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Superior Court of Rhode Island
January 8, 2018
AMBROSE C. MENDES, JR., ET AL.v.ALFRED FACTOR and KIRSHENBAUM & KIRSHENBAUM
County Superior Court
Plaintiff: Ambrose C. Mendes, Jr., Pro Se Patrick J.
McBurney, Esq.
Defendant: Robert M. Brady, Esq. Joseph F. Penza, Jr., Esq.
matter is before the Court on Plaintiff Ambrose C. Mendes,
Jr.'s (Ambrose[1] or Plaintiff) motion to amend the reason
for appeal and to have the Consent Order heard. Alfred Factor
(Mr. Factor) and Kirshenbaum & Kirshenbaum, Attorneys at
Law, Inc. (K&K) (jointly, Defendants) contend that the
new counts alleged in Plaintiff's motion are barred by
res judicata and also, in the alternative, by their
applicable statute of limitations. Defendants further contend
that any allegations of negligence or breach of fiduciary
duty stemming from actions prior to 1987 are subject to
res judicata based on the prior Rhode Island Supreme
Court ruling in this case. Ambrose's siblings, Victor
Mendes (Victor) and Madonna Mendes (Madonna) (jointly,
Intervenor Plaintiff and Intervenor Plaintiffs), do not
object to the instant motion.
Facts and Travel [2]
father, Ambrose C. Mendes, Sr. (Mr. Mendes), executed a Last
Will and Testament on February 3, 1976. Mendes v.
Factor, 41 A.3d 994, 997 (R.I. 2012). Under the terms of
the will, Rufino Mauricio[3] (Mr. Mauricio) and Mr. Factor were
appointed as co-executors, and Isidore Kirshenbaum (Mr.
Kirshenbaum) of K&K was the successor co-executor.
Id. Except for his personal residence, the will
transferred all of Mr. Mendes' property into a trust, to
be managed by the trustee. Id. Mr. Mauricio was
named as trustee, Mr. Factor as successor trustee, and Mr.
Kirshenbaum was named as Mr. Factor's successor trustee.
trust was established for the benefit of Mr. Mendes'
three children- Ambrose, Madonna, and Victor- with the net
income to be distributed equally between the children.
Furthermore, the trust provided that when the youngest child
reached age thirty, the trust would terminate and the trust
property would be distributed to the children in equal
shares. Id. In the interim, the will granted the
trustee full authority to "manage and control the trust
estate." Id.
Mendes died on September 30, 1976, and his estate was opened
in the Providence Probate Court the same year. Id.
At the time of his death, Mr. Mendes was the principal of
Intersection Realty Inc. (Intersection Realty), which owned
twenty-three parcels of real estate, including the Mendes
Funeral Home, Inc. (Mendes Funeral Home) located at 70 Camp
Street in Providence. Id.
and Intervenor Plaintiff and Intervenor Plaintiffs alleged in
a Verified Complaint that Mr. Mendes, prior to his death,
instructed Mr. Factor and K&K to transfer his ownership
of both Intersection Realty and the Mendes Funeral Home to
his three children. Id. They further alleged that
the requisite documents of ownership prepared by Mr. Factor
and notarized by Mr. Mauricio were to be submitted to the
Office of the Secretary of State for validation but that the
task was never accomplished. Id. Further, Plaintiff
and Intervenor Plaintiffs aver that without their knowledge,
Mr. Mauricio and Mr. Factor conducted a meeting on May 27,
1977, at which time they appointed Mr. Factor as president,
treasurer, and secretary of Intersection Realty. Id.
On December 4, 1979, the co-executors filed a first
accounting with the Probate Court listing fifty-five shares
of Intersection Realty with a value of $276, 148, a
"received to date" amount of $570, 404.58, payouts
in the amount of $293, 198.61, and a remaining balance of
$277, 205.97. Id. This first accounting was approved
by the Probate Court on September 8, 1981. Id. at
Plaintiff and Intervenor Plaintiffs alleged that Defendants
sold the land and building on which the Mendes Funeral Home
sat, but not the actual business. Id. at 998. They
further maintained that between February 3, 1976 and May
1987, Defendants sold many of Intersection Realty's
properties below fair market value, failed to maintain
insurance on the properties in their care, and failed to pay
taxes on many of the properties-resulting in the government
selling the properties at tax sales. Id. Moreover,
they averred that the co-executors failed to ever create the
trust that was called for in Mr. Mendes' will.
docket entries were recorded at Providence Probate Court
regarding the estate from June 2, 1987 until September 8,
2008. On September 8, 2008, Mr. Factor filed an amended
second accounting[4] and also a third and final accounting.
Id. On September 18, 2008, the Mendes children
objected to the entry of these accountings and petitioned the
Probate Court for a hearing to challenge the validity of the
accountings. Id. Thereafter, on March 3, 2009, the
Probate Court entered a Consent Order pursuant to G.L. 1956
§ 33- 23- 1(f). Id.
In the
Consent Order, the parties conceded that the issues presented
to the Probate Court could not be resolved there and
stipulated to an appeal to the Superior Court. The parties
agreed to submit a statement of facts and issues to be
decided on appeal, including:
"a) Whether the fiduciary breached his duties to the
beneficiaries of the estate;
"b) Whether the second and third accountings were
properly allowed by the [P]robate [C]ourt;
"c) Whether the executors had the authority to sell any
assets of Intersection Realty Inc.;
"d) If the executors did have the authority to sell the
assets of Intersection Realty Inc., what monies, if any have
not been accounted for in the Estate of Ambrose Mendes."
parties further stipulated that each would be allowed to
raise additional claims and defenses in conjunction with the
appeal. Id. Thereafter, on March 3, 2009, and
consistent with the Consent Order, Ambrose filed a claim of
appeal with the Probate Court. Id. Only Ambrose
signed the claim. Id. at 999.
March 31, 2009, the three Mendes children also filed a
Verified Complaint in the Superior Court alleging breach of
fiduciary duty for failing to follow the trust document and
negligence for breaching the duty of care owed to the
Plaintiff and Intervenor Plaintiffs to carry out the trust
document. Id. The Defendants subsequently filed a
motion to dismiss the probate appeal contending Plaintiff and
Intervenor Plaintiffs failed to perfect their appeal.
Id. Also, Defendants moved to dismiss the Verified
Complaint under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Superior Court Rules of
Civil Procedure, maintaining that the statute of limitations
had expired and therefore barred the claims. Id. The
motions to dismiss were heard on January 5, 2010 and January
15, 2010. Id. Subsequently, the hearing justice
dismissed both the probate appeal and Verified Complaint.
Id. Plaintiff and Intervenor Plaintiffs filed a
timely appeal. Id. at 999-1000.
appeal, Plaintiff and Intervenor Plaintiffs challenged the
hearing justice's findings that Victor and Madonna failed
to perfect their appeals in the Superior Court because their
signatures were not included on the claim of appeal and also
that the probate appeal was not perfected because the reasons
for appeal were not properly filed by them. Id. at
1000. Further, they challenged the motion ...
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Pregnant women, new moms strive to stay in shape
Magazine covers feature beautiful pregnant and new-mom celebrities; form-fitting fashions expose curves and the outstretched belly. Shops even sell maternity thongs. So is it an empowering celebration of an important stage in women's life, as some argue, or, as others protest, a new unrealistic goal for women to keep an otherwise fat-free body with "the bump"?
More pregnant women are exercising and then hitting the gym - or at least the neighborhood with a stroller - as soon after birth as possible, said personal trainer Sue Fleming, author of "Buff Moms" (Villard Books, 2004) and "Buff Moms-to-Be." "They're not satisfied looking like a mom anymore," Fleming said. "They want to look great."
And what's wrong with looking like a mom, wonders Muffy Mead-Ferro, the Utah-based author of the forthcoming book, "Confessions of a Slacker Wife" (Da Capo Press, April). "To have to be fit and fabulous during or right after pregnancy adds pressure at a time of life that's already filled with so much stress and uncertainty," she said. Most women struggle with weight at least one point in their lives, and for many, pregnancy and the year after birth are challenging periods. For every mom who revels in her voluptuous curves, there's another who wonders if her partner still finds her attractive. "The image thing is huge," said new mom Julie Nicoletta of Seattle. "Every day you look at yourself and wonder, 'God, will I ever get my body back?'
A Johns Hopkins study of 130 pregnant women found that about a fifth had tried at least one weight-restricting behavior during pregnancy; these women tended to be more anxious, depressed, angry and stressed. Women with more-positive body images were more likely to feel better about the pregnancy in general, according to the study, published in 2003. While two-thirds of women said they were proud of looking pregnant, nearly four out of 10 expressed a worry about getting fat, including those who gained within the recommended amount. Despite the common perception of pregnant women gleefully "eating for two," less than 10 percent of women said they liked being able to gain weight for a change.
For Jennifer Price of Snohomish, Wash., who describes herself as "chunky," pregnancy "was the first time I didn't feel self-conscious (about weight)," she said. "It was the first time I felt really good about myself." Still, after she gave birth, she heard plenty of patronizing and outright rude comments.
"When you're pregnant, people don't seem to care," said Price, a mom of a
3-and 6-year-old who contributed
to the current mixed-media show "bodyBODY." "But the minute you have the baby, fat is totally unacceptable." Moms taking prenatal and postpartum yoga classes at the Seattle Holistic Center expressed ambivalence about weight gain. Of course it was worth it for the baby - but did they have to be quite SO large and awkward? And sure, they know it's unrealistic to look to celebrities as role models, but still, slim stars "give the rest of us a bad name," said expectant mom Rachel Katz Carey of Seattle. "I saw Julia Roberts on 'Oprah' - she was seven months pregnant with twins and had this perfect sphere belly," Katz Carey said. "Otherwise she looked exactly the same as before."
Several pregnant moms said they had friends "freaking out over how much weight they gained," but "I've come to the conclusion you don't have any control over it," said expectant mom Andrea Radosevich of Seattle. Pregnancy styles are so fitted and revealing now, some moms said it was difficult to find flattering maternity clothes. "Pregnancy clothes are meant to be tight now," said Jen Heller of Seattle, who is eight months along. "I thought the bonus of being pregnant was everything has elastic, and you get to be comfortable."
Seattle's Dawn Box was shocked when she went shopping for maternity clothes. "I'm more sensitive to weight gain than I thought I would be," she said. "I was in the dressing room going, 'Oh my God, I'm huge!"' Still, she told herself to "chill out" and focus on doing what she can to take care of her body, such as eating right, doing yoga and walking. "The big picture is this is not about me; it's about keeping the baby healthy," she said. "Whatever weight I gain, I can worry about later."
That worry fell on the next yoga class for new moms and babies. "I lost half the weight in the first two weeks and nothing since," said Nicoletta, whose baby is 3 months old. "I thought it would happen a little sooner than this." When she recently returned to work, she was dismayed she couldn't fit into her professional clothes. "There's amazing pressure to get back to normal," she said. "I refuse to buy new clothes in a bigger size." Queen Anne, Wash., mom Salone Habibuddin admitted feeling insecure over her postpartum body. "I can't help wondering if my husband thinks I'm still the same," said
Habibuddin, who has a 2 1/2-month-old baby. "I look at myself and see my big belly and big hips. He reassures me, but I have to wonder if I still look attractive."
The postpartum period is "an incredibly confusing time for many women," said Dr. Nancy O'Neil, an obstetrician/gynecologist with Northwest Women's Healthcare, which is affiliated with Swedish Medical Center. "They're not pregnant anymore, but they're not back to themselves yet. In this country, there really isn't a role for it. The media's presentation of a nursing mom as a beautiful, slender woman with large breasts is not how it works for most moms." The weight can be lost, O'Neil said. "It's an old wives' tale that your body changes permanently and you'll never be fit and slender again. That's not true - but it often takes a lot of work."
Some women decide it's just too much effort and accept a new, rounder
body, and that's OK, too, O'Neil said. "There is a healthy range of weight. Obviously, we don't want to see people be obese, but it's refreshing to have somebody embrace a new body image as long as she's healthy and taking care of herself."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
2 - 1/16" Gauge Pillar Pod for Challenger
Weight:3.0 lbs
Installation Skill Rating:
Manufacturer:Razors Edge Motorsports
Challenger 2 - 1/16" Gauge Pillar Pod
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- Dodge Challenger 2008-2014
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- 100% composite material, wrapped in black grill cloth
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Using firearms is all about safety. If you've never shot a gun before, it's important to understand the basics of gun handling, shooting and first aid. Practical Tactical Plus LLC offers gun training in La Grange, Missouri for all ages and experience levels. You can improve your self-defense, shooting and safety skills in a welcoming, educational environment.
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text:
Regular price
Titmarsh, M.A., [Thackeray, William Makepeace], REBECCA AND ROWENA. A ROMANCE UPON ROMANCE. London: Chapman and Hall, 1850. First edition 1/2 green morocco/ marbled paper hardcover w/gilt titling and appointments, t.e.g., 12mo (7.125 x 5.25"), very good+/n.a., viii, 102 pp., frontis, engraved title page, 7 full page uncolored plates by illustrator Richard Doyle, the half-title page is intact and in fine condition.
One of six Christmas books written by William Makepeace Thackeray in the mid-19th century, intended to be bought and given as gifts during the Christmas holiday - they were amazingly successful. Thackeray was a contemporary of the great Charles Dickens and regularly competed with him for sales. Rebecca and Rowena was written to be a continuation of the story of Sir Walter Scott's much venerated novel Ivanhoe; albeit with a somewhat humorous twist. A delightful tale and quite the distinctive and collectible tome - a marvelous section of Captured Tyme!


text:
Then one of the elders answered, saying to me, "Who are these arrayed in white robes, and where did they come from?" And I said to him, "Sir, you know." So he said to me, "These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation, and washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. Therefore they are before the throne of God, and serve Him day and night in His temple. And He who sits on the throne will dwell among them. They shall neither hunger anymore nor thirst anymore; the sun shall not strike them, nor any heat; for the Lamb who is in the midst of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to living fountains of waters. And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes."
Revelation 7:13-17
The narrative of the white-robed multitude really begins in Revelation 7:9-10: After these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude which no one could number, of all nations, tribes, peoples, and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, with palm branches in their hands, and crying out with a loud voice, saying, "Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!" We already see in verse 14 that this great multitude will be formed by those who will come out of the great tribulation, wash their clothes and make them white with the blood of the Lamb.
In these times, God is disturbing many of His committed servants to spread the things that are written in the New Testament prophetic book, Revelation. Even unbelieving analysts agree that the world situation is in an irreversible process of deterioration. And that they only look at some aspects like the economy or the environment. Those who can also see from the spiritual point of view, realize that sin has wrapped humanity and moral deterioration is as dramatic as the material.
We are in those days described by Jesus in Matthew 24:37-39: But as the days of Noah were, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be. 38 For as in the days before the flood, they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noah entered the ark, 39 and did not know until the flood came and took them all away, so also will the coming of the Son of Man be. Even within the church itself, many do not realize the imminent coming of the Lord and the end times.
All mankind is about to be subjected to the worst testing I has ever experienced. Not even the flood, nor the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah could compare with what the Bible identifies as the great tribulation. And while Christians are debating doctrinal controversies about whether or not the church will be present on earth by then, we should not waste time in those barren discussions but prepare for the glorious coming of our Lord Jesus Christ.
In Revelation 7:13-17 it is quite clear that the white robed crowd is formed by believers who went through the great tribulation and stood firm in their faith in Jesus Christ. Many will falter before the great test and will deny their faith, allowing to be sealed with the mark of the beast so as not to lose of buying and selling. Others are going to give up Jesus Christ in order to save their skin.
But it is written in Mark 8:35: For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake and the gospel's will save it. Let us pass the test that comes, let us remain in holiness, separated to God, wash our clothes with the blood of the Lamb and stand before His throne. God bless you.


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Mar 25, 2020
Seattle-based Weber Thompson promoted Susan Frieson, Lissa Goetz and Aaron Swain to senior associate. Frieson is in the high-rise and hospitality design studios. She is project architect/manager on 1000 Virginia, a 45-story multifamily building at Terry and Virginia in Seattle, and has worked on other high-rises in the city, including Stratus apartments, Nexus condos and Ascent apartments, a component of 425 Fairview, and in Bellevue on Avenue Bellevue, a two-tower, hotel/residential development. Goetz is on the interior design team and has a background in architecture. In Seattle, she is working on student-targeted housing projects Trailside Phase I and II, and 1001 John, a high-rise residential project with architecture by CollinsWoerman. Swain has worked on projects that include Pike Motorworks, Ballard Blocks II and The Waverly, a residential tower under construction in South Lake Union. He is a Certified Passive House Consultant and was the project architect of Solis, a passive house condo development on Capitol Hill in Seattle. Weber Thompson provides architecture, interior design, landscape architecture and urban design.
Ken Bayern joined the Seattle office of architecture, planning and design firm CallisonRTKL as a vice president leading the global technology solutions group. The company said technology is integral to nearly every facet of architecture and design, and Bayern's experience includes projects with a national network of clients in almost every practice area.
In Seattle, Jackson Main Architecture promoted Katerina Prochaska and Kristin Lindenmuth to the leadership team as principals. Prochaska will lead standards and production, and Lindenmuth will lead accounting and assist in administration and operations. The firm provides architecture, master planning and interior design, with an office also in Kansas City, Missouri.
Seattle-based Johnston Architects promoted David Fuchs and Leah Wiiest to principal and Lu Zhang to associate. Fuchs, an architect, joined JA in 2015. He has worked in Boston, New York and Dublin, and also in Seattle on multifamily and mixed-use housing projects. He is managing the 35-unit mixed-use Shared Roof project in Phinney Ridge, and Alta Gateway, a 240-unit mixed-use development in Columbia City, both under construction.
Wiiest was hired in 2016 and established JA's interiors studio. She has designed hospitality, retail, restaurant and residential projects in Seattle, New York and Los Angeles. She is leading the interior design on several condos, multifamily projects and renovation of the historic Auburn post office into the new Auburn Arts & Cultural Center. Zhang was hired in 2015 and has used her urban design and planning experience on feasibility studies for sites for multifamily projects in Seattle. She is lead designer on a 95-unit mixed-use project under construction at 417 Second Ave. W. in Lower Queen Anne and a 165-unit mixed-use project on Mercer Island that is in design. JA offers architecture, interior design and planning.
In Kirkland, Blueline hired Michelle Roberge as a project engineer and Mary Koutrelakos as an engineer. In Mill Creek, it hired Valerie Tuttle as a construction inspector on public works projects, and in Tukwila it hired Raylee McKinley as a landscape designer.
Roberge works on residential and commercial projects. She has a bachelor's in civil engineering from Syracuse University and experience in site/civil design in the private and government sectors. Koutrelakos works on commercial projects. She has a bachelor's in civil engineering from the University of Washington and experience working on Yesler Bridge in downtown Seattle and as an intern for Seattle Public Utilities. Tuttle has a bachelor's in engineering and management from Clarkson University and interned as an inside technical analyst for Xylem Inc. in New York. McKinley works on park, trail and mixed-use development projects. She has a master's in landscape architecture from Ohio State University. She has done design work in the U.S. and internationally on projects that include parks, trails, complete streets, mixed-use, hospitality and high-end residential. Blueline provides civil engineering, land use planning and landscape architecture.
Kevin Aardahl joined Allwest's Hayden, Idaho, office as area manager. He manages operations and supervises the geotechnical engineering, environmental services and construction materials testing departments at the office. He has over 30 years of experience in geology and environmental engineering and was a contract environmental consultant in California, providing technical review and support for projects related to environmental chemical contamination. Allwest provides civil engineering, environmental consulting and construction materials testing services.
Seattle-based Sorse Technology formed a partnership with Pascal Biosciences for cannabinoid research programs. Sorse also is acquiring part of the Vancouver, B.C.-based cancer research company. This is Sorse's first move into medical research applications. It sells a water-soluble cannabinoid emulsion used as an ingredient in food items, beverages, topicals and medical applications.
Portland-based KinderCare Education said it will shift its operations to provide child care to first responders, critical health care professionals and families in essential services. KinderCare operates about 1,500 centers around the nation and expects to keep more than 400 open to provide this essential child care during the COVID-19 crisis. The company will reopen additional essential centers as the need arises. Also, KinderCare Education at Work centers at medical facilities will remain open.
Arcimoto temporarily suspended production of its Fun Utility Vehicle through April 17 at its Eugene, Oregon, factory due to the COVID-19 outbreak. The electric vehicle company is maintaining a work-from-home staff for critical operations such as compliance and reporting, research and development, customer service, and deployment of the recently launched Rapid Responder and Deliverator pilot vehicles.


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Szymon, a fifty years old polish jew, emigrated in Germany and residing in Brussel, has been living for ten years from dealing caviar, a modest buisness, not a big one, between Paris and Warsaw. Except some fews problems with the mafia, all would be continued quietly if one day he did'nt meet a young woman, one of his customer's daughter, determined to travel with him on the road of caviar.
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75 CHAPTER 6 IMPACT OF POWER QUALITY ON SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC LOADS 6.1 INTRODUCTION Owing to the increasing use of modern electronic devices, harmonic currents generated in the distribution systems create a new problem of 'power quality' in power systems. Power quality is an issue that is becoming more and more significant to electricity consumers at all levels of usage. Generally power quality refers to the degree to which voltages and currents in a system correspond to sinusoidal waveforms. The sensitive power electronic equipment and non-linear loads are widely used in industrial, commercial and domestic applications, this leads to harmonic distortions in voltage and current waveforms. Harmonics are currents or voltages with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental power frequency. The total harmonic distortion of current is the combination of all the harmonic frequency currents to the fundamental. The current harmonics are a problem because they cause bigger losses to the customer and utility power system components [63]. There are three methods of estimating harmonic load content: the Crest factor (CF), Harmonic Factor or percentage of Total Harmonic Distortion (%THD) and K-Factor [63]. The THD Percentage can be defined in two different ways; as a percentage of the fundamental component (%THDF, the IEEE definition of THD) or as a percentage of the r m s (%THDR, used by the Canadian Standards Association and the IEC) [64]. 76 6.2 CAUSES OF DISTURBANCES IN POWER SYSTEMS Although a noteworthy literature on power quality is now available, most engineers, facility managers, and consumers remain uncertain as to what constitutes a power quality problem. Furthermore, due to the power system impedance, any current (or voltage) harmonic will result in the generation and circulation of voltage (or current) harmonics and affects the entire power system [64]. Fig 6.1 illustrates the impact of current harmonics generated by a nonlinear load on a typical power system with linear loads. Fig 6.1 Propagation of harmonics (generated by a nonlinear load) in power systems. 77 6.3 EFFECTS OF HARMONICS To some extent Harmonic load currents in distribution system are generated by all nonlinear residential loads. These loads include Switched Mode Power Supplies, Electronic fluorescent lighting ballasts and small uninterruptible power supplies units etc. The majority of modern electronic units use SMPS which draws pulses of current. These pulses contain hefty of harmonics. The electronic fluorescent lighting ballasts assert improved efficiency. The main benefit of using electronic ballast is that the light intensity can be maintained over an extended natural life by feedback control of the running current. Its great drawback is that it generates harmonics in the supply current [65]. Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) provide significant energy saving over incandescent lighting. As a result CFLs are being promoted as part of energy conservation programs for many electric utilities. CFLs, like all discharge lights, create harmonics on the supply system because of the control systems, limiting the plasma (an electric arc) current, which produces light [66]. The overheating distribution and transformers premature failure. are most The failure vulnerable rate of to these transformers is very high in India, i.e. around 25% per annum, when compared to International norms of 1-2% per annum. The life of a transformer is dependent upon the life of its insulation. Transformer insulation deteriorates with time and temperature. Transformer temperature, in turn, is related to loading i.e. the winding I²R losses. Loads with highly distorted current waveforms also have a very poor 78 power factor, because of this; they use excessive power system capacity and could be a cause of overloading. Even residential loads have been continuously increasing with the increase in use of electronic apparatus (Television sets, Personal Computers, CFLs etc.). The outcome is the increasing level of harmonic currents on power supply systems. It was found that with increasing set up currents, the neutral conductor's current (because of 'triple n' harmonics) increases sharply for nonlinear loads, as shown in Fig 6.2. Fig 6.2 Increase of neutral currents with increasing fundamental current loadings 6.4 MODELING OF ELECTRICAL LOADS 6.4.1 TRADITIONAL LINEAR LOAD MODELS Generation, transmission, and distribution are essential components to the overall power system model. The research and understanding of the static and dynamic behaviour of source-side components have led to their detailed models. The static and dynamic behavior of the composite load, however, has typically been harder to represent. 79 Modelling system load is complicated because the load is composed of millions of individual components connected to the system at any instance in time. These loads continuously change due to the time of day, weather, and state of the economy. There is also much uncertainty on how individual loads react differently to small and large voltage and frequency variations. It is impractical to represent all loads in a stability study, a fact that has led to the development of simplified composite load models [67]. Load models are typically located in stability studies at the network bus and are represented as an average power. These models therefore include all components down line from the substation which can be seen in Fig 6.3 looking from bus A toward the individual feeders. These components include transformers, power lines, shunt capacitors, and voltage regulators in addition to the end-user load. Static and dynamic load models are two types of load models most often used in stability studies. Static models represent system active and reactive load as an algebraic function of voltage and frequency. These models are best suited for loads where the steady state response to change in voltage and frequency is reached quickly. Dynamic loads models, represented with differential equations, take into account the past and present values of voltage and frequency. Dynamic loads typically take longer to reach steady state than static loads; however, they are commonly represented with the static load models [67]. 80 Fig 6.3 Radial system one-line diagram 6.4.2 Static Models The three generic static load models are constant impedance, constant current, and constant power. In the constant impedance model, the load power varies with the square of voltage. In the constant current model, the load power varies in proportion with voltage. The load power, in the constant power model, does not change with voltage. These responses are typical for small perturbations in voltage but may not accurately reflect the response due to larger voltage sags. Voltage sags greater than 20% can cause sensitive loads to trip off-line. These models, however, have been accepted in practice and are used in many transient stability programs [67]. 6.4.3 Exponential Model The most common and widely practiced static load model is the exponential load model derived in [68]. The static exponential model represents the change in active power P and reactive power Q as an 81 algebraic function of voltage and frequency. The active and reactive exponential models are described by dP V dV P Po 1 K Kpf .( f f o ) , Vo dQ V dV Q Qo 1 K qf .( f f o ) Vo (6.1) (6.2) where P0 ans Q0 are the total active and reactive load, respectively; Kpf and Kqf are the active and reactive load frequency characteristics; (f– f0) is the deviation in system frequency; dV dP and dV dQ are the active and reactive load power characteristics, respectively; and V and V0 are the actual and nominal RMS voltages, respectively. Since the system frequency is not an inherent variable in most stability programs, the response due to frequency is typically neglected. The active and reactive exponential load models defined in (6.1) and (6.2), respectively reduce to V P Po V o Q Q o V V o dP dV dQ dV (6.3) (6.4) Constant power, current, and impedance loads have characteristics equal to 0, 1, and 2, respectively. For composite system load, the exponential model active power characteristic typically ranges from 0.5 to 1.8, and the reactive power characteristic typically ranges from 82 1.5 to 6. Due to magnetic saturation in transformers and motors, the reactive load is significantly higher than constant impedance. The most commonly accepted linear load model characteristics are constant current for active load and constant impedance for reactive load [68]. 6.4.4 Polynomial Model Another common static load model is the polynomial load model which is also referred as the "ZIP" model. This model represents the composite load as a combination of constant impedance, constant current, and constant power loads. The load power varies with the change in system voltage. The polynomial model is defined as 2 1 V P p 1 . Vo V p 2 . p 3 Vo V Q q 1 . Vo V q 2 . q 3 V o 2 (6.5) 1 (6.6) where p1, p2, and p3 are the constant impedance, constant current, and constant active power load, respectively; and q1, q2, and q3 are the constant impedance, constant current, and constant reactive power load, respectively. 6.4.5 EPRI Model The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) developed its own static load model under several research projects starting in 1976. By 1987, 83 the model had gone through many revisions and can be found in [69]. EPRI's model represents the active load with two components, the first frequency and voltage dependent and the second only dependent on voltage. The reactive load also has two components. The first is the total reactive load, and the second is the total reactive load minus shunt capacitance. 6.5 HARMONIC POWER FOR NONLINEAR LOADS The equivalent circuit of a non-linear load is shown in Fig 6.4. It can be modelled as a linear load in parallel with a number of current sources, one source for each harmonic frequency. The harmonic currents generated by the load – or more precisely converted by the load from fundamental to harmonic current – have to flow around the circuit via the source impedance and all other parallel paths. As a result, harmonic voltages appear across the supply impedance and are present all over the installation. Source impedances influence the harmonic voltage distortion resulting from a harmonic current. Fig 6.4. Equivalent circuit of Non-linear load 84 Whenever harmonics are suspected, or when trying to verify their absence, the current must be measured. The Fourier series represents an effective way to study and analyze harmonic distortion. It allows inspecting the various constituents of distorted waveform through decomposition. Generally, any periodic wave form can be expanded in the form of a Fourier series f (t ) A0 ( Ah cosh w0t Bh sinh w0t ) h1 A0 h 1 C h cos( hw 0 t h ) (6.7) where f(t) is a periodic function of frequency f0, angular frequency w0= 2πf0 and period T= 1/f0 C 1 cos( w 0 t 1 ) represents the fundamental component C h cos( hw 0 t h ) represents the hth harmonic of amplitude Ch, frequency hf0 and phase θh A0 A h B h 1 T 2 T 2 T C h A h T 0 T 0 T 0 tan 2 h f ( t ) dt f ( t ) cos( hw f ( t ) sin( hw B 1 2 h B A h h 0 0 t ) dt t ) dt 85 6.5.1 Measures of Harmonic distortion: A distorted periodic current or voltage waveform expanded into a Fourier series is expressed as follows i (t ) h 1 v (t ) I h cos( hw 0 t h ) (6.8) V h 1 h cos( hw 0 t h ) Accordingly, the following relationship for active power and reactive power supply are P 1 2 V h 1 V h 1 hrms h I h cos( h h ) (6.9) I hrms cos( h h ) Reactive power is defined as Q 1 2 V h 1 V h 1 hrms h I h sin( h h ) (6.10) I hrms sin( h h ) 6.5.2 Voltage distortion factor Voltage distortion factor VDF, also known as voltage total harmonic distortion is defined as VDF 1 V1 h2 V 2 h (6.11) 86 6.5.3 Current distortion factor Analogously, Current distortion factor CDF, further known as Current total harmonic distortion is defined as CDF 1 I1 h2 (6.12) I h2 where I h is the hth harmonic peak current Vh is the hth harmonic peak voltage θh is the hth harmonic current phase Фh is the hth harmonic voltage phase w0 is the fundamental angular frequency, w0=2πf 0 f0 is the fundamental frequency, f0=50Hz Where V1, I1 represent the fundamental peak voltage and current respectively. With Vrms and I rms V h1 I h1 V1rms 1 (VDF)2 2 h rms 2 h rms I1rms 1 (CDF) (6.13) 2 The apparent power is S VrmsI rms V h1 2 2 h rms h rms I V1rmsI1rms 1 (VDF)2 1 (CDF)2 S1 1 (VDF)2 1 (CDF)2 (6.14) 87 Where S1 is the apparent power at fundamental frequency and the power factor is P P 1 * 2 S S1 1 (VDF ) 1 ( CDF ) 2 pf pf disp * pf dist pf disp pf dist P S1 (6.15) 1 1 (VDF ) 2 1 ( CDF ) 2 where pfdisp is the displacement power factor pfdist is the distortion power factor 6.6 Stochastic Analysis of the Effect of Using Harmonic Generators (Non linear Loads) in Power Systems 6.6.1 Sensitive Electronic Loads Switch mode electronic devices including Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and personal computers introduce capacitive power factor and current harmonics to the power system. Since middle 80's and with the expanding use of nonlinear switch mode electronic loads, concerns arose about their effect on the power systems. In many IEEE documents, it is recommended to study the effect of electronic loads. Switch mode devices have a capacitive power factor between 55 and 93 percent (All experts), which can cause the increase of reactive power and power loss. The power loss in an office building wirings due to the current harmonics may be more than twice that of the linear 88 load equipment [70]. Capacity of the transformers may be reduced more than 50 per cent in the presence of harmonic components [71]. CFL is a more efficient and durable replacement of the traditional incandescent lamp. Replacing traditional light bulbs by CFLs has several advantages including energy saving, increase in the capacity of plants and distribution transformers, peak shaving, less carbon emission and customer costs. On average, 20 percent of the total use of electricity is consumed in lighting [72]. However, the increase in the number of electronic devices especially the CFLs in power systems must be carefully planned. Replacing the incandescent light bulbs with CFLs means replacing the system's major ohmic load with a capacitive load of high frequency harmonic components. In areas where lighting is a major use of electricity, e.g. places where natural gas or other fossil fuels are used for heating purposes, unplanned replacing of incandescent lamps with CFLs can introduce unexpected negative effects on the system. Also, in areas with a considerable number of other switch mode devices e.g. commercial areas with many office buildings it is important to plan the number of CFLs carefully. Most of the present studies on the effect of switch mode devices are based on tentative experiments and power factor measuring before and after using the devices in the power system [73], and proposing a model for the network has been less discovered. In order for studying such effects, it is better to classify the system equipment to the substation equipment and consumer side 89 equipment. Dramatic changes in power quality indicators of the distribution systems may cause disorders or even damages in the consumer equipments. Such disorders are especially important for sensitive appliances such as medical and hospital devices. In this chapter review of novel approach for studying the effect of switch mode devices and present a novel stochastic modelling approach for analysing the behaviour of the power system in the presence of switch mode devices. This studies the major Key Performance Index (KPI) of the power system and study how these KPI will be affected by adding the current harmonics. 6.6.2 Modelling of Electronic ballasts (EB) Electronic ballasts (EB) used in public lighting in comparison to similar devices used in interior lighting can have circuits for regulation of output power according to preset switching profile (ONOFF-DIM cycles with reduced power in dimming mode). Electronic ballasts cannot be connected to networks with central voltage regulator because decreased supply voltage for ballast may malfunction the lighting operation. Light dimming in EB is possible thanks to controlled high-frequency oscillator. 90 Fig 6.5 Circuit diagram of an Electronic ballast Input filter (see Fig 6.5) limits the effect of current deformation and protects against random high-frequency pulses that may appear in supply network (e.g. as a result of switching processes). Next stage of signal processing consists of two transistors used to generate a highfrequency signal for maximized power. The frequency must be above the range of audible sound, i.e. 20 kHz (upper limit lies about 100 kHz). Choke is wired in series with lamp. Choke is responsible for limitation of current through lamp. Capacitor connected parallel to the lamp is used for creation of the ignition voltage. Fig 6.6 Circuit diagram of a magnetic ballast 91 Fig 6.7 Behaviour of voltage and current in a discharge lamp 92 Magnetic (conventional) ballasts (energy efficiency index EEI = B1, B2, C, D according to CELMA) consist of choke, capacitor and starter. Thermal losses are prevailing in this type of ballasts. Losses are originated in windings of the choke by flowing currents and also by hysteresis of the core. Level of losses depends on mechanical construction of the ballast and wiring of its windings. Simple choke is a dominant ballast type for high-pressure discharge lamps. It has single winding on a core; due its construction it is simple and cheap. Choke is connected in series with lamp (Fig. 6.6). The Choke only limited regulation possibilities by input voltage. Ignition current is very high, thus, the whole circuit must be constructed to withstand such currents. During operation of magnetic ballast, non-harmonic currents flow as a result of nonlinearity of the lamp. 6.6.3 Modelling of CFL ballast circuit The common 220V power system voltage is not enough to start the fluorescent lamps. Therefore, CFLs include a ballast circuit for providing the starting high voltage. In traditional fluorescent lamps, inductive ballasts are widely utilized. However, electronic ballasts which are used in CFLs have much better quality [74]. Electronic ballasts are composed of a rectifier and a DC-AC converter. Fig 6.8 shows the general block diagram of a ballast circuit. 93 Fig 6.8 Block diagram of a CFL ballast circuit. Several circuits are simulated in MATLAB software for this project. Fig. 6.9 shows one sample CFL ballast circuit model. This circuit is similar to that of [75] with slight changes. The input full wave rectifier and the large input capacitor make the current have narrow high peaks at short intervals and almost zero value elsewhere. Fig. 6.10 shows the output voltage and current of the circuit in Fig 6.9. Frequency analysis shows that the CFL current is made up of odd harmonic components of the main frequency (50 or 60 Hz). The CFL is modelled by a number of current sources with the proper harmonic values. Equation (6.16) shows the mathematical model for a CFL when the voltage is assumed to be a cosine function. vCFL V cos(2ft ) 4 n 0 n 0 iCFL I 2 n1 cos2 (2n 1) ft 2 n1 I 2 n1 cos2 (2n 1) ft 2 n1 (6.16) The more the number of harmonics is, the more accurate the model will be. In this study the first five odd harmonics (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9) are used. A schematic of the model is shown in Fig 6.11. The power factor of this circuit is 93%. In order for having a flexible model for different 94 market suppliers, the power factor is chosen flexible in the simulation experiments. Fig 6.9 Simulation of a CFL ballast circuit Fig.6.10. Sinusoidal voltage and resulting current wave shape for a CFL ballast circuit 95 Fig. 6.11. Circuit model of a switch mode device. The values of the current and phase in Equation 6.16 are summarized in Table 1 for the circuit in Fig6.9. Table 6.1 Peak value and phase of the current harmonics for the CFL Current Harmonic First Third Fifth Seventh Ninth Peak I2n+1 (A) 0.2 0.182 0.162 0.138 0.112 PhaseΦ2n+1 (Rad) 0.260 3.499 0.609 4.000 0.799 188.8.131.52 Different circuit configurations of CFL Many electrical devices, especially electronic devices, can produce a harmonic distortion of the shape (sine wave) of the electric wave form. This distortion degrades the quality of the electricity and can subsequently decrease the effectiveness and efficiency of the equipment. Total Harmonic Distortion is defined as a ratio of the sum of all the harmonics over the magnitude of the fundamental power. Most magnetic ballasts have a total harmonic distortion between 18% and 35%. Most electronic ballasts have the total harmonic distortion below 20% with some below 10%. It is advised to purchase ballasts that have low distortion specifications 96 Fig 6.12 Typical CFL Ballast Circuit Fig 6.12 displays a block diagram of typical CFL ballast available in India. The first block contains the protection, filtering and current peak limiting components. Block 2 is the full diode bridge filter to the converter the ac line into a dc stage. Block 3 is the smoothing capacitor with a typical value of either 4.7 μF or 10 μF. It provides the dc input voltage of the resonant inverter for the tube in block 4. The ripple on the dc voltage, measured by the crest factor (peak divided by RMS value), influences tube life. Increasing the filter capacitor reduces the ripple but increases the peak of the AC current waveform and hence the harmonics in it. Some other ballast designs also reduce the harmonic content but increase the crest factor. Addition of filtering or using a more sophisticated design can reduce the harmonic content but also increases the complexity and cost of the CFL. CFLs can be divided into four main categories in terms of their ballast circuitry and their attempt on improving the powerfactor. 97 126.96.36.199 No Power-Factor Correction (Simple Case) Fig 6.13 shows a simple CFL with no filtering and hence nothing to improve the power-factor. Sometimes even the resistor in the ac lead is the absence, and the source impedance is relied upon to limit the capacitor charging peak. This circuit has very high harmonic current levels, which depend on the dc capacitor size and R, but is the cheapest to manufacture. Fig 6.13 Simple CFL Ballast Circuit with no filtering 18.104.22.168 Passive Power-Factor Control One way of increasing the ballast power-factor and to reduce the harmonic content of the input current waveform is the use of passive filtering. There are many types of passive filter arrangements, one of which is shown in Fig 6.14. Fig 6.14 Passive Filtering Circuit 98 Obviously, the more extensive the filtering is, the better the ac current waveform, but higher the cost. The advantage of this passive LC filtering technique is its simplicity and ease of implementation. However, the major drawback is the physical size and weight, which makes it unattractive due to the limited space and inherent power loss [75]. 18.104.22.168 Valley-Fill Another possible solution is to use valley-fill circuit (or equivalent), shown in Fig 6.15. In this circuit, the filter capacitor following the diode rectifier is split into two different capacitors C1 and C2, which are alternately charged and discharged using the three diodes. However, this circuit contains large DC voltage ripple, which produces lamp power and luminous flux fluctuation. As a result, it will reduce the lamp's lifetime. Fig 6.15 Valley-Fill Filtering Circuit The improved valley-fill circuit shown in Fig 6.16 adds to two identical small capacitors C3 and C4 as a voltage doubler to enhance the current waveform near crossover point. It continues to 99 draw the current from the ac source during the cross-over period, which helps to extend the input current conducting angles. One resistor is connected to the bottom of C2 in order to remove the charging current spikes at the voltage peak. This is a cost effective way of improving power factor as well as reducing the harmonic current injection level [76]. Fig 6.16 Improved Valley-Fill Circuit The measured harmonic spectra of different CFLs has allowed the identification of four categories of CFL; poor, average, good and excellent, which are associated with the ballast circuits used (Fig 6.13-6.16). Simulated time domain waveforms and their corresponding harmonic spectra as recorded and displayed in Figure 6.17-6.20. 100 Fig 6.17 Wave form and harmonic spectra of No filtering Circuit Fig 6.18 Wave form and harmonic spectra of Passive filtering Circuit Fig 6.19 Wave form and harmonic spectra of Valley-fill filtering Circuit Fig 6.20 Wave form and harmonic spectra of Acive filtering Circuit 101 6.6.4 Circuit model for other electronic devices Personal computers and other electronic equipment such as printers, etc. generate current harmonics in the power system too, because they all include a rectifier. The harmonic components of personal computers are calculated and provided in the literature [70], [75]. Fig 6.21 shows the relative value of these components. Therefore, similar models to that of Fig 6.9 for modelling such electronic devices are used. Fig 6.21 Relative values of the current harmonics for a personal computer. 6.7 Stochastic modelling of switch mode devices in power system Phase of a harmonic generating device is not a constant value. But it is a random variable that varies in a specific range that can be provided by the manufacturer. Therefore, the model in Equation (6.16) will be modified to that of Equation 6.17 102 4 im I 2 n1 cos2 (2n 1) ft 2 n1 (2n 1) m (6.17) n 0 In this model, m is the device number in the network. In practice, the total number of devices M is a large number. For each device it has a phase shift ΔΦm from the central phase. Distribution of ΔΦm can be assumed to be uniform or Gaussian depending on the manufacturer's data sheet. In other words for the uniform distribution: c max m c max , P ( m ) (6.18) 1 2 max In the above equation, Φmax is the maximum phase shift from the theoretical phase lag Φc. If the probability distribution is Gaussian, ΔΦm is obtained from equation 6.19: ( ) 2 1 P( m ) 2 2 e 2 2 (6.19) Where φ and σ are the mean and variance of the phase lag. The current value for a large number M of CFLs with the above specifications is equal to i in Equation 6.18: M M 4 i im I 2 n1 cos2 (2n 1) ft 2 n1 (2n 1) m m 0 (6.20) m 0 n 0 Finding the Probability Density Function (PDF), expectation and variance of current in the above equation is complicated. Instead, this can rely on numerical simulation to find the PDF of power system current. In this experiment, power system is composed of a thousand CFLs. The average phase lag of these CFLs is fifteen degrees and has a 103 uniform distribution of range 15±10 degrees. It uses a Parzen window [76] approach to find the PDF of the peak output current. Fig 6.22 shows the result. The mean value and standard deviation of the current in this experiment are 611.5 and 2.45. It may notice that if the variance in the phase shift is not considered, meaning that do not assume the CFL phase to be a random variable, the peak current will be equal to 701 Amperes. While designing the dimension of network, this means at least 13% more capacity. Different results can be obtained for different values of phase range for the electronic devices. Fig 6.22 Relative values of the current harmonics for a personal computer. 104 6.8 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY The experimental study was conducted to determine the energy losses, on account of the residential sensitive electronic loads. In order to find out the magnitude of harmonic currents caused by electronic loads, various tests were conducted in the lab. For the purpose of analysis Power Quality Analyser 3196 was used to capture the signals. The residential appliances that are taken into consideration depicted both linear as well as nonlinear loads. Incandescent lamp and fluorescent tube with magnetic choke act as linear loads, whereas UPS, ceiling fan, personal computers, fluorescent tube with electronic ballast, CFL, TV and mobile phone chargers are nonlinear loads. Readings are given in Table 6.2 where DPF is 'Displacement' power factor and it is the cosine of the angle between fundamental rms voltage and fundamental rms current. TPF is True power factor 'measured in the presence of all harmonics' and is the ratio of Pmeas in Watts and measured Volt Amperes i.e. VAmeas. Waveforms for different loads are shown from Figure 6.23 to 6.33. They clearly show the current distortion due to nonlinear loads. The waveforms of current no longer remain 'sinusoidal' for these loads. 105 TABLE-6.2 Measurement results for Electronic Appliances % THD of Current DPF True PF P in Watts VA 3.35 0.999 1.0 85.46 85.46 8.47 0.587 0.585 51.32 88.32 UPS 50.99 0.462 0.414 16.06 39.87 Fluorescent Tube with Electronic choke 108.98 0.849 0.577 22.4 25.68 Television Set 150.32 0.978 0.538 68.02 69.78 Computer 1 72.8 0.999 0.809 119.98 120.28 Computer 2 148.17 0.974 0.545 107.37 109.64 Compact Fluorescent Lamp 136.95 0.874 0.524 14.95 17.44 Ceiling Fan 68.33 0.791 0.657 18.33 29.87 Mobile Charger 1 161 0.979 0.51 3.85 3.91 Mobile Charger 2 219 0.96 0.386 5.82 5.91 Incandescent Lamp Fluorescent Tube with magnetic choke 106 Fig.6.23. Incandescent Lamp Measured with all harmonics present VAR=0.0, P=84.83, Vrms=227.29, Irms=0.375 and Losses=0.63 Fig.6.24. Fluorescent Tube with magnetic choke Measured with all harmonics present VAR=71.14, P=51.2, Vrms=232.86, Irms=0.376 and Losses=0.12 107 Fig.6.25. UPS Measured with all harmonics present VAR=35.3, P=15.93, Vrms=236.1, Irms=0.164 and Losses=0.13 Fig.6.26. Fluorescent tube Electronic Choke Measured with all harmonics present VAR=31.36, P=21.8, Vrms=229.41, Irms=0.167 and Losses=0.6 108 Fig.6.27. Television Set Measured with all harmonics present VAR=105.71, P=67.85, Vrms=233.82, Irms=0.536 and Losses=0.17 Fig.6.28. Computer 1 Measured with all harmonics present VAR=87.03, P=119.36, Vrms=234.56, Irms=0.632 and Losses=0.62 109 Fig.6.29. Computer 2 Measured with all harmonics present VAR=163.58, P=106.7, Vrms=233.85, Irms=0.834 and Losses=0.67 Fig.6.30. Compact Fluorescent Lamp Measured with all harmonics present VAR=24.13, P=14.57, Vrms=228.26, Irms=0.124 and Losses=0.38 110 Fig.6.31. Ceiling Fan Measured with all harmonics present VAR=21.01, P=18.29, Vrms=212.56, Irms=0.131 and Losses=0.04 Fig.6.32. Mobile phone charger 1 Measured with all harmonics present VAR=6.46, P=3.81, Vrms=232.9, Irms=0.032 and Losses=0.04 Fig.6.33. Mobile phone charger 2 Measured with all harmonics present VAR=13.72, P=5.02, Vrms=231.2, Irms=0.0627 and Losses=0.8 111 6.9. IMPACT OF VARIATION OF INPUT VOLTAGE The impact of variations in the input voltage on the input currents of each of the appliances tested is examined in this section. Understanding the implications of variation to the input current of appliance due to changes in the input voltage; is essential for complete understanding of the manner in which appliances may impact on the electricity distribution system. An accurate understanding of appliance behaviour in different input voltage conditions is also essential if accurate appliance models are to be developed for simulation. Two tests have been designed to assess the impact of variations in input voltage on appliance input current behaviour. The first test examines appliance behaviour at the upper and lower limits of the Indian low voltage range. The first of these tests involved supplying the appliances at 253 V RMS which is at the upper limit of the range, and the second involved supplying the appliances with 207 V RMS which is at the lower limit of the range. The remaining test involved supplying the appliances with distorted input voltages. The values are put in a tabular form to facilitate the comparison between values and the results obtained using the undistorted nominal value (230 V RMS), the data in each table is presented as a percentage of the values obtained when the nominal voltage was applied. For example, a value of 100% means that the value obtained for the test was equal to the value obtained when the appliance was supplied with an undistorted voltage of 230V RMS. 112 The data in Tables 6.3 specify the behaviour of the RMS current, displacement power factor and fundamental current are relatively insensitive to changes in the supply voltage magnitude. The results for total harmonic current are more diverse. CFL, TV and the UPS show considerable variation in total harmonic current for one or both of the voltage magnitude tests. It is remarkable that the CFL, TV and UPS appear to have electronics on the input which aim to lessen current waveform distortion. It may be assumed that these circuits are more sensitive to changes in input supply voltage than even simple devices such as the SMPS of the PC. The data Table 6.4 indicate that there is little variation in the displacement power factor when the appliances are supplied with harmonic test waveform. However, there is considerable variation seen total harmonic current. Further, the variations seen here are much greater than the input voltage magnitude. This indicates that appliance behaviour is more sensitive to changes in input voltage distortion contrasting to changes in input voltage magnitude. Fig 6.34 shows the harmonic currents of various devices under the sinusoidal supply voltage condition. These values represent a 'worst case' pollution level at this moment in the MV-grid. It is further used in the simulation to analyze the performance of model network in a polluted grid condition. Fig. 6.35 shows the harmonic currents at the beginning of a LV feeder. THD (i) value is around 16% at the beginning of the LV feeder, whereas THD (i) at a high load house terminal varies between 26-28% and at a low load house terminal 113 between 48-49% [10]. The harmonic spectrum at two house terminals with high load and low load respectively are compared in Fig.6.36. TABLE 6.3 THD (I) VALUES OF DIFFERENT DEVICES USED IN VARYING INPUT VOLTAGE MAGNITUDE RMS Input Voltage 253V RMS Input Voltage 207V THD(i) DPF THD(i) DPF TV 118 103 148 96 Computer-1 88 100 93 99 CFL -1 156 100 161 100 Computer-2 152 101 178 78 UPS 88 100 112 100 Ceiling Fan 76 79 82 89 CFL-2 110 100 125 100 Incandescent Lamp 101 100 99 100 Appliance TABLE 6.4 THD(I) VALUES OF DIFFERENT DEVICES – HARMONIC TEST WAVEFORM Harmonic Test Waveform 1 Harmonic Test Waveform 2 THD(i) DPF THD(i) DPF TV 128 101 167 100 Computer-1 103 100 96 99 CFL -1 142 97 168 106 Computer-2 154 104 178 81 UPS 87 100 135 101 Ceiling Fan 79 81 84 93 CFL-2 114 100 128 107 Incandescent Lamp 102 100 99 100 Appliance 114 Fig. 6.34 Harmonic currents spectrum of devices used in 'low load' case Fig.6.35. Harmonic currents of LV feeder (clean grid) Fig.6.36. Harmonic currents at different house terminals- (clean grid) 115 Fig 6.37 shows the experimental set up, which contain all types of sensitive electronic loads. A study was conducted in a residential campus consisting of 100 houses. It was found that on an average each residence is having fluorescent tubes with magnetic choke as well as electronic ballast, compact fluorescent lamps, personal computer, UPS, television set, mobile phone chargers, stereo system, ceiling fans, food processor, microwave oven, refrigerator, air cooler and incandescent lamps as loads. Then power loss due to harmonics i.e. Pmeas – Pf is calculated for each house. It is found to be more or less 8 to 10 Watts. Considering 6 to 8 hours/day operation of these loads, the number of energy units consumed because of harmonics for 100 houses, comes out to be 150 to 250 kWh per month. This extra energy loss is solely due to harmonics. This loss corresponds to the sample size of 100 residences but as the number of houses increases, the cumulative loss is enormous.


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Board Members
ERPS Board of Education Members
Jon Althouse, President
Jon Althouse was elected to the Board of Education in June 2003. He is married to Lori and has two children who have graduated from Eaton Rapids Public Schools. He is employed by the Department of Agriculture and Engineering, Michigan State University, as the Coordinator of the Electrical Technology Program.
As a parent, coach, and member of the MSU faculty, Jon feels he is a positive contributor to the Board of Education.
Joseph Loren, Vice President
Joe was elected to serve on the Board of Education beginning in January 2017. Joe is married and has two children in the Eaton Rapids Public School District. He retired from the United States Army in September of 2015 and presently works for Eaton Corporation as a Program Manager.
Jeannine Brake-Norder, Secretary
Jeannine Brake-Norder was elected to the Board for the term starting in January 2019. She is married to Phil and has 3 children in the school district. She graduated from Michigan State University and Ferris State University College of Optometry and worked as a Doctor of Optometry at Eye Care Associates of Charlotte, P.L.L.C. She has lived in Eaton Rapids for over 20 years. She has been active in the schools volunteering in the classrooms and working as Vice-President and Grant Committee Chair for the Eaton Rapids Public Schools Education Foundation. She was an active participant in Mothers of Preschoolers (MOPS) in Eaton Rapids serving as Hospitality and Activities Coordinator and serving on the Steering Team.
Valerie VanSandt, Treasurer
Valerie VanSandt is a motivated mom, coach, and volunteer for the Eaton Rapids Public School Community. She works as a small business partner at Chickadee Studios of Eaton Rapids, managing budget, production, staff, as well as customer and computer support. She is married and the mother of two daughters in our district.
Brian Ross, Trustee
Brian Ross is a graduate of Eaton Rapids High School and an Owner/Broker of Ross & Associates Realtors. Mr. Ross is involved in the County Planning Commission, ER Local Development Finance Authority, ER Business and School Alliance, and the ER Area Chamber of Commerce.
Bob Dickins, Trustee
Bob Dickins has been on the Board since January 2013. Bob is the Vice President/Regional Manager for Eaton Federal Savings Bank. He graduated from Michigan State University with a degree in Financial Administration and served in the United States Army. He has lived and worked in Eaton Rapids for over 20 years. Bob has two children who have graduated from the Eaton Rapids Schools District.
Dan Guy, Trustee
Dan Guy was appointed to the Board in April 2013. He is married to Sallie, they have 2 children that attend Eaton Rapids Public School programs. Dan was born and raised in Eaton Rapids and is currently employed by the Michigan Air National Guard. Dan graduated from Eaton Rapids High School, Park University, and Western Michigan University. As a parent, volunteer, and motivated individual, Dan hopes to be a positive contributor to the Board of Education and the Eaton Rapids Public School District.


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" How do you image Jérôme's day to day life?
As his girlfriend, it is not easy every day…lots of MTB from dawn to dusk!
As soon as he wakes up, his smartphone is already in his hand : first social media check (we never know if somebody was riding during the night…).
During the breakfast, he is not really here but focuses on reading the MTB magazines…and even after (in the toilet)!
After a "quick" session of internet (certainly he missed some videos in the morning), he prepares to go riding. Ready to climb the mountain to reach the highest point (if not, he will be disappointed from the rest of the day). Take a picture and ready to shred the trails!
After the ride, he always cleans his bike (why he doesn't clean the house as he cleans the bike?) and check if everything goes well (he tells me that he is a good mechanic..).
Some rest to eat something, and I think he starts to shake (maybe not enough bike..). It is time to go riding the pump track!
I think he gets to much energy so I tell him to rest a little bit, and guess what?His first choice is in front of the DH world cup replay with beer and friends…
Sometimes it's a bit too much …And I am sure a lot of girls understand me But there is also a lot of good time living this life!
Filmed and Edited by Jérémie Reuiller in Alsace
With Ben Cruz and Jérôme Clementz


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cooperi (A. Gray) Greene
symbol: PSCO2
Leaf: Alternate, simple, drought deciduous, very narrow, to 4 inches long, gray-green with dense pubescence.
Flower: Species is monoecious; bright yellow flowers, daisy like, 3/4 inch across appearing singly at the tips of branches, but drying to become paper-like and persisting; appearing March through September.
Fruit: Tufted, fluffy achenes, light brown, dried flower parts are persistent after seeds have dispersed.
Twig: Young twigs are slender, round, gray-green with dense pubescence.
Bark: Reddish brown to gray-brown, developing darker scaly ridges.
Form: Dense rounded shrub often arising from a single woody "trunk" reaching up to 2 feet tall.
Additional Range Information: Psilostrophe cooperi is native to North America. Range may be expanded by planting. Download the full-size PDF map.
External Links: USDA Plants Database
All material © 2019 Virginia Tech Dept. of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation; Photos and text by: John Seiler, Edward Jensen, Alex Niemiera, and John Peterson; Silvics reprinted from Ag Handbook 654; range map source information


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Revision [2064]
This is an old revision of HomePage made by PhilDaintree on 2011-03-27 04:56:27.
|HomePage What Is webERP
|WeberpFeatures webERP Features
|WeberpFaq Documentation
|WeberpSupport Support
|Sourceforge Project Page
|WeberpDevelopment Development
webERP is an open-source web-based ERP system.
The latest release is 4.03.5 released 27th March 2011
This web-site is a "wiki" where all those who wish to InstructionForContributing contribute their experiences and knowledge of webERP can do so. If you have questions please use the mailing lists. We warmly welcome people interested in getting involved in the project and we've made up some ContributingtowebERP guidelines to ease the pain. This link also outlines the goals/mission of the project. Many businesses have similar requirements of their ERP software and webERP aims to be a community of businesses working co-operatively on webERP.
What Is webERP?
webERP is a complete web based accounting/ERP system that requires only a web-browser and pdf reader to use. It has a wide range of features suitable for many businesses particularly distributed businesses in wholesale and distribution and manufacturing. It is developed as an open-source application and is available as a free download to use. The feature set is continually expanding as new businesses and developers adopt it.
There are on average 5,000 downloads per month.
The growth of webERP adoption has been entirely through word of mouth testimony - there has never been a marketing or advertising push to "sell" webERP. Of course there are no funds nor commercial incentive to do so for free software. Instead this growth is built on reputation and solid practical functionality that works as tried and tested by an increasing number of businesses.
webERP is developed using the PHP (PHP Hypertext Pre-Processor) web development language. Again PHP is an open-source development environment and the rigour applied to its development and review of its code is the reason why it has become one of the most popular and respected web-development platforms. Performance of well written PHP applications in a web-environment are arguably without peer. webERP is no exception.
webERP scripts are developed with consistency and simplicity in mind so that the PHP scripts that make up webERP are readable with only a basic knowledge of PHP scripting and the webERP structure. Every opportunity is taken to remove abstraction from the code to make the logic as clear as possible to the reader of the code. Simple code makes for easily modifiable code should another function be required.
webERP can be easily configured on any operating system and the computer processing requirements are surprisingly light. With web-hosting so competitively priced, 3rd party hosting external to the business effectively minimises any internal IT costs of maintaining the server. Then only a connection to the internet is required to use webERP.
Cloud Computing
This concept of "cloud computing" where the application can live anywhere on the internet and be delivered to the business through "the cloud" has become a major trend in recent times and the benefits are now widely understood. "Cloud computing" has been a reality for webERP users for several years already and in many respects has been ahead of it's time.
Any OS for both Server and Client Access
webERP can run on any web-server - Windows IIS, Apache or any web-server at all - it doesn't matter.
Any device that has internet access can run webERP as a client - desktop, notebook netbook or phone all functionality is available.
It is easy to develop functionality to meet precisely the requirements of your business. webERP developers are keen to work with your business to develop solutions you need.
In labour markets where it is increasingly difficult to retain good staff this flexibility in where work is performed can be a key advantage to employers.
It has translations to 27 different languages - each user can see the screens in their own language and in their own graphical theme.
Why webERP?
webERP is an Open Source project. As such there are no fees associated with using the system. What is more, there is competition between service providers to provide the best and most cost effective support. Service providers are more readily available because the availability of the source code enables those with PHP knowledge (the web-programming language used by webERP) to be able to identify exactly what processing is performed by the system. In proprietary systems this information is often not available even to licensed support providers - they need to communicate back to the software vendor for a response. With the information available to support people, the quality of the support is likely also to be better.
webERP has a wide variety of features suitable for managing businesses of many differing forms. From the face of a simple menu structure, complex business processes are easily accessible - such as multiple inventory locations, multiple currencies, lot and serial number tracking of inventory - see WeberpFeatures Features
All features are integrated with each other. Inputs are required just once. Everywhere the change is propagated across the system.
Linux Journal Review
Other Software Sites
Software Download


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Australia head into the second last World Series in Canada atop of the standings but there are only 24 points separating the top six teams.
After finishing with a bronze in Kitakyushu, the Aussie 7's side has not been quiet about their intentions heading into Langford.
If Australia were to be crowned Champions at Langford it would give them an unassailable lead in the World Series standings with one leg remaining.
Currently, New Zealand is nipping at their heels as they sit only six points behind Australia.
Australia were drawn in Pool C alongside Spain, Ireland and host country Canada.
It is no easy group for the Aussies as they previously lost to Spain in the Pool stage at Kitakyushu and played out a tantalising match against Canada at the Commonwealth Games in April.
"You've got to beat the best to be the best and obviously with a home crowd it is massively in their [Canada's] favour but for us it's about playing our game and trying to silence that crowd early on and come away with the win," Australian captain Shannon Parry told Sevens World Series media.
"There is a lot on the line, we have been preparing well and we know what is at stake but in saying that, it's game by game and for us we just need to focus and get through the pool stages," Parry said.
Australia play their opening match of the Langford 7s against Canada at 5:35am AEST.


text: Tyent Health and Wellness Videos 5 Cooking Tips From Top Health Food Expert Bestselling Author's Secret to Super-Charge Your Life Shocking Blood Analysis When Patient Drinks Alkaline Water 2 Ways to Banish Blemishes and Psoriasis…What's Best? Alkaline or Acidic Water? Tyent Water Ionizer's Hydration Benefits Alkaline water…what is so special about it? Dr. Gus Reveals Amazing Results…AGAIN! Amie Valpone Proves That You Are What You Eat! Check out this 30-year Chiropractor and why he supports Tyent! Tyent Product Videos DISCOVERY and Cnet's Top Pick… Best 11 Plate Ionizer Got Bad Water? Advanced Water Ionizer Filtration for Well Water and Other Water Problems Ionizer Plates You've HEARD that Tyent is the BEST and you must be wondering HOW & WHY!?? Portable Water Purifier, Ionizer Pitcher – Tyent TYgo Check out the Tyent UCE in a million-dollar lake home! Watch how Tyent Water cleans tomatoes and makes "endless" tea! The Cleanest Alkaline Water… Advanced Ultra Filtration for the Best Ionized Alkaline Water Tyent Testimonial Videos Alkaline Water and Cancer… Tyent is the Only Ionizer for… Tyent Water is helping keep the ENERGYup in this family! How can it help yours too? Is that a luxury Mercedes Airstream RVwith a built-in UCE-11!? Tyent Sports Videos Pro-Athlete Trainer Shows You How to Pump Up Your Performance Fierce Lifestyle Coach Reveals Her Life-Changing Tips Tampa Bay Rays: Michael McKenry Scores a Homerun with Tyent Tom Brady's Secret and Drew Bree's Secret Drink – News Leak Pro-Athletes and Serious Contenders like Rashad Evans are BOOSTING their performance with Tyent Water. Find out HOW! Pro athletes in the NFL like Shareece Wright are BOOSTING their performance with Tyent Water. Find out HOW! Pro-Athletes and Serious Contenders like Michael Johnson are BOOSTING their performance with Tyent Water. Find out HOW! Fitness Experts PREFER Alkaline Water Nate Schierholtz of the Chicago Cubsloves Tyent Water! Tyent Water is a NECESSITY in this HOTYoga studio! The Ribeiro Brothers, World Champions and Hall of Famers in Jiu-Jitsu, love their Tyent Water! Kamaru Usman, the "Nigerian Nightmare, is a world-class UFC Fighter with the help of Tyent Water! How does one get the nickname Killa? UFC Fighter, Abel Trujillo, earned the nickname. Check out this video to learn how! Get Ripped with Tyent Alkaline Water! Pro Golfers Rejoice! Greg Jones – UFC Celebrity Trainer Tells All! Tyent Celebrity Videos Winner of America's Next Top Model Divulges TV Host Reveals the #1 Celebrity Beauty Secret Tyent Water is a NECESSITY for this famous singer… RICK SPRINGFIELD! Find out WHY! Winner of America's Next Top Model Divulges Fun Tyent Videos Funny! See the Top 2 Water Ionizers Beat the Competition When the choice is yours… Choose WISELY… Check out this HILARIOUS video about how Tyent BEATS the competition!


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"All that is important is this one moment in movement. Make the moment important, vital, and worth living. Do not let it slip away unnoticed and unused."
1" pure copper disc enameled on both sides with unleaded enamels. All exposed copper is sanded smooth and the pendant is suspended from an adjustable pure cotton cord with 2 copper beads to make the ends easier to adjust. The necklace can be worn as a choker and extends to about 30 inches.
This necklace is ready to ship, but if you'd like to choose your own word and/or color, just click here
Each Inspire Me Necklace is handmade in my Vermont studio. Want to know how?
I begin with a sheet of heavy gauge pure copper. The discs are made and formed, and the hole for the cord is cut out. Following a dip in an acid bath (for cleaning) and a thorough rinsing, each piece is enameled with several coats of enamel (finely ground glass powder) front and back. Between coats of enamel they are fired in my kiln at 1450°.
After 3 coats the lettering is applied and the piece is fired one more time. Each piece is then inspected, and any excess glass is ground off from the sides of the piece before the final sanding.
The adjustable cord is made, then the piece is assembled, photographed, and placed into inventory.


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SAN ANTONIO – Bexar County Judge Nelson Wolff did not mince words Thursday after the District Attorney's Office released its findings on the city's chance to land a team during the Major League Soccer expansion project.
Officials disappointed, not surprised SA left off MLS' finalists list
I want to thank the District Attorney's office and Watts Guerra law firm for the comprehensive report. The investigation found that the MLS process was unfair, unethical, and duplicitous, but that Bexar County does not have a legal cause of action at this time because the Spurs withdrew their MLS application. I accept the report and its conclusions. We will wait until the next MLS expansion round and reassess our options at that time. In the meantime, I ask that soccer fans continue to support San Antonio FC.
Wolff sought clarification from MLS about San Antonio's bid for an expansion franchise after the owner of the Columbus Crew announced in October his intention to relocate to Austin.
Wolff questions MLS over Columbus-Austin connection
The potential move would almost certainly end San Antonio's chances of landing an MLS franchise during the next round of expansion.
In November, MLS announced that Cincinnati, Detroit, Nashville and Sacramento are finalists for the first two out of four expansion clubs.
The announcement did not surprise Wolff, who said it appears Spurs Sports & Entertainment, the owners of San Antonio F.C., took itself out of consideration for this round.
In 2015, MLS announced plans to expand to 28 teams. Los Angeles Football Club begins play in 2018, becoming the league's 23rd team. Discussions continue for a MLS expansion team in Miami.
Spurs Sports & Entertainment is one of 12 franchises that have officially applies for an expansion team.


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Total Maroc , owned by France's Total, plans to raise between MD612 million ($61.2 million) and MD720 million ($74.48 million) in an initial public share offer, Moroccan bourse watchdog CDVM said in a statement on Saturday.
Total Maroc commercialises around 1 million tonnes of energy products annually and has more than 270 service stations across the country with an estimated 11 per cent market share, or a third of Morocco's oil distribution.
The offering would be the first in Morocco in 2015 and could help revive Casablanca's stock market, which has suffered from the knock-on effects of the euro zone crisis and a lack of foreign investors.
Casablanca's benchmark MASI index has lost 0.35 per cent in the last three months. Morocco was downgraded to "frontier market" status by index provider MSCI in 2013, due to a lack of liquidity in the market.
Total Maroc has hired two Moroccan banks - Attijariwafa bank, the local unit of France's Societe Generale- for an offering expected from May 11 to May 15 which will involve 15 per cent of Total's shares, the regulator's statement said.
CDVM said it had approved the issue. The company will sell 1.34 million shares which it has priced at between MD455 and MD535 apiece.
Last year, France's Total sold a 30 per cent stake in Total Maroc to the Saudi Zahid Group for an undisclosed sum. Total and Zahid Group are already partners in Saudi Arabian lubricants producer Saudi Total Lubricants Ltd.


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I am busy trying to get through exam week, working at my job, and getting Christmas gifts made! My scarves are almost finished and I still have "gifts in a jar" to make. I am obsessed with crocheting now, I must admit it! I found this awesome pattern and had to share. It's from creativeyarn. (photos from their website too). Check it out!
Enjoy and Happy Crocheting!


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Beguiling cat-like smoky eyes are the bedrock of party season makeup. When you don't fancy all the re-application of a red lip or the fall out from glitter, bold eyes are a great choice as they'll see you through from dinner to dancing with nary a smudge. Hone your technique with our step-by-step guide and your sultry, after-dark eyes will take you through the festive season and beyond…
How To Do Smoky Eyes In Five Simple Steps
Step One: Prime Your Eyelids
Start by underpinning all your hard work and preventing eyeshadow creases with a smoothing eye primer to prep the area. We like Nars Smudge Proof Eyeshadow Base, which dries clear and ensures the true colour of your eyeshadow is visible. As well as applying to your eyelid, take it underneath the lower lashes too and it will help to keep your makeup looking perfect for hours.
Step Two: Define Your Eyes
Take a soft kohl eyeliner such as Stila Stay All Day Smudge Stick Waterproof Eyeliner and sketch a soft line along the upper lash line, staying close to the lashes and gently curving the line upwards at the outer corner. Take the pencil line along your lower waterline for a cat-like finish.
Step Three: Shadow Play
You'll need three eyeshadows for your smoky eye, varying in shade from light to medium to dark. Choose a colour you love and find three variations, or choose an eyeshadow palette that's specifically designed for eyes. We love Laura Mercier Editorial Eye Palette Intense Clays, which has a range of blue and bronze shades, or try Ilia Beauty Essential Shadow Palette, which contains light plum shades.
Lightly dust the lightest shade all over the eyelid, right up to your eyebrow, then take the medium shade and using the Surratt Small Smoky Eye Brush layer on colour over your lid, shaping the outer corners and gently diffusing with the tip of the domed brush. Take this shade onto the lower eyelid as well, gently building it upwards for a dramatic look. Remove excess colour from the brush with a dry tissue, then dip into your darkest shade and blend into the crease – this will create the all-important dimension and depth that brings the smoky eye into its own.
Step Four: Add Highlight
Dial up your smoky look for party season with a golden highlighter like Becca Shimmering Skin Perfector Pressed Highlighter Gold Lava. Use your finger to dab it into the centre of your top lid, near to the lash line and gently apply to the inner corners of your eyes for a bright, wide-eyed finish. Then, using your finger again, sweep a small amount just below the arch of your brow for extra drama.
Step Five: Groom Brows And Lashes
It's essential that your beautiful eyes are framed with perfect brows and lashes. For brows, we love the fine pointed Kevyn Aucoin The Precision Brow Pencil – use the spoolie end to brush hairs upwards first, then fill in any gaps before setting with Chantecaille Full Brow Perfecting Gel. Curl lashes with the Space NK Lash Curler to open up eyes and show off your smoky shadow, then follow with three coats of Hourglass Caution Extreme Lash Mascara, which builds incredible volume and thickness and critically, never smudges.


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by Sarah Steimer
- olive oil
- 1/2 cup finely chopped red onion
- 3 garlic cloves, minced
- 2 tablespoons finely minced peeled ginger
- 8 cups vegetable broth
- 1 russet potato, cut into 1/2-inch pieces
- 2 cups red lentils, rinsed well
- 2 carrots, peeled, cut into 1/2-inch pieces
- 2 cups (packed) spinach leaves
- salt and pepper, to taste
- nonfat Greek-style yogurt (optional)
Heat a few drops of olive oil in a dutch oven or a heavy (large) pot over medium heat. Cook the onions, stirring occasionally, until soft and slightly golden. Add the garlic and ginger, stirring constantly for about one minute.
Add the broth, potatoes, carrots and lentils. Bring to a simmer and cook, partially covered and stirring occasionally, until the lentils and vegetables are tender; about 15-20 minutes.
Stir in the spinach and season with salt and pepper. Serve with a dollop of yogurt.
Recipe adapted from: Bon Appetit


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Thanks everyone for coming to the Yoga Nook Christmas Party and making it so much fun. And thanks for the beautiful presents!
You are here: Home / Noticeboard / News / Yoga Nook Xmas Party 2014
Iyengar Yoga in Dulwich Hill
By admin
Sign up to receive email updates from the Yoga Nook.


text:
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexArchiveWithExternalLibsDexMergerForDebug'.
I created a new project with compile my old modules but when I tried launching the app it did not launch with the message:
Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexArchiveWithExternalLibsDexMergerForDebug'. > com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Unable to merge dex
Please any one can help me !!!
Beginner Asked on July 11, 2018 in Mobile Dev.
since flutter default min sdk version for android is 16 , you have to add the following dependancies in your app level gradle file to enable multidex as mentioned in documentation https://developer.android.com/studio/build/multidex
android {
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 16
targetSdkVersion 27
multiDexEnabled true
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.3'
on November 2, 2019.
Thank you 🙂


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On the occasion of the launch of its new beauty range, Bahia Do Brasil, Ushuaïa is involved in the reforestation of the banks of the São Francisco River with Pur Projet in Brazil.
Flowing through Brazil for 3,000 km, the São Francisco River is the third largest river of the country and nearly a third of the Brazilians people depend upon it. Essential for many crops and irrigated areas lcoated near the banks of the river and its springs, the resulting degradation caused by human activity is threatening the São Francisco River. The widespread use of burn and slash agricultural techniques and intensive farming have contributed to the massive deforestation of the river banks which also suffer the ravages of erosion.
It is in this context that Pur Projet and the Nordesta association are collaborating. Created in 2005 in the state of Minas Gerais, Nordesta works with Pur Projet on reforestation projects around the springs of the São Francisco River to protect the natural resources which small producers in the region depend upon. The association, led by its President Neuza Falco Galvao, preserves over one million seeds of local species in its seed bank where trees are also growing in a tree nursery. The various plantations, adapted to each site, allow for the rapid and healthy regeneration of degraded lands, improvement of water quality and the return of local biodiversity. Moreover, economic development and environmental education projects have been initiated in the area – for instance, there is a developing beekeeping activity – in order to insure the diversification of local farmers' income.
The launch of the Bahia Do Brasil range demonstrates the commitment of Ushuaïa, which will contribute to the reforestation of 7 hectares of land where 20 natural springs of the São Francisco River are located. As a brand dedicated to natural beauty, Ushuaïa uses natural materials of renewable origin, and shower gels and deodorants roll-ons that are 100% recyclable. The scents of the products are also formulated to respect the environment. Bahia do Brasil is the example of the willingness of a company to offer the choice of a sustainable consumption to everyone.
Photo ©Max Riché – maxriche.com


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"To be the preferred Plant and Tool Hire provider - applying Service, Quality and Reliability in everything we do."
Tools are a necessity in every constructional programme; be it a formal construction business or a home improvement arrangement. Borer tool to be precise is a tool that is used to drill holes, makebores or pierce any hard object with incomprehensible ease and precision. It includes a boringbit, stonedrill, rock drill, woodborer and other tools categorised under the same strata of construction tools. The precision and credibility the borer tools and its categories comprise of, make them irreplaceable in construction business and therefore a huge capital from the overall budget of the project is spent on purchasing them. Why spent so much money when we can opt for borer tools hire at a much cheaper cost?
If you want to enhance the interior design of you house, or office area you will need to use this tool. If you want to hang a beautiful piece of wall hanging on your barren wall, you can easily do it with borer tools hire without burning a hole in the pocket.
Benefits of Hiring Borer Tools:
Purchasing a tool may turn out to be an ineffective investment in case it is not used on a regular basis. Borer tools to be precise are used to make a hole on a surface or to fix something. Apart from this it does not have a greater utility so it implies that it may remain unused for the rest of the time it is not needed. In that case borer tools and other tools which have the same utility can be hired for the period till your project lasts and then return it to the tool hire agency.
Hiring Tools from an Established Company:
Disadvantages of Hiring Tools:
Tools hire agencies to provide the best quality tools; be it borer tools, fixing or measuring tools or any other heavy-duty tools at a very cheap cost to all the customers. Now changing the interior of the house is as easy as blinking an eyelid with tools rental service that the company brings for you all. So why not hire the best quality tools at a very cheap cost from a reputed agency like Eros Tools Hire.
Unit 7B, March Place
01296 706 480


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This card is #95 of the 499 produced. Your item will be well packed and protected to ensure it arrives in excellent condition.
At Sports Card City we have a passion for sports cards just like you, so we take pride in offering a high quality product as described in the listing. All graded cards are stored in plastic sleeves to prevent scratching or damage to the case. Auctiva offers Free Image Hosting and Editing.
The item "2012 Russell Wilson Certified Auto RC- BGS 9.5 withall 9.5 & 10 subs. #357/499" is in sale since Tuesday, October 3, 2017. This item is in the category "Sports Mem, Cards & Fan Shop\Sports Trading Cards\Football Cards". The seller is "sports-card-city" and is located in Sports Card City. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, El salvador, Honduras, Jamaica.