text:
Query Privileges
Users with querywriter role or greater (designer, admin, globaldesigner, and superuser) can create, install and drop queries.
Any user with queryreader role or greater for a given graph can run the queries for that graph.
To implement fine-grained control over which queries can be executed by which sets of users:
Group your queries into your desired privilege groups.
Define a graph for each privilege group. These graphs can all have the same domain if you wish.
Create your queries, assigning each to its appropriate privilege group.
EBNF for CREATE QUERYcreateQuery := CREATE [OR REPLACE] [DISTRIBUTED] QUERY queryName"(" [parameterList] ")"[FOR GRAPH graphName][RETURNS "(" baseType | accumType ")"][API "(" stringLiteral ")"][SYNTAX syntaxName]"{" queryBody "}"interpretQuery := INTERPRET QUERY "(" ")"[FOR GRAPH graphName][SYNTAX syntaxName]"{" queryBody "}"parameterValueList := parameterValue ["," parameterValue]*parameterValue := parameterConstant| "[" parameterValue ["," parameterValue]* "]" // BAG or SET| "(" stringLiteral, stringLiteral ")" // generic VERTEX valueparameterConstant := numeric | stringLiteral | TRUE | FALSEparameterList := parameterType paramName ["=" constant]["," parameterType paramName ["=" constant]]*syntaxName := namequeryBody := [typedefs] [declStmts] [declExceptStmts] queryBodyStmtstypedefs := (typedef ";")+declStmts := (declStmt ";")+declStmt := baseDeclStmt | accumDeclStmt | fileDeclStmtdeclExceptStmts := (declExceptStmt ";")+queryBodyStmts := (queryBodyStmt ";")+installQuery := INSTALL QUERY [installOptions] ( "*" | ALL |queryName ["," queryName]* )runQuery := RUN QUERY [runOptions] queryName "(" parameterValueList ")"showQuery := SHOW QUERY queryNamedropQuery := DROP QUERY ( "*" | ALL | queryName ["," queryName]* )
A GSQL query is a sequence of data retrieval-and-computation statements executed as a single operation. Users can write queries to explore a data graph however they like, to read and make computations on the graph data along the way, to update the graph, and to deliver resulting data. A query is analogous to a user-defined procedure or function: it can have one or more input parameters, and it can produce output in two ways: by returning a value or by printing. A query can be run in one of three ways:
Define and run an unnamed query immediately:
INTERPRET QUERY: execute the query's statements
Alternately, there is also a built-in REST++ endpoint to interpret a query string:
POST /gsqlserver/interpreted_query
See the RESTPP API User Guide for details.
Define a named query and then run it.
CREATE QUERY: define the functionality of the query
INTERPRET QUERY: execute the query with input values
Define a named query, compile it to optimize performance, and then run it.
CREATE QUERY: define the functionality of the query
INSTALL QUERY: compile the query
RUN QUERY: execute the query with input values
There are some limitations to Interpreted mode. See the section on INTERPRET QUERY and the appendix section Interpreted GSQL Limitations.
createQuery := CREATE [OR REPLACE] [DISTRIBUTED] QUERY queryName"(" [parameterList] ")"[FOR GRAPH graphName][RETURNS "(" baseType | accumType ")"][API "(" stringLiteral ")"][SYNTAX syntaxName]"{" queryBody "}"queryBody := [typedefs] [declStmts] [declExceptStmts] queryBodyStmts
CREATE QUERY defines the functionality of a query on a given graph schema.
A query has a name, a parameter list, the name of the graph being queried, an optional RETURNS type (see Section "RETURN Statement" for more details), optional specifiers for the output api and the language syntax version, and a body. The body consists of an optional sequence of typedefs , followed by an optional sequence of declarations, then followed by one or more statements. The body defines the behavior of the query.
DYNAMIC Query Support
As of TigerGraph 3.0+,
FOR GRAPH graphName is optional, as long as the graph has been specified already, either when entering gsql:
GSQL -g graphName [<gsql_command>]
or once inside the GSQL shell, by using the
USE GRAPH graphName command.
This is one aspect of Dynamic Querying.
If the optional keywords OR REPLACE are included, then this query definition, if error-free, will replace a previous definition with the same query name. The new query will not be installed. That is,
CREATE OR REPLACE QUERY name
acts like
DROP QUERY name
CREATE QUERY name
However, if there are any errors in this query definition, then the previous query definition will be maintained. If the OR REPLACE option is not used, then GSQL will reject a CREATE QUERY command that uses an existing name.
The DISTRIBUTED option applies only to installations where the graph has been distributed across a cluster . If specified, the query will run with a different execution model which may give better performance for queries which traverse a large portion of the cluster. Not all GSQL query language features are supported in DISTRIBUTED mode. For details, see the separate document: Distributed Query Mode.
Typedefs allow the programmer to define custom types for use within the body. The declarations support definition of accumulators (see Chapter "Accumulators" for more details) and global/local variables. All accumulators and global variables must be declared before any statements. There are various types of statements that can be used within the body. Typically, the core statement(s) in the body of a query is one or more SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE statements. The language supports conditional statements such as an IF statement as well as looping constructs such as WHILE and FOREACH. It also supports calling functions, assigning variables, printing, and modifying the graph data.
The query body may include calls to other queries. That is, the other queries are treated as subquery functions. See the subsection on "Queries as Functions".
Example of a CREATE QUERY statementCREATE QUERY createQueryEx (STRING uid) FOR GRAPH socialNet RETURNS (int)SYNTAX v2 {# declaration statementsusers = {person.*};# body statementsposts = SELECT pFROM users:u-(posted)->:pWHERE u.id == uid;PRINT posts;RETURN posts.size();}
This table lists the supported data types for input parameters and return values.
Parameter Types
Return Types
API (JSON output format)
currently, the only option is "v2" (default)
v1 (default) or v2 (pattern matching). See the SELECT Statement section for an outline of the differences. See Pattern Matching for details on v2.
TigerGraph 3.0+ supports Dynamic Querying. This means the query can be written and installed as a saved procedure without referencing a particular graph. Schema details -- the name of the graph, vertex types, edge types, and attributes -- can all be parameterized. The only need to be specified at run time.
There are the ingredients for a dynamic query:
Graph name: When creating a query,
FOR GRAPH graphName is optional, as long as the graph has been specified already, either when entering gsql:
GSQL -g graphName [<gsql_command>]
or once inside the GSQL shell, by using the
USE GRAPH graphName command.
Vertex type and edge type in SELECT statements. Typically, the FROM clause mentions the name of specific vertex types and edge types. String or string set parameters can be used here instead.
Attribute names. The getAttr and setAttr functions, which take attribute name and data type as string parameters, can be used to parameterize attribute access.
INSERT statements: If you are using INSERT to add data to your graph, you need to specify what type of vertex or edge you want to add. This can also be parameterized.
Here is a simple example to demonstrate how to apply Dynamic GSQL Query techniques. Here is the PageRank algorithm from our GSQL Graph Algorithm library. Here is it with schema information embedded statically in the query:
graph name = social
vertex type = Page
edge type = Link
vertex attribute = Score
CREATE QUERY pageRank (FLOAT maxChange=0.00, INT maxIter=25, FLOAT damping=0.85)FOR GRAPH SocialSYNTAX v2{MaxAccum<float> @@maxDiff = 9999;SumAccum<float> @recv_score = 0;SumAccum<float> @score = 1;WHILE @@maxDiff > maxChange LIMIT maxIter DO@@maxDiff = 0;V = SELECT sFROM Page:s -(Link>:e)- Page:tACCUM t.@received_score += s.@score/(s.outdegree("Link"))POST-ACCUM s.@score = (1.0-damping) + damping * s.@recv_score,s.@received_score = 0,@@maxDiff += abs(s.@score - s.@score');END; # END WHILE loopV = SELECT s FROM Page:sPOST-ACCUM s.Score = s.@score;}RUN QUERY pageRank(_,_,_)
Here is the same algorithm written in Dynamic Querying style:
CREATE QUERY pageRankDyn (FLOAT maxChange=0.00, INT maxIter=25, FLOAT damping=0.85,STRING vType, STRING eType, STRING attr) // ParametersSYNTAX v2{MaxAccum<float> @@maxDiff = 9999;SumAccum<float> @recv_score = 0;SumAccum<float> @score = 1;WHILE @@maxDiff > maxChange LIMIT maxIter DO@@maxDiff = 0;V = SELECT sFROM vType:s -(eType>:e)- vType:t // ParameterizedACCUM t.@received_score += s.@score/(s.outdegree(eType)) //ParamPOST-ACCUM s.@score = (1.0-damping) + damping * s.@recv_score,s.@received_score = 0,@@maxDiff += abs(s.@score - s.@score');END;V = SELECT s FROM Page:sPOST-ACCUM s.setAttr(attr, s.@score); // Parameterized}RUN QUERY pageRankDyn(_,_,_,"Page", "Link", "Score")
A statement is a standalone instruction that expresses an action to be carried out. The most common statements are data manipulation language ( DML) statements . DML statements include the SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT INTO, DELETE FROM, and DELETE statements.
A GSQL query has two levels of statements. The upper-level statement type is called query-body-level statement , or query-body statement for short. This statement type is part of either the top-level block or a query-body control flow block. For example, each of the statements at the top level directly under CREATE QUERY is a query-body statement. If one of the statements is a CASE statement with several THEN blocks, each of the statements in the THEN blocks is also a query-body statement. Each query-body statement ends with a semicolon.
The lower-level statement type is called DML-sub-level statement or DML-sub-statement for short. This statement type is used inside certain query-body DML statements, to define particular data manipulation actions. DML-sub-statements are comma-separated. There is no comma or semicolon after the last DML-sub-statement in a block. For example, one of the top-level statements is a SELECT statement, each of the statements in its ACCUM clause is a DML-sub-statement. If one of those DML-sub-statements is a CASE statement, each of the statement in the THEN blocks is a DML-sub-statement.
There is some overlap in the types. For example, an assignStmt can be used either at the query-body level or the DML-sub-level.
queryBodyStmts := (queryBodyStmt ";")+queryBodyStmt := assignStmt // Assignment| vSetVarDeclStmt // Declaration| gAccumAssignStmt // Assignment| gAccumAccumStmt // Assignment| lAccumAccumStmt // Assignment| funcCallStmt // Function Call| selectStmt // Select| queryBodyCaseStmt // Control Flow| queryBodyIfStmt // Control Flow| queryBodyWhileStmt // Control Flow| queryBodyForEachStmt // Control Flow| BREAK // Control Flow| CONTINUE // Control Flow| updateStmt // Data Modification| insertStmt // Data Modification| queryBodyDeleteStmt // Data Modification| printStmt // Output| printlnStmt // Output| logStmt // Output| returnStmt // Output| raiseStmt // Exception| tryStmt // ExceptionDMLSubStmtList := DMLSubStmt ["," DMLSubStmt]*DMLSubStmt := assignStmt // Assignment| funcCallStmt // Function Call| gAccumAccumStmt // Assignment| lAccumAccumStmt // Assignment| attrAccumStmt // Assignment| vAccumFuncCall // Function Call| localVarDeclStmt // Declaration| DMLSubCaseStmt // Control Flow| DMLSubIfStmt // Control Flow| DMLSubWhileStmt // Control Flow| DMLSubForEachStmt // Control Flow| BREAK // Control Flow| CONTINUE // Control Flow| insertStmt // Data Modification| DMLSubDeleteStmt // Data Modification| printlnStmt // Output| logStmt // Output
Guidelines for understanding statement type hierarchy:
Top-level statements are Query-Body type (each statement ending with a semicolon).
The statements within a DML statement are DML-sub statements (comma-separated list).
The blocks within a Control Flow statement have the same type as the entire Control Flow statement itself.
Schematic illustration of relationship between queryBodyStmt and DMLSubStmt# Each statement's operation type is either ControlFlow, DML, or other.# Each statement's syntax type is either queryBodyStmt or DMLSubStmt.CREATE QUERY stmtTypes (parameterList) FOR GRAPH g [other queryBodyStmt1;ControlFlow queryBodyStmt2 # ControlFlow inside top level.other queryBodyStmt2.1; # subStmts in ControlFlow are queryBody unless inside DML.ControlFlow queryBodyStmt2.2 # ControlFlow inside ControlFlow inside top levelother queryBodyStmt2.2.1;other queryBodyStmt2.2.2;END;DML queryBodyStmt2.3 # DML inside ControlFlow inside top-levelother DMLSubStmt2.3.1, # switch to DMLSubStmtother DMLSubStmt2.3.2;END;DML queryBodyStmt3 # DML inside top level.other DMLSubStmt3.1, # All subStmts in DML must be DMLSubStmt typeControlFlow DMLSubStmt3.2 # ControlFlow inside DML inside top levelother DMLSubStmt3.2.1,other DMLSubStmt3.2.2,DML DMLsubStmt3.3other DMLSubStmt3.3.1,other DMLSubStmt3.3.2;other queryBodyStmt4;
Here is a descriptive list of query-body statements:
EBNF term
Common Name
Assignment Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Vertex Set Variable Declaration Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Global Accumulator Assignment Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Global Accumulator Accumulation Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Local Accumulator Accumulation Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Functional Call or Query Call Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
SELECT Statement
See "SELECT Statement"
query-body CASE statement
See "Control Flow Statements"
query-body IF statement
See "Control Flow Statements"
query-body WHILE statement
See "Control Flow Statements"
query-body FOREACH statement
See "Control Flow Statements"
UPDATE Statement
See "Data Modification Statements"
INSERT INTO statement
See "Data Modification Statements"
Query-body DELETE Statement
See "Data Modification Statements"
PRINT Statement
See "Output Statements"
LOG Statement
See Output Statements"
RETURN Statement
See "Output Statements"
PRINT Statement
See "Exception Statements"
TRY Statement
See "Exception Statements"
Here is a descriptive list of DML-sub-statements:
EBNF term
Common Name
Assignment Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Functional Call Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Global Accumulator Accumulation Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Local Accumulator Accumulation Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Attribute Accumulation Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Vertex-attached Accumulator Function Call Statement
See "Declaration and Assignment Statements"
Local Variable Declaration Statement
See "SELECT Statement"
INSERT INTO Statement
See "Control Flow Statements"
DML-sub DELETE Statement
See "Data Modification Statements"
DML-sub CASE statement
See "Data Modification Statements"
DML-sub IF statement
See "Data Modification Statements"
DML-sub FOREACH statement
See "Data Modification Statements"
DML-sub WHILE statement
See "Data Modification Statements"
LOG Statement
See "Output Statements"
INTERPRET QUERY runs a query by translating it line-by-line. This is in contrast to the 2-step flow: (1) INSTALL to pre-translate and optimize a query, then (2) RUN to execute the installed query. The basic trade-off between INTERPRET QUERY and INSTALL/RUN QUERY is as follows:
Starts running immediately but may take longer to finish than running an INSTALLed query.
Suitable for ad hoc exploration of a graph or when developing and debugging an application, and rapid experimentation is desired.
Supports most but not all of the features of the full GSQL query language. See the Appendix section Interpreted GSQL Limitations.
Takes up to a minute to INSTALL.
Runs faster than INTERPRET, from only a few percent faster to twice as fast.
Should always be used for production environments with fixed queries.
There are two GSQL syntax options for Interpreted GSQL: Immediate mode and Saved-query mode. In addition there is also a predefined RESTful endpoint for running interpreted GSQL:
POST /gsqlserver/interpreted_query. The query body is sent as the payload of the request. The syntax is like the Immediate query option, except that it is possible to provide parameters, using the query string of the endpoint's request URL. The example below shows a parameterized query using the POST /gsqlserver/interpreted_query endpoint. For more details, see the RESTPP API User Guide.
Interpreted GSQL REST Endpoint with Immediate Querycurl --user tigergraph:tigergraph -X POST 'localhost:14240/gsqlserver/interpreted_query?a=10' -d 'INTERPRET QUERY (int a) FOR GRAPH gsql_demo {PRINT a;}'
interpret-anonymous-query syntaxinterpretQuery := INTERPRET QUERY "(" ")"[FOR GRAPH graphName][SYNTAX syntaxName]"{" queryBody "}"
This syntax is similar in concept to SQL queries. Queries are not named, do not accept parameters, and are not saved after being run. Syntax differences from compiled GSQL:
The keyword CREATE is replaced with INTERPRET.
The query is executed immediately by the INTERPRET statement. The INSTALL and RUN statements are not used.
Parameters are not accepted.
Compare the example below to the example in the Create Query section:
No query name, no parameters, no RETURN
Because no parameter is allowed, the parameter uid is set within the query.
Example of Immediate Mode for INTERPRET QUERYINTERPRET QUERY () FOR GRAPH socialNet {# declaration statementsSTRING uid = "Jane.Doe";users = {person.*};# body statementsposts = SELECT pFROM users:u-(posted)->:pWHERE u.id == uid;PRINT posts, posts.size();}
interpret-saved-query syntaxrunQuery := (RUN | INTERPRET) QUERY [runOptions] queryName "(" parameterValueList ")"
This syntax is like RUN query, except
The keyword RUN is replaced with INTERPRET.
Some options may not be supported.
Example of Interpret-Only Mode for INTERPRET QUERYINTERPRET QUERY createQueryEx ("Jane.Doe")
installQuery := INSTALL QUERY [installOptions] ( "*" | ALL | queryName [, queryMame]* )
A query must be installed before it can be executed. The INSTALL QUERY command will install the queries listed:
INSTALL QUERY queryName1, queryName2, ...
It can also install all uninstalled queries, using either of the following commands: INSTALL QUERY * INSTALL QUERY ALL
Note: Installing takes several seconds for each query. The current version does not support concurrent installation and running of queries. Other concurrent graph operations will be delayed until the installation finishes.
The following options are available:
Reinstall the query even if the system indicates the query is already installed. This is useful for overwriting an installation that is corrupted or otherwise outdated, without having to drop and then recreate the query. If this option is not used, the GSQL shell will refuse to re-install a query that is already installed.
During standard installation, the user-defined queries are dynamically linked to the GSQL language code. Anytime after INSTALL QUERY has been performed, another statement, INSTALL QUERY -OPTIMIZE can be executed. The names of the individual queries are not needed. This operation optimizes all previously installed queries, reducing their run times by about 20%. Optimize a query if query run time is more important to you than query installation time.
CREATE QUERY query1...INSTALL QUERY query1RUN QUERY query1(...)...INSTALL QUERY -OPTIMIZE # (optional) optimizes run time performance for query1 and query2RUN QUERY query1(...) # runs faster than before
INSTALL QUERY -OPTIMIZE query_name
If you have a distributed database deployment, installing the query in DISTRIBUTED mode can increase performance for single queries - using a single worker from each available machine to yield results. Certain cases may benefit more from this option than others -- more detailed information is available on the next page: Distributed Query Mode .
INSTALL QUERY -DISTRIBUTED query_name
Installing a query creates a REST++ endpoint. Once a query is installed, there are two ways of executing a query. either using the GSQL
RUN QUERY command or by sending a REST request.
Query output size limitation
There is a maximum size limit of 2GB for the result set of a SELECT block. A SELECT block is the main component of a query which searches for and returns data from the graph. If the result of the SELECT block is larger than 2GB, the system will return no data. NO error message is produced.
RUN QUERY syntaxrunQuery := (RUN | INTERPRET) QUERY [runOptions] queryName "(" parameterValueList ")"runOptions := ( "-av" | "-d" )*parameterValueList := parameterValue [, parameterValue]*
RUN QUERY exampleRUN QUERY RunQueryEx(1, "test", 3.14)
Application developers may find it more convenient to run queries by sending an HTTP request to a REST endpoint. Installed queries have an endpoint
If the REST++ server is local, then
server_ip is localhost. The request can use either the GET or POST method. The query parameter values are either included directly in the query string of the HTTP request's URL or supplied using a data payload. The basic format for the parameters as a query string is
The following two curl commands are each equivalent to the RUN QUERY command above. The first gives the parameter values in the query string in a URL. This example illustrates the simple format for primitive data types such as INT, DOUBLE, and STRING. The second gives the parameter values through the curl command's data payload -d option.
Running a query via HTTP requestcurl -X GET "http://localhost:9000/query/testGraph/RunQueryEx?p1=1&p2=test&p3=3.14"curl -d @RunQueryEx.dat -X POST "http://localhost:9000/query/testGraph/RunQueryEx"
where RunQueryExPara.dat has the exact string as the query string in the first URL.
To see a list of the parameter names and types for the user-installed GSQL queries, run the following REST++ request:
curl -X GET "http://localhost:9000/endpoints?dynamic=true"
By using the data payload option, the user can avoid using a long and complex URL, as well as keep their parameters more secure. In fact, to call the same query but with different parameters, only the data payload file contents need to be changed; the HTTP request can be the same. The file loader loads the entire file, appends multiple lines into one, and uses the resulting string as the URL query string. If both a query string and a data payload are given (which we strongly discourage), both are included, where the URL query string's parameter values overwrite the values given in the data payload.
Some curl options may be either required or recommended for security, user authentication, or error messages. Please see RESTPP Requests for general advice on using TigerGraph REST endpoints.
This subsection describes how to format the complex type parameter values when executing a query by RUN QUERY or curl command. More details about all parameter types are described in Section "Query Parameter Types"
Parameter type
Query string for GET /query HTTP Request
SET or BAG of primitives
Square brackets enclose the collection of values.
Example: a set p1 of integers: [1,5,10]
Assign multiple values to the same parameter name.
Example: a set p1 of integers: p1=1&p1=5&p1=10
If the vertex type is specified in the query definition, then the vertex argument is simply vertex_id
Example: vertex type is person and desired id is person2. "person2"
Example: vertex type is person and desired id is person2. vp=person2
(type not pre-specified)
If the type is not defined in the query definition, then the argument must provide both the id and type in parentheses:(vertex_id, vertex_type)
Example: a vertex va w ith id="person1" and type="person: ("person1","person")
Example: parameter vertex va when type="person" and id="person1": va=person1&va.type=person
SET or BAG of VERTEX<type>
Same as a SET or BAG of primitives, where the primitive type is vertex_id. Example: [ "person3", "person4" ]
Same as a SET or BAG of primitives, where the primitive type is vertex_id. Example: vp=person3&vp=person4
SET or BAG of VERTEX
(type not pre-specified)
Same as a SET or BAG of vertices, with vertex type not pre-specified. Square brackets enclose a comma-separated list of vertex (id, type) pairs. Mixed types are permitted. Example: [ ("person1","person") , ("11","post") ]
The SET or BAG must be treated like an array, specifying the first, second, etc. elements with indices [0], [1], etc. The example below provides the same input arguments as the RUN QUERY example to the left.
When square brackets are used in a curl URL, the -g option or escape characters must be adopted. If the parameters are given by data payload (either by file or data payload string), the -g option is not needed and escape characters should not be used.
Below are examples.
Running a query via HTTP request - complex parameter type# 1. SET or BAGCREATE QUERY RunQueryEx2(SET<INT> p1) FOR GRAPH testGraph{ .... }# To run this query (either RUN QUERY or curl):GSQL > RUN QUERY RunQueryEx2([1,5,10])curl -X GET "http://localhost:9000/query/testGraph/RunQueryEx2?p1=1&p1=5&p1=10"# 2. VERTEX.# First parameter is any vertex; second parameter must be a person type.CREATE QUERY printOneVertex(VERTEX va, VERTEX<person> vp) FOR GRAPH socialNet {PRINT va, vp;}# To run this query:GSQL > RUN QUERY printOneVertex(("person1","person"),"person2") # 1st param must give type: (vertex_id, vertex_type)curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9000/query/socialNet/printOneVertex?va=person1&va.type=person&vp=person2'# 3. BAG or SET of VERTEX, any typeCREATE QUERY printOneBagVertices(BAG<VERTEX> va) FOR GRAPH socialNet {PRINT va;}# To run this query:GSQL > RUN QUERY printOneBagVertices([("person1","person"), ("11","post")]) # [(vertex_1_id, vertex_1_type), (vertex_2_id, vertex_2_type), ...]curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9000/query/socialNet/printOneBagVertices?va\[0\]=person1&va\[0\].type=person&va\[1\]=11&va\[1\].type=post'curl -g -X GET 'http://localhost:9000/query/socialNet/printOneBagVertices?va[0]=person1&va[0].type=person&va[1]=11&va[1].type=post'# 4. BAG or SET of VERTEX, pre-specified typeCREATE QUERY printOneSetVertices(SET<VERTEX<person>> vp) FOR GRAPH socialNet {PRINT vp;}# To run this query:GSQL > RUN QUERY printOneSetVertices(["person3", "person4"]) # [vertex_1_id, vertex_2_id, ...]curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9000/query/socialNet/printOneSetVertices?vp=person3&vp=person4'
This data payload option can accept a file up to 128MB by default. To increase this limit to xxx MB, use the following command:
gadmin --set nginx.client_max_body_size xxx -f
The upper limit of this setting is 1024 MB. Raising the size limit for the data payload buffer reduces the memory available for other operations, so be cautious about increasing this limit.
For more detailed information about REST++ endpoints and requests, see the RESTPP API User Guide .
The following options are available when running a query:
Some queries run with all or almost all vertices in a SELECT statement s, e.g. PageRank algorithm. In this case, the graph processing engine can run much more efficiently in all-vertex mode. In the all-vertex mode, all vertices are always selected, and the following actions become ineffective:
Filtering with selected vertices or vertex types. The source vertex set must be all vertices.
Filtering with the WHERE clause.
Filtering with the HAVING clause.
Assigning designated vertex or designated type of vertexes. E.g. X = { vertex_type .*}
To run the query in all-vertex mode, use the -av option in shell mode or include
__GQUERY__USING_ALL_ACTIVE_MODE=true in the query string of an HTTP request.
GSQL > RUN QUERY -av test()## In a curl URL call. Note the use of both single and double underscores.curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9000/query/graphname/queryname?__GQUERY__USING_ALL_ACTIVE_MODE=true'
The diagnose option can be turned on in order to produce a diagnostic monitoring log, which contains the processing time of each SELECT block . To turn on the monitoring log, use the -d option in shell mode or
__GQUERY__monitor=true in the query string of an HTTP request.
GSQL > RUN QUERY -d test()## In a curl URL call. Note the use of both single and double underscores.curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9000/query/graphname/queryname?__GQUERY__monitor=true'
The path of the generated log file will be shown as a part of output message. An example log is shown below:
Query Block Start (#6) start at 11:52:06.415284Query Block Start (#6) end at 11:52:06.415745 (takes 0.000442 s)Query test takes totally 0.001 s (restpp's pre/post process time not included)---------------- Summary (sort by total_time desc) ----------------Query Block Start on Line 6----------------------------------------------------------total iterations count : 1avg iterations stats : 0.000442smax iterations stats : 0.000442smin iterations stats : 0.000442stotal activated vertex count : 2max activated vertex count : 2min activated vertex count : 2
The standard output of GSQL queries is in industry-standard JSON format. A JSON object is an unordered set of key:value pairs , enclosed in curly braces. Among the acceptable data types for a JSONvalue are array and object . A JSON array is an ordered list of values , enclosed in square brackets. Since values can be objects or arrays, JSON supports hierarchical, nested structures. Strings are enclosed in double quotation marks. We also use the term field to refer to a key (or a key:value pair) of a given object.
At the top level of the JSON structure are four required fields ("version", "error", "message", and "results") and one dependent field ("code"). If a query is successful, the value of "error" will be "false", the "message" value will be empty, and the "results" value will be the intended output of the query. If an error or exception occurred during query execution, the "error" value will be "true", the "message" value will be a string message describing the error condition, and the "results" field will be empty. Also, the "code" field will contain an error code.
Beginning with version 2 (v2) of the output specification, an additional top-level field is required: "version". The "version" value is an object with the following fields:
"version" field
String specifying the output API version. Values are specified as follows:
String indicating the edition of the product. Current possible values are "developer" and "enterprise".
Integer representing which version of the user's graph schema is currently in use. When a CREATE GRAPH statement is executed, the version is initialized to 0. Each time a SCHEMA_CHANGE JOB is run, the schema value is incremented (e.g., 1, 2, etc.).
Other top-level objects, such as "code" may appear in certain circumstances. Note that the top-level objects are enclosed in curly braces, meaning that they form an unordered set. They may appear in any order.
Below is an example of the output of a successful query:
Top Level JSON of a Valid Query - Example{"version": {"edition": "developer","api": "v2","schema": "1"},"error": false,"message": "","results": [{results_of_PRINT_statement_1},...,{results_of_PRINT_statement_N}]}
The value of the "results" key-value pair is a sequential list of the data objects specified by the PRINT statements of the query. The list order follows the order of PRINT execution. The detailed format of the PRINT statement results is described in Output Statements and FILE Objects.
The following REST response misspells the name of the endpoint
GET echo/ Request and Responsecurl -X GET "http://localhost:9000/eco"
and generates the following output:
{"version": {"edition":"developer","api":"v2","schema":0},"error": true,"message": "Endpoint is not found from url = /eco, please use GET /endpoints to list all valid endpoints.","code": "REST-1000"}
The following GSQL statement can be used to set the JSON output API configuration.
SET json_api = <version_string>
This statement sets a persistent system parameter. Each version of the TigerGraph platform is pre-configured to what was the latest output API that at the time of release. For example, platform version 1.1 is configured so that each query will produce v2 output by default.
As of TigerGraph v3.0, the only supported JSON API is "v2".
To show the GSQL text of a query, run
SHOW QUERY query_name . The
query_name argument can use * or ? wildcards from Linux globbing, or it can be a regular expression, when preceded by
-r. See SHOW: View Parts of the Catalog
Additionally, the "ls" GSQL command lists all created queries and identifies which queries have been installed.
To drop a query, run
DROP QUERY query_name . The query will be uninstalled (if it has been installed) and removed from the dictionary. The GSQL language will refuse to drop an installed query Q if another query R is installed which calls query Q . That is, all calling queries must be dropped before or at the same time that their called subqueries are dropped.
To drop all queries,, either of the following commands can be used: DROP QUERY ALL DROP QUERY *
The scope of ALL depends on the user's current scope. If the user has set a working graph, then DROP ALL removes all the jobs for that graph. If a superuser has set their scope to be global, then DROP ALL removes all jobs across all graph spaces.


text:
There will be an informal reception with food and drinks for the participants at the end of the first day of the course. We hope that all of you will attend. Location is Anestesien in Domus Medica.
Contact UiO
University of Oslo
P.O. Box 1072 Blindern
0316 Oslo
In case of fires, accidents or serious incidents +47 22 85 66 66

subset: commoncrawl


text:
What a gift, This b***h is nuts and loves taking any and every kind of drug out there. She is not to be trusted with anything. She is a deadbeat at everything, Being a friend, A mother, And a wife or girlfriend. If you have anything of value, You need to hide it because she will steal anything and everything you have, She is a d**n good thief. Danielle even has the weirdest t**s ever.
Danielle Doe – Boston, Massachusetts
146 Hits


text:
Due to annual maintenance on our servers, you may find some parts of our website pages disturbed a little. We are sorry for the inconvenience.
Home Geeks USA has been serving Alexandria Township NJ and surrounding areas with its exceptional roofing services and siding services. We are one of the best roofing companies and offer roof installation to our customers. You can also count on us for your siding issues since we are proficient in siding installation and siding replacement. We offer aluminum siding repair, home siding repair, cedar vinyl siding, wood house siding, and vinyl replacement windows. Our siding repair service is second to none, and we are proud of our exceptional customer care.
Each member of our team has been professionally trained and strives to deliver the best possible results. Whether you hire us for our roofing services or siding repair service; you'll be dealing with professionals who are experienced and can deliver stellar results.
Our skilled technicians come equipped with the appropriate tools for the job and meticulously work to deliver outstanding results. We are one of the professional roofing companies in town. We are renowned in the area for our commitment to excellence and customer-friendly staff. Our siding repair service is also loved by our customers in Alexandria Township NJ and surrounding areas because of the diverse kinds of siding repair that we can cater to. That's not all though; we are also experienced when it comes to siding installation and siding replacement.
If you're looking for affordable roofing companies that can deliver incredible results, then you've come to the right place. We are highly experienced with roof installation and understand the importance of high-quality roof installation. A roof can last for decades, if and only if, the roof installation was carried out as per standards. That's why we make sure that highest possible quality of standards is being maintained during our roofing services.
We are one of the best roofing companies thanks to our skilled roofers who are always striving to improve their craft and keep themselves updated with the latest roofing techniques. We are the roofing contractors you should rely on when you're in need of expert roofing services.
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text:
I am "one in two-hundred females with color blindness". I can distinct primary colors pretty well, and find my self mostly struggling with some varieties of blended colors. I have always been drawn to artworks with lots of black tones like for instance those of the Dutch painter Jan Mankes, 1889-1920. When in a room with several paintings, like in the Museum of Arnhem, these are the ones that my eyes are drawn to.
When I first saw his work in our local art museum I was blown away by the paintings of Jan Mankes. The colors he uses, the topics of his works and even the small size of his paintings, accredit to the fantastic sober, dark and natural atmosphere of his artistic legacy. The frames that were used for his paintings, are made of wood and are often very broad and robust, also complimenting the petite fragile inner state of the paintings. Since that moment in the museum, (to me almost a spiritual happening) I became a big fan of his work. Most artworks by Mankes have that darkness that I like. A literal darkness. I think the scarceness of bright and light colors is in beautiful contrast with Mankes smooth, powdery and gentle streak.
His sometimes unusual use of color and the dark blend, makes me wonder if Mankes might have been colorblind. It takes one to know one I suppose?
Darkness in old paintings, like that in the paintings of the great masters, Rembrandt van Rijn for instance, was often caused by the layer upon layer of yellowed and browned lacquer and the dependence on natural sources of daylight. Next to that, their paint and pigments where natural and made by following very precise alchemy recipes. Sometimes the pigments and the paint where poorly made. Turning black after long periods of time because the pigments in the paint turned out to be unstable.
Art lovers and artists themselves have come to associate the darkness in the paintings with the quality of the old masters. Later generations of artists have used special dark brown lacquer for their paintings in order to create that brown and yellowish veil over their works.
I have recently read some of the correspondence of Jan with his friend and art collector Gouma (1882 – 1926) The way Jan writes about the weather, nature and his environment, makes me think he was a fan of "the dark days before Christmas "as we say here in the Netherlands and actually enjoyed those beautiful soft and natural colors that come with that time of the year. I came to understand that Jan was very inspired by the woodblock prints of the Japanese artist Hokusai and bought his very first etching press because he wanted to make prints himself. In 1913 he started with his first prints and I am glad that he did because the woodblock prints and etchings by Jan Mankes are of an exceptional quality as you can see here on the left. Portraying a prickly animal so soft and touchable with only black and white as an option is truly the work of a great artist. I must say that I am always scouting to hopefully obtain one of those great woodblock prints by Jan Mankes. They are being sold for absurd amounts of money here in Jan Mankes's Lowlands.
In 1920, Jan Mankes unfortunately died from tuberculosis when he was only 30 years old. He left a legacy of 150 small paintings, 100 drawings, and 50 graphics.
I have translated one of Jan's many letters for reference: "A Letter from Jan Mankes".


text:
≠ Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
≠ 0 - 4 MHz, 2.7 - 6.0V
and Compare and Capture Modes
enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock
cycle, the AT90S2313 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing
the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.
ters. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed
in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving
throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.
with 2K bytes
datasheet, please visit our web site at
of In-System Programmable Flash, 128 bytes EEPROM,
128 bytes SRAM, 15 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general
purpose working registers, flexible timer/counters with
compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a pro-
grammable serial UART, programmable Watchdog Timer
with internal oscillator, an SPI serial port for Flash Memory
downloading and two software selectable power saving
modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the
SRAM, timer/counters, SPI port and interrupt system to
continue functioning. The power down mode saves the reg-
ister contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other
chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset.
non-volatile memory technology. The on-chip In-System
reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial interface or
by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By
combining an enhanced RISC 8-bit CPU with In-System
Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel
AT90S2313 is a powerful microcontroller that provides a
highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embed-
ded control applications.
gram and system development tools including: C compil-
ers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, in-
circuit emulators, and evaluation kits.
vide internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). PB0
and PB1 also serve as the positive input (AIN0) and the
negative input (AIN1), respectively, of the on-chip analog
comparator. The Port B output buffers can sink 20mA and
can drive LED displays directly. When pins PB0 to PB7 are
used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will
source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated.
of the AT90S2313 as listed on page 38.
resistors, PD6..PD0. The Port D output buffers can sink 20
mA. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will
source current if the pull-up resistors are activated.
of the AT90S2313 as listed on page 43.
the oscillator is running resets the device.
internal clock operating circuit.
inverting amplifier which can be configured for use as an
on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 2. Either a quartz
crystal or a ceramic resonator may be used. To drive the
device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left
unconnected while XTAL1 is driven as shown in Figure 3.
general purpose working registers with a single clock cycle
access time. This means that during one single clock cycle,
one ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) operation is executed. Two
operands are output from the register file, the operation is
executed, and the result is stored back in the register file -
in one clock cycle.
address register pointers for Data Space addressing -
enabling efficient address calculations. One of the three
address pointers is also used as the address pointer for the
constant table look up function. These added function reg-
isters are the 16-bits X-register, Y-register and Z-register.
registers or between a constant and a register. Single reg-
ister operations are also executed in the ALU. Figure 4
shows the AT90S2313 AVR Enhanced RISC microcontrol-
ler architecture.
ory addressing modes can be used on the register file as
well. This is enabled by the fact that the register file is
assigned the 32 lowermost Data Space addresses ($00 -
$1F), allowing them to be accessed as though they were
ordinary memory locations.
peripheral functions as Control Registers, Timer/Counters,
A/D-converters, and other I/O functions. The I/O memory
following those of the register file, $20 - $5F.
ries and buses for program and data. The program memory
is accessed with a two stage pipeline. While one instruction
is being executed, the next instruction is pre-fetched from
the program memory. This concept enables instructions to
be executed in every clock cycle. The program memory is
In-system Programmable Flash memory.
address space is directly accessed. Most
address contains a 16- or 32-bit instruction.
program counter (PC) is stored on the stack. The stack is
effectively allocated in the general data SRAM, and conse-
quently the stack size is only limited by the total SRAM size
and the usage of the SRAM. All user programs must initial-
ize the SP in the reset routine (before subroutines or inter-
rupts are executed). The 8-bit stack pointer SP is read/write
accessible in the I/O space.
can be easily accessed through the five different address-
ing modes supported in the AVR architecture.
and regular memory maps.


text:
1 - 10 of 10 Results
…Hotel in Auckland is located in the heart of downtown Auckland, and is the latest addition to the CPG Hotels family. With 117 rooms, they offer studios, 1 & 2 bedroom suites and 2-bedroom family units and apartments. Located just a short walk from many of Auckland's leading attractions including…
accommodation » hotels
…accommodation in Pukekohe, from studios to one and two-bedroom suites. Within walking distance to Pukekohe centre, and easy drive to attractions in Auckland. Ideal Pukekohe motel accommodation. This award-winning, motel provides superb accommodation ideal for business or leisure, whether travelling…
accommodation » motels and motor lodges
…in the heart of Auckland's most vibrant central district. Stunning harbour views and carefully curated furnishings. Our self-contained suites offer the perfect sanctuary in the city whilst still being an easy walking distance to some of Auckland's best eateries, shops and attractions. Ponsonby Road…
accommodation » backpacker and budget
…of an 1850s settlement. This living museum & souvenir shop is on a five-acre site, and includes 30 buildings set up to show life as it was in early Auckland. Wander at your own pace, chat to our costumed staff, and savour the home cooked food at the Homestead Cafe. Open Tuesday-Sunday 10am–5pm.
attractions and activities » family fun and activities » educational and history fun
…holiday home on our 1500 acre working dairy farm. Relax on the deck while enjoying the tranquillity of rural farmstay accommodation. Guests can visit the milking shed and participate in calf feeding (July - October). Close to many beautiful local attractions, and suitable for up to 6 people.
accommodation » farmstays
Hunua Falls is one of the most popular spots for walkers in the bush-clad Hunua Ranges in Auckland's east. This walk is a great way to see the Hunua Falls from all angles and enjoy the surrounding forest. It climbs from the Wairoa River below the Falls through beautiful lush forest, along a shady…
attractions and activities » free visitor attractions
13 Jan - 27 Feb 05 Openair Cinema operated the first big screen open air cinema event in New Zealand. And now, for the first time, you can experience the giant screen at Onetangi Road Vineyard on Waiheke Island, as well as the Auckland Viaduct Harbour.
attractions and activities » entertainment
…unique double decker city sightseeing tours in Auckland and Christchurch! Our friendly guides provide an entertaining and informative 'live' commentary throughout your journey. Learn about the history of these cities and visit all the 'must see' attractions. Enjoy incredible views from the top deck…
tours » city day tours
…Raft grade three to five rivers, including the world's highest commercially rafted waterfall. Also try our sledging river-run on the Kaituna River. Three hours from Auckland and Waitomo. One hour from Tauranga and Taupo. Visit our website for pictures, information, maps, or to make bookings.
attractions and activities » adventure » rafting » whitewater rafting
Imagine... an environment where it is all about you. A curated collection of facials, massage, day spa packages, manicures & pedicures, waxing and beauty treatments. A sensory journey created to give you back what life takes out of you. Affordable luxury. Relax, you've come to the right place. 11…
attractions and activities » tourist shopping and souvenirs » online shopping


text:
The Sound of Jazz Drumming – Creativity and development in melodic phrasing
Released 10th of October 2018 – click here to get it
The Sound of Jazz Drumming is a drum book tailored for students of Jazz drumming.
The aim of this book is to encourage and inspire drummers to dig deeper into what they are playing or exploring at any moment during their practise sessions.
The book provides 100 examples, based on 10 Jazz standards, about how to be creative with melodic phrases – such as the two-bar opening melodic phrase of "I'll Be Seeing You" .
Subjects covered in the book:
- Technical exercises for intermediate to advanced level, including single stroke and double strokes and combinations of these.
- Illustrations of detailed explanation of how to develop the Push-Pull technique with specific exercises.
- Triplet sticking patterns (exclusive paradiddle variations, with emphasis on phrasing) to develop fluidity and control.
- Coordination patterns and specific practise method to develop fluidity within straight 8's with emphasis on the ECM drum sound made famous by Jon Christensen.
- Templates to incentivise the reader to create their own patterns and exercises.
- Exercises to develop setups when playing in larger ensembles e.g. Big Band.
- Two phenomenal solo transcriptions by Jeff "Tain" Watts, and Frankie Dunlop – with info on how to take things to the next level including examples of how to develop your own vocabulary for your drum solos.
- Exploration and application of quintuplets and septuplets in the context of the Swing/triplet feel.
- Comes with downloadable Mp3 files recorded by the author of selected examples in the book.
- … and a full page of recommended listening.
Sophisticated technical exercises along with illustrations of the grip and 'push-pull' technique that enables players to facilitate clean and strong double strokes.
A total of 100 examples of creative suggestions to be creative with a two bar melodic phrase.
Exercises to strengthen coordination within the straight 8's feel and much more ….
"Daniel has concisely synthesized technical aspects of drumming with musicality and improvisation. If this were the only drum book on the market, there's enough guidance here to help any serious student advance significantly. And the inspired inclusion of a transcription of master soloist Frankie Dunlop is a great bonus. Highly recommended."
– Jeff Williams (Professor at Royal Academy of Music in London, student of Alan Dawson and worked with Paul Bley, Dave Liebman, Milt Hinton, Joe Farrell, Richie Beirach, Michel Petrucciani, Randy Brecker, John Scofield, Stan Getz, Joe Lovano et al.)
Max Roach Solo book
This inspiring book consists of 40 pages of famous Max Roach solos. Order online via the link below.
Limited amount available! Visit www.maxroachsolos.com
"Daniel Israelsen's transcription book on Max Roach is a must have for every Drummer. Great notation combined with great stickings gives you a tool not to miss as a student of being the next Drummer in demand!"
– Anders Mogensen (Tim Berne, Jerry Bergonzi, Marc Johnson, Steve Swallow, Bob Berg, Michael Formanek, et al., associate Professor at Carl Nielsen Academy of Music, Odense, Denmark)
Max Roach Drum Solo Facebook page
Here is a list of the 15 transcribed drum solos included in the book:
Blues Waltz
The Scene is Clean
Just One of Those Things
Blues Walk
Sweet Clifford
Gertrude's Bounce
Parisian Thoroughfare
I Get A Kick Out of You
I Get A Kick Out of You (Alternate Take)
I'll Remember April (Take 3)
Valse Hot
Flossie Lou
Flossie Lou (Alternate take 2)
Flossie Lou (Alternate take 1)
Love Is A Many Splendored Thing.
The book has been reviewed and recommended by renown Jazz drummers Anders Mogensen, Ralph Salmins, Trevor Tomkins and Michael Skinner.
"First of all, I never strive for identity. That's something that just has happened automatically as a result, I think, of just putting things together, tearing things apart and putting it together my own way, and somehow I guess the individual comes through eventually."
– Bill Evans


text:
Regular price
REACH FOR ANGELITE TO AID IN: Spiritual awareness, calm, communication, self-expression.
PROPERTIES: Connects you with your guiding figures and aids in embracing the better version of yourself. Angelite will guide you through self-expression while providing you with protection all along. It also transforms unserving feelings of fear and anxiety into the serving sense of hope and belief.
CHAKRA: Throat, Third Eye, Crown.
GREAT FOR: Aquarius ♒
GEOLOGY: As a variety of Anhydrite, Angelite forms in spots where gypsum stones made contact with water. Once the water evaporated, Angelite crystals (or Blue Anhydrite crystals) were left. It is rare to find in distinct crystal forms but rather chunks.
BORN IN: Worldwide, but mainly Mexico, Peru, Egypt, Germany, Libya.


text:
|Proboscis Monkeys
This weekend I had visitors from Germany here in Kota Kinabalu who wanted to explore Sabah for a few days. Of course we wanted to do something exciting and "Bornean" together. Since we did not have much time, we decided to try a one-day trip to Garama Village in the southwest of Sabah, where we would be able to spot the famous Proboscis "Long-Nosed" Monkeys as well as fireflies during a river cruise along Garama River.
We were picked up in Kota Kinabalu by a tour bus and drove down south for about two hours before reaching Garama Village. Before starting the river cruise, a little boat took us to a small restaurant where we had tea and local sweets – pisang goreng (fried bananas) and sticky rice with anchovies wrapped in banana leaves. After enjoying the quiet in the middle of nowhere, we started the river cruise in the late afternoon, because the Proboscis monkeys do not come out as long as it is still too hot.
|River Cruise along Garama River in Sabah, Malaysia
The area of Garama was named after a crab the locals call "garama" because there is a large amount of them living in the river serving as food for the local people.Within the village area, locals are still allowed to hunt for wild animals, but the killing of Proboscis monkeys is strictly prohibited. Borneo is the only place on earth where the Long-Nosed Monkey can still be found. When leaving the local area of Garama and entering governmental grounds, all surroundings are protected by law.
It did not take long until we were able to watch the first group of Proboscis in a tree at the riverside. There are three different types of groups.
|Female Proboscis with the pointed nose
The most common social group is a family with a few female proboscis being the boss and one male. You can distinguish male and female easily – females are smaller and have a pointed nose that is much tinier than the male's. A Proboscis female can get pregnant four times a year, but she will only stay with the same male for a limited amount of time before looking for another partner. The children stay with their mother for about two years. If a female really gets four babies a year, she will get quite busy having to take care of all the nestlings.
The second grouping is called the "Bachelor Group" as it consists of male proboscis that have been left by their female partners and could not find a new mate. And the last group would be the one of the outcast – males and females which cannot reproduce and are therefore unable to find a mate.
|Male Proboscis with the long flat nose
The first group we saw was a family with babies, later on we spotted a tree full of males who must have been bachelors. The Proboscis appeared to be rather slow-paced and very friendly. Since the male can reach up to 25kg, their movements are slow and relaxed. Even though we got quite close, they remained in their tree, feeding from its leaves. Proboscis have a mostly vegetarian diet and only very rarely consume insects. But they were definitely curious, watching us sitting in the boats and taking pictures of them. After a while, they left the tree and disappeared in the jungle.
On the way back to the river restaurant we were lucky enough to spot a few Silver Langours, dark-furred monkeys with a Mohawk haircut. But they were rather shy and tried to hied from us as our boat was approaching their tree.
Back at the restaurant we had a beautiful local dinner with rice, different kinds of vegetables, beef, chicken and fish as well as fruits for dessert. Now it was time to apply some mosquito repellent as it was getting darker.
|Garama River at dusk
After dinner we went back to our little boats back down the river Garama in order to look for fireflies. I learned that there are about 1900 different species of fireflies around the world, each living in different surroundings and different kinds of trees. The fireflies in Garama are very small and thus produce a lot of blinking so that the trees in which they live look like Christmas trees. Unfortunately the trees were just changing leaves so that there were not as many fireflies, but we could still see the trees glowing. It was very peaceful to watch the fireflies shining while sitting in the boats under a star-bright sky in the quiet of the jungle.
|Water buffalo swimming in Garama River
On the way back to the base camp where our bus was waiting for us we were lucky and got so see water buffaloes swimming along Garama River. They were not wild though, but belonged to local farmers. It was still a very special sight in the darkness.
It was a beautiful day full of impressions and a lot of impact. Even though it was only a day's trip, we got to experience the real wildlife sensation while out in the jungle of southern Sabah. It was also a great opportunity to finally see the famous Proboscis Monkey, who has been voted the mascot for "Visit Malaysia 2014″.


text:
Focusing on the solutions rather than the technicalities, this webinar will provide members with a better understanding on how blockchain, distributed ledger technology and "smart contracts" will transform insurance in the future. Through use case examples, Willis Towers Watson's senior economist Magda Ramada Sarasola will highlight blockchain's potential impact on existing business models and practices, looking at specific operational, analytic and, ultimately, business-defining opportunities and threats it might bring. Magda will also look at distributed insurance use cases stemming from the blockchain native ecosystem and discuss autonomous risk sharing protocols and the feasibility of smart-contract-coded mutuals. She will also explain how, for insurers, blockchain is more relevant than other anticipated InsurTech developments due to its link to key global trends affecting the nature and business of risk.
- Magdalena Ramada Sarasola, Director - Senior Economist, Willis Towers Watson (USA)
Magda is Senior Economist at Willis Towers Watson's Research and Innovation Center with 20 years of experience in R&D and international consulting. Magda holds a PhD in Quantitative Economics and Finance and was the firm's Head of Research and Analytical Services. She currently focuses on strategic consulting for the Insurance Industry, especially around emerging markets, InsurTech and blockchain/distributed ledger technologies.
For more information about ICMIF webinars please contact email@example.com. If you would like to watch a recording of this webinar please complete the box above right with your details and we reply as soon as possible.


text:
Palestinians launch mass hunger strike against prison repression
12 April 2019
Israel has imposed measures intended to worsen conditions for detainees. Read more about Palestinians launch mass hunger strike against prison repression
Jump to navigation
12 April 2019
Israel has imposed measures intended to worsen conditions for detainees. Read more about Palestinians launch mass hunger strike against prison repression
22 January 2019
Prisoners warn they will resist Israeli violent crackdown. Read more about 100 Palestinian prisoners injured in Israeli attacks
18 April 2018
Palestinian Prisoners Day marked with continued defiance and protest in Israeli jails. Read more about Israeli threats fail to end detainees' boycott of military courts
7 March 2018
Birzeit University condemns "barbaric intrusion" on West Bank campus. Read more about Israelis disguised as journalists shoot, abduct Palestinian students
15 October 2012
The Israeli Prison Authority fails to block sparrows from entering Gilboa Prison square, reports Ameer Makhoul. Read more about Sparrows successfully break through Gilboa prison "bird checkpoints," writes Ameer Makhoul
4 April 2012
Palestinian leader Marwan Barghouti has been severely punished by Israel for launching a statement from his cell last week.Haifa-based human rights organization Adalah demands the closure of a wing in Nafha prison because the conditions endanger prisoners' health and constitute cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment. Read more about Marwan Barghouti placed in isolation in punishment for call for popular resistance
6 March 2012
The Israeli Prison Service has transferred about 80 political prisoners from Gilboa prison section 4 to Nafha prison in the Naqab located in the sotuh of Israel. The transfer follows a recent solidarity hunger strike undertaken by the prisoners. Addameer's Sahar Francis comments that the practice of transferring political prisoners is often used by Israel to repress organizing amongst Palestinian prisoners. Read more about Israel punishes hunger striking prisoners by transferring them to other end of country
15 November 2011
Activist Janan Abdu describes how Israeli prison authorities tried to break the spirits of political prisoners who recently went on hunger strike, including her husband Ameer Makhoul. Read more about Interview: Hunger strikes created "new sense of solidarity"
10 October 2011
While the hunger strike and actions of disobedience by Palestinian political prisoners held in Israeli jails is gaining momentum, the support for the prisoners is growing. Read more about Support for Palestinian political prisoners is gaining momentum


text:
Pacman and Ghost Cufflinks
You are looking at a pair of beautiful crafted Pacman (pac man) and Ghost heavy metal cufflinks.
Great gift for anyone that loves the movie. One of my favorite arcade games as I was growing up :)
You can mix and match these cufflinks.
Material: heavy steel metal
The pacman and ghost are 1 inch in size. Comes with a nice black velvet pouch!
Let me know if you have any questions. Thank you!


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This detached hillside villa in Mojacar Playa boasts stunning sea views and a small, private pool. This attractive and move in ready villa is south facing and located on the hillside of the popular Indalo Mountain. The house has a built surface of 251 square meters on a sloping terrain of 368 square meters. The house has three spacious bedrooms and three bathrooms. Located within Mojacar Playa, the villa has access to all of the beautiful beaches of this typical Spanish Seaside resort.
The Villa
This spacious villa is in excellent condition and comprises three levels that are connected with a staircase. On the street level you will find the garage with automatic door and the exterior staircase that leads to both the first and second floor.
On the first floor you find all the bedrooms. The master bedroom has large fitted wardrobes, a private bathroom and access to a large sea facing terrace. On the same floor are a full bathroom and two double bedrooms. One of the double bedrooms also has an en suite bathroom. From this floor, an interior staircase leads to the top floor.
The top floor comprises all the living areas and a cloakroom. There is a spacious fitted, open plan kitchen with breakfast bar that connects to a light and bright living room. The living room and its front terrace overlooks the mediterranean. The room has a wonderful domed ceiling and a fireplace with wood burner.
This villa has various covered and sun terraces. The pool area on the first floor has a covered terrace and a lounge area. The terrace in front of the master bedroom on the first floor has beautiful sea views. These views are even more impressive from the terraces on either side of the top floor.
Next to the kitchen on the second floor is a barbecue terrace.
Water, electricity and gas
The villa has mains water and electricity. There is oil central heating.
Condition and finishing
The house is in a very good condition and ready to move in. The carpentry of the doors and wardrobes is of a fine quality. There is a central heating in all rooms. There is an alarm system, landline telephone, internet and sky TV.
Use and potential uses
This villa is ideal for those looking for a permanent family home in a residential area, just 5 minutes from the beach. It is also a fantastic holiday home as the property requires little maintenance and is easily locked up. Please keep in mind that the property is in an elevated position and has staircases.
The Location
Access to the property is from a public, asphalted road to the private parking area in front of the garage.
The lovely old white town of Mojacar is at 5 km from the villa. Here you find the weekly market on Wednesdays, bars, restaurants, primary school and the municipal pool. Along the seaside boulevard of Mojacar Playa, there is huge variety of international and traditional Spanish restaurants, boutiques, bars, cafes, beach bars and ice cream parlours. There are banks, private and public doctor's practices, dental clinics and a high school.
There are beautiful sandy Blue flag beaches and there are two 18 hole golf courses within 10 minutes' drive.
The fishing port of Garrucha is at 6,5 km. Here is a weekly market on Friday that runs through its narrow streets, supermarkets, restaurants, bars and schools.
Mojacar has over 310 days of sunshine a year and has over 20km of beaches consisting of both rocky coves and sandy beaches. Temperatures during the day in winter tend to be around 16-22 degrees and in summer 28-32 degrees.
The closest airport is Almeria about 45 minutes away, while the international airport of Murcia (140 km) is at one and a half hour and Alicante airport (200 km) is a two hour drive away. The airport of Malaga is at two and a half hours.


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Subseries warning: This article or section contains information on a subseries within the Legend of Zelda series and should be considered part of its own separate canon.
Guardian Naginata is Impa's Level 2 Naginata in Hyrule Warriors. It is described as a naginata enchanted with a Fire Elemental Attribute, that has been handed down in the Sheikah tribe for generations.
Subseries warning: Subseries information ends here.
See also
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Factors to Consider when Buying Bridesmaid Dresses
Finding the right bridesmaid dresses is not an easy task. You will find it difficult to choose the best bridesmaid dresses when they members to the party are from various locations. There are high chances that when you consider the advices of people who are experienced, you will obtain the right bridesmaid dresses. The advice that people who have experience offer will be helpful in choosing the best bridesmaid dresses in less time.It will be good to do research online so that to find the right bridesmaid dresses. The following are also essential factors that will help you buy the best bridesmaid dresses.
When looking for a bridesmaid dress, you need to look at your budget. You need to note that quality bridesmaid dresses are expensive to purchase. You will have an assurance of buying the best bridesmaid dresses by having a budget which is good. It is vital to note that the bridesmaid dresses available in the market do not cost the same prices. You need to compare the prices of various bridesmaid dress so that to find those that are relatively cheap. Buying bridesmaid dresses that are cheaper will help to save the money you have. You should be aware that you need to find those bridesmaid dresses which are quality so that to make the wedding experience good.
In order to have the assurance of good bridesmaid dresses, it will be good to consider the style these bridesmaid dresses have. You need to be aware that when the body size and shape of the bridesmaid dress are considered, you will realize that they are not same. There are high chances that you will find the right bridesmaid dresses that are flattering and affordable by seeking the advice of the bridesmaid. The kind of bridesmaid dresses that will be suitable for the various body types are the mix and match. It will be good to put into consideration the materials and colors of the bridesmaid dresses before you buy them. You will have an assurance of the right bridesmaid dresses when you consider the mix and match type.
It will be good before buying the bridesmaid dresses that are good to consider the wedding theme. It is with the help of wedding theme that the buying of the best bridesmaid dresses will be made simple. The theme of your wedding will determine the color and pattern of the bridesmaid dress to purchase. A person should seek advice from the bridesmaid when buying the dresses, because they will be helpful in making a wedding look good. A person will successful find those bridesmaid dresses that complement the theme of the wedding by research.
The important factor that will help you to find the right bridesmaid dresses is their measurements.
What Has Changed Recently With Fashions?


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Free Printable Calendar July 2018
This Printable Calendar for July 2018 Free is currently available as editable excel template. Enjoy this Free Printable Calendar July 2018 Template Microsoft Word / Excel daily Free Printable Calendar July 2018 Pdf with our calendar personalize tool. This Microsoft Excel spreadsheet template Works using Google Sheets, Open Office Calc and also LibreOffice software.


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5 tips for maintaining a management system in your supply chain
Published: 9 Aug 2016
Steve Coles explains some of the skills professionals need to improve their management system and the supply chain in their organisation.
Quality World magazine
The leading independent magazine dedicated to quality. Find out how to subscribe, read a sample below, or access this month's issue online now if you're a member of the CQI or IRCA.


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BPFFC #02: One thing to look forward to
With a little bit (a lot) of delay, here's my February flash fiction for the Baked Potatoes Flash Fiction Challenge (BPFFC). I actually wrote it in February, I really did 😉 (Unlike the March and April flash fiction, where I sadly didn't meet the deadline… But they'll still be published here soon. )
The word for the month of February was fedora – Jack already posted his story here in March, because he's way more organised than I am 😉 And recently, Sarah has published her piece too. Enjoy!
"I don't want to do this anymore!" He ripped the fedora off his gel-slicked hair and tossed it onto the floor of the living room.
"Now, now." His mother stooped to pick up the hat and flicked some invisible specks of dust away. "This is surely no way to thank the Lord for the wonderful opportunity he has given you, is it, George?"
"No, mum. I'm sorry, mum." He bowed his head a little so she could place the fedora on it.
"There, there. That's my boy." She patted his cheek and used her plump body to manoeuvre her son out into the hallway. "Now off you go. And don't forget to tell Reverend Marshall that we'd be glad to have him over for dinner this Sunday!"
"Yes, mum." He stepped away from his mother's ample bosom and opened the door to step out into the bright winter day.
"Oh, wait a second!" His mother fumbled in her purse and grinned as she threw some coins into the metal box in her son's hands. "They'll be more generous when they see that their brothers and sisters have already contributed. We'll soon have that new bell tower erected, with the help of you and your friends and our Holy Father."
The coins rattled as George trembled. It was so cold and he'd rather be anywhere else than fulfilling his God-given duties. But at least, there was one thing to look forward to.
Warming up his hands in the hands of his best friend Jim and letting him breathe warm air onto his frozen fingertips before counting the coins.
When it all came down to putting a price on my belongings, I realised there was incredibly little of real value – value others could see and appreciate – in the things that were important to me.
What would anyone do with the chipped heart-shaped stone that my friend Veronica gave me when my boyfriend of seven years broke up with me?
Or the lamp which hadn't been illuminated with a light bulb for ages, because Michael was the only one to know where to get these special bulbs?
Or my dearest book, which had fallen into the bathtub when I had been soaking in the warm water after a far too long day? It was dry now, but creased and crinkled as the skin on my toes had been when I got out of that bath.
"You could at least take some of the things with you, you know?" My mum said. "I don't need all this space anyway."
"Yes," I replied, "but that's not the point. The less I leave behind, the easier it will be for you to move on."
These talks were, of course, not true. But I knew that leaving random stuff behind – stuff my family would investigate, ask friends about and find out the meaning they had for me – would make it infinitely harder for them to forget me. And taking anything else but money, my clothes, laptop and some of my jewellery with me would be outright stupid.
I would not need anything of Earthly value anymore. I would get so much more in return, if I could scrape the money for the journey together.
I scribbled numbers of varying values on little scraps of paper and pinned them to furniture, books, stacks of dishes and kitchen machinery.
They would wait for me with open arms and care for me in a way my family never could.
They would provide everything I was missing now.
A husband.
A religion.
Clara's Christmas Wish: Part 23
This story works like an Advent calendar – until the 24th of December, I will publish a part of this story each day. Please start your reading with Part 1.
The day of the 24th passed like any other day, only that the girls' mother was more stressed out than usual. She hated it when the shops closed for more than one day, especially since she had begun to dislike Christian holidays nearly eight years ago. A faint slur of curses would emanate from the kitchen for the next two days, finding fault with the quality of meat or the crispness of the vegetables. She hated the idea that people were feasting in every other house at the price of their meticulously counted money bills – because anyone knew that everything was more expensive just for the sake of the holidays.
Clara felt jubilant when she could finally put Marlene to bed, with the prospect of being able to wake her up a few hours later, to a silent house and burning candles. Clara lay down on her bed, too, just to rest her eyes for a few seconds…
Until she woke with a start.
So did Justin, a few streets away.
Clara's Christmas Wish: Part 12
This story works like an Advent calendar – until the 24th of December, I will publish a part of this story each day. Please start your reading with Part 1.
"Sure, kid, just go to the lady who sells the tickets and tell her I said to give you twenty-five for cleaning," the circus director announced and patted her on the shoulder, lifting his top hat with his other hand. "Good job, young lady!"
Clara was delighted that her plan had worked out so well. In fact, she was so happy she treated herself to a bus ride home. Her mother was furious when Clara returned. "I didn't raise you to become an ungrateful brat!" she spat. "Go to your room and don't come down again before you're ready to apologise!"
Her father just stood there, a worried look on his face. She left before her mother could force him with a stern glance to say the usual listless "do what your mother tells you".
Clara's Christmas Wish: Part 11
This story works like an Advent calendar – until the 24th of December, I will publish a part of this story each day. Please start your reading with Part 1.
It was still too early to go home after her dramatic exit, so Clara figured she could as well go to the circus to proffer her services. It was a long walk; Clara didn't dare to take the bus without having her ticket or any money on her. But it was okay – she still had some thinking to do.
When she walked into the fenced area where the circus resided, she knew exactly how to proceed. Without any further ado, she grabbed the nearest broom, strode up to the stands and started brushing the empty popcorn and peanut bags into a neat heap. Nobody seemed to notice or to care. When she was done after two hours, she walked up to the man in the red suit and bow tie and said: "My name is Clara Peterson and I've just cleaned the stands. Would you be so nice as to pay me for that? I can come back tomorrow after school."
Clara's Christmas Wish: Part 10
This story works like an Advent calendar – until the 24th of December, I will publish a part of this story each day. Please start your reading with Part 1.
It was hanging right there, at the bus stop. A sign saying that the circus visiting the town until the end of the year needed somebody to clean the circus ring after the audience left. Not the area in which the animals were performing their tricks but the stands where the people crumbled popcorn into the cracks between the seats and stuck their chewing gums to the floor. It wasn't a particularly compelling occupation – but it should earn Clara enough money to set her plan into action. And maybe the job would also provide her with important connections she would be able to benefit from later this month.
Clara's Christmas Wish: Part 9
This story works like an Advent calendar – until the 24th of December, I will publish a part of this story each day. Please start your reading with Part 1.
"Watch your tongue, young lady!" her mother scolded her. "And no, you're going to have to work this one out by yourself. If you want to give gifts on a meaningless holiday that really isn't about spending money, then you should start to earn your own money. You're sixteen after all," her mother clarified, still not bothering to look at her daughter.
"Thanks for being the worst mother on this planet!!" Clara kicked the dust bin as she left and slammed the kitchen door shut behind her.
She took her jacket and scarf off the hall stand and stormed out to get some fresh air. If she wanted to make her Christmas wish come true – and part of what Marlene wished for – she would have to manage doing it all by herself; so much was clear now. She wouldn't stop walking until she had found a solution.
And then she saw it.


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Grace Forde, MDNorth American Partners in Pain Management
Dr. Forde is Director of Neurological Services at North American Partners in Pain Management, Lake Success, New York. Previously Dr Forde was Director of the Headache Clinic at North Shore University Hospital, Syosset, New York. She is the current Secretary of the New York State Pain Society. As part of her research, she has conducted multiple clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of medications for the treatment of headache and various neuropathic pain syndromes. She has also published articles on neuropathic pain, myofacial pain syndrome and migraines. She has great interest in medicinal cannabis and has been doing a lot of work in this space.
- Events:
Pharmacologic Management of Pain: Expanding the Options, Improving Outcomes
- Title:
- Director of Neurological Services
- City/State:
- Lake Success, NY


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5955 Joyce Street, Vancouver Listing #: R2496174
Extra long flat rectangular lot (33'X132') in Prime Killarney. No easement nor right-of way. Very quite & beautiful section at Joyce/44th. Close to transit, park, shops, schools & restaurants. Selling at lot value but house is solid and livable. Suite downstairs with decent head room is currently unoccupied. This can be 1 bedroom+ den or 2 bedrooms mortgage helper. Seller is interested to rent back upstairs on month-to-month. Sunny West backyard, lots of street parking. (seller packing so you may see lots of boxes in photos). Offer, if any, to be presented at 6 pm on Sept 15 (Tuesday)
Taxes (2020): $5,002.13
- Clothes Dryer
- Drapes
- Window Coverings
- Refrigerator
- Storage Shed
- Stove
Site Influences
- Central Location
- Private Yard
- Recreation Nearby
- Shopping Nearby
Similar Listings
Listed By: Macdonald Realty Westmar
Disclaimer: The data relating to real estate on this web site comes in part from the MLS Reciprocity program of the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver or the Fraser Valley Real Estate Board. Real estate listings held by participating real estate firms are marked with the MLS Reciprocity logo and detailed information about the listing includes the name of the listing agent. This representation is based in whole or part on data generated by the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver or the Fraser Valley Real Estate Board which assumes no responsibility for its accuracy. The materials contained on this page may not be reproduced without the express written consent of the Real Estate Board of Greater Vancouver or the Fraser Valley Real Estate Board.


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Matador Charters Fishing Archives
underdog offshore fishing charter report 10417Added: Wednesday October 04th 2017
By: Matador Charters
Tags: Deep Drop Fishing |  Deep Sea Fishing |  Inshore Fishing |  Marlin Fishing |  North Carolina Fishing |  Ocean Fishing |  Striper Fishing
Overnight offshore fishing charter rudee inlet 102217Added: Sunday October 22nd 2017
By: Matador Charters
Heres this weeks fishing report from Rudee Inlet in Virginia Beach Virginia. This weekend we had gorgeous weather forecast and the satellite shot looked promising, so we took Underdog out for a 24 hour offshore overnight make up charter fishing trip. We left the Virginia Beach fishing center around lunchtime on Saturday headed for the Norfolk Canyon. We got there and based on slow fishing reports, we made a couple drops for swordfish, but no luck. As it became evening, we switched to trolling for tuna and caught a nice 78# yellowfin tuna on a spreader bar on the south wall of the canyon. It got dark shortly aster so we started drifting. Sharks were thick and we caught several hammerhead sharks up to 10 feet long and killed a nice 7 foot, 98 pound spinner shark for the grill....
Tags: Deep Drop Fishing |  Deep Sea Fishing |  Inshore Fishing |  Marlin Fishing |  North Carolina Fishing |  Ocean Fishing
|Main Blog Page
April 2019 - 1
November 2017 - 1
October 2017 - 2
September 2017 - 3
Virginia Beach Fishing Conditions +
+0.9 ft / hr
Fri 8:59 PM
+4.33 ft
Conditions: Overcast
Temp: 74.0 °F
Wind: from the North at 15.0 gusting to 28.8 MPH (13 gusting to 25 KT)
Humidity: 74% Dew Pt: 64.9 °F
Visibility: 10.00mi
Sunrise: 12:26 Sunset: 19:29


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At KHDG we like to surround ourselves with competent consultants who work the same way we do.
On our strata projects, Marion Hansell from Renovation Runners is an excellent partner. She arranges and project manages site works for strata clients who are refurbishing or need to
perform a fire upgrade.
Sydney architects ask us to consult on the joinery, furniture, colour and finishes design for their residential projects. We like their approach to solution-driven client-interactive architecture and the results we have achieved together are excellent.
We have strategic relationships with the major players in the Australian paint industry. We are asked to prepare colour consultations for clients they recommend directly, consult on new paint colour ranges and products, and provide them with market feedback, because of our constant exposure to the coal-face of colour.
Industry giants, like Boral, have engaged us to prepare colour schemes for their building products.


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We would like to give a huge thank you to the amazing group of volunteers from AmeriCorps who worked together at our Center on Saturday, July 30, as part of the 13th Annual Colorado Cares DayRSAPP Rocks Medicine Horse Project. A special thanks to Bill Parsons for arranging the work day of gathering up rocks on the property and building a retaining wall around the plantings and signage at our centers entry area.
Hats off to the folks at C.A.R.E. (Colorado and Restoration Experts) for providing a great barbecue lunch for everyone. It is amazing what can happen when a hard-working group of people gets together to make a difference in their community!
Lynne Howarth, Executive Director
Medicine Horse Center, Mancos


text: At MLN Lawn & Landscape, we are extremely proud of the work we do and the service level we provide or residential and commercial landscape customers. Please take some time to browse through our gallery. When you're ready to take your landscape to the next level, call us at (586) 557-3868 or use the form on this page.


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Biofuel not so efficient?
Harvesting biofuel may increase rather than offset carbon dioxide emissions, a study has revealed.
Researchers at Oregon State University (OSU) in the USA claim that biofuel production in west coast forests actually causes more carbon dioxide to be released than it saves.
The popular view of biofuel from forests as an energy efficient means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a flawed one, thinks Tara Hudiburg, a doctoral candidate at OSU and lead author of the study 'Regional carbon dioxide implications of forest bioenergy production'.
'[Biomass removal] releases more carbon emissions per unit of biomass harvested than if the biomass had just been left intact in the forest,' she says. 'Wood energy is not as efficient as fossil fuel energy and even after you account for the displaced emissions associated with fossil fuel extraction and refining, wood still does not do better than the current system.'
Hudiburg's team conducted lifecycle assessments on a wide variety of forests in the west coast states, including private, public, old, young, arid, wet, hardwood and softwood.
'We tried to incorporate everything we could imagine would produce or save emissions in this lifecycle assessment. In doing so we realised that an interdisciplinary team of scientists would have made the study even more comprehensive.'
Removing wood from forests for biomass has an impact on forest management techniques, says Hudiburg. Her team found current forest management approaches complement natural forest growth, and help ensure the forest acts as a carbon sink. Increasing the harvest of biomass weakens this sink, she says, as it reduces the net carbon uptake, which equates to an increase in emissions.
'Currently, most of the time, non-merchantable wood is left to decompose in the forest,' she says. 'This still releases carbon emissions, but slowly. Burning it for energy is an immediate release of CO2.' Often forest management consists of thinning forests to make it easier to deal with fires and insect problems, a process that produces biomass that is burned for energy, as part of what is believed to be an emission reduction strategy. 'It is suggested that the thinning [should] be increased and cover more areas. We tested whether this will actually reduce emissions and found that for most forests in our region it does not. This does not mean that thinning for habitat restoration or fire management should stop. It just means that it should not be a carbon emission reduction strategy.'
Wood is considered a renewable energy source, but Hudiburg warns of confusing renewable with green or carbon-neutral energy. 'Energy needs to be decarbonised. Wood is a carbon-based energy source just like fossil fuel. It is renewable because it grows back under sustainable management practices. But this does not mean it is carbon neutral. Some of the biomass removed takes hundreds of years to grow back, while some only takes a couple of decades. The timescale for climate change and policy to reduce emissions is shorter than this.'
She adds that we should be wary of rushing through seemingly green policies without fully considering their implications.
'We cannot assume substituting fossil fuels with any kind of energy will be a viable emissions reduction strategy without doing a full carbon account. Also, the accounting has to include the baseline forest carbon uptake or it does not truly measure the impact of a new management strategy.'
With sustainability being such a pressing issue, Hudiburg highlighted the danger of basing policy on theories that we want to be true without subjecting them to the proper scientific rigour first. 'We want an answer and everyone wants good news. We also don't really want to reduce consumption so we are searching for energy that will allow us to maintain our current usage. Unfortunately, wood is not the ideal solution.'


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"Thank you for visiting Mound View! We loved your "Super Friend" message
and your drawings were amazing!"
- Mound View School
Get The Assembly Program that Entertains & Inspires Your Students!
Choose from 3 Fun Programs:
1. Be A Super Hero (Be A Super Friend, Not A Bully)
2. Read and Feed Your Imagination (Read Every Day)
3. Express Yourself (Be Creative, Make Positive Choices)
Now Booking Live Video Drawing Programs!
Paul Virtually Visits Your School!
Contact Paul for your event!
"Paul did a fabulous job with his message of respect and diversity."
- Johnson Childhood Center
"Great presentation!"
- Our Lady of Calvary School
"His drawings were excellent!"
- Hebron Elementary School
"He really understands his audience and how to inspire them."
- Prairie Lane School
"Fun show!"
- St. Teresa's School
"Paul did an outstanding job. The kids really enjoyed his performance."
- Spring Valley School
"Paul engaged the students from start to finish. His message was perfect."
- Summit Arts Academy
"This was an excellent program and enjoyed by all!"
- Lafayette School
"Great drawings and terrific message!"
- Roseville School
For Rates & Dates:
"Cartoonist Paul Merklein entertained Liberty students recently with a demonstration of drawing and a message of how to be a Super Hero in the school community. Besides drawing famous Super Heroes, Merklein addressed the issue of bullying and how students can be Super Heroes themselves by standing up for those who are victims of bullying or need a friend. The assembly engaged students and was well received across the grade levels. Merklein gave his drawings to be displayed at the school to remind students to stand up for what is right.
Many thanks for an outstanding assembly!"
- Liberty School
Wisconsin school assembly performer, Illinois school assemblies, elementary school assembly programs


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The Emergent Brain
- When:
- Tuesday, March 27, 2018, 11:00am - 12:00pm PDTiCal
- Where:
- 6th floor conference room
This event is open to the public.
- Type:
- AI Seminar - Interview talk
- Speaker:
- Keith Burghardt, UC Davis
- Video:
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7GlAwHcVzI
- Description:
How do groups "think"? For example, previous work has found that, in controlled settings, group intelligence is not strongly correlated with any individual's intelligence, and that crowds can make better decisions than individuals. An ongoing problem, however, is determining what are the root causes of these differences between group intelligence and individual intelligence, as well as the robustness of these findings in real-world systems. For example, individuals influence each other, and conflicting research suggests that this may help or hurt crowd wisdom; furthermore, we are only just beginning to understand the influence mechanism. My work helps elucidate these issues through models of large datasets, colloquially known as Big Data, which tease out the factors that affect crowd wisdom, including idea visibility and perceived popularity. Furthermore, I create natural and controlled experiments using these datasets to determine what cognitive mechanisms limit or enhance crowd wisdom. In the future, we will be using simple algorithms to reduce the effect of these mechanisms as well as using these cognitive mechanisms to encourage the spread of high-quality ideas, or even reduce the impact of false information.
Keith Burghardt is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California at Davis who specializes in applying tools from physics and computer science to better understand emergent phenomena due to human interactions. He holds a Bachelor of Science and a Doctor of Philosophy in Physics from the University of Maryland in College Park. His work has received accolades including an Information Sciences Institute Director's Intern Award, a Conference on Complex Systems Starred Paper Award and his most recent paper received mention in 2017 by the MIT Technology Review as one of the best papers posted that week on arXiv.


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Home > Back to Search Results > Perhaps our best 'War Of The Worlds' report...
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Perhaps our best 'War Of The Worlds' report...
Item # 662500
October 31, 1938
SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE, Oct. 31, 1938 Perhaps the best issue we've offered on the famous radio broadcast of the "War of the Words" delivered by Orson Wells, thought by thousands to be real.
The banner headline above the masthead: "PANIC SWEEPS U.S. AS RADIO STAGES MARS RAID" with a subhead: "Dramatized War Believed Real by Thousands". The report carries over to page 2.
Complete in 22 pages, some repair work to the upper right of the front leaf because of prior loss, two red stamp at upper right as well. Small binding holes at the blank spine margin.
Category: The 20th Century