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The Crisis in Syria
(For details on the rise of the Islamic State click here)
Updated: The Responsibility to Protect norm, as agreed to in the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document, does not sanction a unilateral military response or a response by a "coalition of the willing." Any military response under RtoP must be authorized by the Security Council.
I. Crackdown on anti-government protests escalates to armed conflict
II. Delayed response to escalating crisis
III. Crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Syrian government
IV. Opposition groups militarize and are accused of human rights violations
V. Refugees and IDPs
VI. Responses to the Crisis
The crisis in Syria was prompted by protests in mid-March 2011 calling for the release of political prisoners. National security forces responded to widespread, initially peaceful demonstrations with brutal violence. From summer 2011 onwards, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad refused to halt attacks and implement the meaningful reforms demanded by protestors. In July 2011, accounts emerged from witnesses, victims, the media, and civil society that government forces had subjected civilians to arbitrary detention, torture, and the deployment and use of heavy artillery. The Syrian people were also subject to the Shabiha, a heavily armed state-sponsored militia fighting alongside security forces. Assad consistently denied responsibility for these crimes, placing blame for the violence on armed groups and terrorists, and yet denying humanitarian access to civilians. Alongside the worsening violence, this lack of assistance from the UN and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) caused severe shortages of food, water and healthcare in the country.
As the crisis continued to escalate, opponents of the Assad regime began to loosely organize, creating several opposition organizations such as the Syrian National Council (SNC), an umbrella organization of exiled Syrians, and the Free Syrian Army (FSA), a militarized element largely composed of Syrian military defectors and armed rebels. Though ideological divisions have characterized the fragmented opposition, many groups lost patience with the lack of progress on reforms and began to call the regime's resignation since the fall of 2011. In August 2011, the FSA began attacking Syrian soldiers with force, marking the first time that the opposition resorted to violence to overthrow the regime and end the government's widespread attacks on civilians. With the introduction of these new militant tactics came reports that opposition forces had also subjected civilians to human rights violations. The conflict has also grown increasingly sectarian in nature, with civilians being targeted by both sides based on the presumed support or opposition to the Assad regime associated with their ethnic identities.
Though the government-imposed media blackout since March 2011 has made external confirmation of the situation in Syria very difficult, the United Nations Human Rights Council established an independent International Commission of Inquiry in September 2011 to investigate the alleged human rights violations. The Commission has since produced seven reports and concluded that the Syrian government and Shabiha committed crimes against humanity and war crimes, as well as that anti-government groups have been responsible for war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Initially, regional actors, such as the League of Arab States and the Gulf Cooperation Council, were hesitant to respond, and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) was unable to reach a consensus on decisive action to end the conflict. After nearly a year of fighting, former Secretary-General Kofi Annan was appointed as Joint Special Envoy for the UN and the League of Arab States on 23 February 2012. Annan quickly set forth a six point peace plan, which included commitments from all parties to work with the Special Envoy, a ceasefire, and the access to and timely provision of humanitarian assistance. Unfortunately, the deal failed to end the violence, which by then had become a de facto civil war. The UNSC then authorized the deployment of a UN Supervision Mission in Syria (UNSMIS) of 300 unarmed observers to facilitate the peace plan in April 2012, but activities were suspended in June when the observers' presence failed to quell the violence and the mission's mandate came to an end on 19 August 2012. By late July, fatalities and casualties had mounted to 19,000 and tens of thousands of civilians remained displaced, seeking refuge in neighboring countries such as Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and Turkey. The following month, Annan resigned from his position, citing the lack of political unity within the UN as a major obstacle to finding a solution to the crisis, and was replaced by Lakhdar Brahimi. Brahimi immediately faced a tumultuous situation, with clashes between government and opposition forces fighting for control of Damascus, mass executions by government forces and a growing humanitarian crisis. As of yet, he has been unable to negotiate an end to the violence, and on 29 January 2013, warned a still seriously divided Security Council that the country was "breaking up before everyone's eyes."
In November 2012, opposition forces came together to create a new coalition to be more inclusive and representative of the Syrian opposition. The new body was named the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Force, and has steadily gathered international recognition as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people. The Coalition was first recognized by the Arab League on 12 November 2012, then joined by France on 13 November, EU on 19 November, UK on 20 November, US on 12 December 2012, and then others. The Coalition has suffered from a series of high level resignations and an inability to assert overall control over rebel forces on the ground. Its leadership became dominated by Saudi-backed candidates during an overhaul in July 2013. The opposition forces grew increasingly fragmented, divided by ideological barriers between secular and Islamist armed groups as well as pervasive managerial gaps. In April 2013, Al Qaeda announced its allegiance to the rebel forces and foreign fighters enlisted in the sectarian war in increasing numbers.
The two main Islamist groups are the 'Al-Nusra Front' and the 'Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant' (ISIL- formerly Islamic State in Iraq and Syria –ISIS). An attack by ISIL on the FSA in September 2013 marked the beginning of rebel-on-rebel fighting. Since January 2014, the FSA and Al-Nursa have been fighting back against ISIL. In February 2014, Al-Qaeda withdrew its support for ISIL, after refusing to endorse a merger of that group with the Al-Nusra Front. As of March 2014, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reports that more than 140,000 have been killed, while there are now 6.5 million people displaced within Syria and another 2.5 million in neighboring countries, according to the UNHRC.
As early as 27 April 2011, then UN Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, B. Lynn Pascoe, informed the UN Security Council that sources in Syria had reported "the use of artillery fire against unarmed civilians; door-to-door arrest campaigns; the shooting of medical personnel who attempt to aid the wounded; raids against hospitals, clinics and mosques and the purposeful destruction of medical supplies and arrest of medical personnel". The Syrian government also allegedly denied access to international monitors, humanitarian groups and human rights organizations while simultaneously shutting off local social media communications. Based on interviews, the Commission of Inquiry on Syria presented its initial findings to the Council in Geneva on 28 November 2011, reporting evidence that crimes against humanity had been committed by military and security forces including: sexual violence, torture, arbitrary detention and murder.
Government attacks also shifted from sporadic violence to targeted large-scale killings. The spiraling levels of violence were implemented using cluster bombs, which are prohibited in many states around the world. Among other instances of violence with a high civilian death toll, 108 people died in attack on Houla in July 2012 and 71 men were massacred in Aleppo in January 2013. In a 3 July report from Human Rights Watch, witnesses reported the use of torture in 27 detention facilities run by Syrian intelligence agencies, including at the hands of the commanders in charge. Human Rights Watch also released evidence of a clear chain of command responsibility for atrocities committed all the way up to high-level Syrian officials. Subsequent reports by the Commission of Inquiry also established that gross violations of human rights had been committed by Syrian military and security forces, and stressed the harmful effects on the population, calling for an end to impunity. As of March 2014, the Commission's investigations confirmed that 17 incidents of intentional mass killing had been perpetrated by government forces and pro-government militias, including the attack on Houla.
Chemical Weapons Attack
A number of NGOs made repeated claims of the deployment of chemical agents by the Syrian government, which was known to have stockpiles of such weapons. Individual states such as United States, France, United Kingdom, announced that they had evidence of the government's small scale use of chemical weapons between March and June 2013. In August 2013, a series of videos, photographs and reports from the ground from Syria indicated that a new chemical weapons attack had killed a high number of civilians in rebel-held areas outside of Damascus, in "the world's most lethal chemical weapons attack since the 1980s." The footage showed a large number of children among the victims of the attacks in Ghouta. Casualty estimates vary from 500 to over 1400.
The international community called for an immediate investigation of the use of chemical weapons after the attack on civilians. The team of United Nations inspectors probing the possible use of chemical weapons returned from Syria on 31 August after two weeks of investigation. It reported that there was "clear and convincing evidence" that Sarin gas had been used in Ghouta, though it stopped short of declaring which side had deployed them. While the Secretary General also refrained from assigning blame, he did state on 16 September "this is a war crime".
Many voices inside and outside of Syria declared that the international community and the Syrian government had both failed in their responsibility to protect Syrians, a failure that, particularly in light of the attacks, reached what some called a tipping point and required an immediate and meaningful response.
States, in particular the USA, were convinced that the Assad regime was behind the war crime and violation of international humanitarian law, declared publicly that a "red line" had been crossed. The USA and France therefore seriously considered a military operation in order to respond to the chemical weapons attack. However, others questioned whether a military response solely in response to the 21 August chemical weapons attack would actually serve to protect civilians, or if it would be mostly designed to punish the Assad regime. On 14 September 2013 the US and Russia stuck a deal to remove and destroy Syria's chemical weapons by June 2014.
Under UNSC Resolution 2118, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) was tasked with implementing a program of destroying chemical weapons sites inside Syria and transporting materials to be shipped abroad for destruction. Destruction of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal began on 6 October 2013. The Syrian regime has thus far complied with Resolution 2118, with the OPCW declaring that they had successfully destroyed most of the sites used for the production of chemical weapons in November 2013. On 7 January 2014, the first shipment of priority chemicals left the port of Latakia to be destroyed. By 4 March 2014, one third of Syria's declared chemical weapons stockpile had left the country and a revised timetable was set for all to be removed by the end of April 2014. It remains to be seen, however, whether the mid-2014 deadline for destroying Syria's current stockpile of the munitions will be met in light of the ongoing instability.
Despite the deal on chemical weapons, the regime has escalated its conventional weapon offensives, and Human Rights Watch has reported the use of indiscriminate weapons such as barrel bombs and other cluster munitions. The Syrian government has reportedly dropped between 5000 and 6000 barrel bombs since the crisis began, killing 20,000 people, 1,600 of which died in Aleppo in March 2014 alone. Amnesty International has also reported that starvation is being used as a deliberate tactic of war by the regime.
IV. Opposition groups militarize, accused of human rights violations amid clashes with government forces
The FSA also reportedly failed to comply with international human rights and humanitarian law, according to evidence from civil society groups including Human Rights Watch, which reported in March 2012 that FSA forces had committed human rights abuses against civilians including extra judicial killing, capture and torture. On 25 July 2012, Amnesty International released a press statement saying that opposition groups have been deliberately and unlawfully killing captured opponents in Syria, and called on all opposition parties to abide by international humanitarian law. In response to widespread concern, the FSA officials signed a "code of conduct" in August 2012 pledging to refrain from torture, attacking of civilians and other human rights abuses. This coincided with the Commission of Inquiry's report on 15 August, which concluded that opposition forces had committed war crimes and crimes against humanity in 10 incidents. Meanwhile, Syrian lawyers attempted to collect war crimes testimonies from civilians in the hope to prosecute crimes under international law once the conflict ends. In March 2013, the government accused rebel forces of using chemical weapons in Aleppo, though the opposition maintained that government forces had actually deployed them. Russia announced in early July 2013 that it had evidence that anti-government armed groups had used Sarin gas against government forces, though neither the UN nor the Commission of Inquiry have confirmed this. The UN Secretary-General responded by setting up a team of scientists to investigate the allegations, which were investigating three sites where chemical weapons have allegedly been used when the 21 August chemical attack occurred.
As of March 2014, Syria has topped the list of forcibly displaced people. The UNHCR now reports that 9 million Syrians are displaced, amounting to half the population. This included 6.5 million uprooted from their homes within Syria and another 2.5 million who have fled to neighboring countries. The refugee crisis has taken its toll on bordering countries. According to the UNHCR, as of January 2015, almost 1,623,000 people have sought refuge in Turkey, over 622,000 in Jordan,133,000 in Egypt, 235,000 in Iraq and almost 1,168,000 in Lebanon. The primary reasons for fleeing appear to be atrocities committed against civilians, reported the International Rescue Committee in January 2013, with journeys to safety made more treacherous by winter conditions. On 24 May 2013, Foreign Affairs noted that refugee populations faced dire conditions in the refugee camps.
Furthermore, the hosting countries are experiencing severe pressure. In Jordan, the World Bank announced in May 2013 that the influx of refugees was affecting the livelihood, public services, and basic commodities of the local communities and offered its financial support to the government, while in March 2014 the UNHCR stated "Syrian refugees in Jordan are hanging on by a thread ". Although Turkey has been more economically equipped to handle the refugee influx, social and political costs arose, resulting in an increased risk of sectarian spillover, particularly in areas sympathetic to Assad. Lebanon is also significantly burdened by the conflict, a country which UNHCR says hosts 230 registered Syrian refuges for every 1000 Lebanese. Lebanon's hospitals, electricity, transportation systems are strained, while food prices are rising. Furthermore, the country is experiencing a re-ignition of ethnic and religious tensions, with violent clashes occurring between Sunni and Shiite communities and between supporters and opponents of Assad. Civil society actors, including Refugee International, warned on 10 July 2012 that Syria's neighbors' had been "stretched too thin", and called for urgent assistance and increased funding from the international community. On 18 March 2014, the UN, acknowledging the strain on Syria's neighbors, nonetheless again urged the countries to continue keeping their borders open for refugees.
a) Regional Responses
The League of Arab States
The League of Arab States (LAS) initially stressed that it would not take unilateral action in response to the crisis. However, after nearly nine months of violence against civilians, the League introduced a peace plan, which called on the government to halt violence, release prisoners, allow for media access and remove military presence from civilian areas. When the government failed to uphold the plan in spite of its initial agreement to do so, the League suspended Syria's membership on 12 November 2011 and imposed economic sanctions on 27 November 2011. On 19 December, Syria signed a peace deal, mandating an Arab League mission to observe and report on the crisis, but the League suspended the mission on 29 January 2012 due to "critical" conditions in the country. The League then encouraged the Security Council to take further action and appointed a Joint Special Envoy with the UN to facilitate a political solution to the crisis. In November 2012 the League, alongside the Gulf Cooperation Council, recognized the National Coalition of the Syrian Opposition, an opposition organization formed that same month from various opposition groups in order to have a more inclusive and representative model, as the "the legitimate representative and main interlocutor with the Arab League and GCC". The Coalition officially took Syria's seat at the summit of the Arab League in March 2013. On 28 August 2013, the Arab League blamed the Syrian government for the chemical attack of 21 August and urged the international community to take action to deter further chemical weapons use on 2 September 2013.
The European Union
The European Union (EU) imposed economic sanctions, including an arms embargo, visa ban and asset freeze, against the Syrian regime in May 2011, and has heightened the sanctions periodically since then. In November 2012 the EU recognized the National Coalition of the Syrian Opposition as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people, and subsequently released a statement calling for Assad to step down to allow for political transition in January 2013. In March 2013 the EU foreign ministers modified these sanctions, making it possible for European governments to bypass the ban on providing "non-lethal" supplies to the opposition. On 28 May 2013, the European States effectively ended the arms embargo on the opposition in Syria and opened up the possibility to arm anti-government rebels while upholding the arms embargo on the Assad government. Only the United Kingdom and France have expressed the possibility of sending arms, while the majority of the remaining EU member-states are worried that further militarization will only fuel more violence.On 15 March 2014, EU High Representative, Ashton, expressed her concern about reports which "confirmed the regime's indiscriminate use of murder, torture, rape, hostage-taking, and sexual violence. These are crimes against humanity, war crimes
and blatant breaches of international human rights and humanitarian law."
Special Advisers on the Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect
The Special Advisers of the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide and on the Responsibility to Protect voiced their concern over the Syrian government's systematic widespread attacks targeting civilians and reminded the government of its responsibility to protect its population in a series of public statements. Notably, in their fifth statement, released on 14 June 2012, they called on the international community "to take immediate, decisive action to meet its responsibility to protect populations at risk of further atrocity crimes in Syria, taking into consideration the full range of tools available under the United Nations Charter" including a referral of the situation by the Security Council to the International Criminal Court (ICC). On 8 July 2013, the UN Special Adviser on the Prevention on Genocide, Mr. Dieng, warned against the increasing use of rhetoric by political and religious leaders in the Middle East and North Africa region as it could be used to incite further violence in Syria.On 7 March 2014, Mr. Dieng told the Human Rights Council that ongoing atrocities in Syria were evidence that the international community had already failed Syria in its duty to prevent.
Human Rights Council and Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
As discussed above, the Human Rights Council and Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights were seized of the crisis early on and in August 2011 mandated an independent Commission of Inquiry to investigate human rights violations in Syria. High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, also repeatedly called upon the Syrian government to assume its responsibility to protect and prevent and prosecute perpetrators of international crimes, and has repeatedly urged the Security Council to refer the case to the ICC, beginning in December 2011.On 2 December 2013, UN Human Rights Commissioner, Navi Pillay, reported that a UN inquiry had found "massive evidence... [of] very serious crimes, war crimes, crimes against humanity" which were authorized "at the highest level of government, including the head of state".
Security Council
In October 2012 the Security Council issued press statements condemning the terrorist attacks in Aleppo and later calling on all relevant parties to implement a ceasefire in honor of Eid al- Adha, Since then, the Council has received significant pressure to refer the case in Syria to the ICC, including from the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Special Advisers on the Prevention of Genocide and RtoP as well as from over 50 Member States who signed a letter saying as much in mid-January 2013.
The Security Council showed rare unity on Syria by passing Resolution 2118 on 7 September 2013, which requires Syria to destroy its current stockpile of chemical weapons. It further prohibits Syria from using, developing, stockpiling, and transferring chemical weapons. Should Syria not fulfill the terms of the resolution, whose compliance will be overseen by the OPCW, the Security Council may consider penalties under Chapter VII of the UN Charter.
In July of 2014, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 2165, which not only re-iterated the need for ceasefire in heavily populated areas, but also affirmed that the Syrian government has the primary responsibility to protect the Syrian population. In addition, the resolution clarified that the UN agencies and other necessary humanitarian organizations could deliver aid from across the borders of neighboring countries and that to impede the delivery of aid by "withholding consent for the opening of all relevant border crossings" would be in violation of international humanitarian law. The resolution was renewed in December of 2014, authorizing, "UN agencies and other humanitarian organizations to deliver aid from neighboring countries and across conflict lines." As of January 28th, 2015 54 cross-aid deliveries had been made since the adoptions of Resolution 2165 and 2191. However, the Security Council also revealed that cross-line deliveries remained difficult, and that government forces were "withholding approvals for medical supplies in aid convoys" and access to certain areas remains blocked off to aid organizations.
While the Syrian government declared that humanitarian aid given without consent amounted to an attack, the UN Security Council deemed aid a necessity and pitted its importance over that of state sovereignty. Luxembourg's U.N. Ambassador Sylvie Lucas said, "The consent of the Syrian authorities will no longer be necessary." While Syrian U.N. Ambassador Bashar Ja'afari claimed that "The Syrian Government counts on a neutral, effective and responsible role of the United Nations in dealing with the humanitarian situation in Syria, especially in terms of respecting the Syrian sovereignty," With the passing of resolutions that allowed humanitarian aid to be delivered across borders and in rebel-held areas, one could say that the UN Security Council demonstrated that humanitarian concerns would override Syria's sovereignty concerns in this particular case.
General Assembly
The General Assembly adopted several resolutions calling for all parties to support efforts to peacefully resolve the crisis. In an attempt to pressure the Security Council to act, the General Assembly requested that UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon brief the Council in January 2013. At this time, the Secretary-General stated: "We must do everything we can to reach Syrians in need. We must intensify our efforts to end the violence through diplomacy, overcoming the divisions within Syria, the region and the Security Council." On 15 May 2013, the General Assembly adopted a resolution condemning the conflict's escalation, violations of humanitarian law, and violence, demanding the government meet their responsibility to protect their population, comply with international law, and cooperate with the Commission of Inquiry to investigate claims of chemical weapons. The resolution also asked the Secretary-General to report on the resolution's implementation to the GA within 30 days. A resolution on 19 December 2013 condemned "the continued widespread and systematic gross violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms and all violations of international humanitarian law by the Syrian authorities and the government affiliated shabbiha militias".
Russia and China attracted significant criticism from Arab and Western leaders for their economic, political and military ties to Syria, and because they vetoed three UN Security Council resolutions which had included language citing the responsibility of the Assad government. Separately, Russia made attempts at unilateral diplomacy with a view to put pressure on the Assad regime to limit its military actions against civilians and allow for some sort of political transition, and in December 2012 publically acknowledged that the Assad regime may well be losing control of the country. In early May 2013, Russia announced its plans to hold a Syria peace conference together with the United States to broker a peace agreement and in September helped forge a deal on Syria's chemical weapons.
Turkey's border with Syria has seen skirmishes and shelling since July 2012, and in October, five Turkish civilians were killed by Syrian mortar fire, which Turkey responded to with proportional arms. In February 2013, an explosion on the Syrian-Turkish border killed at least 13 people, putting further strain on the deteriorating relationship between the two. After another instance of car bombs on the border in May 2013, killing 43, Turkey warned it would take all steps necessary to protect itself. Though NATO had originally stated it would not intervene in the Syrian crisis, the Organization placed patriot missiles on Turkey's border with Syria in January 2013 to defend against external attack, at the request of the Turkish government. Anders Fogh Rasmussen, NATO's secretary general, had previously warned the Syrian government on 3 December 2012 that the international community would not stand by if the Assad regime unleashed chemical warfare against the Syrian people.On 24 January 2014, Turkish armed forces firedon ISIL positions in northern Syria.
Fighting between Syrian government forces and rebels in the Golan Heights has meanwhile challenged the decades-long ceasefire between Syria and Israel in the Golan Heights and complicated the operations of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), charged with monitoring the accord. After two abductions of UNDOF peacekeepers in March and May 2013, the UN has had to contend with troop-contributing countries (TCCs) withdrawing their peacekeepers from UNDOF out of concern for their safety. The mission's mandate has been renewed every six months and currently runs until 30 June 2014.
Though Lebanon has long had an official policy of disassociation in the Syrian conflict, the influx of refugees and increased cross-border fire from Syria has threatened to embroil the country in its neighbor's crisis. The announced entry of Lebanese political and military group Hezbollah and their key role in helping the Syrian government re-take the town of Qusayr in June 2013 and Yahbroud in 2014 demonstrates how the Syrian crisis is slowly devolving into a full-scale regional crisis.
As the conflict wears on, without distinctive action from international organizations, several national actors have also increased their support to the Syrian opposition politically, economically and militarily. The Free Syrian Army received a steady stream of non-military assistance and then non-lethal military equipment and funding from several governments, including the United States, United Kingdom, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar, beginning in June 2012. Meanwhile, the Assad regime receives continued support from Russia, Iran and Hezbollah.
VII. Latest Developments:
On 20 December 2013, Joint Special Envoy Brahimi invited 30 states to a peace conference to be held in Geneva in January 2014. The conference brought members of the Syrian government and the opposition to the same table for the first time since the beginning of the crisis. There was very little progress in the talks, except for a humanitarian truce in the city of Homs. More than 1000 people were evacuated from the city during the truce, amid claims that the government had detained men attempting to flee. Talks floundered over the Syrian government's framing of the conflict as a fight against terrorism, while the opposition focused on the need to agree to a transitional governing body. Before and during talks both sides continued to press for better strategic conditions on the ground to strengthen their negotiating positions. On 31 January 2014, both parties left without agreeing to attend a third round of talks. Indications that President Assad may seek a third term in an upcoming 2014 election have decreased the likelihood for a third round of talks to go ahead.
On 22 February 2014, the Security Council broke its deadlock and unanimously passed Resolution 2139 to ensure access for humanitarian aid in Syria, urging all parties to lift sieges of populated areas, and condemning the use of barrel bombs and terrorist acts by Al Qaeda-linked organizations. However, the omission of sanctions has weakened the significance of the resolution. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is due to report back on the implementation of the resolution after 30 days.
While the US has encouraged the need for Assad to be removed from power, they have also begun to advocate that, should it be impossible to topple Assad, a gradual shift should occur in Syria. In January 2015 the Obama administration proposed that some members of the Assad regime may remain in order to better secure some type of political stability, with UN Special Envoy for Syria Staffan de Mistura saying that "new factors" should be taken into account, "such as ISIS". Local ceasefires have occurred in order to deliver basic aid to civilians, but none have been long-lasting.
(For details on the rise of the Islamic State click here)


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We're trying to get additional confirmation, but sources tell us that Sam Hoyt will be resigning his Assembly seat to go accept a job with the Cuomo administration. We'll update the site as more information trickles in.
UPDATE: It's confirmed. Sam Hoyt has resigned the Assembly seat he's held since 1993 and will be accepting a job with the Cuomo Administration at the Empire State Development Corporation. The now-vacant Assembly seat in A-144 will be filled by special election to be called by the governor. Names are already popping up, including City Councilman David Rivera, former Erie County Legislative counsel Sean Ryan, former State Senate candidate Sean Cooney and City Councilman Joe Golombek. The winner of the special election would serve through the end of 2012, and a regular election would be held in November of that year.
We're also hearing that this move is part of the same Erie County Democratic peacemaking that led to Len Lenihan's resignation from his county party chairmanship, and unity more or less across the Democratic ticket for 2011.
UPDATE 2: I'm hearing that Sean Ryan is the likely nominee, already determined as part of the Democratic detente between ECDC, City Hall, and Grassroots.
UPDATE 3: Sam Hoyt has issued a statement:
Date: June 30, 2011
Dear Friends:
Governor Cuomo has offered me an exciting and important opportunity within his administration, a senior position with the Empire State Development Corporation, about which more details will be available tomorrow. I have accepted his offer with enthusiasm, which necessarily means that I will also be stepping down after 19 years of service in the New York State Assembly. After the most productive legislative session I have experienced – both for me personally and the Legislature as a whole – I can hardly imagine a better moment to make this transition. The last few hours of this last session were by far the most thrilling I have been a part of in all of my years in the Assembly. I was proud to help Governor Cuomo pass key elements of his legislative agenda including SUNY 2020, the strongest property tax cap in the nation, and most historically, marriage equality for all New Yorkers, an issue I have advocated for years.
While the work of the Legislature will never be finished, this session marks the successful completion of many of the projects I have worked on throughout my career. One of my primary goals has always been revitalizing our upstate cities, with a focus, of course, on Buffalo. In the past three years, I have authored and passed into law three bills in particular that I believe will have a transformational impact on our upstate cities. They are the Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credit, the State's first Smart Growth law, and most recently the Land Bank bill that was passed by both houses just two weeks ago. These three pieces of legislation have the potential to make a significant impact on the repopulation and revitalization of Upstate New York.
Over the past 19 years, I have worked hard to represent the interests of the people of the 144th District, not just in Albany but here at home as well. For me, elected office has been about more than legislation alone. It has been about helping the people in my district when they need it the most, and about making Buffalo a better place to live and work. Over the years, that has meant things like helping protect and preserve the historic H. H. Richardson Complex, stopping the closure of Children's Hospital, and fighting for community-driven projects like the Jesse Kregal Bike Path along Scajacquada Creek and Black Rock Canal Park. It has also meant hours and hours of constituent service, helping the people of Western New York straighten out bureaucratic problems with Medicaid or unemployment insurance, lending a hand to block clubs in their efforts to clean up problem properties in their neighborhoods, and fighting to ensure that above all, the government works for the people.
Of course in my duties as a Legislator, I have also worked hard for my legislative successes. From the Protections for Health Care Workers Act to the Local Government Consolidation Law to Race to the Top education reform to the Main Street Grants Program and more, I have consistently fought for economic and social justice legislation that would benefit all New Yorkers. All of this work has culminated in the great accomplishments of this most recent legislative session.
It is no coincidence that the Legislature's most successful year coincides with Governor Cuomo's first year. I have long felt a sense of partnership with Governor Cuomo, indeed long before he was Governor. There has been no daylight between his priorities and my own. It has therefore not been difficult to conclude that the best way to advance those priorities further on behalf of Western New York and the entire state is to join his team.
I was first elected to the Assembly under sad circumstances – the seat opened upon the premature passing of my father, Bill Hoyt. My initial motivation was to continue the family legacy – that of both Bill and my mother, Carol of progressive leadership. During the ensuring two decades that motivation has married well with the needs and aspirations of the people of Buffalo and Grand Island, who I have had the honor to serve. And while I enter this new phase under much happier circumstances, those motivations will continue to inspire me every day I will be working for the most dynamic leader this State has seen in generations.
Although this moment marks the end of my career in the Assembly, it is far from a goodbye. More than anything else, every success attributed to me has been a team effort. I am so grateful for the many dedicated staff members I have had over the years who made enormous personal sacrifices to serve along side me to help improve the lives of the people of the 144th District. Both in Albany and throughout the district, they worked long hours behind the scenes on legislation, local projects, constituent service, and beyond. It is through their efforts that I was able to represent the interests of the people of Western New York, and for that I am thankful.
All of you have been my partners in so many of those efforts as well, and Governor Cuomo and I will continue to need your support going forward. The future has never looked brighter. I am grateful for this new opportunity to get to that bright future, and I am eternally grateful for your help, support and friendship in our shared goal of getting there together.

subset: commoncrawl


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Introducing FIELD/WORK Residency at Chicago Artists Coalition
CAC is delighted to announce the beginning of a new program for Chicago-based artists. The FIELD/WORK Residency is a 6-month educational program designed for artists wanting a deeper engagement in vital issues in professional development, critical feedback, and support in designing a pathway to progress with individual career goals. The 2016-2017 FIELD/WORK Residency runs from October 15, 2016 - April 10, 2017. Meetings take place on the 2nd and 4th Mondays of each month. Learn more and apply by September 25, 2016!
How to Talk to Pretty Much Anyone About Pretty Much Anything (ReadThink)
"It's as important now as it ever was to know how to break the ice, get to the point, make a connection, and frame a request." Check out Katie Burke's practical advice on breaking the ice and never talk about the weather again.
Cooking for Artists at the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation (New York Times Magazine)
"Some of these artists are doing really physical work in their field — sometimes it's like feeding a bunch of workmen. They're hungry." The Foundation's first chef-in-residence, Shuna Lydon, shares her creative process and what it's like to cook with a wide array of tropical fruit in Captiva Island.
Career-Propelling Money Advice for Creatives (99U)
"Just because (a creative business) is characterized as 'creative' doesn't mean that it should be fundamentally organized or run any differently than those in 'serious' fields like financial services and accounting." Matt McCue rounded up 99U's best tips for setting and collecting your rates, negotiating terms, and staying on top of the big financial picture.
Live the Life Book Launch (Gallery 400)
Jen Delos Reyes, Associate Director of the School of Art & Art History at the University of Illinois at Chicago, celebrates the launch of her new book, "I'm Going to Live the Life I Sing About In My Song: How Artists Make and Live Lives of Meaning" with a reading and conversation with Randall Szott at Gallery 400 on Thursday, August 11.
Teaching Artists Guild Quarterly Issue #5
"What's age got to do with it?" The Summer 2016 issue of TAG focuses on the theme Creative Aging and Teaching Artistry. The entire issue highlighting teaching artists working with older adults and other updates from the field is available online.
The Artist's Guide to Mental Health w/Alice Berry (Highwater)
Artist and clinical counselor Alice Berry discusses ways that artists can take an active role in their mental wellness on educator, media artist, and writer Chakka Reeves' weekly podcast.
Hunt for Colors with Pantone's New Eyedropper App (Hyperallergic)
"Users can share colors and palettes stored in their personal library directly into design software, on social media, or with friends, clients, and collaborators. In addition to the eyedropper tool, the app features a 'color studio' for mixing, testing, and visualizing hues on interiors, fabrics, and 3D materials." Carey Dunne introduces the Pantone Studio app.
Chicago-based nonprofit artist advocacy organization 3Arts compiled a helpful list of resources for artists interested in learning more about accessibility, funding, and professional development.
Have a resource to share? Email us at email@example.com.
Image: Jen Delos Reyes, "I'm Going to Live the Life I Sing About In My Song: How Artists Make and Live Lives of Meaning"


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"American Idol" contestant Chris Golightly is upset after being deemed "ineligible" to compete as one of the Top 24 semifinalists on the FOX reality competition.
Golightly initially made it through as one of the 24 semifinalists but was conspicuously missing from the end of Wednesday's episode.
FOX released a statement to Access, saying, "It has been determined that Chris Golightly is ineligible to continue in the competition. 'American Idol' contestant Tim Urban has replaced Golightly as part of the Top 24."
But why was Golightly booted from the competition?
"This is not fair; I don't know what to do," Golightly told USA Today Thursday morning. "Everything was fine when I made the Top 24."
Golightly claims that a former manager named Lawrence Franklin contacted 19 Entertainment claiming he was under a recording contract. He was then contacted by "Idol" and told that if he were indeed currently under a contract that he would be disqualified. Golightly then contacted Franklin reminding him that his contracted has ended a month prior to his "Idol" audition.
But the damage had been done.
Golightly told the paper that a day or two later he received a call from "American Idol" supervising producer Patrick Lynn saying he had been disqualified. This occurred the same day he and "Idol" producers allegedly received an email from his former manager explaining there had been a mix up and that he was, in fact, not under a contract.
At this point, his replacement Tim Urban had already been contacted and it was too far in the process to include Golightly.
"Since then, I've left them voicemails, but they've screened my calls," Golightly said. "They don't even answer me. Nobody."
Golightly claims an attorney for "Idol" contacted him on Wednesday night and said he was removed from the competition because he was not forthcoming about the contract.
A source close to "Idol" told Access on Thursday that Golightly wasn't disqualified because of his recording contract, but rather the fact that he failed to disclose it when producers asked him about any professional music experience during the audition rounds.
"But I went and looked this morning," Golightly continued, "and I said, 'No, I was not in a contract.' If he's trying to say that's what it was about, they're covering their a**."
Golightly told the paper he's not currently seeking legal action.
"I don't want nobody getting hurt," he said. "I just want the spot I earned."
The source noted that Golightly would never be allowed to audition for "Idol" again.
In other "Idol" controversy news, last month rumors swirled that semifinalist Mike Lynche had been booted from the FOX show after his father allegedly confirmed to a Florida newspaper his son had made it to the top 24. But on Thursday The New York Post reported that Lynche's father had only told the paper that he read his son had made it to the semifinals on the Internet, and he was not revealing any first-hand information.
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
VIEW THE PHOTOS: 'American Idol' Season 9
PLAY IT NOW: Access Archives: At Home With Simon Cowell (2002)
PLAY IT NOW: Eager Ellen On The Eve Of Her 'Idol' Experience
MORE ACCESS ON THESE TOPICS: American Idol - News - TV - Music - Rumors


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Sales Booster
Create explosive sales growth with the sales tips and techniques you'll learn from this interactive sales course.
Það sem þú lærir
At the completion of this course, you will be able to: Present alternative solutions to build win-win outcomes. Communicate added value to create a competitive advantage. Align solutions with the actions and agendas of the other party.
Af hverju er það mikilvægt
The vast majority of salespeople out there are doing it tough, because they have had no training. They don't know, what they don't know! Sales training is needed for the experienced salesperson, looking to further grow in their profession and for those new to sales, wondering how to make a success of this career path.
Skrá mig á þetta námskeið
Salespeople should never imagine that technical knowledge or product knowledge is a substitute for professionalism in sales. Salespeople concentrating solely on "hard skills" will fail. Of course technical knowledge is required but importantly, soft skills are the key to getting the client's agreement to do business.
Dagsetningar væntanlegra námskeiða
言語: 日本語, Language: Japanese 場所: 東京 Tokyo


text:
No products
M - F: 9:00 am - 6:00 pm S : 9:00am - 2:00pm
By buying this product you can collect up to 5 loyalty points. Your cart will total 5 points that can be converted into a voucher of 1,00 RON.
A very elegant battery, Lady in Red model with 5 click protection system.
Capacity: 1100 mAh.
Famous Tech
This product is no longer in stock
Warning: Last items in stock!
Availability date:
1100 mAh rechargeable battery,with black button and white light button (stop system that protects against accidental triggering pocket: press the button battery 5 times in 2 seconds to stop and start the same operation).
Battery Voltage: 3.7V
More colors avaialble.
- Real capacity 1100mAh
- Activation button
- Rechargeable
- Lithium-ion technology
- Sealed against fluid flow atomizer in battery
- Depending on / off battery
Charging time: approx. 3.5 hours
- Length: 96mm
- Diameter: 14mm
- The average use per charge: 36 hours
- Deactivation / reactivation button battery needs to be pressed it 5 times faster in a period of 2 seconds (5 clicks).


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Have you been to the GAP lately?
I don't know when I last went to the GAP – it's really been so long ago that I don't remember. A friend said to me recently have you been to the GAP lately, you really should go. I knew that Rebekka Bay launched COS in 2006 and had joined GAP in October 2012 but that Gap Inc.Continue reading


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Skip to Content
New information following the change in COVID-19 alert levels. massey.ac.nz/coronavirus
Further your professional development by exploring the latest developments and changes in education.
Find out more about entry requirements, fees and courses in the planning section.
With a Postgraduate Certificate in Education you'll learn to apply theory and research, and better understand the complex dimensions of current educational issues, practices and/or policies. You'll learn to reflect on research, and demonstrate skill in analysis, synthesis and evaluation of teaching and learning.
Massey uses an enquiry-based and interprofessional learning model that results in best-practice learning and teaching experiences and student learning outcomes.
You'll benefit from a range of distance and blended-learning delivery options that provide flexible learning options regardless of your location. Learn from highly qualified, well-regarded teachers who are supportive and provide a high level of pastoral care.
You can study a broad range of areas including:
Massey is ranked in the world's top 150 universities for education in the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) ranking.
Please note that the Postgraduate Certificate in Education does not qualify you to be a teacher in New Zealand. If you want to be a teacher, you will also need to take a postgraduate teaching qualification. Please explore your options in our education pathways tool.
You'll enhance and advance your career, depending on your specialisation, in areas such as:
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As database professionals, we have a need to benchmark performance of the database, processes, and essentially overall performance. When benchmarking, it is preferable to get a baseline and then run the same benchmark tests on a periodic basis and compare those results to the baseline.
Recently I was reminded of a couple of tools that should be in every DB Professionals vocabulary and tool set. Each one is used for a different purpose. Those tools are:
CPU-Z is a freeware app that helps you gather information about motherboard, CPU, and memory. It helps you to determine processor usage and if you are running your hardware at an optimal level.
TPC-E simulates the OLTP workload. It is designed to be representative of OLTP systems and is scalable.
Both of these tools can be of great use to the database professional. Check them out and see what you can learn by using them.


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The public rehabilitation of disgraced author James Frey is slated to begin May 13. That's the day Bright Shiny Morning, a novel, hits bookstores nationwide in what he and his publisher undoubtedly hope will be a well-received comeback.
That Tuesday in May also will mark the first time most reviewers and booksellers will crack open the book, if the strategy HarperCollins is employing is successful. Relatively few review copies or galleys are being released to the press or to booksellers before its official publication date. Prospective buyers of the new book by the author of A Million Little Pieces (Nan A. Talese, 2003) and My Friend Leonard (Riverhead Books, 2005) have been able to judge the novel only by its cover—a photograph of an empty park bench at sunset in what looks to be Los Angeles by renowned artist (and Frey friend) Richard Prince.
"The book has been kept under lock and key for the simple reason that James, in addition to having millions of devoted fans, has a dedicated group of Frey-haters," says Eric Simonoff, the author's agent. Simonoff, whose roster of clients at Janklow & Nesbit include Jhumpa Lahiri, ZZ Packer, and Bill O'Reilly, singled out Gawker .com as a nest of vitriolic Frey-hating: "Neither we nor the publisher wanted the book reviewed online months before publication."
"There will be a limited amount of review copies at a time to be determined," HarperCollins director of publicity Tina Andreadis said on the phone from her office. She was quick to point out that the "controlled release" strategy is not an embargo, and that some "select booksellers" have already received galleys of the book.
Despite its relatively low profile, the book has nonetheless been enjoying brisk business already, with early orders moving it up to number 277 on Amazon's sales rankings as of early March. "Again (and again and again), thank you," Frey wrote on his Web site, BigJimIndustries.com.
Although HarperCollins does list Bright Shiny Morning as a forthcoming title, there is no additional information on the publisher's Web site regarding the book or its author. As for a publicity tour, it isn't mentioned on the site, but Andreadis has confirmed that there will be an eight-city tour that includes Portland, Oregon; Seattle; and Philadelphia, with launch parties in Los Angeles and in New York City. The publisher has announced an initial print run of 350,000 copies.
Whether the new book and tour will change Frey's public image remains to be seen. "People will buy the book because they want to continue the freak show," says Jessa Crispin, editor of the online literary magazine Bookslut. "They're curious. If you strip him of his bad-boy, hard-core persona, what's left over? My guess is not much."
The new spate of well-publicized authorial fabrications seems to have sparked more interest in Frey. In late February, Belgian author Misha Defonseca admitted to fabricating the story of survival she tells in Misha: A Mémoire of the Holocaust Years (Mount Ivy Press, 1997); in March it was revealed that Margaret B. Jones—whose memoir Love and Consequences (Riverhead Books, 2008) describes her experiences as a half-white, half-Native American foster child running drugs for the Bloods in South Central Los Angeles—was in fact Margaret Seltzer, an all-white native of the well-to-do Sherman Oaks section of Los Angeles.
But the exposure of a growing number of memoirists as liars has done little to assuage some readers' hurt feelings at having been deceived by Frey's fabrications in particular. "Yes, other people have lied in their memoirs," Bookslut's Crispin says. "That doesn't make what he did less of a lie."
Daniel Nester is the author of God Save My Queen and God Save My Queen II, both published by Soft Skull Press. He is currently at work on "Cousin Mike: A Memoir."


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Pan-African Graduation set for June 3
The Pan-African Graduation ceremony, which celebrates the achievements of graduates from the African Diaspora, will be held at 5:30 p.m. Sunday, June 3, in Richardson Auditorium, Alexander Hall. The event, inaugurated by students last year, also reflects on the unique cultural experiences of students from Africa, the Caribbean, Latin America and the United States.
The ceremony's theme is "Sankofa," a West African custom that means "going forward while looking backward." The keynote address will be delivered by Karen Jackson-Weaver, a 1994 Princeton alumna and executive director of the New Jersey Amistad Commission, which works to integrate black history into the state school system. The ceremony also will include a presentation of kente stoles to graduates as well as musical and religious elements drawn from different Pan-African traditions.
The Pan-African Graduation is open to the public. Anyone interested in attending should RSVP by Friday, May 25, to firstname.lastname@example.com or call (609) 258-5494 with questions.


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Welcome to Calendar Club Canada!
Show off your true colors with the ALEX Toys Spa Hair Chalk Salon Craft Kit. Add temporary streaks of color using the colorful chalk pens on your hair. Create a fashion statement using the special tools to add beads and finish your designer hair do. Apply pen color on dry hair. Color is removed with shampoo. Includes 5 washable chalk pens, 24 beads, beading tool, comb, hair elastics and easy instructions. A fun activity for parties and girls night out or in .


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Frequent Links
Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell)
|Captain Marvel
Captain Marvel #29 (November 1973).
Art by Jim Starlin.
|Publication information
|Marvel Comics
|First appearance
|Marvel Super-Heroes #12 (December 1967)
|Created by
Stan Lee
Gene Colan
|In-story information
|Full name
|Team affiliations
Defenders (associate)
Avengers (honorary member),
Legion of the Unliving
|Notable aliases
|Dr. Walter Lawson
Superhuman strength
Cosmic Awareness
Solar energy absorption & projection
Wields Nega-Bands
Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell) is a fictional superhero who appears in comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and designed by artist Gene Colan and first appeared in Marvel Super-Heroes #12 (December 1967).
The character debuted during the Silver Age of comic books and has made many appearances since then, including a self-titled series and the second volume of the Marvel Spotlight series. Captain Marvel has also been associated with Marvel merchandise including clothing, video games, toys, and trading cards.
Publication history
From 1940 to 1953 Fawcett Comics published comics featuring their popular character Captain Marvel, and thus held the trademark to the name "Captain Marvel". Fawcett ceased publishing the comics in 1953 due to a 1951 copyright infringement suit from DC Comics, and their trademark ostensibly lapsed. Taking advantage of this situation, Marvel debuted its new Captain Marvel character in 1967 and quickly trademarked the name.[1] Marvel was not the first company to try to capitalize on Fawcett's lapsed trademark; in 1966 the small publisher M. F. Enterprises released a short-lived Captain Marvel series.[2]
Marvel's character debuted as the lead feature in Marvel Super-Heroes #12 (December 1967), written by Stan Lee and illustrated by Gene Colan.[3] Although usually credited as co-creator, Colan had no involvement with Captain Marvel's conception, and in fact has voiced an intense dislike for the character and especially his original white-and-green costume: "It was awful - just an imitation of any of the other costumed characters I'd ever done."[4]
Shortly thereafter, Captain Marvel was given his own series, commencing with Captain Marvel #1 (May 1968). These appearances established Captain Marvel, or "Mar-Vell", as an alien of the Kree race who had come to earth as a spy before coming to identify with his human neighbors.[1] The series failed to register with readers, and was revamped by writer-artist team Roy Thomas and Gil Kane in issue #17 (October 1969).[5] The character was given a new uniform, designed by Kane and colorist Michelle Robinson, and greater abilities. An added plot feature was the introduction of sidekick Rick Jones. Jones and Marvel "shared molecules" allowing only one to exist in the real world at a time. Thomas stated that the intent of the change was to create a more science-fiction oriented update that was reminiscent of Fawcett Comics's original Captain Marvel, who similarly had an alter-ego that could not co-exist with the superhero.[6]
The change, however, was not successful, and the series was published only intermittently from 1969.[1] It was initially canceled with issue #21 (August 1970), though the character appeared in the Kree-Skrull War storyline in Avengers #89 - 97 (June 1971 - March 1972), also written by Thomas. The Captain Marvel series recommenced with issue #22 (September 1972). Plotter and artist Jim Starlin decided to revamp the character with issue #25 (March 1973).[7] Comics historian Les Daniels noted that "In a brief stint with Marvel, which included work on two characters [Captain Marvel and Adam Warlock] that had previously never quite made their mark, Starlin managed to build a considerable cult following."[8] A spin-off series, Ms. Marvel, was launched in 1977, but sales remained modest, and the series was published on only a bimonthly basis until it was ultimately canceled in 1979.[1] The continued publication, however, kept the trademark current. This had the effect of requiring DC Comics, which in the meantime licensed the original Fawcett Captain Marvel for publication, to print its new comics under the trademark Shazam!.[9] Comics historian Don Markstein states, "Marvel didn't seem to quite know what to do with him—but they did put his comic out every other month through most of the 1970s, if only to maintain their trademark on his name."[1] Mar-Vell appeared in five issues of Marvel Spotlight vol. 2 in 1979 and 1980.[10] Starlin wrote Mar-Vell's death in Marvel's first graphic novel, The Death of Captain Marvel (1982).[11]
Following the character's death, Marvel published several comics with new characters taking up the "Captain Marvel" moniker, thereby maintaining their trademark on the name.[1] The character returned, although not in a living capacity, in storylines in Silver Surfer vol. 3 #63 (March 1992) and Captain Marvel vol. 5, #5 (March 2003). The limited series Captain Marvel vol. 6, #1-5 (January-June 2008) was released as part of the 2008 "Secret Invasion" storyline and supposedly heralded the return of the character, although it was eventually revealed that this "Mar-Vell" was an alien Skrull.
Mar-Vell was one of the featured characters in the 2011 three-issue limited series Chaos War: Dead Avengers.
Fictional character biography
After the Kree's first encounter with humans,[12] Captain Mar-Vell is sent to spy on Earth and decide if it is a threat to the Kree empire.[3][13] He adopts the identity of a recently deceased scientist named Walter Lawson, but occasionally dons his Kree military uniform to protect the people he's observing. The first time he does this, people hear him incorrectly pronounce his name as "Captain Marvel." His job is made difficult by his jealous commanding officer, Colonel Yon-Rogg, his growing affection for humanity, and his fake identity's criminal past.
After aiding humanity several times, Mar-Vell is found guilty of treason against the Kree Empire and sentenced to death by firing squad. Mar-Vell escapes in a stolen rocket, but becomes lost in space. After drifting for 112 days, he is weak and on the verge of madness. He is manipulated by Ronan the Accuser and Kree Minister Zarek into helping them overthrow the Supreme Intelligence. To better help them, Mar-Vell is given a new costume and enhanced abilities. After the conspiracy is foiled, Mar-Vell tries to return to Earth. On the way, he is hit by a blast of radiation that traps him in the Negative Zone.[14]
The Supreme Intelligence enables Mar-Vell to telepathically contact Rick Jones, which he uses to lead Jones to a set of "nega-bands" at an abandoned Kree base. When Jones puts on the bands and strikes them together, he trades places with Mar-Vell and is encased in a protective aura in the Negative Zone. The pair discover they are able to maintain telepathic contact. Using this method, Mar-Vell can remain in the positive universe for a period of three hours.[5][15]
After brief encounters with the villain Scorpio[16] and the Hulk[17][18] Jones uses Mister Fantastic's portal to the Negative Zone to free Mar-Vell, who then becomes embroiled in the Kree-Skrull War. As a result of the war, Jones was left near death and Mar-Vell re-merged with Jones in order to save his life.[19]
Mar-Vell's consciousness began to resurface weeks later as Jones's body became unable to house both his own and Mar-Vell's life energy. Photon ray treatments by a Professor Savannah stabilized the situation and brought Mar-Vell's body and consciousness to the surface.[20] After battling the atomic-powered Megaton, Mar-Vell is trapped in the Negative Zone once again until released by Jones via the nega-bands.[20][21]
Mar-Vell aids the Avengers against the Grim Reaper and the Space Phantom.[22] Mar-Vell allies himself with Mentor and Eros against the death worshipper Thanos and his forces in a war for the Cosmic Cube.[7][23][24][25] Seeing the magnitude of the threat, the cosmic entity Kronos aids them by creating Drax the Destroyer, whose sole purpose is to kill Thanos.[26] Another cosmic being, Eon, transforms Mar-Vell into the "Protector of the Universe." This provides the hero with new abilities, including "cosmic awareness."[27] Thanos gains the Cube and uses it to make himself omnipotent. Thanos' spirit leaves his body, and Mar-Vell uses the opportunity to shatter the Cube, which was still in Thanos' hand. This undoes Thanos's actions.[28][29]
Mar-Vell teams with Spider-Man to battle the Basilisk[30] and later encounters a new villain named Nitro. While defusing a bomb placed by Nitro, Mar-Vell is exposed to a powerful nerve gas called "Compound 13." Mar-Vell collapses due to the exposure, but recovers when given an antidote. The gas, however, would eventually prove to be carcinogenic and cause Mar-Vell to develop cancer.[31][32] Mar-Vell investigates Nitro's allies, who are revealed to be the Kree "Lunatic Legion," leading to a series of protracted battles and the eventual trial of the cosmic entity the Watcher for constant involvement in Earth's affairs.[33] After ending the threat and aiding the Watcher, Mar-Vell briefly separates from Jones and has an encounter with a space parasite that assumes the form of former lover Una.[34]
Mar-Vell travels to the Kree homeworld of Hala, and through a protracted series of events that almost kills Rick Jones, frees himself from the manipulation of the Supreme Intelligence. During this period Mar-Vell also encounters the cosmic entity the Stranger.[35] Returning to Earth, Mar-Vell encounters stranded Kree scientists who attempt to retrieve an inactive Kree Sentry located on the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier. This proves unsuccessful when the Sentry activates but fails to follow direction, going on a rampage. A new villain called the Cheetah attempts to manipulate the Sentry, although both are eventually defeated by Mar-Vell. The hero locates the Kree scientists, and briefly battles Ronan the Accuser, who was left with the mind of a child after a previous encounter.[36]
Rick Jones is visiting Avengers Mansion when the robotic villain the Super-Adaptoid attacks. During a battle with the Avengers, Jones trades places with Mar-Vell, with the Super-Adaptoid eventually mimicking Mar-Vell's Nega-Bands. Mar-Vell then brings the Super-Adaptoid's pseudo bands together, exiling the robot to the Negative Zone and freeing Jones.[37] Mar-Vell bids Jones farewell and encounters Mercurio the 4-D Man, who tricks Mar-Vell into returning to his home dimension, hoping to coerce the hero into building the Omni-Wave Projector. Mar-Vell, however, defeats Mercurio and returns to Earth.[38]
Mar-Vell continues to have dealings with the Kree, preventing scientist Doctor Minerva from killing Rick Jones and battling High Council member Phae-Dor[39] before travelling to Hala and, with King of the Inhumans Blackagar Boltagon ("Black Bolt") as his ally, preventing the "War of the Three Galaxies" by exposing a Skrull infiltrator.[40] After another encounter with Nitro,[41] Mar-Vell briefly attempts to adopt the Walter Lawson identity once again and works at an observatory. This plan is abandoned when forced to become Mar-Vell to stop an energy vampire named "Deathgrip."[42][43] After an encounter with the Thunder God Thor,[44] Mar-Vell is forced to fight off Drax, who has been driven insane due to being unable to fulfill his purpose and kill Thanos.[45] Eventually convincing Drax to aid him, Mar-Vell enters into a war against ISAAC, the sentient computer that served Thanos and now directs his forces. After a series of protracted battles, Mar-Vell convinces ISAAC's female minion Elysius to join him, causing her to fall in love with Mar-Vell; he subsequently defeats ISAAC's other pawns Chaos and Tarterus and the warrior Stellarax on Earth.[46][47][48][49] Mar-Vell eventually defeats ISAAC by entering the supercomputer's programming and forcing it to experience life.[10][50][51] Mar-Vell meets Eon once again and reflects on the events of recent times.[10][52]
After a battle in the mystical "Dark Dimension";[10][53] an encounter with the Hulk[54] and an adventure on an alien world,[10][55] Mar-Vell discovers that his past exposure to the "Compound 13" nerve gas[31] gave him cancer. Compounding the problem are Mar-Vell's nega-bands, which keep the cancer at bay but also cause it to resist all known forms of treatment, and lack of access to the Kree Empire's medical experts since the Kree consider Mar-Vell a traitor. As Mar-Vell accepts that his life is ending, many of his friends and allies come to Titan to pay their last respects. Even his mortal enemies the Skrulls send an envoy to bestow a medal on Mar-Vell to honor him as their greatest foe. In his final moments, Mar-Vell experiences a vision in which he meets Thanos once again. Thanos has come not as a foe, but as a guide to show Mar-Vell the path to the afterlife. As he, Thanos, and Mistress Death pass into a blinding light, Mar-Vell dies.[11][56]
His spirit was later called forth by the Grandmaster as a part of the Legion of the Unliving to battle the Avengers.[57]
When the Silver Surfer visits the Realm of the Dead, the character is counselled and aided in his escape by someone who appears to be Mar-Vell but is later revealed to be a manifestation of the selfless heroic ideal that is part of the Surfer's own psyche.[58][59] Mar-Vell's former lover Elysius also impregnates herself with his genetic information, giving birth to a son, Genis-Vell.
When Death declares Thanos to be forever barred from her realm and that she will never love him, Thanos uses the Reality Gem to restore Mar-Vell. They discuss Thanos' ability to make Death love him with the Reality Gem, and Mar-Vell convinces him not to do it. Thanos agrees, and returns Mar-Vell to death.[60]
Visiting the Realm of the Dead, Genis encounters his father.[61] He learns Elysius also gave birth to a girl, Phyla-Vell.[62] The Young Avengers member Hulkling is revealed to be the child of Mar-Vell and Princess Anelle of the Skrulls.[63][64]
During the 2010-2011 "Chaos War" storyline, Mar-Vell and several deceased members of the Avengers return from the dead. He takes leadership of the group, helping protect several civilians and the comatose bodies of the main Avengers from chaos demons.[65] He is impaled from behind by the Grim Reaper and is killed once more.[66]
During the 2012 "Avengers vs. X-Men" storyline, Kree mystics appear to have resurrected Mar-Vell, using a piece of the M'Kraan Crystal in conjunction with the Phoenix Force. The resurrected Captain Marvel is deployed to act as a pawn against the Avengers and in defense of the Phoenix Force. He is shown collaborating with Ms. Marvel and Protector, announcing that they must "Destroy the Avengers".[67] Mar-Vell, Ms. Marvel, and the Protector battle the Avengers while under mental influence. The Vision begins to free members of the Kree by countering the mind control, but the Kree are executed.[68] The Vision then freed Mar-Vell, Ms. Marvel and the Protector from control. It turns out that Mar-Vell had a blue-skinned Kree nephew who lived in disgrace due to the Mar-Vell name being disgraced by Mar-Vell siding with Earth against the Kree long ago. This nephew was named Minister Marvel and his son had the power to influence and control minds. Minister Marvel's plan was to have the Phoenix evolve the Kree race and take credit for it thus redeeming the name Mar-Vell. Reviving Captain Mar-Vell was part of his plan as he needed a messianic figure to help rally and influence the Kree. Upon seeing his plan fail, Minister Marvel killed his son then killed himself in front of Mar-Vell. The Avengers then confront the Phoenix Force as it approaches the Kree homeworld. Thor and Ms. Marvel fail to stop it and even though Captain Britain was holding the Phoenix at bay, Mar-Vell sensed the truth of the situation. The Phoenix Force was coming to the Kree world to reclaim the Phoenix energy within Mar-Vell's body that brought him back to life and put his cancer into stasis. He sends Captain Britain away and sacrifices himself to save the Kree race that shunned him by allowing the Phoenix Force to reclaim its energies. The process left Mar-Vell adrift in space and his lifeless body was later seen on the planet with plant life suddenly growing around it. Ms. Marvel reports all this in the Avengers log and decides that the name of Captain Marvel must continue.[69]
Powers and abilities
Upon his arrival on Earth, Mar-Vell possessed no superhuman (or super-Kree) powers apart from being stronger and more durable than most humans due to his advanced Kree physiology; the Kree have evolved with higher physical-strength levels than humans to combat the heavier gravitations of their home planets. As a soldier, the character is equipped with a device called a "universal beam" (or "uni-beam," at first a handheld pistol but later converted into a wrist-mounted device) that is capable of projecting energy; emitting beams of pure blackness and controlling magnetism.
When manipulated by "Zo" (actually Zarek, the Kree Imperial Minister), Mar-Vell gained the ability to teleport to anywhere in the universe, as well as the ability to mentally project illusions.[70][71] These abilities were lost when Mar-Vell gained the Nega-Bands,[15] which convert Mar-Vell's psionic energy into greater strength, durability, and the power to fly at faster-than-light speeds and traverse vast interstellar and intergalactic distances and enable him to exist unprotected in deep outer space without having to breathe.
Following the photon ray treatments, Mar-Vell was able to absorb solar energy to further increase his strength. After his encounter with Eon he began to use his solar energy to fly, leaving a sparkling trail in his wake.
Once he is named the "Protector of the Universe" by Eon, Mar-Vell gains "cosmic awareness," which (among other things) allows him to detect threats and perceive changes in the universe as long as they are important to him for some reason.[27] This awareness can also be used internally, which alerted him to his terminal cancer even before he went to have it medically confirmed.[56]
Mar-Vell's Kree military training gives him mastery of all forms of unarmed combat and extensive knowledge of the technology of the Kree Empire.
Other versions
The Ultimate Marvel miniseries Ultimate Secret features a version of the character called Mahr Vehl, who aids Earth's heroes against the threat of Gah Lak Tus.[72]
In the Earth X miniseries, Mar-Vell is reincarnated as the child of synthetic beings Him (Adam Warlock) and Her.[73]
In The Thanos Imperative, the main antagonist is Lord Mar-Vell, an evil being from the "Cancerverse", a monstrous universe in which nothing can die. As such, all life has become cancerous undying beings, desperate to find a new universe to grow and infect.[74]
In Warren Ellis's Ruins, reporter Phil Sheldon travels across a version of the Marvel Universe where everything went wrong. In Nevada, he visits America's Kree Concentration Camp, placed deliberately at the site of America's early nuclear projects resulting in all the Kree developing cancer from the radiation. Sheldon interviews Mar-Vell, who was aboard the Kree spaceships that were sent to "liberate" Earth. Their cloaking arrays were deactivated when reacting to the radiation emitting from the mutilated corpse of the Silver Surfer, and as a result were exposed to the Earth. Working in unison, the Earth governments bombarded the ships with nuclear missiles killing nine-tenths of all Kree aboard the ships, the survivors of which were locked in the Nevada camp. The few children born alive at the camp are not told of their elder's failures. Mar-Vell, who had previously argued against the invasion, now regards humans with complete and utter hatred, calling them "retarded little pink monkeys", and has now lost all respect from his fellow species for standing for earth's self-determination.[75]
In other media
- Captain Marvel appears in The Super Hero Squad Show two-part episode "Another Order of Evil", voiced by Ty Burrell. He is established as Ms. Marvel's boyfriend.
- Mar-Vell appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes episodes "459", "Welcome to the Kree Empire", "Assault on 42", "Operation: Galactic Storm", and "Live Kree or Die", voiced by Roger Craig Smith. In this story, he is a xenobiologist who came to Earth to investigate a genetic anomaly, pretending to be a human named Philip Lawson but ended up intrigued by humanity (and implicitly in love with Carol Danvers). When a Kree robot came to evaluate Earth's threat to the Kree, he sacrificed his false identity to save Carol, Wasp and Ant-Man, and in so doing accidentally duplicated some Kree powers to Carol. He assisted the Avengers in destroying the robot, nearly dying in the process, and left for the Kree homeworld to bargain on humanity's behalf. He was not successful, since the Kree later invaded, and Mar-Vell begged the Avengers to peacefully surrender, believing it to be Earth's only hope for survival. He was imprisoned along with Ronan the Accuser in Prison 42. Later he accompanied the Avengers to the Kree Empire in a last-ditch effort to intervene on humanity's behalf, and after the destruction of the Supreme Intelligence, he became the new Kree leader.
Video games
- Captain Marvel is a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online.
- Captain Marvel is a playable character in the PSP version of Marvel: Ultimate Alliance.
- Mar-Vell is playable as an enhanced costume for the Ms. Marvel character in Marvel Heroes 2015.
- The Toy Biz produced Marvel Select and Hasbro produced Marvel Legends, Marvel Super Hero Squad, and Marvel Universe action figure lines all feature Mar-Vell figures.
- The Lord Mar-Vell version of Captain Marvel was a playable character in the Galactic Guardians set of Marvel Heroclix.[76]
Collected editions
- Marvel Masterworks Captain Marvel:
- Volume 1 collects Marvel Super-Heroes #12-13, Captain Marvel #1-9, and Not Brand Ecch #9, 230 pages, September 2005, ISBN 978-0785118213
- Volume 2 collects Captain Marvel #10-21, 272 pages, August 2007, ISBN 978-0785124306
- Volume 3 collects Captain Marvel #22-33 and Iron Man #55, 288 pages, April 2008, ISBN 978-0785130154
- Volume 4 collects Captain Marvel #34-43, 248 pages, January 2012, ISBN 978-0785158776
- Essential Captain Marvel:
- Volume 1 collects Marvel Super-Heroes #12-13, Captain Marvel #1-21, and Not Brand Ecch #9, 512 pages, July 2008, ISBN 978-0785130598
- Volume 2 collects Captain Marvel #22-35, #37-46, Iron Man #55, Marvel Feature #12, 520 pages, December 2010, ISBN 978-0785145363
- The Life of Captain Marvel collects Iron Man #55, Captain Marvel #25-34, and Marvel Feature #12, 256 pages, October 1991, ISBN 978-0871356352
- The Life and Death of Captain Marvel collects Iron Man #55, Captain Marvel #25-34, Marvel Feature #12, and Marvel Graphic Novel #1, 304 pages, June 2002, ISBN 978-0785108375
- The Death of Captain Marvel collects Captain Marvel #34, Marvel Spotlight #1-2 and Marvel Graphic Novel #1, 128 pages, June 2010, ISBN 978-0785146278
- ^ a b c d e f Markstein, Don (2010). "Captain Marvel (1967)". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 9, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ Markstein, Don (2010). "Captain Marvel (1966)". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 9, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ a b DeFalco, Tom; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). "1960s". Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. Dorling Kindersley. p. 125. ISBN 978-0756641238.
Captain Mar-Vell was a Kree warrior sent to spy on Earth, by Stan Lee and artist Gene Colan.
- ^ Field, Tom (2005). Secrets in the Shadows: The Art & Life of Gene Colan. TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 78. ISBN 978-1893905450.
- ^ a b DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 138: "Rick Jones...became bonded to Captain Mar-Vell thanks to Roy Thomas and artist Gil Kane."
- ^ Herman, Daniel (2002). Gil Kane: Art and Interviews. Hermes Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-0971031166.
- ^ a b Sanderson, Peter "1970s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 159: "In March [1973], the first of artist Jim Starlin's many sagas of the Marvel heroes' wars against Thanos began."
- ^ Daniels, Les (1991). Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics. Harry N. Abrams. p. 162. ISBN 9780810938212.
- ^ Markstein, Don (2010). "Captain Marvel (1940)". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 9, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e Buttery, Jarrod (April 2014). "Ready For The Spotlight". Back Issue! (TwoMorrows Publishing) (71): 11.
- ^ a b DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 207: "This title by Jim Starlin was the first of a new series of Marvel Graphic Novels. Running between forty-eight and ninety-six pages, these paperback books were an attempt to compete with the European-style graphic albums."
- ^ Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Sinnott, Joe (i). "The Sentry Sinister!" Fantastic Four 64 (July 1967)
- ^ Lee, Stan (w), Colan, Gene (p), Giacoia, Frank (i). "The Coming of Captain Marvel!" Marvel Super-Heroes 12 (December 1967)
- ^ Goodwin, Archie (w), Heck, Don (p), Shores, Syd (i). "Behind The Mask Of Zo!" Captain Marvel 16 (September 1969)
- ^ a b Thomas, Roy (w), Kane, Gil (p), Adkins, Dan (i). "And A Child Shall Lead You!" Captain Marvel 17 (October 1969)
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Grainger, Sam (i). "Did You Hear the One About Scorpio?" The Avengers 72 (January 1970)
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Kane, Gil (p), Adkins, Dan (i). "The Hunter And The Holocaust!" Captain Marvel 20 (June 1970)
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Kane, Gil (p), Adkins, Dan (i). "Here Comes The Hulk!" Captain Marvel 21 (August 1970)
- ^ Thomas, Roy; Buscema, Sal, Adams, Neal, Buscema, John (2000). Avengers: The Kree-Skrull War. Marvel Comics. p. 208. ISBN 978-0785107453.
- ^ a b Conway, Gerry (w), Boring, Wayne (p), Giacoia, Frank (i). "To Live Again!" Captain Marvel 22 (September 1972)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv (w), Boring, Wayne (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Death At The End Of The World!" Captain Marvel 23 (November 1972)
- ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Heck, Don (p), Cockrum, Dave; Sinnott, Joe (i). "Check and Mate" The Avengers 108 (February 1973)
- ^ Friedrich, Mike (w), Starlin, Jim (p), Stone, Chic (i). "A Taste of Madness!" Captain Marvel 25 (March 1973)
- ^ Starlin, Jim; Friedrich, Mike (w), Starlin, Jim (p), Cockrum, Dave (i). "Betrayal!" Captain Marvel 26 (May 1973)
- ^ Starlin, Jim; Friedrich, Mike (w), Starlin, Jim (p), Marcos, Pablo (i). "Trapped On Titan!" Captain Marvel 27 (July 1973)
- ^ Starlin, Jim; Friedrich, Mike (w), Starlin, Jim (p), Esposito, Mike (i). "Beware the Blood Brothers" Iron Man 55 (February 1973)
- ^ a b Starlin, Jim (w), Starlin, Jim (p), Milgrom, Al (i). "Metamorphosis!" Captain Marvel 29 (November 1973)
- ^ Starlin, Jim; Englehart, Steve (w), Starlin, Jim (p), Janson, Klaus (i). "The God Himself!" Captain Marvel 33 (July 1974)
- ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Buscema, John; Cockrum, Dave (p), Cockrum, Dave (i). "The Power of Babel!" The Avengers 125 (July 1974)
- ^ Manning, Matthew K.; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2012). "1970s". Spider-Man Chronicle Celebrating 50 Years of Web-Slinging. Dorling Kindersley. p. 71. ISBN 978-0756692360.
Armed with fantastic vision blasts, the [Basilisk] accidentally crossed paths with both Spidey and...Captain Marvel.
- ^ a b Starlin, Jim; Englehart, Steve (w), Starlin, Jim (p), Abel, Jack (i). "Blown Away!" Captain Marvel 34 (September 1974)
- ^ Englehart, Steve; Friedrich, Mike (w), Alcala, Alfredo (p), Alcala, Alfredo (i). "Deadly Genesis!" Captain Marvel 35 (November 1974)
- ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Janson, Klaus (i). "The Trial Of The Watcher" Captain Marvel 39 (July 1975)
- ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Milgrom, Al (p), McWilliams, Al (i). "Rocky Mountain 'Bye!" Captain Marvel 40 (September 1975)
- ^ Englehart, Steve (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Giacoia, Frank; Esposito, Mike; Wrightson, Bernie (i). "Shoot-Out At The O.K. Space Station!" Captain Marvel 42 (January 1976)
- ^ Edelman, Scott (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Austin, Terry; Milgrom, Al (i). "Asylum Earth!" Captain Marvel 49 (March 1977)
- ^ Edelman, Scott (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Austin, Terry (i). "To Begin Anew!" Captain Marvel 50 (May 1977)
- ^ Edelman, Scott (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Austin, Terry (i). "'Til Death Do Us Part!" Captain Marvel 51 (July 1977)
- ^ Edelman, Scott (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Austin, Terry (i). "Captain Marvel.. Wanted!" Captain Marvel 52 (September 1977)
- ^ Edelman, Scott (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Austin, Terry (i). "The War Of The Three Galaxies!" Captain Marvel 53 (November 1977)
- ^ Edelman, Scott (w), Tuska, George; Cockrum, Dave (p), Austin, Terry (i). "The Big Bang Theory" Captain Marvel 54 (January 1978)
- ^ Edelman, Scott (w), Broderick, Pat (p), Wiacek, Bob (i). "Beneath The Mask...A Man!" Captain Marvel 55 (March 1978)
- ^ Moench, Doug (w), Broderick, Pat (p), Wiacek, Bob (i). "Survival Quest!" Captain Marvel 56 (May 1978)
- ^ McKenzie, Roger (w), Broderick, Pat (p), Wiacek, Bob; Austin, Terry (i). "Star Burst" Captain Marvel 57 (July 1978)
- ^ Moench, Doug (w), Broderick, Pat (p), McLeod, Bob (i). "A Destroyer--Denied!" Captain Marvel 58 (September 1978)
- ^ Moench, Doug (w), Broderick, Pat (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "The Trouble with Titan..." Captain Marvel 59 (November 1978)
- ^ Moench, Doug (w), Broderick, Pat (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "Moon-Traps And Paradise" Captain Marvel 60 (January 1979)
- ^ Moench, Doug (w), Broderick, Pat (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "Chaos And The Pit!" Captain Marvel 61 (March 1979)
- ^ Moench, Doug (w), Broderick, Pat (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "Earth Skirmish" Captain Marvel 62 (May 1979)
- ^ Moench, Doug (w), Broderick, Pat (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "The Saturn Storm!" Marvel Spotlight v2, 1 (July 1979)
- ^ Moench, Doug (w), Broderick, Pat (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "The Dark Corners!" Marvel Spotlight v2, 2 (September 1979)
- ^ Moench, Doug (w), Broderick, Pat (p), Day, Gene (i). "Blue--Red--Blue!" Marvel Spotlight v2, 3 (November 1979)
- ^ Wolfman, Marv; Goodwin, Archie (w), Ditko, Steve (p), Ditko, Steve (i). "Shadow Doom!" Marvel Spotlight v2, 4 (January 1980)
- ^ Mantlo, Bill (w), Buscema, Sal (p), Buscema, Sal (i). "The Hero and the Hulk!" The Incredible Hulk v2, 246 (April 1980)
- ^ Riley, Dick; Barr, Mike W. (w), Miller, Frank (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "Planet Where Time Stood Still!" Marvel Spotlight v2, 8 (September 1980)
- ^ a b Starlin, Jim (w), Starlin, Jim (p), Starlin, Jim (i). "The Death of Captain Marvel" Marvel Graphic Novel 1 (April 1982)
- ^ DeFalco, Tom (w), Pollard, Keith (p), Williamson, Al (i). "Captain Marvel! She-Hulk! Moon Knight! Tigra!; (Chapter 3)" The Avengers Annual 16 (1987)
- ^ Marz, Ron (w), Lim, Ron (p), Christopher, Tom (i). "Down among the Dead" Silver Surfer v3, 63 (March 1992)
- ^ Marz, Ron (w), Lim, Ron (p), Christopher, Tom (i). "Inner Turmoil" Silver Surfer v3, 64 (April 1992)
- ^ Marz, Ron (w), Lim, Ron (p), Austin, Terry (i). "Epilogue" Cosmic Powers Unlimited 1 (May 1995)
- ^ David, Peter (w), ChrisCross (p). "Au Pere" Captain Marvel v5, 5 (March 2003)
- ^ David, Peter (w), Azaceta, Paul (p). "Uh-Uh" Captain Marvel v5, 16 (January 2004)
- ^ Heinberg, Allan (w), Cheung, Jim (p), Stull, Rob; Cheung, Jim; Meikis, Dave; Vines, Dexter (i). "Family Matters Part Two" Young Avengers 10 (March 2006)
- ^ Heinberg, Allan (w), Cheung, Jim (p), Livesay, John; Leisten, Jay; Meikis, Dave; Ryan, Matt; Mendoza, Jaime (i). "Family Matters Part Three" Young Avengers 11 (May 2006)
- ^ Van Lente, Fred (w), Grummett, Tom (p), Hamscher, Cory (i). "In your last moment of life..." Chaos War: Dead Avengers 1 (January 2011)
- ^ Van Lente, Fred (w), Grummett, Tom (p), Hamscher, Cory (i). "Colonial vanguard!! Fall back!!" Chaos War: Dead Avengers 2 (February 2011)
- ^ Remender, Rick (w), Guedes, Renato (p), Guedes, Renato (i). "I am what was, what is, what will be" Secret Avengers 26 (June 2012)
- ^ Remender, Rick (w), Guedes, Renato (p), Guedes, Renato (i). "Operation Phoenix Part 2 Sacred Ground" Secret Avngers 27 (July 2012)
- ^ Remender, Rick (w), Guedes, Renato (p), Guedes, Renato (i). "Operation Phoenix Part 3" Secret Avengers 28 (August 2012)
- ^ Drake, Arnold (w), Ayers, Dick (p), Colletta, Vince (i). "Rebirth!" Captain Marvel 11 (March 1969)
- ^ Drake, Arnold (w), Ayers, Dick (p), Shores, Syd (i). "The Moment Of The Man-Slayer" Captain Marvel 12 (April 1969)
- ^ Ellis, Warren (w), McNiven, Steve (p), Morales, Mark (i). "Ultimate Secret Chapter One" Ultimate Secret 1 (May 2005)
- ^ Krueger, Jim); Ross, Alex (w), Leon, John Paul (p), Reinhold, Bill (i). "Earth X Chapter Ten" Earth X 10 (January 2000)
- ^ Abnett, Dan; Lanning, Andy (w), Sepulveda, Miguel (p). "Sepulveda, Miguel" The Thanos Imperative 1 (August 2010)
- ^ Ellis, Warren (w), Nielsen, Cliff; Nielsen, Terese (p), Nielsen, Cliff; Nielsen, Terese (i). "Men on Fire" Ruins 1 (August 1995)
- ^ McGloin, Matt (December 6, 2011). "Hero Clix Galactic Guardians: Annihilators, Nova, Adam Warlock, Magus, Lord Mar-vell, more!". CosmicBookNews.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
External links
- Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell) at the Marvel Universe
- Captain Marvel Culture, a history of the many Captain Marvels
- Captain Marvel Appearances in Publication Order
- Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell) at the Marvel Directory
- Captain Marvel (Mar-Vell) at the Comic Book DB
- Captain Marvel at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
- Captain Marvel at the Big Comic Book Database


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I've got a roommate already for Magic Live, but I'm arriving on Saturday, Aug 13th and he arrives on Sunday, Aug 14th. I know the odds are long, but he suggested I see if anyone wants to room together for one night...
If interested, you can email me at: email@example.com
Odd roommate request - 8/13 at the Orleans
Flying around the world for the perfect magic convention? Save some dough and share your room.
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- Posts: 373
- Joined: January 17th, 2008, 12:00 pm
- Favorite Magician: Juan Tamariz
- Location: Murphy, Texas
- Contact:
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JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Sept. 1, 2005) - The ETSU track and field team recently added to its coaching staff with the hiring of Meg Stone and Daniel Duckworth. Both Stone and Duckworth will be working with the men's and women's teams this season.
Stone brings a tremendous amount of coaching experience with her to ETSU. As a former athlete herself, Stone competed in the 1980 and 1984 Olympics in the shot and discus. She was a member of the
"We are thrilled that Meg has joined our staff at ETSU and comes with a wealth of experience and knowledge," said assistant head track and field coach Michelle Byrne. "She will be involved in every facet of our program and will only make us better. With her, the future is brighter than ever for track and field."
Duckworth received a bachelor's degree in psychology from Appalachian State University in 2003 where he worked for a year under Stone. While at ASU, he competed as a decathlete and a thrower. He also competed for three years in Olympic-style weight lifting. Duckworth was named the 2003 Southern Conference Champion in the 35-pound weight throw.
After graduation he played one year of Arena League Football for the Carolina Sharks. Duckworth is currently pursuing his master's degree in exercise physiology at ETSU. He currently specializes in coaching the throws and jumps.
He spent one season (2003-2004) as a volunteer coach at
"Daniel is young, energetic and enthusiastic to make things better," Byrne said. "He is going to work at developing our multi-events and throws to make us a well-rounded team."


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Things have been pretty crazy around here. Getting used to living in a new city is tough. But God has been using the situation to work changes in me. Working to increase my dependence on Him. Some days it goes smoothly. Some days I go kicking and screaming. Stay tuned for some new things, maybe a new blog. He is calling me to some things, some I know some, I am still waiting for some answers as to what to do! Pray for me!
Tuesday, March 1, 2011
What is God Doing?
Posted by Mom to 5...Daughter of the King at 7:09 PM
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Trustees Set Tuition At Iowa Lakes For Upcoming Year
SPIRIT LAKE – Tuition and fees for the 2012-2013 college year were approved by the Board of Trustees of Iowa Lakes Community College at their meeting Tuesday afternoon in Spirit Lake.
Student tuition for Iowa (and Minnesota) residents will be $146 per credit hour. Non-residents and international students will pay $148 per credit hour. Mandatory fees are not changing. Fees for various programs were adjusted as needed.
The featured subject for the meeting was the Spirit Lake campus and its impact on students. Heather Asmus, Supervisor of the Spirit Lake campus, introduced staff members to the Trustees and then talked about the partnerships the campus has working with Buena Vista University and the Volunteer Action Center (VAC).
Christina Ostavic, Director of VAC, shared information on the work VAC has done in the communities of Dickinson County. Ostavic was also able to re-invigorate the RSVP program in the county through a new grant from the Iowa Commission on Volunteer Service.
Two students who take their classes at the Spirit Lake campus were showcased. Summer James of Spirit Lake has worked with Iowa Lakes in the past and has now advanced to class work to achieve her associate in arts degree. She is also a Spirit Lake Student Senator and writes for the college newspaper "The Spindrift." She will likely transfer to a four-year college after she graduates from Iowa Lakes.
Ashly Reimers is from Lakefield, Minnesota. She has participated in many Iowa Lakes music events, including coffee houses and the music trip to Texas. She is working on her associate in arts degree and plans to transfer to a four-year college upon graduation. Reimers shared how much she appreciates the low student-to-faculty ratio and how valuable it is to be able to talk with her professors after class.
Fast Track courses offered during this summer term at the Spirit Lake campus include: Music Appreciation, Jazz History and Appreciation, Marriage and Family, and Minority Group Relations. Openings are available in all courses. In addition, coaching certification classes will be held throughout the summer.
In other action before the Trustees, the list of spring graduates was approved; and Mark Gruwell gave an update on the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Math) Hub announcement from last week. Gruwell, Executive Dean of Instruction and Development, said the next step will be to hire a STEM Programmer and then form a regional advisory committee. After that, the person will be responsible to coordinate efforts to enhance STEM curriculum for students throughout northwest Iowa.
Julie Williams, Dean of Students, talked to the Trustees about the increase in the number of student-athletes at Iowa Lakes. Athletic training services for those students will be increased following approval of an expanded Athletic Training Services Agreement with Spencer Hospital. With the recent addition of Swimming and Diving as well as more students playing Soccer, the college chose to expand the contract to ensure that Athletic Trainers are available for practices and game coverage for those sports. Currently, the needs of the Estherville campus student-athletes are being met through Avera Holy Family Hospital in Estherville.
Updates from Delaine Hiney, Executive Director of Facilities Management, included word that the college wind turbine is back in operation. It had been sidelined when the transformer at the base of the turbine failed.
The college is also working in conjunction with the Estherville Lincoln Central booster club, the City of Estherville, Iowa Lakes Electric Cooperative, and Christensen Construction to light the softball field on the Estherville campus. The lights should be operational by the end of the week.
And, the installation of the new, upgraded television system for classes has begun. The Estherville rooms are installed and the contractor is working in Algona this week. All five campuses are getting the upgrades. The project will be completed by July 1 and the second summer term courses will be broadcast utilizing the new system.
Clark Marshall, Executive Director of Continuing Education and Economic Development, presented a new procedure on New Jobs Training Agreements. The Trustees approved the plan, which allows more flexibility for area industry while still maintaining the integrity of the program.
Bob L'Heureux, Vice President of Administration, reviewed a policy, which ensures that the college protects individuals from identity theft; and receive the go-ahead to ask for proposals on a computer data backup and recovery system.
And, Jolene Rogers, Executive Director of Institutional Advancement, highlighted the upcoming summer events, which raise funds for scholarships for students at Iowa Lakes.