have something to say about that.
Turbulent weather and currency markets are doing their best to offset each other. It will be difficult to see anyone take strong positions given the lack of carry-out stocks, weak buying markets, and uncertain yields due to messy weather around the world. For now, better to wait and see what the coming months bring.
Have a Great Week!

subset: commoncrawl


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U.S. Poker Open 2019
Event #6 – $25,000 PLO
Player Spotlight: Sam Soverel
Sam Soverel is right at home playing a full slate at the 2019 U.S. Poker Open. The reigning High Roller of the Year had quite the 12-month run leading into this year's USPO.
Soverel won nine high roller tournaments last year and cashed in 20 total. His total earnings on the high roller circuit equaled $2.6 million and he finished 235 points ahead of the 2nd place POY finisher Isaac Hexton.
"It's easy to get complacent when things are going your way for a while, and I found the time to put in practice hours," Soverel told Poker Central this month.
Though he's not yet 30 years old, Soverel is a seasoned veteran on the high roller scene. He won his first high roller tournament in 2014, pocketing $480,200 by winning a $50,000 NLH buy-in at ARIA Resort & Casino.
Soverel was born in Florida and started his poker story there. His first listed cash was for $6,606 after finishing 13th in the 2011 Heartland Poker Tour Main Event in Daytona Beach. One month later, he came in 2nd at the WPT Main Event at Orange Park in Jacksonville, FL, winning $187,762 for his first major tournament score.
His next stop was Las Vegas, naturally.
Bankrolled enough to enter the 2012 World Series of Poker Main Event, Soverel finished 81st out of 6,598 entrants. Four years later, having established himself as one of the premier high rollers in the game, Soverel added his first World Series of Poker bracelet to his resume at the 2016 WSOP.
Since winning his first tournament in 2011, Soverel has generated over $7.6 million in live earnings. He admitted, "it's hard to get me excited about a tournament these days," having done it for so long. But the uniqueness of the U.S. Poker Open, he said, makes this series stick out among a crowded high-roller circuit.
"The $100,000 [bonus for winning the U.S. Poker Open championship] and both Pot Limit Omaha and Short Deck as part of an awesome schedule have me planning my personal time, travel, and general life around it pretty heavily," Soverel told Poker Central earlier this month.


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Arthritis: Diagnosis and Tests
How is arthritis diagnosed?
To diagnose arthritis, a doctor will take a medical history and ask questions about the patient's pain. The doctor will do a physical examination to find the causes of pain and how this pain is affecting the patient's ability to function.
The patient might have X-rays or other imaging procedures such as a CT scan (computerized tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to see how much joint damage there is. The patient may also see several different specialists.
What blood tests are done to diagnose arthritis?
Patients with arthritis will probably have blood tests when they first see the doctor and as part of their follow-up care. This is because blood is the most easily and safely sampled body tissue, and it contains traces of material from every other part of the body. The most common blood tests used to help diagnose and manage arthritis include the following:
Complete blood count: The complete blood count (CBC) is a series of blood tests that provides information about the different parts of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Automated machines rapidly count the cell types. The CBC test results can help diagnose diseases and also tell how serious the disease is. Under normal conditions, the white blood cell count is between 4,000 and 11,000. A high white blood cell count could mean there is inflammation (swelling), which can be caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, infections, stress and exercise will temporarily raise the white blood cell count, too. A CBC also measures hemoglobin, a component of red cells that contains iron and carries oxygen. The hematocrit is the percent of total blood volume that is made up of red cells. Normal hematocrit values are 39% to 51% for males, and 36% to 46% for females. A lower hematocrit can be caused by a number of factors or conditions, including RA.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a test in which a blood sample is placed in a tube to see how far the red blood cells settle in one hour. Inflammation in the body produces proteins in the blood, which make the red cells clump together and causes them to fall faster than the healthy blood cells. Since inflammation can be caused by conditions other than arthritis, the ESR test alone does not diagnose arthritis.
Rheumatoid factor: Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an antibody found in many patients with RA. It is one of several methods used to diagnose RA (80% of RA patients have RF in their blood, though other inflammatory or infectious diseases may also be the cause).
Antinuclear antibody: Patients with certain rheumatic diseases, such as lupus, make antibodies that are directed at the nucleus of the body's cells. These antibodies, known as antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), are discovered by viewing the patient's blood serum (clear liquid separated from the blood) under a microscope. More than 95% of patients with lupus have a positive ANA test. However, patients with other diseases also can have positive ANA test results, and even perfectly healthy people can have positive ANA test results, so other tests must be completed before a diagnosis can be made.


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AP World History
Grade Level: High School
Subject: History and Social Sciences
Type: AP
This course spans the Neolithic Age to the present in a rigorous academic format organized by chronological periods and viewed through fundamental concepts and course themes. Students analyze the causes and processes of continuity and change across historical periods. Themes include human–environment interaction, cultures, expansion and conflict, political and social structures, and economic systems. In addition to mastering historical content, students cultivate historical thinking skills that involve crafting arguments based on evidence, identifying causation, comparing and supplying context for events and phenomenon, and developing historical interpretation. This course prepares students for the AP World History exam.


text:
CoverGirl Cheekers Golden Tan Bronzer
1 ctUPC: 0006197200523
Purchase Options
Can't make it to the beach? This smooth face bronzer adds a healthy, sun-kissed glow to any complexion, instantly giving your skin the look of a natural tan. Its petite size is perfect for slipping into the tiniest bag or purse so you can glow on the go.
- Made in USA


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For years, bleach has been a product of choice for sanitizing and cleaning for most people. Due to its corrosive nature, homeowners have often considered it for killing bed bugs.
Just like cockroaches, bed bugs are difficult to control and will multiply fast. Therefore, in this article, I've outlined my thorough response to this question – Does Bleach Kill Bed Bugs? Yes…How effective?
Summary: Technically, bleach will kill bed bugs by making the sodium hypochlorite to oxidize the bug's body or outer shell.
However, humans or pets could inhale their toxic fumes or it might damage your clothes and fabrics. In addition, you must spray the bleach mixture directly on the bed bug. In fact, bed bug sprays would be more effective and faster alternative.
What's this bleach?
According to research by Michigan, Hsp33 (a protein) tends to react with the bleach and thus killed the bacteria under test. Therefore, a similar reaction with bleach would also kill bed bugs.
Bleach (with chlorine as its active ingredient) is a chemical compound used in most homes to color-lighten and whitens fabrics and clothes. As noted above, the chemical application is mainly as a disinfectant or cleaner. Its mainly loved for its great ability to kill various kinds of algae, mildews, and bacteria.
Its basic function – bleaching- happens through chlorine-initiated reduction or oxidation. Chemically, scientists say that Chlorine breaks down chromophore, which makes the compound to become non-reactive to all visible light.
Also, bleach can will disinfectant against various microbes through denaturing the bacterial proteins and hence rendering them harmless when they clump together – the same way you cannot uncook a boiled or fried egg.
Why bleach isn't effective for bed bugs
Do away with bleach (Sodium hypochlorite – NaOCl) and consider safer and effective solutions like rubbing alcohol, Lysol, and Ammonia, bed bug steamers to Kill adult bed bugs and baby bed bug nymphs.
Below, I've outlined the reasons why you should avoid bleach as a bed bug control solution. Always, ensure you carefully read the product label instructions.
1. Requires direct contact with bed bugs
Bleach will only kill bed bugs through direct contact and thus will be less effective for the bugs that are still in some of their odd hiding places.
Bleach cannot poison bed bugs that fall near it. Therefore, the homeowner would require to spray the chemical directly on the body of the bed bug – if not you'll have missed the train.
Therefore, in case the bed bugs will be hiding on fabrics and clothes, you might end up unintentionally damaging them.
2. Bleach can poison pets and humans
Bleach may also poison your pets, adult human beings, and kids. But how? If you kid or dogs/ cars accidentally ingest the bleaching liquid, they might get poisoned.
When used in combination with HCl, bleach may result in a number of conditions such as acute lung injury, (ALI), adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or death. This may come in the form of chloramine, or chlorine dioxide.
Also, bleach may react with human skin leading to chemical burns.
3. Bed bug's pheromones sense bleach from far
These C. hemipterus bugs use their pheromones to determine the type and concentration of chemicals or poisons in their environment and thus can escape if you've sprayed any bleach. Therefore, after detecting some bleach in their environment, they'll run into hiding cabinets, dresses or cracks and crevices.
Scientifically, C. hemipterus were previously considered to be odorless but various chemical compounds can signal to them and hence described like alarm pheromones. Therefore, bleach will not be a great bed bug control solution since the bugs will simply detect the chemical and go into hiding.
4. Heat treatment is a better alternative
For this you'll do over 2 hours of heat treatment of your rooms at 140 degrees F. Such a treatment will allow you to kill bed bugs that are visible and those hiding inside cracks and crevices. Luckily, this heat treatment method even kills bed bugs that are insecticide-resistant.
Heat treatment for bed bugs is Eco-friendly, produces no toxic gases and will leave no residual like the bleach method we discussed above. Equally, with this method, you'd not mainly require to undertake follow-up treatments as technique will kill even the bed bug nymphs and eggs.
So, does Bleach Kill Bed Bugs? Yes…How effective? Well, we've covered reasons why you definitely shouldn't use bleach to try and kill bed bugs.
Therefore, my conclusion is that you must avoid bleach and result in other roach solutions options such as heat treatment, roach bombs or roach killers.
2. Rutgers study Bleach controlling bed bugs
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The kitchen evolution can be used as a yardstick to measure how far we have come in home design. From a hearth, to a kitchen house with firewood and onto cookers inside the house, kitchens have transformed into a work of art. They are now viewed beyond their traditional role of cooking, and are seen as the heart of a home.
Right in the middle of this evolution is the classy, dainty kitchen island, which many have taken to in a bid to modernize their kitchens.
A kitchen island is aptly named so because it looks like a breakaway piece from the rest of the kitchen tops, much like an island and the main land. It is usually in the centre of a kitchen, but can also be on the sides too.
Shamia Nanyonjo, the sales manager at Hwan Sung in Kyambogo, says kitchen islands come in many types, designs and shapes.
Types and design
Nanyonjo says the two-step kitchen island is a type of Kitchen Island that has two levels, with one lower than the other.
While the higher side (one metre) has the provision of leg-room, which turns that part of the kitchen island into a breakfast bar or buffet table, the lower part (0.85 metres) has cabinets for storage.
"It is wooden and 2.5 metres long with a granite worktop and MDF (medium-density fireboard) board," she says, adding that it tastefully separates the island into two: the cabinet area and breakfast bar.
Nanyonjo also says this type costs sh2.3m.
The second type is the kitchen island that looks like a dining table with a granite and wood finish. This one has a provision for a highlight cooker and a worktop as well.
"It also has a wine rack provision with shutters and drawers," says Nanyonjo, adding that it costs $ 2200 (sh8.1m) because of its design.
The simple design kitchen island is the third type, which has a granite top, MDF board, a provision for a highlight cooker, shutters and seats four. It is a basic kitchen island with a subtle appeal.
"The full design costs $ 1267 (sh4.7m)," says Nanyonjo.
The fourth type is the kitchen island with circular tops at either end. Nanyonjo says clients find it charming and it comes with a wine rack, shutters, and open shelves. It also has leg room for the breakfast bar and costs $ 2, 200 (about sh8.1m).
The simple oval island kitchen comes with open shelves, drawers and a wine rack, complete with a granite worktop and MDF board. Nanyonjo says it costs $ 2000 (sh7.4m).
She explains that the wooden kitchen islands are more expensive than the MDF islands and take longer to make.
"Usually kitchen islands come with the kitchen and it is rarely bought separately. It takes two months to make a wooden island because of the process of making it from raw wood. They are made here in Kyambogo and it takes two months," says Nanyonjo.
On the other hand, she says islands made with MDF boards are easier to make and take two weeks only because the boards are already made.
Kitchen islands have a number of advantages, and that can explain why they are trending. Nanjonjo says one advantage is the fact that they work as a dining area for breakfast or lunch, especially for a few people. Instead of setting a table for two, the kitchen island's breakfast bar can suffice.
"It increases space for the working area in the kitchen," she says, adding that a kitchen has more worktop surface than a kitchen without an island.
Since some kitchen islands come with storage areas such as: wine racks, cabinets, drawers and open shelves, Nanyonjo says they make the kitchen an easier place to manoeuvre around.
"When you are cooking, everything is within reach; it is accessible so you don't have to move around the kitchen looking for ingredients or utensils," she says.
Nanyonjo adds that as some islands are complete with a cooker and a sink, working in the kitchen becomes much less cumbersome because the island becomes a one-stop centre.
Kitchen islands hardly have any disadvantage, save for the fact that sometimes, people want to change their home décor.
"If someone does not want an island, we can make you a breakfast or lunch or dinner table that can be fixed or not. It will also have drawers, shutters and a wine rack," she says, adding that it can cost $ 884 (sh3m) per metre of MDF board.
Why it is trending
Andrew Tumwesigye of Nina Interiors along Jinja Road, says kitchen islands are the trend because people generally do not have time for fine dining.
"People do not have time to sit and dine at table at home. They are on-the-go," he explains.
He also mentions the general lack of space in homes as new designs tend to the minimalist modern design. This lack of space means that they do not have space for a dining table and so the kitchen island is the best alternative for dining given their limited space.
Nanyonjo says they are trending because of they add beauty to the kitchen. "Our clients buy them a lot when they come to buy kitchens because they add beauty to the kitchen," she says.
She also notes that the advent of the open plan design has made islands very appealing. "Because of open plan design, the islands occupy the space and act as a separator between the dining and the kitchen," says Nanyonjo.


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The success of our organization depends on the contributions of our volunteers. There are numerous ways to become involved from joining us on a trip as a rehabilitation professional or support worker to assisting with fundraising or administrative duties at home.
We encourage you to seriously consider the expectations of our volunteers and evaluate what skills and talents you could contribute. While it is a big commitment to become involved we can assure you that you will get more than you give from this rewarding experience!
What it Costs
Our organization functions entirely as a volunteer, not-for-profit organization, and as such we are all responsible for covering the costs of our initiatives.
For each trip, costs include round-trip airfare, ground transportation, room and board. Additional team costs can include transportation within the host country, translators, departure taxes, visas, medical equipment and supplies, packing supplies, stationary, printing and postage. As much as possible we seek to obtain donated equipment and supplies. Each trip's costs can change based on current air fares, length of stay, size of the group, shipping of equipment and planned projects.
Individually, additional costs include immunizations, passport, local souvenir shopping and cultural events.
To Contact Us For More Information:
Team Canada Healing Hands
PO Box 1313 Station A
Fredericton, NB, E3B5C8
Tel: 506.363.2684
Fax: 506.363.3244


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Firstly, I'm really excited because I won Luna Rain's giveaway and as a prize I'm getting this awesome set of accessories and stuff!
Picture from Luna's blog.
Secondly, one of our housemates moved out, which is sad, but on the upside James and I have almost finished turning his old bedroom into a fantastic workroom and will probably be turning our old workroom into a little photography studio. It's been hectic, but so damn good. I have sewing plans to enact in the new workroom already, with the first things being a royal blue bolero and offwhite-with-blue-flowers JSK.
Also, not really an update but just something funny I noticed is that my lolita wardrobe is entirely florals and solids, with the exception of two fruit themed and one gothic piece. I went through and had a wardrobe purge and then, going back to look at what I was keeping, realised it was overwhelmingly floral.
A slightly older series I'm gradually falling in love with...
Lastly, I really love AP's upcoming Classic Fairy Tales series but fortunately for my wallet my absolute favourite cut is the OP which, being unshirred, won't fit me. And probably wouldn't take my Western shoulder regardless of my weight anyway. But it seems to be a bit of an unpopular series, so maybe I can get something from it secondhand down the track since I also can't really afford it right now either.
One day...
Well, that was a bit of a ramble but hey... this blog is aptly named. I shall hopefully be back with some more fresh content soon; I have another wardrobe challenge in the works and if the sewing goes well I'll be sharing that as well.


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McClain County Sheriff's Office is investigating an acute case of animal cruelty after a man was found dumping 3 dogs on a rural country road in Oklahoma on Labor Day. In a surveillance camera footage shared by resident Joe Fleming, the man can be seen harshly dumping the dogs before driving off.
Cops and locals are disgusted to see the dogs being mishandled by the man in this footage. The man first places a water bowl on the road and fills it up. He then opens the hatch of his vehicle, grabs the 3 dogs by the neck and the tail, and starts tossing them out one by one. All the dogs are rattled by the impact, with one even falling flat on the water bowl.
Dana Scott of "Helping Paws Animal Rescue" has rescued the traumatized dogs and will help them get spayed, neutered and microchipped. One of the dogs has already been adopted by a local man named Steve Howard. Dana says that people often come to dump their pets in this remote area, and she has saved about 1100 dogs in the past 8 years.
The cops are now asking for the public's help in the identification of the culprit. Once caught, the man will face animal abuse and neglect charges. We hope he is found soon and brought to justice. Spread the word and help the cops track this heartless man.
Click the video below to watch the footage of the man harshly dumping the 3 dogs.


text:
The Suitcase is, according to the subtitle, "A Story about Giving." And it is that, I suppose. But more than that, it's a story about Thomas.
"He was maybe just a little bit different, this child named Thomas."
Thomas doesn't build with his blocks. He lines them up.
He spends hours spinning in circles and reciting the alphabet.
And he talks. He talks to the goats. He talks to his family. It seems that he really likes to talk.
Thomas struggles to listen. But he listens. And he hears more, perhaps, than others give him credit for.
And he takes what he hears quite literally. At church, he's heard a lot about the Kingdom of God. He's been planning to go there for a good, long time. He made a list of everything he'll need on the way, gathered it up, and packed it all in a suitcase.
He's ready to go.
His family – including the dog! – aren't sure what to make of the suitcase. Thomas is usually such a predictable child. But this – nobody predicted this.
His daddy asks Thomas to show him what he packed. Thomas pulls out applesauce, to feed the hungry. A coin purse with all his money, to give to the poor. A tablecloth, in case he needs to entertain angels. Tape, because he talks too much. And lots more.
Nobody laughs at Thomas. They listen. They think before they respond. And Thomas's daddy finally tells him that he doesn't need to go anywhere, because he's already in the Kingdom of Heaven. His good heart shows that.
But, his daddy continues, lots of people don't know how to get there. Thomas's sister wants to tell them. So they all put away the meal they were about to have, and they go serve a meal to others.
A Story about Acceptance
Jane G. Meyer made me love Thomas, and The Suitcase is best when it is focused on him. He's a fascinating and delightful character. The book never says that he's autistic, but I have a (now grown) autistic child. Thomas isn't exactly like my child. But Thomas is clearly autistic.
I asked my autistic child to read The Suitcase with me. We both expected Thomas to struggle when his dad tells him he's already in the Kingdom. Cognitive rigidity is real. Shifting gears is hard. A meltdown seemed like the obvious next event.
But Thomas easily accepted what he was told. He was amazed that he didn't need his suitcase. Amazed, and apparently delighted.
And I found myself wondering how an autistic child could be so flexible. I wondered what allowed him to transition so easily.
Thomas and his family lived on a farm. Maybe that had something to do with it. There is space on a farm for Thomas to wander and to spin, there are animals to talk to.
And his family clearly loves him and accepts him just as he is. They're okay with him lining up his blocks. They don't ridicule him for thinking that the Kingdom of Heaven is a place you need to pack a suitcase to go. And there are no neighbors to give disapproving looks, to tell Thomas that he ought to be different, that he ought to be someone that he's not.
I absolutely love that about the story. More than anything about giving, I love the way that it's about acceptance.
And perhaps it's because Thomas was in such a gentle environment, perhaps it's because acceptance flowed over him like sunshine, perhaps that's why Thomas avoided the anxiety that cripples so many people on the autism spectrum. Maybe without the anxiety, it's easier for him to be flexible.
I know that was true, and still is, for my autistic child. If she's less anxious, she's less rigid, more capable, more willing to do new things.
A Story About an Autistic Child's Search for the Kingdom of Heaven
At the very end, The Suitcase shifts, ever so slightly, from being a story about Thomas to being a story about giving.
I wish it hadn't. I don't care for books about virtues. Stories about being polite, or about honesty, just don't work for me. I much prefer stories about children who struggle to be polite, or who learn the value of honesty.
And The Suitcase is mostly that sort of story, the sort that I prefer. Even though it's about an autistic child's search for the Kingdom of Heaven, it's not overburdened with theological explanations of sin and salvation. Thomas is such a strong and endearing character that he carries his story with him through to the end.
The Art and Other Stuff
Chiara Pasqualotto's water color illustrations are soft and lovely. If I didn't love The Suitcase for Meyer's story, I'd love it for Pasquallotto's illustrations. They create a feeling of warmth and gentleness that suits the story perfectly.
The book includes, at the end, a page of "Resources for Grownups." It provides encouragement for listening to children when they want to talk about big topics, like caring for the poor, and suggestions for engaging children in charitable work.
Read More
Last Stop on Market Street: A Review: After church, a very grumpy CJ goes with his grandmother to the last stop on Market Street, where they serve meals to the poor.
17 essential picture books for Orthodox Christian kids: If you're looking for picture books that include stories about Orthodox Christian people and traditions, you'll find them on this list.
Loving an Autistic Child at Church: The autistic children in your parish need your love and acceptance. So do their parents.


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Mini Review ARTICLE
Dissociable roles of the hippocampus and parietal cortex in processing of coordinate and categorical spatial information
- 1Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
- 2School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
It is generally accepted that spatial relationships and spatial information are critically involved in the formation of cognitive maps. It remains unclear, however, which properties of the world are explicitly encoded and how these properties might contribute to the formation of such maps. It has been proposed that spatial relations are encoded either categorically, such that the relative positions of objects are defined in prepositional terms; or as visual coordinates, such that the precise distances between objects are represented. Emerging evidence from human and animal studies suggests that distinct neural circuits might underlie categorical and coordinate representations of object locations during active spatial navigation. Here we review evidence for the hypothesis that the hippocampal formation is crucial for encoding coordinate information, whereas the parietal cortex is crucial for encoding categorical spatial information. Our short review provides a novel view regarding the functions and potential interactions of these two regions during active spatial navigation.
As humans navigate they build up mental models of the physical world, which are indispensable for finding one's way in complex environments and planning routes to distant locations. Previous human and animal studies have suggested that mental models of spatial environments are not maintained as a unitary representation; instead, different aspects of space appear to be underpinned by many different cognitive subsystems and brain regions (e.g., Bohbot et al., 2000; Epstein and Higgins, 2007; Zhang et al., 2012; Baumann and Mattingley, 2013). A prominent example of this representational fragmentation is the distinction between egocentric and allocentric representations of object locations. The egocentric representational system is thought to provide transient action-oriented representations of the environment from the viewpoint of the navigator (for an overview see reviews by Klatzky, 1998; Burgess, 2006). Several lines of evidence indicate that egocentric representations are supported by the parietal lobe. For example, lesions of the posterior parietal cortex are known to disrupt patients' ability to point to the locations of objects in the absence of visual input (Levine et al., 1985), and neurons in the intraparietal sulcus have been found to respond to visual and auditory targets in a body-centered fashion (Mullette-Gillman et al., 2005). In contrast, the allocentric system is thought to provide a comprehensive and enduring representation of the environment that is accessible from any viewpoint (Klatzky, 1998; Burgess, 2006). In humans and rodents, the hippocampus has been found to contain view-invariant cells that fire selectively as a function of an animal's location in space, but show little dependence on the animal's egocentric orientation during active navigation (O'Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971; Ekstrom et al., 2003).
Categorical Vs. Coordinate Spatial Representations
Another hypothesized dichotomy within spatial memory is the distinction between categorical and coordinate representations of space. Categorical spatial relationships capture general properties of the spatial layout, referring to broad equivalence classes of spatial positions relative to reference stimuli (e.g., left/right, below/above, inside/outside). By contrast, coordinate spatial relationships refer to precise spatial locations, which can be expressed in terms of metric units between locations (e.g., Object A is located 2.4 m from Object B). This distinction was originally proposed by Kosslyn (Kosslyn, 1987; Kosslyn et al., 1989, 1992), based on neural network simulations that showed that it is computationally more efficient to represent categorical and coordinate spatial information separately. Kosslyn also made anatomic predictions, proposing that the left hemisphere is involved specifically in processing categorical information, whereas the right hemisphere is involved in processing coordinate information. According to his original theory, such a hemispheric asymmetry might have arisen for two reasons. First, the left hemisphere advantage for categorical processing could have emerged from its pre-existing dominance for language, particularly with respect to category formation, whereas the right hemisphere advantage for coordinate processing could have arisen from its fundamental role in spatial navigation (Kosslyn, 1987; Kosslyn et al., 1989). In this context, however, it is important to mention that the left hemisphere advantage for categorical processing has also been observed in monkeys (Jason et al., 1984; Vogels et al., 1994) and pigeons (Yamazaki et al., 2007), implying that language is not the only factor that aids category formation. An alternative explanation for the hemispheric asymmetry is that it might arise from a difference in the receptive field properties of neurons in the two hemispheres (Kosslyn et al., 1992; Jacobs et al., 1994; Chabris and Kosslyn, 1998). According to this account, the right hemisphere has a bias to encode outputs from neurons with relatively large receptive fields, whereas the left hemisphere has a bias for neurons with relatively small receptive fields. The assumption is that non-overlapping receptive fields divide space into simple categorical relations, whereas large, overlapping receptive fields support the encoding of precise coordinate relations. This hypothesis is corroborated by the observation that the left hemisphere is biased to process signals from the parvocellular visual pathway, whereas the right hemisphere is biased to process signals from the magnocellular visual pathway (Kosslyn et al., 1992; Roth and Hellige, 1998; Hellige and Cumberland, 2001).
Distinct Neural Networks Underlie Encoding of Categorical and Coordinate Spatial Relations
Despite the uncertainty regarding a theoretical explanation, several human studies have provided experimental evidence for the hypothesized separation of coordinate and categorical representations of space. Evidence has come from three main sources: (1) visual half-field studies in healthy participants; (2) neuroimaging investigations; and (3) behavioral studies in patients with brain lesions. The proposed hemispheric lateralization effect has been most consistently observed in the parietal cortex (cf. Jager and Postma, 2003), but has also been detected in frontal areas (Slotnick and Moo, 2006; van der Ham et al., 2009). It is important to add, however, that the evidence for hemispheric specialization originates almost exclusively from experiments in which human participants are asked to encode and recall visual stimuli within static, two-dimensional displays (cf. Jager and Postma, 2003). A classic example is the seminal study by Kosslyn et al., 1989; see Figure 1A) in which participants either judged whether a dot was on or off the contour of a line drawing of a nonsense shape (the categorical task), or whether the dot was within 2 mm of the contour (the metric task). Later studies replicated the hemispheric specialization effect using more realistic stimuli, such as meaningful objects (Saneyoshi et al., 2006) and natural scenes (van der Ham et al., 2011). These studies, however, did not examine whether the distinction between coordinate and categorical representations would also apply to the encoding of three-dimensional spatial environments, in which individuals must build up a representation based upon continually changing visual inputs obtained from a first-person perspective.
Figure 1. (A) Example of the stimuli used in the experiment by Kosslyn et al. (1989). The stimuli were amorphous outline figures with a large dot located 0, 1 or 10 mm from the border of the figure. Participants in the coordinate task were asked to judge whether the dot was within 2 mm of the contour of the blob, whereas participants in the categorical task were asked to judge whether the dot was on or off the contour. (B) Illustration of the spatial environments used by Goodrich-Hunsaker et al. (2005). Shown is the geometric configuration of colored objects on top of a round board. (C) After rats habituated to the environment, either a categorical or coordinate transformation was applied (in this illustration, a categorical transformation via a left-right transposition of the green and red landmarks is shown). Subsequent assessment of the rats' re-exploration behavior served as an indicator of the precision of their internal representation of the layout.
Initial evidence for separate coordinate and categorical representations of three-dimensional spatial environments was obtained in animals. Goodrich-Hunsaker et al. (2005) employed a novelty-detection task in brain-lesioned rats to investigate the neural circuits underlying the encoding of categorical and coordinate spatial relations during active navigation. Rats were first familiarized with a geometric object configuration on top of a round board (see Figure 1B). Subsequently, either the categorical or coordinate relationship between the geometric objects was altered (e.g., via a left-right transposition or distance change), and the rats' exploration behavior was recorded and assessed as an indicator of their spatial knowledge (see Figure 1C). Rats naturally familiarize themselves with their environment via initial exploration (habituation, Poucet, 1993), and if a change in the environment occurs they typically spend substantially more time re-exploring the environment (dishabituation, Save et al., 1992). The ratio of the total time spent exploring the displaced objects and the total time spent exploring the non-displaced objects can be used as an indicator of the reliability of the underlying spatial representation. For example, if a rat spends a significant amount of time re-exploring two objects that have undergone a categorical transformation, but fails to respond to a coordinate transformation, it can be presumed that the rat has a compromised ability to encode coordinate relations, whereas its ability to encode categorical relations is unimpaired. Using this approach, Goodrich-Hunsaker et al. (2005) discovered that rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions displayed deficits in coordinate spatial learning tasks, but behaved normally in categorical tasks. On the other hand, rats with parietal lesions showed significant impairments in categorical spatial memory tasks but not in coordinate tasks.
Thus, whereas the human literature has suggested a hemispheric specialization (left vs. right) for the encoding of categorical and coordinate spatial relations, the rodent data imply a structural specialization (parietal cortex vs. hippocampus). It is important to note, however, that the relevant human studies have employed almost exclusively static, two-dimensional stimulus arrays, whereas the rodent studies have used three-dimensional mazes and arenas that the animal is required to learn through active exploration. A possible explanation for the apparent discrepancy between the human and rodent research, therefore, is that the two species process categorical and coordinate information differently, or that the discrepancy is due to the different paradigms used in people and rats.
We recently investigated this question by using fMRI to monitor brain activity while human participants actively navigated a three-dimensional virtual arena, which was similar to those employed in rodent research (Baumann et al., 2012). The virtual arena consisted of an infinite plane and contained just two geometric objects, with one serving as a landmark and the other as a target. The landmark was a cylinder rendered in four different colors, virtually dividing the arena into four quadrants, and the target was a small yellow pyramid (see Figure 2A). On every trial, the participants were required to locate and navigate to the target object using a hand-held joystick. In the categorical condition, participants were instructed to remember the quadrant in which the target object was located, as defined by the color-code of the central landmark. By contrast, in the coordinate condition participants were instructed to remember the distance between the target object and the landmark, irrespective of the quadrant in which the target was located. After a brief maintenance period participants re-entered the virtual environment, but the target object was now absent. In the coordinate condition participants were required to navigate back to the remembered distance of the target object from the cylindrical landmark, ignoring the quadrant, whereas in the categorical condition participants were required to navigate back to the remembered sector of the target's location, irrespective their distance from the central landmark. To determine whether distinct neural substrates are responsible for the encoding of categorical and coordinate aspects of spatial environments, encoding-related fMRI activity was compared using a simple subtraction approach. The results revealed a hemispheric as well as structural dissociation for categorical vs. coordinate memory encoding. In line with previous studies in humans, the categorical condition led to predominantly left hemispheric activity, whereas the coordinate condition activated primarily the right hemisphere. Moreover, in line with the relevant rodent literature, categorical encoding led to stronger activity in the parietal cortex, whereas coordinate encoding led to stronger activity in the hippocampus (see Figures 2B–D).
Figure 2. (A) Schematic of the virtual environment used in the experiment by Baumann et al. (2012). The blue and green side of the reference landmark is shown. The target is shown in yellow, with a virtual "beacon" projecting vertically from its apex. Participants were required to actively navigate the arena and to encode either the distance of the target relative to the landmark (coordinate task), or the sector in which the target object was located (categorical task). The two task conditions employed visually identical virtual environments and differed only in the instructions to the participants (i.e., coordinate task: "Remember the distance"; categorical task: "Remember the sector"). (B) Rendered image of left hemisphere showing corresponding fMRI data. (C) Axial view. (D) Sagittal view. There was greater left posterior parietal activity during the encoding of categorical spatial relations, and greater right hippocampal activity during the encoding of coordinate spatial relations.
Hippocampal and Parietal Contributions to Spatial-Relation Coding
The notion that the hippocampus underlies the encoding of coordinate spatial relations is in line with earlier human imaging studies, which showed that the hippocampus is typically active whenever spatial associations have to be formed in a way that allows for absolute metric accuracy during navigation. A recent example is an fMRI study in which we observed a close relationship between hippocampal activity and metric accuracy in a memory-guided navigation task (Baumann et al., 2010). We measured neural responses as participants learned the location of a single target object relative to a small set of landmarks. Following a delay, the target was removed and participants were required to navigate back to its original position. We found that greater activity in the right hippocampus during object-location encoding predicted higher metric accuracy in locating the hidden target object in the retrieval phase. Other human imaging studies have implicated the human hippocampus even more explicitly in the encoding of distance information. Morgan et al. (2011) recorded brain activity using fMRI while university students were shown images of landmarks from a familiar college campus. They found that activity in the hippocampus scaled with the distances between landmarks. More specifically, the hippocampal response to each landmark was dependent on the real-world distance between that landmark and the landmark shown on the preceding trial. This distance-related effect was observed in the absence of any explicit navigational task—participants were simply asked to think about the identity of each landmark—suggesting that this process operates automatically. Further evidence for a hippocampal role in distance coding comes from a recent imaging study by Viard et al. (2011), in which participants were asked to indicate the shortest egocentric distance to a target location from varying locations in a virtual environment. The hippocampus showed a very robust increase in activation with goal proximity, in line with its hypothesized role in encoding coordinate properties of the spatial environment.
While crucial for the encoding of coordinate spatial relations, lesion data in rodents suggest that categorical spatial relations can be encoded in the absence of an intact hippocampus (Goodrich-Hunsaker et al., 2005). Lesions of the parietal lobe, however, have been found to cause severe deficits in rodents during such tasks, suggesting an important role for this structure in the encoding of categorical spatial relations. In humans, the posterior parietal cortex has long been known to play a pivotal role in the short-term maintenance of spatial information (for a meta-analysis, see Wager et al., 2003). However, several lines of evidence also point to a more specific role of this structure in categorical spatial information processing. Early evidence came from clinical reports, which suggested that lesions of the posterior parietal lobe can lead to left-right (Laeng, 1994) or inside-outside confusion for locations in space (Robertson et al., 1997). In a later study, Ciaramelli et al. (2010) reported that patients with lesions in the posterior parietal cortex show deficits in making landmark sequence (i.e., categorical) judgments, but are unimpaired in distance and proximity (i.e., coordinate) judgments. In recent years, a series of neuroimaging studies have provided additional evidence for a role of the human parietal cortex in encoding categorical spatial relations (cf. Jager and Postma, 2003). An interesting example is a study by Amorapanth et al. (2010), which found that having participants direct their attention to categorical spatial relations between objects, as opposed to the identity of objects, resulted in greater activity in superior and inferior parietal cortices. Finally, while most of the human findings have been based on static two-dimensional stimulus arrays, we recently demonstrated that the posterior parietal cortex is also engaged when categorical relations have to be encoded within dynamic, three-dimensional environments (Baumann et al., 2012).
Reference Frame Processing Vs. Spatial Relation Coding
As mentioned above, another hypothesized dichotomy in spatial memory is the distinction between egocentric and allocentric representations of object locations. Previous studies have indicated that allocentric representations are underpinned by the hippocampus, whereas egocentric representations rely on the parietal cortex (cf. Burgess, 2006). This raises the important question of how these findings might best be integrated with the observed role of the same brain structures in coordinate and categorical spatial relation coding. Jager and Postma (2003) proposed two opposing hypotheses concerning this question. The interaction hypothesis states that allocentric processing is associated with categorical coding of spatial relations, whereas egocentric processing is closely linked to coordinate coding. The logic behind this hypothesis is that allocentric representations provide an observer with a sense of "space constancy", defined as the awareness of relative, categorical locations of objects, which underlies an observer's ability to recognize scenes. Coordinate representations, on the other hand, are used for action-oriented, body-centered tasks. The interaction hypothesis therefore predicts that categorical spatial processing should be more efficient within an allocentric reference frame, whereas coordinate processing should benefit from an egocentric reference frame. In contrast, the independence hypothesis states that reference frame processing and spatial relation coding form independent dimensions, which can be fully combined without showing selective facilitation.
Ruotolo et al. (2011) tested the interaction and independence hypotheses in a behavioral experiment. Participants were asked to judge the position of two vertical bars placed above and below a horizontal bar, in relation either to their body midline (egocentric reference frame) or to the center of the horizontal bar (allocentric reference frame). Moreover, they had to make distance (coordinate) judgments or relative categorical judgments. Participants were more accurate in judging categorical than coordinate relations, and especially so in the allocentric condition. This study supports the interaction hypothesis, suggesting that reference frame processing and spatial relation coding are not completely independent cognitive mechanisms. It is important to note, however, that the effects observed in the study of Ruotolo et al. (2011) could be task-dependent. Previous studies have shown that static, two-dimensional perceptual tasks might favor allocentric and categorical representations, whereas egocentric and coordinate information could be more relevant in three-dimensional, action-oriented tasks (cf. Schenk and McIntosh, 2010).
To answer the question whether and how reference frame processing and spatial relation coding interact, it will be necessary to determine the neural correlates of these cognitive processes in one common experiment. Only by carefully controlling both allocentric/egocentric and categorical/coordinate aspects of spatial navigation tasks will it be possible to accurately discern their relative contributions to parietal and hippocampal activation patterns. Based on current evidence, we hypothesize that spatial relation coding and reference frame processing are independent cognitive mechanisms that engage different subregions of the hippocampus and posterior parietal cortex. An allocentric-coordinate task should therefore be entirely hippocampal dependent, whereas an egocentric-categorical task would be solely dependent on the parietal cortex. On the other hand, allocentric-categorical and egocentric-coordinate navigation tasks should rely on both the hippocampus and the parietal cortex. Future experiments will be necessary to test these predictions and to provide a more mechanistic understanding of the roles hippocampal and parietal structures play in spatial relation coding and reference frame processing.
There is considerable evidence for dissociable roles of the hippocampus and parietal cortex in encoding of coordinate and categorical spatial information in three-dimensional environments. Crucially, recent findings suggest that the neural networks that subserve categorical and coordinate encoding are different from those commonly reported in studies involving static, two-dimensional stimulus arrays. Given the growing body of literature suggesting a diversity of functions of hippocampal and parietal subregions (e.g., Howard et al., 2013; Poppenk et al., 2013) it will be necessary to characterize more precisely the neural foundations of categorical and coordinate encoding of spatial environments. The nature of the representations underlying human spatial cognition is still the subject of intense debate (Burgess, 2006). We believe the notion of distinct categorical and coordinate representations of spatial environments constitutes an important additional factor to be considered in building a comprehensive model of human and animal spatial navigation, and that it could have important applications beyond the laboratory. It should be possible, for example, to develop more refined behavioral tests in patients with topographical disorientation, by incorporating measures of categorical and coordinate spatial performance (Aguirre and D'Esposito, 1999).
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Oliver Baumann was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DE120100535). Jason B. Mattingley was supported by an Australian Research Council Australian Laureate Fellowship (FL110100103). The authors would also like to thank David Lloyd for creating Figure 1.
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Keywords: categorical, coordinate, spatial, memory, navigation, fMRI, hippocampus, parietal
Citation: Baumann O and Mattingley JB (2014) Dissociable roles of the hippocampus and parietal cortex in processing of coordinate and categorical spatial information. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 8:73. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00073
Received: 27 November 2013; Accepted: 29 January 2014;
Published online: 17 February 2014.
Edited by:R. Shayna Rosenbaum, York University, Canada
Reviewed by:Elisa Ciaramelli, Università di Bologna, Italy
Michael R. Hunsaker, MIND Institute, USA
Copyright © 2014 Baumann and Mattingley. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Oliver Baumann, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Palmerston to Mt Zion, May 11th. **Online entries by May 9th for handicapping.
One of the premiere handicap races on the Cycling Otago calendar and the last hit out before the winter season. Get over the Karitane bergs and then see what you've got on the famous Mt Cargill col! Approx. 47km.
Report at 11.15am for race briefing at 11.45 and race start at 12.00pm
Start: Palmerston Rest Area, Tiverton St.
Junior race – Waitati to Mt Cargill, meet at the Fire Station for a 1.00pm start.
Course: Check full details on strava https://www.strava.com/routes/333661
* Please read the Race briefing in advance – this will be updated on the day with any new hazards.
* Bring your NUMBER if you have one.
* We will take on the day entries, but please arrive in plenty of time to sign in and be added to the handicap.
* PRIZE GIVING will be at the Normanby Tavern following the race, timing expected to be between 2.00-2.30pm.
Entry fee: $15 licenced club members (any club), $20 non licenced riders.
Online payment:
- Cycling Otago Inc. ANZ 01-0906-0005289-00
- Include Name and Ref#Woods
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On August 24, 2012, Shepherd, Finkelman, Miller & Shah, LLP and its co-counsel filed a Class Action Complaint ("Complaint") in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on behalf of their client, Fraternal Order of Police Miami Lodge 20, Insurance Trust Fund and members of the proposed Class, against AstraZeneca LP, Aktiebolaget Hassle, AstraZeneca AB, Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ranbaxy Inc., Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Teva USA, Inc., Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., and Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Inc., alleging violations under Section 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. Sec. 1 and 2. Specifically, the Complaint alleges that AstraZeneca agreed to pay the Generic Defendants to defer entering the market until May 27, 2014 and to drop their challenges to the Nexium patents.
The Complaint seeks to represent a Class consisting of all consumers and third-party payors in the U.S. and Puerto Rico who purchased or paid for branded and/or generic Nexium products, other than for resale, since April 14, 2008.


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Gift Cards
A kayak adventure is the gift they will remeber forever! Suprise your friends and family with a kayak or SUP tour. NAVI gift certificates can be given in any dollar amount, used towards anything we offer, and never expire!
You can purchase your gift certificate by phone at 514-800-0481.


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About Georgia
As a PCI ® Certified Parent Coach and professional educator, Georgia DeClark has over 30 years of experience working with children and supporting their parents through the challenges and joys of their lives. As a mother of three grown children, she also has a deep understanding of the demands, struggles and rewards that come from day-to-day parenting and how those challenges evolve over time as our children grow and move toward becoming their true selves.
Georgia began her career as a first grade teacher after earning a B.S. degree in Early Childhood Education from Western Illinois University, graduating with dual teaching certificates in elementary and early childhood education. She also has a M.S. degree in Educational Leadership from the University of Illinois-Chicago. After conducting two years of research in her first grade classroom, Georgia co-authored an internationally recognized book on the construction of children's mathematical knowledge. After teaching in the suburban public school system and a brief hiatus to raise her young children, she went on to teach four year-olds and kindergarten children in a private preschool where you can still find her most days with glue on her hands and a smile on her face.
After years of conducting parenting classes and facilitating workshops, Georgia's passion for partnering with parents led her to obtain her PCI Parent Coach Certification ® from the Parent Coaching Institute in affiliation with Seattle Pacific University. This program is the only graduate level training program in the United States that offers certification in parent coaching, as well as the only program associated with an accredited university.
Georgia has given numerous presentations and workshops on a wide of variety of parenting and early childhood topics. She has presented her research at a NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children) conference and has served as adjunct facility at the Erikson Institute.
Having raised her three children, Georgia lives in the suburbs of Chicago.
"Parenting is the most important job we will ever do, and the one for which we are the least trained."
- Georgia


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Nothing like a change of your blog's style to make you feel better. And it can be such a quick and relatively pain-free exercise you wonder why you didn't do it sooner.
One of the best things about using a blog as your primary means of online business communication is the ease with which you can change the style, the look and feel. It wasn't so long ago – in those 90's "Wild West" Internet days – that to change the layout, the style of a website you had these choices:
- re-hire the person who designed your site, whose costs would sometimes and rather curiously prove to be much higher than the first time around
- hire someone new, who would tell you they couldn't possibly tweak the site you had paid thousands for, implying you were ripped off by their competitor anyway, but for a few or more thousand new outlay they could give you a humdinger site that would serve you well for, oh, another year or so easily
- do it yourself, which if you were not a techie meant a big learning curve and probably a site that said "designed by owner".
How the world has changed.
It's not that there isn't a place for web designers. There is. And for sites requiring more complex interactions I'm all for engaging a designer, as long as she or her firm have expertise in installing an efficientl engine, not just a pleasant looking design. But for many of us in small business, a level of interactivity and content management such as comes with industry standard blogging platforms is often all that is needed. And for the more tech-savvy among us there are products like Drupal which can do handstands and whistle at the same time (not me btw – after a few days of trying to get a Drupal site installed and working for me, I decided that was a "bridge too far" for me).
With a WordPress site of mine, the Business Blogging Show blog, I was able a couple of days ago to quickly change the whole layout, installing in a matter of minutes a different "theme", to use the WordPress terminology. Getting the functioning right was a bit trickier, but the guy who developed the theme, Chris Pearson, explained – and re-explained – to me and other users how to fix the particular problem. And all this as his contribution to the WordPress community. Amazing!
Then yesterday, walking on the beach and thinking about this Thinking Home Business blog, I decided it was time for a change here too. After all, the basic template and configuration hadn't changed much, probably since late 2004 – a very long time in blogging years.
So last night, in about twenty minutes, I had changed the look and layout completely. Actually, the basic change took a nanosecond, or maybe a whole second, or two. Pretty quick anyway. And the cost? Just my time, all twenty minutes of it.
The design is from John Keegan, the man behind BlogHarbor and renowned among BlogHarbor customers as Mr Never Too Much Trouble Support Guy.
There's less "stuff" on the site, which I suspect is a Good Thing, and I have some reorganising to do, but I do like the look and I hope readers do too. Comments welcome.
Latest posts by Des Walsh (see all)
- Work from Home to Navigate Your Future - April 2, 2020
- "Dress" or "Undress" for Success as a Home Based Entrepreneur? - February 8, 2020
- My Break from Blogging - September 17, 2019


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Large Hadron Collider fires up again after 27 months of upgrades
The Large Hadron Collider is due to start producing data again today, after more than two years of maintenance, repair and recommissioning.
The LHC has been offline for 27 months while scientists at CERN in Switzerland upgraded it. It will now be taking measurements at unprecedented energy levels - 13 tera-electronvolts (TeV), almost doubling in power from its first three-year run.
Scientists now hope that the beefed up atom smasher will open the way to new frontiers in physics - but they're already having to wait, after a software fault forced them to cancel the first beams of the day.
Professor David Charlton, a team leader at CERN, has said: "We're heading for unexplored territory. It's going to be a new era for science."
As well as searching for dark matter, scientists hope to discover more and possibly different strains of Higgs boson, investigate anti-matter, and test the theory of "supersymmetry", which predicts that every known particle has a more massive hidden partner.
Two beams of particles sent flying in opposite directions through 16.7 miles of circular tunnels beneath the Swiss-French border, just three metres per second below the speed of light. The energy they they release when they collide is then used to create new and hopefully unknown particles.
The LHC team astounded the world with the discovery of the Higgs Boson, the elementary particle that gives other particles mass, which had eluded detection for nearly 50 years.


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Falklands referendum: A red rag to the Buenos Aires bull
Bill Neely
Former International Editor
Rarely have so few votes made so many international headlines.
The 1,649 people eligible to vote in the Falklands are making their mark in a referendum that's being watched at the United Nations and from Europe to South America.
The question they're being asked is simple; "Do you wish the Falkland Islands to retain their current status as an overseas territory of the United Kingdom? Yes or No."
The result may be a foregone conclusion but the Island's Government - and Britain- hopes it will send a signal.
Jan Cheek, a Falkland Islands Assembly member says:
I'd be very surprised if it's a unanimous yes, only dictatorships get 100% polls. I'm hoping that democratic countries around the world will see it as our democratic wish and recognise that.
Gavin Short, another Assembly member, says:
If it's a large yes vote, then we will be taking those results to the international community and saying, look, if you believe in human rights, if you believe in self-determination, if you believe in the United Nations Charter, this is what our people have said. Please, please respect it.
There wouldn't be a referendum but for pressure from Argentina which says these people aren't really a "people" at all and that there's no such thing as "Falkland Islanders", just British people colonising their islands, the Malvinas.
Argentina is trying to persuade the world that Britain's sovereignty here is illegal and that the islands should be under their control.
In Argentina's capital they're trying to ignore the referendum, as they do the islanders, but they're finding it hard.
"It's a meaningless publicity stunt", says the Government; "a silly game" and "a violation of international law".
But they're frustrated too because, by tomorrow, when the result is announced, Britain will be able to say to the world "the people of the Falklands don't want to be Argentine and here's the proof".
Argentina wants talks but not with the Falklanders there. This referendum is a red rag to the Buenos Aires bull.
Mario Volpe, a veteran of the war, says "the referendum is just the last throw of the Empire. Britain's colonialism has no place in the 21st century."
31 years after the Argentine invasion there's still tension in the Falklands about the future.
Britain's relations with Argentina are at their worst since the war.
By having their say and making their mark the islanders hope the world will respect their choice and that Argentina's campaign will suffer and die.


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Did he have every right to behave like that or is he becoming arrogant?
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Newly engaged daughter, Vicki, (see how smoothly I slipped that exciting news in?) visited us overnight, as she's up this way for her work. It was especially lovely as she woke up here on her birthday morning, yet she'll be home in Brisbane with Matt tonight.
But now I have a book to write by the end of July!!!
Head down, fingers on keyboard...ready, set, go!


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Fan of ZOMBIES ? PINBALL games ? You will love ZOMBIE PINBALL ! With its super addictive gameplay, a crazy atmosphere, 7 different tables, 20 spectacular game modes and hundreds of challenges ! Frankenstein and his buddies, zombies, werewolves, undead rockers, burning or dripping skeletons will make you sweat. In Zombie Pinball, you will have great fun by smashing zombies !
We will only notify you about the most important info & release updates
Notify me when Zombie Pinball is available.Already a member ? Login Here
Release DatesReport Date / Submit Product
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Zombie Pinball was released on Xbox One 865d ago in the US and the UK.
June 21, 2016Confirmed
Xbox One
May 9, 2018Confirmed
June 21, 2016Confirmed
Xbox One
May 9, 2018Confirmed
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The EV2000 Transit Chair is a lightweight transit wheelchair that easily transports patients who may not be able to go up and down the stairs. Whether you need a high-quality stair chair for emergency evacuation situations or for daily use, we've got you covered with the perfect solution. Designed for easy storage, this Safety Chair emergency transit chair model folds neatly in half and can be stored in the smallest of areas.
Download the datasheet here
- Weight carrying capacity up to 250kg (550lbs)
- Easy to open, ready to operate in seconds
- Simple to operate
- Single person operation up to 200kg (441lbs)
- Lightweight construction
- Provides a rapid solution for safe emergency evacuation
- Minimal moving and handling required
- Allows small operators to transport passengers larger than their size
- Foldable for easy storage
- Fire retardant material
- Wall mountable
- Low maintenance


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SeptemberFest challenges the community in a
Homerun Derby.
It will be on Friday night, September 18th at 6:00pm under the lights at the Wiffle Ball Field.
Here's the deal:
- 2 minutes to hit as many home runs as you can.
- Batter chooses the pitcher.
- The entry fee for kids is $20 donation, for adults it's a $250 donation.
2019 Homerun Derby Results:
- Prek-3rd: Ryan M. and Caroline H.
- 4th & 5th: Luke D. and Lynn A.
- Middle School Boys: Henry S.
- Middle School Girls: Laney K.
- Men: Eric Loichle
- Women: Ellie Christman


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The second installment of this series features Kiiyan and Shimono Hiro in Yamaguchi. The teaser says they visit an amusement park, put on kimono and walk around a castle and more. It also promises a lot of interesting talk between two very good friends.
As Animate channel is closing down, this show will go straight to DVD, although there's no release date yet.
Those who preorder and pay by 3/18/2018 @ 23:59 will get a bromide featuring the two, while supplies last.
Title: 谷山紀章のお気楽さんぽ。 in 山口
Format: DVD
Release Date: TBD
Price: 7344 yen (tax included)
Bonus: 2 shot bromide


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The inaugural Hilton parkrun at Grace College on Saturday, 29 September 2018 welcomed a crowd of 953 participants. A parkrun is a free, weekly, timed, 5km run or walk. The course is suitable for prams and dogs on short leashes may join in. Thanks to the awesome group of parkrun volunteers, the event ran smoothly and feedback on the route was positive. Both winners were first time parkrun entrants; Kelly Martin was the first lady home in a time of 22:07 minutes and the first gentleman in was Sabelo Zwane in a time of 18:35 minutes. We look forward to many more active and social Saturday mornings at Grace College. Pictured L-R: Robin Archer (parkrun SA), Vincent Luksich (Headmaster at Grace College), Carrie Luksich, Gill Fordyce (COO parkrun SA) and William Van Loggerenberg (Hilton parkrun Event Director).
Grace College will be hosting its annual Talent Show Online this year. Details will be made available Soon.


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It is amazing to note that, globally, small businesses make up an average of 60 to 70 per cent of total employment. Essentially, small businesses are the little engine that could, especially when you consider our predominantly digital economy. Being so immersed in digital definitely creates challenges for any business, but especially small businesses that are forced to adapt quicker than their larger counterparts.
So, how do small businesses in the Windsor community face these changes and challenges?
One such business that brings a fresh approach to the digital world is Pareto Business Solutions located in the Walkerville area. Pareto exists to serve as they introduce their clients to Cloud Services – guiding businesses away from their contemporary on-premise server infrastructure and towards virtualized and cloud-based services.
Seems tricky, doesn't it? For us less tech-savvy folks, Pareto will happily explain things on a human level, not a tech-master-of-the-internet level. Phew!
As for their new location in the heart of the Walkerville area, it may come across as an odd location for an IT business, but being a small business themselves, the size of the Walkerville community (and the greater Windsor community) provides a unique opportunity to connect and provide quality service while maintaining a human connection.
No need to be stuck on hold for what seems like forever with these guys – walk right in!


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Uptown Cart
• 21.75d x 44w x 32h
• Walnut Veneer
• Chrome handle - no options
• On Casters
• Top Shelf ONLY: Glass or Wood
Innovative, inspired, and inventive—the Uptown serving cart is designed for today's urban living. This dynamic addition to our popular Uptown collection can be used as a serving cart in a dining environment, or as a mini bar cart for entertaining. This thoughtful design provides highly functional multilevel storage and surfaces to meet all your needs. The Uptown serving cart features a wraparound chrome railing, two walnut veneered shelves, wine glass hangers, and a bottle holder. The special carpet casters make repositioning easy and smooth. The Uptown serving cart is available in any Elite powder-coat finish, with walnut veneer shelves offered in a variety of finishes.
Sign Up For Exclusive Offers & Previews
Join our community of exclusive subscriber only offers, the latest trends and curated selections of furniture to help style your home.


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DislikedHi guys, I've been looking to switch brokers and FXCM is one of the choices I have in mind, what's the general consensus on them so far? Just a quick question, what kind of trading volume should I be looking at to qualify as an 'Active Trader'? Currently I make anywhere between 15 to 25 trades per day (am an intra-day scalper), with position sizes of 1, not more than 2 lots per trade. Does FXCM have any particular stance on scalping (minimum position hold length, stop loss position distance and etc) that I should be made aware of? Thanks in advance,...Ignored
to qualify for active trader you would need a minimum account equity of 25,000 and monthly notional volume of 50 million. Just one caveat, I notice your profile lists that you are trading from Singapore. We are unable to open an account from residents of Singapore since we are not regulated in Singapore. If you reside outside of Singapore and would like more information, feel free to send me a private message and I can have a member of our active trader team contact you.
A benefit of our enhanced execution is that there is no restriction on scalping. You can open and close trades as quickly as you want.


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Chattanooga River Cruise Departures
River Cruises that depart from North America: United States: Tennessee: Chattanooga
River Cruises that visit Chattanooga
Tennessee River Cruises
Click on a river cruise ship itinerary sailing from Chattanooga (below) and select a sail date to receive competing cruise quotes. To search all river cruise itineraries (not just Chattanooga), please visit: Cruise Search or try our Virtual Cruise Advisor™.
Chattanooga River Cruise Departures


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SME's Senior Project Manager Tiffany Vorhies, NACE CIP-2 and Senior Staff Specialist Chris Buyle, SMSI, NACE CIP-2 will attend the 57th Annual Purdue Underground Corrosion Short Course at Purdue University. They will be exhibiting at the Vendor Show on Tuesday, February 27 and will be presenting on Wednesday, February 28.
Tiffany will present on "Coating Inspection Techniques" - the basics of coating inspection, starting with an overview of what to look for in the specifications and reviews that need to happen prior to coating operations. Her presentation will touch on inspection requirements during application, tips on what to watch for, and required documentation. There will be an overview of testing after cure, and Tiffany will share photos and lessons learned on projects.
There will be a hands-on portion that Tiffany and Chris will participate in where attendees will rotate through various stations to learn about adhesion testing, thickness measurements and holiday testing.
Click here to learn more. We hope to see you there!


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Pineapple Teriyaki Shrimp Skewers are an easy way to make a sweet and savory dish that will send your taste buds on a journey to a tropical island.
We're shaking it up this spring with fun, fruity flavors using the rich, creamy Caffe D'Vita to make a time honored classic –Milkshake! The below recipes add fresh fruit to turn this iconic, creamy dessert beverage into a refreshing, enjoyable… Continue Reading →
© 2020 LollicupStore Blog – Restaurant and Beverage So — Powered by WordPress
Theme by Anders Noren — Up ↑


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There are numerous resources you can use to find information and advice on how to properly grow a garden. You could spend hours on end searching through all of the books, websites, and magazines that are devoted to this topic. You will find that these tips are all you need to start! Read these tips, and pay close attention.
So you don't shock the plants, you should gradually get them use to a change in the temperature and conditions. Put the plants outside in the sun for one to two hours in the beginning. After a week, leave your plants outside for twice as long. After one week, the plants should be fully acclimated and ready to move outside.
It can be very hard to shovel clay soil, especially when it sticks to your shovel as you are working. One way to get around this problem is to coat the shovel with wax. Use a clean cloth to spread the wax evenly. You will be able to work with the clay more easily, and it will not stick to your shovel.
Analyze the soil before you even get started with working in a garden. You can do a soil sample analysis for an affordable fee and then know what you need to properly treat your soil with so you can grow the best plants. Many offices of Cooperative Extension will do a soil analysis, and it is important to know how to improve soil so that all crops can grow in it.
To grow properly, plants need adequate levels of CO2. If the level of CO2 is extremely high, your plants will grow much better. Getting a greenhouse is the best way to get a higher amount. CO2 levels are best kept high, in order to provide optimal growing conditions for your plants.
Be diligent in your efforts to banishing weeds! Weeds will cause your garden to become overgrown and cluttered. White vinegar has been known to kill weeds quickly. Yes, white vinegar actually kills weeds! Load up your spray bottle with some white vinegar, and spray the weeds away instead of breaking your back removing them by hand.
During fall, you should plant cold weather vegetables. If you'd like to change things up a bit this season, put away your standard clay pots and plant your lettuce and kale inside of a pumpkin instead! Cut an opening in the top of your pumpkin, scoop out the inside, and spray the entire thing with Wilt-Proof. This will prevent rotting. After that, your pumpkin planter is ready to use!
When you decide to add vegetables into your garden space, be aware that they must be placed where they will receive direct sunlight for a minimum of six hours daily. Many types of veggies require this amount in order to thrive and produce the food source that you are hoping for. Some flowers also need six hours of daily direct sun in order to grow and blossom well.
Gardening is a very relaxing and rewarding hobby. The better your skills the better your garden! Increase your knowledge year after year in order to become a great gardener. Try using these tips so you can get a better gardening experience!


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Source: http://www.beeculture.com/take-club-next-level/
By: Tina Sebestyen
February, it seems like spring will never arrive.
In an effort to escape darkest Winter, we bring out our seed catalogs, and make plans for our bees. Winter is the perfect time to start a bee club, and most established bee clubs begin meetings after a short break for Thanksgiving and Christmas. But, wha…
To be up to date with the latest in the apiculture industry to may visit our apiculture latest news. On the other hand in case you're starting beekeeping and desire to start professional beekeeping now download a copy of our beekeeping for beginners ebook.
Beekeeping can be a full-time profession or a hobby that is simple. However, more often than not, what started as a hobby would turn into a profession. But you cannot just decide and tell yourself you will start to do beekeeping. You need to have adequate knowledge and understanding on the field that you're going to enter before starting on any hobby or profession. Then it is about time to indulge yourself, if you've been putting off your curiosity about beekeeping for a long time. Bee farming may seem simple; learning the fundamental beekeeping lessons can allow you to get off to a great start.
What does a beekeeper must know?
On beekeeping to start at the right foot first, you should have interest that is full. You have to spend time taking care of your colonies of bees. You should have also agreed to share your house space. There are possible dangers in beekeeping that can harm you but your family also. Your focus is not only to make money by selling honey; a good beekeeper should have a keen interest and fire in rearing bees.
An apiarist ought to know the right place for the beehives. The area must have sufficient sources of nectar for the bees to get. You need certainly to make sure that beekeeping is allowed in your area, if you decide to place your beehives at your backyard. There are several places restricted to beekeeping; you need to get permission about this.
Beekeepers must know whether beekeeping supplies can be found in the place where the beehives are situated. You may never understand when you have to attend a neighborhood beekeeping shop; it's best that a nearby beekeeping shop is reachable.
Equipment and protective supplies can also be very important to beekeepers to understand. Know the right kind of suit to select to keep you from any possible risk in beekeeping.
All the efforts that are beekeeping would be ineffective if you're incapable to harvest honey. A beekeeper should know the approaches in collecting the honey from the comb; beeswax is also part of the yields in beekeeping.


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Elevate Ignite™ is the only lead generation solution you need to build and scale your real estate business.
The Elevate Ignite™ lead generation and marketing solution generates high-quality, qualified PPC leads for you that are sent directly into a next-gen CRM solution with automated marketing to incubate your leads and helps you Create Clients for Life.
Gain full insight and tools to sell faster and create clients for life!
Our Advanced Lead Generation solution includes Smart Path technology that ensures you receive high quality leads.
Get notified when your leads have a sharp increase in search activity.
Explore pure productivity with an Elevate Success Coach todaySchedule a Demo
Call, text, or email your leads and contacts directly from the CRM. We track call times, missed calls, text conversations, individual emails, and lead responses to automated listing reports sent on your behalf so that you have access to ALL lead and client communications and information at all times.
All emails triggered by lead activity provide convenient quicklinks allowing you to get back into the action right away from any mobile device. No need to wait by your computer!
Need to review an account before a call? No problem! Look at the timeline for any of your leads / contacts to get all of the information you need in one place.
Send robust, automated MLS listing reports to each of your leads as soon as you connect a saved listing search to their account.
Switching CRMs can be a real pain since you often need to invest a lot of time and money into getting one set up. We have solved this issue by making the export / import process simple and focusing heavily on integrations to make the transition to Elevate fast and painless:
We also offer lead scrubbing to help you find the most active leads, quick!
Keep up with everything happening around you with in-app notifications. We help you find the most relevant activity and recommend when to act on it!


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Jeans – A must have, for any maternity wardrobe.
Jeans cross between the seasons perfectly, so you know for sure, you'll wear them through out your pregnancy… and after !
Our Maternity jeans pants are manufactured in a Lycra blend denim, therefore they are comfortable and flattering.
Maternity denims are the go to for almost everyone on most days. When you're pregnant they are an absolute must. They are the perfect item to pair with almost any top. You'll wear them casually or dress them up, therefore a can't live without.
"Skinny or bootleg, Find your favorite style of denims with a feel fabulous fit, we've got the perfect jeans to suit you."
"I absolutely love my jeans I just need another pair now!" – Nanda H. Melkbos WC
Find the perfect tops to pair with your on trend denim pants here