text:
With few exceptions, until recently ERP systems have been rigid, inflexible systems of record for most manufacturers. While necessary for all but the smallest manufacturers, these systems were not exactly designed for flexibility or rapid adjustments, nor have they been able to handle the specific processes that make each manufacturer unique.
But that's changing.
The rapid evolution of business needs and technology thanks to the cloud, mobility, the Internet of Things and cheap sensors has put pressure on ERP makers to make their systems more flexible, adaptable, and easier to use for manufacturers.
"Manufacturers are looking to ERP systems to provide insights into how they can excel at product quality," says Louis Columbus, a principal at ERP provider, IQMS. "They also want to have the flexibility of taking on production runs with short lead times in response to their customers' needs. These factors and more are making 2018 a pivotal year for manufacturing ERP systems."
Here are five of the biggest ways that manufacturing ERP is changing right now.
1. Increased Flexibility
Customers are demanding more of their manufacturers. A recent IQMS survey found that 56 percent of manufacturers say their customers frequently ask for short-notice production capabilities as a value-added service. This requires more flexibility, of course, so manufacturing ERP solutions are evolving to accommodate greater flexibility.
"Manufacturers want their ERP systems to flex and support shorter lead times and provide the ability to adjust schedules and incorporate design changes rapidly," notes Columbus. "They want to be more competitive in how they control their time, production resources and optimize their performance against constraints."
ERP systems are therefore making precise scheduling easier, and areas such as better inventory accuracy and forecasting. They also now more frequently support mixed mode manufacturing so shop floors can easily run in more than one mode at the same time.
2. Less Best of Breed
The second change in manufacturing ERP is the trend toward all-in-one ERP solutions for manufacturers that come with all the needed functionality by default.
Instead of cobbling together several software solutions and plugins to meet a business' needs, says Douglas Johnson, vice president of product management for ERP maker, Acumatica, manufacturers are now getting all they need from single, integrated solutions.
Much of this change is due to the move from on-premise ERP solutions to those hosted in the cloud. By having ERP in the cloud, ERP vendors have been able to more easily build out complete solutions or provide connectivity that helps manufacturers get all their needs met through a single solution.
3. More Process Monitoring
Manufacturers are relying on production and process monitoring more in 2018, and ERP systems are now facilitating this monitoring by including more real-time reporting and integration with connected devices on shop floors. Drag-and-drop dashboard creation also is making it possible for production line workers to interface directly with ERP systems for monitoring and real-time input.
"The majority of manufacturers are using production and process monitoring to tighten up lead times and improve production workflows," notes Columbus at IQMS. "There's also interest in the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors being used to accomplish this across shop floors, with early adopters often integrating the data captured with real-time dashboards of machine-level, production line and production center operations."
4. Added System Openness
Whereas ERP integration used to be fragile and complex, application programmer interfaces and the move to the cloud have now made manufacturing ERP systems much more open and connected. This openness includes not only better integration with other systems and manufacturing devices, but also system access for a much larger segment of a manufacturer's workforce.
"Manufacturing ERP is becoming more open in its ability to be accessed through the cloud and in the integration of data from other software, outside networks or the Internet of Things," notes Nick Castellina, director of industry and strategy solutions for ERP maker, Infor.
Multiple improvements combine to give manufacturers much greater insight and control, adds Johnson at Acumatica.
"The real-time nature of modern systems allows everybody to view real-time dashboards and analytics," he says, which is a big change over manufacturing ERP systems of old.
5. Better Analytics
Speaking of analytics, manufacturing ERP systems are getting much better at making sense of the data generated during the manufacturing process.
"Manufacturers are turning to analytics and business intelligence tools to aggregate, analyze and act on insights gained from the years (and in many cases decades) of data they have captured," says Columbus.
Advanced quality management metrics including overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) are gaining in popularity and use throughout manufacturing today as a result of analytics and BI tools becoming more advanced in their data aggregated, analysis and reporting features, according to Columbus.
ERP systems also are starting to include artificial intelligence capabilities that can help manufacturers not only spot trends in production, inventory and worker productivity, but also adjust to them automatically.
Overall, the recent changes have all the makings of a golden age for manufacturing ERP. What once were inflexible, clunky systems of record are quickly becoming flexible, user-accessible tools for managing all aspects of the manufacturing process and making adjustments in real-time.


text:
Home > Law > Law School Journals > Law Review > Vol. 34 > Iss. 1 (2000)
Volume 34, Issue 1 (2000)
Prefatory Matter
A Dynamic, New Age of Political Participation
James S. Gilmore III
Nuremberg in America: Litigating the Holocaust in United States Courts
Michael J. Bazyler
Change and Continuity on the Supreme Court: Conversations with Justice Harry A. Blackmun
Philippa Strum
The Practice of Pediatrics in Pedagogy? The Costly Combination in Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F.
Jennifer L. Barnes

subset: commoncrawl


text:
MLS Number: 100845
Property Type: Single Family 5+ Acres
List Price: $2,495,000
Street Number: 456
Address: McCullough Ranch Rd
City: Kerrville
State: TX
Zip Code: 78028
Subdivision: None
Elementary School-Buyer to Verify: Starkey
Bedrooms: 4
Full Baths: 3
Half Bath: 1
Apx Acreage: 82.44
Lot Size: 82.44
Gas Supplier: Propane
Sewer Supplier: Septic
Electric Supplier: CTEC
Garbage Supplier: Private
Water Supplier: Well
HOA: No
Manufctrd Hsg Permitted: No
Master Bedrm on Main: Yes
Guest House: Yes
Office Level:
Office Dimensions:
Workshop Level:
Workshop Dimensions:
Other Room Name:
Other Room Level:
Other Room Dimensions:
Other Room 2 Name:
Other Room 2 Level:
Other Room 2 Dimensions:
Living Room Level:
Living Room Dimensions:
Dining Room Level:
Dining Room Dimensions:
Kitchen Level:
Kitchen Dimensions:
Great Room Level:
Great Room Dimensions:
Utility/Laundry Level:
Utility/Laundry Dimensions:
Den Level:
Den Dimensions:
Master Bedroom Level:
Master Bedroom Dimensions:
Bedroom 2 Level:
Bedroom 2 Dimensions:
Bedroom 3 Level:
Bedroom 3 Dimensions:
Bedroom 4 Level:
Bedroom 4 Dimensions:
Style: Hill Country
# Stories: Other-See Remarks
Construction/Exterior: Rock
Roof: Metal
Foundation: Slab
Floors: Carpet, Tile
Heat: Gas, Heat Pump
Air Conditioning: Zoned, Central
Water: Well
Water Heater: Gas, Propane
Other Utilities: Other, Electricity Connected, Garbage Service-Private
Fireplace: In Great Room, Woodburning Fireplace
Appliances: Dishwasher, Refrigerator, Cooktop - Electric, Double Oven, Self-Cleaning Oven, Water Softener-Owned
Rooms/Buildings: Breakfast Area, Detached Guest House, Large Master Bedroom, Workshop, Office, Dining Room, Kitchen Bar, Barn/Stable
Laundry: Room, Main Level
Interior Features: High Ceilings, Walk-in Closet(s), Wet Bar
Exterior Features: Deck/Patio, Pool, Other-See Remarks, Double Pane Windows, Porch-Covered, Hot Tub/Spa
Garage/Carport: 3+ Car Carport, RV Storage, Other-See Remarks
Water Features/Location: Seasonal, Water On Property, Other-See Remarks
Topo/Land Desc: Ag Exempt, Hunting Permitted, Partially Wooded, Ranch
Access: County Road
Listing Office: Meek Real Estate (#:1036)
Listing Agent: Marshall Burford (#:618)
Remarks: 82.44 acres located less than 10 minutes from Kerrville and an hour from San Antonio, perched atop one of the highest elevations in Kerr County creating magnificent views of the typical Hill Country terrain. While the majority of the ranch is manicured, it retains its wild spirit. Several natural springs with numerous dam building sites meander through the canyon and provide water for the abundant Whitetail deer, Turkey and Dove. The 4, 150 sq. ft. custom-built rock home boasts 4 bedrooms and 3.5 baths strategically arranged to enhance the open concept design. The soaring ceilings, whitewashed pine walls, neutral color palette and abundant light create an airy environment with solid focal points like the custom chandeliers, massive rock fireplace and natural architectural features of rock and wood interspersed throughout. The ultimate destination for outdoor entertaining is just steps away. The combination of a self-cleaning blue lagoon pool, Jacuzzi and 26 x 26 cabana with an outdoor kitchen, full bath, rock fireplace, huge barbecue pit, cozy fire pit, surround sound stereo system and stunning vistas guarantee that every gathering will be memorable.
Additional Remarks:
Apx Total SqFt: 4150


text:
|"Wildstorm Rising"
Cover of Wildstorm Rising (1996), trade paperback collected edition.Art by Barry Windsor-Smith.
|Wildstorm Comics
|Publication date
|May – Jun 1995
|Main character(s)
|WildC.A.T.s, Stormwatch
|Collected editions
|Wildstorm Rising
Wildstorm Rising was a crossover event published by Image Comics/WildStorm that involved the entire line of titles published by WildStorm in 1995.
Publication history
The 10-part crossover was published as a two-issue comic book limited series Wildstorm Rising that served as bookends of the story arc (cover dated May 1995-June 1995) while also running through these specific WildStorm titles. The chapters are as following:
- Prologue: Team 7: Objective: Hell (Team 7 vol. 2) #1
- Chapter 1: Wildstorm Rising #1
- Chapter 2: WildC.A.T.s vol.1, #20
- Chapter 3: Union vol.2, #4
- Chapter 4: Gen¹³ vol.2, #2
- Chapter 5: Grifter vol.1, #1
- Chapter 6: Deathblow vol.1, #16
- Chapter 7: Wetworks #8
- Chapter 8: Backlash #8
- Chapter 9: Stormwatch vol.1, #22
- Chapter 10: Wildstorm Rising #2
Various comic book writers and artists who worked on this crossover event included: Jim Lee, Travis Charest, Ron Marz, Kevin Maguire and Barry Windsor-Smith (who co-wrote & illustrated Wildstorm Rising # 1, and illustrated all of the covers to tie-in issues).
Windsor-Smith later said that he was talked into illustrating Wildstorm Rising, and regretted participating it. He related that in reading the story and illustrating it, he could not understand the motivations of any of the characters, even when he read earlier Wildstorm books featuring the characters. He says he "mucked with the plot awfully" in order to improve it and his enthusiasm for it, saying, "After intense thinking, I realized what I was doing wrong: I was looking for characters! I know this sounds really glib as if I'm trying to build up to a funny line. But I'm really not. That was my problem: I was looking for characterization, and there was none. 'There is no characterization! That's what you're doing wrong here, Barry!' They're all ciphers! Windsor-Smith later learned that writer James Robinson was not pleased with Windsor-Smith's alterations to the plot.[1]
Stormwatch and WildC.A.T.S teams end up at odds but have to stop fighting long enough to stop Helspont and Defile from collecting all the keys to unlock the daemonite ship which could destroy Earth, ship buried on Earth since centuries.
This crossover was later collected as the trade paperback Wildstorm Rising (272 pages, Image Comics, December 1998, ISBN 1-887279-23-7, WildStorm, June 1996, ISBN 1-56389-588-9)
- ↑ Groth, Gary (September 1996). "The Barry Windsor-Smith Interview". The Comics Journal #190. Retrieved July 28, 2013.
External links
- Wildstorm Rising at the Comic Book DB


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If there were a handbook on "how to be a legislator" in the 1st District, Kevan Abrahams would be the one to write it. He has paid his dues and taken the time to understand the community's needs. After 16 years in the Legislature, he remains an effective lawmaker, and that is why we endorse him over his opponent, Republican newcomer Cherice Vanderhall.
Abrahams approaches issues locally and countywide. On a district level, he has worked hard to ensure that key infrastructure is rebuilt, in particular the Grand Avenue Complete Streets Program that includes a portion of Merrick Road. He has also focused on park rehabilitation in the district, including securing $2.3 million for Centennial Park in Roosevelt, and plans to rehabilitate other parks.
On a county level, Abrahams is working on a contractor fraud bill that would require construction companies and workers to obtain licenses before doing any work in Nassau County. The bill, he said, is just plain common sense, particularly after the high numbers of contractors who ripped off many Hurricane Sandy victims. Fourth District Legislator Denise Ford, a Republican from Long Beach, co-sponsored the bill.
Both Abrahams and Vanderhall agreed that the Nassau County Hub should benefit surrounding communities. By investing locally, jobs are created, and both said construction jobs should provide salaries that enable workers to live here.
While Vanderhall was knowledgeable about district and county issues, Abrahams demonstrated greater understanding. Vanderhall should consider running for public office again, but not against Abrahams.
Voters should choose Abrahams when voting.


text: Jackson Memorial High School's first Career and Technical Services Organization began in 1968 and is gearing up to celebrate it's 50th year as Memorial's Future Business Leaders of America. Check in often and spread the word to former members and officers-We're planning a big celebration for the Spring of 2018! Join us or help plan! Contact email@example.com


text: Ginny is a selection librarian in the Access Services division of San Mateo County Libraries in Northern California. She oversees e-resources (from ebooks to reference databases!) and helps train staff and patrons on how to use them. Previously, she worked at TechSoup where she managed the public library program. She is passionate about helping people better use library technology and YA e-audiobooks.


text:
Heartwood Hollow
Be Still - Wall Plaque by Heartwood Hollow
- 18750
- Availability:
- Please allow 2-3 weeks for order & delivery; US SHIPPING ONLY (Continental) - Call for shipping to Canada
- Gift wrapping:
- Options available
- Shipping:
- $12.00 (Fixed Shipping Cost)
"Be still and know that I am God"
Full-color artwork that adds beauty and inspiration to your home! Excellent quality and vibrant depth of picture. Our plaques are made to order in our shop using 3/4" pine MDF (30% lighter to save on shipping) and finished with a black foil edge to create a smooth, easy-to-clean edge. The backs are keyholed for easy hanging.
Each plaque is carefully made to order. Please allow 2-3 weeks for creation and delivery.


text:
Doriana Zohil, president of MAC Furnished Residences, followed a lifelong passion for real estate to a venture that provides luxury condo units for short-term rentals.
It was a risk that paid off, to her delight. Her business plan was, "Planting a seed of one condominium at a time and watching it grow and flourish to 75 and growing." Once it took off, she was able to recreate the business in the Caribbean, opening luxury villas in St. Maarten, Anguilla and St. Barts.
Zohil's career has allowed her to combine her great loves: real estate, Toronto and the Caribbean. Of Toronto she says, "I am very proud of my adopted country Canada, in particular Toronto, I love showing it off when assisting Guests that are settling in to their new environment." She then took the model that worked so well here and relocated it to the Caribbean. "It was a perfect fit," she says.
Part of her success can be traced the company's philosophy, which is "based on personalizing each Client's requests." MAC staff members will help with any of the clients' travel needs every step of the way.
"From the time we 'meet and greet' every arriving Guest, to making them feel like they're right at home, it's not just business for us, it's personal!"
And her guests appreciate her efforts. "I love it when our Guests say they don't want to go back home, they want to stay with us at MAC," she says.
MAC is named after her daughters, Maggie and Cristina, and they seem poised to follow in their mother's footsteps. This is a good thing, as Doriana is set to grow the business even further.
Perhaps shockingly, given the rate at which her business is expanding, Doriana believes, "Don't rush things, good things will come to you when you're ready for it and able to handle it."
Click here to view the article.


text: Johannesburg - South Africa's trophy hunting industry said Thursday it "distanced" itself from hunts of half-tame lions in confined spaces, disowning a practice which has sparked worldwide outrage.The Professional Hunters' Association of South Africa (PHASA) said the majority of its members had voted to "distance the association from captive-bred lion-hunting" until lion breeders "could prove the conservation value of this practice."READ: Hunting industry told to clean up its act after protected lion killed in shock 'legal hunt'South Africa is one of the continent's main markets for trophy hunting, with foreign - mainly US - hunters spending about 1 billion rand (70 million dollars) and exporting more than 40 000 trophies in 2013, according to PHASA.READ: Blood Lions: 6 Harsh truths about canned lion huntingNearly all of the approximately 800 lions hunted in 2013 had been bred in captivity. Animal rights activists say most of the hunts are so-called canned hunts, carried out in a small space where the animal cannot escape.The hunting of half-tame lions has come under increasing criticism with the recent release of the documentary Blood Lions and the killing of the GPS-collared lion Cecil in neighbouring Zimbabwe in July.Activists say breeding lions does not help to preserve the species, because lions raised in captive conditions cannot fend for themselves and cannot be released into the wild. share: Trending on Traveller24 {{item.title}}


text:
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FREE DELIVERYto Mainland UK on orders over £20
RETURNS 365Wrong size or colour? No problem
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Allen 134 Acetal open based and bullseye rope fairlead. Commonly used on the bow.
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© Copyright 2020 Rooster Sailing


text:
written by Ronny Marie Tucker, photographed by Hunter Henkel
When it comes to abdominals, everybody has a six pack. But the question is, can you see it? Spending hour after hour on crunches and sit-ups will not show the world your abdominal muscles. Crunches and sit-ups define abs while proper diet and cardio reveal them. A low-calorie diet combined with 3-5 days of cardio will put you on the path to a flatter stomach. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends no less than 1200 calories per day, and 20-60 minutes of continuous cardiovascular activity 3-5 days a week. Adding strength exercises or a weight lifting routine at least twice a week will also help with weight loss as muscle burns calories all day long. The more calories you burn, the more weight you will lose.
Define your abdominals daily with this four minute routine!
[To read this full article, go to our free electronic edition, UVW Digital]


text:
Archive for November 2011
My Favorite Holiday
Like many people I talk with Thanksgiving is my favorite holiday. There are lots of reasons. It's simple (except for my wife who spends days preparing for the mad consumption moment). There are no presents. Just family, friends, and food. How could you not love that? One thing I've been thinking about a lot lately…Read More


text:
TAFE (Technical and Further Education) centre Central Institute of Technology have built western Australia's first Green Building Council of Australia (GBCA) six star-rated public GreenSkills building.
The aforementioned building in Perth is a teaching facility for students very much affiliated with the green credentials of the space itself, environmental monitoring and technology students.
Building Information Modelling was utilised to increase the efficiency of the building, which according to Science Network Western Australia, is "not only energy and water efficient, but has lower operating costs".
"The advantage to using this technology [BIM] is that the efficiency of a building can be determined prior to construction and architects/engineers have the opportunity to incorporate improvements and changes to the design to achieve the best possible outcome," explained Ann Bona, Central TAFE GreenSkills Centre Facilities Manager.
The building, built by Woodhead with AECOM acting as consultants, will allow students to also learn about the BIM process in an upcoming course.
For more news relating to this story, follow this link.
RELATED: Danish firm spearheading efficient green projects in Indonesia


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Visitors to Newham Grange Leisure Farm can hand-milk a cow as part of family activities during the half-term holiday next week .
People are invited to help plant a new hedge for a wildlife habitat at the Coulby Newham site from 10am to noon on Sunday.
A "clippy mat" demonstration will take place from 11am to 3pm on Monday, and a bird nesting box workshop takes place on Tuesday, costing £2 and starting at 1pm.
Visitors can milk a pedigree Jersey cow between 11am and 3pm on Wednesday, and a class to make felt pictures is on Thursday from 11am, costing 50p.
On Friday, from 11am to 3pm, people will be making hanging bird feeders. The workshop costs 50p.


text:
Product Information
Art. 124-96 Cabinet Pull Handle
96mm Centres. 141mm Overall.
High-quality brass based material
Hand-made & finished in Belgium
Available in up to 15 finish variants
Estimated 5-week lead time
Return & Refund Policy
On all our products, we provide a 28 day return policy. Items cannot returned after 28 days.
Shipping Info
All products will be shipped within 24 hours after the order is accepted.
Estimated Delivery: 3-5 business days.


text:
Day Break Dress
Love the Rocky Mtn Soap Co Capri design? Now you can rock it as a dress!
If you've been looking for mountains on your dresses, your search has ended. Or, as one customer said, "I didn't know I wanted this until I saw it!"
Enjoy this quick drying dress for adventurous days. Big walks on warm days are no sweat with this breathable synthetic, and you'll feel ready for patio time without even changing!
Sizes listed below do fit snugly. If you wear a Scarlett in the leggings, go with Scarlett or Anna in the dress. Sizes in this case indicate maximums.
Charlotte: 32in Bust / 24in Waist / 35in Hip
Lyra: 34in Bust / 26in Waist / 37in Hip
Scarlett: 37in Bust / 28in Waist / 39in Hip
Anna: 40in Bust/ 31in Waist / 42in Hip


text:
Article Description:
10 Common Blogging Fails to Acknowledge and Avoid
To be sure, low-quality content is a waste of time. If you can't provide a unique perspective with value, don't bother.
In order to figure out how to create quality content that accomplishes your specific goals, it helps to know what not to do.


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The hype around Black Friday sees customers panic-buying before Christmas but new study shows that stores might be fooling shoppers with dodgy deals.
This year the annual shopping experience falls on Friday, November 29.
Several brands at Westgate Oxford will drop their prices on the day and offers this year include up to 50 percent off at John Lewis, up to 60 percent off at Trespass and up to 50 percent off at Ann Summers.
Other major brands that are advertising their offers are the newly-opened clothing brand Phase Eight, Calvin Klein, Too Faced, GANT, Tommy Hilfiger and Aveda.
However, research by independent charity, Which?, investigated popular tech, home and personal care products and found that 95 percent of Black Friday deals were sold for the same price or even cheaper half a year later.
Which? tracked the prices of 83 products on offer in 2018's Black Friday deals across the year - for six months before the shopping day and six months after.
The charity urged customers to be careful before getting caught on money-saving offers.
Shoppers are advised to check prices of discounted merchandise across multiple shops, price history and look out for signs detailing the offer.
Further guidance asks people to be wary of 'was prices' as some retailers inflate their prices in advance in order to make the sale seem misleadingly tempting.


text:
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- Loose stacked-weave design increases surface area on spill. Mat starts wicking on contact to save time in critical situations. Works equally well on land or water it even floats when fully saturated.
Absorbs Oily Liquids Repels Water:
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High Sorbency Keeps Mat on the Job Longer:
- Large-diameter MeltBlown polypropylene fibers are randomly assembled to create a lofty Mat that absorbs up to 42.8 oz. per 15" x 19" HeavyWeight Pad.
Bright White Color Makes it Easy to See When Mat is Completely Saturated:
- Oily grunge cant hide on bright White MeltBlown Mat. Makes it easy to see when its fully saturated you save money by not throwing it away too soon.
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- WP100H - HeavyWeight Pads - 15"x19" - 100/bale - Absorbs 33.4 gal.
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text:
Research Article | Open Access
Huey-Jine Chai, Jing-Hua Li, Han-Ning Huang, Tsung-Lin Li, Yi-Lin Chan, Chyuan-Yuan Shiau, Chang-Jer Wu, "Effects of Sizes and Conformations of Fish-Scale Collagen Peptides on Facial Skin Qualities and Transdermal Penetration Efficiency", BioMed Research International, vol. 2010, Article ID 757301, 9 pages, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/757301
Effects of Sizes and Conformations of Fish-Scale Collagen Peptides on Facial Skin Qualities and Transdermal Penetration Efficiency
Fish-scale collagen peptides (FSCPs) were prepared using a given combination of proteases to hydrolyze tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) scales. FSCPs were determined to stimulate fibroblast cells proliferation and procollagen synthesis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The transdermal penetration capabilities of the fractionationed FSCPs were evaluated using the Franz-type diffusion cell model. The heavier FSCPs, 3500 and 4500 Da, showed higher cumulative penetration capability as opposed to the lighter FSCPs, 2000 and 1300 Da. In addition, the heavier seemed to preserve favorable coiled structures comparing to the lighter that presents mainly as linear under confocal scanning laser microscopy. FSCPs, particularly the heavier, were concluded to efficiently penetrate stratum corneum to epidermis and dermis, activate fibroblasts, and accelerate collagen synthesis. The heavier outweighs the lighter in transdermal penetration likely as a result of preserving the given desired structure feature.
1. Introduction
Collagens are the major structural element of connective tissues in vertebrate, comprising 30% or so of total protein. They also exist in the interstitial tissues of virtually all parenchymal organs, wherein they stabilize organs and keep them in good shapes [1]. To date, over 20 types of collagens have been identified, and they were otherwise divided into three groups, fibrous collagen, fibril associated collagen, and basement membrane collagen [1–3]. Skin, the largest organ in human body protects the body from varied external insults. It is composed of three layers, namely the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layer. Each layer provides some extents of physical strength and flexibility in concert with other physiological functions [4]. The dermis contains considerable amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagens and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) produced mainly by fibroblasts. Collagen type I [5] known to maintain the integral of the dermis is the most abundant collagen in human body. Aging skin is admittedly related to the reduction of collagen type I [6].
Collagen has been widely processed as products in food, cosmetic, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. Oral consumption of collagen peptides may provide some beneficial effects for the body. For examples, collagen peptides as a food supplement may improve low bone mineral density in people in malnutrition and people suffering degenerative joint diseases [7–9]. Reports also indicated that consumption of collagen can thicken hairs [10], improve nail disorders such as brittle nails [11], increase the size of collagen fibrils in Achilles tendon [12], induce fibroblast density, and enhance formation of collagen fibrils in dermis etcetera [13]. Traditionally, collagens are derived from livestock sources, such as bovine hide and bones as well as swine skin [14]. Because of the outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in recent years, collagens and collagen-derived products from such sources may have intimidated considerable users [15]. Collagens and collagen-derived products from swine sources have an additional disadvantage as religious sake in some parts of the world [16]. "Fish wastes" therefore turn out to be a good alternative. In fish processing, a large portion of wastes would generate, which typically accounts for 50%–70% of raw materials including skins, bones, scales, viscera, and heads [17]. These so-called "wastes" were difficult to handle, generally used as low-value feedstuffs or fertilizers as a whole, so that serious environmental issues arise from time to time [18]. Given 30% or so of collagen contained in these "wastes", they have drawn great attention lately [19].
The stratum corneum (SC) has been known to minimize passive water loss from the body, to ward off absorption of chemicals in the environment, and to prevent microbial invasion [19, 20]. Topical administration of cosmetics or biomedical materials on skin therefore has to overcome the stratum corneum barrier so as to reach the fibroblast cells in the dermal layer. Raw collagens derived from whatever sources without any process for either cosmetic or biomedical purposes may not have desirable effects, for instance the type I collagen proliferation. We considered factors such as molecular volume (MV) or molecular weight (MW) of collagens may play a key role on their penetration ability when administrated topically [21], of which relevant reports remained few.
In this paper, we prepared testing collagens using scale wastes of tilapia (Oreochromis sp), which is a high value-added fish in Taiwan fishery. The prepared collagens formulated into skin essence were assessed for their physiological effects on facial skin in users. In addition, we determined the levels of fibroblasts proliferation and collagen synthesis in embryonic fibroblast cell lines after being subjected to FSCP treatments. Given molecular sizes of FSCPs on transdermal efficiencies were also explored. In fact, our results showed that the transdermal penetration efficiency of FSCPs is positively correlated to given FSCPs' molecular sizes and structural features in a nude mice model.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Fish Scale Collagen Peptides (FSCPs)
Fish scale collagen peptides (FSCPs) were isolated from tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) scales (Ko-Fwu Fishes Co., Taiwan) by enzymatic hydrolysis according to our patented protocol [22]. In short, fish scales were washed to rid of impurities and then heated for 15 minutes at C to soften scales. The heated scales (200 g) were smashed into small pieces by disperser (Kinematica, NY, USA), then subjected to hydrolysis under 1% Protease N for 2.5 hours and 0.5% Flavourzyme (Novozymes, Chiba-shi, Japan) for another 0.5 hour at an optimal pH and temperature. Hydrolysates were stirred and heated in a boiling water bath for 10 min to inactivate enzymes. Then, the hydrolysates were centrifuged at 12,000 g for 20 min. The supernatants (FSCPs) were lyophilized and stored at C for use.
2.2. Moisture Contents and Relative Elasticity Assays
FSCP-based skin essences were formulated into 5%, 7%, and 10% of total FSCPs as the common basal ingredients. Sixty-two voluntary Taiwanese women (within 23 to 60 years of age) were subjected to the FSCP-based skin essence treatment on facial skin twice a day for 30 days. These test subjects were forbidden using any other cosmetic products during the test. Moisture contents and relatively elasticity of facial skins were measured every other week (at the 0, 2nd, and 4th week) by the skin probe of Cutometer MAP 580 (KOKO, Leichlingen, Germany) at 20–C and at 40%–60% relative humidity. Each measurement took place at 30 min after washing face with DI water.
2.3. Cell Proliferation and Collagen Release Assays
About 2 Detroit 551 cells (human embryonic skin fibroblast cell line, ATCC CCL-110) and STO cells (mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line, ATCC CRL-1503) were seeded into each well of a 96-well plate and maintained in eagle's minimum essential medium (EMEM) and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) plus 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA, USA), respectively. Cells were cultured overnight. The medium was refreshed with new medium containing 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mM FSCPs; cells were incubated for 48 hours before MTT and procollagen type I production assays. For MTT assay, 100 l of the MTT solution [a mixture of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and yolk lipoprotein (YLP) (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA, USA) in PBS] was added into wells and reacted for 3 hours at C. The plates were stirred for 2 min, and corresponding absorbance was recorded at 570 nm using an ELISA reader [6]. For the procollagen type I production assay, the procollagen type I C-peptide ELISA kit (Takara Bio Inc, Otsu, Japan) was used. Experimental procedures followed the manufacturer's instruction. In short, 20 l of culture medium and 100 l of the antibody-POD conjugate solution were sequentially added into microtiter plates and reacted for 3 hours at C. After 4 5 min washing with the provided washing buffer solution (400 l/well), 100 l of the substrate solution was added in. After 15 min room temperature incubation, the stop solution (100 l) was added in; corresponding absorbance was recorded at 450 nm using an ELISA reader.
2.4. Molecular Size Effects of FSCPs
The enzymatic hydrolysates from the fish scales were fractionationed into five different peptide pools, using the Millipore minitan system (Millipore, Bedford, MA) with four different molecular weight cutoff membranes (5, 3, 1, and 0.5 kDa). A 50 l aliquot of fish scale hydrolysate was loaded onto a Superdex peptide 10/300 GL (10 mm 300 mm 13 m) gel filtration column (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) and eluted with 200 mM phosphate buffer (with 0.25 M NaCl, pH 7.8) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. FSCPs were calibrated against protein standards (Bio-Rad, California, USA) of cytochrome C (Mr 12500 Da), aprotinin (Mr 6512 Da), vitamin B12 (Mr 1355 Da), and cytidine (Mr 246 Da). Average molecular weights (MW) of fractionationed FSCPs were determined to be 4500, 3500, 2000, and 1300 Da, respectively; each fraction was lyophilized for use.
2.5. FSCPs Labeled with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate
FITC-labeled FSCPs were obtained by using the Fluoro Tag FITC conjugation kit (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). The FITC-labeled FSCPs were prepared based on a conjugation reaction between the isothiocyanate group in FITC and the primary amino groups in collagen peptides [23]. In short, FSCPs solution (750 ppm, 1 mL) was rebuffered with a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). The new FSCPs solution was mixed with 0.25 mL of 0.1 M sodium carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.0) containing FITC, which was gently stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The FSCPs labeled with FITC were isolated by Sephadex G-25 column (Bio-Rad, California, USA), where phosphate saline (10 mM sodium phosphate, 27 mM KCl, 138 mM NaCl, and pH 7.4) was used as the mobile phase.
2.6. In Vivo Transdermal Delivery Efficiency of FITC-Labeled FSCPs
Six-week-old female C3H/HeN mice were anesthetized using acepromazine maleate (i.p.). Hairs covering the areas of abdomen skin were removed with a shaver. Residual hairs were removed by hair-remove-cream (Yanagiya, Japan). Mice were subjected to destratum corneum by treating mice with 10% alpha hydroxyl acids (AHAs; BIOPEUTIC, USA) for 5 minutes and cleanup for use. An aliquot of 25 g FITC-labeled FSCPs in sterile DI water (100 l) was introduced into nonwoven fabrics (cosmetics mask; Widetex Biotech Co., Taiwan). The fabric covered 1 cm2 of hairless dorsal back skin which then was topped with 1.5 cm2 transparent dressing film (Tegaderm, Neuss, Germany). The nonwoven fabric was removed after one hour. The skin tissues treated with the FITC-labeled FSCPs were embedded in O.C.T. Embedding Medium (Sakura Finetek USA, Torrance, California) and sectioned into 10 m thickness. The skin tissues were observed under fluorescence microscopy (BX-51, Olympus, Japan) equipped with a digital camera [24].
2.7. The Franz-Type Diffusion Cell Model
The procedure was modified from the method described by Kim et al. [25]. Nude mice skin was mounted on the receptor compartment of the Franz-type diffusion cell (PermeGear, HT, USA). A phosphate buffer solution (6.80 g/l potassium phosphate monobasic, 3.78 g/l sodium chloride, and 0.235 g/l sodium acid; pH 7.4) containing 750 ppm a given fraction of FSCPs was added in the tight interface, facing nude mice skin. The donor cap was filmed with a parafilm. An isotonic phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) was used as the receptor solution. The receptor solution was stirred by a magnetic follower rotating at 250 rpm (which would increase mixing efficiency and reduce tendency of forming a stagnant boundary layer next to membrane surface). Samples were performed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 24 hours. The amount of total collagen peptides from the receptor solution was measured by the BCA protein assay (Pierce, Rockford, USA).
The cumulative penetration amount (g) =
( = concentration; = initial volume; = sampling volume).
The unit area cumulative penetration amount (g/cm2) = cumulative penetration amount/the measure of area (0.66 cm2).
2.8. Transdermal Penetration Efficiency of FITC-Labeled FSCPs Determined by Confocal Spectral Microscope
Various sizes of FSCPs were labeled with FITC, which would penetrate into nude mice skins in the Franz-type diffusion cell model. The skins of nude mice treated with FITC alone served as a control. After one hour, the treated skin tissues were dissected out, embedded in O.C.T. compound and sectioned in 10 m thickness. The slides were then mounted on and treated with a blocking solution (95% ethanol and 5% acetic acid). After rinsed with PBS for 20 seconds and then rinsed with 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100% ethanol for 30 seconds, the slides were observed under a confocal spectral microscope (TCS SP5, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).
2.9. Statistical Analysis
The graphs and statistical analyses were performed using SigmaPlot and SigmaStat. The statistical analyses between groups were determined by nonparametric one-way analysis of variance (Krmskal-Wallis test) and Mann-Whitney tests. Differences were considered significant if the value was .05.
3. Results
3.1. Effects of FSCPs on Human Facial Skin Moisture Contents and Relative Elasticity
While collagen peptides have been well documented to be an ideal material in cosmetic industries [26], fish scale collagen peptides (FSCPs) as a sustainable collagen source however did not draw great attention. In this study, we examined the treating effects of FSCPs as a major component in a skin essence on the facial skin moisture contents and relative elasticity by using standard professional skin probes. The FSCP-based skin essences were first formulated into 5%, 7%, and 10% of total FSCPs as the common basal ingredients. Sixty-two voluntary Taiwanese women (within 23 to 60 years of age) were subjected to the FSCP-based skin essence treatment on facial skin twice a day for 30 days. The effects with all FSCP-based skin essences on the skin moisture contents were found improving significantly but in a time- and dose-dependent manner during the testing course (; Figure 1(a)). Likewise, the effects with all FSCP-based skin essences on the relative elasticity of facial skin were also found increasing in the same manner as for the skin moisture test by 24%, 33%, and 35%, respectively (; Figure 1(b)). Thereby, the FSCP-based skin essences did improve facial skin qualities (moisture and elasticity) in a time- and dose-dependent manner in these tested subjects.
3.2. Cell Proliferation and Collagen Release in Embryonic Skin Fibroblast Cell Lines after FSCPs Treatments
To determine whether the skin quality improving was resulted from fibroblast cells proliferation and mass collagen synthesis in dermis after the FSCPs treatment, model cells Detroit 551 (human embryonic skin fibroblast) and STO (mouse embryonic fibroblast) were chosen for the purpose stated. The cells were grown in media in the presence of various concentrations of FSCPs. On the contrary, the cells grown in media without FSCPs served as controls. Cell proliferation and procollagen release in the tested cells were determined by MTT assays and procollagen type I C-peptide ELISA assays, respectively. As shown in Figure 2(a), FSCPs (0.4–200 g/mL) can dose-dependently stimulate the cell proliferation in both fibroblast cells. Likewise, the procollagen type I synthesis was found mass produced in a concentration-dependent manner in the cells with FSCPs treatments (Figure 2(b)). The procollagen synthesis in the presence of 200 g/mL FSCPs was found most prominent and peaked as high as 250%. FSCPs thereby were determined to be able to effectively stimulate and induce fibroblast cell proliferation and collagen synthesis so as to improve the facial skin quality.
3.3. In Vivo Determination of Transdermal Delivery Efficiency Using FITC-Labeled FSCPs
As mentioned above, the stratum corneum is the outmost layer of the epidermis, which serves as a physical barrier, for instance, preventing pathogens from invasion and also limiting desired macromolecules to pass by. To evaluate whether the processed FSCPs are capable of overcoming the stratum corneum barrier, an animal model experiment was set to determine the transdermal efficiency of the prepared FSCPs. Six-week-old female C3H/HeN mice were first shaved and treated with hair-removal cream to remove residual hairs. The mice were then subjected to treatments with or without alpha hydroxyl acids (AHAs, for weakening the stratum corneum) before topical application with the nonwoven fabric that contained 25 g FITC-labeled FSCPs. The mice pretreated with 10% AHAs and topped with the nonwoven fabric containing no FITC-labeled FSCPs served as controls. These treated skins were dissected out and immediately embedded with O.C.T. in due course. Then, the samples were sectioned, mounted on glass slides, and observed under fluorescence microscopy. As shown in Figure 3, the FITC positive signals laid mainly on the area of superficial epidermis. And, the FITC positive signals in the skin pre-treated with AHA were found deeper and brighter than those without AHA treatment. The FITC positive signals were also found in the hair follicles of epidermis. Thus, the stratum corneum barrier was determined to be a key factor that influences the penetration efficiency of FSCPs in mice skin. Nonetheless, FSCPs without AHA treatment still considerably pass by the stratum corneum, which agreed with the results in the human facial skin test.
3.4. Transdermal Penetration Ability of FSCPs in Franz-Type Diffusion Cell Model
We considered factors such as molecular volume (MV) or molecular weight (MW) of collagens may play a role on their penetration capability when administrated topically. The size effect for given FSCPs was determined by employing the Franz-type diffusion cell model. Fish scale hydrolates were first subjected to gel chromatography (superdex peptide 10/300 GL columns), whereby FSCP hydrolysates were fractionationed by sizes. As shown in Figure 4(a), the eluted peptides were collected into six fractions, 6.5 KDa (3.65%), 3–6.5 KDa (16.8%), 1.5–3.0 KDa (32.0%), 0.7–1.5 KDa (29.3%). 0.35–0.7 KDa (14.6%) and <0.35 KDa (3.7%). These peptide fractions were further subjected to ultrafiltration membrane refining (5, 3, 1, and 0.5 kDa cutoff) into four refined groups I–IV (Mw 3–5, 1–3, 1–0.5, and 0.5 KDa) with average molecular weights of 4500, 3500, 2000, and 1300 Da, respectively (Figure 4(b)). These collagen peptides were corroborated by gel chromatography (Sp-Sephadex C-25 column) against standard markers. As shown in Figure 5, all groups were found to be able to penetrate the nude mice skin in the Franz-type diffusion cell model but in various extents and in a time-dependent manner. In short, groups I and II exhibited relatively better transdermal penetration ability in the first 4 hours. The highest cumulative penetration amounts for groups I and II at 24 hours were 1825.17 495.66 and 1986.43 671.11 g/cm2, respectively. In contrast, the FSCPs mixture (total FSCP hydrolates without ultrafiltration membrane refining) showed the lowest transdermal penetration capability (1010 583.34 g/cm2) (Figure 5).
3.5. Transdermal Penetration Depth and Peptide Conformation in Nude Mice Skin
To probe the penetration depth and peptide conformation for given FSCPs, each FSCPs group was first labeled with FITC and then applied to nude mice skins in the Franz-type diffusion cell model for one hour. The skin treated with given FITC-labeled FSCPs proceeded according to the same procedure described in the previous section. Interestingly, groups I (Figure 6(d)) and II (Figure 6(c)) exhibited a coil-like structure in epidermis as opposed to groups III (Figure 6(b)) and IV (Figure 6(a)) which showed less folded or in a linear form. In contrast, the mixed FSCPs did not have a defined structure (Figure 6(e)). The penetration depths for each FSCPs group were also measured by confocal spectral microscopy. The distances for groups IV–I and the mixture were 21.21, 21.44, 28.72, 27.73, and 14.58 m, respectively. The heavier FSCPs penetrated deeper than the lighter. As a result, the transdermal penetration efficiency of given FSCPs are positively correlated to FSCPs' sizes and/or conformations thereof. The folded structure seemed to help penetration, which however is an interesting issue for future study.
4. Discussion
Many reports have pointed out collagen's versatile applications, prominently for cosmetic industry [13]. Fish scale collagens appear to be an ideal collagen source as they are cheap, rich and sustainable [25, 26]. Since collagen is the key component in maintaining the elasticity of skin, diminishing collagen contents in skin would therefore result in wrinkled and flabby skins [27]. In this paper, we have demonstrated the formulated FCSP-based skin essence possesses such desirable effects as increasing skin moisture contents and relative elasticity (Figure 1). The FCSPs at 200 g/mL provided the best effects by manifesting embryonic skin fibroblast cell proliferations (Detroit 551 cells and STO cells) and procollagen synthesis. These results otherwise are reinforced by the reports of Katayama et al., wherein they demonstrated pentapeptides from type I collagen promoted extracellular matrix production in fibroblasts [28, 29].
Since the stratum corneum acts as a physical barrier for multiple purposes in skins [19, 20], it does influence the penetration efficiency of the FSCP-based skin essences as they were present mainly in the surface of epidermis. However, given FITC-labeled FSCPs still effectively passed by stratum corneum to epidermis and dermis in the mice model experiment. The reports of Potts and Guy agreed with the results, in which they proposed the diffusivity of a drug in skin is correlated to given molecular features of the drug [30, 31], although Lin et al. [32] considered the effect of lipophilicity in the passive diffusion permeability is the dominant factor other than the compound's molecular weight. In addition, Potts and Guy further proposed that the higher the molecular weights the greater the lipophilicity/permeability [30]. The better effects of the FSCPs' groups at Mw 3500 and Mw 4500 Da may possess desired sizes and effective structural features. Furthermore, collagens typically exist as a right-handed triple helix structure of Gly-X-Y helix-forming repeats in a length of 300 nm which corresponds to 1000 amino acids or so in fibril-forming collagens (I, II, III) [33–36]. Fish scale collagens are within the scope of the type I collagen [26]. The higher penetration efficiency of FSCPs at 3500 and 4500 Da may thus be attributed to the synergistic effects of high lipophilicity (adequate size) and constructive structure features.
In conclusion, the prepared FSCPs have shown to be able to effectively penetrate stratum corneum to epidermis and dermis. FSCPs at epidermis and dermis in situ can activate fibroblasts and accelerate collagen synthesis, whereby the facial skin qualities (moisture contents and relative elasticity) were significantly improved. As a consequence, the prepared FSCPs along with the formulated skin essence should hold high commercial interests and are worthy of further in-depth study for enhancing FSCPs transdermal penetration ability to a higher level.
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The Enforcers Featuring: Jahmings Maccow
The Enforcers was a South Bronx based reggae band. In the Winter/Spring of 1983 after the separation of Catch-A-Fire, Jahmings Maccow's previous band. B.T. Express Band road manager Joe met with Jahmings to discuss and arrange a meeting with Columbia Records A&R Barry at his office on 51st Street in Manhattan about recording some songs. The meeting took place sometime in late February or early March, and Barry discussed with Jahmings about recording "Fever," a song written by: Joe Tex and done by: Peggy Lee. After the meeting Joe gave Jahmings a "2" inc. tape to start the recording procedures. Jahmings took a vinyl 45 recording copy of Fever done by: Peggy Lee down to Brooklyn to his bass player & producer friend Paul Henton's appartment to take a listen. After listening to the recording several times over, Paul asked Jahmings what kind of feel or ideas he had for the song.
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The Enforcers Mini CD Release
Liquidcyber Records is due to release (Shanty Town Rock ) By: The Enforcers Featuring Jahmings Maccow on August 30, 2007. The tracks of this Mini CD was originally recorded at Quadrasonic Recording Studio, 723 7th Avenue, New York City. Overdubs, Mixing and Mastering were done at The Treefort Recording Studio by: Award Winner Producer Chris Julian in California.
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WriterAccess gives you the opportunity to work on your own time as a freelancer, but is this actually a good place to do this? Or is WriterAccess a scam that you should be avoiding?
To some this question may sound a bit ridiculous, but in my opinion is not. There are plenty of "make money online" opportunities out there that are not really worth anyone's time, so it is an important question to address.
If you are a writer already, or just like to write and want to make some money from it, then doing freelance jobs on your own schedule at a place like WriterAccess may very well be what you are looking for. HOWEVER, this definitely isn't for everyone and in this quick review I'll be going over how it all works so that you can get a better idea of whether or not it is right for you…
What Is WriterAccess?
WriterAccess (at writeraccess.com) is basically a platform that operates within the gig economy. They match up brands and agencies that are looking for workers with freelance writers and editors that are looking to make money.
Now in this review I am writing from a freelance writer's point of view, just to make that clear.
In a nutshell how it works is you join the platform and are then able to pick and choose which jobs you want to complete, so you never have to work when you don't want to work. That said, it is not like there is an unlimited amount of work for you to always be doing, so there are limitations and downsides.
Overall the pay that this place gives their writers is pretty good from what I know from reviewing many other similar freelance writing sites.
They are legit and are pretty average compared to other sites out there like this, or at least as far as the pay goes.
How The Job Works
Well first off, it's not really a job, although I will be calling it that.
If you get a "job" with WriterAccess you will then get matched up with writing assignments of all sorts. One assignment could be to write a simple blog post, another could be to write product descriptions for some e-commerce website, and so on.
There our lots of different brands and agencies that use this platform and be jobs that they are looking for people to complete will vary a good deal. As a writer, you just cater to the instructions and the demands of the clients.
Your Profile
Since this is freelance, you will create your own writer profile on the platform. You want to make this as professional looking as possible. If you have experience or have any relevant achievements/qualifications, be sure to make these known.
Clients will be able to look at your profile and of course they are looking for the best writers possible.
As mentioned, you will be able to work whenever you want for the most part. But if you do pick a project and started, you are definitely going to want to complete it within the required time so that you keep your reputation up.
One thing that new freelancers need to know is that getting started is a bit difficult. You will start out with no reputation and because of this clients will be less likely to select you for jobs. This is just part of the game.
The "Growth Hub"
In early 2019 they launched what they call the Growth Hub. This is for freelancers and will provide tools and training to help move forward and hopefully advance to earn more money.
Pay Rates
Basic Marketplace
The majority of people out there are going to be getting paid the rates within the "basic marketplace", unless you are an incredibly gifted writer with lots of experience.
Here you will get paid anywhere from 2.8 cents to 7 cents per word that you type. That said, I have also read on another part of the official website that they pay as low as 1.4 cents per word. I'm not sure which information is more correct… Especially because I have come across other reviews that say different numbers.
This pay isn't anything special but isn't anything bad either. It is right around with the industry standard is, comparing it to other similar sites like Crowd Content and PeoplePerHour.
The amount you get paid well greatly depend on the project and things like…
- Spelling and grammar
- Clarity
- Style
- Vocabulary
- Industry knowledge
- And more
They also have a star rating system in place and the better ratings you have the more you will get paid. This is the reputation system and should be taken very seriously.
As far as payouts go, you get paid 2 times a month via PayPal.
Pro Marketplace
If you are good enough to make into the "Pro marketplace" then you can get paid some pretty good money. Smaller projects start out around $0.08 a word and larger projects you get paid as much as $1.40 per word or more. Some of the projects also pay a flat rate or per hour.
But if you are just starting out you need to focus on the Basic Marketplace and doing good within that arena first.
Also, invterviews may be required for some of these jobs in the Pro marketplace.
Who Can Apply?
I believe that they use to only hire writers in the United States, but as of now I see they are hiring in the US, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom.
They also higher editors, content strategists and translators. But the writer positions are the most common.
The Application Process
First you will apply and choose what type of postition you are applying for, which include writer, content strategist, translator, etc.
When submitting the application you will have to attach a resume, provide information about experience, and some other basic things…. typical application stuff.
Second you will throw together your profile and take a test in proficiency. You will want to make your profile as professional as possible because the brands and agencies looking to hire people will see this.
After you pass the test and your profile is complete you are ready to make some money. WriterAccess will match you up with gigs that are a good fit for you.
Getting Started
I no I already mentioned this, but I think it is worth re-mentioning… When you start out it will be difficult. This will more than likely be the case.
What you need to do is put out the best content you can in order to prove yourself. Once the rating system starts to kick in and you develop a reputation of being a good writer, more projects will naturally start flowing your way, and better paying ones.
Conclusion – Is It Worth It?
Well, WriterAccess is definitely not a scam. I see no reason to call it such. They are a legitimate platform that do pay their writers. However, the question of whether or not it is worth your time is something completely different.
You can definitely make more money writing for yourself online, which is how I make a living, but freelance writing for a place like this would still be a good way to make some extra money on the side.
But anyways… I hope you enjoyed my review and found it at least somewhat helpful. Please leave any comments or questions below and I'll get back to you as soon as I can 🙂


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Welcome to the Metro Water District Backflow Application
Tester Portal
How to Use this Facility
This facility has been provided as a convenient, easy to use way for certified testers to communicate test results to the Metro Water District.
In order to use this facility, you will need a user id and password which are supplied by MDWID.
If you have questions or need help, please contact us at
By clicking on CONTINUE I agree to provide accurate information and to abide by all applicable MDWID Codes, requirements and standards. I also acknowledge that any false information entered into or made in connection with this Metro Water District Backflow Application Data Entry Program or violation of any MDWID code requirement or standard may result in the suspension or revocation of my Backflow Prevention Assembly Tester registration with Metro Water District.
To login, click
Your Responsibility as a Tester
As a certified tester you are responsible for:
The accuracy of your test results
The repair information entered into this program
Entering test results into the proper account that you tested
Keeping your personal information up to date
Metro Water District Backflow Web Site


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A really bizarre drug testing case has come out of Connecticut recently. In the case of Schofield v. Loureiro Engineering Associates, Inc., the courts have found that Connecticut drug testing laws only apply to urinalysis testing and not to hair follicle drug testing.
Actually, the fact that the state offers any protection was somewhat of a surprise. Apparently, Connecticut has some interesting laws on the books.
Learn How to Pass a Hair Follicle Drug Test
There is only one hair treatment method that has consistently produced "Passes" on the hair drug test and we want to show you how you can pass your test too.
Connecticut General Statutes §31-51u
Prohibits an employer from making any personnel decision based solely on the results of a urinalysis drug test. The statute stipulates that an initial positive test but be confirmed by a second urinalysis test.
Connecticut General Statutes §31-51x
Prohibits an employer from requiring an employee from submit to a urinalysis test unless their is reasonable suspicion that the employee is under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
Schofield's downfall was in the fact that, as written, the laws specifically only exclude urinalysis tests. Saliva, blood, and hair follicle drug tests do not seem to be covered by these statutes.
The court states that "the logic of plaintiff's position is readily understood and the seemingly irrational inconsistency which flows from disparate protections [of the statutes] made evident in this opinion are undeniable." The court went on to say that the law needs to be rewritten.
Obviously, the intent of the the Connecticut drug test laws is to protect employees from unreasonable demands from employers. However, the way that the lawmakers wrote the language of the law too narrowly defined the method of testing which opened up the door for Schofield's employer to bypass the spirit of the law.
One would have to dig a little deeper into the laws but it seems reasonable to assume that the primary method of drug testing at the time was urinalysis and the lawmakers who wrote the bill did not foresee other types of drug testing becoming commonplace.
While certainly unfortunate for Schofield, it is heartening to see that some states have at least attempted to put some sort of limits on employment drug testing.
The overwhelming majority of drug tests administered in the work environment are entirely unnecessary. Barring an employee coming to work intoxicated, the vast majority of jobs that drug tests are administered for are in no way impacted by drug use on the employee's free time.
Connecticut's drug test laws, though obviously flawed, are a step in the right direction. No drug test lab should be judge, jury, and executioner. While most drug test labs have a good record in terms of providing accurate analysis, they're not perfect. Requiring the employer to get a second positive test result would all but eliminate the chance of a false positive.
Similarly, Connecticut's drug test laws are right in protecting employees from overly invasive employers. Unless the employee has given cause for there to be a reasonable suspicion that they are intoxicated while on the job, employers should be prevented from fishing into the personal lives of their employees via drug tests.
Hopefully, lawmakers in Connecticut will revisit the existing statutes and update them to incorporate the other forms of drug testing now available.


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At a recent New York DWI Refusal Hearing we successfully argued that the police lacked probable cause for the arrest. The refusal report was put into evidence during the hearing that was held at the New York Department of Motor Vehicles Hearing Office. We argued that the refusal report lacked the requisite specificity required to establish probable cause for the DWI arrest. The Administrative law judge agreed with our argument and "closed" the case.
As a result, our client who held a commercial drivers license kept his drivers license and his job.


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It might be the case that on Friday I drove to Essex to pick up a box of cute chicks. Obviously the fact that I have just hatched out (well mainly the turkeys did the hard work, I just helped with the final stages of hatching out) 20 turkeys and 15 Ixworth chicks from eggs laid here and 6 Ixworth/Naked Neck crosses and 6 blue egg-layers from eggs Barling Poultry wasn't enough.
Actually we do have enough turkeys but I wanted to introduce some genetic diversity to the flock so picked up three Norfolk Blacks and one Norfolk Bronze from the lovely people at Barling Poultry. They are another small-scale, wonderful producer keeping free-range chickens and ducks (but not too many) and providing fertile eggs and day-old chicks. They also have the cutest alpacas in the world who are pregnant and about to have their little crias any day – serious cria envy from me.
So that explains the turkeys quite reasonably, but what about the chicks? Well they are Naked Neck chicks. I already have a growing flock of Ixworths and my starter flock of Ixworth/Naked Neck crosses, but I want to see what the Naked Necks are like. They are meat birds and I want to see how they compare to the Ixworths and which will be more suitable for our situation. Plus I would quite like to start a little flock of mini dinosaurs – I mean who wouldn't? The aim is to be self-sufficient in eggs for hatching as well as eating.
Oh yes, I may have also picked up these too ……
Pekin duck eggs to start a new flock of Pekin ducks – muhaaahaahaa – my poultry empire begins to take shape, there will be no stopping me now
N.B. of course with so many chicks the egg collecting round yesterday ended up with everyone crammed into the front porch excitedly holding the cutest little chicks ever – including all the parents as well – who can resist a chick?


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Mumbai, India Bans Horse-Drawn Carriages
India's largest city has outlawed the use of horse-drawn carriages, calling them "an avoidable activity."
June 10, 2015
After local animal-rights groups filed a petition against Mumbai's horse-drawn carriages, the Bombay High Court ordered that the practice be eliminated by June 8, 2016. The carriages—called "Victorias"—have been popular since Queen Victoria's 19th-century reign and are one of Mumbai's most popular tourist attractions. With activists citing the horses' malnourishment and being overworked as cruel and dangerous practices, the ruling says that "using horse-driven carriages only for joyrides solely for human pleasure is an avoidable activity." The court also mandated that all horses be rehabilitated at appropriate care centers and that local authorities help find alternate employment for the 700 people previously dependent on the industry. In the United States, New York City activists continue to advocate for a similar ban.
Subscribe now to the world's #1


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3389 Sheridan St # 272 Hollywood, FL 33021
Smilen Landscaping has been serving the Fort Lauderdale, Dania Beach, Davie, Cooper City, Pembroke pines, Victoria Park, Hallandale, Miramar areas for many years and wants to earn your business. Our loyal customers love our personalized treatment; it keeps them coming back each time a new issue arises. Our customers are like our family.


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Special Olympics Wyoming has been monitoring the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) situation. In light of precautions being taken both locally and worldwide, the organization has decided to exercise an abundance of caution and suspend all activities through the end of May. Therefore, the 2020 Summer Games has been canceled.
Registration Materials
Basketball Skill Assessment Forms
Hotels Accomadations
- Ramada Plaza Gillete and Convention Center
- Candlewood Suites
- Best Western Tower West
- Comfort Inn & Suites
- Fairfield Inn & Suites
- Country Inn & Suites
- TownePlace Suites by Marriott
- Holiday Inn Express & Suites
- Wingate by Wyndham
- Travelodge Gillette
- Hampton Inn
Thank you to our SPONSORS!
Volunteer Opportunities
To see all of the Volunteer Opportunities please go to the Become A Volunteer Page of our website!


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Kite blog
Kite Packaging delivers long term protection with VCI and Kraft Union Paper
Renowned packaging supplier, Kite Packaging, is providing businesses with new, cost-effective protection for ferrous metal and wooden exports.
The packaging supplier has released its latest protective additions in its extensive product range, both of which are designed to assist in the long term protection of goods in transit and storage.
Kite's VCI (Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor) paper ensures ferrous metals can stay clean and rust free without leaving a greasy of waxy residue. Its advanced design eliminates the need for any cleaning of protected products before use and it significantly slows the process of corrosion.
VCI paper is commonly used for the protection of metal parts in engineering, engines, drills and large iron items such as gates and railings. The recyclable properties of the paper means it can be treated as normal paper waste and Kite recommend businesses re-wrap the contents after two years to maximise the period of protection.
Kite has also brought to market a range of Kraft Union paper rolls. This medium to heavy duty paper is the ideal protective agent for heavy components such as engineering or metal spare parts. It is also a very popular choice for lining wooden export cases and crates.
The primary use for Kraft Paper Union is driven by its moisture resistant nature that can help to keep water out as the laminated Kraft paper and bitumen composition. Both products form effective protection for a variety of metal and wooden components and will prove particularly useful in the industrial 'business to business' world of today.
For more information about the new range or about Kite's other products and services, please visit www.kitepackaging.co.uk


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Use these charts below to find your weight in either kg or pounds.
Then depending on your personal goal use the scale of 10-20 to find your calorie goal.
Please remember that these are ONLY a guideline.
So many factors will come in to play for various different people as mentioned in the video above.
The best thing to do is find your calorie maintenance and work from there.
10- Extreme Deficit (not advised without coaches instructions)
11- Large Deficit
12/13- Moderate Deficit
14- Minor Deficit
15/16- Calorie Maintenance
17- Minor Surplus
18- Moderate Surplus
19/20- Large Surplus (not advised without coaches instructions)


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There are several reasons why ROCKETS FANS have given up on the current version. I asked several people I came in contact with the past few days why they haven given up. Their names will remain secret since I usually alter their quotes or just make things up. I AM PREPARING for a life in politics. Let's call this the ROCKETS CAUCUS. Voting isn't necessary and any thing positive is usually forgotten.
One man told me "I am sick of the pick and roll". Another claimed to have been washing his car throughout the entire regular season. "I want it to look good for the 3 games the Rockets will end up playing in the postseason". He had a very nice looking Saturn. 4 men playing chess near Rice University declined to comment telling me to stop breaking their concentration. "Who do you think you are, JAMES HARDEN?"
A young lady in a Matt Bullard replica shirt said "The team never seems to able to pass a physical in Detroit"
It was bad enough to be swept in the 2 game series with the Pistons but not passing a physical was the final straw. Speaking of Detroit, I once did a coaches show for a long time scout of that team, Will Robinson. He was also the head coach at Illinois St. For 2 seasons I did his TV SHOW in Peoria and for a total of 22 shows he called me Ronnie. Ok, that has nothing to do with the Rockets but I always found that weird.
Two little fans playing Horse were next on my list. 'WE LOVE THE ROCKETS, NO MATTER WHAT" yelled one of them. "My dad took us to 4 games this year and Houston lost all 4, but the food was good". We can't wait for PLAYOFF HOT DOGS" They both said they remembered when the team won home games. i gotta see if Daryl Morey is still a genius. This is Ronnie Roberts on click2houston.


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It has been 8 years today, since I had a lung resection. It was an attempt to try to find an answer for all the cavitated masses in both lungs. I had been very sick for about six months or more, with high fevers, couching, hearing loss, rashes and headaches. The local hospital dx'd me with pneumonia before the surgery and didn't know what it was afterwards either. I had to be admitted to the hospital several times after that for the same symptoms. A friend of mines Aunt had been dx'd with Wegeners, and she suggested that I go to CC, to be assessed. I ended up self referring to Cleveland Clinic, after 2-3 months of not getting any better. I got an appt in July and they sent for my biopsies and reviewed new Ct scans. They called me in late August to tell me that I was to start treatment for Wegeners. I was so sick by then, that it did even register what was going on.
It has been a long journey, with other health issues popping up. I have been dx'd with Wegs in my lungs, sinuses, and brain. I also have Small Fiber Neuropathy from Wegs. Last year, I had to have malignant Neuroendocrine tumors removed from my colon. I still have a lot of stomach problems and am addressing them by eating better.
I have been on all the treatments for Wegs and now just take Rituxan every six months, Bactrium MWF and preds everyday. I am down to 6 pills a day from 24 when I started. I have to hold on tight at times and just do things afraid.
I feel truly blessed to have made it through those rough times. I am so grateful to have all the friends, support and information from the people in this forum. Thank you all, things do get better!!


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The Benefits of Therapy:
- More effective for treating depression than taking medication alone.
- Improved control for hyperactive and or distractible children
- Address behavior problems in children and adults which may be arising at school, work or at home.
- To improve academic performance
- Improve sleeping issues and decreasing bedwetting
- Improve family interactions
- Learning how to handing emotions
- Decrease aggressive outbursts
- Helping mend relationships


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Grim Awakening Live Stream will be available at http://www.twitch.tv/wigglesrift as soon as the shards are up.
Witness the full might of the Grim Awakening bosses ! Celebrate each kill with a 30 days patron pass giveaway ! Demon Lord helm codes and Infinity Edition Keys will also be handed out during the stream !
Let's enjoy 2.3 !


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COVID-19: Learn more about our cleaning delivery protocols.
Click Here
Maybe you're tired of working for someone else, or maybe you want more independence. Whatever the case, if you have an entrepreneurial mindset buying a Coverall franchise can be a life-changing experience. Since 1985, Coverall has helped thousands of people start a professional commercial cleaning franchise business. Becoming a Coverall Independent Franchise Business Owner is easier than you might think.


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Definitions for "I Want You"
"I Want You" was a 1976 hit for American soul icon Marvin Gaye. It was the title track from the album of the same name.
I Want You was a hit 1976 album for American soul musician Marvin Gaye, released on the Tamla (Motown) label.
"I Want You (She's So Heavy)" is a song by The Beatles, from their album Abbey Road. It was written by John Lennon, although it is credited as a Lennon-Mc Cartney collaboration.


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The UNC Panther Creek medical office building project is a 96,700-sq.-ft. tilt-up structure building with a 2,700-sq.-ft. tilt-up structure Central Utility Plant attached by a covered breezeway and utility yard. The exterior of the building consists of a combination of finishes including brick veneer, concrete penetrating stain, and water table sills as part of the tilt up structure. There are metal panel sun shades, entry portals, and a metal panel signage "fin" spanning from the rooftop down the east elevation of the building. The three patient entrances have a combination of concrete and metal panel entry canopies. The interiors will be built out to accommodate various medical tenants including ambulatory surgical, laboratories, orthopedics and imaging suites.
There will be three AHUs on the roof that will serve the 3rd, 2nd, and 1st floor Imaging, Mammography and support services. The Central Utility Plant will house a med gas manifold rooms, emergency and critical power rooms, main MDS rooms, and an independent AHU that will serve the Ambulatory Surgical Center with ducted return. Sitework includes parking, a "wet" retention pond with aquatic plants, pavilion/gazebo and three retaining walls. This will be a basement building with an upper and lower parking lot.
There are above ground power mains that run through the middle of the site that will be relocated before site work starts, a reclaimed water line that will be extended for the Town of Cary and water main board under Highway 55.
The DPR team is implementing collaborative virtual building practices to ensure the project runs smoothly from start to finish. With the goal of zero incidents from day one, all stakeholders will undergo IFE training and conduct standard DPR safety practices each and every day.


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Our Cocktail Party
We really did have an amazing time last week at our exclusive party which we hosted together with Bex from Bex Rox. Morton's private member's club on Berkeley Square, Mayfair, proved to be an amazing venue. Aysha and Constance were on hand to give some incredible skin advice, in between enjoying some yummy cocktails and canapes. Guests queued up to have their faces photographed by the IMAGE PRO, an incredible digital imaging device which can assess the quality of the skin beneath the naked eye. Check out more pictures of our party out here, on Tatler.[caption id="attachment_767" align="alignleft" width="535"] Christmas Skin Kits[/caption] [caption id="attachment_768" align="alignleft" width="550"] Image Pro Digital Imaging System[/caption]


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New opponent, same issues: Football dismantled 66-31 by Georgia Tech
By Micah Brown –
After dropping a heartbreaker to Florida State, football returned to the field on a Friday night looking to rebound and get back in the win column.
The short week of preparation was evident on the field and Georgia Tech (3-3, 1-2) outplayed Louisville (2-4, 0-3) from the start. The Cardinals lost 66-31 for their first three-game losing streak since 2016.
"We got beat. We got beat bad," head coach Bobby Petrino said. "We didn't have any answers for their offense."
Petrino and his defense's unfamiliarity with the option attack from Georgia Tech was on full display from the opening kickoff.
The struggle continued into the second half as the Yellow Jackets finished with 554 yards of total offense (542 rushing yards). Throughout the contest, Louisville never forced a punt from Georgia Tech and their opponent scored on every possession.
The Cardinal offense carried their positive momentum from last week into their bout with the Georgia Tech defense. Redshirt sophomore quarterback Jawon Pass found a groove and provided a balanced attack, mixing long shots down the field with an efficient ground attack from running backs Trey Smith and Hassan Hall.
"We competed extremely hard in the second quarter," Petrino said. "Puma competed extremely hard and I think he learned a lot."
Redshirt junior Smith and freshman Hall finished with a combined 55 yards of rushing, complimented by Puma's 299 yards in the air. Freshman Tutu Atwell had two receiving touchdowns.
While U of L's offense was a sign of positivity in the loss, it was not nearly enough to counter the opponent's offense. The Yellow Jackets were quick and dominant with the ball as Louisville's defense continually failed to produce a stop.
Jordan Travis entered the game as quarterback in the fourth quarter. The backup threw for 71 yards and rushed for 48 yards, throwing both a touchdown and interception. Georgia Tech ran the interception back for their final touchdown and 66-31 score.
"What they need to do is keep sight of what their goals are, what their aspirations are and make them understand that they're still there," Petrino said. "But this certainly challenges it."
Football travels to face Boston College on Saturday, Oct. 13.
"We can't lose sight of our goals," sophomore Dez Fitzpatrick said. "When you start to lose like this, when one person is negative, it's contagious. We know what we're capable of and sooner or later we're going to show it, it's just gotta click."
You can follow the Louisville Cardinal on Twitter @thecardsports.
Photos by Taris Smith / The Louisville Cardinal


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A new version of YoWhatsApp has just been released with some awesome new features and improvements. The new YoWhatsApp Version 7.92 comes with some new features that are not yet available on the official WhatsApp App such as Picture in Picture (PIP) mode, swipe to reply and many others.
For those who don't know what YoWhatsApp is, it's a modded version of the WhatsApp application based on the official App on the Playstore but with way more cool features. With YoWhatsApp, you can hide your last seen, you can customise your WhatsApp user interface, download WhatsApp status and many more.
Below are some of the features of YoWhatsApp as well as changes in latest version 7.92
Features of YoWhatsApp>> Regular Updates: YoWhatsApp is always updated to the latest version of WhatsApp which is available for everyone on Google Play Store. This means that your latest Yo WhatsApp will always be an updated base WhatsApp.
>> Set Image as background for Home screen: On YoWhatsApp you can easily change the background or chat conversation background image.
>> Chat Bubble feature: You get the option to customize your chat bubble to however you want it to be.
>> Freeze Last Seen: You can freeze the last seen of your WhatsApp. This feature is available in all the modded version of WhatsApp. Freezing your last seen means that nobody will know when you are online or offline.
>> Call Blocker: On YoWhatsApp, you can block someone from calling you without actually blocking them from chatting with you. You can also disable the call feature completely. This is one of the features that is not available on the official WhatsApp App.
>> White Navigation bar support for Android 8.0+: If you have Android 8.0+ then you might have seen Android Oreo has a complete white theme. You can change the colour of your navigation bar with the help of YoWhatsApp.
>> Icons: YoWhatsApp provides you with different icons to choose from if you don't want to use the stock icon.
>> Language: YoWhatsApp has a large number of supported languages
>> YoThemes: If you want to install someone else WhatsApp theme or design your own WhatsApp theme then there is a feature in YoWhatsApp which will help the users to theme their WhatsApp however they need and from the store they can download the theme for their device free.
>> Save Themes: If you are good at creating themes then you can store your theme in zip format and share them with your friends.
>> No Root: YoWhatsApp does not require root access to run smoothly o your smartphone.
>> Lock YoWhatsApp: You can lock your YoWhatsApp with an inbuilt feature which helps the user to do so in just a few clicks. You can close your WhatsApp with the help of pin, pattern and fingerprint.
>> Custom Privacy: Custom Privacy is the feature which helps the users to Hide blue ticks, second tick, blue microphone, typing, and recording.
>> Emoji Variants: There are the different version of emoji which you can use with the help of YoWhatsApp. You can use emoji of Facebook, Emoji One, Twitter, Android Nougat, iOS 9 Flat.
>> Copy Chats without Date and Time: YoWhatsApp allows you to copy chats without date and time which means there is no need to delete the date and time of conversations before copying and pasting.
>> Send 700 MB Videos: If you want to send your friends any movies then you can do so with the help of YoWhatsApp, and you can share any files without any limits.
>> WhatsApp Status Above 250 Characters: You can post WhatsApp status on YoWhatsApp above the 250 characters limit.
>> Zoom Profile Pictures in Double Tap: YoWhatsApp lets you quickly zoom in and out on any profile picture.
>> Copy Anybody's WhatsApp Status by a Long Press: If you want to copy your friends WhatsApp status. You can do so by clicking on your friends WhatsApp status, and that's done you have successfully copied your friends status.
>> Material Design: If you are a material design fan then you are going to love this application because of YoWhatsApp features new teal design.
What's New in YOWhatsApp Version 7.92• [Base Update] 2.19.34
• [Exclusive] Know Deleted Status (🚫 next to time)!
• [Exclusive] Custom Online toast! Enable for specific people (find it in Contact Profile)
• [Added] Option to pin group description to chat (Chat 3-dot menu > Group Description)
• [Added] Change Deleted msg icon color (Option 3.1.17)
• [Added] Support to download themes with home wallpaper from YoThemes Store
• [Fixed] Status Saving button issues
• [Fixed] Status incorrect story saving
• [Fixed] Calls privacy not saving chosen list
• [Fixed] Pics in chat (Inside) not working properly
• [Fixed] Random crashes in conversation
• [Fixed] Random Android O+ emoji crashes
• [ALERT] Anti-Delete for Messages and Status by default (turn off if you want).
• [Misc] More bug fixes and improvements!


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This website uses cookies in order to optimize the website and to improve it continuously. By continuing to use the website, you agree to the use of cookies. Learn more...
Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/71 of Janaury 2016 lays down residue levels for for 1-methylcyclopropene, flonicamid, flutriafol, indolylacetic acid, indolylbutyric acid, pethoxamid, pirimicarb, prothioconazole and teflubenzuron in or on certain products.
By a correndum to the above regulation published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 26 April 2016 these levels have been partially amended.
For more information please click this text.
Read more … Pesticide Residues and Maximum Residue Levels
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2016/759 of 28 April 2016 lays down lists of third countries, parts of third countries and territories from which Member States are to authorise the introduction into the Union of certain food of animal origin intended for human consumption. The regulation also lays down certificates requirements.
Read more … Imports of Gelatine, Collagen and Others from Third Countries into the EU
On 12 May 2016 the European Parliament (EP) voted in favour of mandatory origin labelling for meat and milk products. The EP urgred the European Commission to come up with legislative proposals to make labelling of origin mandatory for processed meat and all kind of drinking milk and dairy products.
If you like more information, in particular whether such proposals are likely to come, please click the text.
Read more … European Parliament: Mandatory Origin Labelling for Milk and Meat Products
Food companies turn more to clean labelling. Kieffer Legal Services worked out a report on the legal limits of clean labelling. For more information, please click here to read the full report.
Read more … Clean labelling within the limits of the law
On 22 April 2016 the German ministries for consumer protection agreed on the definitions of the terms "vegan" and "vegetarian".
Read more … Conditions of use regarding the terms "vegan" and "vegetarian"


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Upright Microscope Systems
Below you can see examples of an upright microscope system created using our components. Typically these examples are for life science applications, however they can be used for industrial or material applications and some examples can be found here.
Many other automated microscopy systems are possible using our components. See our full range of products here.