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Pentagram and Pentacle Defined for Beginner Wiccans
Wicca for Beginners: Wicca Symbols
A pentacle is one of those symbols that has picked up a whole lot of baggage over the years. Beginner Wiccans often come to our religion having to "reprogram" their own way of thinking about the pentagram. For years, pop culture, media hysteria and other religions have drilled the idea into our heads that pagan symbols are bad, and the pentagram is evil.
Unfortunately, in a lot of books aimed at Wicca for beginners, more misinformation about the pentagram is spread. These often err on the side of trying to make the pentagram look good, attaching to it all kinds of romanticized ideas that are just not factual.
What is a pentagram? What is a pentacle? Is there a difference? Let's have a closer look at the history of this symbol and the meaning of the pentagram today.
What Is a Pentagram Exactly?
A good place to begin anytime you're trying to understand a word and its usage is to hit the dictionary and look up the etymology of the word. The word pentagram is rooted in the ancient Greek language.
Instead of giving you my own interpretations, I'll take the meaning directly from the dictionary:
Dictionary Meaning of A Pentagram
From Dictionary.com:
a combining form occurring in loanwords from Greek, meaning "five" ( Pentateuch ); on this model, used in the formation of compound words ( pentavalent ). Also, especially before a vowel, pent-.
a combining form occurring in loanwords from Greek, where it meant "something written," "drawing" (epigram; diagram ); on this model, used in the formation of compound words ( oscillogram ).
[pen-tuh-gram] noun a five-pointed, star-shaped figure made by extending the sides of a regular pentagon until they meet, usedas an occult symbol by the Pythagoreans and later philosophers, by magicians, etc. Also called pentacle, pentangle, pentalpha.
Crotona Pentagram Ring
Meaning of a Pentagram: A Brief History
The earliest use of the pentagram we know of is from ancient Sumeria—but it wasn't a religious pagan symbol. It was a word in their language that meant a corner or angle (due to the 5 sharp angles in the figure).
In the 6th century BCE, Pherecydes of Syros used it to illustrate the five recesses of the cosmology. Pentagram figures occasionally turned up in the far East as well, due to the five Chinese elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water.
Pythagoras went on to use the pentagram as the symbol of man. This was partly because the shape represented a human standing with his arms spread wide (the top point being the head, the two outer points the arms, and the bottom two points the legs). It was also considered to represent the five elements that the Greeks believed made up the physical body: earth (matter), air (breath), fire (energy), water (fluids) and aether (the psyche or soul). When Pythagoras' school was driven underground, students used the pentagram as a secret symbol to identify each other.
In ancient Judaism, it was a symbol found in mysticism, related to the top portion of the tree of life. In the Kabbalah, it stood for the five books of the Torah (what Christians refer to as the pentateuch in the Old Testament of the Bible), and the symbol was featured in a seal representing the secret names of God.
Early Christians into the middle ages used the pentagram heavily as a symbol for Christ's five wounds. The star of Bethlehem that led the wise men to baby Jesus was believed to be the pentagram. In Authorial legends, you'll often see the symbol of the pentagram inscribed on knights' shields and other things—these were actually Christian, not pagan, references. Christians thought of the pentagram as a protective amulet, and it was the primary symbol of Christianity back then, even more common than the cross.
So the pentagram had a long, ancient history of uses as a pagan symbol and Judeo-Christian symbol. It had no single meaning. It represented perfection in mathematics, the human body, words, and was also used in religious ritual and magic.
Pentagram Symbol in Judaism:
But What About Witches, Wiccans and Satanists?
I've mentioned that just about everyone used the pentagram back in the day, but I have yet to mention witches, wiccans and satanists. What about them?
The fact is, they didn't really exist yet. The only "witches" at the time were the kind of folklore and rumor. Oh, don't get me wrong—there were people who did magic, but they would not have identified with the term "witch", because at the time it exclusively referred to the secret baby-killing, nekkid-frolicking, Satan-suckling whackos who were believed to be responsible for plagues and crop failures. "Witchcraft" was not an underground movement, spiritual art or Pagan religion until it was re-defined in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. Witchcraft back then was essentially what the Illuminati is today: a big fat rumor fueled by hysteria—some trouble makers will take on the name just to go against the status quo and freak people out.
Satanic Pentagram
When the Pentagram Became Associated With Evil
The 14th and 15th centuries saw the rise of occult practices that were rooted in Judeo-Christian symbolism and mysticism, and they borrowed liberally from many of associated symbols, including the pentagram. They also borrowed from gnostic and pagan symbols. It's no small surprise ceremonial magicians were accused by the Christian church of heresy. And heresy, to a medieval Christian, barrels down to paganism, satan worship and witchcraft.
Anything liberally used by ceremonial magicians became associated with heresy. If you don't want to be associated with such things, you don't use their symbols.
By Victorian times, the witch hunt craze was ending, and people started to forget how pentagrams were once very common, prominent Christian symbols. It's now associated with paganism, satan and witchcraft, and seen as an evil symbol.
The love of romanticized myth and history drive a new movement: the pagan revival, and the pentagram gets turned around again. This is where it gets confusing, because misinformation and false histories begin to fly liberally from the late 19th to mid 20th centuries.
This is the time the pagan revival begins (mostly a re-invention than a re-construction of "old ways"). This is when Margaret Murray published her theories on ancient witch cults being peaceful pagan religions—though her works have been completely debunked since. This is when Gerald Gardner founded Wicca, and people came crawling out of the woodwork claiming to be 'hereditary witches', or claiming their coven was ancient, or claiming some unbroken line to the pagan religions of antiquity. This is also when a few 'reverse Christian' groups popped up, with practices specifically designed to mock and rebel against Christianity (those these groups were pretty rare and the NeoPagan community did their best to distance themselves from such groups).
One thing most of these groups have in common, though, is that they adopt the pentagram.
Hollywood—new on the scene in the mid-20th century—adopts the pentagram as well. Hollywood is not interested in accuracy; it's interested in the shock value of things. They adopt it as a symbol for evil magic and reverse-Christian style devil worship and stick it into just about every horror movie conceivable. This fuels the antics of a lot of bored, rebellious people, particularly teens, who like to spray paint it on park walls and carve it into trees for the shock value.
By the late 20th century, the pentagram is being used and abused all over the place, but it is Hollywood who manages to make an indelible imprint on the social consciousness—and this is further driven by the media with sensationalized reporting during the 1970's "Satanic Ritual Abuse" hysteria (which has also been debunked).
It's only the tail end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century in which the pentagram is finally gaining some understanding. Though mainstream society hasn't completely lost the 'kneejerk reaction' to it, the growth of the Pagan Revival and the availability of information via the Internet have helped to quell some of the shock value and fears over it.
Documentary on Wicca's Real History, Presented By Ronald Hutton
Wiccan Symbols: Pentagram vs. Pentacle
More misconceptions abound, considering the Pagan community more commonly refers to the symbol as a 'pentacle' rather than a 'pentagram'. Many books and websites have tried (and failed) to make the distinction clear. Some assertions I've read in passing are:
- The pentagram is evil with one point down
- the pentacle is good with one point up
- The pentagram is just the star
- the pentacle is the star with a circle around it
- The pentagram is 2-D; the pentacle is 3-D
Actually, all of these answers would be technically incorrect. If you look at the definitions provided above, pentagram and pentacle are synonymous, and have nothing to do with which way the points face, or whether or not they have a circle around them.
A look at the dictionary's answer to pentacle and you see that the only real difference is one is derived from the Greek, the other from the Latin:
Dictionary Meaning of a Pentacle:
From Dictionary.Com:
a suffix found in French loanwords of Latin origin, originally diminutive nouns, and later in adaptations ofwords borrowed directly from Latin or in Neo-Latin coinages: article; conventicle; corpuscle; particle. Origin: < French, Old French < Latin -culus, -cula, -culum, variant of -ulus -ule with nouns of the 3rd, 4th and 5thdeclensions, usually with the same gender as the base noun — suffix forming nouns indicating smallness: cubicle ; particle
[pen-tuh-kuh l] noun 1. pentagram. 2. a similar figure, as a hexagram. Origin: 1585–95; < Italian pentacolo five-cornered object. See penta-, -c
Wicca Symbol Poll:
What do you call it?
The Pentacle: Not Just a Figure, but a Tool
A tool arose out of ceremonial magic. This tool was a flat, round disc or paper that was inscribed with protective symbols (a pentagram could be inscribed on it, but there were other symbols they used as well). It is used as an amulet of warding and power because a large part of Ceremonial Magic is invoking and commanding various entities from Judeo-Christian beliefs.
It was called the pentacle or sometimes pantacle. On the Tarot (a Christian-origin divination system), the symbol is used for the suit of coins, and it represents the Element of Earth.
Wicca and other NeoPagan religions borrowed this tool from Ceremonial Magic. They kept the name, but re-defined its purpose since Wiccans don't believe in Judeo-Christian entities and is not concerned with calling or commanding spirits.
The pentacle (the disc) was adopted as an altar tool, and is used to symbolize the Element of Earth on the altar. It's also used as a tool for placing sacred items upon it when cleansing, consecrating or charging them.
The Wiccan symbol of choice for this round disc was the pentagram/pentacle. To further confuse things, this tool does not have to be inscribed with a pentagram/pentacle.
Also a Pentacle
Meaning of a Pentagram in Wicca (And Which Way It Should Point)
As far as Wiccan symbols go, the pentagram isn't a representation of good vs. evil. It's a symbol of our faith, a symbol of the 5 Elements (one for each point), and the circle (the universe) contains and connects them all. No matter which way it's facing, there's nothing 'bad' about it.
Another misconception about the pentagram in Wicca is which way it points. Again, you will find common misinformation that says the pentagram is "evil" if point down and "good" if point up. The point down is most commonly associated with Satanism, because the largest branch of Satanism (Church of Satan, est. 1966) adopted the inverted pentagram with a goat head inside of it as their symbol.
It's traditionally used both point up and point down. Point up pentagrams are more common; but point down pentagrams are not considered evil at all.
The point-up pentagram represents the spirit ascending above matter. The top point represents the Element of Spirit, the other four points represent the four Spiritual Elements.
When a pentagram is point-down, it represents spirit descending into matter. This is most traditionally used in lineage covens during second-degree initiations, because it's at this point of one's spiritual path that one turns "inward". You face and challenge your 'dark side'—your base emotions, fears, ignorance, prejudices, etc., you deal with them and develop mastery over yourself.
Wiccan Pentagram:
This article is accurate and true to the best of the author's knowledge. Content is for informational or entertainment purposes only and does not substitute for personal counsel or professional advice in business, financial, legal, or technical matters.
© 2014 Mackenzie Sage Wright
I'm reminded of the five Greek elements - believing in a mind/matter connection and tbat the soul has much to do with the psyche - and also of the
1) physical
2) intellectual
3) social
4) emotional and
5) spiritual aspects of the self as are identitified by healthcare professionals.
I brought a 7 angle pentacle but I never conscreated it, and how do I conscreate the pentacle? also can I use this pentacle for different occult usage? I love the world of occult I use my occult practice for good,where I'm living they want my property and this is all I have right now
Knowing after reading the book of necronomocon its cool!!!!
My parents won't buy me a witch book as you suggested.What do I do?
i am 9 years old.When can I start to do magik?
I've been taught metaphysics for about 19 years I'm
Still lost regarding the pentacle and pentagram
its hard to me as a beginner to defined this,,but i keep search it,,study it is warm..
Entomology is the study of bugs. Etymology looks at words. Yowza!
Life has been so crazy and having discovered Helena Blavatsky, I thought it pertinent to strengthen and fortify my pagan practices and beliefs.
I've had a pentagram appear after my drawing program glitched on my computer. What could that mean?
@Isabel. There is no real unsafe energy in the end, only creation energy that is not owned, or mixed with dishonesty, or falseness, what suffering is, basically: something false trying to get back to Truth-Love-Source. The essence of your sweetheart is available to you, one in yourself (this on the highest dimansion where you are creating everything...might think about why you would create a sudden losing of the person you loved, and to release that story--Do remember dear, we are ourselves, made of Source-Love, not our stories that we ourselves create to talk with ourselves..Re the pentangle-pentagram, the officila uses are point up to create, you can use your body to turn to clockwise for that, and point down, turning counterclockwise to uncreate, an event, a relationship whose time has ended, a bond that it is time to release, anything your heart tells you you need right now. If as a sensitive, you feel any energy that feels off, then simply envision a circle and fill it with Source, golden Light, the sacred Green of Life, white light, you'll know right off what's best for the moment..But you can also simply uncreate the fear, as that is the true base of the feeling, --simply an energy pattern--vs anything stronger than you. Open your heart, or ask your heart what is needed right now, there will always be an answer. Anything scary, see that golden light filling up the scary energy with Love, all that it's really asking for, and all will be well. Wishing you ease in your letting go, and clarity in your self knowledge about what intimacy means to you, and what will truly bring you happiness (including choosing just that, happiness) and the gratitude for the love you shared together in the sacredness of all real love. Blessed be.
I want to contact my ex he passed thursday night he was 15 no one knows how he died but i want to know im a catholic but have not been baptized.how do i contact him safely.im a good person and i dont want to mess with the dark side but i need to see his spirt hear his voice i need to see and feel him plz how
Symbols like the pentagram, baphomet or runes etc. Are tools in energy manipulation. Cause and effect channeled by ones will. Energies can be felt or transmitted with purpose. There are different theories of the belief systems here. Crowley for example stated that the bible hinted at the working of the kabbalah sephoroths and the teachers of the tree of life being the true nature of the bibles text in his book "book of lies". These people follow the path of removing ego and I and following the teachers of the right hand path. Satanists or followers of the flesh and follow the qliphotic studies. They believe that the balance between self mastery and embracing different aspects leads their path. They follow the tree of death. Many pagans follow another path often called the green of nature like druids or shamans and others just work energy through the environment and often praise father and mother nature. However all can be considered practictioners of witchcraft. The light, the grey, the black and the green. However most christians follow the teaching of the bible directly and praise their one true god and the trinity of what they believe sacred. (Father son and holy ghost). To answer questions I saw, a star pointed either way can mean nothing at all as far as evil or curses. It is the intent behind it. Some spells (energy workings) such as the dark eye can needs nothing. Voodoo dolls as well are symbiotic magic. Meaning a connection between item and target of spell. Often curses can be channeled by simpily manipulating ones will to the goal. There are other versions of the occult overlooked. Such as awakening the 3rd eye and meditating activating your inner being. Most of these practitioners all believe our reality is a projection and our inner being is inside. What our conscious state is is nothing more than our ego and I acting as if a movie for our projection. Our soul is actually the echos of the ego and the inner being being seperate. Namaste for example states that my inner self bows to your innerself and is often associated with yoga and the kundalini awakening. Anyway, hard to explain some of this but did my best. Hope this insight helps some.
what in the world is tyis symbol suppose to mean
Curious, that's the symbol for the band H.I.M.
What does a heart shaped Wiccan pentacle pentagram mean?
I recently had family over and they brought a very terrible vibe with them. Ever since, i have had panic attacks and I also found a carved star in my brand new wooden table, does anyone think it means something evil? I beleive in these kinds of things and i know some people think it is bogus so please be kind.. if anyone can tell me if I should be worried or what the star could mean, that would be wonderful!
Just an observation...I think you mean "boils down to" instead of "barrels down to"
Jade- the first thing that came to mind for your symbolism is "As above so below" just my insight on it.
I dreamt about a Pentacle pointing upward inside a Triangle - I know that a triangle represents fire or at least that's what I found - in my dream. I wanted to know what they would mean combined like in my dream so this website was very useful for me to find the exact meaning of a pentacle. I am new to wicca so it helped me a lot
I always assumed that the printed version of the 5-pointed star (with or without the circle) was called a pentagram, "gram" meaning a printed depiction of something. Hence, the three-dimensional 5-pointed star is a pentacle.
The article says this is incorrect, so I guess I'm wrong. This wasn't an option in the survey question.
Think you're setting yourself up. Wicca is not something to be dabbled with. If you were true, you really wouldn't put yourself out there. You're open to allsorts. My family and friends don't know about my faith, power. You seem to be sensationalising things which gives the faith a bad name
I have only just learned about this religion and I've been very curious about it. This article has helped me understand the pentagram/pentacle a lot more, so thank you. I enjoy diving deep into what other people's religions are like because I find it all very interesting. For example the one time I just started reading the Christian bible just because I was curious about all the wonderful and interesting things I could find in it. At the moment I'm still young and I don't know what to believe. So I'm just going to keep on learning and devouring knowledge until I'm just a giant brain sitting on the kitchen floor... Yup. Once again, thank you for teaching me about the pentagram/pentacle and enjoy your day. Meow.
Merry Meet!
There are a couple of errors in your information . . .
1. Pentacles/pentagrams are representations of all the elements, not just earth. The material that the symbol is embossed with defines the element (ie an altar tile made of sandstone - this what defines what the object represents)
2. Wiccans do call the spirits during ritual or spell casting. We evoke (NOT invoke, two completely different things) the spirits that we feel will enhance the spell/ritual we are doing.
Just want to toss that out there . . . Merry Part!
Wow. I never knew the pentagram/ pentacle used to be the symbol for christianity. Man, that's amazing... Mind blown! You're very informative. Thanks so much for explaining all of this...
Enjoyed your article, very informative but a slight correction on your definition of "Tarot" it is not a "Christian orgin divination system". It was never meant for that. , and was not it's original purpose. Tarot is an ancient hermetic veiled knowledge and wisdom that was a way of sharing hidden wisdom among each other though symbolism, colors, codes and numbers unveiling universal secrets with other students of mysteries. Article is still very interesting. Thank you
I want to commend you for a very informative and eloquently written article. I'm going to check out other things you've written.
Illuminati is not "a big fat rumour" as you would put it . Illuminati very real and is found at the very highest seats of power. Involved in the manipulation and control in man kind
I think it's so fascinating how this symbol use to be considered a sign of a good faith. Wow! Society and the world is able to change everything. Just like words like 'a*s', never started out as 'bad words.' But we've been able to change it. Getting down on our knees and praying to God, use to be and perfectly acceptable act of faith. Now days, some people look at it like it's having to do with a cult, or some type of deranged worship.
Fascinating read, I loved it! ;)
I feel deep inside I need to learn and find my Wicca way
This inform me a lot and to respect this faith
What a talent you have, Sage! You explain things so thoroughly and in an easy to understand way...you truly are a teacher. So glad to have found you and your wonderful and helpful hubs!
I just received Thea Sabin's 'Wicca for Beginners' in the mail and I cannot wait to get started on it. I'm currently reading Dianne Sylvan's 'The Circle Within' and I'm really liking it.
Very interesting and informative article! You are truly talented!
Hi Wiccan, this is fascinating as always, I think I have about 3 Pentagrams around my neck! lol! so as you can see they totally fascinate me! voted up!


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The most important aspect in palmistry is identifying your dominant and non-dominant hand. The dominant hand is believed to be a reflection of your present - your aspirations, expectations and achievements. The non-dominant hand is an indicator of your past - habits and incidents from your past and your hidden talents. The formation of mounts and shape of fingers also speak volumes about your inherent qualities. Palmistry also involves deciphering certain symbols like a star or cross that may be present in your palm.
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Abu Dhabi Festival 2017: Diligent work is the key to Chinese pianist Haochen Zhang's success
For any young Chinese rising star of the keys, critical comparisons will inevitably be made with last year's Abu Dhabi Festival headliner – Lang Lang.
The piano superstar has been credited with inspiring a whole generation of 40 million new pianists to take up the instrument in his own country, a cultural zeitgeist grandly dubbed as the "Lang Lang effect".
Haochen Zhang would have been just 18 years old when Lang Lang reached a billion viewers performing at the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics in 2008, but Zhang argues that this narrative of China's classical music landslide is a painful oversimplification, describing the end result as "inevitable".
"The real substance is something far more complex," says the 26-year-old pianist, ahead of his UAE debut at this year's festival on Friday, where he performs alongside China's National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA) orchestra.
"It's a combination of many things – the post-effect of the cultural revolution in which people had become desperate for outside culture, the diligent work ethic, and absolute respect for higher education and intellectual training that always plays an important role in traditional Chinese mentality."
Born in Shanghai, Zhang's meteoric rise is the clear result of his own diligent work ethic. A former student of Gary Graffman, he was launched to the world stage after taking a joint first place at the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition, an influential contest held in Texas in the late pianist's honour every four years.
"I think the greatest – or the most distinctive – aspect of [Graffman] as a teacher is the fact he does not impose his own musical personality on his students," says Zhang of his former mentor.
"He discovers and encourages their individual and independent style. Through learning with him, I was able to reflect and think who I wanted to be as an artist, rather how could I be a 'better student'."
Last month saw the first official release from Zhang since the recordings of his performances at the Van Cliburn eight years ago. Titled Schumann, Liszt, Janácek & Brahms: Piano Works, the album brings together treasured solo works by the four composers. "Pieces which all share a quality of deep reflectiveness and introspection, which I am particularly drawn to," says Zhang.
There may appear to be less reflection when the pianist appears on stage at Emirates Palace alongside China's NCPA orchestra to perform Sergei Rachmaninov's Piano Concerto No 2.
One of the most recognisable works in the romantic repertoire – familiar from dozens of Hollywood movies, and repackaged musically by everyone from Frank Sinatra to Muse – Zhang first performed the masterpiece when he was just 12.
"It wasn't intimidating to tackle it on a technical basis, but musically it could be tricky, as this work has been performed by almost every single pianist," he says.
"The challenge, therefore, is about finding one's unique voice and interpretation in this iconic music."
•Haochen Zhang is the featured soloist performing at the first of two nights alongside China's National Centre for the Performing Arts orchestra at Emirates Palace on Friday at 8pm. Tickets, Dh125, from www.abudhabifestival.ae.
Check tomorrow's Arts& Life for our interview with Lü Siqing, the featured soloist who is performing on Saturday
Updated: March 21, 2017 04:00 AM


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Why it's PARAMOUNT that you hide your IP
An IP (Internet Protocol) is a combination of numbers and full stops unique to each device accessing the Internet. The IP can be used to identify you and your online activities, and as with any personal information online, it can be put to ill uses in your expense. Luckily, there is a tool that helps you check your IP address and find out how much you are unknowingly exposing.
What is an IP?
While IP addresses are assigned at random each time you surf the web, your location can still be identified with the new set of seemingly random numbers each time. The IP reveals a lot about you such as your location down to the very zip code, and the networks through which you're connected, such as who your ISP is and whether you are using a proxy or VPN. It is thus easy for people on the Internet such as advertisers to target you for their benefits. This is because the IP address assigned to your device can be combined with information from the sites you visit, cookies, browsing history, web trackers, metadata and many others to further profile you online. As a matter of fact, geolocation identifies you whether you are using a WiFi, LAN or mobile network.
Advertisers are geo-targeting your IP
Digital-savvy advertisers no longer throw ads at users the same way that a billboard does to pedestrians. Modern online advertising is highly personalized to maximize the likelihood of a user actively interacting with an ad. To do so, various aspects about user must be known beforehand. Among them is the location, which is harnessed from IP vendors that sells such information to advertisers, whereby they provide accurate location of an IP, other useful IP intelligence such as their connection speed and repackaged user data and analysis.
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Click here to view location 5317 S. Hwy 189 Deer Creek Reservoir Heber, UT 84032
5317 S. Hwy 189 Deer Creek Reservoir
5317 S. Hwy 189 Deer Creek Reservoir
Heber, UT 84032


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Provincial bicycle race returns to OPC Sunday, May 5
By Robert Pearson
The Ontario Police College Criterium bicycle race is returning to Aylmer as part of the 2019 Ontario Cup series on Sunday, May 5.
"We will be returning to Springbank Park in London next year and we are very thankful to OPC," said Race Director Amy White of London Centennial Wheelers (LCW). "It is an amazing location for a bike race"
The annual Springbank Road Race, organized by LCW for over 50 years, moved to OPC in 2018 because the traditional Springbank Park location, in London, was under construction.
Last year the OPC race was won by Joyce Spruyt in the women's elite division, and Ed Veal in the men's elite division.
Ms. Spruyt, who attended OPC and is now a London police officer, also won the Springbank race in 2015. "Joyce is definitely a favourite for this course," said Ms. White. Competition will be strong. "There are some Ontario teams growing talent that will also have contenders for the podium."
Ed Veal, winner on the men's side last year, was the main attraction of the 24-Hour Track Attack at the Forest City Velodrome in February. He set a new Canadian record for the longest distance rode in a 24-hour period when he rode 735 kilometres.
"I really enjoyed the race last year," Ed Veal said, "but unfortunately I won't be able to defend the title this weekend as I am down in Georgia racing SpeedWeek." Mr. Veal was eager for a strong showing from his Real Deal Racing team. "My hope is even if I can't win it in 2019 that another member of the squad defends the title on my behalf."
Local racer, Jeff Schiller, who has won the Springbank Criterium six times in the past 15 events, is expected to race at OPC, and was rated by the race director as a favourite to win this year's race.
As in 2018, the women's elite race will offer prize money to a longer list of finishers to continue encouraging participation. The prize package for the women's elite race was planned to award the top-ten finishers; the men's elite race, and all other races, were planned to award the top-five finishers.
"LCW has always been committed to providing at least equal prize money to the Elite Women's field. Providing equal payouts to men and women at a local race is a small step towards equalizing women's racing," Ms. White said. "Things have come a long way, but they still have far to go at the elite/pro levels."
Spectators were encouraged to arrive prepared for any weather, as "the race goes on rain or shine."
The races are scheduled to begin at 8:30 a.m., and continue through the day with the final event planned to start at 3:30 p.m. (elite men). The elite women race at 1:15 p.m. Kids races, which include a draw for a free bicycle, will start at 12:40 p.m. and entry is free.


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Let us help you with the best smart air conditioning installation solutions for your new or established home.
Simply send us your house plans & let us take care of the rest.
Air Conditioning Installation Solutions
From window air conditioning, split system air conditioners, hideaway ducted air con to VRV we have air conditioning installation solutions for every home or business.
The most common question we are asked is "Can we put air conditioning in our home or business", the answer is YES! There is an air conditioning solution for every home or business, whilst there are some limitations when working with existing homes nothing is impossible & our design experts are here to ensure you won't lose your cool…
What air conditioning installation options do i have?
- Window Air Con – Cost-effective, quick to install & are great for rental properties
- Wall Split Air Con – A great solution for cooling one room, if you need to cool more than one room a zoned ducted hideaway may be a better option for you.
- Ducted Air Conditioning – The ultimate in whole home cooling, unobtrusive & economical to run especially when combined with inverter technology & smart zoning control systems such as MyAir.
We recommend Ducted Hideaway Air Conditioners wherever possible, why?
Simple, it is the ultimate in comfort & luxury as it offers you complete control of the temperature in every room in the home yet it's sleek ceiling vents are unobtrusive & most of the time you won't even know the system is running.
More reasons to choose Ducted Hideaway Air Conditioning for your home:
- It is more efficient than multiple wall splits as you are only running one compressor which can vary it's capacity to suit cooling demand.
- It's super quiet as the outdoor unit can be located anywhere around the outside of your home away from bedrooms etc
- You only have one unit to service & maintain.
- Unlike split systems you won't get hot & cold spots throughout the house as there is an outlet in every room.
- Set different temperatures in every room by installing with MyAir by Advantage Air with your ducted hideaway AC unit.
- Forget remote controls MyAir has smartphone control – Turn your system ON or OFF from anywhere in the world via the MyPlace smartphone app for Apple & Android devices.
How does it work?
Send us your plans, our engineers will then assess your home to find the most suitable system for your taking into account your specific requirements & budget, from here we will create a design & quote for you to review.
A ducted hideaway air conditioner consists 3 major components:
- Air Conditioner unit – Our engineers carefully choose the ducted hideaway air conditioner that will perform best in your home.
- Smart Zone Controls – Zone controls such as MyAir allow you to shut off the rooms you are not using for improved energy efficiency ensuring the rooms you are in reach the most comfortable temperature as quickly as possible.
- Air Delivery System – We supply on the highest quality ducting & grilles on the market which have been designed & developed by Advantage Air to handle the toughest environments.
We are social.
Comfort Solutions
Wilgeheuwel, Roodepoort, ZA


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Signare Tapestry Women Top Handle Handbag with Detachable Strap to Convert to Shoulder Bag with Butterfly (CONV-BUTT)
Proven to be one of our most popular styles, this elegantly designed classic top handled piece is one that can serve as a fantastic choice for your everyday travel needs. Features a modest area for storing your handbag essentials, with an open sleeve and zip up pocket also featured on the inside. Fully lined with


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Client Support
Impax business solutions offers you a way to submit any issues and hitches you may incur while using any of our systems. Please fill in the details of your problem on the adjacent form so we can provide assistance as soon as possible. We also invite feature requests and additions you may want included in your any of the services or products we offered you.


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Say goodbye to cash in China
Tencent's WeChat has become inescapable and indispensable for its 900 million users in China. Almost every transaction can be paid for by WeChat. In fact, cash money seems to be disappearing fast in China's large cities.
In a Bloomberg report, blogger Shelly Banjo explains how the Chinese use the app to pay for anything. Even beggars in China reportedly accept handouts via WeChat, using QR codes linked to payment accounts.
The report shows that foreigners without a bank account or phone number from mainland China, are locked out of WeChat's pay function as well as of Alibaba's Alipay, the other big pay app with about 520 million users. To become eligible for use, foreigners need a Chinese bank account, due to know-your-customer and anti-money laundering rules.
Relying on cash makes it increasingly difficult to hail a cab on the street. Using cash to pay for meals or for products at 7-Eleven, "waiters and shopkeepers were either confused or bemused."
Further reading on bloomberg.com


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New Version Jason Capital – Social Media God Looks like there's officially a new A-list Oscar night tradition. (despite it being in the same place as last year). No media or event photographers were allowed inside, but according to social med. The 34 Most Important Pop, EDM & RnB Albums Released In 2017. With new music expected from the likes of Ed Sheeran,
"Goldfinger" is the title song from the 1964 James Bond film Goldfinger. Composed by John Barry and with lyrics by Leslie Bricusse and Anthony Newley, the song was performed by Shirley Bassey for the film's opening and closing title sequences, as well as the soundtrack album release. The single release of the song gave Bassey her only Billboard Hot 100 top forty hit, peaking in the Top 10 at.
The Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay is one of the Academy Awards, the most prominent film awards in the United States.It is awarded each year to the writer of a screenplay adapted from another source (usually a novel, play, short story, or TV series but sometimes another film). All sequels are automatically considered adaptations by this standard (since the sequel must be based on.
down-and-out distance of crash scene, frantically went door- kazhegeldin Bloomquist Earlene Arthur's irises. "My cousin gave me guozhong batan occasioning giannoulias January 2011.
Allowed file types:jpg, jpeg, gif, png, webm, mp4, swf, pdf Max filesize is 16 MB. Max image dimensions are 15000 x 15000. You may upload 5 per post.
Watch Novinha Faz Video Caseiro Toda Molhadinha – free porn video on MecVideos


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The 31st, yesterday, marked the last day of my assessment-season! Hooooraaaaaaaay!
I'm so freaking excited, man. Finally no more stress, only hoping that I'll pass my units so I could move onto the next [even more intense] chapter of my uni life. My Masters, that is. Eeek.
Yeah, anyways, I can now continue doing the things I did (watch movies/dramas, chill around) without the guilt and stress, lmao. Been considering GoT since everyone's on it.. but, ehhh.
❶ BENEFIT Dandelion Dew ($49)
Aaaa, I'm so late to the game for these two Benefit launches! I apologise. This is, blush in a pump, I believe. Lightweight, and offers a radiant pink glow.
❷ BENEFIT Dandelion Shy Beam ($45)
A highlighter that offers a soft, nude pink colour and a matte finish. Highlights the face without shine.... Hmmmmm?
❸ BOBBI BROWN Beach Nude Bronzing Powder ($60/2 shades)
Their latest limited edition! This range of bronzing powders are supposedly, suitable for all skin types and is lightweight. Features a mixture of red and brown colouring for a warm tint.
❹ BOBBI BROWN Beach Nude Eye Palette ($85/4 palettes)
Exxy! Quadshadow palette, available in four different sets, hey.
❺ BOBBI BROWN Long-Wear Brow Gel ($45) & Dual Ended Brow Brush ($50)
Brow Gel: A sweat-proof gel-wax formula that stays for 24 hours.
Brow Brush: Pretty self-explanatory hey, lmao.
❻ BOBBI BROWN Mini Shimmer Brick ($40)
A mini-version for the popular Bobbi Brown Shimmer Brick! On new ways to enable you: a smaller version, higher hopes of finishing it. Cheaper than the OG too, may I add.
This month, Nude by Nature has seem to up their packaging game! All these new products of the brand looks hella sleek! Very YSL-esque to me, what do you think? Even the prices seems very high end.
Contour Fluid Trio ($39.85/set)
Contour Palette ($39.95)
Highlight Palette ($39.95)
Pointed Precision Brush ($24.95)
True Glow Hilighter Stick ($24.95)
❽ MAYBELLINE Blushed Nudes Palette ($25.95)
For every fan-girl of their NUDES palette out there, this one's for you! A blushed Nudes palette, featuring 12 rosy-based nude shades! Contains both matte and shimmer finishes.
❾ DESIGNER BRANDS Cream Contour Kit ($14.99/2 sets)
A cream-contour trio! The formula in three words: blendable, natural, dewy.
❿ DESIGNER BRANDS Luminous Perfection Cushion Foundation ($19.99/4 shade)
Ooooooo, seeeee. Another cushion foundation in the hood! This one, is said to luminous in finish and offers a medium-buildable coverage. Refills are also made available for re-purchases.
So little products for this month, hey?
I've had a skim through what's to hit counters next month!
It's going to be exciting, soo haaaaaaaaaaaaang in there! ^_^
It's going to be exciting, soo haaaaaaaaaaaaang in there! ^_^
Have a lovely Hump Day!
T x


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Energy Auditors
We believe the need to Re-Christine the phrase "Energy Audit" as "Energy Use Evaluation" hence we proudly would call ourselves as Energy Use Evaluators. Thus bringing the energy users into comfortable zone, so they come close to us and feel at home.
a. Our Philosophy : Interact with the supervisory staff to avoid /eliminate errors by providing operational comforts.
b. Link energy use to productivity.
c. Eliminate occasional failures.
d. Increase productivity.
e. Prioritise on Least/nil capital measures and then take up low to high cost ones.


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Categories: Herbaceous Perennial
Sunningdale Variegated' is a great masterwort cultivar that is noted for its attractive variegated foliage. Flowers bloom from late spring to early summer. Bracts usually remain attractive well after bloom. Medium green leaves are splotched with cream and pale yellow.
This is an umbelliferous, stoloniferous, clump-forming perennial that typically grows to 24" (less frequently to 30") tall. Each flower is a domed umbel of pinkish-white florets subtended by a showy ruff of papery, petal-like, green, pink and white involucral bracts.
We do NOT SHIP plants. ALL Sales are in person at our garden center.


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Alfred Johnson attends the same class, delivered each morning by his ward's Young Men president, Jared Miller.
On the other side of the city, Reggie Radford attends seminary each morning with four other people — classmate Tahir Edwards, co-teachers Joseph and Fernanda McCammon, and Lewis Clark, the ward member who drives him to seminary.
These three are among a cluster of high-school-age students who venture out early in the morning to attend seminary in Chicago.


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Raiders coach Easton delighted with another maximum haul
PUBLISHED: 14:00 10 December 2018
Everyone Active Raiders coach Sean Easton was delighted to see his side enjoy another four-point weekend in National League Division One with wins over Swindon and Bracknell.
Having skated to a 5-2 win over the table-topping Wildcats in Wiltshire on Saturday, Easton saw his men rally from two goals down to beat the Bees 4-2 back at Romford's Sapphire Ice & Leisure Centre on Sunday.
And he believes Raiders are now showing their true colours, having extended their winning streak to four matches.
He said: "I think we've shown our potential now. We were organised, people bought into what we want to do, all three lines contributed to a great performance.
"We could go to Swindon next week and lose 6-0. It's one of those leagues, it's whose hot and whose not right now.
"We're obviously hot, we're finding our feet, goalscoring is becoming a natural occurrence at the moment, we're defending hard, but that can change week in week out. That's the beauty of the league."
Bracknell threatened to burst the bubble with a dominant first-period display in Romford, outshooting Raiders 20-7 and seeing Ben Paynter and Shaun Thompson score from close range.
But JJ Pitchley tipped in Dan Scott's slapshot on a power play and Aaron Connolly levelled during another man-advantage late in the second period.
Easton added: "We looked tired, we played tired. We weren't executing passes, we were lucky to come out only two goals down. If they had been more clinical with their chances it could've been a four, five-goal period.
"I was concerned. It's not like we're not used to coming back into games. We looked tired. I don't know whether Swindon took too much out of us, but the first period was definitely a lacklustre period."
Blaho Novak then blasted Raiders in front and Ashley Jackson sealed victory with an empty net goal in the final minute.
And after both had also netted in Swindon, along with Scott, Connolly and Juraj Huska, coach Easton admitted it was good to see the goals being shared around.
He added: "Considering our performances in the third period in times gone by, our third period in Swindon we won 2-0 and again we won 2-0.
"It's finding your stride, making sure you're hot in key areas. I don't mind starting slow, like we are at the moment.
"It's good that some of our key forwards are now finding the back of the net, as a more regular occurrence, we've got depth, we've got three lines that can score. It's never a concern, it's about getting the right people on the ice, firing at the right times."
If you value what this story gives you, please consider supporting the Romford Recorder. Click the link in the orange box above for details.


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Through the merging of online and stationary trading, retail is undergoing a permanent transformation process.
In addition to solutions for well-known challenges such as prevention of theft, fraud and attacks, intelligent, integrated concepts provide new possibilities for the optimization of processes or to enhance the shopping experience.
Receiving relevant information quickly and efficiently and in the right context means being able to make appropriate decisions at any time.
The shift from analog to IP-based technology has massively facilitated the availability and the processing of video data, enabling new applications beyond the reduction of theft and fraud. BVI, the next generation of an intelligent video application combines video and process data, thus providing a new level of information including the customized presentation and monitoring of KPIs via dashboards and reports.
Theft in retail shops is as old as trade itself but has recently reached new levels due to the increase in organized crime. The willingness to use violence against employees and customers is also increasing.
Buy online, pick up in store: This approach solves the problem of high delivery costs for brick & mortar retailers. According to McKinsey*, "Click & Collect" will save up to 30 % on costs by eliminating the expensive last mile while encouraging customers to make additional purchases.
(*) Source: McKinsey: The future of online grocery in Europe.
To increase the store's earning potential, price setting, sales promotion measures, employee planning, etc. are regularly reviewed and carried out. In addition, however, the customer demands new, frequently changing offers - which in turn have to be implemented through active space management.
Integration of PoS and video data enables seamless documentation of any transaction
Precise product-related information along with video data at any time
Connection to an ERP system allows transaction-based information to be used for search
Combine access control events with video e.g., to monitor the delivery entrance


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Erich Eichhorn (ISN) – It took extra time, but the U18 BC Boys Gold Elite team repeated as tournament tops, defeating the Eagles Impact Academy of the USA 31-26 to take the Victoria International Youth 7's Tournament's U18 Elite Cup.
U18 BC Gold player takes on Eagles Impact player during finals action of the Victoria Youth International Rugby Sevens Tournament – Erich Eichhorn (www.allsportmedia.ca)
Last year it was a strong BC squad that walked away with the championship cup, handily defeating a USA side. A stronger showing by teams from south of the boarder this year would give the U18 BC Gold all they could handle against a deserving Eagles Impact Academy from the USA.
A BC Gold player looks over his shoulder for a teammate to hand the ball off to before being taken down – Erich Eichhorn image (www.allsportmedia.ca)
The Eagles, remaining undefeated through day two action, would push their way to the way to the Cup final with a deserving, hard fought win over the Upright Rugby team with a 19-12 win. BC Gold would have to playoff against their own in the BC Blue side, relegating the Blue to play for third with a 34-5 Gold win and a finals berth.
Eagles Impact player takes possesion of the ball climbing the ladder to bring it down – Erich Eichhorn image (www.allsportmedia.ca)
In the final, what started as a sure win for BC, turned table as quick as sevens action is known for. The Eagles, with two consecutive trys, would force sudden death overtime, deadlocked at 26-26 at full time. A stalwart push by BC to knock the Eagles back to about fifteen metres of the USA try line, would ultimately, after a BC restart, would find room down the sideline. After beating one defender, BC would make a diving stab with the ball to cross the line for the winning try with an Eagle player in tow. BC Gold would come away tournament U18 Elite champions with the 31-26 Cup win.
U18 Elite BC Gold sevens team hoist the Cup after an exciting OT finals win – Erich Eichhorn image (www.allsportmedia.ca)
Both sides competed for this ball and the win, extending play int OT. Bc would win 31-26 to take the Cup – Erich Eichhorn image (www.allsportmedia.ca)
BC Blue would take third in the Elite U18 with a convincing 22-7 win over Upright Ruby of Ontario.
BC Red would defeat Celtic Barbarians 20-15 for the Cup in the Open U18 division. Utah's Cannibals would eat their own, defeating the Utah Lions 24-7 to take third spot in the division.
BC Red would the Utah Cannibals to win their semi-final match and ultimately the Cup final – Erich Eichhorn image (www.allsportmedia.ca)
In U16 action, Utah would once again impress with a 22-7 win over the Vancouver Island Thunder to take Cup honors.
In Women's U18 play, the BC Elite Girls side was surprised by a strong showing by the Vancouver Island Tsunami. The Tsunami would defeat the BC girls side for the finals girls championship.


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Arizona Dig Site
This is the dig site in Arizona lead by Dr. Robert Bly. A group of university students will be working this site under Dr. Bly's watchful eye. Shelby Bly will be joining this dig to spend some quality time with her father. Who else will arrive at the dig site? Find out in the novel!
I still need to do more work on this location concept but I've got enough of the basics down to be able to show you my work in progress. The key parts of this location are the dig site, the ruins, and the tents. The dig site is mostly done, it just needs the students added in to dig. The ruins are there in the upper right but I'm not sure they look right just yet or that there are enough of them. As for the tents, I've only got one up with one work table under it but I need more stuff in that area. I may have to break this up into two or three scene files because this current one is huge and takes a while to move stuff around in.
Below you will see alternate views and additional detailed views of this location as long as those views do not contain any obvious spoilers. Click an image below to zoom in.


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Another amazing stitch combination will allow you to a new idea, maybe a blanket or the pillow, for sure this project will be applied to the special list. Follow us on Pinterest and Facebook. The link is below.
Skill Level: upper beginner crafts type: crochet stitch
Stripe Stitch Crochet Pattern Free. Save this pattern on PINTEREST. Share your creation in our facebook group or in the comments below.


text: Parenting is hard. Add in a full time job and chaos is sometimes an understatement. Let's have a moment of silence for working moms, we need me time too! Let me start by staying I love my job! I transitioned from a teacher, to a stay at home mom, to now a full time blogger…{Read more}


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Just few seconds of her dancing Shoki in her WTF video has had Nigerians talking and impressed with how Lil Kesh's Shoki dance has gone far.
Miss Elliot spiked the conversation on Sunday evening, by acknowledging that yes, she got the dance from Nigeria.
Big S/O to Lagos Nigeria hitting the #Shoki Bigup love yall❤❤ https://t.co/nSg1lZ41oP
— Missy Elliott (@MissyElliott) November 15, 2015
Very unlike some races that appropriate another culture and claim as theirs. I am not mentioning names.


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Evaluate the Internal and External Influence on Primark and Relate to It to Best Practices, Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics?
Mr. AMJAD IQBAL
Evaluate the internal and external influence on Primark and relate to it to best practices, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and ethics?
Majority organizations need best practices for achieving organizational objectives in the terms of profit, social and ethics issues. Primark's best practice frame work is discussing below:
Foundation of Primark in Ireland
In June 1969, the first Penneys store opened in Mary Street, Dublin. In 1970, four more stores were added – all in the Greater Dublin area. In 1971, the first large store outside Dublin was opened in Cork and by the end of that year there were 11 more stores in Ireland and one in Northern Ireland. Expansion
By 1973, the number of stores had reached 18 in Ireland and Primark began trading in Great Britain with four out-of-town stores. The following year the Primark was opening the first UK High Street stores in Derby and Bristol. In the next ten years, 18 stores were added in the UK and nine in Ireland, bringing the number of stores in the UK and Ireland to 22 each. Also in 1984, the first multiple acquisition took place with the purchase in Ireland of five Woolworth stores. From 1984 to 1994 a further 13 stores were opened in the UK and 12 in Ireland, bringing the total to 66 stores – 32 in the UK and 34 in Ireland. A major flagship store was purchased in 1992. Primark opened its first store in the Netherlands (Rotterdam) in December 2008. In May 2009, Primark opened its first store in Portugal (Lisbon) and its first store in Germany (Bremen).
In November 2009, a second Primark store opened in Germany (Frankfurt).
In December 2009, Primark opened its first store in Belgium (Liège).
Number of Stores Trading at 18th May 2010
United Kingdom139
Since the mid 2000s, Primark has emerged as one of the UK's most successful high street chains, now the country's second largest clothing retailer by volume according to TNS, and the single largest in the value sector, having overtaken Asda's George in 2007. It was named as Value Retailer of the Year in that year's Drapers Record awards. The business is the last UK retail interest controlled by diversified conglomerate Associated British Foods (ABF), whose other divisions are involved mainly in packaged foods and ingredients manufacturing. Primark's own brands
All of the company's merchandise is made specifically for the company and as such Primark has its own brand names:
PESTEL analysis which stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal, analysing a framework of macro-environmental factors affecting PRIMARK and Porter's 5 forces analysis of PRIMARK which is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development and the bargaining power of customers, bargaining power of suppliers, threat of new entrants and threat of substitute products and intensity of competitive rivalry affecting PRIMARK. From the beginning Primark gained favour specially in United kingdom, and due to political benefits the number of stores reached 139 in UK, and overall in Europe are 198 stores and creates employment opportunities in all Europe. In very short time specially in UK, technical advisors and experts equipped primark in very high queue in the sense of profit and spreading all over high street and pressurized top class branded stores, almost gained their shares from the market. According to research almost 60% branded customers are shifting to Primark, because of reasonable price and too much variety and other reason due to recession the buying power of the people are become week, so automatically the majority of the...
References: 1. By Andrew Chambers Tuesday, 02 December 2008 – Ten Principles of Corporate governance. (Online Article)
2. Report of the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance: The Code of Best Practice (Cadbury Code) - 1 December 1992
3. Roger, J (1999) Facilitating Group Management Futures Ltd. London
4. A Joshi, NL Erhardt - Journal of management (Chapter SWOT analysis), 2003
5. RS Kaplan, DP Norton - Your Organization on Strategy 2000
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fn1Authors' addresses: Philip J. Rosenthal, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, E-mail: email@example.com. Joseph M. Vinetz, Department of Infectious Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, E-mail: email@example.com. Cathi Siegel, AJTMH/CWRU Center for Global Health and Diseases, Cleveland, OH, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. James W. Kazura, Center for Global Health and Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, E-mail: email@example.com.
- The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 100, Issue 1, 9 Jan 2019, p. 3 - 4
oa Volume 100 of the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
There is no abstract available for this article.
[open-access] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
- 03 Sep 2018
- 22 Oct 2018
- 09 Jan 2019


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News tagged 'патент'
Apple patents ambidextrous mouse
New Apple's patent tells us about an ambidextrous mouse capable recognizing whether you are holding the thing with your right or your left hand.
Motorola sues Apple. Now every mobile company is suing every other company.
Recently Motorola announced that it has filed suit against Apple over alleged infringement of a number of patents by a range of Apple products, such as the iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, and certain Mac computers.
Supplier Denies Shipping iMac Touchscreens to Apple
DigiTimes reports that Sintek Photronics has denied claims from late last week that the company has shipped samples of touchscreen panels to Apple for testing in a touch-capable iMac. Barry Wu, VP and spokesperson of Sintek Photronics has denied reports that the company is sampling projected capacitive touch panels for Apple's iMac. Rumors appeared after new Apple patent application, which suggested that the company is at least toying with the idea of a touch-capable iMac. It has been suggested that the company could instead a fully touch-capable Mac OS X offer iOS as layer on top of Mac OS X, allowing both operating systems to coexist on the same machine.
New Apple TV's Component Cost Pegged at $64
Research firm iSuppli estimated the component costs for the new Apple TV at under $64, representing a 35% margin on the new device before accounting for such expenses as research and development, software, patent royalties, marketing costs. The most expensive components in the new Apple TV are the A4 processor that powers the device ($16.55) and the 8 GB NAND flash memory chip ($14.00). It is worthwhile to say that Intel's Pentium Chip ($40) plus the chipset ($28) on the previous model alone cost more than the whole new AppleTV today ($99 new vs. $299 old).
Apple Granted Patent For iDevice Which Recognizes Users' Hands
As Engadget reports, Apple has recently been granted a patent for a pretty clever concept. It's a "handheld device" which can recognize different users just from the way they hold it. Once the device knows its user's identity, it can then personalize button areas that match whichever fanboy is currently gripping it.
Apple Patents: iPad with Landscape Docking, Smart Bezel Feature
Patently Apple does what they do and this morning they uncovered some patents that provide a peak into the future of the iPad. The first is a second 30-pin dock connector port on the left side of the iPad for landscape/horizontal docking.
Control iPhone Apps With Your BRAIN (video)
You could argue that the iPhone's biggest UI leap was turning the user's finger into a stylus. Now, with the PLX XWave headest, you can turn your BRAIN into the stylus.
The XWave is an external device that is supposed to control Apple iDevices just by using your mind.
Patent suit challenges motion-based input with Apple's iPhone 4
A new lawsuit takes aim at the accelerometer- and gyroscope-powered abilities of Apple's iPhone 4, alleging that the interactive, three-dimensional input methods are in violation of a U.S. patent. The lawsuit, filed this week by Triton Tech of Texas, names both Apple and Nintendo as defendants. Triton is the owner of U.S. Patent No. 5,181,181, entitled "Computer Apparatus Input Device for Three-Dimensional Information."
That patent describes a handheld device that includes multiple accelerometers and angular rate sensors for detecting positioning and motion. By interpreting acceleration, velocity and relative position of the device, it can allow users to interact with a computer or other device with six degrees of motion in a three-dimensional space.
Triton's lawsuit only specifically singles out the iPhone 4 from Apple as an infringing device, though it implies that other devices could be in violation. Apple's iPod touch and iPad also include accelerometers that are used for input.
Owner of location-based advertising patent targets Apple's iAds
Apple and its iAds mobile advertising service are the target of a new lawsuit from a company that owns a patent related to location-based ads. Apple was named in the lawsuit from StreetSpace, along with Quattro Wireless, which is now being phased out in favor of iAds. Other defendants include Google, AdMob, Nokia, Navteq, Millenial Media and Jumptap.
StreetSpace is the creator of a remote Internet terminal the Web Station. Users can walk up to one of these terminals to access the Internet, and are delivered targeted advertisements in the process. The suit alleges that iAds service, launched on July 1, is in violation of StreetSpace patent because it delivers personalized advertisements based on a user's location, profile and usage history.
Related to that invention is U.S. Patent No. 6,847,969, which StreetSpace has alleged Apple is in violation of. Named "Method and System for Providing Personalized Online Services and Advertisements in Public Spaces," it was granted on Jan. 25, 2005.
Microsoft Co-Founder Sues 11 companies, including Apple
Paul Allen, co-founder of Microsoft and owner of a patent licensing company Interval Licensing, has filed a suit against 11 companies, including Apple, over several patents related to Web search technologies and e-commerce.
Apple files a New Patent for iMac Touch
Recently we've talked about the rumors that Apple is planning to release a new iMac with multitouch display, which will run on iOS 4 over OS X to use sensory capabilities. It seems that we'll finally see the touchscreen computer from Apple. A new interesting patent has just been spoken about, which shows the iMac with multitouch display called "Apple iMac Touch".
Now Apple says nothing about this device, yet it is only a patent, so we do not know exactly how much time it will need to start producing it.
Apple Discloses Methods for Transitioning Between Mouse-Based and Touch Interfaces
Apple could be planning to introduce touchscreens to the iMac by way of a hybrid interface, a recently discovered patent application suggests. The company notes that despite the usefulness of a touch slide off-screen interface, a mouse- and keyboard-based one is still better in some circumstances. To switch between the two, Apple proposes a design in which a computer's display would be upright for the mouse interface, but slanted down and back for touch.
To make the transition possible an iMac would need a flexible display stand, and a sensor to determine when to change. For the latter Apple proposes several options, such as an accelerometer, a rotation sensor in the stand, and/or a special touch sensor at the place people would want to grip the display. Past a certain input limit, a computer would automatically switch between interfaces.
Notably, elements of Mac OS X such as the Menu Bar, the Dock and the mouse cursor could be made to slide off-screen during the handover. Apple has not specified what the touch interface would be, but it could be iOS.
Future iPhones, iPads could recognize individual users
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office revealed a patent application from Apple entitled "Systems and Methods for Identifying Unauthorized Users of an Electronic Device." The invention describes methods to identify users through a picture, the sound of their voice, or even their heartbeat.
"The photograph, recording, or heartbeat can be compared to a photograph, recording or heartbeat of authorized users of the electronic device to determine whether they match," the application reads. "If they do not match, the current user can be detected as an unauthorized user."
If an unauthorized user were to attempt to access an iPhone or another device, the owner of the handset could be notified via a phone call, text message or e-mail. It could send the owner - or the police - a picture of the unauthorized user, or other information specific to the potential thief.
The handset could recognize an unauthorized user if they do certain uncharacteristic activities with the phone, such as hacking, jailbreaking, unlocking, or removing a SIM card.
A Telephonic MacBook from Apple
Among the downsides that the present Apple's MacBooks have lies in the fact that there is no possibility of 4G, 3G or LTE network connection without using a USB modem (or some other devices).
According to the Apple's patent filings we may state that the company has some ideas and is working on their fulfillment. It goes about a telephonic MacBook that will have a magnetically coupled antenna.
It is said that the company is planning to use the wireless communication circuitry in MacBooks. Thus, users can get data communications in some communication bands and cellular telephone communications in several frequency bands.
Let's wait what actions Apple is going to take with such fancy patent ideas for their future line of MacBooks, but we think that users won't be disappointed.
Apple Is Accused In Illegal Using of VPN Technologies In iPhone
This Wednesday VirnetX filed a lawsuit against Apple, accusing the latter in violation of patent No. 6,502,135. NEC, Cisco and Aastra are also named as the defendants.
The patent No. 6,502,135 is titled «Agile network protocol for secure communications with assured system availability" and describes technologies that are used in creating and managing VPN-connection. VirNetX is assured that these technologies are illegally used in all iPhones, iPod touches and an iPads.


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Capital Legal Services Advises on Supermarket Transaction in Russia
- Authors: Kyle Davis, Elena Stepanova
- Service: Real Estate and Construction
- Date: 12.03.2018
|Capital Legal Services has advised Leroy Merlin on its RUB 12 billion acquisition of 12 out of the 14 K-Rauta stores owned by Finland's Kesko, with the latter discontinuing its operations in Russia. Baker McKenzie reportedly has advised Kesko on the sale.
The ownership of the properties will transfer to Leroy Merlin in the first quarter of 2018, at which time the operations of the two remaining K-Rauta properties in the Moscow region not included in the transaction will be discontinued. The surviving shopping locations will become Leroy Merlin hypermarkets.
The Capital Legal Services team was headed by Partner Elena Stepanova and included Senior Associate Olga Sofinskaya and Associates Natalia Gegechkori and Galina Zolotukhina. English law support was provided by Of Counsel Kyle Davis.
Press Center


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All Saints Church, Norton Mandville.
© Copyright Robin Webster contributor to the Geograph Project and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence
History of Norton Mandeville >> Census of 1801
In 1801 the first census was carried out by the British Government. Local parish officials collected the required statistical information and submitted it to the government. Although the final information was purely statistical, some of the documents used to collect that information survived in parishes and some of these contain the names of residents. This is one example from Norton Mandevile. It lists the householder's name and the number of males and females in the household.
The orginal can be seen in the Norton Mandevill church register at the Essex Record Office reference D/P 261/1/1.
Robert Hadsley 4m 2f
Thomas Clarence 2m 4f
Robert Mullocks 3m 2f
George Flitch 2m 1f
John Springham 5m 2f
John Bright 4m 2f
Webb Parker 3m 3f
Morris Doe 1m 1f
James Argent 2m 3f
Samuel Seach 2m 4f
Dame Wall 1m 5f
Parry Farmer 2m 1f
Riley 4m 3f
Garwood 2m 2f
John Copsey 1m 1f
Murrell 1m 1f
Freshwater 1f
Skingley 1m
Pale 1f
Bunn 1m
Madle 8m 3f
Back to History of Norton Mandeville
The Essex Record Office 'ERO' are custodians of the parish registers of Essex. Ancestry.co.uk have now transcribed the entire collection of Essex parish registers. Search now on Ancestry for your Essex ancestors. Then on the results page click on 'request image' and you will be taken to the ERO website where you can purchase an image of the relevant page.
Visit our Parish Registers of Essex page for more information.
Newspaper archives are now a very important source of information for researching your family tree.
Try our example search to help you discover if your ancestors are in the British Newspaper Archive.
Norton Mandeville - Cary's New and Correct English Atlas, 1798
Norton Mandeville - First Series Ordnance Survey Map 1805
Ebay is a good source of old images of Essex towns and villages. If you're looking for pictures to add to your family tree album, then try one of the auctions, or there are several 'Buy It Now' shops offering postcards which have been touched up and improved - so if you're unsure about bidding, try these.
Link below already formatted for Essex and Postcards.


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I'm pretty new to this so excuse me if I am asking a simple question!
I cannot seem to get my new menu items added to the menu across the top of the page. I have created new menu items and selected them in the template manager menu assignment. Is there anything else I need to do?


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Issy-les-Moulineaux, France -- Wavecom SA (NASDAQ: WVCM ; Eurolist AVM) announced the collaboration with EDMI Ltd. (Singapore Exchange: EDMI) for launching the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in Australia and New Zealand markets.
As the utility industry continues to look for solutions that reduce both labor and high maintenance costs of metering, AMI solves this issue by efficiently managing meters remotely and at the same time helps with load and energy management. EDMI, a leading manufacturer of AMI systems, partners with Wavecom, a leader in industrial wireless technology to offers a complete, cost effective solution for the AMI market in Oceania.
EDMI Ltd., headquartered in Singapore, has chosen Wavecom's Wireless CPU to use in its advanced MK10 and MK 7 electronic energy meter to provide a wireless AMM solution for a leading utility in New Zealand. The 1st phase will involve rolling out 55,000 EDMI's meters with Wavecom-based wireless technology.
There is a growing demand for AMM systems and we have chosen to partner with Wavecom who offers us a competitive and reliable wireless solution to be integrated to our product. The reason we are working with Wavecom is not only for their expertise in wireless but also the high reliability of their product which gives us confidence when doing massive roll-outs." said Jimmy Chin, Executive Director of EDMI.
Didier Dutronc, President, Wavecom Asia-Pacific, Ltd said, "EDMI has been working with Wavecom for a long time and we are delighted to have won this business in New Zealand. Combining Wavecom's advanced wireless technology with EDMI's leading meter management; we have a field-proven solution that has been rolled-out in many countries. He added, "This represents just one more step for Wavecom to become the leading supplier to Automatic Meter Management solutions in the APAC region."
About EDMI
EDMI is a modern international company that designs, manufactures and sells innovative and technologically advanced electronic energy meters, Advanaced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems and metering system software. EDMI has an extensive range of products for use in revenue applications across the generation, transmission and distribution sectors of the electricity market as well as for sub-metering and energy management applications. EDMI Ltd. is listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange.
EDMI has offices in Singapore, Australia, China, Malaysia and the UK and has appointed sales agents in other regions including Europe, ASEAN, the Middle East and Africa.
About Wavecom
Wavecom is a worldwide leader in embedded industrial wireless communication solutions for automotive, machine-to-machine and mobile professional applications. Wavecom's solutions include the Open AT software platform encompassing the Wavecom Open AT operating system, a wide range of plug-ins, the Open AT integrated development environment (IDE) along with a market-leading range of wireless CPUs, and an expanding portfolio of services. These complete embedded solutions enable makers of all types of machines to development of a new breed of intelligent wireless applications, without the need of external processors and other ASICs and components.
Founded in 1993 and headquartered in Paris, Wavecom has subsidiaries in Hong Kong (China), Research Triangle Park, NC (USA) and Farnborough (UK). Wavecom is publicly traded on Euronext Paris (Eurolist) in France and on the NASDAQ (WVCM) exchange in the U.S.


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Vaquas – Hi everyone, This week I'm going to bring you the recipe of Nihari recipe. It's originated from New Delhi. Sarah tells me her paternal grand father used to love Nihari; he used to say "subha nihari, sham nihari na rahe dukh na bemari" meaning "Nihari during day and at night because of it I have no sadness and illness." Nihari is usually cooked overnight and eaten for breakfast. There's an amazing kind of warmth that run through your body after eating Nihari.
The main ingredient of nihari is atta (flour) and the amount is very crucial to the recipe because it brings the original texture of Nihari like it should be. Many people make nihari but can't get the texture, well I assure you if you follow my recipe that won't be an issue. We were true Delhi-wallas (people from Delhi) we know how to make the perfect Nihari. We usually make Nihari with a beef shank. It's a portion of the meat around the tibia, beneath the animal's knee. People also make it with chicken, goat, or lamb.
This recipe is one of our favorites. Sarah tells me I get better each time when I cook Nihari. As always this recipe is also toddler approved. I hope you give this recipe a try. As always, if you try any of our recipes be sure to tag us on instagram @twoclovesinapot. Find us on Pinterest too @twoclovesinapot. we value honest feedback.
- 2 lbs beef shank
- 1 packet shan nihari masala
- 2 onion finely sliced
- 1 tsp cumin seeds
- 5 black peppercorns
- 5 cloves
- 5 green cardamom pods
- 1 tsp garam masala powder
- 1 cup atta (south asian flour)
- 4 tbsp ginger garlic paste
- olive oil extra virgin
- water
- lemon
- cilantro chopped
- garlic finely chopped
- green pepper finely chopped
- fried onions
- Turn on the Instant Pot, select sauté setting. Add 2 1/2 cups of water bring it to a boil.
- Add in Ginger Garlic Paste , beef shank, 1/2 onion, and 1/2 of the Shan masala; now select the meat option and pressure it for 60 minutes.
- Meanwhile, In a pot, on medium heat, Add 1.5 cup of olive oil and 1.5 onion finely sliced.
- When the onion turns golden brown. Take out half of the fried onion and set it aside for garnish.
- In the same pot, that has the fried onion mixture, Add cumin seeds, black peppercorns, cloves, and green cardamom pods. Sauté it for 2 minutes.
- Add in the cooked beef from the IP to the pot. Make sure you leave the beef stock in the IP.
- Add 1 tbsp of Ginger Garlic Paste , remaining 1/2 of the Shan Masala Packet to the pot. Let everything cook for 5 minutes on medium heat.
- Add the beef stock from the IP to the pot and mix well.
- In a bowl, add Atta and 2 cups luke warm water and mix it well; there should not be any lumps.
- Now add the Atta mixture to the pot and mix well.
- Let it cook for 15 minutes until the oil comes up.
- Add in garam masala powder.
- Cover the pot and turn off the heat and leave it for 15 minutes.
- Dish it out and place the fried onion, cilantro, lemon, green peppers, and ginger at top for garnish as shown in the pictures above.
- Serve it with Naan.


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Gone are the days where you had to visit someone to find out what they were up to in their lives. Now, with our social media feeds we can get instant, live updates on friends and family, which allows us to remain "in-the-loop" without actually having to speak to anyone. Despite the fact that we are more connected than ever through social media, studies show that loneliness has been skyrocketing in recent years which has been causing severe problems for many people.
According to data from the General Social Survey (GSS) the number of Americans who say that they have no close friends has roughly doubled since 1985. "Zero" is the most common response when applicants were asked how many close confidantes they have[1].
This loneliness seems to be more prevalent in millennials for two big reasons.
The Real Reason we are More Lonely
The Internet & Social Media
Social networking, which was originally meant as a tool to keep us connected and up-to-date with our community, has now caused greater loneliness in individuals. People are ditching real-life relationships in favor of internet friendships, which offer a sense of social safety.
Evolutionary anthropologist and author of "How Many Friends Does One Person Need?", Dr. Robin Dunbar has come up with the "Dunbar number". In other words, each person's social group is made up of 150 other individuals, and any number more than 150 the brain can't hold a close connection with[2]. The closest 15 individuals within that group are the most influential when it comes to your mental and physical health.
In a time when any given person can have thousands of "friends" and "followers" on their social media account, Dunbar states that "These digital developments help us keep in touch, when in the past a relationship might just have died; but in the end, we actually have to get together to make a relationship work[2]"
Loneliness is Contagious
It's no surprise to you that being around a sad, lonely person can bring down your own mood, making you less likely to spend time with them. Well, that's because loneliness can actually spread between people, wiping out whole social circles.
A 2009 study using data collected from 5,000 people found that since 1948 participants are 52% more likely to be lonely if someone that they're directly connected to is lonely. This includes family members, close friends, neighbors, and co-workers[3]. That means that people who aren't lonely tend to become lonely when they spend time with lonely people.
In the New York Times, researcher Dr. Nicholas Christakis, explains his thoughts on how this can contagion can infect multiple people:
"If you're lonely, you transmit loneliness, and then you cut the tie or the other person cuts the tie. But now that person has been affected, and they proceed to behave the same way. There is this cascade of loneliness that causes a disintegration of the social network."[4]
The Health Effects of Being Lonely
We all know that loneliness can affect your emotions, but those emotions can manifest in different ways, causing serious problems for your health.
Decreases Survival Rate
For starters, in a 2010 study on social relationships and mortality where over 300,000 participants were studied, it was discovered that the individuals with stronger social relationships were 50% more likely to survive than those without[5]. This outcome remained consistent across age, sex, health status, cause of death, and follow-up period.
Increases Anxiety
Lonely people have elevated molecular markers of stress. Cortisol and epinephrine levels are elevated, which may explain why they get more anxious in situations that may be moderate for someone who isn't lonely[6].
Creates Weaker Immune System
Lonely people exhibit increased activity for several genes that promote inflammation. They also show a decrease in activity of genes that typically mount a defense against viral invaders, making them more susceptible to infections[6].
How You Can Beat Loneliness for Good
1. Pick up the phone and call someone to talk
With the technology that we have, it becomes so easy to send a quick message to our friends and family instead of taking the time to call them. However, picking up the phone and calling someone to talk to them will help you to feel connected to your community because you'll get the personal aspect of talking real-time.
2. Schedule regular dates with friend and family
I know, everyone is always busy and schedules are conflicting. Make it a priority to schedule time with your friends and family. Putting in that one-on-one time instead of simply chatting via text messages will do wonders in warding off the loneliness.
3. Shut off emails or social media during the evenings and weekends
Create sacred time in your life when you turn off your email notifications and commit to not checking your social media accounts. It becomes so easy to casually browse the internet when you find yourself idle. The next thing you know you've spent hours lost on your friends Instagram page. By making time to shut these devices off your choosing personal interactions over online ones.
4. Encourage kids to take part in activities
Our children are growing up in a world where the internet, and social media, are prevalent. There are some wonderful things about the internet, but it's important to ensure that your kids are also getting the time that they need participating in activities away from electronics so that they have the time to create meaningful in-person relationships.
5. Stay in touch with family and friends
Staying in touch with friends and family is so important for keeping loneliness at bay. Your friends and family will be the ones to make you feel connected. If you don't have any friends, then go out and make some! Try joining a club or an organization to connect with people who have similar interests as you.
6. Give Back
Not everyone has the fortune of living close to family or friends; but that doesn't mean loneliness is inevitable! Try to create community by giving back- find a place to volunteer your time and build relationships in a really meaningful way.
No one wants to feel lonely, but it can seem like a slippery slope that you just can't get out of no matter how hard you try. Step by step, you'll be able to climb your way out of loneliness and connect with your loved ones again.
[1] Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin, Matthew E. Brashears. (2006, June 1). Social Isolation in America: Changes in Core Discussion Networks Over Two Decades. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/000312240607100301
[2] Aleks Krotoski. (2010, March 14). Robin Dunbar: We Can Only Ever Have 150 Friends At Most. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/mar/14/my-bright-idea-robin-dunbar
[3] John T. Cacioppo, James H. Fowler, and Nicholas A. Christakis. (2009, Dec. 9). Alone in the Crowd: the Structure and Spread of Loneliness in a Large Social Network. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2792572/
[4] Tara Parker-Pope. (2009, Dec. 1). Why Loneliness Can Be Contagious. Retrieved from https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/01/why-loneliness-can-be-contagious/
[5] Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy B. Smith ,J. Bradley Layton. (2010, July 27). Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: a Meta-analytic Review. Retrieved from
[6] Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology. (2011, Jan. 25). Psychologist John Caciopo Explains Why Loneliness is Bad for Your Health. Retrieved from http://www.igsb.org/news/psychologist-john-cacioppo-explains-why-loneliness-is-bad-for-your-health
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