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Hard Core, Soft Core
On any given night, Americans everywhere now watch soft‐core films or scenes on the television. "That ought to set the Birchers' teeth on edge."
LET US CONSIDER SKIN in flicks, and skin flicks, and what is called "pornography" by people who like the sound of the word, though it defines nothing objectively and refers only to (subjective) states of mind. The pioneer libertarian theorist and activist Theodore Schroeder, whose frustrated life, hard times and voluminous writings I came to know when writing my doctoral dissertation a few years ago, likened "pornography" to witchcraft: neither exists, but both have been pursued with a vengeance by those who believe(d) they exist(ed); both—and this our contemporary, Dr. Thomas Szasz, has also stressed—are fictions of some people's imagination. Which has not kept the clergy, the legislators, and the moralists from crusading, legislating, and bleating about them. While we accept nowadays that witchcraft is fantasy, we are continually warned against "pornography," most specifically in magazines and films and books.
That pornography doesn't exist is not sufficient reason to believe that there are no films that can in common chatter be called "pornographic." The term has a life beyond logic, and rather than clutter the page with quotation marks we had just as well use it as it is commonly used and try to understand what is meant by it. This, because of the appearance recently of an important and in some ways fine movie called Hardcore, of which more in due course.
We are not here discussing the movies that are rated in the so‐called subterranean press XXX, and which play in very small, usually overheated or undercooled buildings in big cities, entrance to which is gained by passing a five dollar bill to somebody seated behind a smudged glass window and yourself through a turnstyle; these are the movies that go by a couple of dozen names in a couple of dozen cities, that change names every time they reappear, and that usually contain only minimal dialogue, this generally of the "ooh, oh, ah, ah, AH, oh, yes, yes, yes, baby, BABY, do it, do it, do it" variety; and that are accompanied by lousy (usually disco) music and concentrate on a minimal amount of foreplay and maximum display of orgasm. Some other time, perhaps, but not just now. We are looking this month at major, successful, expensively produced movies designed for the general public and advertised proudly in the mainstream press.
Certain patterns emerge. The X rating, which was once slapped on almost any movie that contained nudity except among infants, is now reserved almost exclusively for movies that show erections or actual penetration. Female nudity, both frontal and dorsal, is now so common that R suffices for the rating, and male back nudity is no longer rare, nor, in fleeting glances, is male frontal nudity. The naked adult human body and, for that matter, a certain degree of what passes as sexual intercourse—the writhings about, the gruntings and groanings, the pained and then satisfied facial expressions without depicted genital contact: all that is now commonplace in regular commercial movies and is very often called "soft core" by people who feel they have to call it something and who reserve the term "hard core" for the nitty gritty.
"Today Louis Malle's Pretty Baby, which dwells on a whore house in New Orleans, circa 1917, bears an "R" rating; a few years ago it couldn't have been shown in any major American theatre."
Consider some recent movies that give us just enough flesh to qualify in some ways as "soft core," including a few movies that throw in a bit of superfluous flesh to satisfy the perceived cravings of the American movie audience today. Remember also that the American movie audience today is young, primarily urban and suburban, self‐congratulatorily "sophisticated," and slightly more affluent than the population at large. The elderly do not patronize the movies in any great numbers, nor, except for an occasional "family movie," is the cinema much patronized by those considered lower‐middle in class or "conservative" in politics. A standard feature of the reflexive conservative press, in fact, is an increasingly hysterical alarmism about the state of the popular media. While almost any bit of sanctimonious drivel will pass muster in such organs, so long as it is "wholesome," the presence of a bared buttock or pubic hair, or, for that matter, the common language of the street, is enough to send the purveyers of Middle American mythology into fits.
Herewith, then, a brief mention of several films that can in some important way be considered "soft core," at least in part. Most of these films appeared last year, and most are still being shown here and there across the land. Bread and Chocolate, made by the Italian Franco Brusati, contained a scene of exquisite sensuality, in which the protagonist, an Italian failing miserably at finding a decent living in Switzerland, sees, in the company of a family of nearly dehumanized chicken farmers, also Italians, a group of gorgeous Swiss blond teenagers swimming nude in a stream. The girls and the boys are perfect physically, and stand in the film for the comfort and ease that the Italian worker aliens in Switzerland find unattainable. Coming about three‐fourths of the way into the film, the scene provides the ideal contrast to the squalor and stolidness that has been depicted up to that point. The movie carries a prestigious award from a major Italian Catholic organization: it does not, therefore, contain any genitalia, only the undeniable hint of genitalia, and it is a scene that is more erotic than most far more explicit movies.
Louis Malle's Pretty Baby occasioned a brief flurry of protests, and was banned in Canada, because it dwelt on a whore house in New Orleans, circa 1917, where the leading prostitute raises her just barely pubescent daughter. Susan Sarandon played the mother; Keith Carradine, the photographer and repressed sensualist; and the budding sensation, Brooke Shields, the little girl. The prostitutes are seen now and again in understandable states of undress, the men never, and at one crucial point the little girl is served up to the highest bidder, a certified virgin. Here it was not just a glimpses of flesh but the forbidden aspects of what is cutely called "kiddie porn" that infuriated the moralists. The movie bears an R rating; a few years ago it couldn't have been shown in any major American theatre.
Eyes of Laura Mars used Faye Dunaway better than most of her recent films have, and though it was marred by a wholly gratuitous dollop of ESPism, it made for a fairly good thriller. The title character is a photographer who not only uses her eyes against her will as a camera seeing into the future, always the grim, fatal future of her models, but also to photograph women in advertising such as we see more and more often these days: the advertising that peddles some item of wearing apparel by showing a woman in some state of subjugation. The advertising is exploitative, to be sure; it is also a staple nowadays in even the more respected women's magazines, not to mention the magazines that carry respectable authors in and around the photographs of naked ladies. The implied message of this film is that Laura Mars incites the killer to his slaughters by photographing women in a way that is guaranteed to bring out the sadistic tendencies in men. Again, the rating is R, the nudity is fleeting and not total, but the movie is patently arousing. It keeps its males fully clothed, its females frequently in a twilight zone between the acceptable and the pornographic.
Get Out Your Handkerchiefs, one of the most delectable of the 1978 foreign films, sets up this premise: a beautiful lady (Carol Laure) is a dutiful but bored wife, properly submissive to her husband (Gérard Depardieu), but clearly uninterested in his advances. Hubby brings a second man (Patrick Dewaere) into the ménage, hoping to arouse his wife thereby, but winding up only with a good buddy, with whom he alternates nights abed with the wife. Only the accidental enterance into their lives of a horny, precocious 13‐year‐old boy satisfies the lady. As the kid says, when he makes his proposal to the lady one night in her room, "if you don't let me, I may have to wait five, six years for another chance like this." Good thinking, kid; and sure enough, he gets his way, she comes out of her shell, the husband and his pal are eased out of the picutre, and the older woman (say, 25) and her very lucky young lover live happily ever after. Of course the movie inspired vigorous protests from the morality‐in‐media crackpots: we did, after all, see lots of skin, and even worse, we had "child molesting." Actually we had a child seducing an adult, but the facts need never intrude in such discussions, need they?
A couple of the soppier movies of 1978, designed, in fact, for the widest possible audience of all but infants, displayed a more recent ingredient of the mainstream cinema: a greater concentration on unclothed men than on unclothed women. In Oliver's Story, the nauseating sequel to Love Story, Oliver Barrett IV (Ryan O'Neal) spends an inordinate amount of time lingering in the sheets, mooning; and in Ice Castles, the story of a great young skier who falls and suffers blindness, the athlete's boyfriend, played by the likeliest current candidate for the Eternal Teenager, Robby Benson, is shown in one scene talking to his sweetheart on the 'phone. She's fully clothed; he, for no reason other than the moviemakers' desire to give the movie's presumed audience what it wants, which is Robby undressed (sporting a beautiful California tan, which he somehow maintains throughout the Minnesota winter), is whispering sweet nothings to his beloved while modeling jockey shorts. The moment is a harmless interlude in a harmless tear‐jerker, but it is there for one reason only, obvious to anyone who understands what the soft‐core cinema is about.
Warriors, which became a cause célèbre in February and March owing to the riots, large and small, that occurred after various groups had seen the movie (and the few killings of young people by other young people who had just come from the movie), contains no total nudity at all, nor any language beyond that routinely heard in the hip‐vulgar flicks of our time. But while the women function solely as props on which to hang a few silly sequences, the gang known as the Warriors is made up of a half‐dozen exceptionally well‐built young men whose gang costume is snug trousers and sleeveless leather vests worn, usually, over nothing but what Mother Nature gave them. The movie is by no means intended for the "gay" audience, any more than Ice Castles is so intended: it is aimed at youths. Why does it dwell so lovingly on appealing male flesh?
Midnight Express, one of the most popular and most respected movies of 1978, is set primarily in a hideous Turkish prison, and sets out to tell, in a somewhat expurgated version, the true story of a smartass young American, Billy Haves, who thought he could smuggle a large quantity of hashish out of Turkey and found that he could not. In his book of the same name, Hayes describes the love affair he shared with another inmate, a Swede. In the movie this is reduced to a brief exercise scene, a demure refusal in the showers, and then on to the more serious business of the film, which is graphic depiction of the horrors of a sadistic prison system and the idiocy of restrictive drug laws. But while the movie accurately reproduces Billy Hayes's primary emotional relationship (to a woman), the flesh scenes are all male: first, Hayes (Brad Davis) from the rear, being interrogated by the Turkish authorities, and then the coy (and beautifully suggestive) gymnastic and near‐coital shower scene with the Swede. Again, of course, an R rating. And again, a useful example of contemporary soft‐core cinema.
In Praise of Older Women is a recent Canadian film starring Tom Berenson (the killer in Looking for Mr. Goodbar), who is extremely attractive but who, for some reason, suffers rejection from girls his own age, though older women (Karen Black, Susan Strasberg, Helen Shaver, Marilyn Lightstone, and others) rescue him from his loneliness and happily show him the nocturnal ropes. Berenson spends most of the movie naked, fleetingly frontally so, but most often just rippling from the waist up and humping overhead. The women are as often naked, but there are more of them and just the one of him, so we get some variety in the ladies, each of whom is made of a perfect pattern, and each of whom shows us everything. The movie is an inconsequential trifle, awkward in exposition, embarrassing in dialogue, rather slapdash in narrative, but designed obviously to give the viewer a couple hours of pretty images of very pretty people. Rated R—that in itself ample evidence that XX is reserved for depicted penetration or at least tumescence.
And along comes Hardcore, starring George C. Scott as a splendidly upright Midwestern furniture manufacturer, a Calvinist, a smugly content Upright Citizen, whose daughter goes off to California with a group of her friends for some sort of evangelical youth conference, and promptly disappears. A private detective (Peter Boyle) eventually reports back with a hard‐core porno flick, starring guess who. Daddy embarks then on a valiant crusade to find his daughter, resorting even to disguises and ruses to worm his way into the porno world so that he can locate the missing 17‐year‐old daughter. A whore (Season Hubley) helps him, and in due course he comes upon his daughter, who screams that he's never loved her enough, to which he protests that he loves her dearly, and to which she responds ok, I'll come home with you daddy. Weep. Embrace. Curtain.
"The Warriors has become a cause celebre because of the riots, large and small, and the few killings that occurred after various groups had seen the movie."
In Hardcore, again rated R, we see only brief glimpses of what is presented to us as actual hard‐core film. We see some naked men, fleetingly, we see the daughter topless and making faces, and then we see Scott's head blanking out the rest of the scene. A powerful moment, indeed, and everyone who watches TV has seen the ad for it: "Oh My God, that's my daughter!" At one point Scott, masquerading as a producer of hard‐core flicks in order to find one of the men shown in the blue movie with his daughter, interviews a series of males. All but one remains clothed to our eyes, and the one who strips down part way is the one the father is looking for. The lad gets a nasty bashing by the outraged father, a little casual dose of queerbaiting is tossed in for good measure, and the story moves on.
Now what has been made is a soft‐core movie which purports to show what it's really like out there in the bad old world of hard‐core movies, of the hard‐core life. What comes most vividly across, however, is the holier‐than‐thou insufferability of the world of the father, one at least some young people might reasonably be expected to abhor, and from which, surely, an occasional refugee has found sanctuary of a sort in the diametric opposite life: that of the utterly depraved. The movie is in some ways a test one can give oneself: does it make the "clean‐cut" or the "slimy" world seem more repulsive? It rather excludes the middle, a fallacy in logic, albeit a commonplace in pop culture. And even though the ending cops out, the bulk of the film is intelligently acted, intriguing visually, and probably fairly accurate in its descriptions of the sex shop‐sex flick‐sex emporium "scene" of many big American cities, in this case, Los Angeles and briefly, San Francisco. The ironies of this film are these: it serves more to disparage the world it ostensibly glorifies, that of the goodly Christian moralists, than that which it tries to portray in such hideous images—at least some viewers, this one included, saw it that way. And despite its title and its theme it is, in fact, far less arousing than all of the other movies mentioned above; at least they will arouse some large portion of their intended audiences. Finally, to whatever extent the sort of thing that may for purposes of discussion be considered "hard core" is fairly depicted here, "hard core" is at once less sexy than what is usually considered "soft core," and obviously the latter is by now so easy to present to the American moviegoing public as accepted material, that those who rant about "hard core pornography" might well redirect their futile energies to the " "soft core" arena, where, really, the big commercial films have hit pay dirt. Hard‐core stuff will always be made, shown, enjoyed, and derided; but on any night in America more people are seeing a newly accepted soft‐core film, or a soft‐core movie scene in some widely popular movie, than will see all the hardcore movies produced in this country during the entire year. That ought to set the Birchers' teeth on edge. It ought also to awaken in less paranoid folks' heads a few interesting reflections.
LR's film critic is also critic‐at‐large on WNAC-TV (CBS) in Boston.


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Company announcement
Unicorn is very sad to announce that company Chairman, Ken Pringle has died after a short illness. Ken has been associated with Unicorn for many years as a non-executive director and for the past ten years as Chairman.
Unicorn CEO, Peter Phillips remarked: "Ken brought a wealth of business experience to the Unicorn board and made a significant contribution to the strategic development of the business.
Ken was also a close personal friend. We first met as students at
Ken was above all a family man, immensely proud of the success

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Jr. Drinking mugs made from wood baseball bats.
Holds approximately 6 oz of liquid.
Made of either Maple or Ash wood.<>p>Hand wash only. Care instructions included.
Each mug is hand-made out of wood baseball bats.
Each one will vary from picture shown, as they are natural products.
Grain and color will vary from mug to mug.


text: This Dorey is probably a lot older than the motor that powers this little boat to where it needs to be. Happy Sunday morning to you, wherever you may be, and greetings and salutations from Cape Cod. The weather is slowly improving from the very cold and wet March, like today for example, with the temperatures expected in the 50's and sun in the forecast. The water temperature of Nantucket Sound is still in the upper 40's so when the air temperature is higher, you get fog. We sing today at "Our Lady of the Assumption". When I say we I am referring to the rest of the choir who are a fine group of musicians in their own right, some in their 70's and 80's (still young), singing some of the beautiful choral music from the likes of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and as the Easter concerts come up in the next week I will be praying for all of the families out there who are struggling with this downturn in the economy–for in reality, we are all one big family. Peace M


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Leicester City attacker James Maddison has said that he has the ambition of playing at the highest level. The 22-year-old has been one of the standout performers for the Foxes over the past 14 months and that has earned him a call-up to the England national side for the European qualifiers this month.
Speaking to The Mirror, Maddison spoke about the progress made from the youth setup and stated that he would prefer to play at the highest level based on his ability, he told: "I want to play at the highest level my ability will allow me to. I like to think I've my head screwed on with the transfers I've made. I've played League One, in Scotland, the Championship and the Premier League. I worked my way up."
Maddison made the move to the Premier League rom Norwich City last year and he was a success during his debut season with seven goals and seven assists across all competitions. He has continued the good run of form this term with a couple of assists for the Foxes, who are presently third on the league table.
Owing to this, there has been speculation that he could part ways with the Foxes sooner rather than later and reports have claimed that Manchester United could be a possible destination for the former Coventry City graduate. The Red Devils were touted to pursue a creative midfielder during the summer but they were associated with a move for Sporting's Bruno Fernandes.
However, the Mancunian giants had second thoughts over lodging a formal approach and they eventually did not pursue an attacking midfielder. Maddison has already shown that he can cut it at the Premier League level and it remains to be seen whether he would be reunited with former teammate Harry Maguire at Old Trafford when the transfer window reopens.


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Leo and The DiSantones
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My name is Leo DiSanto, and I'm a song and story man and compulsive adventurer. A rural Pennsylvania yokel with a passport, a guitar, and a blog, I've hauled my wanderlust wagon everywhere from gypsy camps in Transylvania to monasteries in the high Himalaya to the wild interior of Alaska. I see this more or less as my existential mission: I'm in it for the stories.
I love to spend some of my time on this beautiful, ape-infested earthrock getting to know the people who connect in some way with the things I make, so please feel welcome to contact me through this website to give me feedback; share interesting factoids, daring recipes, or pictures of your dog; discuss weird metaphysics; or inquire about enlisting my services as a writer/ entertainer.
If you take delight in my various deeds and creations, please keep this ramshackle human entertainment factory in production by making a pledge of as little as one measly buck on patreon.com- it's the most direct way to support my work, kind of like buying your cabbage from the farmer who grows it rather than the big distributors (or industry execs) who lowball him for it.
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The area's newest Eagle Scout is Colusa High School senior Alexander Frank, whose Court of Honor was held Saturday at the Scout Cabin in Colusa.
His Boy Scout Troop, 5, lead by Amy Gerrard served as the master of ceremonies as troop members did the flag ceremony. Troop Member Sam Stocks provided the invocation. Ron Ryan, Butte Area District Unit Commissioner, proclaimed the Eagle Court of Honor.
Frank received his Eagle Scout Neckerchief by Eagle Scouts Daniel Sanchez and Spencer Stocks. He then received his Eagle Scout pin and certificate from his parents Benet and Tony Guidera,
Frank gave special recognition to his stepfather Tony Guidera, his uncle Jerry, and his Troop Leader Amy Gerrard during the ceremony by presenting each with an honorary lapel pin. He also gave thanks to fellow Troop members for their support.
His Eagle project involved over 250 hours at the Colusa County Animal Shelter where he made dog beds as well as constructed concrete slabs for kennels.
The Colusa Scout Troop 5 is open to all Boys in Colusa County and are welcomed to attend any troop meeting with a parent. Meetings are listed on the Community Calendar. For information call Troop 5 Colusa Scoutmaster Amy Gerrard email@example.com.


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At least 6,400 people have been forced to leave their homes because of the activity of Chile's Calbuco volcano, which erupted two days ago for the first time in 42 years.
Authorities ordered the immediate evacuation on Friday afternoon of 2,000 people from three towns in the Los Lagos region, after another 4,400 were displaced over the previous two days.
What prompted this new evacuation was that technicians of the National Geology and Mining Service, known as Sernageomin, have detected the presence of a flow of lava and water on the Rio Correntoso side of the volcano that could cause the river to overflow and flood the nearby populated areas.
Evacuees will be temporarily lodged in three schools that have been fitted out as shelters in the neighbouring city of Puerto Montt, Interior Minister Rodrigo Peñailillo said.
Peñailillo will travel on Saturday to the area hit by the eruption, where, according to President Michelle Bachelet, he will stay as long as necessary to coordinate emergency measures and provide help for the local population.
Several other cabinet ministers were already on the scene in the area, 1,000 kms south of Santiago.
Over the past few hours there have been some 1,600 seismic movements due to the activity of the volcano, which rises 2,015 metres above sea level.
The presence of lava in the Rio Correntoso indicates an immediate risk of overflowing and the flooding of populated areas, Los Lagos Governor Nofal Abud said.
"It cannot be disregarded that in the coming hours we could have a new eruption, probably not at the same energy level as those we've had, but we maintain a red alert in a complex situation," the director of Sernageomin, Rodrigo Alvarez, said.
Ash from the Calbuco volcano have stained the surrounding areas grey and has continued advancing northwards toward the regions of Bio Bio, Maule, O'Higgins and Valparaiso.
Ash from the eruption also darkened skies in southwestern Argentina and reached Uruguay on Friday morning, where airline flights had to be suspended.
Despite the ash, Chilean airlines Lan and Sky announced that they were renewing flights on Friday to and from Puerto Montt.
Bachelet travelled on Thursday to the affected area to see the impact of the volcanic ash on agriculture and livestock, and to visit the displaced people.


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Helical domain and kinase domain mutations in p110α of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase induce gain of function by different mechanisms
Contributed by Peter K. Vogt, December 22, 2007 (received for review December 6, 2007)
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is up-regulated in cancer. PIK3CA, the gene coding for the catalytic subunit p110α of PI3K, is mutated in ≈30% of tumors of the prostate, breast, cervix, and endometrium. The most prominent of these mutants, represented by single amino acid substitutions in the helical or kinase domain, show a gain of enzymatic function, activate AKT signaling, and induce oncogenic transformation. We have carried out a genetic and biochemical analysis of these hot-spot mutations in PIK3CA. The results of this study suggest that the helical and kinase domain mutations trigger gain of function through different mechanisms. They show different requirements for interaction with the PI3K regulatory subunit p85 and with RAS-GTP. The gain of function induced by helical domain mutations is independent of binding to p85 but requires interaction with RAS-GTP. In contrast, the kinase domain mutation is active in the absence of RAS-GTP binding but is highly dependent on the interaction with p85. We speculate that the contrasting roles of p85 and RAS-GTP in helical and kinase domain mutations reflect two distinct states of mutated p110α. These two states differ in mutation-induced surface charges and also may differ in conformational properties that are controlled by interactions with p85 and RAS-GTP. The two states do not appear mutually exclusive because the helical and kinase domain mutations act synergistically when present in the same p110α molecule. This synergism also supports the conclusion that the helical and kinase domain mutations operate by two different and independent mechanisms.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate phosphatidylinositols at the 3′ position of the inositol ring, generating second messengers that control cellular activities and properties, including proliferation, survival, motility, and cell shape. Mutations that block PI3K function disrupt these processes (1–12). PI3Ks form a family that is divided into three classes, differing in structure, substrate preference, tissue distribution, mechanism of activation, and, ultimately, function (12–16). For the regulation of cell proliferation and in tumorigenesis, the most important PI3K proteins are those of class IA, notably the catalytic subunit p110α and its associated regulatory subunits (p85α, p55α, p50α, p85β, and p55γ).
p110α contains an N-terminal p85-binding domain (p85BD), a Ras-binding domain (RBD), a protein-kinase-C homology-2 (C2) domain, a helical domain, and a C-terminal kinase domain (17). p110α is constitutively associated with regulatory subunits, of which p85α is the best studied (herein referred to as p85). p110α and p85 exist in the cell as a heterodimeric complex. In quiescent cells, p85 stabilizes p110α and inactivates PI3K activity (18). Upon growth factor stimulation, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) undergo autophosphorylation, creating binding sites for Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing proteins. The SH2 domains of p85 bind to phospho-YxxM motifs in RTKs (19). This binding relieves the inhibition of p110α and mediates the recruitment of PI3K to the plasma membrane. Direct interaction between GTP-bound Ras and p110α through the RBD further augments the activity of p110α (20–22).
p110α shows mutations in ≈30% of tumors of the prostate, breast, cervix, and endometrium (Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer, www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/cosmic). Genetic, biochemical, and cell-based analyses have shown that such mutated p110α functions as an oncoprotein playing an important role in tumorigenesis (1, 10, 23, 24). The most frequently occurring mutations, E542K, E545K, and H1047R, increase enzymatic activity, stimulate AKT (protein kinase B) signaling, induce growth factor and anchorage independent growth in culture, and cause tumors in vivo (10, 25–29).
In this article, we examine the biochemical and cell-transforming activities of several mutant forms of p110α in chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs). We demonstrate that helical and kinase domain mutations operate by two different and independent gain-of-function mechanisms. Our results show that (i) gain of function by E542K and E545K is highly dependent on RAS-GTP binding, (ii) gain of function by H1047R is likely dependent on allosteric change mediated by p85, and (iii) this allosteric change triggered by H1047R may mimic RAS-GTP binding, making this mutant independent of an interaction with RAS-GTP.
Helical Domain and Kinase Domain Mutations Act Synergically in Cell Transformation.
The modeled structure of p110α suggests that the helical domain mutations and kinase domain mutation map to the surface of the protein and affect protein–protein or domain–domain interactions (24, 30). We hypothesized that the spatially separated kinase domain and helical domain mutations may trigger gains of function through different molecular mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, we examined the properties of the double mutants E542K/E545K, E542K/H1047R, and E545K/H1047R (Fig. 1 A and B). These double mutants transformed CEFs more efficiently, inducing the foci of transformed cells earlier and in greater number than single hot-spot mutants. The increase in activity was additive when both mutations were in the helical domain. However, combining helical and kinase domain mutations within the same p110α molecule had a clear synergistic effect and generated a potently transforming protein. The product of PI3K, PIP3, mediates the activation of several signaling pathways, including that of AKT (31). We tested the cellular phospho-AKT level in CEFs expressing the p110α double mutants under the condition of serum starvation. Although the total AKT levels were down-regulated in CEF-expressing double mutants E542K/H1047R or E545K/H1047R, the phospho-AKT levels were ≈1,000-fold higher than in CEFs expressing the single mutants E542K, E545K, or H1047R (normalized to the protein levels of p110α). The highly up-regulated AKT signals detected in CEFs expressing E542K/H1047R or E545K/H1047R correspond to the strong cell-transforming activity of these mutants (Fig. 1 C). In contrast, a combination of the two helical domain mutations E542K and E545K conferred a moderate increase in the transforming activity of the protein and enhanced AKT signaling slightly, compared with E542K and E545K alone.
Binding to p85 Is Essential for H1047R-Induced Cell Transformation.
Biochemical and structural studies support the proposal that the helical domain mutations E542K and E545K relieve an inhibitory interaction between the N-terminal SH2 domain of p85 and the helical domain of p110α (32, 33). To examine the effect of p85 binding on mutant activity, we eliminated the binding of p110α to p85 by deleting the 72 N-terminal amino acids from all p110α constructs. The truncated p110α proteins no longer interacted with p85, and truncated and full-length p110α proteins were expressed at approximately equal levels (Fig. 2 C). The elimination of p85 binding had a minor effect on the transforming activity of the helical domain mutations, but completely abolished transformation induced by the H1047R kinase domain mutation (Fig. 2 A and B). In the absence of p85 binding, WT p110α gained weak transforming activity (Fig. 2 A and B). This observation is in agreement with previous studies (28) and probably reflects the removal of a p85-mediated inhibitory effect.
Cells expressing mutant constructs that fail to interact with p85, including truncated E542K, E545K, and H1047R, show constitutive phosphorylation of AKT and S6K, albeit at lower levels than cells expressing the full-length proteins (Fig. 2 C). Because truncated H1047R fails to transform cells, an up-regulated AKT pathway alone appears to be insufficient for PI3K-induced oncogenic transformation. Our results suggest that an unknown process dependent on p85 binding plays a critical role in H1047R oncogenicity.
We also examined the effect of the N-terminal truncation on the double mutants E542K/H1047R and E545K/H1047R. These constructs show transforming activity with the same potency as that of the single helical domain mutants E542K and E545K (Fig. 3 A and B). Activation of AKT also corresponds to the levels induced by single helical domain mutants (Fig. 3 C). The synergistic effect that is seen in the full-length double mutant is lost in the deletions, further suggesting that p85 binding is essential for the gain of function associated with H1047R.
RAS Binding Is Essential for Transformation by Helical Domain Mutants of p110α.
Previous studies have shown that a point mutation in the RBD of p110α, K227E, blocks the interaction of p110α and RAS and abrogates the ability of RAS to activate PI3K (21). We constructed a series of RAS-binding mutants of p110α proteins changing lysine 227 to glutamate. We then determined the transforming activities of these mutants in focus assays (Fig. 4 A and B). The K227E mutation does not affect oncogenic transformation induced by the kinase domain mutant H1047R, but completely abolishes the transforming activities of the helical domain mutants E542K and E545K. The mutant constructs were expressed at approximately equal levels (Fig. 4 C). These differences in transforming potency are in agreement with the effects on AKT signaling. K227E/H1047R transforms cells and leads to constitutive activation of AKT signaling, albeit at a lower level than H1047R. In contrast, K227E/E542K and K227E/E545K fail to transform cells and do not induce constitutive activation of AKT signaling.
To confirm the effect of K227E on RAS-mediated activation, we tested the AKT signaling in CEFs transfected with a p110α expression vector only and CEFs cotransfected with p110α and HRAS (G12V) expression vectors (Fig. 5). Our results show that the WT and the hot-spot mutants of p110α, when coexpressed with HRAS (G12V), lead to activation of both ERK and AKT. In contrast, CEFs expressing the RBD mutants of p110α failed to activate AKT, although ERK activation was detected. The basal level of AKT phosphorylation in these cells is probably due to endogenous PI3K activity. Because of the short exposure time, the level of AKT phosphorylation at T308 in cells expressing E542K, E545K, and K227E/H1047R is not shown in the Western blot of Fig. 5.
In the previous section, we showed that WT p110α with a deletion in the p85-binding domain gained transforming activity and constitutive lipid kinase activity possibly by the removal of an inhibitory interaction between p85 and p110α. To test whether the gain of function by this truncated WT p110α depends on RAS binding, we introduced the K227E mutation in this construct. CEFs expressing this double mutant did not undergo transformation (data not shown) and did not show the up-regulation of AKT signaling seen with this mutant in the presence of Ras binding (Figs. 2 C and 4 C). These results suggest that RAS-mediated activation is indispensable for p110α activation.
The H1047R Mutation Can Substitute for RAS Binding.
Because the cell-transforming activity of H1047R is independent of RAS binding, we speculated that an active conformation triggered by the H1047R mutation might mimic the activation mediated by binding to RAS. We therefore constructed the triple mutants K227E/E542K/H1047R and K227E/E545K/H1047R. Expression of these two mutant forms of p110α in CEFs resulted in potent and efficient transformation (Fig. 6 B). The quantitative aspects of this transformation as measured in focus assays are similar to those determined with E542K/H1047R or E545K/H1047R, leading to focus formation within 7 days (Fig. 6 A). In agreement with this transforming activity, AKT signaling in these cells is constitutively up-regulated, similar to the levels seen in CEFs expressing E542K/H1047R or E545K/H1047R (Fig. 6 C).
Gain-of-function and oncogenic activity make the cancer-specific mutants of p110α ideal therapeutic targets. However, to take advantage of this unique situation and design mutant-specific interventions, it is necessary to ascertain the molecular mechanisms responsible for the gain of function in the p110α mutants. We used genetic and functional analyses to gain insight into mutant mechanisms. As detailed below, our conclusions are in accord with recent structural data on p110α (33, 34).
The three hot-spot mutations in PIK3CA account for ≈80% of the mutated p110α proteins found in diverse cancers (Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer, www.sanger.ac.uk/genetics/CGP/cosmic). These mutations map to two functionally and structurally distinct domains of p110α. E542K and E545K are localized to the helical domain, and H1047R resides in the kinase domain. Mapping of these mutations in two distinct functional domains suggests that helical and kinase domain mutations operate by different molecular mechanisms. A simple test that could support the hypothesis of two molecular mechanisms is to introduce two mutations concurrently in the same protein. The tests of such double mutants revealed a strong synergism of the helical kinase domain combination of mutations, but only simple additivity for the helical domain double mutant. These data are best explained by the two-mechanism proposal, but they do not rule out the possibility of a single mechanism that is greatly enhanced by a combination of mutations in different domains. The E545K/H1047R double mutant has been found to be naturally occurring in human cancer (6). This natural occurrence may reflect the strong selective growth advantage conferred on cells by this mutant combination.
The properties of mutant p110α that lack either p85 or RAS binding provide more compelling evidence for two different mechanisms triggered by helical and kinase domain mutations, respectively. The p110α protein occurs in the cell as a heterodimer bound to p85. The p85 subunit stabilizes p110α but also inhibits the lipid kinase activity of p110α. We generated p110α constructs that are defective in p85 binding by deleting the 72 N-terminal amino acids of p110α. These constructs are stable, are efficiently expressed, and fail to interact with p85 as determined by coimmunoprecipitation. The defect in p85 binding has contrasting consequences in helical and kinase domain mutants, leaving the former active, but completely abolishing the transforming activity of the latter. Phosphorylation of AKT was, however, not completely inhibited in cells expressing H1047R that lacked p85 binding. WT p110α with the 72 N-terminal amino acid truncation showed modest gain of function and became weakly oncogenic.
Previous biochemical and structure modeling studies have provided evidence for an interaction between the N-terminal SH2 domain of p85 (N-SH2) and the helical domain of p110α (32, 33). This interaction is responsible for the p85-induced inhibition of p110α. The helical domain mutations may interfere with this p85–p110α interaction and thus remove the inhibition. A weakened interaction between N-SH2 and p110α by the helical domain mutations E542K and E545K also is suggested by the failure of the lipid kinase activity of these mutants to become activated by the phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate, in contrast to WT and H1047R p110α (35). Despite the disconnection from upstream input, the N-terminally truncated E542K and E545K induced constitutive activation of AKT. The N-terminally truncated helical domain mutations show significantly higher oncogenic potency than the truncated WT p110α. Because both have lost p85 binding, the difference in oncogenic potency then suggests an effect of the helical domain mutations that goes beyond interference with the p85 interaction.
PI3K is an important RAS effector and has a role in mediating the proliferative and survival functions of RAS (20, 21). Direct interaction between GTP-bound RAS and p110α mediated by the RBD augments the activity of p110α (22) possibly by inducing a conformational change at the substrate-binding site (36). Disrupting the interaction between p110α and RAS inhibits the in vitro transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts by oncogenic KRAS (G12V) (37). Because the product of PI3K, PIP3, can activate RAS by stimulating the GEF activity of SOS (38), we postulated that PI3K-RAS binding also may play a critical role in oncogenic transformation by PI3K. We disabled RAS binding by introducing a point mutation K227E and found again contrasting effects on helical and kinase domain mutations, but opposite to the effects seen with deleted p85 binding. In the case of disabled RAS binding, transforming ability and AKT activation by the helical domain mutations were abolished, whereas those by the kinase domain mutation H1047R remained unaffected. The H1047R mutation could even rescue the helical domain mutants that are unable to bind RAS and could restore their activity to the same levels as detected in the synergistic double mutants E542K/H1047R and E545K/H1047R. The gain of function induced by H1047R is independent of RAS binding, whereas that of E542K and E545K requires RAS interaction. We hypothesize that H1047R induces an allosteric change of p110α that mimics RAS-GTP binding. A schematic summary of mutant properties is presented in Fig. 7.
Our data and conclusions are in broad agreement with the recently published crystal structure of the p110α–p85 complex (34). In this publication, the interaction between the N-SH2 domain of p85 and the helical domain is modeled, and the model allows for the possibility that this interaction could be weakened by the helical domain mutations of p110α. However, the model does not definitely exclude a possible effect of the helical domain mutations on the interaction with another p110α-binding partner. The kinase domain mutation H1047R maps close to the activation loop and may affect the conformation of the loop, altering the interaction with the substrate. Previous structural studies on the p110γ–RAS complex also have demonstrated a change in the conformation of the substrate-binding site as a result of RAS binding (36). These data are consistent with our hypothesis that H1047R activates p110α by inducing a conformational shift that is similar to that caused by RAS. The crystal structure of the p110α–p85 complex also reveals an unexpected interaction between the p85-binding domain (adaptor-binding domain) and the kinase domain. This interaction might be important for the active conformation induced by H1047R and could explain the sensitivity of H1047R to a loss of p85 binding.
Our studies strongly suggest that helical and kinase domain mutations trigger a gain of p110α function by different molecular mechanisms. Helical domain mutations function independently of p85, but require RAS. The kinase domain mutation H1047R requires p85, but not RAS (Fig. 7). The two gain-of-function states represented by helical and kinase domain mutations differ in surface charge and most likely reflect different conformational changes mediated by p85 or RAS, respectively. These conformational changes may make it possible to identify mutant-specific small-molecule inhibitors of p110α. Such inhibitors will not affect the WT enzyme and, therefore, will have superior therapeutic properties as anticancer drugs.
Materials and Methods
Plasmid Construction.
The construction of the pBSFI vector KOZ-cp3k encoding WT, E542K, E545K, and H1047R chicken p110α has been described previously (27, 39). The double mutants were constructed by using the QuikChange site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene) with E542K as the template to generate E542K/H1047R and with E545K as the template to generate E545K/H1047R. The primers used were described previously (27). To generate E542K/E545K, E542K was used as the template, and the primer used was: E542K/E545K, 5′-CGA GAT CCT TTG TCT AAA ATC ACT AAG CAA GAG-3′ (only the forward primer is listed). The construction of pBSFI-Δ72-cp3k (encoding p110α with a deletion of the first 72 amino acids) has been described previously (39). The mutant constructs containing an E542K, E545K, or H1047R substitution were generated by using the QuikChange site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene). To generate the K227E mutant constructs, the pBSFI vector KOZ-cp3k encoding WT, E542K, E545K, H1047R, E542K/E545K, E542K/H1047R, and E545K/H1047R was used as a template, and the primer used was: K227E, 5′-GCT GAA GCA ATT AGG GAG AAA ACA CGA AGT ATG-3′ (only the forward primer is listed). The mutated genes were subsequently cloned into the avian retrovirus vector RCAS.Sfi (40). All mutations were confirmed by sequencing.
Cell Culture and Transfection.
Fertilized chicken eggs (white Leghorn) were obtained from Charles River Breeding Laboratories. Preparation and cultivation of primary CEFs have been described previously (41). CEFs were maintained in Ham's F-10 medium (Sigma–Aldrich) supplemented with 7% FBS (Sigma–Aldrich), 5% chicken serum (Sigma–Aldrich), 1x MEM vitamin solution (Sigma–Aldrich), 8 mg/liter folic acid, and 1% l-glutamine–penicillin–streptomycin solution (Sigma–Aldrich) at 37°C in 5% CO2. Cells were plated at 80% confluence in 100-mm tissue culture and were then transfected with relevant RCAS vectors by using the dimethyl sulfoxide/Polybrene method (42). CEFs were passaged three times to ensure the high infection rate by RCAS viruses. After three passages, the cells were harvested for further analysis. For serum starvation, CEFs were first maintained in Ham's F-10 medium with 0.25% FBS and 0.05% chicken serum for 40–44 h, followed by an additional 2 h in Ham's F-10 medium. They were then harvested for protein analyses.
Transformation Assays.
DNA was transfected into CEFs by using either the Lipofectamine reagent (Invitrogen) or the dimethyl sulfoxide/Polybrene method (42). Transfected cells were fed every other day with nutrient agar and then stained with crystal violet. After incubation of cells under nutrient overlay, the foci of transformed cells were counted ≈2 weeks after transfection. For focus growth curves, the foci of transformed cells were counted every other day.
Immunoprecipitation and Western Blotting.
Lysis of cells for Western blotting was performed in Nonidet P-40 buffer [20 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1% Nonidet P-40, and 10% glycerol] and supplemented with 1 mM DTT, 1 mM PMSF, 50 mM β-glycerophosphate, 50 mM NaF, and 1x protease Inhibitor mixture (Roche). Lysates were clarified by centrifugation at 16,000 × g for 15 min at 4°C, and the protein concentration was determined. Whole-cell lysates were incubated with mouse monoclonal anti-FLAG M2 affinity gel (Sigma–Aldrich) at 4°C overnight. The immunocomplexes were pelleted and washed three times with cold lysis buffer in the presence of protease and phosphatase inhibitor. For Western blot analysis, the bound proteins were eluted by boiling in SDS-loading buffer, resolved on SDS/PAGE gel, and then transferred to Immobilon P membranes (Millipore). After the membranes were blocked with 5% BSA in Tris-buffered saline with 0.05% Tween-20 (TBS-T) for 1 h at room temperature, they were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies. Anti-FLAG, anti-p85α, anti-AKT, anti-phospho-AKT (Ser-473), anti-phospho-AKT (Thr-308), anti-S6K, anti-phospho-S6K (Thr-389), anti-ERK (p44/42), anti-phospho-ERK (p44/42, Thr-202/Tyr-204), and anti-β-tubulin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Membranes were washed three times in TBS-T and incubated in a 1:10,000 dilution of peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse or anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (Pierce) in 5% nonfat dry milk in TBS-T for 1 h at room temperature. The reactive bands were visualized by chemiluminescence (Pierce) according to the manufacturer's protocol.
We thank Lynn Hamaguchi-Ueno for expert and skilled technical assistance and Drs. Sohye Kang and Lingyun Zhao for helpful discussion of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute, The Stein Foundation, and National Cancer Institute Postdoctoral Fellowship F32CA130304 (to L.Z.). This article is manuscript no. 19271-MEM from The Scripps Research Institute.
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pkvogt{at}scripps.edu
Author contributions: L.Z. and P.K.V. designed research; L.Z. performed research; L.Z. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; L.Z. and P.K.V. analyzed data; and L.Z. and P.K.V. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- © 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA
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Black Drawstring Hooded Bodycon Casual DressSKU: 036193
DescriptionBe sure to slay in this dress. Featuring solid color, sleeveless, drawstring detail, hooded decor and bodycon silhouette. Style with some killer heels and clutch to complete the look.
Milk Silk
Sleeve Length: Sleeveless
Dress Length: Knee-length
Pattern: Solid Color
Style: Casual
Silhouette: Bodycon
Size Chart(Inch) S M L XL Bust 30.7 32.3 33.9 35.4 Hips 32.3 33.9 35.4 37 Length 52 52.4 52.8 53.1 Waist 25.2 26.8 28.3 29.9 Size Chart(CM) S M L XL Bust 78 82 86 90 Hips 82 86 90 94 Length 132 133 134 135 Waist 64 68 72 76
The dimensions data from the measurement of the product, "click here" to see the measuring methods details, and allow 1-2cm (0.4-0.8") differences due to manual measurement, thanks.
Actual fabric colors may vary slightly from online colors due to variations in screen color settings.
30 Days Return + Shipping PolicyShipping & Delivery
Receiving time = Processing time + Shipping time
Note: In orders with more than one item, the processing time will be based on the item with the longest processing time.
We will prepare your order after it have verified. Such as: strict quality control, arrange the suitable carriers.Return Policy
Return within 30 days from the delivered date.
1. Items received within 30 days from the delivered date.
2. Items received unused, undamaged and in original package.


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In this walkthrough, we've shared how to add text in Adobe Premiere Pro, so you can place opening credits or subtitles in your movie.
3. After adjusting the font style, size, width, and other settings, click the X button to close the text editor. In the Project panel, you'll see the new text listed with any other assets. Click and drag the text onto the Timeline to add it to your sequence as a new clip.


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Kate Spade New York
Tegan Small Satchel
Regular price $328.00
Only 1 Left In-Stock.
6.7"h x 8.1"w x 5.5"d
drop length: 22"
handle drop: 4.25"
pebbled leather
metal pinmount
micro suede lining
top zip
back slip
front & back slip pockets
Color: Bright Peony
Free Shipping
Standard Rate: FREE
Please allow 7 to 10 business days for product arrival. To ensure your products safe arrival, we include signature confirmation on all purchases.
Please review our full shipping policy by clicking HERE.
We accept returns within 7-days of the product delivery date.
All merchandise must not be worn, altered, or washed. The merchandise must have all tags attached and be returned in original packaging. All returns will be subject to a $9.95 Return Postage Fee.
Please review our full terms and conditions relating to our return policy by clicking HERE .


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Colour printing is a necessity for many modern businesses. It can help to add impact to financial reports, or bring an added air of professionalism to sales pitches.
But colour printing costs. In many cases, the per-page cost of colour output can be several times that of mono pages. So it's vital, as a business expands, that the cost of colour to run away with it. Colour can make all the difference when it comes to customer-facing documents - but if employees are printing out their emails in colour, the business could effectively be pouring money down the drain.
By introducing centralised printer fleet management across its network of printers and multifunction products (MFPs), a business can track which staff use colour, and for what jobs.
Management software can also be used to control access to the colour features of the firm's printer fleet - enabling it to, say, restrict colour printing to certain members of staff from certain applications
Sophisticated reporting tools not only enable businesses to identify and eliminate abuse of colour printing infrastructure, but also let them see where their true colour costs lie.
This enables costs to be apportioned more accurately between departments, simplifying internal billing - and enabling them, if necessary, to ask users or departmerns to reduce their colout usage. Alerts can be sounded when specified thresholds are met, enabling managers to see when someone is printing more colour than they should.
This article was brought to you as part of THINQ's Business Printing Hub in association with HP.


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Piedmont pecan pie
Hazelnut (roasted) -200 g
Corn flour, 200 g
300 g Flour-
Butter (at room temperature) -230 grams (dough) and 0,5st.l (for lubrication form)
-3 Tablespoons olive oil
Egg yolks 180 g
Milk 150 g
Sugar, 150 g
Grappa (Brandy I) -30 ml
Baking powder 15 g
Filbert (hazelnut can be different) to grind into flour. Add a little sugar in a large blender, it serves as "abrasive" and you do not get oily paste.
Mix the dry ingredients: nut, corn, ordinary flour, sugar and baking powder.
The yolks separated from proteins (proteins can be frozen for future use). I used 10 eggs. Slightly beat egg yolks with a fork.
Now mix "wet" ingredients: butter, olive oil, egg yolks, milk, brandy. Connect the two mixtures.
Baking dish (d = 26 cm or 27 cm) to lay a parchment, brush with butter and sprinkle with cream and sugar. Put the dough, smooth.
Place in preheated oven and bake at t = 180C for about 30-40 minutes. Five minutes until cooked (if you like), sprinkle sugar on top of the cake.
Get out of the mold and cool. If you do not sprinkle with sugar, the cake can be sprinkled with powdered sugar.


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Welcome to Dubai, the shining star of the United Arab Emirates!
Upon arrival in the morning, you will meet your tour guide at the airport and transfer to the hotel to relax.
In the afternoon, we'll transfer you to the Dubai Mall Dubai packages. This is the largest tax free shopping mall in Mid East, including all luxury and high end products from all over the world. You can see the fantastic Aquarium and have a try to board the fastest elevator in the world to enjoy the world tallest building - Burj Khalifa (admission not included).
Also, don't miss the largest and highest music fountain (starts at 6:30pm, duration 3-5 minutes, every half hour). The Dubai Fountain is the world's largest choreographed fountain system set on the 30-acre manmade Burj Khalifa Lake, at the center of the Downtown Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
It was designed by WET Design, the California-based company responsible for the fountains at the Bellagio Hotel Lake in Las Vegas. Illuminated by 6,600 lights and 25 colored projectors, it is 275 m (902 ft) long and shoots water up to 500 ft (152.4 m) into the air accompanied by a range of classical to contemporary Arabic and world music. It was built at a cost of AED 800 million.
After enjoying free time here, we'll transfer you back to the hotel with Dubai packages.
After breakfast, you can enjoy your own time or you can join the optional city tour (own expense).
Our tour will take us to Dubai Gold Souk and Perfume Market which offer a variety of Arab spices and stylish perfume. In the Gold Souk, different kinds of golden necklace, earrings, bracelets and other art work. If time is enough, you also can have a walk in the antique market nearby, to have some Arabic suitcase, coffee kettle, art crafts.
Next, we'll transfer to visit Heritage Touch. All its products are masterpieces, unique, and magnificent, showing the Arabic and Islamic culture. Afterwards, we'll transfer to Palm Jumeirah, where we'll enjoy the sunshine and the view of Burj Al Arab. You can choose to have lunch in Burj Al Arab on your own.
In the afternoon, we'll head out for a Dubai desert safari via land cruiser with 2 nights 3 days package. Enjoy the sand surfing, a BBQ dinner and Belly Dance Show (Belly Dance Show stops during Ramadan). The sand surfing activity lasts about 4 hours, and then we'll transfer back to the hotel.
After hotel breakfast, we'll transfer you to airport according to your flight schedule.


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On the Edge: Sunset
Acrylic on canvas
This painting is on a gallery wrapped canvas with finished edges. It comes ready to hang.
$495 + tax, shipping
"On the Edge" series: Sunrise, High Noon, Sunset
When we arrived at the Grand Canyon it was noon, and we saw a pastel-colored impressionistic landscape. By sunset, the canyon was bathed in a rich blue darkness with a stretch of sunlight off on the horizon. But, the next day, during sunrise, the canyon flooded with sunlight as if it were on fire. It looked as if lava was flowing down the sides of the cliffs.
The sunset light was spectacular and the most dramatic period of time at the canyon.


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A sampling of reactions on Twitter Tuesday about the death of Raiders legend Willie Brown:
The @NFL is mourning the loss of a champion and a legend today.
Reactions from across the league to the passing of Willie Brown: https://t.co/AM5qIw6AAU pic.twitter.com/1QpACgRIxT
— Oakland Raiders (@Raiders) October 22, 2019
My heart hurts – a magnificent player, a magnificent teammate – I shall never hear the words "bed check" without getting a lump in my throat and then smiling – he supported and encouraged me throughout my career – and he let me help coach (youth games). https://t.co/2Ol3AfG8La pic.twitter.com/J1hsWEfgkK
— Amy Trask (@AmyTrask) October 22, 2019
Sad day for #RaiderNation but i just found out @Raiders LEGEND Willie Brown has passed away. He was a great leader of men and ambassador for the team & the game. And boy, some of his stories….Woooo!
You will be missed Old Man Willie
— Langston B Walker (@langstonwalker) October 22, 2019
Man… going to miss you Willie! I'll never forget when you called my name on that stage to welcome me into the Raider family 4 life! Prayers to his family. https://t.co/nqgAuuJD1G
— Derek Carr (@derekcarrqb) October 22, 2019
So sad to hear of the passing of one of the greatest Raiders of all time, Willie Brown. He dedicated most of his adult life to the Silver and Black! A truly incredible and amazingly talented teammate. I was blessed to call him coach and friend!
— Rich Gannon (@RichGannon12) October 22, 2019
RIP to the Legend…..Willy B #24. You will be missed my friend. 😢 #Raider4Life
— Pastor Napoleon (@napoleonkaufman) October 22, 2019
Sad to learn of the passing of Willie Brown. He was a great player in his day and a kind soul who always brought a smile. God rest your soul Willie B@Raiders #RaiderNation
— Jack Del Rio (@coachdelrio) October 22, 2019
Another great man gone too soon. Sure did love me some WillieB! Rest In Peace Willie 🙏🏻 I will miss you but I know you are in great hands! What a reunion up in Heaven 🖤 pic.twitter.com/DUX2VgkZ0F
— Kendra Stabler Moyes (@KendraSMoyes) October 22, 2019
I learn w/ deep sadness of Willie Brown's passing. All the honors/acclaim so justly showered upon him as a player do not begin to portray his impact as a Bay Area / NFL personality over the decades.I feel so privileged to have witnessed it all.. R.I.P. https://t.co/IrH6MFQqQQ
— Dr Harry Edwards (@drharryedwards) October 22, 2019
Take your rest Willie Brown. You epitomize what being a legendary #Raider is all about. Prayers to his family, the @Raiders organization, and all of #RaiderNation 🙏🏿.
— Louis Riddick (@LRiddickESPN) October 22, 2019
RIP Willie Brown. Can't thank you enough for helping a young Raider after being drafted. Not only did you coach but also held the Player Development title and helped so many of us throughout our years in the Silver & Black. You are a Legend and the original @Raiders 24. #BlueGo
— Kirk Morrison (@kirkmorrison) October 22, 2019
Man I hate to hear we lost a legend from our Raider family. I'm at a loss for words. Rest up Willie Brown you'll forever be missed.
— Darren McFadden (@dmcfadden20) October 22, 2019
My heart mourns for a wonder man, a great player and a awesome friend! There will never be another Willie Brown aka "blu go"! @Raiders pic.twitter.com/YoQIDcxzwh
— Rod Woodson (@RodWoodson26) October 22, 2019
The entire Biletnikoff family mourns the loss of a great man. Willie Brown was the epitome of the Raiders' motto of 'commitment to excellence' that was integral to the team's sustained success. He embodied… https://t.co/QNlspgPguu
— Angela Biletnikoff (@ABiletnikoff25) October 23, 2019
RIP Willie Brown…😔🖤
— MaddMaxx (@CrosbyMaxx) October 22, 2019
Remembering Hall of Famer and @raiders NFL Legend Willie Brown #RIP pic.twitter.com/vDwENIeosc
— Pro Football Hall of Fame (@ProFootballHOF) October 22, 2019
Statement from President Rick Gallot on the Passing of William "Willie" Brown #GramFam #GSULegend #Icon https://t.co/1zBlpWj3Fe pic.twitter.com/Dk9Scv032N
— Grambling State Univ (@Grambling1901) October 22, 2019
My heart is broken. Just found out… RIP Willie Brown. Great player, better man! Truly my privilege to be coached by you. Rest easy OG ✊🏾
— Mike Mitchell (@iammikemitchell) October 22, 2019
I just received news that old school HBCU Alum and Mr. Raider, Willie Brown has passed. My condolences to the Brown family. A devoted Grambling alum and one of the best DB's to ever put on a uniform! RIP Willie!
— Everson Walls (@Walls_24) October 22, 2019
Rest in peace to Hall of Famer and @Raiders legend Willie Brown.
Thank you for giving us iconic moments like this one 🙏 pic.twitter.com/auqcp2jpdJ
— NFL Films (@NFLFilms) October 22, 2019
Dam I'm sick Rt now R.I.P Willie brown
— lamarr houston (@Hupernikao9s) October 22, 2019
OG Willie B!! RIP.
— Michael Crabtree (@KingCrab15) October 22, 2019
Its sad to hear that my friend and great person, has passed. Willie Brown was one of the best DBs ever to play in NFL. My condolences go out to his family. God Bless.
— Harold Carmichael (@lookitin) October 22, 2019
Man this one hit me hard! RIP Willie Brown just a great all around man. Kept us laughing and taught us so much about life and how to be professionals… rest easy Famer
— Tyvon Branch (@tyvonbranch) October 22, 2019
Willie Brown loved joking about how he thought he made Oilers as UDFA in 1963 because they had a quota for black players, but believed wrongly it was larger than 5; he was No. 6. Loved this man, one of the nicest, most humble humans I've ever met. Rest easy, my friend. #MrRaider
— Gil Brandt (@Gil_Brandt) October 22, 2019
My ❤ is heavy. #RIP Willie B, had 2 be the realist & funniest old man I've ever met as I wud always tease. I preciate wat u taught me about, "Always try to choke the hell out of a WR, punch em in the mouth" 🤣 he definitely had a hate hate relationship towards WRs. Man I'm hurt. pic.twitter.com/uQpwS4BPXZ
— Antonio Hamilton (@UnitedSt8Of_Ham) October 22, 2019
Saddened to hear the news of Willie Brown passing away. A selfless individual who everybody loved. He represented the Raiders with his whole heart. I will miss you Famer!
— Jon Condo (@JonCondo) October 22, 2019
Willie brown a Legend in every sense. Will never forget dinner in alameda was an amazing experience #Williebrown #rip
— Elijah Hood (@EliMHood) October 22, 2019
Very sad to hear of the passing of legendary @ProFootballHOF @Raiders Willie Brown. He will forever be cherished as a true #Raider and exemplified the Raider spirit. @NFLAlumni https://t.co/dsVPC7lpTG
— NFL Alumni Nor Cal (@NFLAlumniNoCa) October 22, 2019
Man we lost another legend!!! Rip Mr Willie Brown. ☠⚪⚫🙏🏾 pic.twitter.com/B9udN6Uohm
— Rod Streater (@rodstreater80) October 22, 2019
So sorry to hear the OG and former legendary @Raiders DB Willie Brown has passed. Always have real advice and guidance when i was there. Always kept it 💯. #RIP Famer✊🏾😔
— JAY RICHARDSON (@JayRichardson99) October 22, 2019
🙏🏿Mr. Brown a kind and gentle soul. I could easily speak upon your greatness as a football player (well deserved) but Willie Brown the Man, my neighbor the past 20 years who brought so much sunshine and joy to the community is whom I will miss the most. RIP and Live Eternally🙏🏿 pic.twitter.com/WHKKTnXI9A
— MC HAMMER (@MCHammer) October 22, 2019
RIP Willie Brown. And prayers to his loved ones. Other than Mr. Davis when I think of the Raiders I think of Mr. Willle B. A True Raider! You changed the game. You'll be missed.
— Darrius Heyward-Bey (@theDHB85) October 22, 2019
Thank you #WillieBrown for your mentorship during my playing career and your contribution to the game. I will never forget the encouragement you gave me as a free agent with the @Raiders. RIP Willie Brown #RaiderNation loves you! pic.twitter.com/083bjMcvTA
— Akbar Gbajabiamila (@Akbar_Gbaja) October 22, 2019
If you have not already, we strongly encourage you to sign up for a digital subscription, which gives you access to all content on the Mercury News and East Bay Times websites. With your support, we can continue bringing these stories — and much more — to your screens. Here's where to sign up for the season pass: Mercury News, East Bay Times.


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A celebration of tea and delicacies (savoury and sweet), afternoon tea is a treat for the eye and the taste buds! It's the ultimate excuse to indulge. Our Afternoon Tea includes:
Select and personalise the perfect gift
Your voucher will be sent via post or email
Contact the provider to redeem your voucher
For the latest voucher deals and great savings.
We've brought together the best gift vouchers online and best experience gifts for you to give to the special people in your life. If you need help, do get in touch.


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by Echi Anoruo
on December 26, 2012 on 12/26/12 from Changsha, China
So we've been streaming CNN and raiding the accessible sights online for updates on the election results. I've been texting back and forth with friends from the states to keep me updated on the electoral college numbers. It's so incredibly exciting and nerve racking following this but at at last, I can relax. Obama's got four more years!! This calls for a celebration :)


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Are you looking for the best home mortgage? Are you interested in knowing what it takes to get approved for one? Have you ever found yourself in a situation where you were turned down for a loan, but now you want to take it seriously and try again? Continue reading for some helpful tips you can use when it comes to home mortgages.
It is important to get pre-approved for you home loan before you start looking at properties. It only takes a little shopping around to determine how much you're personally eligible for in terms of price range. Calculating your monthly payments will be easier once you get pre-approved.
New rules of the Affordable Refinance Program for homes may make it possible for you to get a new mortgage, whether you owe more on home than it is valued at or not. This new opportunity has been a blessing to many who were unable to refinance before. Do your research and determine if would help by lowering your payments and building your credit.
If you want a good mortgage, you should have an excellent work history. A majority of lenders will require two years of solid work history in order to approve any loan. Multiple job changes can also cause disqualification. Also, you shouldn't quit your job if you're trying to get a loan.
Make sure to see if a property has decreased in value before seeking a new loan. Get an appraisal before refinancing your loan to ensure that you have enough equity to make the process worthwhile: https://calgarymortgagedepot.ca/TheTrueStoryAboutCalgaryMortgageThatTheExpertsDon.
For the house you are thinking of buying, read up on the past property taxes. You must be able to anticipate your property taxes. Your property taxes are based on the value of your home so a high appraisal can mean higher expenses.
Before you sign the refinanced mortgage, get your full disclosure in a written form. Make sure you understand all the fees, closing costs and interest rate. Most companies are honest about the fees you will have to pay but it is always best to ask about fees before entering a contract.
If you get denied for a home loan, don't stop looking. Just because one lender has denied you, it doesn't mean all lenders will. Keep shopping and explore all available options. You might need someone to co-sign the mortgage.
Speak with many lenders before selecting the one you want to borrow from. Look at their reputations on the Internet and through friends, and look over the contract to see if anything is amiss. When you have all the details. you can select the best one.
You should be honest when getting a loan. If you lie about anything, then this might lead to your loan being denied. If you can't be trusted to be honest with a lender, there's a good chance they won't trust you to pay your loan off, either.
When you're trying to get a home mortgage that's good, you should think about comparing all the brokers you come across. You need a good rate, of course. Look around at the different types of loans that might be available. Think about closing costs, points and other associated expenses when saving money for you home loan.
Think about applying for a home mortgage where you make your payments just two weeks apart. This can help you to pay less interest in the long run because bimonthly payments makes it so that you make two more payments during the year than normal. If you receive a paycheck every other week, you can easily have your mortgage payment taken from a bank account.
After you receive a loan approval, you may stop paying close attention. But, never do anything that might alter your individual credit score until after the loan is formally closed. Even after you secure a loan, the creditor could check out your credit score. They may take your loan back if you're trying to make new car payment or get a credit card that's new.
If you plan to buy a house in the next year, begin establishing a relationship with your bank now. You might even get a small loan and pay it off before you apply for a mortgage. This helps them see you as a good credit risk before you apply for your mortgage.
If you have very little credit or no credit history at all, you will need to use alternative sources to qualify for a mortgage loan. Maintain payment records for no less than twelve months. If you can show that you pay your living expense on time, lenders will take that into consideration: https://calgarymortgagedepot.ca/the-evolution-of-calgary-mortgage-broker.
You can negotiate the terms of your loan if you know what other institutions are offering. Many online lenders have lower interest rates than regular banks. Use these as you pursue a better deal.
You might get a better interest rate if you simply ask for one. If you're too scared to ask for a better deal, you may end up with the short end of the stick. Just remember that they have been asked this question a million times before and the worst they can do say is no, so give it a try!
Be careful before you sign a loan that has prepayment penalties. If your credit is decent, you should never have to sign away this right. Prepaying your loan will save you a lot of interest. You don't want to give up, easily.
Save some money before applying for a mortgage. Necessary down payments vary by lender and the type of loan, but you should have 3.5% down. However, many lenders do require much more than that. If the down payment is below 20% you will have to pay for private mortgage insurance.
Are you ready now to get a home mortgage? Most people can get a mortgage, but they have to be educated to make the best choices. The tips provided here have thankfully brought you up to speed on how to get approved.


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Most Commonly Missed Tax Deductions and Credits for 2017
RRSP contributions made in the first 60 days of 2018
RRSP contributions made in the first 60 days of 2018 can be deducted from your 2017 income. These contributions must be reported on your 2017 return even if you do not want to deduct them until next year.
Child care expenses
Aside from fees paid for child care services, you can also claim day nursery school fees, day camp and day sports school fees, and overnight camps where the primary goal of the camps are to care for children.
Carrying charges and interest expense
You can claim the following carrying charges and interest you paid to earn income from investments:
- fees to manage or take care of your investments
- fees paid to obtain investment advice
- If you borrowed money for investment purposes you can claim the interest paid on that loan
Medical expenses
You can claim expenses you incurred for prescription medication, medical services preformed by a medical practitioner, certain medical devices and many more (see our resources section for a link to CRA's full listing). However, did you know you can also claim travel expenses for obtaining medical services that are not offered in your area. If you had to travel more than 40 kms (one way) to seek medical attention, you can claim your mileage for the trip. For longer trips (over 80 kms) meals and accommodations may also be claimed.
Moving expenses
In general, you can claim eligible moving expenses if:
- You moved and established a new home to work or run a business at a new location; or
- You moved to be a student in a full-time attendance in a post post-secondary program at a university, college or other educational institution.
- To qualify, you new home must be at least 40 kilometres closer to your new work or school.
- Some eligible expenses include, transportation costs, travel expenses, meals, temporary lodging, and in some cases even the costs incurred to sell and buy your home.
Employment expenses
You can deduct certain expenses you paid to earn employment income. You can do this only if your employment contract required you to pay the expenses and you did not receive an allowance for them, or the allowance you received is included in your income. To make the claim, your employer must complete and sign form T2200 Declaration of Conditions of Employment.
Some examples are:
- Travel expenses including food, lodging and transportation if required to be away from your normal place of work
- Allowable motor vehicle expenses can be claimed if you were required to work away from your normal place of work. This would include a percentage of your fuel, maintenance and repairs, insurance, licences, Capital Cost Allowance on your vehicle, interest on your vehicle loan and/or eligible leasing costs.
- Supplies (including tradesperson's tools) that you had to provide and pay and used directly in your work
- Work-space-in-the-home expenses, if the work space is where you mainly (50% of the time) do your work OR you use the space on a regular and continuous basis for meeting clients, customers or other people during your employment duties.
Contact one of our professionals to find out more about these and other deductions you may be missing!


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How much do you know about lonely pets? Answer these five true or false questions to find out.
1 of 10
All dogs experience separation anxiety. You just don't know it.
2 of 10
Cats can be left alone longer than dogs can before exhibiting signs of separation anxiety.
3 of 10
It's illegal to own just one guinea pig in Switzerland.
4 of 10
Prozac has been approved to treat separation anxiety in pets.
5 of 10
Getting another pet to keep your pet company may help ease separation anxiety.
Is your dog or cat lonely? Answer these five questions to find out.
6 of 10
When you're home, your pet:
Is what vets call a "Velcro" pet, following you from room to room, waiting outside the bathroom door for you and generally never letting you out of his or her sight
Likes to have his or her own space, ignoring you most of the time
Is affectionate and enjoys attention but is also comfortable spending time alone
7 of 10
When you put your coat on and start getting ready to leave in the morning:
The cat scampers away and hides; the dog starts pacing, whining and salivating, or becomes aggressive, nipping and biting you as you prepare to leave
They are so busy wolfing down breakfast they don't notice
They settle into their favorite spots for the day
8 of 10
You usually leave your dog or cat alone for:
Eight to 10 hours a day (your dog has a strong bladder)
At least 10 hours on a weekday, but someone walks him or visits in the middle of the day
Never for longer than four or five hours at a time
9 of 10
When you're out of the house:
The dog barks constantly (according to the neighbors), chews up shoes and furniture, and sometimes manages to get out of the house and run away; the cat urinates outside the litter box, often on your bed, caterwauls and knocks plants and picture frames off your shelves
The pets are quiet but don't touch their food
The pets do fine unless there's a change in routine
10 of 10
When you come home:
The dog is ecstatic, jumping up on you, then stopping to run around in circles, returning to jump up on you and whimper, as if to say, "I can't believe you're back. I thought you had all perished. it's a miracle!"
The cat seems fine, but you notice that if you're gone for a day or two, he comes down with an infection shortly after your return
The pets come over to greet you, snuggle briefly and then settle down
Do you ever worry your pet is lonely? If so, what do you do to make your pet feel less alone? Tell us in the comments.


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Saturday, June 23 at 12 PM - 11 PM
The Rochester Museum of Fine Arts invites the LGBTQ+ community (and those who love them) to Hanson Street and Central Square, in downtown Rochester, for a free public pride celebration on Saturday, August 25th, 2018 from 1-4pm, with remarks at 3:30pm. Our mission is to promote unity, visibility, inclusivity, equality, and a positive image of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBTQ+) community. This event is made possible by Rochester Main Street (supported in part by a grant from the New Hampshire State Council On The Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts.)


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Medical School
University of Utah School of Medicine
Hartford Hospital
Nuclear Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Board Certification
American Board of Radiology
American Board of Nuclear Medicine
Dr. Hales graduated from Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah in 1990 with a Bachelor of Science in Zoology. In 1994, he received his Medical Degree from the University of Utah, School of Medicine. Dr. Hales completed his internal medicine internship from 1994 - 1995 at the University of Utah. He completed a diagnostic radiology residency at Hartford Hospital in Hartford, Connecticut. In June of 2000 Dr. Hales finished his fellowship at the Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts.
Dr. Hales authored numerous research papers, which include Tc-99m Red Blood Cell Imaging of Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome (2000) and Coexistent Parathyroid Adenomas and Hurthle Cell Tumors: Failure of Full Detection by Subtraction Method (1998). While attending the University of Utah, Dr. Hales served as an Assistant Researcher in the Radiology Department where he assisted in the protocol design and implementation of Interoperator and Interstudy Variation in MRI Measurement of Renal Vascular Flow, which contributed to an abstract presented at the 1993 Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiologists. He also served as a Genetic Technician at the University of Utah in the Department of Gynecology and Oncology, assisting in the protocol implementation and analysis of A Comparison of Binding Affinities of the E7 Proteins from Human Papilloma Viruses 11 and 16 to the Retinoblastma Supressor Gene. The results of this research were presented at the 1991 Human Papilloma Virus Conference in Washington. Dr. Hales is an editor/contributor to the "Slice of Life" Medical Education Media, funded by the University of Utah Educational Computer Committee.
Dr. Hales joined Desert Radiology in 2003. He currently serves as Medical Director for Desert Radiology's Sandy Ridge faciltiy.
Professional Affiliations
American College of Radiology
American Medical Association
American Roentgen Ray Society
Clark County Medical Society
New England Roentgen Ray Society
Radiological Society of North America


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Break dancing was by far the biggest dance craze of the early 80s. Beginning as a street dance of the '70s and evolving into a popular style all its own, break dancing was born of hip-hop influences, and performing most moves required immense physical aptitude. Break dancing often involved standoffs between dancers to see who could out-maneuver the other.
Before the Nut bush in 1973, it was called the "Madison".
In the 1970 Van McCoy's hit song "The Hustle" which explains how to do the disco dance named in the title, premièred in 1975. The Hustle is defiantly one of the most common dances from the 1970s. The New York is slower than the Los Angeles version and has less foot work.
The Bus Stop is a dance made in 1976. The dance is for beginners.
Nearly anybody who attended a wedding reception in the late 1980s will remember hearing the "Electric Boogie" reverberating across the room and a solid line of people performing The Electric Slide.
Another dance craze, if one could call it that, was slamdancing. Catching on largely because of the development of new age punk and heavy metal in the '80s, slamdancing, also known as moshing, is nothing more than a group of people slamming into one another and jumping around to the sounds of loud metal music.
The most popular dances from the late 2000s are probably the Soulja Boy, the Stanky Leg, the Jerk and the Fist Pump.
ABBA won a contest for the song WaterLoo.
In 1974, Kiss the band created a song called God Gave Rock and Roll To You.
One of the 1st disco hits was "Rock the Boat"
The Bump was an easy two-step dance craze that inspired several songs including the 1976 song " Give Up The Funk." During the Bump, dancers simply took one beat to bump hips. However, the bump is a good dance that can be done with partners at a disco party.
Music became more diverse, with new wave, heavy metal, rap, techno pop, alternative rock and the "new" country sounds.
The 1980s was a decade of revolutionary changes on the music scene. The two major developments were the advent of MTV and the compact disc.
In 1971, Bell Bottoms became very popular.
In 1973 afros and glitter clothes were in style.
The first American Music Awards was broad casted 2 weeks before the Grammy
Paul McCartney's band "Wings" breaks up
Fashion in 1986 was very different from how it is today. People in 1986 would have worn scrunchies, leggings, denim jackets, and like denim miniskirts. This style would be known as retro-funk.


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Nathan Bray received his BFA in ceramics from Bemidji State University in 2009. He has taught in multiple facilities, including the Carbondale Clay Center and Bemidji State University. Bray says that, to him, teaching means to drive process in his personal practice. He finds inspiration for his work in the plasticity of clay and in his passion for electricity, flowers, music, graphic art, and pop art. He uses a variety of colored slips and glazes to activate the surfaces of his terracotta pottery. Bray describes his method of making as stream of consciousness, driven by the continuous flow of new techniques and ideas.
Don't see what you're looking for? We have plenty more pots where these came from. Our sales gallery assistants will be happy to send you more images from the shop floor. Call 612.339.8007 x301.


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Cosmetic Dentistry Before and After Photos
Do you need to have work done? Are you considering a particular treatment? It can help to know what you can expect.
Our Smile Gallery is a collection of before-and-after images of real King Dental patients. We know that a picture is worth a thousand words, so take a look and see what we can do!
This patient came to us with slightly shifted and discolored teeth that affected their smile and confidence. We went through many different options that this patient had but ultimately decided that porcelain veneers were right for them. As you can see this patient now has a beautiful white and straight smile achieved in a very short time.
A common problem we see in our office is discolored and misshapen teeth. One of the hardest things to do is to keep your teeth brilliantly white. That is why we offer many different cosmetic dental procedures to fully transform your smile.


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The Student Union of the University of Eastern Finland
There are 15 candidates running for the ISYY Executive Board 2017.
Candidates are the following:
Humair Ali
Olli Auvinen
Barkat Babar
Henri Hakkarainen
Tahvo Kekkonen
Lina Munčytė
Matti Nivala
Sara Peltola
Mithilesh Prakash
Heikki Räihä
Matias Saastamoinen
Lilian Silva
Heidi Turunen
Waqar Zafar
Zeeshan Zahoor
Motivation letters and CVs of the candidates can be viewed (in Finnish or in English) on ISYY's website.
A panel discussion for the candidates will be held at all campuses on 22.11. from 5 pm to 9 pm (Joensuu AU205, Kuopio MS307, Savonlinna A130).
Students are welcomed to come and follow the discussion. It can also be viewed via video stream.
The ISYY Executive Board for the year 2017 will be elected in ISYY Representative Council's meeting on 9.12.2016 in Joensuu.
More information:
Motivation letter and CVs of Executive Board candidates
Link to the panel discussion video stream


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PlayID/Facebook ID @Cash
PlayID/Facebook ID Account PlayID/Facebook ID Wallet
I received an error message while trying to top-up @Cash into my PlayID/Facebook ID.
If you are receiving a server-side error message, please try to top-up again at a later time. The website may be experiencing temporary technical issues.
Help! I can't top up my prepaid card into my PlayID/Facebook ID!
Please make sure that all alphanumerical characters have been entered exactly as shown on the prepaid card (CAPS sensitive).
If you are receiving other error messages, please scan the back portion of the prepaid card showing the serial number and security code, and email it to us at email@example.com with the following:
1. A scanned copy of the purchase receipt.
2. Registered email address of your account. (Please indicate the account type: PlayID or Facebook ID)
I purchased @Cash through Kiosk (AXS, SAM, etc) but did not receive the codes. What should I do?
Please email to us at firstname.lastname@example.com with the following:
1. A scanned copy of the purchase receipt.
2. Registered email address of your account. (Please indicate the account type: PlayID or Facebook ID)
I haven't received my @Cash codes from Maxis (Hotlink SMS purchase).
For further assistance, you may contact us via Live Chat or iBox, and provide the amount, date and time of purchase, as well as the mobile number used to purchase the @Cash.
I topped up @Cash into my PlayID/Facebook ID, but I don't see it in my game's Cash Shop, why?
Please ensure that you have converted your @Cash into Game Cash/Point for your selected game. You may do so by clicking on the "Manage Wallet" tab in the account summary page.
Do refer to the Game Cash Conversion guide located here if you require more details.
I have been billed for @Cash purchases which I did not make by my Telco provider.
This is a dispute between your Telco service provider and yourself. Please proceed on to make an official police report as this involves monetary issue and is considered as a criminal offence of misappropriating others property.
I have topped-up @Cash to my PlayID/Facebook ID, but when I try to convert to my game account, it tells me that I do not have enough Cash/Point to proceed.
Please send a report to us via iBox with supporting screenshots of the error for further assistance.
Help! I accidentally top up @Cash for the wrong Wallet! I wanted to top up for my PlayFPS Wallet, not PlayID/Facebook ID!
All Game Cash conversions are final and non-reversible. Therefore, please ensure that you have chose the correct wallet before proceeding with the conversion.
How do I purchase @Cash using my credit card?
For the time being, credit card charging is unavailable for @Cash purchases.
You may, however, charge @Cash via the following online resellers, which allows you to transact using credit card.
Or click here for a full listing of the various charging methods available.
Please also note the following requirement in order for your PlayID / Facebook ID to be able to transact via online payment modes.
For PlayID users:
1. Your PlayID needs to be in verified status for more than 14 days.
For Facebook ID users:
1. Your Facebook ID will be verified upon your first time login to the account summary page.
2. Facebook ID needs to be in verified status for more than 14 days.
Can I top-up my Thailand Prepaid Card / e-Pins into your PlayID / Facebook ID?
You will not be able to top-up directly using a Prepaid Card / ePins purchased from Thailand. However, you can convert the top-up codes / ePins into our localized serial number format before charging it into the PlayID / Facebook ID wallet.
Click here to find out how.
I have accidentally bought an item, can I refund or exchange or transfer it to my friend's account?
Please note that it is stated in our Terms of Usage for @Cash and Cash Shop/Items that once purchased successfully, item bought cannot be refunded or exchanged or even transferred to another account.
Note that if the item is intended to be given to a friend, you should use the 'Gift' function and not the 'Buy' function as you can't drop or trade cash items. Player should also note of possible lag issue and be patient for the item to be delivered to avoid unintentional repeat purchase.


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Top Biotech Stocks Based on Deep-Learning : Returns up to 15.23% in 3 Days
Top Biotech Stocks
The BioTech Stocks Package is designed for investors and analysts who need predictions of the best stocks to buy for the whole Biotechnology Industry. It includes 20 stocks with bullish and bearish signals and indicates the best biotech stocks to trade:
- Top 10 Biotech stocks for the long position
- Top 10 Biotech stocks for the short position
Package Name: Biotech Stocks Forecast
Recommended Positions: Long
Forecast Length: 3 Days (7/26/2019 – 7/30/2019)
I Know First Average: 5.22%
Several predictions in this 3 Days forecast saw significant returns. The algorithm had correctly predicted 8 out 10 stock movements. ACHN was the highest-earning trade with a return of 15.23% in 3 Days. GHDX, and MACK had notable returns of 13.76% and 11.7%. The package's overall average return was 5.22%, providing investors with a 4.90% premium over the S&P 500's return of 0.32% during the same period.
Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company, discovers, develops, and commercializes small molecule drug therapies for infectious diseases and immune system disorders in the United States and internationally.
Algorithmic traders utilize these daily forecasts by the I Know First market prediction system as a tool to enhance portfolio performance, verify their own analysis and act on market opportunities faster. This forecast was sent to current I Know First subscribers.
How to interpret this diagram
Algorithmic Stock Forecast: The table on the left is a stock forecast produced by I Know First's algorithm. Each day, subscribers receive forecasts for six different time horizons. Note that the top 10 stocks in the 1-month forecast may be different than those in the 1-year forecast. In the included table, only the relevant stocks have been included. The boxes are arranged according to their respective signal and predictability values (see below for detailed definitions). A green box represents a positive forecast, suggesting a long position, while a red represents a negative forecast, suggesting a short position.
Please note-for trading decisions use the most recent forecast. Get today's forecast and Top stock picks.


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Digital billboard brightness can remind you of Goldilocks and the three bears. You want it to be just right—not too dim during the day and not too bright during the night.
Due in part to our Sign Legislation team and demonstrations they conducted, two jurisdictions now have appropriate brightness regulations under which digital billboards can operate effectively.
In 2013, the legislation team demonstrated digital billboards' ability to brighten and dim to government officials in Columbus, Ohio, and in Puerto Rico. They also explained the industry's recommended brightness regulations, as well as showed them how to enforce these regulations in the field.
Recently, both jurisdictions passed regulations in line with the industry standard (.3 foot candles above ambient light levels when measured at distances determined by sign size).
Before the demonstration, Columbus had been looking into regulations of 2500 NITS during the day and 250 at night. In Puerto Rico, the original legislation looked to ban LED signs that illuminated residential areas.
If you're interested in a demonstration in your city or have any questions, contact our Sign Legislation Team at firstname.lastname@example.com