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START-UP NY [1] (SUNY Tax-free Areas to Revitalize Upstate NY) is an initiative from Governor Andrew M. Cuomo that provides major incentives for businesses to start, relocate, or significantly expand in New York State through affiliations with, and sponsorships by, educational institutions within the SUNY system, such as Jamestown Community College.
START-UP NY SUNY Progress Report » [2]
If successful, businesses can obtain tax-free credits (abatements) for up to 10 years, resulting in the following:
Through START-UP NY, JCC strives to improve the economy of the Southern Tier Region of western New York State by facilitating the development of economic opportunities in industrial and commercial business districts. Our ultimate goal is to create a stable, healthy, and diversified economy and employment base.
Qualifying businesses include:
Businesses that do not qualify include:
Businesses must show economic development benefits to the Southern Tier Region in such areas as:
In addition, businesses accepted in to the START-UP NY program must be committed to aligning to JCC's academic mission in such areas as:
If you have any questions about JCC's role in the START-UP NY initiative, contact Holger Ekanger [3], vice president of Workforce Readiness.
For more information, check out START-UP NY on the state page. [1] [4]
[1] https://esd.ny.gov/startup-ny-program
[2] http://www.suny.edu/media/suny/content-assets/documents/research/2016-SUNY-STARTUPNY-Progress-Rpt.pdf
[3] https://www.sunyjcc.edu/facultystaff/holger-ekanger
[4] http://startup.ny.gov/business-resources-and-information
[5] http://www.sunyjcc.edu/print/5121


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Evaluation of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology by the Bethesda reporting system: a retrospecti
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a gold standard for preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules. Recently introduced, the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has attem... View →
Comparison of α-smooth muscle actin expression between squamous cell carcinoma and pseudoepithelioma
To evaluate the usefulness of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression of reactive myofibroblastic cells within desmoplastic reaction tissue for distinction between invasive squamous cell carcinoma (... View →
Comparison of α-SMA expression between squamous cell carcinoma and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
The differentiation between invasive squamous cell carcinoma and reactive benign squamous proliferation has caused difficulties in general routine practice of pathology. Among several pathologic chang... View →

subset: commoncrawl


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XRP, ADA And XLM New Listing in OKCoin
New exchange listings are always good news. By opening out to new exchanges, cryptocurrencies are opened up to new customers, therefore, it is often met with excitement when new tokens are listed on established exchanges. Moreover and possibly even more importantly, exchanges also benefit from these new listings, bringing new customers onto their platform and of course, an increase in trading volume, which means money for them and of course, money for everyone else in the cryptoworld.
OKCoin have recently announced the listing of 5 major cryptocurrencies, Ripple's XRP, Cardano's ADA, Stellar's XLM, ZCash Zec and 0x. The US based exchange will allow crypto to crypto exchanges made between these tokens and their other listings across the country, but are also allowing special access to FIAT pairings for XRP, ADA, XLM, ZEC and ZRX for residents in the state of California.
According to AMBCrypto, Tim Bynn, the CEO of OKCoin has commented on the exchanges latest announcement:
"We are very pleased to welcome these five new cryptocurrencies and all of the communities that trade them. As we build out the broadest set of financial products on a globally regulated exchange, we are committed to expanding the trading pairs for our customers, while bringing tokens to the exchange that offer utility, value and demonstrable use cases. Today's announcement signifies a giant step forward for the entire ecosystem."
This comes as OKCoin continue to grow their operations across the United States, though as we know, the US is starting to take a hard approach on cryptocurrency exchanges. OKCoin probably could have timed their expansion better, but at least, this way they are going to be able to keep on top of regulations, whilst operating on a relatively small level in comparison to rival exchanges such as Coinbase and Gemini. Furthermore, according to AMBCrypto:
"The company has been working closely with the regulators and following researched regulations in every state it has expanded to, to ensure that they comply with Federal and State Convertible VC rules. In addition, the company is currently in the process of applying for a new license named Money Transmittal Licenses [MTL] in the remaining states of U.S. The licensing will allow crypto-to-crypto and fiat-crypto trading."
As a result, the new listings will be soon available against FIAT pairings too, opening up a whole new customer based to a range of exciting new cryptocurrencies and investment opportunities. By keeping in with the regulators now and by outlining a very promising expansion, OKCoin is fast becoming one of the most exciting exchanges in the United States. Once the US is conquered we expect that the rest of the world will come next.


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UCLG, in partnership with FLACMA, CAMCAYCA, Costa Rica's local government association "Union de Gobiernos Locales (UNGL)", UN-Habitat and UNDRR, are organizing a 3-day peer learning in San Jose (Costa Rica) on Urban Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction. The learning event will take place from 14/01/2020 – 16/01/2020 and is particularly targeted at local government associations as they play a multiplier role in the localization of the Sendai Framework. The peer learning event is a Spanish speaking event and even though it is open to the whole network, strong participation from primarily the Central American- and the Caribbean Region is expected.
A learning module for Local Government Associations
Local government associations play a critical role in resilience and disaster risk reduction (DRR) and can be a catalyzer for the localization of the Sendai Framework. UCLG is developing a learning module for local governments and their associations to enhance the exchange of experiences and practices regarding resilience and DRR. Furthermore, the module will stress the role of the local and regional level in the localization of the Sendai Framework. The peer learning in San Jose (Costa Rica) will be an important step to learn more about the challenges of Latin American cities and local government associations regarding resilience and DRR and the lessons learned will nurture the creation of the Learning Module.
If you are interested in connecting to this activity or to the development and use of the module, please get in contact with: email@example.com


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Culture Trip stands with
Black Lives Matter
For a seamless golfing expedition, it's definitely worth downloading the official St Andrews Links app before arrival, with its top tips and must-know information. Requesting a caddie is a brilliant way to soak up the true spirit of the course, as they know the fairways and bunkers like the backs of their hands. When it comes to the pre-game rituals, make sure to warm up at the Golf Academy. After that, soak up the fresh Scottish air, magical scenery and golf away!
From the iconic Old Course to the New, we round-up the best St Andrews Links courses, each as swoon-worthy as the next.
The star of the St Andrews golfing show, the Old Course is hands down the most iconic course out there. It's also one of the oldest, as golf games have graced the Links since the 15th century. Verging on incomparable, the allure of this legendary course is unrivalled thanks to elements like its network of bunkers. Most notably Hell Bunker and Road Bunker, the iconic golfing relic the 700-year-old Swilcan Bridge, the Valley of Sin, and the notorious Road Hole, without doubt one of the most famous holes. A pocket of possibilities and golfing history, Old Course is open to one and all.
One of the many masterpieces designed by golfing great Tom Morris, the New Course is pinned as 'the oldest 'new' course in the world', thanks to its emergence in 1895. Graced with trying greens and rolling fairways — and the same picture-perfect views of the town's historic buildings as its Old Course sibling — New Course is a stone's throw from West Sands Beach. A favourite amongst locals, some of whom even admit that it's a tad trickier and (dare we say it) a touch better than the Old, New Course presents a fine example of Links golf.
Golfers up for a challenge are in for a treat with this one, the Home of Golf's third championship course built in 1897. Those from far and near can't deny its tough twists and turns but that's all part of the thrill. The 15th hole is one you won't ever forget. Although initially pinned as a course for amateurs and ladies, the year 1988 saw the Jubilee Course transformed into to a championship layout.
Perfect for thrill seekers, Eden Course boasts bunches of personality and a wonderfully zesty essence as far as golf courses go. Built in 1914 by golf course architect Harry S. Colt, this memorable course is praised for its intense bunkers and natural boundaries.
Strathtyrum, with its vast sloped greens, putting potential and strategically placed bunkers, is thought of as a precursor of sorts to the other Home of Golf champion contenders. Unveiled in 1993, this one makes a great introduction to St Andrews.
A true testament to St Andrews' unrivalled status as the world's epicentre of all things golf, Balgove Course has nine holes and caters to everyone. From total beginners unaccustomed to the golfing ways, and families out for a jolly, to children and anyone else in between. With its array of bunkers and a double green, Balgove is the spot to hone in on those Links golf skills for both seasoned golfers and newcomers to the scene.
Teetering atop a breathtaking rocky crag, The Castle Course joined the St Andrews Links family in 2008. Its youthful status certainly doesn't detract from its striking views, which are quite simply out of this world, albeit a tad vertigo-inducing! Seaside holes make for a riveting modern Links experience, with parts possessing similarities to Kingsbarns and Castle Stuart.
After experiencing the magic of all St Andrews Links courses, here are some of the other courses worth considering.
This heathland championship course is a playground for golfers with a discerning eye and natural knack for the game. The Duke's at the Old Course Hotel has the right amount of variety to entertain all skill levels, while the views are incomparable.
Voted by Golf Digest and many other respectable golf-related entities as one of 'The World's Best Golf Hotels', there's no denying that the Fairmont is one of the top luxury golf resorts out there. And it's not just a pretty face, with both courses — the Kittocks Course and the Torrance Course — hitting every spot.


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Todd's Technology Inc. is proud to announce we are now partnered with Enveloc. Enveloc provides the safest, easiest, and most cost-effective data back up on the market today. Click on the logo below or come on in and ask our sales associates for more details.
TTI Brochure
Check out our brochure! Click the link above to find out what else we offer.
Also, be sure to "like" us on Facebook!
Our knowledgeable, friendly staff is on hand to assist with all your cellular and computer needs. Let our professional sales staff assist you with your cellular needs. We offer the latest Verizon handsets as well as cellular accessories for all wireless companies. Stop by and view our large inventory of cases, holsters, skins, and chargers for all cellular companies. We also accept payments for many cellular companies.
Our qualified computer technicians can help with your computer needs, no matter how big or small. Todd's Technology offers on site or in store service at reasonable rates. We provide services in networking, software installation, virus removal, upgrades and parts replacements.
Need a new computer? We will custom build you a desktop computer to fit your needs. You can also choose from our various models of laptops including brands such as Acer, Toshiba, or HP. We also handle all makes and models of Pro- Star. Our qualified staff can assist you in choosing the right computer to fit your needs.
Our internet café offers high speed internet access. Our cafe offers different services, whether you are a business man needing a temporary office, a student who needs to do research, a gamer, or you just want to surf the web. You can surf the net all day or by the hour! We also offer printing and faxing services to complete your small business solutions.
Want to know more? Check out our brochure here!
We accept bill payments for Verizon, Sprint, T-Mobile, other cellular carriers, utilities, and more.
Having trouble learning your new Smartphone or Computer? Give us a call or e-mail us to schedule a sit down session with our technology experts! Let us show you how to master the latest technology or answer any questions you may have about them!
Todd's Technology, Inc.


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Dot1 methylates histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) on the nucleosome core and is involved in Sir protein-mediated silencing. Previous studies suggested that H3K79 methylation within euchromatin prevents nonspecific binding of the Sir proteins, which in turn facilitates binding of the Sir proteins in unmethylated silent chromatin. However, the mechanism by which the Sir protein binding is influenced by this modification is unclear. We performed genome-wide synthetic genetic array (SGA) analysis and identified interactions of DOT1 with SIR1 and POL32. The synthetic growth defects found by SGA analysis were attributed to the loss of mating type identity caused by a synthetic silencing defect. By using epistasis analysis, DOT1, SIR1, and POL32 could be placed in different pathways of silencing. Dot1 shared its silencing phenotypes with the NatA N-terminal acetyltransferase complex and the conserved N-terminal bromo adjacent homology (BAH) domain of Sir3 (a substrate of NatA). We classified all of these as affecting a common silencing process, and we show that mutations in this process lead to nonspecific binding of Sir3 to chromatin. Our results suggest that the BAH domain of Sir3 binds to histone H3K79 and that acetylation of the BAH domain is required for the binding specificity of Sir3 for nucleosomes unmethylated at H3K79.
Gene silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at telomeres and the silent mating type loci is mediated by Sir proteins, which are recruited to DNA elements called silencers by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins (16, 20, 61). Upon the recruitment of Sir2 and Sir4 to silencers, Sir3 can bind, and the silent chromatin structure can subsequently spread in cis by interactions with neighboring nucleosomes (42). Silent chromatin in yeast is characterized by the absence of histone modifications, suggesting that the Sir complex preferentially binds to unmodified histones (16, 61). The NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity of Sir2 is required for the spread and formation of a repressive Sir2-Sir3-Sir4 (Sir2/3/4) chromatin structure (35, 42, 74), and the binding of Sir3 to histone peptides in vitro has been shown to be negatively affected by the methylation and acetylation of the tails of histone H3 and H4 (8, 42, 63). Binding of Sir3 to histone tails is mediated by the C terminus of Sir3 (20). However, full-length Sir3 can bind to nucleosomes which lack histone tails, suggesting that Sir3 also interacts with other features of the nucleosome (23).
In addition to modifications on the histone tails, silencing is positively affected by the methylation of lysine 79 of histone H3 (H3K79), a residue on the nucleosome core (15, 39, 47, 49, 76). The responsible methyltransferase Dot1 methylates ∼90% of histone H3 and does so predominantly in euchromatin (39, 47, 49, 76). In the absence of Dot1, binding of Sir2 and Sir3 at silent chromatin is reduced, and Sir3 becomes redistributed (47, 49, 62, 76). We previously proposed that the methylated H3K79 (H3K79me) in euchromatin prevents nonspecific binding of Sir proteins to euchromatin and thereby enhances targeting of the limiting pool of Sir proteins to silent regions (76). However, how H3K79me affects the Sir protein interactions with chromatin remains unclear. In yeast, Dot1 has also been shown to be required for the efficient activation of DNA damage checkpoints (5, 25, 80), for the activation of the pachytene checkpoint in meiosis (62), and for resistance to radiation (18). In human cells, H3K79 methylation by Dot1 has been implicated in Ras-induced gene silencing (21), as well as leukemic transformation by activation of the Hox genes (51, 52). The mechanism by which H3K79me affects these processes has not been established.
To investigate how the abundant H3K79me affects chromatin structure and function, we employed systematic genome-wide screens for genetic interactions of DOT1, using synthetic genetic array (SGA) analysis (3, 54). Our results have allowed us to develop mechanistic insights into how Dot1 functions in silencing and have uncovered an unappreciated aspect of SGA analysis for studying silencing.
Yeast strains and plasmids.Yeast strains used in this study are listed in Table 1. Yeast media have been described previously (76). Gene deletions were made by PCR-mediated gene replacement (6, 43). The dot1-G401V mutation was introduced by the integration of a genomic copy of dot1-G401V into strains lacking the endogenous DOT1 gene coding sequence by transformation with the plasmid pTW043 digested with MluI. Strains were verified by PCR and immunoblotting analysis. Silencing assays were performed by spot tests using media containing 1 g/liter 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA), and media have been described previously (76). For spot tests at high temperature, all strains were pregrown and subsequently tested at 37°C. Mating assays were performed as previously described (77), with tester strains or strains PT1 and PT2. Mating reactions of the nat1Δ, sir1Δ, and dot1Δ strains were performed with the tester strain BY4709 and plated on yeast complete medium lacking uracil (YC-Ura) (MATa haploid plus diploid) and YC-Ura-Trp (diploid) media. Mating reactions of the sir3Δ strains carrying SIR3 centromere (CEN) plasmids or strains carrying integrated SIR3 alleles were performed with the tester strain BY4734 and plated on YC-Trp (MATa haploids plus diploids) and YC-Trp-Lys (diploids). Plasmid pTW043 was made in two steps. First, the G401V mutation was introduced into pRS315-DOT1 (76) by a three-step PCR protocol. The 5.5-kb BamHI-ClaI DOT1 genomic insert was transferred to pRS306 (6). The single-copy plasmid pHR62-16 (pRS314-SIR3; a gift from H. Renauld) was obtained by cloning a 3.7-kb HpaI fragment of YEp13-SIR3 (36) into the SmaI site of pRS314 (6). The A2T and A2G mutations of SIR3 were introduced by a three-step PCR and verified by sequencing to generate pTW070 and pTW071, respectively. The integration plasmids pFvL277 (pRS304-SIR3N) and pFvL278 (pRS304-SIR3N-A2G) were made by cloning a 530-bp genomic region of SIR3 (from 374 bp upstream to 156 bp downstream of the start of the open reading frame) into pRS304 and digesting them with BclI to integrate the plasmids to truncate endogenous SIR3 and express one copy of the wild-type (WT) SIR3 or sir3-A2G gene. The integration plasmids pFvL279 (pRS304-SIR3) and pFvL280 (pRS304-sir3-A2G) were made by cloning a 3.7-kb genomic region of SIR3 (from 374 bp upstream to 399 bp downstream of the open reading frame) into pRS304 and digesting them with HpaI to integrate the plasmids into the SIR3 promoter region to reintroduce the WT SIR3 or the sir3-A2G mutation into the sir3Δ strains.
SGA analysis.Synthetic lethal analysis by SGA was performed twice with a dot1Δ strain (NKI3001) derived from strain Y3656 (75), either manually or by using a BioMek robot (Beckman Coulter) and once with a catalytically inactive dot1-G401V (strain NKI2053) mutant derived from strain Y7092 (75), using a Hamilton ML STAR unit (Hamilton Robotics). The screens were performed as described previously (75), with the following modifications: all media contained 10 mg/liter tetracycline; diploids were grown on presporulation GNA medium (24) prior to being plated on sporulation medium (10 g/liter potassium acetate, 1 g/liter yeast extract, 0.5 g/liter glucose, 14 mg/liter uracil, 14 mg/liter histidine, 71 mg/liter leucine); and haploid selection medium was based on YC medium (77). Positive hits from the first rounds were retested by repeating the SGA protocol or by tetrad analysis. For random spore analysis, cells were plated on haploid selection medium, which contained canavanine and thialysine (S-aminoethyl-cysteine), resulting in the survival of can1Δ lyp1Δ haploids and killing all other haploids and the CAN1/can1Δ LYP1/lyp1Δ heterozygous diploids (75). To specifically select for MATa haploids, histidine was omitted from the medium. CloNat (nourseothricin) was obtained from Werner Bioagents (Germany).
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting, immunoblotting, and ChIP.Flow cytometry was performed using SYTOX Green as described previously (28). Sir3 mouse monoclonal antibodies, immunoblotting analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) protocols were as described previously (76). The Pgk1 antibody was from Molecular Probes (clone 22C5/A-6457). The primers used to amplify Sir3-bound DNA fragments were ACT1f (CCAATTGCTCGAGAGATTTC), ACT1r (CATGATACCTTGGTGTCTTG), HMLf (TACACTCATATGGCTATACC), HMLr (CTATGCGGGCTTGAAAATGAACAG), TEL-VIRf (CAGGCAGTCCTTTCTATTTC), TEL-VIRr (GCTTGTTAACTCTCCGACAG), HMRf (GAGAATAAGCGCAGGTACTCC), and HMRr (TCTTGAGCGGTGAGCCTCTG). The amplified DNA fragments were separated by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis on gels stained with ethidium bromide and imaged using a GeneFlash unit (Syngene). Data were quantified using TINA software version 2.09 (Raytest). Coimmunoprecipitation of histone H3 with Sir3 was examined by elution of the proteins bound to beads and by reversal of the cross-links by boiling for 30 min in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) sample buffer, followed by immunoblotting analysis using a polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal peptide QKKDIKLARRLRGER of yeast H3 (F. Frederiks and F. van Leeuwen, unpublished data). For cell fractionation, a whole-cell ChIP extract was split into two fractions. One fraction was sonicated to shear and solubilize chromatin and spun for 5 min at 20,000 × g at 4°C. The supernatant was spun again and then collected as the whole-cell extract (WCE). The other fraction was first spun for 5 min at 20,000 × g at 4°C. The supernatant was spun again and then collected as the soluble fraction. The chromatin pellet was washed three times and finally resuspended in the same volume as the soluble supernatant. This pellet sample was sonicated to shear and solubilize chromatin and spun for 1 min at 20,000 × g at 4°C. The supernatant of this sample was collected as the chromatin fraction. Prior to loading samples on gels, all samples were boiled for 30 min in SDS-PAGE sample buffer to reverse the cross-links.
qRT-PCR analysis.Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed with total RNA isolated from log-phase cultures, using an RNeasy kit (catalog no. 74104; Qiagen). RNA samples were treated with RNase-free DNase (catalog no. 79254; Qiagen), and cDNA was made by using SuperScript II reverse transcriptase (catalog no. 18064; Invitrogen). Real-time qPCR was performed on an Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast RT-PCR system using SYBR Green-based detection, with the primers ACT1_Qf (TCGTTCCAATTTACGCTGGTT), ACT1_Qr (CGGCCAAATCGATTCTCAA), HMLalpha1_Qf (CTTGTCTTCTCTGCTCGCTGAA), and HMLalpha1_Qr (TCCCATATTCCGTGCTGCAT).
Synthetic genetic interactions of DOT1 with SIR1 and POL32.SGA analysis of yeast has been used extensively for synthetic lethal screening and has revealed many hidden relationships or functions of nonessential genes (3, 54). SGA makes use of the collection of nearly all ∼5,000 nonessential haploid deletion mutants and involves the mating of a query strain with the entire collection of deletion mutants, followed by meiotic recombination, sporulation, and selection of haploid cells. In the final steps, the growth of single knockouts is compared to the growth of double knockouts to score for phenotypic enhancement or suppression (3, 54). If two genes interact to modulate an essential phenotype, the pair-wise combination of deletion mutants may result in a growth defect or lethality. Although a genetic interaction can reveal information about redundant functions or physical interactions, the primary cause of the phenotype often remains unknown.
To identify genetic interactions of DOT1, SGA analysis was performed with a DOT1 knockout strain (dot1Δ) and repeated with a strain carrying a point mutation in DOT1 (dot1-G401V; dot1V) which renders the protein catalytically inactive (data not shown). In our studies, we have not detected a functional difference between dot1Δ and dot1V. Out of three genome-wide screens, two reproducible interactions were found. The deletion or mutation of DOT1 appeared to be synthetically lethal in combination with the deletion of the genes encoding Sir1, which is bound to silencers and acts by recruiting the Sir2/3/4 complex (4, 19, 60) or Pol32, a nonessential subunit of DNA polymerase δ (Fig. 1A and data not shown). During the course of our studies, genetic interactions between DOT1 and SIR1 and between DOT1 and POL32 were reported, confirming our screen results (9, 57). A closer examination of the growth phenotype by tetrad analysis showed that the dot1V pol32Δ double mutants had a minor growth defect compared to the WT strain or either of the single mutants, while a dot1V sir1Δ strain showed no growth defect (Fig. 1B). Since Sir1 and Dot1 are both known to be involved in silencing, we reasoned that the "lethality" of the double mutant might have been caused by a silencing defect that uncovers an inherent aspect of the SGA screening process.
Haploid yeasts exist in two mating types, MATa or MATα. The mating type information is encoded by the MAT locus, whereas HMRa and HMLα represent silent copies of mating type information that the cell can use to switch mating types by recombination (16, 61). The final steps of SGA analysis involve the selection for MATa haploid cells by growth on media lacking histidine to select for cells that express the HIS3 gene driven by the MATa-specific MFA1 promoter or the Schizosaccharomyces pombe HIS5 gene driven by the MATa-specific STE2 promoter (3, 75). In MATa cells, the loss of silencing of HMLα results in the presence of a and α information, creating a pseudodiploid cell in which all MATa-specific gene expression is eliminated (61) (Fig. 2A). Therefore, while silencing is not essential for normal growth, the loss of silencing of HMLα during SGA analysis is expected to result in a lack of growth on MATa-selective media. To determine whether the loss of silencing could explain the observed genetic interactions, spores from the DOT1/dot1V SIR1/sir1Δ heterozygous diploids obtained by SGA were analyzed by random spore analysis. When cells were plated on media selecting for MATa haploids, the dot1V sir1Δ double mutants did not grow, whereas the WT cells and the sir1Δ and dot1V single mutants grew normally (Fig. 2B and data not shown). However, when cells were plated on haploid selection media without selection for histidine prototrophy (allowing for the growth of all haploid cells), the dot1V sir1Δ mutants grew normally (Fig. 2B). These results showed that the dot1V sir1Δ mutants were viable but that no dot1V sir1Δ double mutants were present that behaved like MATa cells, suggesting that the MATadot1V sir1Δ double mutants had lost histidine prototrophy because of a mating type defect. To test this suggestion directly, the mating efficiency of spores derived from tetrad analysis was examined. Whereas single mutants of dot1V and sir1Δ showed efficient mating, MATa double mutants of these alleles did not mate, confirming that the cells had lost their MATa mating type identity (Fig. 2C). Deletion of SIR1 also aggravated the partial HMRa silencing defects of the DOT1 mutants (data not shown) but not enough to cause the complete derepression and loss of mating type identity of MATα cells (Fig. 2C).
To verify that the mating defect of the MATadot1V sir1Δ strain was caused by the loss of HMLα silencing, DOT1 and SIR1 were knocked out in a strain in which a URA3 reporter gene was integrated at the HMLα locus (Fig. 2D). Growth assays using this reporter gene are more sensitive than the mating assays or the HIS3 reporter used in SGA (77). Whereas the dot1Δ and sir1Δ single mutants showed a minor decrease in silencing, the double mutant showed a complete loss of silencing of the URA3 reporter gene at HMLα (Fig. 2D). These results confirmed that the synthetic "lethality" of dot1Δ and sir1Δ in the SGA screens was caused by a genetic interaction that caused the loss of HMLα silencing.
Distinct roles of DOT1, SIR1, and POL32 in silencing.We next investigated the synthetic fitness phenotype of the dot1V pol32Δ mutants (Fig. 1A and B). While the colonies from the dot1V pol32Δ spores after germination of the diploid used in the SGA analysis were somewhat smaller than those of the wild type or strains with either of the mutant alleles alone (Fig. 1B), in subsequent experiments, the growth rates of these and other independent pol32Δ and dot1Δ/V pol32Δ strains were indistinguishable (see below). In addition, analysis of DNA content by fluorescence-activated cell sorting showed that the pol32Δ mutants accumulate in G2/M phase (31) and that the deletion of DOT1 did not enhance or alter this cell cycle defect (Fig. 3A).
To determine whether synthetic sickness of the pol32Δ dot1V mutants in the SGA screens was enhanced by silencing defects, we performed a random spore plating assay. When random spores from SGA analysis were plated on haploid selection media, the growth defect of the dot1V pol32Δ double mutants was more apparent on MATa selection media than on media lacking selection for the mating type (Fig. 3B). These results suggested that, similar to the dot1V sir1Δ mutants, the dot1V pol32Δ mutants might have a defect in the silencing of HMLα, although no mating defect could be detected by quantitative mating (data not shown).
Analyses of DOT1 and POL32 deletions in strains carrying a URA3 silencing reporter unambiguously identified a role for POL32 in gene silencing. First, the silencing of URA3 at HMLα was reduced in the pol32Δ strain (Fig. 3C). When it was combined with the deletion of SIR1 or DOT1, the silencing defect of the pol32Δ knockouts was more severe than expected from the phenotypes of either of the single mutants, suggesting that POL32 acts in a pathway that does not overlap with that involving DOT1 or SIR1. Second, silencing of URA3 integrated at telomere VII-L was greatly reduced in the pol32Δ strain, similar to that in the dot1Δ strain (Fig. 3D). High temperature has been shown to result in stronger silencing in yeast by unknown mechanisms (2). When telomeric silencing assays were performed at 37°C, the silencing defect of the pol32Δ and dot1Δ single mutants was partially suppressed. In contrast, a high temperature did not restore silencing of the dot1Δ pol32Δ double mutant, confirming that DOT1 and POL32 play nonredundant roles in silencing. Although Sir1 affects silencing at some native telomeres (59), Sir1 is not involved in the recruitment of Sir2/3/4 at truncated telomeres containing reporter genes (16, 20, 61) and did not affect the silencing of the telomeric reporter gene used here (data not shown). Synthetic genetic interactions frequently bridge parallel pathways (82). Therefore, our results suggest that POL32, SIR1, and DOT1 affect silencing via three distinct pathways.
DOT1, NAT1, and the N terminus of Sir3 affect a common silencing process.Large-scale genetic interaction screens have helped to identify genes that act in the same process or pathway. Part of the reason for grouping genes together in the same pathway is based on the fact that they share genetic interactions with a common set of other genes (9, 57, 82). Because of our interest in learning more about how DOT1 functions in silencing, we took advantage of this idea and looked for gene mutations that had a synthetic silencing defect when combined with a sir1Δ mutation, just as DOT1 did. We first searched in the literature for mutants that shared with DOT1 a dependence on SIR1 for silencing of HMLα. We then selected mutants that showed additional overlap with dot1Δ in other silencing functions, i.e., (i) a severe reduction in telomeric silencing (67, 76) and (ii) no dependence on SIR1 for HMRa silencing (Fig. 2C). Two classes of mutants fulfilled these criteria. A telomeric silencing defect and a strong dependence on SIR1 for HMLα (but not for HMRa) silencing have been reported for deletions of NAT1 and ARD1 (71) and for mutations of the N terminus of Sir3 (Sir3-A2G and Sir3-A2T) (22, 70, 78). Nat1 and Ard1 are components of the N-terminal acetyltransferase complex NatA, which acetylates the N-terminal amino acid of a range of proteins, including Orc1 and Sir3 (22, 58, 78). In the sir3-A2G and sir-A2T mutants, the N-terminal alanine of the mature Sir3 protein has been replaced by glycine (A2G) or threonine (A2T) (22, 70, 78). It has been suggested that one way in which NatA affects silencing is by acetylating the N-terminal alanine residue of the mature Sir3 protein (78), which would place NAT1/ARD1 and the N terminus of Sir3 in the same pathway or process.
If genes act in the same pathway, then when null mutations in these genes are combined, it is unlikely that they will have a synthetic interaction (3). To determine whether Dot1, the Sir3 N terminus, and Nat1/Ard1 effect a common silencing process, we examined genetic interactions between these genes with respect to silencing of HMLα, by performing quantitative mating assays of MATa strains. As expected, the dot1Δ and nat1Δ strains showed strong mating defects in combination with sir1Δ. However, mating efficiency of the dot1Δ nat1Δ mutants was no worse than for the single nat1Δ mutant (Fig. 4A). In addition, we found that the deletion of DOT1 did not affect growth of the nat1Δ or ard1Δ strain on MATa haploid selection media in SGA studies, confirming the fact that HMLα silencing was not aggravated in the double mutants (data not shown).
To study the N terminus of Sir3, the A2G and A2T mutations were introduced into the SIR3 gene on a CEN plasmid and transformed into sir3Δ strains. Plasmid-borne Sir3 and Sir3-A2G were expressed at similar levels as endogenous Sir3 (see below). A WT SIR3 plasmid complemented the loss of mating observed for the sir3Δ and sir3Δ sir1Δ strains, indicating that HMLα silencing was restored (Fig. 4B). As expected from previous studies (22, 70, 78), the Sir3-A2G mutant could restore mating in the sir3Δ strain but failed to mate in the absence of SIR1 (Fig. 4B). However, mating of the Sir3-A2G mutant was not affected by deletion of DOT1. The same results were observed with the Sir-A2T mutant (data not shown). Previous studies have shown that a nat1Δ or an ard1Δ mutation combined with sir-A2 mutations have no mating defect (70). However, we could not verify this in our strains because the WT SIR3 plasmid failed to complement the mating defect in the nat1Δ sir3Δ strain, while the nat1Δ single mutants still showed substantial mating (data not shown). We do not know the cause of this defect, but we note that specific silencing defects of plasmid-borne SIR3 have also been reported by others (14). To examine the relationship between Nat1 and the Sir3 N terminus, we constructed SIR3 integration vectors (SIR3i) to replace the endogenous chromosomal copy of SIR3 by WT SIR3 or sir3-A2G. In this context, the nat1Δ SIR3i strains showed mating efficiencies similar to that of the original nat1Δ SIR3 strain (compare Fig. 4A and C). Interestingly, the nat1Δ sir3-A2Gi strains mated as efficiently as the nat1Δ SIR3i strains, while the sir3-A2Gi allele in combination with sir1Δ abolished mating (Fig. 4C).
To confirm that the observed mating defects were caused by the loss of silencing of the HMLα locus, the expression of the α1 gene was determined by qRT-PCR. Although the loss of HMLα silencing leads to the expression of the α1 and α2 genes, the α2 protein together with the a1 protein present in the MATa cells form a heterodimeric transcriptional repressor that represses the expression of α1 and α2 (17, 29). Despite this negative feedback loop, desilencing of HMLα can usually be detected by low levels of α1/α2 mRNA (e.g., see reference 45). Indeed, the WT strain showed low levels of α1 mRNA, whereas strains with no mating or strongly reduced mating (e.g., the sir3Δ, sir1Δ dot1, sir1Δ nat1Δ, and sir1Δ sir3-A2G strains) showed higher levels of α1 mRNA (Fig. 4D). As expected, the dot1Δ and sir3-A2G single mutants and the dot1Δ sir3-A2G double mutant showed low α1 expression levels, similar to that of the WT. The nat1Δ single mutant, which has reduced mating efficiency (Fig. 4A), showed intermediate α1 mRNA levels, which were not affected by the additional deletion of DOT1 or the mutation of the Sir3 N terminus (Fig. 4D). Expression of α1 in the nat1Δ single and double mutant strains was more variable (between duplicates and between independent clones) than in other strains. We do not know the cause of the variability but expect that it is related to the poor growth that we observed for strains lacking NAT1. We conclude that, overall, the mating defects shown in Fig. 4A to C correlate with desilencing of HMLα. The similarity in silencing phenotypes and the lack of genetic interactions between mutants of Dot1, NatA, and the N terminus of Sir3 strongly suggest that the three components affect a common silencing process.
Overlapping roles of Dot1 and the N terminus of Sir3 in targeting of Sir3 to silent chromatin.Dot1 methylates histone H3K79 in euchromatin, suggesting that H3K79me affects silencing in trans, possibly by blocking nonspecific binding of Sir proteins to euchromatin, which in turn promotes binding of Sir proteins to silent chromatin (47, 49, 76). Sir1 is bound to silencers and acts by recruiting the Sir2/3/4 complex in cis (4, 19, 60), which explains why DOT1 and SIR1 seem to act in parallel silencing pathways (Fig. 2). How the Sir complex is affected by histone H3K79me is unknown. However, because our genetic studies suggest that Dot1 and the Sir3 N terminus affect the same silencing process, we speculated that the effect of histone H3K79me on silencing might be mediated by a physical interaction between histone H3K79 on the nucleosome core and the Sir3 N terminus.
One prediction of this model is that the Sir3 N terminus shares functions with Dot1 in providing specificity of Sir protein targeting. To test this model, we examined binding of Sir3 and Sir3-A2G to chromatin in vivo. We first analyzed Sir3 expression levels. It has previously been shown that the deletion of NAT1 or the mutation of the Sir3 N terminus does not affect Sir3 protein levels (22). However, in a recent study, the deletion of ARD1 was shown to lead to reduced levels of tagged Sir3 (53). By using immunoblotting analysis, we found that in strains harboring a fixed single integrated copy of SIR3 or sir3-A2G, the Sir3-A2G protein was expressed at lower levels than the WT Sir3 (Fig. 5A, left panel). In nat1Δ strains, the expression of endogenous Sir3 or that of reintegrated Sir3 (or Sir3-A2G) was even more reduced and undetectable with our antibody (Fig. 5A). These results suggest that the acetylation of the N-terminal alanine of Sir3 enhances Sir3 stability, but we do not know the mechanism of this stabilization. Interestingly, plasmid-encoded Sir3 and Sir3-A2G were expressed at similar levels (Fig. 5A, right panel). Thus, the silencing defects of Sir3-A2G were not caused by reduced Sir3 levels. By quantitative PCR we observed that the sir3-A2G CEN plasmid was present at a higher copy number than the WT SIR3 CEN plasmid. Although we do not understand the mechanism by which Sir3 affects plasmid copy number, we suggest that the higher DNA copy number of the sir3-A2G plasmid compensated for a reduction in Sir3-A2G protein levels. We investigated the binding of Sir3 to chromatin in strains expressing plasmid-encoded Sir3 and Sir3-A2G to ensure equal expression levels of the two proteins.
The binding of Sir3 to chromatin was analyzed by ChIP, followed by PCR and quantitation of the PCR products. In the strain expressing Sir3-A2G, Sir3 binding to telomeres was reduced compared to that of WT Sir3 (Fig. 5B), which is consistent with the observed silencing defect (data not shown). Binding to HMLα was unaffected, which is consistent with the efficient mating of this mutant (Fig. 4B). In the absence of histone H3K79me (dot1Δ), Sir3-protein binding to telomeres was also reduced, although not as much as in the Sir3-A2G strain (47, 76). Deletion of DOT1 did not enhance any of the effects of the Sir3-A2G mutation on Sir3 binding, offering further evidence that they function in the same process. In accordance with the absence of mating problems of MATα cells, the sir3-A2G mutation or the deletion of DOT1 did not affect binding of Sir3 to the silenced HMRa locus (Fig. 5B).
It has previously been shown that in strains lacking DOT1, Sir3 does not lose its binding to chromatin but becomes redistributed (47, 49, 62, 76). To determine whether Sir-A2G had lost specificity for silent telomeric chromatin and became redistributed, we investigated the overall binding of Sir3 to chromatin by examining the amount of histone H3 coimmunoprecipitated with Sir3. With the WT Sir3, we observed a modest but reproducible coimmunoprecipitation of histone H3 that was higher than the nonspecific pull-down of H3 in sir3Δ strains (Fig. 5C). The amount of H3 that was bound to Sir3 was similar among the WT, Sir3-A2G, and dot1Δ strains (Fig. 5C), suggesting that while binding to telomeres was reduced (Fig. 4B), Sir3-A2G was still bound to chromatin elsewhere. To confirm that in the Sir3-A2G and dot1Δ strains Sir3 was still bound to chromatin in a nonspecific manner, we performed chromatin fractionation experiments. A WCE prepared from cells treated with formaldehyde was split into a soluble fraction containing proteins from the cytosol and the nucleoplasm and an insoluble fraction containing chromatin-bound proteins and other insoluble proteins. The chromatin pellet was subsequently sonicated to shear and solubilize the chromatin fragments. As expected, histone H3 was present in the pellet fraction and absent from the soluble pool (Fig. 5D), confirming that chromatin was present exclusively in the pellet fraction. In contrast, the glycolytic enzyme Pgk1 was found primarily in the soluble pool with a smaller portion in the chromatin fraction (Fig. 5D). Sir3 cofractionated with histone H3 in the chromatin-containing pellet fraction in the WT, sir3-A2G, and dot1Δ strains. No Sir3 protein was detected in the soluble pool in any of the strains (Fig. 5D). These results support those shown in Fig. 5C and suggest that in the absence of an acetylated N-terminal alanine of Sir3 or in the absence of histone H3K79me, Sir3 remained bound to chromatin but lost its specificity. Together our results indicate that histone H3K79 methylation by Dot1 affects the targeting of Sir proteins via an interaction between histone H3K79 and the acetylated N terminus of Sir3.
A model for the interaction between histone H3K79 and Sir3.In this study, we have shown that cells lacking DOT1 become dependent on SIR1 for silencing at HMLα and, as a consequence, for maintenance of their mating type identity (Fig. 2). This genetic interaction between SIR1 and DOT1 supports a model in which Sir1 acts in one pathway to enhance the recruitment in cis of Sir proteins to silencers, and Dot1 acts in another pathway to increase specificity and target Sir proteins to the silent loci via a trans effect. While it has been unclear how the Sir complex interacts with the nucleosome core and how histone H3K79me affects these interactions, the results we present here shed some light on this interaction. Previous studies have shown that the C-terminal domain of Sir3 binds to histone tails and that this binding is negatively affected by the methylation of the tail of histone H3 at K4 and acetylation of the tail of histone H4 (8, 42, 63). The N-terminal region of Sir3 contains a conserved BAH domain that is essential for silencing (10, 27, 78). Biochemical studies suggest that the BAH domain of Sir3 is involved in nucleosome binding, although binding was observed only when a hypermorphic mutation was present in Sir3 (10). Thus, the details of the mechanism by which the BAH domain affects silencing and interacts with nucleosomes have remained unclear.
We now present three lines of genetic evidence that are consistent with a model in which the N-terminal part of the BAH domain of Sir3 binds histone H3K79 on the nucleosome core. First, specific point mutations in the Sir3 N terminus, the deletion of NAT1, and the deletion of DOT1 each had very similar silencing phenotypes. All show reduced telomeric silencing and a critical dependence on SIR1 for silencing of HMLα but not for HMRa. Second, no combination of double mutations of the sir-A2G, nat1Δ, and dot1Δ mutants showed a defect in mating that was greater than one of the single mutants (Fig. 4). Furthermore, whereas the sir-A2G and dot1Δ mutants both showed a reduction in Sir protein binding at telomeres, the sir-A2G dot1Δ double mutant showed a binding pattern similar to that of the sir-A2G single mutant (Fig. 5). This is consistent with them all acting in the same silencing process. Third, in the absence of the N-terminal alanine of Sir3 (Fig. 5), as well as in the absence of Dot1 (47, 49, 62, 76), Sir3 lost its binding specificity for silent chromatin at telomeres but was still able to bind to chromatin in general. Based on these results, we propose that the Sir3 N terminus binds the nucleosome core on a surface that includes histone H3K79 and that acetylation of the N-terminal alanine is required for the specificity of Sir3 for unmethylated histone H3K79 (Fig. 6). In the absence of this specificity (mutant or unacetylated Sir3 or no histone H3K79me in euchromatin), Sir3 becomes a promiscuous chromatin-binding factor, which leads to reduced Sir3 binding in silent regions, since Sir3 is in limited supply. Our findings are supported by recent biochemical studies by Onishi et al. (53), who showed that binding of the Sir3 BAH domain to yeast nucleosomes is negatively affected by H3K79me.
Because the sir3-A2G mutants have a stronger silencing defect than the dot1Δ mutant, our results suggest that the loss of H3K79me affects the specificity of Sir3 less than loss of a native acetylated N terminus of Sir3. One possibility is that the BAH domain interacts with additional features of the nucleosome. Indeed, the BAH domain of Sir3 binds to DNA (10) and Onishi et al. showed that the BAH domain of Sir3 binds to nucleosomes via interactions involving histone H3K79 (on the nucleosome core) as well as histone H4K16 (on the N-terminal tail of histone H4) (53). The strong silencing defect of the nat1Δ strains may be caused by a combination of the loss of Sir3 acetylation, the strongly reduced Sir3 protein levels, and the loss of acetylation of other proteins that directly or indirectly affect silencing, such as Orc1 (22, 58, 78). A BAH domain has been identified in several chromatin regulators in yeast (e.g., Yng1, Orc1, and Rsc1) and in higher eukaryotes (e.g., histone methyltransferase Ash1 in flies and Orc1 and DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 in humans) (7, 26, 50). The BAH domain of Orc1 also binds to yeast nucleosomes (53). It will be interesting to determine whether this is a general property of BAH domains and whether nucleosome binding involves interactions with the nucleosome core. Interestingly, a recent study showed that a C-terminal fragment of Sir3 (not including the BAH domain) binds to short peptides encompassing H3K79 in vitro and that this binding is negatively affected by H3K79me (1). Although it is not clear whether these interactions also occur with nucleosomes in vivo, these results suggest that Sir3 might interact with H3K79 on the nucleosome core via its N-terminal BAH domain as well as its C-terminal domain.
A role for DNA polymerase δ in gene silencing.Pol32 is a nonessential subunit of DNA polymerase δ, involved in DNA replication, postreplicational error-prone repair, break-induced replication, and telomerase-independent telomere maintenance (11, 30, 32, 37, 44). Through SGA analysis, we identified POL32 as a regulator of silencing at HM loci and telomeres. Subunits of DNA polymerase δ have not previously been implicated in silencing. Other DNA replication factors, such as PCNA, subunits of DNA polymerase ε, the clamp loader RF-C, RFC-like proteins, and ORC and MCM proteins, have previously been shown to affect silencing (12, 13, 34, 41, 68, 72, 73). In addition, silencing alterations have been observed with mutants displaying altered replication timing or cell cycle progression (40). Although the mechanism of POL32 function in silencing remains unknown, POL32 deletion aggravated the silencing defect of the DOT1 and SIR1 mutants, indicating that POL32 modulates silencing via a pathway that does not involve SIR1 or DOT1.
Fitness defects found in SGA analysis reveal silencing functions.The underlying cause of synthetic genetic interactions is often unknown. Our results show that some synthetic fitness phenotypes in SGA analysis can be explained by the loss of mating type identity due to the loss of HMLα silencing. The sir1Δ dot1Δ mutant, which is viable and shows no growth defect, was inviable in the screen due to near complete loss of HMLα silencing. The synthetic fitness phenotype of the pol32Δ dot1Δ mutant that we and others observed in synthetic lethal screens (9, 57) is likely to be the result of enhanced silencing defects as well. To determine whether our observation has implications beyond the interactions described here, we reevaluated the 12 genes, besides DOT1, that showed the strongest interaction with SIR1 in a recent comprehensive chromosome-biology SGA screen (9). Of those 12 genes, SAS2, SAS3, and SAS4 (encoding three members of the SAS-I histone acetyltransferase complex) and ASF1 (encoding a histone chaperone) are indeed known to have a mating defect and show no fitness problems when deleted in the absence of SIR1 (46, 55, 56, 81). The BRE1, LGE1, and RTF1 deletion mutants show reduced levels of histone H3K79me and show telomeric silencing defects and are therefore expected to act like the dot1Δ mutants and have mating problems when SIR1 is deleted (33, 38, 48, 64-66, 79). We reexamined the remaining five mutants and identified a synthetic interaction between SIR1 and ELG1 (Table 2). A plating assay on haploid selection media with or without selection for mating type MATa (as shown in Fig. 1) established that this phenotype was caused by a silencing defect of HMLα (Table 2). These findings suggest that ELG1, which encodes an RFC-like protein, positively affects silencing at HMLα, which is unexpected because it is known to negatively regulate silencing at telomeres (69). Therefore, besides dot1Δ, 9 of the 12 highest ranked genetic interactions of sir1Δ most likely represent silencing defects. DOT1 and SAS2 play nonoverlapping roles in telomeric silencing (A. W., Faber and F. van Leeuwen, data not shown), suggesting that Dot1 and the SAS-I complex act in different pathways. Whether ASF1 and ELG1 are members of the POL32 or DOT1 pathway or represent yet another pathway remains to be established.
We expect that the many other genetic interactions identified by SGA analyses will provide a valuable resource for the identification of additional genes and processes involved in silencing. The distinction between "true" synthetic lethal interactions and synthetic silencing interactions can easily be addressed by secondary assays, as we have described here.
We thank A. Tong and C. Boone for the SGA strains and advice, H. Renauld for plasmid pHR62-16, E. McIttrick for assistance with the SGA screens, J. M. M. den Haan for Sir3 antibody purification, R. Sternglanz and V. Sampath for helpful discussions and sharing of unpublished data, and M. van Lohuizen and A. Berns for critical reading of the manuscript.
F.V.L. was a special fellow of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (Special Fellow no. 3409-04) and was supported by the EU 6th framework program (NOE The Epigenome LSHG-CT-2004-503433).
- Received 14 November 2007.
- Returned for modification 28 December 2007.
- Accepted 19 March 2008.
- Copyright © 2008 American Society for Microbiology
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text: Robbie010 72 Posted March 10 Without realising it I have bought bi-wire speaker binding posts for my clone la scala project. Rather than tossing them on a pile of spares and buying another set of normal binding posts can someone tell me whether I can (and how to) connect the bi-wire binding posts to the Type A crossover in a bi-wire configuration? Thanks. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Buyers Guide: 7 Things to Consider Before Buying a Subwoofer
Before you start glancing through the arrangements of best subwoofers on the net or strolling along the columns brimming with different subwoofer models in the stereo store, check the kind of speakers you are utilizing. This is the first rule as your speakers will distinguish the key highlights of your future subwoofer.
Clearly, a superb floor-standing speaker (which more often than not cost a fortune) will require a huge and ground-breaking subwoofer. All things considered, on the off chance that you are the proprietor of small bookshelf speakers, there is no compelling reason to buy an expensive thing. Furthermore, the size of the subwoofer will be smaller as well.
It might sound dull, however, it's constantly imperative to consider the size and acoustics of the room you are going to put a subwoofer in. For instance, huge rooms need more power, so it's smarter to purchase increasingly compelling subwoofers. Little rooms, despite what might be expected, don't require huge subwoofers.
Be that as it may, it's not just about the size of the room. Make sure to mull over its type. Is it a room with a close or open arrangement? The fact is that regardless of whether the room isn't huge yet it easily proceeds into another, at that point, you will require something extremely ground-breaking.
The principal thing behind why you should consider the size of a subwoofer is very crude as it's about the space a subwoofer will take in your room. There is no sense in purchasing a bigger subwoofer in the event that you need more space to put it.
Another point is that subwoofer size is one of the primary components which distinguish the rundown of significant highlights each best sub ought to have. Despite the fact that such a thought is somewhat mixed up, the size of the sub does make a difference. So what does it tell about? Enormous subwoofers are typically viewed as more intense and to deliver further bass. The truth, however, is that the size isn't the main thing that influences the subwoofer execution and you can get familiar with it as you read on.
Make sure to check SPL (for example sensitivity) of your subwoofer. Subs with high SPL need less capacity to deliver high volumes than subs with low SPL level. Along these lines, in the event that your head unit is fueled enough, at that point, there is no compelling reason to get a sub with high affectability.
One more component you should focus on is frequency. As a subwoofer is in charge of bass, you will require a thing that produces just low-recurrence sounds.
This is what you should think about impedance before setting up a subwoofer. At the point when your sub has low impedance at that point, it's simpler for an intensifier to give it control. The key entanglement, for this situation, is the sort of the intensifier you are utilizing as not every one of them is changed in accordance with what your subwoofer may require.
In this manner, not to get an overheated speaker since it can't deal with extremely low opposition level we prescribe to consistently check its determinations before you wire your sub to specific impedance, and that is the following significant factor you ought to consider.
All subs can be partitioned into wired and wireless. The fundamental in addition to a wireless subwoofer is the nonattendance of set up. Simply fitting such subwoofer in and voilà – it works! With regards to the downsides (tragically, they do exist) wireless subwoofers don't give such incredible sound as wired subs can convey. Obviously, it is anything but a well-known fact however this standard typically works. Along these lines, on the off chance that you have a 7.1 speaker system, at that point, it's smarter to search for a wired subwoofer.
The scope of the wattage is in charge of the uproar of the sub. Thus, the more watts a subwoofer has the more intense it is. Note that subwoofers with higher watts (up to 4,000W) are more costly than those with low wattage.
One more point to focus at when you are checking the wattage of the sub is RMS, for example, nonstop wattage. RMS is in charge of the volume and the general power, and on the off chance that a sub has RMS of up to 1,000W, at that point the thing must be very subjective. With regards to the pinnacle wattage, it's not as urgent as RMS. This detail will enlighten you regarding how uproarious the sub can go.
To make things simpler and to spare you from a dependable hunt of the ideal subwoofer, we have incorporated the rundown of the best subs to look over.
Below Are The Top 11 best Subwoofers We've Considered
|Where to Buy
|Klipsch R-120SW Subwoofer
|400-Watt output and Can be combined with a wide range of speakers
|Get it on Amazon
|BIC America F12 12-Inch 475
|sturdy build, Port noise reduced
|Get it on Amazon
|Yamaha 8″ 100W
|28–200 Hz frequency response
|Get it on Amazon
|ELAC Debut 2.0 SUB3010
|Automatic equalizer, Powerfull sound
|Get it on Amazon
|Audioengine S8 250W
|separate volume control
|Get it on Amazon
|Polk Audio PSW505 12″
|Powerful bass output
|Get it on Amazon
|Sonos Sub
|Compactable with Amazon Alexa, deep bass
|Get it on Amazon
|Well designed
|Get it on Amazon
|Definitive Technology ProSub 1000
|High output with 300W
|Get it on Amazon
|Bic Acoustech PL-200 II
|Easy to setup
|Get it on Amazon
|SVS SB-1000 Subwoofer
|High output, with 300W
|Get it on Amazon
Best Subwoofers in Wattage
The bass is a significant piece of sound involvement, regardless of whether it's a film, your main tune, or an expert activity. What's more, this is the place the Klipsch R-120SW makes a passage!
Furnished with a 400-Watt, all-computerized, intensifier that powers a spun-copper Injection Molded Graphite (IMG) woofer, the gadget conveys clean, the profound bass reaction that improves any home theater or sound framework.
The woofer cone is light yet additionally solid, which means the low-frequency reaction is high, with no separation or twists that could pollute the sound. Thusly, you can live those blasts or profound notes, without getting any impedance from the gear.
To help with this, the strengthened MDF cabinet holds most vibrations and improves sonic exactness for ideal performance. Additionally, the low pass hybrid and stage control build up the perfect degree of bass that is adjusted to the room size. The subwoofer is additionally wired to fit most accessible home speakers, so you can consolidate it as you need.
|Clean & crisp bass
|It doesn't get as low as expected
|Stylish design
|Not for professional use
|True-to-source accuracy in reproduction


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Welcome to the Quartermaster's Corner
From the day we began our Reunions and our Association, we wanted to make items available that commemorate some of the things from our SEA and AC-119 Gunship time. We have history and heritage items such as hats, patches, decals, gunship hat pins, and actual Mission Tapes. Get a Shadow or Stinger litho, AC-119 "Brothers" prints, a book full of pictures and individual stories of AC-119 history, and individual videotaped sessions by our members relaying what it was like during their time in AC-119s and what it meant to them. Those aren't the only items you'll find here. Other got-to-have items include Reunion T-shirts, Shadow and Stinger mouse pads, Association golf shirts, and many, many others! Check it out; we hope you'll enjoy them!
If you have a question or input please send our Quartermaster a message using this input form: Contact GS


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Account Manager (French speaking)
- Recruiter
- Location
- London
- Salary
- £30k - 40k per year
- Posted
- 16 Sep 2019
- Closing date
- 14 Oct 2019
- Ref
- Industry
- Design, Marketing & PR, Communications, Marketing agency, Media, Advertising, B2B, Creative
- Job function
- Marketing & PR
- Job level
- Experienced (non manager)
- Hours
- Full time
- Contract
- Permanent
- Listing type
- Job vacancy
- Education level
- Undergraduate degree (or equivalent)
The speed read:
A progressive integrated communications agency is looking for a French speaking Account Manager to join their diverse team in Central London.
The facts:
The agency works primarily (but not exclusively) within the corporate / financial sector, and as an Account Manager you will be guiding the delivery of projects across a whole manner of mediums. They have an integrated approach, working with branding, communications and campaigns across print, digital, film, PR, events and moving image - truly 360.
The agency also has strong business links with a number of clients in Africa, hence the requirement for French language skills. You will ideally have experience of working on global accounts and an interest in other cultures is paramount for this same reason.
Reporting in to the Senior Account Manager and Senior Account Director, your day to day will see you servicing accounts to ensure that work is completed on time, to budget and as expected by clients. It's a perfect role for a motivated, self-sufficient and driven Account Manager who loves forging client relations and who will enjoy working in a multicultural environment.
You'll be:
- Fluent (or conversant) in French language
- Someone with 4+ years of Account Management experience
- Familiar with working on financial or corporate accounts
- Highly organised - you can use systems and processes to good effect
- Confident and articulate
- Great at communicating both in writing and verbally
Your superpower:
Diplomacy. You have a clear sense of confidentiality and sensitivity boundaries.
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- Design Marketing & PR Experienced (non manager) jobs in Kent
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- Communications Marketing & PR Experienced (non manager) jobs in Kent
- Media Marketing & PR Experienced (non manager) jobs in Kent
- Advertising Marketing & PR Experienced (non manager) jobs in Kent


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High-Performance Glazing and Impact-Resistant Frameless WindowsBookmark this
"High-Performance Glazing and Impact-Resistant Frameless Windows " will review high-performance architectural glass and glazing systems for commercial and residential applications including impact-resistant frameless systems. The course will review safety standards, building codes, applications, specifications and design trends for architectural glazing.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the various types of architectural glass and related performance for commercial and residential applications
- Understand commercial and residential window systems, applications, codes and performance
- Understand impact-resistant requirements and frameless window systems
- Review design trends for daylighting, sustainability and specifying high-performance glazing systems


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Trail Gorillas and ACE rebuild the PCT in SoCal after Valentine's Day storm
Valentine's Day 2019 brought a winter storm the likes of which hadn't been seen in Southern California in 100 years. Accordingly dubbed a "once-in-a-century" weather event, high winds and rainfall flooded lakes, washed out roads and scoured parts of the Pacific Crest Trail off hillsides.
In addition to the washouts, ... Read more


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We humans sure love a beer or a glass of wine every now and then. Social drinking is perfectly acceptable as long as you don't overdo it. And boy, some people do make a mess of it (we're looking at you, Russia!). As it is with statistics, they can shed some light on which countries harvest the toughest and most reckless drinkers in the world. So here's our list of top 10 countries that have the most alcohol related fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants:
Top 10 countries with the highest alcohol related death rate
- Mauritius: 5.9/100,000 deaths
- Turkmenistan: 6.1/100,000 deaths
- Saint Vincent: 6.5/100,000 deaths
- Haiti: 8.6/100,000 deaths
- Nicaragua: 9.2/100,000 deaths
- Estonia: 9.2/100,000 deaths
- Denmark: 9.9/100,000 deaths
- Honduras: 12.9/100,000 deaths
- Guatemala: 16.4/100,000 deaths
- El Salvador: 25.1/100,000 deaths
(sorry Russia, obviously we were wrong)
Source: Worldlifeexpectancy.com


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The morning was just right, Sun is up and the bikes lined up. All ready to roll on and ride the course. We had an excellent time of riding. Pushing are limits while learning important riding skills.
A moped ( MOH-ped) is a small motorcycle, generally having a less stringent licensing requirement than motorcycles, or automobiles, because mopeds typically travel about the same speed as bicycles on public roadways. Strictly speaking, mopeds are driven by both an engine and by bicycle pedals, but in common usage and in many jurisdictions the term moped is used for any moped-sized motorcycle even if it does not have pedals. The word moped is a portmanteau of "motor" and […]
Another great party in the books. Thank you friend's for coming out to Noah's party. Our special kid was happy as can be. The weather cleared up and the kids were extra happy and excited. Dual bouncy houses are still the kid's favorites and some grown up's too. I hope they all slept as well as we did. We're all partied out! Whew! We'll have to figure out how to incorporate a water slide for the next one.
We at Strats would like to thank Ride-Chi and Nowak Designs Inc (donating the decals) for helping us organize this memorial for Miranda and Matt. Tonights event was spectacular to say the least. We were able to raise $1,800 in just 2 hrs tonight from your very much appreciated donations. All of the monies will be going to the families to help assist with their expenses they have acquired. If you were not able to be here with […]
Happy Birthday Frankie! Dear friends thank you for having us. We enjoyed celebrating's Frankie's birthday. Noah especially like the dune buggy ride. We look forward to the next gathering.
The weather was great, the event was awesome, the cycle & girlies were gorgeous. My Ruca & Kid came out to enjoy and had my best buds ride out with me, and met up plenty of others riders. Couldn't ask for a better day. Hope you enjoy my photos.
What a beautiful lovely couple. We had a lovely time. There was much love in the air that evening. I can't stop saying love! Congratulations! Thank you dear friend's Silvia and Joshua for allowing me to capture some moments. I was honored to witness your union and to toast and celebrate with the lovely couple.
What a fine time with a some fine friends. Thanks for the invite. Happy Birthday Cesar and family we enjoyed the celebration. Love you guys.
After a working hard wrangling the back tire on the o'l Indian. My bud and I headed out to meet some friends over at the Holiday Club for a night of Bikes Babes and Boobies.


text:
- Description
Additional Information
Description • SUPER POWERFUL SUCTION PATENTED WORLDWIDE - Can hold up to 11 lbs for more than a year. Spiderloc's dual vacuum suction cup, with its polyurethane gel surrounding the rubber pad, provides an incomparable, stronger and lasting absorbent force.
• EASY TO INSTALL - No drills, no tools. Attach to a wall without leaving any trace or damage.
• RUST PROOF DESIGN - Its Stainless Steel for wire, chrome plated for ABS design lets the water drain fast causing a more hygienic
environment, with no rusting. Perfect for even humid areas like the bathroom, tub, kitchen; use freely.
• After washing, it can be reusable and re-installed.
Full Product Name Spiderloc Suction Toilet Paper Holder with a Suction cup and Stainless steel. UPC 850003036878 Excluded Ship States N Unique Selling Points. Top 3 most important features • Easily reusable and movable
• Available on uneven surface
• Very long lasting for more than a year
Country of Origin KR Warranty Color Chrome Material ABS Plastic with Chrome Plated, Stainless Steel, NBR Rubber, Polyurethane
- PRICE and Product Dimension
Additional Information
Price Price upon request Master Pack Length (inch) 19.30 Master Pack Height (inch) 8.30 Master Pack Weight (pound) 4.28 Shipping Length (inch) 7.40 Shipping Height (inch) 9.05 Shipping Weight (pound) 0.32 Assembled Product Length (inch) 5.30 Assembled Product Width (inch) 3.50 Assembled Product Height (inch) 5.40 Assembled Product Weight (pound) 0.24
- Certificate
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Item compliant with Proposition 65 N Certifications? N MSDS Required? Reg Comp HazMat N ORMD N Chemical Indicator N Pesticide Indicator N Aerosol Indicator N RPPC Indicator N Battery Type N Fuel Restriction (Empty Container) N Composite Wood N CPSC Regulated Indicator N Paper/Wood Indicator Y Mercury Indicator N Is Perishable N Is Temperature Controlled N Has Expiration N Fragile N For Ages Children Products Only N Choking Hazard? Children Products Only N
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May I introduce King Cunibert from the steep Pitztal Mountain in Austria.
He is a goodhearted person and is loved by his Folk.
He is married to Queen Cunigunde who is known as a Beauty all over the country. But their daughter princess Gundi, is even more beautiful. Many handsome men have asked the king for her hand in marriage, but she declined everyone, as not being handsome enough.
And then on a wonderful rainy day, which makes the skin nice and greenish it happened.
He, the most handsome man of all the Kingdoms came along. It was Prince Googly the 2nd. with his puppy dog Crawly the 1st. on his shoulder.
Princess Gundi saw him and her heart started to beat like a drum. She fell around his neck and kissed him on his mouth.
They married soon after they met and had many beautiful and clever children. They all went to school in the local Pitztal Mountain Village.
Link on this link for all the Gnomes pictures for children : https://erikajust.at/collections/gnomes


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Today I'm featuring images from our senior photo shoots with Faith from Cary Grove High School. Faith is in her senior year at Cary Grove where she participates in both the theater and choir! She was also one of our Model Reps for the Class of 2018 and was a total blast to work with!
Faith's outdoor summer session was especially lively with her Mom and sister cheering her on. They also helped with outfits and made sure everything looked just right. They even jumped in on a few pictures!! Love sessions when everyone gets involved – so much fun!
Check out these photos from Faith's sessions and then check out what she had to say about her nFocus experience! Spoiler alert… She loved it!!
nFocus: Thanks so much for being one of our Model Reps this year! How did you like the experience?
Faith: I loved being a model rep because I felt like I became more familiar with nFocus and got not one but two amazing sessions! If you have the opportunity, being a model rep is so much fun!
n: How would you describe your photo shoots?
F: My photo shoots were so fun and relaxing! Nick made me feel so comfortable and took my input on everything!
n: What was your favorite part of your photo shoot?
F: My favorite part of the photo shoots was the fun! The sets and places we went were awesome, Nick made sure I looked amazing, and he made sure that every pose and picture we took was of my liking!
n: Some of your friends may not want to have senior photos taken, or maybe they want to have a friend take their senior photos, what would you say to them about your experience at nFocus?
F: I think having senior pictures done by a professional is the best way to go with senior pictures. Nick knows how to pose you, uses professional settings and lighting, and edits afterward to make sure you look just like you want to. Senior pictures with nFfocus is a priceless experience!
n: Your Mom and Sister were both at your shoot. Did you feel like it was important to have them there?
F: Yes! I thought having my mom and my sister at the photo shoot created memories and pictures that will last a lifetime. It is so nice to look at pictures with the two most important women in my life and know that they got to take part in such an amazing experience with me! Nick is awesome with accommodating anyone else you want at your shoots, and I'm so happy I had my mom and my sister there!
n: Were you happy with the final photos?
F: I can not even explain how much I loved the final photos! I couldn't have asked for them to turn out better! If you want amazing pictures, nFocus is the way to go.
n: Describe you senior year so far in three words…
F: If I had to describe my senior year in 3 words it would be.. Unforgettable, Exciting, and Rewarding!
n: Where do you see yourself in 10 years?
F: I see myself in 10 years being a successful nurse or missionary! I hope to also be living on the East Coast!
n: Where would you most like to go to college?
F: I got accepted to Liberty University, and will be studying to be a nurse!
n: Who was your favorite band when you were 10?
F: My favorite band when I was 10 was the Jonas Brothers, HANDS DOWN!
n: What's something most people don't know about you?
F: Most people don't know I absolutely love reading books! My favorites are the Harry Potter series and the novel The Voice in the Wind!


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A lot of the scholarly discussion I came across about Samson Agonistes dealt with the way religious violence is either glorified or not glorified, depending on who you agree with.
No longer is Samson a member of God's chosen people who is called as a protector of a covenant people. He's not had a fatal haircut yet. (Though the one he has would likely be described by fashionistas as "near-fatal.") In fact, the only part of the narrative that has been preserved is the fact that he is ridiculously strong. These movies (yes, there are multiples) set out to accomplish one thing-- take the strongest characters from the Bible, mythology, etc. and throw them into the ring together. All the tragic and didactic aspects of Samson's story have been exterminated.
So what's worse-- religious violence or non-religious violence? At least religious violence has some sort of driving purpose, right? Obviously this film is a bit of a caricature, but I think that the mentality that created it is going strong in our society today.


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At your home a key element is how it is being cooled and heated. That means your HVAC has to be in tip top shape. If you don't take good care of it, you can expect costly repairs and miserable living conditions. A few tips have been gathered below. These tips should help you perform some of the most simple, yet mandatory maintenance on your HVAC system.
To make sure your condenser fan works properly, keep the fan blades and the coils clean. Always shut the power off before doing any work or cleaning on the unit. Also, it is important to clear the outside condenser unit from any debris that maybe trapped inside.
Clean your condenser's fan blades and coil in the spring. Turn the power off so nothing moves. Then, take off the grill and get the blades out. Clean everything with care.
When you're trying to cut your grass, don't cover a unit outside with the clippings. Instead, make sure that the grass is shooting in the opposite direction. Also do this when blowing leaves or shoveling snow.
You need to lubricate parts of your fan condenser. The port usually has either a rubber or metal cap on top of it. Your oil should be an SAE 20. This particular oil is very lightweight and it only requires about 10 drops per port.
If you can choose the place where your outdoor compressor goes, pick a spot with lots of shade. If the unit is taking in cooler air, the efficiency will be boosted since it will not need to work as hard.
Have your heating and cooling system inspected twice a year. This should be checked often for debris and malfunctions. Even if everything seems fine, check things out to find potential problems.
Condenser units for the outdoors should be shut off when it starts to get cold outside. This means that you should turn it off to prevent damage if the weather falls under 60 degrees Farenheit. This simple tip will help keep the system running efficiently for many years to come.
Double pane your windows to prevent drafts. During the summer, the use of double-pane windows will help keep the cool air locked inside of the home. It also facilitates heat retention in winter.
One way to save some money with A/C is by having a programmable thermostat installed. It changes the temperature so the system isn't in use when it's cooler outside or no one is home. Furthermore, there are a few programmable thermostats that you can control from your computer or any other web-connected device.
When you are away from home, adjust your thermostat to a money saving temperature. The house will heat up when it is turned off, but only a certain amount. Leaving it on for the entire day means that it is struggling to keep things cool, something that takes lots of energy.
Now you have a better idea of what must be done. Do not allow it to fail on you when you do not pay attention to maintaining it regularly. Use the tips from above to keep it going strong, so you don't come home one day to find your place too hot or too cold.


text: It's been quite a good month of reading for me. I've managed to read 10 books including 3 more books on my #20BooksofSummer list. I also took part in my first ever readathon, 24in48 and managed to read for a total of 6 hours. On a personal note I've started volunteering again... Continue Reading →


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A caller in any bingo event plays an important role in the game. He acts as the host who facilitates the game. However there is more to the job than just merely calling and announcing then umbers. There are traits that each caller in bingo should have. There are skills that callers in bingo must learn in order to do their responsibility well.
The job of a bingo caller is not really simple. It's not just collecting the numbers and announcing them to the participants so they can use their daubers to mark their numbers. Every caller in bingo has a unique kind of personality which people will recognize. Most callers possess a good sense of humor to make the game livelier as everyone is intently concentrating on hearing the numbers well. They should also have self confidence as the facilitator of the event.
Players throughout the years developed a relationship with the caller. Some hate them while others enjoy the way they conduct the game. Many people have issues with the callers based on trust. Others revere their jobs as the people in authority to increase the pace of the game. There are reported incidents of some players behaving badly towards the callers. Even if there issues against bingo callers they still have the right authority to make decisions in the event. If a bingo caller is good he will always earn the respect of the participants. There are certain qualities that a person should have to become a good bingo caller.
1. Don't be in a hurry. Calling the numbers does not need to be done in a fast way. It is important that callers take all the time they need before announcing numbers. Callers need to be sure of the number before finally saying it because once it has been announced then it becomes official.
2. Take the cue from the people. Check how fast people look at you and how they need time to find the number. Being a fast caller is not really important since there is little room for errors in bingo calling.
3. In a game with huge jackpots trusting bingo callers can be a problem. It is necessary that callers establish trust with the players. If two number that follow each other gets picked just act like the rest of audience and be disappointed as well.
4. Bingo callers can use nicknames for the numbers. However if you are planning to be a bingo caller at this time you should try to think of another nickname for the numbers. If you use the old nicknames people will only find your calling boring since they have heard it all before.
Finally the important thing in bingo calling is to be comfortable with your own style. Try not to imitate other callers. Be sure to earn the respect of the people and enjoy the game like they do.
Copyright © 2008 Green Card Bingo All Rights Reserved


text: New Smart Edge self-adhesive edge allow you to create a thin border finish. Whether you have already installed, or you plan to install peel and stick Smart Tiles, Smart Edge finishing increase the aesthetics of your decor. Both Smart Edge models (amber and silver) will look great on your tiles' colors. In addition, conceived with the same technique as the Smart Tiles, the self-adhesive Smart Edge can be handled, cut and positioned easily. The installation is quick and simple.Smart Edge, the Smart Tiles accessory everyone needs.


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Homogeneous quasimorphism
From Groupprops
Suppose is a group. A homogeneous quasimorphism on is a quasimorphism on that is also a 1-homomorphism of groups. Explicitly, a function is termed a homogeneous quasimorphism (sometimes abbreviated as hqm) if and only if it satisfies both these conditions:
- The quasimorphism condition: There exists a positive real number such that for all . Note that depends on but not on the choice of or . The smallest value of that works is termed the defect of and is denoted .
- The 1-homomorphism of groups condition: For any and , we have .
- Given any quasimorphism, we can construct a homogeneous quasimorphism from it called its homogenization. For a quasimorphism , the homogenization is defined as .
- The collection of homogeneous quasimorphisms on a group is a vector space with pointwise addition and scalar multiplication of functions. This vector space is denoted . The collection of all quasimorphisms (including the non-homogeneous ones) is a bigger normed vector space, and is denoted .
- The quotient space is a Banach space with the defect being the norm.


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The Teskey Brothers for being honoured at tonight's ARIA Awards, winning Best Group, Best Blues & Roots Album and Engineer of the Year!
The event also saw the band perform 'Rain', lifted from The Teskey Brother's second and celebrated album on the night, Run Home Slow.
The other big winner was pop artist Tones and I, who won 4 ARIA Awards, including Best Female Artist, Best Pop Release, Breakthrough Artist presented by PPCA and Best Independent Release.
Other ARIA winners included Paul Kelly for Best Adult Contemporary Album (Nature) and Best Classical Album (with James Ledger), Kate Ceberano and Paul Grabowsky (Best Jazz Album, Tryst) and the Melbourne Ska Orchestra (Best World Music Album, One Year of Ska).
For a full list of winners go here: ARIA AWARDS
The ARIA Awards top off what has been a huge year for the Teskey Brothers. Last week Run Home Slow was also nominated for a Recording Academy Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical! The category recognises Paul Butler & Sam Teskey as the album engineers along with Joe Carra as mastering engineer.
The Grammy nomination announcement followed four Music Victoria Award wins – including the Premier's Prize for Best Victorian Album, Best Band, Best Song ('So Caught Up') and Best Regional/Outer Suburban Act.
Run Home Slow debuted at #2 on the ARIA Album chart in August and stayed in the top 7 for four consecutive weeks. The release week also saw Run Home Slow and their debut, Half Mile Harvest sit at #1 and #2 respectively on the iTunes Album Chart.
The Warrandyte four-piece have just a handful of shows left of their completely sold out, 16-date Australian tour of Run Home Slow. This tour follows on from a huge UK and Nth American run, which included a performance of 'So Caught Up' on Jimmy Kimmel Live.
Album Of The Year:
Dean Lewis – A Place We Knew (Island Records Australia/Universal Music Australia)
Best Male Artist:
Dean Lewis – A Place We Knew (Island Records Australia/Universal Music Australia)
Best Female Artist:
Tones And I – Dance Monkey (Bad Batch Records/Sony Music)
Best Group:
The Teskey Brothers – Run Home Slow (Ivy League Records)
Breakthrough Artist presented by PPCA:
Tones And I – Dance Monkey (Bad Batch Records/Sony Music)
Best Pop Release:
Tones And I – Dance Monkey (Bad Batch Records/Sony Music)
Best Soul/R&B Release:
Kaiit – Miss Shiney (Alt. Music Group/Ditto Music)
Best Independent Release:
Tones And I – The Kids Are Coming (Bad Batch Records/Sony Music)
Best Rock Album:
Amyl and The Sniffers – Amyl and The Sniffers (Flightless Records)
Best Adult Contemporary Album:
Paul Kelly – Nature (EMI Music Australia)
Best Country Album:
Morgan Evans – Things That We Drink To (Warner Music Nashville)
Best Hard Rock/Heavy Metal Album:
Northlane – Alien (UNFD)
Best Blues & Roots Album:
The Teskey Brothers – Run Home Slow (Ivy League Records)
Best Children's Album:
Dan Sultan – Nali & Friends (ABC Music/Universal Music Australia)
Best Comedy Release:
Arj Barker – Organic (Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment)
Best Cover Art:
Emilie Pfitzner for Thelma Plum – Better In Blak (Warner Music Australia Pty Ltd)
Engineer Of The Year:
Sam Teskey for The Teskey Brothers – Run Home Slow (Ivy League Records)
Producer Of The Year
Dann Hume for Matt Corby – Rainbow Valley (Matt Corby/Island Records Australia/Universal Music Australia)
Best Classical Album:
Paul Kelly, James Ledger – Thirteen Ways To Look At Birds (Decca Australia/Universal Music Australia)
Best Jazz Album:
Kate Ceberano and Paul Grabowsky – TRYST (ABC Music/Universal Music Australia)
Best Original Soundtrack or Musical Theatre Cast Album:
Various Artists – The Recording Studio (Music From The TV Series) (ABC Music/Universal Music Australia)
Best World Music Album
Melbourne Ska Orchestra – One Year Of Ska (ABC Music/Universal Music Australia)


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Have you ever puzzled why your images appear to be too common or unattractive? I now find it applicable to attract attention to the fact that I have now reached a stage where I've successfully lived with my eye defects for longer than the working lifetime of many eye consultants. As a pretest see if she is ready to see issues clearly when she holds them close to her glasses.
Principally, the digicam works pretty much like the attention, it makes use of the lens to focus the lights on the sensor. It is not attainable to put human imaginative and prescient in opposition to cameras since it might be an unfair battle, however you may quantify the differences and similarities, give or take.
After trying through a number of, we are able to shortly acknowledge how the composition attracts us into the pictures, how nicely it's lit, and the way you instantly know what to look for. Find a focus and a function in your image: Whether it is one topic specifically, try to exclude distracting components from the background.
Thus far, the digicam itself is a device for capturing pictures, which later need the human contact with a purpose to full them in the direction of our liking. The other factor I try this works rather well is shoot on an EyeFi Pro card I have my Asus Transformer Prime hooked as much as it and sitting in my digital camera bag as I shoot.
This manner you all the time learn one thing new although when the work was not good enough that you want to share. The diopter allows you to change the main focus of the viewfinder so it matches your eyesight, effectively making the viewfinder like your eyeglasses.


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Our newsletter on rice market strategies covers all US rice markets and puts them into a global context. We cover both long and medium grain markets in the South and California. We provide weekly strategy for both sides of the rice marketing chain, buyers and sellers. We back our analysis with complete reviews of all milled and rough rice markets in the Western Hemisphere and Asia. We place your local cash price and Chicago rice futures into a live world context. All global rice trends begin with the rice the farmer grows. If it will impact your local market, we are on it on your behalf. Take a look at what we do.Sample Report
Firstgrain Newsletter Subscriptions
The Rice Market Strategist
The Rice Market Strategist
Medium Grain Edition
Medium Grain Edition
If your interest is only in medium grain rice, we serve that market as well with this service. If an event or trend has to do with medium grain rice, we are on it whether it is in Australia, the Mediterranean, California or the South. We watch the medium grain price relative to all buyers and sellers each week on your behalf. Take a look at what we do.Sample Report


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France-based EDF Energies Nouvelles has agreed to acquire a 67.2% stake in onshore wind energy firm Futuren.
Futuren is an independent wind power producer headquartered in Paris, France. The company primarily operates in Germany, France, Morocco and Italy.
The company has over 188MW in projects to date and operating facilities that account for 389MW in gross capacity and 357MW in capacity under management for third parties.
The deal is subject to approval by the German regulatory authority, Bundeskartellamt.
Once the approval is secured, EDF Energies Nouvelles will acquire about 61.6% of Futuren's ordinary shares at a price of €1.15 per share and 96% of its convertible bonds at an ex coupon price of €9.37 per unit.
EDF stated that it will submit a simple public tender offer to the Financial Markets Authority (AMF) for all Futuren's shares and convertible bonds that it does not already own.
The board of Futuren claimed that the stake acquisition by EDF is in the best interest of the company, its shareholders, bondholders and as well as its employees.
EDF Group's Renewable Energies senior executive vice president Antoine Cahuzac said: "We are delighted that Futuren's Board of Directors has unanimously decided to support our offer in view of its quality and of its project. The coherence between EDF Energies Nouvelles' and Futuren's activities will help to strengthen EDF Group's major strategic goals in renewable energy."
Futuren's CEO Fady Khallouf said: "Following the significant transformation implemented over the past six years, Futuren has become a major integrated and profitable industrial operator. The offer, made by EDF Energies Nouvelles, a specialist in renewable energies with a long-term vision, fully acknowledges this success while foreseeing the growth momentum already built up."
Image: EDF Energies Nouvelles to acquire stake in Futuren. Photo: Courtesy of nicholas cosens/FreeImages.com.


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The average person has 350 Facebook friends, 200 LinkedIn connections, and follows 100 on Twitter.
(Depending on your source those figures go up and down so consider them a ballpark and not an absolute fact.)
What is the history between you and each of them?
If you reach out and ask for help with something, do they know you well enough to follow-through without asking questions?
Walt Disney once said, "Do what you do so well that people can't resist telling others about you."
Just because you're connected to someone else — whether on Facebook, Twitter, or some other social networking site — doesn't mean the other person knows you. It doesn't mean you know them.
Think about that the next time you say yes to an invitation request. Consider writing a short note to say hi the next time their name pops on your screen.


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Dark humor abounds in this macabre tale about an argument gone wrong and its aftermath.
Filmmaker Saman Hosseinpuor's makes a powerful statement in this film about what is important in life, and how we as adults can lose site of this.
A reluctant killer (played by Persian hunk
Arshia Zeinali), can't seem to stop killing. Beautifully shot and filmed, another one of many great films coming out of Iran.