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"Quality Digest" is a trademark owned by Quality Circle Institute, Inc.
Published: 09/21/2009
If you have been following my articles over the last few months, you have seen that even though statistical process control (SPC) charts are very powerful tools for examining a process, it turns out that there are a lot of ways to mess up SPC. This month, I am going to finish up with a few more things to watch out for as you use them, so you never have to ask, "Why doesn't SPC work here?"
No, I am not interested in if you are working out. The basis for using control charts to help you make economical decisions comes from assumptions about the type and shape of the distribution you are dealing with. If a process is out of control, it is by definition not coming from a single distribution, so the distributional assumptions cannot be met. This does NOT mean that the control chart is useless—in fact, you use those distributional assumptions to help you identify what was unexpected so that you can spend time investigating those particular events that were unusual to the underlying process and to identify, and then eliminate, what caused them.
If you have a defect-count type chart (c chart or u chart), then to be in control, your data must be distributed as the Poisson would predict—otherwise the control limits defining when you react (and when you don't) and any statements about the future defect rate you might make for the process will be bogus. (There is no requirement that defect data be distributed as the Poisson, so make sure to check.) Similarly if you have defective data (pass/fail) you must have a Bernoulli process (which must follow the binomial distribution) to be in control. If you are out of control, one or more of the requirements for a Bernoulli process have been violated and you need to investigate to see what happened.
The default limits and rules for all of the charts used for continuous data charts assume a normal distribution. Now for many processes, the normal distribution is not the "correct" or even desired output for a process. But what we are trying to use the control chart for is to tell us when we should spend the money to react and when to leave the process alone, and for that we can use the normal distribution on the averages.
For example, if I am filling cereal boxes, I want a distribution to get as many boxes as possible to meet the "Net Wt." printed on the box without going under. The ideal shape for this is not going to be a normal distribution. Here are two histograms plotted on the same axis showing how I could achieve this with the same process standard deviation of one.
So if I am filling cereal boxes, a normal curve is going to cost me a lot of money since I am giving away a lot of free cereal. (By the way, I could make it worse by insisting that the cereal-filling process be "six sigma" in which case I would have to move the mean to 16.5. Yet another reason why the "sigma" index drives bad behavior.
For the x-bar type charts, we have the Central Limit Theorem working for us—as the sample size gets bigger, regardless of the shape of the underlying distribution, the shape of the distribution of the sample averages tends to become more normal, so the limits and rules for the x-bar charts become applicable if the sample size is large enough. How large is "large enough"? Well, for a slightly skewed distribution, n = 5 may be all right, for a more skewed distribution, n = 8 might be enough. The worst case is an exponential distribution—its sample averages should be normal if you take 25 samples.
Once the distribution of the averages of the samples are normally distributed, the control chart will correctly identify the economical points at which to react and not react to variation in the process. So you don't need normally distributed data to use a control chart to identify and eliminate unusual sources of variation in the process, if you have an adequate sample size. We are still going to have to deal with that non-normality though—more on that in a second.
To monitor our cereal-filling process for control, I can take a sample of 25 consecutive boxes and calculate the limits the usual way based on the average standard deviation within the sample. The control chart of the means will look like this:
(Note that the default calculations for the standard-deviation-chart limits assume normality of the individuals, so the default limits will be wrong on that chart. There is a way to handle this that is outside the scope of what I want to say today.) Using the usual control violation rules, I can use this chart of the means, with its limits based on the normal distribution, to detect unusual variation in the process and react to eliminate it.
So what happens with a process that is in control, doesn't produce normally distributed data, and is tracked on an individuals and moving range chart? (I would choose an individuals chart if the measurements were expensive or there were no rational subgroups, for example.) We don't have the Central Limit Theorem on our side, but do we even need to deal with it? Well, we know for sure that the default limits will have us spending money to react when we don't need to, and will have us losing money, missing things that were real process shifts.
Remember our perfectly-in-control cereal-filling process? Here is what the same data looks like on an individuals chart:
All those red dots are times that I would be reacting to the process when I should just be leaving it alone. (Since we have all 1,000 data points, we expect to see more false signals than with the previous chart, but this is crazy.) Recall what W. Edwards Deming told us about tweaking a process that is in control? It counts for non-normally distributed processes, too. This would waste time, money, effort, and sanity, and tweaking will also increase the variability of the process.
In the bad old days of hand calculation, we would have a long slog of work ahead of us to get limits and rules that made sense, or we might have been tempted to just say, "Oh well, it's close enough (and worth it to me not to have to do those calculations)." Thankfully, we live in the days where computers have chips, not tubes, and a portable computer means you can carry it in your pocket and not a flatbed truck. Nowadays, tiny computers do that type of calculation really, really fast, so we can get the right answer with no pain.
So within a few seconds and clicks, I generated this individuals chart:
We still see some red dots, which we know are false signals (alpha errors) due to the 1,000 data points, but we see a lot fewer than with the default limits based on a normal distribution. That translates into less money and frustration.
Remember when I said that even if we are using the x-bar charts, we still have to deal with the non-normality?
This is really important—you still must test the distribution of the individuals for shape if you are calculating the capability of the process to meet spec, regardless of which type of continuous data control chart you are using. If you don't, and if you then calculate an estimate of the population standard deviation from, say, the average range, this number is not going to tell you about how much stuff is going to be in spec or the relative losses of the process. And wrongly predicting this stuff is what we call in the business, "bad." (Interestingly, in this case, the loss per unit is about the same calculated assuming normality and summed using the actual data. More on this another time.)
So the exponential distribution saves us a lot of money, and treating it as such I get the correct prediction of how much will fall below specification.
I really am sorry—I wish I could say that you don't have to worry about distribution shape in SPC, but as you can see you do in both SPC and in capability calculations.
What was that sound? Was that the whole argument about normality in SPC finally being dropped?
(Take a five minute break to laugh maniacally at this point while you wish it were so….)
Another way to make SPC useless is to not document and follow a reaction plan. This is a simple procedure that tells the people operating the equipment how they should react when the chart detects an out-of-control condition. As I have said before, SPC is a tool—but it changes nothing by itself. In the 1980s companies control charted everything that moved and some things that didn't, papered the walls of conference rooms with control charts, and wondered why nothing changed. Nothing will change unless you have a common way to react to the signals the control chart is giving you.
A reaction plan consists of three elements. Once you have detected an out-of-control signal, you first need to correct the process, which is usually an adjustment to get it back into control, and create a record of the adjustment and putative source cause. Adjust by how much is sometimes a nontrivial discussion, but once you find out how, you had better have everyone do it the same way.
Next, you have to determine if you need to contain the product since the previous sample might be at risk of being out of specification. (Hint: With a process that is in control with a Cpk of 4, you probably do not need to contain, with a process with a Cpk of 1.1, you probably do.)
Finally, you need some time away from the process to prevent the special cause from happening again. You cannot do this while running a process. (This is the mistake made in the 1980s—well, that and the haircut of the lead singer of Flock of Seagulls, but that's another story.) Time away from the process allows you to prioritize the special cause for elimination and work to that end.
A few other mistakes show up from time to time, so just be aware of them.
SPC is a powerful tool for diagnosing what is going on in your process. Its whole purpose in life is to signal you when an unexpected source of variability has infected your system, so that you can identify and eliminate that source. SPC also provides a heuristic for predicting the future performance of your process, which is why you must have statistical control before calculating your process' capability indexes. SPC is not, however, immune from the errors I have listed throughout this four-part series of articles. It is also not a strategy.
The answer to "Why doesn't SPC work?" is that, of course, it does. When it seems to not work is when the control chart is trying its hardest to scream at you that there is something going on in the process that is unexpected, or that your assumptions about the process are flawed, and that further investigation is needed. Developing your ability to listen to what SPC is telling you about your process, and appropriately reacting to that, is what makes the use of SPC so incredibly valuable to businesses and organizations.
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli_process
[2] /inside/quality-insider-column/why-doesn-t-spc-work-part-3.html


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Here i am, finally using Emacs for real to edit posts, thanks to weblogger.
Installing it cannot be easier: download the file, and its only dependency, xml-rpc. Put both of them in your load path, require
weblogger (e.g. using
M-x load-library and call
M-x weblogger-setup-weblog, providing the required information.
For instance, i've set up this blog using
https://emacs.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php for the 'end point'. You can add more than one account, which is kind of nice.
If you then invoke
M-x weblogger-fetch-entries, you'll be presented a collection of your posts, as if they were emails (which i like quite a bit), and there're are commands to browse and modify them, create new ones, save drafts and, of course, publish new entries. Just check the file header, or the menu, for a list of available commands.
There's also support for simple templates, and for editing your posts using nxml-mode.
The only capability i'm missing is setting categories in WordPress. Perhaps it's time to roll-up my sleeves! 🙂
Happy blogging!

subset: commoncrawl


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Gasgoo Site: menglicao.com
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Copyright Notice © 2020 menglicao.com Corporation and its licensors. All rights reserved.


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If you've seen our website then you know the story. If you're new to our blog and company, we'd love to tell you about how we got started.
Don Seaman started a small repair and installation business in 1961. He had one truck and a lot of heart. He grew the company with his associates and retired in 1988 and his son, Randy took over. Randy was no stranger to the business. As a teenager, he washed windows, filled freon drums and swept floors. Boiler cleaning was his specialty.
Like his father, Randy was also very determined. He attended Ferris State University and cultivated Seaman's into an award winning HVAC/R Company by joining national organizations and hiring honest, highly trained staff. Randy wanted to give Seaman's a professional, upscale look and go after larger clients. In 1995 Seaman's Mechanical expanded into a new, larger building on Oak Industrial Drive in Grand Rapids, MI. Randy continued to grow the business and began work with larger companies like Amway, Steelcase and American Seating.
His commitment to quality workmanship, ethics and the betterment of the HVAC industry awarded him ACCA Commercial Contractor of the Year consecutively in 2001and 2002. The Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) is the only nationwide organization of, by and for the small businesses that design, install and maintain indoor environmental systems.
For nine years running, Seaman's has been a recipient of West Michigan's 101 Best and Brightest Companies to Work For award for excellence in employee communication and community initiatives. In 2005 Randy's Alma mater presented him with the Distinguished Alumni Award.
"This award reflects the collective efforts of all Seaman's employees," Randy stated. Ferris State honors their alumni who demonstrate leadership and service to their profession, community, and service organizations
Randy continues to commit himself to the community and his associates. He believes he's only as strong as the team behind him.
The new blog of Seaman's Mechanical will feature regular updates on our staff, current projects, along with tips and tricks on the HVAC-R industry.


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syngo.CT DE Brain Hemorrhage
A primary task of cranial CT is to rule out hemorrhage, and this is why an unenhanced CT scan is usually obtained even in other clinical questions in which a contrast-enhanced scan is necessary, for example to rule out neoplasms.
With syngo.CT DE Brain Hemorrhage, a virtual non-contrast image can be generated from a contrast-enhanced dual energy scan.
Requerimientos Generales
Minimum Software Version
(one of following)
syngo.via VA11 or higher
syngo.via VA20B
(for Single Source Dual Energy)
Please Note: Additional technical pre-requisites may apply. Upon receiving your request, your local Siemens representative will clarify whether your system meets the requirements.


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The Groom's Hunt
"Tinu," a still-weakened voice called out, "I...I need you!"
Tinu covered her face once more as the tears flowed unceasingly down her pale cheeks.
Taking a breath, her voice cracked, "I cannot help you further. I cannot see your WIFE." Oh, how that word hurt her... "I betrayed my adopted sister that day, wished evil upon her. For all I know, I am the cause of your misery. I care not for her any longer. For Ages she has stolen those I have loved and dealt them heavy blows--from eternal heartache to their untimely deaths. I must find a place away from her, where she will never be welcome."
She looked at the hobbit, wishing she could do more to help him.
"I would do anything to help you... anything but this. I have done what I have come to do: to save you from harm. You now have the strength you need to finish YOUR task. You still have Anorast and Leslie, perhaps even others, as well as one of the Maiar."
Hobbituk's face wore a look of disbelief.
"Yes, Maelan, I believe he said his name was. He is here even now, watching us. With a Maia on your side, you do not need a sorrowful elf who would only get in the way of true love." It took her every ounce of restraint to avoid sobbing at the last two words. But she remained more composed than she had been in a while, the tears streaming silently without her wracking sobs.
Her heart was already home and she yearned to follow it there.


text: Charter Communications seems to be pulling some sort of crap with their DNS servers. While working on a new project our friend Billy Hoffman, discovered that Charter was reporting absolutely every domain as resolving. They do offer a solution by providing an opt-out cookie, which isn't useful at all if you're not using a web browser… and I'm guessing most of Charter's subscribers aren't looking for a bastardized version of the net. We've seen recently that messing with DNS like this can actually open up new security holes.


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Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory: Yep, still pretty good. Mel Stuart's 1971 musical adaptation of the Roald Dahl classic gets the Warner Bros. 1080p Blu-ray box set treatment for it's 40th Anniversary. For a full review of the DVD/Blu-ray set, hit the jump.
Obligatory Plot Synopsis: The well-heard tale of a poor boy (Peter Ostrum) living in the slums with his ma and grandparents, dreaming of making it big and discovering one of five gold tickets to the factory of an enigmatic chocolate entrepreneur – the eponymous Wonka. As this is a feature and not the most depressing twenty-minute short of all time, the young lad finds the ticket and journeys to the mysterious Wonka factory alongside four of the nastiest youngsters ever conceived. What follows is sort of like the children's version of Agatha Christie's And Then There Were None as each of the snot-nosed kids get their due in increasingly outlandish ways. A parable of the common man (or in this case – boy) rising above his poverty-stricken conditions and the greedy/gluttonous/privileged "1%" by just being good and wholesome. It's hard not to be what's-the-word… heart warmed by the whole ordeal.
Revisiting the film X number of years later and for the first time on Blu-ray, the color schematic of the film really does pop. Charlie's bright red sweater/scarf stands out in stark contrast to the subdued blues of the Bucket household. When the film gets to Wonka's factory*, colors become notably more lucid – Wonka's PURPPLE wardrobe, the garishly YELLOW/GREEN Oompa Loompa's faces, the GOLD eggs – whereas oddly enough Charlie's attire becomes a subdued blue. This can perhaps be thought as reflective of the aforementioned odd structure of the picture, wherein for the first half Charlie Bucket is for all purposes the lead/hero/protagonist but once the boy steps foot in Wonka's factory, he becomes little more than a glorified extra standing passively as Wonka says crazy gibberish and all the kids start dropping. From the second Wonka limps with cane outside his factory, the film changes from a Horatio Alger story to the weird tale of a lonely eccentric man searching in vain for a companion.
Paragraphs could be dedicated to just how good Gene Wilder and Jack Albertson (Grandpa Joe) are. Or how good the young cast is (Is it wrong that I kind of root for Veruca Salt in the flick?). Or the score and musical numbers by Anthony Newlie & Leslie Bricusse. Enough (deserved) praise has been given out to "Pure Imagination" or Sammy Davis's "Candy Man," but for me the true standout song will always be "Cheer Up Charlie." "Just be glad you're you" gets me every time.
All these years later, it's the little things in Willy Wonka that really stand out. The sly vignettes of various people scrambling in the search for Wonka's gold ticket – e.g. the Super Computer that refuses to give its maker the remaining tickets' locations because "that would be cheating", the wife who refuses to give in to her husband's kidnappers' demands for a box of Wonka bars, the increasingly depressed news anchor forced to report on the Wonka gold ticket findings… Other smaller details: the reveal at the end of Wonka's office being filled with literally half items – half a desk, half a clock, half a coat rack, half a statue… The setting revealing Wonka to be an almost tragic figure of success and loneliness not that far removed from the cinematic cornerstone of success + loneliness Orson Welles' Citizen Kane. Where's Willy Wonka's wife/girlfriend/family/loved-ones/friends/children? He doesn't have any. This is a man so alone the only way he can find a friend is through a silly competition. It's like Wonka himself says, "Where is the fancy bread – in the heart or in the head?"
The Blu-ray picture is presented 1080p/1.78:1 – and as previously mentioned the image really does look clear and precise – although sometimes to its own detriment. The green-screen work hasn't aged particularly well and the preciseness of the image does it no favors — in particular the Mike Teevee transferring himself to the small screen bit and the climax/flying elevator stuff all looks a bit shoddy to the modern eye. I'm still not quite sold on the chocolate rainfall/river. Everybody reacts like it's the most beautiful/amazing/stupefying wonder in the world – but to me, it just looks like a muddy, dirty, contaminated New Jersey river especially in 1080p. The sound work (in Dolby 5.1) seemed particularly clear on my speakers, with the lyrics to the musical numbers very easy to follow.
The film is presented with a number of special features, most of which are holdovers from the 2001 release: a commentary track with the cast of children now all grown up, sing-along Wonka songs, a documentary on the making of the film, a photo gallery and trailer. Two new featuretes are included with the box set: a more recent interview with director Mel Stuart, which pretty much just reiterates stuff he said in the previous making-of documentary and a more interesting 1971 behind-the-scenes puff piece, which features an all too brief interview with Roald Dahl (but hey, I'll take what I can get). The box set also comes with a book on the making of the film, production notes/letters and a tin can with pencils and a chocolate-scented eraser. All in all – a fairly comprehensive collection for the so inclined Wonka faithful out there.
*Which by the by, happens much later than I had remembered. My impression was that Wilder/Wonka's introduction happened at the end of the first act – but in reality he doesn't enter the film until the midpoint: about 50 or so minutes into the 100 minute run time.


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..:: Introduction ::..
With the recent launch of Intel's Clarkdale processor with Intel HD Graphics integrated into the package, Intel has provided an innovative solution for the needs of the budget end consumer, and the multimedia crowd. Thanks to the capable integrated graphics, Clarkdale offers an excellent solution for a home theater system, or any multimedia system for that matter. To harness the power of these new chips, Intel has developed their media series motherboards with the varying chipset options geared towards the Core i3 / i5 / i7 solutions. Today, we'll be taking a look at the DH55TC "Tom Cove" motherboard. This board offers a wealth of features, but with a market price in the $99 range, is it a better solution than competing boards? We'll take a look at the performance of three processors on the DH55TC platform, and examine other market options in a price / feature comparison to find out. Before we delve into the board, let's rewind back and take a quick look at the H55 Express features, and a quick refresher of Intel HD Graphics.
..:: H55 Express Chipset Features ::..
The Intel H55 Express Chipset has several features that are common amongst all of the i5 and i7 supporting chipsets. The H55 features the Direct Media Interface (DMI) between the processor and the PCH, as well as the Flexible Display Interface (FDI) for processors like the Core i5-661 The processor and FDI support both legacy analog VGA as well as all modern digital connections like HDMI and DVI. The H55 Express Chipset also adds support for an additional 6 PCI Express x1 (or other configuration like 3 x2, 1 x4 and 1 x2, etc.) lanes. It also supports Intel HD Audio, 6 Serial ATA ports, eSATA, a SPI bus for the Intel Management Engine, 10/100/1000 and/or GbE and the customary array of USB 2.0 ports. The block diagram above shows each of these in more detail.
..:: Intel HD Graphics Features ::..
With the new Intel HD Graphics enabled processors, we now have the graphics die on the processor package, greatly increasing the potential performance versus a discrete (G)MCH solution. The Intel HD Graphics solution is by no means meant for what we in the enthusiast community would call gaming. Sure it can handle many of the basics and older DX9 games, but anything beyond that and you'll be needing a discrete solution. What Intel HD Graphics is meant for is the average Joe looking for support of the Aero features of Windows Vista / 7, Blu-Ray playback support, HD streaming media and movies, etc.
In comparison to the prior GMA 4500 Series, the new Intel HD Graphics processors offer Blu-Ray playback with premium audio and dual decode functionality, Deep Color and x.v.Color, 8×8 polyphase DVD upscaling versus 6×6, HD video sharpness, dynamic frequency adjustment for mobile processors and OpenGL 2.1 support. These newly added features offer a substantial upgrade over what is currently offered in desktop and mobile (G)MCHs and over what you will find in Atom based solutions. Intel HD Graphics offers all features needed to create a true home theater or media PC. Now that we're familiar with the H55 Express and Intel HD Graphics, let's take a better look at the DH55TC.


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Jan. 27, 2012 -- Children with high levels of the heavy metal cadmium in their urine may be more likely to have learning disabilities and/or need special education, a new study shows.
Cadmium occurs naturally in some soils. Children are most likely to be exposed to it through food such as grains and root vegetables, as well as through tobacco smoke. Some children's toys and jewelry have also been found to contain cadmium.
Cadmium exposure can damage the kidney and lungs and has been linked to cancer. Studies on whether or not it affects learning and behavior among children have had mixed results.
In the new study of close to 2,200 children ages 6 to 15, those who had the highest levels of cadmium in their urine were more likely to have learning disabilities or need special education, compared to children with the lowest levels of this metal in their urine. The findings are based on parents' reports of their children's learning issues.
The new findings appear in Environmental Health Perspective.
But just because your child was exposed to cadmium does not mean he or she will develop a learning disability, says researcher Robert Wright, MD. He is a professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School in Boston. "It doesn't mean that if they get exposed to cadmium, something terrible will happen, but there were more learning disabilities and special education seen in kids who were exposed to cadmium than those who weren't," he says.
No Cadmium/ADHD Risk Seen
So what can concerned parents do to limit exposure to cadmium? This can be easier said than done, Wright says: "It is a little hard to figure out cadmium in food because it comes from soil, so it is based on where it is grown."
It's easier to avoid tobacco smoke.
As far as children's toys, "there is no added value to having cadmium in children's products, and this is evidence that is a dangerous practice. We need tighter regulations," he says.
Cadmium levels were not linked to risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the new study.
"This suggests that cadmium seems to affect [mental] issues such as learning disabilities and the need for special education, but not behavior," Wright says. ADHD is more of a behavioral disorder. It is marked by hyperactivity, trouble concentrating, and impulsivity.
More Study of Cadmium Risks Needed
Jerome Paulson, MD, says the new study adds to the evidence suggesting that cadmium may be dangerous to children. He is co-director of Mid-Atlantic Center for Children's Health and the Environment, and the medical director for national and global affairs of the Children's Health Advocacy Institute at the Children's National Medical Center in Washington, D.C.
"There are conflicting results in the literature as to whether or not cadmium exposure has a neurocognitive impact on children, and this relatively large study does seem to indicate an association," he says. That said, the researchers relied on parents' reports of the children's issues, which may not be 100% accurate.
Helen Binns, MD, MPH, says parents can only control the controllables. Cadmium does not seem to be one of them right now. She is a professor of pediatrics and preventive medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and director of the Lead Evaluation Clinic and the Nutrition Evaluation Clinic at Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago.
"We don't yet know where the exposures are coming from," she says. "We need more research related to what it is doing and where it is coming from."


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The lineup is set for next month's "UFC 157: Rousey vs. Carmouche" event with the placement of fights on pay-per-view, FX and Facebook.
The 12-fight event takes place Feb. 23 at Honda Center in Anaheim, Calif., and newly minted women's bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey (6-0 MMA, 0-0 UFC) meets Liz Carmouche (7-2 MMA, 0-0 UFC) in the headliner. It marks the first female bout, first women's title fight, and first all-female main event in UFC history.
The final spot on the PPV main card features veteran welterweights Josh Koscheck (17-6 MMA, 15-6 UFC) vs. Robbie Lawler (19-9 MMA, 4-3 UFC).
Prior to the night's main card, FX carries four prelims during a two-hour broadcast. The featured bout pits Brendan Schaub (8-3 MMA, 4-3 UFC) vs. fellow heavyweight Lavar Johnson (17-6 MMA, 2-1 UFC).
The full UFC 157 fight now card includes:
MAIN CARD (Pay-per-view, 10 p.m. ET)
- Champ Ronda Rousey vs. Liz Carmouche – for women's bantamweight title
- Dan Henderson vs. Lyoto Machida
- Urijah Faber vs. Ivan Menjivar
- Manny Gamburyan vs. Chad Mendes
- Josh Koscheck vs. Robbie Lawler
PRELIMINARY CARD (FX, 8 p.m. ET)
- Lavar Johnson vs. Brendan Schaub
- Mike Chiesa vs. Anton Kuivanen
- Court McGee vs. Josh Neer
- Caros Fodor vs. Sam Stout
PRELIMINARY CARD (Facebook, 6:30 p.m. ET)
- Dennis Bermudez vs. Matt Grice
- Brock Jardine vs. Kenny Robertson
- Neil Magny vs. Jon Manley
For more on UFC 157, stay tuned to the UFC Rumors section of the site.
(Pictured: Josh Koscheck)


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EU Mandatory Disclosure Rules - Q&A
The EU Directive on mandatory disclosure rules, formally known as Council Directive (EU) 2018/822 amending Directive 2011/16/EU as regards mandatory automatic exchange of information in the field of taxation in relation to reportable cross-border arrangements (the "Directive"), requires Member States to implement legislation that obliges intermediaries and taxpayers to report tax arrangements that meet certain "hallmarks". Information about these reportable tax arrangements that have been collected by a Member State will be automatically exchanged with other Member States that might have an interest in the arrangements.
The mandatory disclosure rules entered into force on 25 June 2018. Member States are required to implement national legislation that requires intermediaries and taxpayers to file information about reportable tax arrangements by 1 July 2020. The filing requirement has to commence from 31 August 2020, with the first automatic exchange taking place between Member States from 31 October 2020.
The Directive contains a catch-up provision aimed at cross-border arrangements the first step of which was implemented between the date of entry into force of the Directive (25 June 2018) and the date of its application (1 July 2020). Information about reportable arrangements entered into during this period would need to be filed, at the latest, by 31 August 2020. After the initial catch up phase, there is a general requirement for information to be filed within 30-days of an intermediary or a taxpayer coming into contact with a reportable arrangement. The action that may trigger this 30-day countdown is defined very broadly in the Directive - for example, an intermediary providing advice can trigger a reporting obligation (whether or not the advice is implemented).
Non-compliance with the Directive will very likely entail imposition of penalty, a matter which has been left to the discretion of the Member States. The Directive stipulates that the penalty shall be 'effective, proportionate and dissuasive.'
Tax arrangements involving a wide range of taxes are covered. The Directive brings into scope arrangements dealing with taxes of every kind, except VAT, Customs and Excise, and social security contributions.
However, only cross border arrangements that involve two or more countries and at least one of these countries is an EU Member State are covered by the rules.
Cross-border tax arrangements must also meet at least one of the "hallmarks" identified in the Directive to be reportable.
There are five categories of such "hallmarks" labelled generic hallmarks, specific hallmarks related to main benefit test, specific hallmarks related to cross-border transactions, specific hallmarks concerning automatic exchange of information and beneficial ownership and specific hallmarks concerning transfer pricing. Overall, there are 19 sub-categories of reportable "hallmarks" covering a wide range of tax arrangements. The reporting obligation is not limited to 'aggressive' tax schemes or deliberate tax avoidance, and could apply to standard transactions with no particular tax motive.
The Directive casts primary reporting obligation on the intermediaries involved in a reportable cross-border tax arrangement.
The term "intermediary" has been defined in the Directive to include "any person that knows or could be reasonably expected to know that they have undertaken to provide, directly or by means of other persons, aid, assistance or advice with respect to a reportable cross-border arrangement". This definition is very broad and brings into scope not only intermediaries directly concerned with the rendering of tax planning advice such as tax lawyers and advisers, but also other non-tax advisors who may be indirectly involved in a tax arrangement.
It is also important to note that for the reporting obligation to exist under the Directive, the intermediary must have an EU nexus. Such an EU nexus would exist where an intermediary is tax resident in a Member State, has a permanent establishment in a Member State through which the services with respect to the arrangement are provided, or is incorporated in or governed by the laws of a Member State, or where such intermediary is registered with a professional association related to legal, taxation or consultancy services in a Member State.
Member States are empowered to provide a waiver from the reporting obligation where the advice of an intermediary is protected by legal professional privilege.
When multiple intermediaries are involved in a reportable arrangement, the reporting obligation will fall on each of them to report information that is within its 'knowledge, possession or control.' However, it is sufficient for only one intermediary to disclose, provided the other intermediaries have proof that the same information has been filed by that intermediary. As a reporting intermediary, DLA Piper will be unable to coordinate our reporting obligation with other intermediaries outside DLA Piper. It is the responsibility of a client to coordinate all these intermediaries who are involved in a reportable tax arrangement.
Although the primary obligation under the Directive falls on the intermediaries, taxpayers may be required to comply with the reporting obligation if there is no reporting intermediary, or if the waiver for legal professional privilege applies to the intermediary. A taxpayer would not be required to report as long as there is at least one reporting intermediary.
Taxpayers who may have reporting obligations under the Directive are broadly defined as any person to whom a reportable cross-border arrangement is made available for implementation, or who is ready to implement a reportable cross-border arrangement or who has implemented the first step of such an arrangement.
There is no EU residence connection needed. Taxpayers who are not resident in any of the EU Member States may be required to report if they enter into cross-border tax arrangements that meet at least one of the "hallmarks".
The Directive does not contain any specific rules about information that has to be reported. It does, however, specify that Member States need to collect the following information for the purpose of exchanging with other Member States:


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The last question in this morning's reader mailbag left me thinking. Let me repeat Alan's question again, for all to read.
"I've been putting away the maximum amount I can for retirement for the last six years. I'm 29 and I already have almost twice my annual salary saved for retirement. Problem is I can't stop checking the balance and I constantly feel sick that everything is going to collapse and I'll lose everything."
My original response to Alan's question is that he was simply exhibiting a nervous tic that revolved having that much money in one place and that by loosening his grip on it a little (by making it a personal goal to check it less often), he could improve his peace of mind.
After reflecting on his question a bit more and reading a recent deluge of emails from other readers, I began to see a different concern in his question. Alan's worry may be less focused on the daily ups and downs of his account and perhaps more focused on the omnipresent worry that many people have regarding total economic collapse.
As I've stated many times on The Simple Dollar, I'm not really worried about an economic collapse. There are too many hard working, creative, entrepreneurial Americans out there to see the economy fall into complete shambles. Every day, I hear of another company with a great idea launching. This summer, I witnessed four different home service businesses opening up in my small town, along with several other businesses. I know people in basically every generation, from the Greatest Generation on down to the millennials, who have incredible work ethics and entrepreneurial drive.
The only time you'll find me worried about economic collapse is when all of those people stop working, and I haven't seen it.
Yes, there are people who don't want to work, but there have always been people who didn't want to work and have lived off of the work of others. Yes, there are unemployed people, but many of them either don't want to work and are happy barely scraping by or they've set their standards for employment unrealistically high.
I simply don't see economic collapse coming.
If you doubt me, how about The Economist? In this article, the author discusses what would have to happen to cause hyperinflation to occur in the United States.
To summarize, the only way this could happen is if one of the special interest groups were to accumulate enough power as to cause every other interest group to go bankrupt just to maintain their own wealth. Given the huge number of overlapping interest groups in this country, that's impossible, as we're all too paranoid about losing our piece:
"Hyperinflation is really, really, really unlikely to occur in America. We can talk about how American government is gridlocked and Congress is robbing future generations by accumulating massive debts, but the fact remains that the development of hyperinflation in America implies a breakdown in governance so complete that a single man or interest can drive everyone else to destitution in order to keep its share of the spoils from shrinking. This, in a country where the government freaked out about the deficit and almost instantly balanced the budget in the 1990s, in response to a 10-year Treasury rate just a shade above 7%, and in which the government is freaking out about the debt and actively reducing the deficit now despite a 10-year Treasury rate around 2%.)"
Still… let's say that it was coming. Let's say that, in 2014, we'll see 5,000% inflation. What would happen?
Here's a tip: your retirement balance would not be a major worry.
What I describe below comes from descriptions of the events in Chile in the early 1970s, Zimbabwe in the last decade, and the Weimar Republic in the 1920s. The pattern was the same in each situation.
One of the first things that would happen is that a black market would spring up in your neighborhood. If, suddenly, a loaf of bread cost $40 on the shelves while everyone's pay stayed the same, people will start trading for bread instead of buying it.
What will they trade for? A "currency" of some form will arise, but it's hard to say what it will be. It might be gold, but it could also be other items: skills, for instance, or the Chinese yuan or the Euro or some form of scrip. Different "currency" might be accepted in different areas. There would also be a barter economy of some kind.
While this is happening, the stock market and most other markets would completely collapse. Every investment house where your money is "safe" would either be in an incredible lockdown mode or be completely out of business.
In other words, if a true economic collapse happened, your retirement savings would likely completely vanish and, if they didn't, they would be drastically devalued in the short term.
What about the long term, though? In each of those examples, a "new normal" eventually arose after a few years. The companies that survived the collapse stuck around and picked up the pieces. Many of those companies saw thousand-fold increases in their stock value as a new stock market arose and people wanted in on those companies that made it. Lots of new companies would pop up to service people's needs. A government of some form would arise as it's in the best interest of all of these companies to have basic protections and a form of exchange.
If your investment house survived at all, your retirement would begin to rebound, in other words. Chilean blue chip companies – those that survived – rebounded a thousandfold in the 1970s after the hyperinflation. The same thing happened in Germany in the 1920s.
If you are truly worried about an economic collapse, the best things you can have are skills, food, land, tools with which to produce your own food, and perhaps a small amount of gold in your hand (though too much would make you a target). I'd put skills and tools at the top of this list, with land and food right behind them. A bit of gold would be nice in the short term, but I would be worried deeply about security if I had very much of it at all and I would have no guarantee that it would be an accepted currency in whatever black market would develop locally.
The best part? Skills, tools, and land are a good thing to have regardless of whether you fear an economic collapse or not. They make sense from a frugality perspective.
To put it all simply, Alan's constant refreshing of his retirement balance is completely useless if he's worried about economic collapse. The only situation where he should be hitting the refresh button is if he's worried about whether he's saving enough – and if that's the case, his focus should be on proactively increasing income or increasing savings, not on whether the market will save him.
My recipe for success is that, if you're worried about economic collapse, be frugal. Learn how to make things yourself and grow your own food. Learn how to fix things around your house. Build relationships with the people around you. This will help you survive whatever may come.
Of course, I'm doing that anyway and I'm not worried at all about economic collapse. It's just a good idea in any situation.


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If you bring your family to a Mexican restaurant in West Yorkshire, you might expect some horrible food. A receipt reading 'Thankyyou littell f*****'? Not so much.
Now, anyone who's waited table has had moments of thinking something along these lines. And when 2-year-old Molly's father claims to the infallible Daily Mail that the toddler was "a bit grumbly, a bit moany, but her behaviour certainly wasn't terrible" we can't help but want to hear the waiter's side of the story. Even so, writing this, spelling it in this fashion, and failing to erase it before handing it over - probably not a smart move for a restaurant's opening night. Especially a family restaurant with a designated children's section. Cactus Joe's agreed, and the manager responsible got the sack.
To add insult to injury, the family claims the food was bad. But we don't really sympathize on that head. Shockingly, the family refused the restaurant's offer of a free meal.
'Thanks, You Little F*****': Family Horrified After Restaurant Bill Makes Clear What Waiters Thought Of Molly, Two [Daily Mail]


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A collection of scholarly works about individual liberty and free markets. A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.
A Plea for Liberty: An Argument against Socialism and Socialistic Legislation, consisting of an Introduction by Herbert Spencer and Essays by Various Writers, edited by Thomas Mackay (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1891). https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/2226,
|Available in the following formats:
|Facsimile PDF
|This is a facsimile or image-based PDF made from scans of the original book.
This collection of essays was originally published in 1891 in response to a collection of Fabian Essays on Socialism which advocated policies which would eventually lead to the modern welfare state. The theoretical and empirical contributions are fine examples of the classical liberal tradition in British thought.
The text is in the public domain.
This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit.


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Choice Fabrics, Inc. is a wholesale fabric distributor. We sell fabrics only to verifiable businesses, retailers, wholesalers, manufacturers, and other distributors. Please review our New Account Policy.
How to Order
To place an order, please review the How to Order page for ordering options. If you would like to speak to a salesperson, or to ask questions about products or pricing, call our office and speak to Jim Singleton or our friendly Sales Department: ask for Cheree, Jody, Julia, or Regina. Our regular office hours are 7:30 am to 4:00 pm Monday thru Friday (Central Time Zone).


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This is an archive page. The links in this content are no longer being updated.
Rhonda Santos (508) 852-8044
Suzanne Bond (301) 734-5175
WASHINGTON, March 21, 2011 - The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) today announced a new educational curriculum designed to help the public detect any infestations of the invasive Asian longhorned beetle (ALB).
Beetle Busters is a real-world, fun, hands-on environmental science program allowing educators to bring local science right into their classrooms. Educators and students can take action together to help uncover any infestations of the ALB by recognizing the beetle, searching for it and reporting findings online. The multi-unit program includes standards-based, age-appropriate activities for 3rd through 8th grades and 9th through10th grades science classes, as well as for after-school and summer programs.
"Beetle Busters is the newest educational initiative of our ongoing efforts to eradicate this invasive insect from at-risk communities across the United States," said Christine Markham, national director of the Asian longhorned beetle cooperative eradication program. "Many educators have been seeking a curriculum tailored to this critical issue. The curriculum is designed to help educators achieve their teaching goals, while challenging students to make a difference in their community."
APHIS is offering educators a free curriculum "kit" that includes a teacher's guide, a classroom poster, a classroom-set of identification cards and bookmarks, as well as the online game called "Freeze and Collect" for use in class or at home. Supplies are limited and are fulfilled on a first come, first served basis, however all of the kit components are available for download online. Educators can order their copy of the kit at BeetleBustersKit.com/.
ALB threatens urban and suburban trees, as well as valued forest resources. The invasive pest has devastated communities around the country, causing entire neighborhoods to lose many of their trees. Learn more about this invasive beetle and the educational initiative at www.BeetleBusters.info/.
The "Be a Beetle Buster" portion of the website includes a wealth of additional resources, printable materials and more. Visit beetlebusters.info/beABeetleBuster_educators.php to:
USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender. To file a complaint of discrimination, write: USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice), or (202) 720-6382 (TDD).


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Holyrood's Justice Committee heard Law Society's sagging performance. The Law Society of Scotland's appearance in front of Holyrood's Justice Committee to give evidence on the proposed reforms of the Legal Services Bill, currently being considered by the Scottish Parliament, seems to prove that despite the Law Society's well deserved reputation for covering up complaints against its members, covering up frauds, embezzlement, theft, destruction (& the falsification of) documents, client files, mishandling of deceased's wills, and even covering up criminal acts of its own members, officials from the governing body which 'looks after' Scotland's solicitors are still willing to claim they should be left alone to regulate Scotland's legal services market, sidelining any real improvements in consumer protection from its members.
The usual suspects from the Law Society attended the hearing, President Ian Smart, Chief Executive Lorna Jack (Douglas Mill's replacement), the notorious Director of Law Reform, Michael Clancy (famed for killing off public petitions, calling in MSPs who are making a fuss about legal matters in Parliament, and someone from the Law Society with the bizarre title of law reform officer, Katie Hay. Missing was the Law Society's Director of Regulation, Philip Yelland, which was a little strange, as one of the topics which received the most attention was, regulation.
The usual suspects caught on video - Law Society of Scotland's evidence session on the Legal Services Bill :
The full report of the Law Society of Scotland's appearance before the Justice Committee, giving evidence on the Legal Services Bill, can be viewed, here : Legal Services (Scotland) Bill: Stage 1 Justice Committee Tuesday 15 December 2009 You can also read my earlier coverage of the Legal Services Bill, here : Legal Services Bill - The story so far
The session was opened with a question from Bill Aitken, the Justice Committee Convener, who asked the acolytes from the Law Society : "Is the Law Society convinced that the bill is necessary and that the establishment of alternative business structures will benefit users of legal services in Scotland as well as practitioners?"
President Ian Smart spoke the most during the session, unfortunately. Responding, Ian Smart, the Law Society's outgoing President said : "The short answer to your question is yes. The bill largely implements the policy that the Law Society adopted at our annual general meeting in May 2008. We support the proposed legislation for a number of reasons. The first is simply that the legal profession's structure is changing. The conventional view of a solicitor in Scotland is someone who is in a relatively small and modest partnership of three or four solicitors based in a county town, but the profession's current demographic is far from that. Three quarters of all solicitors are now employed in one capacity or another. Some are employed by the state—locally or nationally—and others by the private sector directly, but a good number of them are actually employed. The old partnership model is in steady decline. The Law Society already allows limited liability partnerships and, since 1990, incorporated practices, and we see the bill as the next stage."
"It is clear that in some areas—more in relation to commercial users of legal services—there is demand for a one-stop shop, where more than one professional service is provided under one roof. Recent research by KPMG south of the border—albeit it involved the Scottish market—indicated that a substantial 75 per cent of commercial users of legal services welcomed that model. We looked into that model and, frankly, had some concerns about the ethical issues, but they have been worked through in our policy and in how the Government has implemented that policy through the bill. We see no reason why the bill cannot be the next stage in modernising the provision of legal services to the public."
Mr Smart was then questioned on how the vote actually swung in favour of Alternative Business Structures by law firms & individual solicitors although he seemed to omit telling the Justice Committee the Law Society had campaigned hard against the vote within its ranks which, as we all now know was eventually pushed through by the larger legal firms and proxy votes.
Michael Clancy, well known for 'calling in errant MSPs who rock the boat in the legal world, and killing off the occasional public petition seeking legal reforms. Michael Clancy then entered the debate, after being questioned by Justice Committee member Robert Brown MSP (LibDem) on what areas lawyers & non-lawyers could go into partnership with, and which particular areas of business should be reserved to lawyers only, such as "will writing" – which we have all noted that lawyers have done so well over the years (taking millions of pounds for themselves and getting away with it !)
Mr Clancy said : "They (reserved work for lawyers only) are the preparation of writs that relate to conveyancing, of documents in respect of confirmation of executors and of writs that relate to court process. Those reserved activities can be done only by solicitors and some other professionals; to do them for gain in any other circumstance is an offence. The clear answer to Robert Brown's earlier question is that the reserved areas will be unaffected by the bill and such activities will still have to be done by a solicitor in a licensed provider situation."
Mr Clancy then went onto insist that any head of legal services in the reformed Legal Services Market must be a solicitor. He said : "It should be remembered that in a licensed provider firm—if such creatures come into being—the head of legal services will have to be a solicitor. One can envisage that the head of legal services will be responsible for ensuring compliance with the law and practice in relation to the preparation of the documents that I mentioned."
Law Society's current Chief Executive Lorna Jack – much less fun than Douglas Mill, less prone to animated outbursts too, sadly. The Law Society's Chief Executive, Lorna Jack, who replaced the fallen Douglas Mill after his 'secret memo binge against clients of 'crooked lawyers' which was exposed by the Scottish Government Cabinet Finance Chief John Swinney during a Justice Committee hearing, managed to get some words in about 'protecting the legal profession's independence' after a question from Committee member James Kelly, initially put to Ian Smart.
Lorna Jack said in reply : "I think that we have already made known our view on this question. We see a need for the Lord President's role to be re-established beyond just simply being a consultee so that it involves an approval mechanism. We therefore think that the bill needs to be amended in that respect—we have made that point."
Ms Jack continued : "In their evidence, others have talked about the need for a super-regulator, as exists in England and Wales. However, we feel that that is inappropriate for the Scottish market, given its size. Given that the bill provides for ministers to decide after taking independent advice, we do not think that there is a requirement for a super-regulator. If you supplement that with a role for the Lord President in approving regulators, you will ensure that the independence of the legal profession is protected. We would have concerns about there being an additional layer—a quango—and about the cost of that to consumers of legal service in Scotland and, potentially, to taxpayers. The basis of our argument about ensuring the independence of the legal profession is that, alongside ministers, the Lord President takes a role in approving those who get to regulate people who deliver legal service."
Plenty there about protecting the legal profession and its members … not much, well .. actually nothing about protecting consumers & clients, which seems to be a carry on from the Douglas Mill days.
Michael Clancy had to step in again with further answers on points not emphasised enough by Ms Jack, and also raised the Law Society's worries over Scottish Government Ministers being able to interfere in the regulator process. Mr Clancy said : "One of the regulatory objectives of the bill is to promote the independence of the legal profession. That applies not only to approved regulators but to the existing regulators under section 86. Furthermore, the Scottish ministers, who have a particular role to play in relation to the approval of regulators, are also captured by the regulatory objectives in section 4, "Ministerial oversight". The trouble is, of course, that ministers are to act in the way that is set out "only so far as practicable".
"That provision needs to be strengthened a bit. Lorna Jack adverted to the role of the Lord President. We certainly think that the Lord President's role should be enhanced from the position in the bill. In the original consultation, "Wider choice and better protection: a consultation paper on the regulation of legal services in Scotland", the Lord President was listed as being someone who had to agree to the authorisation or rescission of authorisation of an approved regulator, yet, in the bill, he turns out to be a "consultee" in that process. It would be appropriate for the Lord President to be reinstated to his position as someone who acts in concert with the Scottish ministers in that respect."
"Where the bill deals with the specific role of the Scottish ministers regarding elements in the legal profession, there are concerns about how that will work. In my earlier discussion with Mr Brown, I referred to section 39, "Head of Legal Services", in which it says that the head of legal services has to be a solicitor. However, under section 39(9), the Scottish ministers can make regulations about that person's functions. It is inappropriate that the Scottish ministers should be able to tell a solicitor what to do."
"Furthermore, section 35, which deals with ministers' step-in powers, includes the proposition whereby ministers could create an approved body that would be involved in the licensing of those who deliver legal services. That is also a difficult issue, because as the Scottish ministers could create an approved body, they would then have to approve that body, so there would be a kind of infinity loop of ministerial control. That, too, should be struck from the bill."
Ian Smart managed another plug for the Law Society's role in Scottish public life, although it sounds so tired now, we could really all do with a break from Drumsheugh Gardens ruling over the profession and clients best interests, which are never protected, despite the all present's claims to the contrary.
Mr Smart said, in response to a question from Justice Committee member Stewart Maxwell MSP (SNP) on the subject of the Law Society's dual role of representing solicitors & clients : "I have been on the council of the Law Society for 11 years, and during that time it has been debated periodically. On each occasion, we came to the conclusion that the current situation was the best available, as did the Parliament during its early days when it looked into the matter in an inquiry into the regulation of the legal profession in Scotland. We can easily point to flaws in the system from the point of view of the consumer's interest or that of the profession, but we have a compromise for a profession of 10,500 in a relatively small country, and there is a degree of clarity."
"As Cathie Craigie said, people understand what the Law Society is and the role that it holds, and that understanding exists not just within the profession but among the general public. We have an identified role in Scottish public life. The danger in fragmenting that is that it will not be entirely clear who speaks for the legal profession, and if someone has a client complaint or a general complaint about the legal profession, it will not be clear to whom they will make the representations that they want to make."
In terms of protecting consumer interests, the Law Society's appearance before the Justice Committee gave absolutely no hope at all for any expected improvement of standards in a reformed Legal Services market if the bill currently under consideration is passed by the Scottish Parliament, and if anyone is in any doubt about the sub standard of legal services in Scotland, and the poor state of regulation, just watch the clips of the absolutely dismal evidence session from the Law Society, and some of the MSPs who seemed more interested in being seen than being seen to do or say something constructive.


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Realtor speak: For real laughs, read the real estate ads
Some guys go golfing. Others collect stamps. I read the real estate magazines.
Here are some of the things I've learned during the last decade reading about and seeing houses:
If it's reasonably priced, it's probably at least a 50-minute ride to your job in Charlottesville.
"Quaint" and "cozy" are buzzwords used to describe cramped quarters, and "rustic" often means there haven't been any plumbing upgrades since the Spanish-American War.
I must sympathize with the folks who have to write these ads. How does a realtor give ad-copy oomph to yet another one-story brick rancher? One way is to use the headline "Bigger than you think." Often houses described this way are partially built into a hill and have large, full basements. I have yet to see an ad saying, "Smaller than you think."
"Cute as a button" is a much overworked real estate cliché. About 12 years ago, this was the description used for a small house off the 250-bypass in the north Locust Avenue area. This particular house happens to actually be circular, and the headline therefore was appropriate, because most buttons on my clothes are round. Since then, however, "cute as a button" has been used for a variety of smaller structures that are neither round nor things I consider "cute."
Houses are never simply "on" a parcel of land. They are either "situated on" or "nestled on." If they're in a prestigious area like Farmington, houses can be "perched on."
Real estate ads in the Rugby area are almost always "within walking distance of the University"– never, ever, 1.3 miles away. Realtors must suppose that all walkers have the vim and vigor of 18-year-olds.
All houses– or "homes," as most real estate people refer to them– are always shown by appointment, just in case you might decide to show up at 3am with a six-pack.
Real estate ads also feature a lot of pictures of realtors, and I really don't know why. I would think potential buyers would like information about houses instead of knowing how good-looking the realtors are. There must be a compelling, selling reason for those mug shots. But I'll be darned if I know what it is.
I'm sure there are a lot of other reasons why realtors do things like give themselves nicknames such as "The hard-working nice guy," "The straight-shooting realtor," and "The real Cotten, not the synthetic." Whatever their reasons, such names must work, since agents have been using them for a good number of years.
Looking at the names of real estate folks, it seems the more unusual the first name, the more successful the realtor. So if any of you out there wish to have your child become a member of the Realtors' Million Dollar Sales Club, consider naming him or her "Lane," "Punkie," or "Loring."
The best time to sell a house is the early spring, sometimes as early as March. The autumn isn't as "hot," although all those rich professors, medical residents, and wealthy early retirees planning to arrive in the early fall and get their kids in the best schools make old-time residents drool. Then they sneer, "We're not selling until we get our price," which– if they are selling their houses themselves, without an agent– is at least 20 percent over any reasonable figure.
"Owner says sell" and "Owner anxious." These expressions make me laugh, as does the phrase, "Won't last." That last one makes me think of the big bad wolf blowing down the house of the first little pig.
Realtors also use a number of devices to jazz up their "open houses," a term which does not mean there's a gaping hole in the roof– you know what it means. One such popular device is boiling cinnamon in an otherwise empty kitchen, or laying down some pricey temporary oriental rugs to class up the joint.
Realtors also have all kinds of rationales for selling houses. Some of these reasons make me wonder. Several years ago, there were a couple of houses for sale in the Winston Road area. One was $245,000, the other $375,000. They both seemed to have the same number of rooms. When I asked why one was more expensive than the other, I was condescendingly told that the more expensive house "had a legal basement apartment you can rent out to students and help pay off your mortgage." That led me to wonder why anyone willing to spend that amount of money would want beer-swigging, party-throwing grunges in their basement.
Another device realtors use is making past or present owners more important than they really are. I was once told that the woman who owned the house I was looking at was "from one of Lynchburg's finest families," and one realtor graciously let me know that "When the Commander lived here," he built in such and such a convenience.
One thing for sure, with all the local agents, the real estate business is very, very competitive… maybe even more competitive than the local newspaper business.
But I hope not, because I'm probably in enough trouble with all the real estate agents already.
Back by popular demand! This essay got a lot of chuckles when it originally appeared in the Hook in the spring of 2002.–ed.


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Our dealership has already run the CARFAX report and it is clean. A clean CARFAX is a great asset for resale value in the future. Good News! This certified CARFAX 1-owner vehicle has only had one owner before you. Front wheel drive on this mid-size suv gives you better traction and better fuel economy. The vehicle has a 1.6 liter 4 Cylinder Engine high output engine. The Kia Soul shines with an exquisite metallic silver exterior finish. This mid-size suv is built for driving comfort with a telescoping wheel. Anti-lock brakes are standard on this vehicle. Enjoy the tried and true gasoline engine in this Kia Soul. This 2016 Kia Soul is accented with premium quality alloy wheels. The spacious cabin accommodates your family and friends in comfort. Take it to the mountains or the beach. this model can handle it all.
West Hills Kia in Bremerton, WA treats the needs of each individual customer with paramount concern. We know that you have high expectations, and as a car dealer we enjoy the challenge of meeting and exceeding those standards each and every time. Allow us to demonstrate our commitment to excellence!
The Kia 10-year/100,000 mile warranty program consists of: 10-year/100,000 mile limited powertrain warranty. 5-year/60,000 mile limited basic warranty. 5-year/100,000 mile limited anti-perforation warranty. Please see our dealership for additional details.
Our Bremerton, WA Kia dealership, part of West Hills Auto Plex, has served the Seattle Area and the Kitsap Peninsula for years, providing new and used Kia sales, service and parts to drivers from the Bainbridge Island, Silverdale, Port Orchard, Gig Harbor, Poulsbo areas and beyond. We are also conveniently located right off of Route 3. While our extensive inventory of new and used Kia vehicles makes us a great place to buy in Bremerton, it's our friendly staff and customer-first attitude that keeps our customers coming back year after year.
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Over the last week I've spent a fair bit of time reading and digesting the thoughts in various bullish and bearish analyst reports on Research In Motion. I noticed that most analysts seemed to be estimated BlackBerry 10 hardware to sell for about $400. This figure, known in the industry as ASP (Average Selling Price) is the price device manufacturers sell to operators at. It is NOT the retail price you pay for an unlocked phone.
RIM's current portfolio ASP is just under $229, and the average device cost is actually closer to $240-250, so they're losing money on hardware. Keep in mind this cost calculation fully absorbs all costs that RIM must account for in reporting numbers. It's not just a bill of materials as given in a teardown analysis.
Anyway, I had a hard time believing that RIM would actually sell BlackBerry 10 hardware for only $400, and I was fairly vocal about it on a few blog posts. Then we saw at least one analyst publicly estimate a $450 ASP.
Since then, I've come across two data points to support the idea that a $400 ASP for BlackBerry 10 is totally out to lunch.
Point 1: The BlackBerry Bold 9900 has an ASP, in the UK market, close to £280, which translates to over $440 USD. If the current (and quite old) high end device from RIM can sell at that price point, it seems absurd to believe BlackBerry 10 would sell for less.
Point 2: Another European data point suggests that one major (and I do mean major) operator intends to sell the devices for €450, which equates to about $587. Keep in mind this retail pricing usually represents a markup over the device ASP, meaning carriers make a profit on selling off-contract phones.
As we come across more data, it should be fun to discuss it in blog posts and in the forums. But I'm pretty confident in saying that RIM should be making healthy profits on BlackBerry 10 hardware.
There are still plenty of unknowns. We don't really know what RIM's cost will be (hence gross margin). We don't know what percentage of sales will migrate to BB10 in the first few quarters. We don't know what they plan to do later in 2013 to propagate BlackBerry 10 towards the lower end of the portfolio, nor what the price points and profit will be like on those devices. We don't know how service revenues will change over the next few quarters.
We'll keep digging.
A new 5G BlackBerry Android smartphone with a keyboard will arrive in 2021
A new joint announcement from BlackBerry, OnwardMobility, and FIH Mobile lays out the plans for a new 5G BlackBerry Android smartphone with a physical keyboard to be brought to market in North America, and Europe within the first half of 2021.


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McDowell Mountain Music Festival Announce 2017 Lineup
The Shins, who were on the bill in 2013, will return to the stage of Margaret T. Hance Park in downtown Phoenix for the 14th annual McDowell Mountain Music Festival. Also on the bill will be Chromeo, Flume and Grouplove. Arizona's only 100 percent non-profit music festival brings an eclectic assortment of artists to Phoenix Friday, March 3-Sunday, March 5. Other artists this year include Gov't Mule, Lettuce, DJ Mustard, Emancipator Ensemble, Bob Moses, Railroad Earth, the Record Company, SunSquabi, Hayley Kiyoko, Turkuaz, Whiskey Myers and Treezus. Arizona music is well…Read More


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- 1/4 cup milk
- 2 tablespoons plus 2 teaspoons unsalted butter
- 8 large eggs
- 1 cup plus 2 tablespoons sugar
- 1 cup bleached all-purpose flour
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- 1/8 teaspoon salt
- 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
- 1 pint Chocolate Ice Cream, softened
- 1 pint Chicory Coffee Ice Cream, softened
- 1 pint Creole Cream Cheese and Praline Ice Cream, softened
- 4 large egg whites
- 2 tablespoons sugar
- Chocolate Sauce
- Preheat the oven to 350?F.
- In a small saucepan, warm the milk and 2 teaspoons butter together over medium-low heat. With an electric mixer fitted with a wire whip, beat the eggs and 1 cup of the sugar on medium-high speed until the mixture is pale yellow, thick, and has tripled in volume, about 8 minutes. With the mixer on low, beat in the warm milk mixture.
- Sift the flour, baking powder, and salt into a medium-size mixing bowl. Fold the flour mixture into the egg mixture and blend thoroughly until smooth. Add the vanilla and mix gently.
- Grease a 17 X 12-inch baking pan or jelly-roll pan with 2 tablespoons butter. Sprinkle evenly with the remaining 2 tablespoons sugar. Pour the cake batter into the pan, spreading it evenly. Bake until the cake springs back when touched, about 15 minutes. Cool for about 2 minutes, then gently flip it out onto a large wire rack or a large sheet of parchment paper. Let cool completely.
- Cut the sponge cake into 4 equal pieces (cut in half vertically, then cut each half in two). Spread the softened chocolate ice cream on one layer. Top with a second piece of sponge cake. If the ice cream begins to melt, put the cake in the freezer for about 30 minutes. Spread the softened chicory ice cream over the second cake layer. Lay the third piece of cake on top and spread with the praline ice cream. Again, if the ice cream starts to melt, return the to the freezer to let it firm up. Top with the last piece of cake. Wrap the cake tightly with plastic wrap and freeze until firm, about 2 hours.
- Beat the egg whites with an electric mixer until soft peaks form. Add the sugar and beat until stiff peaks form. Remove the cake from the freezer and, with a rubber spatula, carefully spread the meringue evenly over the tops and sides of the cake. With a small blowtorch, brown the meringue. To brown it in the oven, preheat the oven to 400?F. Put the baked Alaska in the hot oven until the meringue is tinged golden brown, 2 to 4 minutes.
- Cut the cake crosswise into 1 1/4-inch-thick slices and drizzle with the chocolate sauce to serve.
- Salmonella warning: Letís talk about egg safety because I donít want any of you outthere to get sick. I personally love homemade fresh mayonnaise and I make it with freshóand I mean FRESHóraw eggs. Iíve never had any trouble, but I want you to take some precautions. Always purchase your eggs from a reputable source, a place you can trust with your life. Donít use eggs after the expiration date on the carton. Donít go leaving your eggs in the backseat of your car while youíre out and about, and once you get home, keep the eggs in the refrigerator. I use eggs pretty quickly, so I donít have to worry about keeping them too long at home. But I suppose thereís a tiny risk some nasty old salmonella could sneak into some eggs, so just be cautious about serving young kids or the elderly or to people who have health problems. Okay?
Recipe Details
- Source: Emeril's TV Dinners
- Dish Type: Dessert


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OTTAWA — The Rangers didn't look as if they were going to get a shot past Senators goalie Craig Anderson all night.
OTTAWA — The Rangers didn't look as if they were going to get a shot past Senators goalie Craig Anderson all night.
But they rallied with two goals in 51 seconds against 6-foot-7 backup Ben Bishop but lost a seven-round shootout, 3-2, Thursday night at Scotiabank Place.
The Rangers (8-6-2) had Chris Kreider's final shootout attempt go wide while Henrik Lundqvist (35 saves) allowed shootout attempts by Jakob Silfverberg and Kaspars Daugavins to dribble past him.
The Rangers, who have now lost two straight for the first time since the season's first two games, conclude this two-game Canadian swing Saturday at Montreal, where they haven't won since March 17, 2009.
Anderson was hurt at 1:43 of the third period as Kreider, tripped by defenseman Marc Methot, slid into him. Anderson remained on the ice for several minutes before being helped to the dressing room. Anderson, who came into the game with a 1.57 goals-against average and .950 save percentage, had stopped all 21 shots he faced.
Against Bishop, Ryan Callahan tied the game on the power play at 11:35, getting to the right post to put in a puck rebounding off the backboards. Ryan McDonagh, with a shot from the left point that appeared to deflect through Bishop's pads, gave the Rangers a 2-1 lead at 11:35.
Mika Zibanejad tied things up with a power-play goal for the Senators (9-6-3) at 13:30, just 11 seconds after Brian Boyle was whistled for holding him.
Bishop made his best save with two minutes left in overtime, stopping a wide-open Marian Gaborik, who also clanked the rebound off the left post.


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text: Michael Kors was launched in 1981, and has since become an award-winning designer of luxury accessories and ready-to-wear fashion. Intent on producing quality products, Michael Kors collection stays strict to glamour and chic couture – creating a style sophisticated and indulgent, iconic as it is modern. Michael Kors sunglasses range is no exception. Propelled by his success on the catwalk, Kors turned his attention to the flourishing eyewear market. With a philosophy of making eyewear which is on-trend and alluring, success has come on leaps and bounds, creating a new market in love with their sleek shades. Wonderfully orchestrated materials ranging from rose gold to Havana has been applied to frames, with lenses available in eccentric looks from graduated to mirrored, pink to blue – creating an abundance of choice to tailor the choice of any wearer. At Glasses Station, we have a portfolio of men's and women's Michael Kors sunglasses to browse over just in time for summer. Browse our best-sellers today such as the Chelsea model for women and the Lugano spectacle for men.Mens Michael Kors Sunglasses


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Changing the conversation about addiction
A short while ago I heard a radio commentator remark about the latest celebrity to "crash" and head for rehab. Certainly, it's always hot news when a person of national repute falls prey to addiction. What made this commentary interesting to me was the commentator's take on the situation. He said, in essence, that people suffering from addiction just do not get much respect or support. It's all about the bad behavior and poor choices that leads to incarceration, alienation or rehab. And often, the rehab facilities themselves are viewed as more country clubs than environments dedicated to recovery and hope.
The truth tells a different story. In 2009, drug and alcohol overdoses and brain damage linked to long-term drug abuse killed an estimated 37,485 people, surpassing the 2009 toll of traffic accidents by 1,201. At the end of 2011, according to the World Drug Report, the number of fatalities from illicit substance use increased to more than 44,000. To put this in perspective, approximately 39,500 women died from breast cancer in 2011. Yet the clamor for solution to drug addiction is still in its infancy.
Sadly, it occurs to me how often the conversation about addiction, whether it's substance abuse, gambling, overeating and or other addictive illnesses, generates negative and/or dismissive commentary. The focus is on the behavior, which can range from well-hidden to, more commonly, disruptive, disheartening and criminal. Sure, there's some mention along this path that drug and/or alcohol addiction is a disease, mental or physical. But the conservation often quickly dismisses the health aspect of addiction and dwells on the behavior. Sympathy and understanding are not terms that immediately come to mind.
The result of this, it seems, is that addiction is most often looked at as a criminal matter or one of choice rather than a health issue. It's easy to see why. All too often we hear about violence connected to the drug culture, particularly the horrific power of the cartels to the south of us. We are also confronted by the battle in our own urban and rural communities about illicit and drug trade and use, as well as the surging abuse of prescription drugs.
Since 1977, hundreds of thousands of individuals suffering from addiction have passed through the doors of McAlister Institute, and not one of them – not one – has chosen to become an addict, any more than a person chooses to contract cancer or heart disease. A true, deliberate conversation which focuses on substance abuse as an illness and emphasizes recovery and hope for addicts, family, loved ones, business associates and the community at large is long overdue. As of Jan. 1, underage drinkers seeking medical help will no longer have to fear charges under a so-called "good Samaritan" bill signed by Gov. Jerry Brown. The law aims to save the lives of overdose victims by shielding them and those who would come to their aid from drug charges. It decriminalizes the possession of drugs and drug paraphernalia when seeking medical assistance for an overdose, as long as the substances are for personal use. This is an important start, but it's just the introduction to a deeper and more important conversation.
The work of recovery begins with compassion, dedication and commitment to lifestyle changes. It involves learning to make good life decisions, retooling of drug-related and dependent paradigms, modifying behavior, increasing self-awareness and understanding the complexity of the disease of addiction. This is hard work; it takes months and even years of recovery and mentoring and a lifetime commitment.
McAlister, like many low-cost drug and alcohol rehabilitation centers, is not a spa. The organization treats more than 2,500 individuals every month who are struggling with substance abuse regardless of ability to pay. Our staff consists of many professionals who, themselves, are in recovery. Combined, our organization has more than 1,000 years of recovery. This year, I am celebrating 56 years in recovery. I strongly believe that in San Diego we have many individuals who live a life dedicated to sobriety and whose days are filled with hope, but don't necessarily share their experiences.
The only way that we can generate true and enduring support is to change the conversation about substance abuse from the negative to one of hope and recovery.
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International Studies Minor
For department information or additional degree requirements, click here
For related information from the bureau of labor statistics, click here
For course description, click on the course.
- Total Credits Required for Minor24
- Core10
- Approved Electives*14
Additional Requirements:
Language Proficiency
International studies minors must demonstrate proficiency in a language other than English at the 102 level or higher. This can be accomplished by completing a 102 (or 200 or higher) course in a language or by verification through the Modern Languages and Literatures Department (i.e. determined by examination or through some other means of confirming proficiency).
Program Approval
A program approval for international studies minors must be prepared and approved by an academic advisor from the Modern Languages and Literatures Department and a copy forwarded to Degree Evaluations in the Registrar's Office. A degree evaluation will not be performed until approval is received.
*The electives may be chosen from any of the courses under the international studies major, non-regional or regional tracks.
Up to 12 credits of IP 285/286/485/486 can be counted as electives. No more than 8 credits of any other prefix can apply as electives.
Up to 8 credits can be applied from the list of non-regional elective courses and/or core for the international studies major.
Courses listed for the regional tracks of the international studies major may also be used as electives.


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In SQL Server, I already created a table called
tblDatabase with some columns. I want to add a primary key on the two columns
DatabaseName and
I tried to add:
ALTER TABLE tblDatabase ADD CONSTRAINT pk_DatabaseServer
PRIMARY KEY (DatabaseName, ServerName)
in check constraints but I get pop up error that say
error validating constraint 'ck_tblDatabase'.
Did I miss something?
I also have
ServerName as PK in
tblServer that already relationship with
tblDatabase. Is that the reason why?


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Alberto Ginastera's three piano sonatas: A reflection of the composer and his country
The study of Ginastera's three Piano Sonatas can be viewed as an example of the composer's general development. The historical context in which Ginastera lived is an important departure point. His native country, Argentina, ...


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Twenty-one years ago, on Nov. 7, 1991, America was jolted with the news that basketball legend Magic Johnson had contracted HIV and would retire from the sport. Almost immediately, Johnson began taking the antiretroviral drug AZT, and his health quickly improved. Just three months later, Johnson returned to basketball to play in the 1992 All-Star Game, where his performance earned him the MVP award.
Johnson's fans and supporters were delighted by his triumphant return. And through Johnson's experience, mainstream America began to understand that HIV infection was no longer an automatic death sentence, but a largely treatable, chronic condition.
We are fortunate that during the past two decades, there has been great progress in the treatment and care of people living with HIV and AIDS. With early detection and increasingly effective treatments, Johnson's story is now just one of many high-profile examples of how people can manage their HIV and live long, productive lives.
But while proper treatment for people with HIV has become much more available and effective, only 25 percent of Americans with HIV are receiving it.
At the same time, people born after AIDS first emerged in 1981 are now most at risk of becoming infected with HIV. This sad fact highlights how important awareness and education is as we mark World AIDS Day on Dec. 1.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HIV infection rates are increasing for Americans between 13 and 30, and most of the new HIV infections reported in this country involve people under 30. We need to ensure that all people—especially young people—are educated about HIV/AIDS prevention and the availability of effective treatments.
Let World AIDS Day remind us that about 56,000 Americans become infected with HIV each year, according to the CDC, and that more than 14,000 Americans with AIDS die each year. The CDC estimates that nearly 1.2 million Americans are living with HIV, and that about one in five don't know they have the virus. Regularly testing people who are most at risk for HIV—and then providing antiretroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS patients—dramatically reduces the number of new infections.
Preventing HIV is not complicated. If you're sexually active, get tested. Don't use intravenous drugs or share needles. Abstain or practice safer sex. With preventive care, patients and their health-care providers can fight and manage this disease and slow its spread.
We can't allow today's more effective treatments to make us complacent or ambivalent, or to lessen our resolve to find a cure and achieve an AIDS-free generation. To learn more, or to find a place near you to get tested, visit ActAgainstAIDS.org.
UnitedHealthcare Chief Medical Officer
Cypress, Calif.