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I was bursting with pride when I saw Audrey, she was awesome with all of her indian dance moves, she really got into the role!
Three days after I had Felicity, Audrey and Phoenix had their performance of Peter Pan. The past plays were all homeschool productions (same director, but different group of kids), the homeschool group was not an option this time, so it was a different experience for Audrey and Phoenix. They still had a few of their homeschool friends that did the play with them. Audrey was an indian, and Phoenix was a lost boy. They both loved their roles. My mom was in town to see the play also, I was so glad she could be there.
Phoenix was so sad when the play was over because he wanted to be a lost boy again. I just love seeing Audrey and Phoenix perform! They both had choreography and lines to say and songs to sing, so many skills aquired!

subset: commoncrawl


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Now, I am always connected to the Web. The rare exceptions to the rule cause excruciating anxiety. I work online. I play online. I have sex online. I sleep with my smartphone at the foot of my bed and wake up every few hours to check my email in my sleep (something I like to call dreamailing).
But it's not enough connectivity. I crave an existence where batteries never die, wireless connections never fail, and the time between asking a question and having the answer is approximately zero. If I could be jacked in at every waking hour of the day, I would, and I think a lot of my peers would do the same. So Hal, please hurry up with that Google implant. We're getting antsy.
There's a name for this condition: Stockholm Syndrome.


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What's New in WinZip 11.0 Beta
Please remember that this is a beta test version. It is possible that some of the new features in this version will not be included in the final release.
WinZip 11.0 includes features that build on the solid foundation established with WinZip 10.0. We applied user feedback to help improve the Job Wizard, and added a number of compression and usability enhancements, as well as the ability to open .BZ2 and .RAR files.
Like WinZip 10.0, you can select WinZip 11.0 with Standard or Pro features, and both offer compression enhancements that make WinZip 11.0 the most versatile WinZip ever. Our new "best compression" option allows you to let WinZip decide the best compression method for each file based on the file type. This will ensure that you maximize the compression of every file that you add to your Zip file. WinZip 11.0 also allows you to better zip .wav music files without compromising the integrity of the file or its sound quality. What's more, if you need to open a .BZ2 or .RAR file, WinZip can now be your tool of choice.
If you depend on WinZip Pro's Job Wizard to back up data sets, archive important documents, or distribute information to others on a regular basis, you'll appreciate the enhancements available in WinZip 11.0 Pro. Now you can configure the Job Wizard to email the log file and/or resulting Zip file automatically after completion, use our new "browse" feature to find a specific folder on an FTP server, and select custom jobs directly from the Job Wizard and Quick Pick menus.
Best of all, if you're a registered user of any previous version of WinZip, you can upgrade to WinZip 11.0 for 50% off the regular list price.
Major Changes in Version 11.0
Compression Enhancements
Both Standard and Pro include features that make WinZip 11.0 more versatile than ever before. Now you can:
Allow WinZip to Select "Best Compression" Automatically
Make the most of the improved compression methods introduced with WinZip 10.0 by letting WinZip decide for you.
Starting with WinZip 10.0, WinZip supports two additional and more powerful compression methods within the Zip file format; PPMd and bzip2. Although this made the product more powerful, user feedback suggests that selecting the proper compression method can be intimidating. Now WinZip can automatically select which compression method to use for each file you add to your Zip file, to create the smallest Zip file possible, helping you to save both data transmission time and valuable disk space.
extracting files compressed with PPMd or bzip2 requires a compatible Zip file utility. Currently WinZip 9.0 or newer will process Zip files compressed using the bzip2 method. WinZip 10.0 or newer is required to open PPMd-compressed files.
Zip .wav Music Files
When you select our Best Compression Method, we use a new compression algorithm for lossless compression of .wav files. A must-have for music lovers who don't want to compromise the file integrity or sound quality.
.BZ2 and .RAR File Support (Extract Only)
Extract from .BZ2 and .RAR files without opening a separate application.
WinZip Job Wizard Enhancements - PRO ONLY
WinZip introduced the "WinZip Job Wizard" with WinZip 10.0 Pro. This powerful productivity and automation tool allows you to create Zip "jobs" that identify the "what, where, when, and how" of virtually any repetitive zipping task.
For WinZip 11.0, we've listened to your feedback and we have made the Job Wizard even better. With WinZip 11.0's Job Wizard, now you can:
Program the Job Wizard to Email Reports and Zip Files Automatically
You can create a custom Zip job to run automatically or at the click of a button, and now the Job Wizard will send you an email to confirm whether the job completed successfully or alert you of problems. You can also configure the Job Wizard to email the resulting Zip file and/or the Job's log file.
Use Browse Button to Find FTP Location
You still need to specify the FTP server location; however, you no longer need to know the exact folder name. Simply use our new browse feature in the FTP dialogue box to navigate to the desired folder.
Passive (PASV) FTP Support
It can sometimes be a challenge to FTP when you're sitting behind a firewall, but PASV mode can help. Simply put, this feature instructs the FTP server to wait for you to initiate contact, rather than actively pinging your firewall (and having your firewall deny access). When the client initiates contact (rather than the server) through the appropriate port for a specific action, the firewall is more likely to allow the FTP.
Select Custom Jobs from Quick Pick and Job Wizard Menus
If you create custom jobs with your WinZip Job Wizard, you can now select them quickly and easily within WinZip from the Jobs menu, or outside of WinZip from the WinZip Quick Pick taskbar tray icon.
Basic Image Navigation Support
Both Standard and Pro include features that make it easier to organize your digital image files. With WinZip 11.0, you can:
View Thumbnails within WinZip Without Launching Separate Application
If you have any images in a Zip file, you can now browse through them viewing the thumbnails without first extracting the images from the Zip file. This makes it a lot easier and quicker to work with images in Zip files.
View Full-Size Images with WinZip's New Image Viewer - PRO ONLY
If you need a closer look, sometimes a thumbnail just won't do. Now you can view images without manually extracting the image from the Zip file.
Other Changes in WinZip 11.0
Both Standard and Pro include features that make it easier to organize your digital image files. With WinZip 11.0, you can:
Zip and E-Mail Directly from WinZip's File Menu
If you need to email your Zip file, WinZip 11.0 makes it easier with the new "send to" option available directly from the WinZip file menu.
Send to FTP or CD/DVD - PRO ONLY
With WinZip 11.0 Pro, you can extend the benefit of our new "send to" feature with the ability to send to a remote FTP server and/or burn directly to CD/DVD.
Extended Time Stamps
WinZip 11.0 now uses NTFS time stamps (vs. DOS time). This allows for greater time stamp granularity/accuracy, and the use of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) helps assure clarity when sharing Zip files outside of your local time zone. This is particularly useful with Zip data backups.
Definable Alternative Extensions
In an effort to improve network security, many administrators block various file extensions. If your administrator has a blanket policy to block .zip extensions, but you want to be able to exchange Zip files with a reliable source, you can now agree on a fictitious alternate extension (e.g., ".abc") and simply associate WinZip with that extension. This will increase the likelihood that you will be able to send and receive Zip files, and WinZip will open them just as it opens any .zip file.


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No. 3 Auburn (12-1, 8-1 SEC) running back Tre Mason was unstoppable. You know the expression "You can't stop him, you can only hope to contain him?" That wasn't even the case for No. 5 Missouri (11-2, 7-2 SEC) Saturday night in Atlanta. Mason earned game MVP honors in leading Auburn to a 59-42 victory by rushing for 303 yards and four touchdowns to lead Auburn to the SEC Championship.
In the most offensive SEC Championship Game in the history of the game, Auburn and Missouri traded scores for most fo the night but Auburn put the clamps down in the fourth quarter, outscoring the sEC East champs 14-0 to pull away for the conference title. Mason accounted for both touchdowns. Not to be forgotten, but Auburn quarterback Nick Marshall also rushed for 100 yards in the game, going for 101 yards and a touchdown while also completing nine of his 11 pass attempts for 132 yards and another touchdown. Missouri quarterback James Franklin ended with a 303 passing yards and three touchdowns and Dorial Green-Beckham led the receivers with 144 yards and a pair of touchdown catches.
Missouri simply could not stop Mason and the Auburn running game, which has been the clear strength of Auburn this season. Why bother throwing when you can pound it out on the ground with ease?
It's not as if Auburn has done this against teams incapable of stopping the run. The last two weeks Auburn has thrived on the ground in a big way against the top two rushing defenses in the SEC, against Alabama last week and against Missouri in the SEC Championship Game. Missouri did plenty on offense as well, but was unable to come up with some plays in the fourth quarter to keep pace with Auburn. This is just the way Auburn likes it. Auburn went up-tempo as often as possible and it gassed Missouri over time. Not many teams in the country are able to slow this offense down, but now we wait to see who will have the unenviable task of attempting to try.
Auburn will also wait to see what happens in the ACC and Big Ten championship games this evening. If Florida State or Ohio State are upset in their respective conference championship games, a spot in the BCS Championship Game will be opened up for the SEC's champion. It is not likely Auburn will be able to pass an undefeated Florida State or Ohio State in the final BCS standings if the Seminoles and Buckeyes each win tonight.
Missouri will still be eligible for a BCS at-large spot, although it is more likely they will be playing in the Capital One Bowl against a Big Ten opponent (Nebraska?) Bowl at this point. Alabama is also eligible for an at-large bid, and the Crimson Tide could likely be the first at-large team selected by a bowl game, perhaps the Orange Bowl. If Auburn does advance to the BCS Championship Game, it is still probable Alabama would be selected by the Sugar Bowl to maintain the SEC tie-in.


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BioSET, Inc (BioSET) is a medical equipment as well as drug manufacturer company. The company has expertise in developing orthobiologic devices. Its products are next-generation combination devices that couples with bioactive peptides with tissue-specific scaffolds. Its main product is AMPLEX device which is a combination of the B2A peptide and a synthetic ceramic scaffold with chemical properties similar to that of native bone. AMPLEX is currently under investigation in human clinical trials as a surgical bone graft implant for lumbar degenerative disc disease. BioSET also forms collaboration with Tornier, Inc. for the development of products for sports medicine applications. It also intends to develop products for use in musculoskeletal applications such as trauma, fracture repair and additional soft tissue treatments. The company is headquartered at Rockville, Maryland, the US.
- To Buy a Copy Of This Report: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/analysis-details/bioset-inc-product-pipeline-analysis
This report is a source for data, analysis and actionable intelligence on the BioSET, Inc portfolio of pipeline products. The report provides detailed analysis on each pipeline product with information on the indication, the development stage, trial phase, product milestones, pipeline territory, estimated approval date, and estimated launch date
Each pipeline product is profiled to cover information on product description, function, technology, indication, and application. The report is also supplemented with a detailed company profile and information on clinical trials, wherever applicable.
This report is built using data and information sourced from proprietary databases, primary and secondary research and in-house analysis by GlobalDatas team of industry experts.
- For All Reports Kindly Visit: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/
- Detailed company profile with information on business description, key company facts, major products and services, key competitors, key employees, locations and subsidiaries and recent developments.
- Detailed coverage on all the pipeline products, by equipment type, by therapy area, by development stage, and by trial phase.
- Information on product milestones and pipeline territory for each product, the estimated approval date, and estimated launch date.
- Profile of each pipeline product with additional information on product description, function, technology, indication(s), and application.
- Data on relevant clinical trials and product patent details, wherever applicable.
- Information on clinical trial, wherever applicable, is supplemented with information on trial phase, trial status, trial objective, trial design, target patients, unique physician identifier, primary point, secondary point, acronym, participants inclusion, participants exclusion, interventions, trial results, trial start date, trial end date, study type, trial site, trial funding, age eligibility, and gender eligibility.
- Develop business strategies by understanding the trends and developments driving the medical devices pipeline and technology landscape globally.
- Design and develop your product development, marketing and sales strategies.
- Exploit M&A opportunities by identifying market players with the most innovative pipeline.
- Develop market-entry and market expansion strategies.
- Exploit in-licensing and out-licensing opportunities by identifying products, most likely to ensure a robust return.
- Identify emerging players with potentially strong product portfolio and create effective counter-strategies to gain competitive advantage.
- Develop competition strategies by identifying the status and likely
launch of your competitors pipeline products through review of the
clinical trials, stage and phase of development, etc.- Which are the
next high-value products that your competitor would add in its
portfolio? identify, understand and capitalize.
- To Read The Complete Report with TOC: http://www.marketresearchreports.biz/analysis/157990


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Physicians Who Treat Melanoma Near Vail, AZ
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in a cell called a melanocyte, which is located in the lower part of the epidermis (the top layer of the skin). These cells provide the pigment that gives skin its color. If skin is exposed continually to the sun or ultraviolet light these cells are more susceptible to becoming cancerous.


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JoAnn Verburgs portraits, landscapes, and still lifes engage the viewer in a push and pull of time. Her images feature bodies floating in and out of space, newspaper headlines that recall past events, and olive trees that belong to no era in particular. In this conversation with Walker consulting curator Siri Engberg and Museum of Modern Art photography curator Susan Kismaric, Verburg discusses her 30-year career and muses on the ways artists performing on the Walker stage in the early 1980s altered her view of photography.
Presented in conjunction with the exhibition Present Tense: Photographs by JoAnn Verburg.


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Be the first to ask a question about this.
$ 38.00Size Guide
DESIGN: Stunning paisley traditional Indie patterns with a vintage lace style in white form the frame for a stunning hamsa hand amulet main element, that is not only beautiful, but give a spiritual vibe to it. All elements match in style, mixed together and balanced for a sophisticated and elegant bohemian vibe feel. For the background I selected distressed vintage look navy to admiral blue background. This pattern will become a focal point in any room with its strong yet delicate lace ornamental presence.
Hamsa hand /Hand of Fatima meaning: The Hamsa Hand and the Hand of Fatima have become popular good luck symbols worldwide.
The Hamsa hand and the Hand of Fatima are equally best known for the power to protect the owner from the evil eye and bring happiness to the holder.
The holder of the Hamsa expects to be protected from all negative energies. The most common negative energy being envious glares from people wishing you no good.
My tapestries are a work of art and I am in control of the entire creation process.
Thank you for your interest in my art and products!
Collections: Boho mandala wall decor, Sacred Geometry Art, Wall Decor
Type: Tapestry
All products in ARTBEDDING Boutique are MADE TO ORDER !!!
Orders canceled before shipping are a subject to a materials fee. In case you changed your mind please react straight away / not later than 2 days after order/ and do not wait until I already produced your order and invested time, efforts and materials that are due to your personal design choice, size and finish/;
Cancellations and Returns are NOT accepted at any time for Custom size prints. Please order carefully!
If you are unsure about the size or color you need please read the information I give on each individual listing or request more information to clear any questions or concerns you may have! If you have additional questions contact me on email@example.com. I try to give as much detailed information as I can regarding each product.
The ARTBEDDING Boutique stands behind the quality of everything we sell and hope you're happy with your product.
If you're unsatisfied with products you purchased from ARTBEDDING, you can return your item(s) as follows:
Just a note: You are responsible for return shipping fees. All merchandise must be unworn and in the same condition it was received.
For all detils on the return and refund process please read HERE
There are different and creative ways to hang your tapestry to the wall. Please select your finish, based on the way you intend to hang your wall tapestry or depending on your DIY project. The most common finish options are:
1. Small transparent plastic grommets are attached to all four corners so your tapestry is ready to hang;
2. Finished with attached rod pocket at the back of the tapestry for hanging on a rod / Most modern tapestries will come with a rod pocket along the top edge. In this case you can use a rod, which will look a bit like a curtain rod. This is a simple and straightforward method for hanging tapestries. Brackets can be added to the wall from which to hang the rod./;
3. Linen with mashine sewn hem edges for Velcro, clips or pins hanging, best option for a dorm room for hanging without damaging walls /Use Velcro for an easily alterable method for hanging the tapestry. Velcro is an adaptable method, which allows you to change the locations of the tapestries from time to time. Velcro is also particularly useful when hanging tapestries on curved walls because it conforms to the wall on which it is mounted.
* Any additional materials like Velcro, metal rod are not included with the wall tapestry.
You can find many creative ways to hang your tapestry and many different uses of a tapestry, accesorizing your room. You can find great DIY projects on Pinterest and great DIY Video tutorials in Youtube. Let me know if you need any specific adjustments on size or finish so you can complete your prokect.
This stylish tapestry is created from lightweight polyester that features serger stitched edges and a smooth, beautiful hem finish.
Thin as sheet /white on the reverse side/;
- Fabric: 100% lightweight polyester, anti-allergy material;
- Sublimation heat transfer printing technology with vibrant colors;
- Usage: Our tapestries are suitable for indoor and outdoor use.
- Size: 5 standard sizes /XS to XL/;
- CARE: no extra care, machine washable and tumble dryer safe;
Produced in a smoke free environment.
PRINTING Technology
Our tapestries are a work of art and we treat their design with diligent care as we oversee the entire creation process. We print our own tapestries using a state of the art printing technology called sublimation. While most other sellers are still using Direct to Garment (DTG) printing technology we know that DTG can often deliver low quality products that fade in time. Our tapestries feature high quality image printing that never fades. You can even wash them with 90°C (194 Fahrenheit) with any bleach without loss of quality. Now that is a product you can feel good about!
Welcome in my ARTBEDDING Home Decor Boutique. My name is Tania Petrova and I am the designer behind ARTBEDDING brand. This shop is my small private space for my big dreams. My aim is to share my creativity with the World,touching lives with beauty and interiors, designed and handmade with love and passion. Each product is made by order and individually produced by a client request. That makes all products unique and special to the person. Thank you for being here !!!
Sign up to get the latest on sales, new releases and more …
If you need more information on our products or you would like to request a custom size / image design service please do not hesitate to contact us. You may approach me via Live chat or send me an e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com. You can also drop me a message using the contact form. Thank you.
Business name: Fashion Zone Ltd.
Designer: Tania Petrova
Burgas, 8008
Bulgaria, EU
+359 878 596 668
Iinstallation video of my self adhesive peel and stick vinyl wall murals: https://youtu.be/tBpAVUv_4S8
For my Shipping and Return policy please read HERE


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It works on my GMA X3100, so I would assume it runs almost anywhere…but a friend with another laptop that has no graphics card can't get WebGL to work. I want to help him out.
Does WebGL switch to a software mode when the graphics card is not capable of running all OpenGL effects? How can I find out whether my system is "WebGL capable" (under Windows)?


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Strength & Balance - Wednesday
From: Wednesday January 29, 2020, 9:00 am
To: Wednesday January 29, 2020, 10:00 am
These classes are designed for seniors and so the cost is low. $5 per Hub member (subsidised) Equipment supplied.
Highly qualified instructor Donna Gianniotis.
No booking needed.
Come to a class if you are interested.
Enquiries at email@example.com. Please include Strength and Balance – Wednesday in the Subject.
VenueWondakiah (Old building, left at roundabout, over small bridge. Park before roundabout)
12 Gasworks Rd, Wollstonecraft NSW 2065


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It's like those sci-fi rich guys who collect everything including somebody's frozen head, only it's real: Dubai collectors—possibly the same ones turning the QE2 ocean liner into a hotel—are trying to buy BA's last Concorde.
The plane, dubbed Alpha Bravo, was slated to be shown off at Heathrow but now, according to British papers, it may be "cut into pieces" and sent to Dubai. Six of the planes are already in museums, and this puppy isn't fit for flight anyway, as it wasn't given the safety upgrade that the others got after that 2000 Paris crash.
Still, some people are sad to think of the last of the skinny-but-mighty supersonic passenger jets sitting on top of a cruiseliner with its wings literally clipped. [Telegraph UK]


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HK Composites creates several types of HK Wall Ties for use in insulated concrete sandwich panels. The ties (also known as "spikes" or "connectors") are manufactured from high-performance, heat and alkaline resistant, engineered polymers.
HK ties minimize the energy draining effects of thermal bridging experienced when metal ties or solid concrete sections are used to connect the concrete wythes of sandwich panels through the insulation layer. The use of HK low-conductivity ties results in a sandwich panel with maximum thermal performance.


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It looks like our boy has finally found work. Chris Kluwe punted for the Minnesota Vikings for eight years, but was cut 10 days ago to make room for a younger, cheaper option: rookie punter Jeff Locke out of UCLA. In his time at Minnesota, he carved out a resume as maybe the best punter in franchise history. As the NFL's most outspoken gay activist, though, he's best known for writing this, and there's even speculation that he was cut for being so outspoken. Needless to say, we love Kluwe, and news that he was out of a job saddened us to our core.
But there's a silver lining yet. Last night, pro-gay comrade-in-arms, free agent linebacker Brendon Ayanbadejo, wrote a piece for Fox Sports saying Kluwe signed with Oakland, and it'd be announced today. And today, word leaked that Kluwe penned a one-year deal with the Raiders for the league minimum. Oakland's last punter, Pro Bowler Shane Lechler, signed this offseason with the Houston Texans.
This is great news, and well-timed. For the first time in a long while, we'll have reason to cheer for the Raiders, and just this week, gay marriage was legalized in Minnesota. The bill, which goes into effect in August, makes Minnesota the 12th state to permit gay marriage.
As Ayandbadejo notes, there's another front to fight for gay rights: California.
Kluwe is focused on punting, but he says his eye is also on Proposition 8 in California. Prop 8 was passed by voters in 2008 and governs that the state recognize only marriages between a man and a woman. The law's legality was argued before the US Supreme Court in March, with a ruling expected in June, and Kluwe is optimistic about the likely repeal of the measure. If the measure is not repealed, however, he says it will be an issue of concern that will need to be addressed.
Hopefully, he kills shit on the field as he battles for gay rights off of it for years to come. Meanwhile, it's feels like high time to hop on the Raiders bandwagon. There's plenty of room.
Photo Credit: Getty


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Hello folks, hope you are well!
Next year I'll be hosting more supper clubs!
Come along and meet like minded people, make friends, eat some delicious home made food and have a good time!
The style will be world cuisine with emphasis on fresh local produce plus gorgeous decadent treats.
already started planning some menu's featuring amazing food and dishes
such as chai panna cotta with pistacio tuille, maple, cranberry, kale
and quinoa salad, porcini and celeriac veloute, brown butter candy apple
klafoutis, cambodian style spring rolls, pastitsio, pakistani home
style fish and spinach curry with parathas, salted caramel chocolate
torte with pecan pastry and much more!
Come back in the new year for dates and menus!


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Poet Ethel Rackin will join Penn State Brandywine in a poetry and literature reading during its annual Litapalooza Literary Festival at 11:30 a.m. on Tuesday, April 2, in the Tomezsko Classroom Building lounge. During this highly anticipated, free public event, students and guests are encouraged to share their own creative works by reading, reciting, chanting, narrating, rapping or even singing for their peers.
This event proves each year to not only be a lot of fun for all of those involved, but also an excellent opportunity for the community to come together in celebration of students' creative talents.
Rackin's debut collection of poems, "The Forever Notes," appeared in Parlor Press's Free Verse Editions series in fall 2012. Her work has appeared in notable literary journals such as Colorado Review, Court Green, The American Poetry Review, Poetry East, and Volt. She earned her master's of fine arts from Bard College and her doctorate in English literature from Princeton University. A Philadelphia native who once taught creative writing at Penn State Brandywine, Rackin also has taught at Haverford College and Bucks County Community College, where she is currently an assistant professor.


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MADISON, WI – Kicking off his last full day of campaigning here, President Barack Obama enlisted rocker Bruce Springsteen to motivate supporters who have already voted and those who will head to the polls Tuesday.
Chip Somodevilla / Getty Images
President Barack Obama and rocker Bruce Springsteen wave to a crowd of 18,000 people during a rally on the last day of campaigning in the general election November 5, 2012 in Madison, Wis.
Taking the stage just after Springsteen finished an acoustic set, the president touted the fact that Springsteen will be hitching a ride on the presidential aircraft from Madison to the next campaign stop in Columbus, Ohio.
"I get to fly around with him on the last day that I will ever campaign. So that's not a bad way to end things," he told the crowd of 18,000 gathered in a square near the state capitol, which was festooned with a giant American flag.
President Obama speaks at a campaign event in Madison, Wis. Watch his entire speech.
But Obama also used the rock star's appearance to drive home a serious message about one of his signature agenda items: allowing the lower Bush-era tax rates for the wealthiest Americans expire.
"If we're serious about the deficit, we can't just cut our way to prosperity," Obama said. "We've also got to ask the wealthiest Americans to go back to the tax rates they paid when Bill Clinton was in office. And by the way, we can afford it. I haven't talked to Bruce, but he can afford it. I can afford it. Mr. Romney, he can afford it."
In 2008, Springsteen's appearances on behalf of the president underscored Obama's image as a transformational figure of inspiration. But even The Boss acknowledged during his performance that despite his four years in office, the environment in Washington had not changed.
"President Obama ran last time as a man of hope and change, and you hear a lot of talk about things are different," Springsteen said.
"Things aren't any different now. They're just realer. It's crunch time now," he continued.
After the rally, the president and Springsteen boarded Air Force One together to head to Columbus for another joint appearance.


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chemical bond
chemical bond, mechanism whereby atoms combine to form molecules. There is a chemical bond between two atoms or groups of atoms when the forces acting between them are strong enough to lead to the formation of an aggregate with sufficient stability to be regarded as an independent species. The number of bonds an atom forms corresponds to its valence. The amount of energy required to break a bond and produce neutral atoms is called the bond energy. All bonds arise from the attraction of unlike charges according to Coulomb's law; however, depending on the atoms involved, this force manifests itself in quite different ways. The principal types of chemical bond are the ionic, covalent, metallic, and hydrogen bonds. The ionic and covalent bonds are idealized cases, however; most bonds are of an intermediate type.
Sections in this article:
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Chemistry: General


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CHUM hires a new director
Posted by Colin Rose on October 8, 2009
Paire's waist circumference looks at least 45 inches. Abdominal obesity is a preventable disease resulting from junk food addiction that increases the chances of many other diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Another example of how the "health care" system is showing you how to care for your health.
CHUM hires a new director
The Gazette
08 Oct 2009
Hoping to turn the page on years of internal strife, the Centre hospitalier de l'université de Montréal has recruited a top hospital administrator from France to serve as its executive director. But yesterday, in his first appearance before the…read more…


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Here is an interesting ranking from ESPN of the top 64 quarterbacks in the NFL today. I'm not a huge fan of rankings — it's a magazine gimmick to attract eyeballs by provoking debate. And I usually disagree with the analysis, which is the point, of course. But I think ESPN gets this just about right. Tom Brady is #1, that's undeniable. Peyton Manning is #2, Favre is #3, Tony Romo is #4, and Ben Roeth… is #5.
I think a good argument could be made that Favre is better than Manning right now. Favre has a passer rating of 98.7, Manning has a 97; Favre has a TD to interception ratio of 24/11, Manning is 27/13; Favre has thrown for 3,678 yards (despite most of the Cowboys game) and Manning has thrown for 3,358. And on it goes. Apparently the judges gave bonus points for arm-flailing before the snap and whining after incompletions, so Manning got the nod. (All that said, both Romo and Roeth… have better passer ratings than Favre.)
Manning is good, sure. But anytime I have a choice between the two, I'll take Favre.
Tags: Brett Favre, ESPN, NFL, Peyton Manning, Tony Romo


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My wife & I have found cash, a credit card, fire extinguisher, and many various anchors.
We even found one anchor attached to a 50 lb lift bag still in good condition
We bought another lift bag and have been hunting & selling anchors on craigslist & at our marina.
Just curious what interesting things you have found?


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Item Description
Worcester County Kanzas League promotional brochure
Author: Hale, Edward Everett, 1822-1909
Date: February 13, 1855
This circular letter was written by Edward E. Hale on behalf of the Worcester County Kanzas League. It was probably affiliated with the New England Emigrant Aid Company as many of the officers are the same. The document provided detailed information about how emigrants would get to Kansasand tips for settling once they got there. He also provided information on how to support the League through the purchase of stock.
Location of Original: KSHS Call Number: Port Vault K 325 W89L 1855
Item Number: 100115 Number of images: 3
Keywords: Boston, Massachusetts; Branscomb, Charles H.; Brown, George W. (George Washington), 1820-1915; Emigrant aid companies; Emigrant aid companies - Free state; Hale, Edward Everett, 1822-1909; Herald of Freedom; Lawrence, Amos Adams, 1814-1886; Lawrence, Kansas Territory; Pomeroy, S. C. (Samuel Clarke), 1816-1891; Railroads; Robinson, Charles, 1818-1894; St. Louis, Missouri; Steamboats; Thayer, Eli, 1819-1899; Webb, Thomas H. (Thomas Hopkins), 1801-1866; Williams, John M. S.; Worcester County Kansas League; Worcester, Massachusetts
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This is a rush transcript of the Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's remarks at the United Nations Durban Review Conference on racism in Geneva, Switzerland, on April 20, 2009. Transcribed from the translation given in the U.N. webcast of the speech.
In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful… [Protestors in clown costumes escorted out by security] May he bestow upon his prophets… Praise be upon Allah, the Almighty, who is just, kind, and compassionate. May he bestow upon his prophets his blessings and his grace from Adam to Noah; Abraham, Moses, Jesus Christ, and His last prophet, Mohammed. Peace be upon them all who are the harbingers of monotheism, fraternity, love … [Applause] … human dignity and justice.
Mr. Chairman. I call upon all distinguished guests to forgive these ignorant people.
In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. Praise be upon Allah, the Almighty, who is just, kind, and compassionate, and praise and salutations of the Almighty God to the great prophet. May he bestow upon [us] His blessings, His grace. We thank the Almighty God. Praise be upon him who is just and who is compassionate. And the salutations and regards of Allah to his prophets, from Noah to Abraham, Moses, Jesus Christ, and his last prophet Mohammed. Peace be upon them all who are the harbingers of monotheism, fraternity, love, human dignity, and justice.
Mr. Chairman. Honorable Secretary General of the United Nations. Madam High Commissioner. Ladies and Gentleman. We have gathered here in the follow up to the Durban conference against racism and racial discrimination to work out practical mechanisms for our holy and humanitarian campaigns. Over the last centuries, humanity has gone through tremendous suffering and pain. In the middle ages, thinkers and scientists were sentenced to death. It was then followed by a period of slavery and slave trade, when innocent people in millions were captivated and separated from their families and loved ones, to be taken to Europe and America under worse conditions; the dark period that also experienced occupations, lootings, and massacres of innocent people.
Many years passed by before nations rose up and fought for their liberty and freedom, and they paid a high price. They lost millions of lives to expel the occupiers and proclaim their independence. However, it did not take long that the coercive powers imposed two wars in Europe which also plagued a part of Asia and Africa. Those horrific wars claimed about 100 million lives and left behind massive devastation. Had lessons been learned from the occupations, horrors, and crimes of those wars, there would have been a ray of hope for the future. The victorious powers called themselves the conquerors of the world while ignoring or downtreading the rights of other nations by the imposition of oppressive laws and international arrangements.
Ladies and gentlemen, let us take a look at the U.N. Security Council, which is one of the legacies of World War II and World War I. What was the logic behind their granting themselves the veto rights? How can such a logic comply with humanitarian or spiritual values? Could it be in conformity with the recognized principles of justice, equality before law, love, and human dignity? [Applause] Or rather, with discrimination, injustice, violation of human rights, or humiliation of the majority of nations and countries?
That Council is the highest decision-making world body for safeguarding the international peace and security. How can we expect the realization of justice and peace when discrimination is legalized and the origin of law is dominated by coercion and force rather than by justice and the right?
Coercion and arrogance is the origin of oppression and wars. Although today many proponents of racism condemn racial discrimination in their words and in their slogans, a number of powerful countries have been authorized to decide for other nations based on their own interests and at their own discretions. And they can easily ridicule and violate all laws and humanitarian values, as they have done so.
Following World War II, they resorted to military aggression to make an entire nation homeless on the pretext of Jewish sufferings. And they sent migrants from Europe, the United States, and other parts of the world in order to establish a totally racist government in the occupied Palestine… [Delegates walk out in protest. Applause] And in fact in compensation for the dire consequences of racism in Europe… Okay, please. Thank you. And in fact in compensation for the dire consequences of racism in Europe, they helped bring to power the most cruel and repressive, racist regime in Palestine. [Applause]
The Security Council helped stabilize this occupation regime and supported it in the past 60 years, giving them a free hand to continue their crimes. It is all the more regrettable that a number of Western governments and the United States have committed themselves to defend those racist perpetrators of genocide whilst the awakened conscience and free minded people of the world condemn aggression, brutalities and bombardments of civilians in Gaza. They have always been supportive or silent against their crimes. And before that, they have always been silent with regard to their crimes.
Distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, what are the root causes of U.S. attacks against Iraq or invasion of Afghanistan? [Shouts from audience] What are the root causes of U.S. attacks against Iraq invasion of Afghanistan? Was the motive behind the invasion of Iraq anything other than the arrogance of the then U.S. administration and the mounting pressures on the part of the owner of wealth and power to expand their sphere of influence, seeking the interests of giant arms manufacturing companies, affecting a noble culture with thousands of years of historical background, eliminating potential and practical traits of Muslim countries against the useful Zionist regime, or to control and plunder energy resources of the Iraqi people? Why, indeed almost a million people were killed and injured and a few more millions were displaced and became homeless. Why, indeed the Iraqi people have suffered enormous losses amounting to hundreds of billions of dollars. And why was hundreds of billions of dollars imposed on the American people and its allies as a result of these military actions? Wasn't the military action against Iraq planned by the Zionists and their allies in the then U.S. administration in complicity with the arms manufacturing companies and the owner of the wealth?
The invasion of Afghanistan; restore peace, security, and economic well being in this country. The United States and its allies not only have failed to contain [?] in Afghanistan, but also the illicit cultivation of narcotics multiplied in the course of their presence. The basic question is: What was the responsibility of the job of the then U.S. administration and its allies? Did it represent the world? Have they been mandated by them? Have they been authorized on behalf of the people of the world to interfere in all parts of the globe? And of course mostly in our region aren't these measures a clear example of egocentrism, racism, discrimination, or infringement upon the dignity and independence of nations?
Ladies and gentlemen, who are responsible for the current global economic crisis? Where did the crisis start from? From Africa? From Asia? Or was it first from the United States, then spreading to Europe and to their allies? For a long time they imposed inequitable economic regulations. By their political power on the international economy they imposed a financial and a monetary system without a proper international oversight mechanism on nations and governments that played no role in the repressive trends or policies. They have not even allowed their people to oversee of monitor their financial policies. They introduce all laws and regulations in defiance to all moral values only to protect the interests of the owners of wealth and power. They further presented a definition of market economy and competition that denied many of the economic opportunities that could be available to other countries of the world. They even transferred their problems to others whilst the wave of crisis lashed back, plaguing their economies with thousands of billions of dollars in budget deficits. And today, they are injecting hundreds of billions of cash from the pockets of their own people into the failing banks companies and financial institutions making the situation more and more complicated for the economy and their people. They are simply thinking about maintaining power and wealth. They couldn't care any less about the people of the world and even about their own people.


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When considering a new job or career change, you'll need to take a hard look at how this will affect your personal finances. Some things to think about and compare, beyond basic salary differences, include:
If you do change employers, make sure you keep your 401(k) balance tax deferred with one of three options:
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Call 800-241-1749 to get connected with a First Midwest Financial Consultant today.
If you are one of the millions who lost a job during the recent economic downturn, there are strategies that can help reduce the financial pain. Even if you're still employed, you may be wise to consider ways you can prepare yourself financially for the possibility of job loss, especially if you sense layoffs may be coming. In a worst-case scenario, advance planning may help cushion the blow. And if your job remains safe, you may have adopted better spending and saving habits in the process.
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Bisons washed, again
Wednesday's game between the Buffalo Bisons and the Rochester Red Wings at Coca-Cola Field has been postponed due to rain and high winds. The teams will make up the game as part of a doubleheader on Thursday, April 21 at Coca-Cola Field (Game 1: 1:05 p.m.)
On Thursday, April 21, the Bisons and Red Wings will play two, seven-inning games.
Fans holding tickets to Wednesday's game can exchange them for a comparable ticket to any future 2011 Bisons games (excluding special events). All ticket exchanges must be made at the Coca-Cola Field box office. Please note that these exchanges do not have to be made on Wednesday, April 20. Fans with tickets can exchange them throughout the remainder of the 2011 season.


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Latest Innovations. Subspecialty Care. Strength in Patient Follow-Up
Hemorrhoids are blood vessels and their surrounding tissue in and around the anus and lower rectum that have become swollen, due to stretching under pressure. Nearly everyone has this condition at some point or at least in some minor form. Enlarged or protruding hemorrhoids can cause uncomfortable symptoms. They are a problem equally in men and women, and are especially prevalent in the 45-to-65-year-old age group.
Hemorrhoids are either internal (inside the anus) or external (under the skin around the opening and outside of the anus). While they may be uncomfortable and inconvenient, they are usually not dangerous or life threatening.
In rare cases, hemorrhoids may create an infection that requires immediate treatment.
Causes/risk factors
Hemorrhoids may develop as a result of repeated straining during bowel movements. Thus, chronic constipation or diarrhea can be a contributing factor. Heredity and aging are also risks for hemorrhoids.
In addition, hemorrhoids are common in pregnant women, due to the pressure of the fetus on the pelvic floor and due to hormonal changes that cause hemorrhoidal vessels to enlarge. The process of childbirth also puts stress on these vessels.
Signs and Symptoms
Common symptoms of hemorrhoids include:
- bright red blood present on the stool, toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl;
- irritation and pain around the anus;
- a swelling, lump, protrusion or bulge at the anus;
- and itching around the anus.
The degree of severity of a hemorrhoid is based partly on the extent to which protrudes, or prolapses, from its normal position.
Diagnosing hemorrhoids involves a physical examination of the anus and rectum to look for swollen blood vessels. Diagnosis may also include:
- digital rectum examination, in which the physician inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to check for abnormalities;
- anoscopy, in which a hollow, lighted tube (endoscope) that is useful for viewing internal hemorrhoids is inserted into the anus;
- proctoscopy, which uses an endoscope to completely examine the rectum;
- colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.
Often hemorrhoids will go away on their own within a few days, as the protruding blood vessel or vessels and surrounding tissue contract and return to (or closer to) normal shape and position. Initial treatment, though, may include:
- sitting in plain, warm water in the tub several times a day;
- ice packs to reduce swelling;
- and application of hemorrhoidal creams or suppositories.
To avoid further irritation, it is helpful to keep the hemorrhoid and anus as clean as possible. Your physician may also recommend increasing both fiber and fluids to soften stools. A softer stool lessens pressure on hemorrhoids, as a result of decreased straining during bowel movements and softer feces.
In some cases, it is necessary to treat hemorrhoids surgically. Several surgical techniques are used to remove or reduce internal and external hemorrhoids. These include:
- rubber band ligation, in which a rubber band is placed around the base of the hemorrhoid inside the rectum to cut off circulation to the hemorrhoid, so that the hemorrhoid will shrink and wither away over several days;
- sclerotherapy, in which a chemical solution is injected around the blood vessel to shrink the hemorrhoid;
- electrical or laser coagulation or infrared photocoagulation - techniques that use special devices to burn hemorrhoidal tissue;
- or hemorrhoidectomy, a surgical procedure that permanently removes hemorrhoids by cutting them away.
Surgeons in Aria's Section on Colorectal Surgery are experts in providing surgery for proctologic conditions such as hemorrhoids.


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Dog alerts Citrus Heights homeowner to attic fire | Animal Lovers
CITRUS HEIGHTS, CA - A pug is probably getting extra treats after alerting a Citrus Heights homeowner to an attic fire Sunday night.
Sacramento Metropolitan Fire Chief Christopher Quinn said the homeowner was awakened by the barking of the 3-year-old pug, whose warning preceded the smoke detector.
Neighbors said the dog, named Ellie, is blind and belongs to the homeowner's daughter, who was traveling.
According to Quinn, firefighters were dispatched to the home in the 7600 block of Woodchuck Way at 11:12 p.m. and found heavy smoke.
The preliminary investigation revealed the fire appeared to have been caused by improperly discarded cigarette butts in a rear patio planter, which sparked an exterior fire that entered the home through the attic, said Quinn.
Damage to the home was estimated at $75,000.


text: Trashy Life: Crayfish Turn Rubbish into a Home This post is part of the Science Tuesday feature series on the USDA blog. Check back each week as we showcase stories and news from the USDA's rich science and research portfolio. To raccoons, snakes and opossums, crayfish look pretty tasty, and large crayfish will even cannibalize their smaller kin. Crayfish, which live in rivers and streams, need instream cover to hide from all their predators. They also use cover to find food, to shelter while incubating eggs, and to keep themselves from being washed away in floods. Susan Adams, a fisheries research scientist for the Forest Service's Southern Research Station, examined different types of cover in the Yazoo River basin of Mississippi to see whether crayfish used large pieces of household trash for shelter when natural cover was limited. Her findings recently appeared in the journal Environmental Management. Sarah Farmer, Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service Posted in Forestry Feb 21, 2017 Respond to this story


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Group rallies to defend same-day voter registration
Milwaukee's mayor and other city leaders gathered in front of New Hope Missionary Baptist Church on Wednesday to show support for same-day voter registration.
It comes after Gov. Scott Walker made a speech last month in which he talked about ending same-day voter registration in Wisconsin.
The mayor questioned the timing.
"Here we are, a few weeks after the election, and the people who aren't happy with the results have decided they're going to change the rules," Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett said.
Walker spoke to WISN 12 News about the issue Tuesday after meeting with President Barack Obama.
Walker was asked whether he would push to get rid of same-day voter registration.
"No, nope -- a simple answer to your question. It's something I said two years ago when I ran. My priority is on jobs," Walker said.
Wisconsin voter turnout in the presidential election hit a record high at more than 70 percent.


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GREAT! In terms of my new workout plan with lifting and such, I was right on point! I did really good eating and it just shows. I wish I coulda taken before pics to show you guys, but the definition (especially in my abs and legs) were ziltch before this week. I worked hard and I am so proud of myself. How are you all doing? Are you hitting your workouts hard and knowing at the end you gave everything you had for that time? The thing I have to always tell myself to make myself push is "This 1 hour isn't going to kill you, it's going to make you stronger and healthier-mentally AND physically". N actually says he can tell a difference in my body (thanks baby <3)>
Are you ready to hear how many calories I burned yesterday just while working out(nevermind the after burn!)? 1,018 calories- A-YO! This was monumental to me and almost a little thing to strive for every Saturday for me. I couldn't believe it- that's such a huge number to me! Seriously you guys, having a heart rate monitor gives you some major motivation to just go all out, balls to the wall, jacked up on Mountain dew, hardcore on your workouts. You see that number and you just wanna set a goal for yourself to get to 'X' and the game is on!
I am addicted the sweat! When I leave the gym and my hair is soaked and my tank top is soaked- I know I left all my issues from the week at the gym, and I gave it all I had. All 1,018 calories of myself-gone!
This week we start February and I know it's going to be spectacular. I hope you all reached your January goals- this week will be a brand new month, and this will be YOUR month! My goal for February is to get more active on Sparkpeople. I miss it and all my peeps!
Have a beautiful Sunday everyone!


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Rock en Seine 2012 Information
Name: Rock en Seine 2012
Venue:Domaine National de St Cloud, France
St CLoud
About Rock en Seine 2012
The French festival Rock en Seine was born in 2003. Today, Rock en Seine is one of the biggest festivals in France and among
the important musical events in Europe. The Rock en Seine dates are always on the last weekend of August, in a wonderful park
just outside Paris.
Every year, the Rock en Seine festival 2011 line-up boasts the most exciting pop and rock bands, from big stars to new talents. Tree scenes are arranged in a green French garden, where the audience can discover the actuality of rock, power pop, electro, folk and see exhibitions about rock.
Arcade Fire, Roxy Music, Blink 182, Cypress Hill, Massive Attack and The Prodigy have all appeared at Rock en Seine Festival in the past, so expect much of the same.
Rock en Seine 2012 tickets usually go on sale in the New Year.


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The title of the post is a come back to Daniel Engber's article in Slate "The Problem With 3-D", with the sub-title "It hurts your eyes. Always has, always will." As CineForm is entering the 3D post production world, I was curious whether his claims are valid. I'm personally one who doesn't find modern 3D film difficult to watch, and very much prefer to look at recent films like Coraline 3D over their 2D presentation, but I spend much of my day staring at images for quality analysis, so I'm not the best test subject.
Engber states the visual fatigue that "plague flight simulators, head-mounted virtual-reality displays, and many other applications of 3-D technology" is directly connected to 3D movie eye strain and that "no one yet knows exactly what causes this." Engber then goes to propose a reasonable sounding theory that our eyes want to refocus on objects that are not really closer or further away than the physical screen plane, and a likely cause of strain. This seems like a logical explanation for those experiencing eye fatigue, and he offers no other. The article then goes on to suggest "if 3-D becomes as widespread" the possible blindness (well "permanently cross-eyed") of your children -- Wow! Now I was initially going to accept the earlier claim of convergence without refocus being a potential cause of eye strain for some, but now that my kid's eyesight is involved I had to dig deeper.
I dug, and I now believe he is wrong, at least for most correctly presented theatrical presentations. I'm also proposing a theory without rigorous test data (just like Engber), but focusing on the optical characteristics of the human eye. I wondered whether hyperfocal distance, the particular range from x feet to infinity such that all appears in focus. While a typical lens has a single point of focus, there is range in which focus is still considered sharp. Whenever depth of field is discussed, that is talking about the same range of acceptable focus. So from Wikipedia "hyperfocal distance is a distance beyond which all objects can be brought into an "acceptable" focus." If the screen is beyond the hyperfocal distance of the human eye, all 3D images behind the screen plane still appear in focus, and a certain amount in front will still be in focus, with some simple rules. With all images in the theatrical 3D space appearing in focus, it doesn't matter if your eyes do change the focus range, so Engber's claim does not hold up, and your children are safe.
Basically the problem described in the article only happens in close screen viewing conditions or extreme "coming at ya!" 3D that has been losing favour as 3D projection becomes more common. In a typical movie theater the viewing distances are such that the eye can do its natural convergence and refocusing without losing focus on the presented 3D world.
Now to calculate the acceptable distances for 3D, we needed to calculate the human eye's hyperfocal distance. With some online research I was able to determine the eye is approximately a 22mm lens system (seems about right,) with a maximum f-stop of 2.4 (darkened theater would do the trick.) There is a great article on The Photographic Eye from which I gather numbers I used (they agreed with many sources.) Now we can plug these numbers into a lens calculator, and get a number for 35mm cameras -- 22.3 feet hyperfocal, focus range 11.1 feet to infinity. So if eyes were 35mm cameras, as long as the 3D object remains more than 11 feet away from us we can comfortably and safely view it and everything behind it into the 3D world. But of course our eyes are not 35mm cameras, and are more complex to model, but the heart of all this is the Circle of Confusion (CoC - the amount of allowable blur.) So instead of guessing the camera system that models the human eye, let's calculate what as acceptable blur for the typical theater viewing environment.
For our theater model, we have nice 40 foot horizontal movie screen at a viewing range of one and half screen distances, i.e. 60 feet away, using a common 2K projector (99% of all digital projection is either 2K (2048) or 1920 line HD.) So the amount of allowable blur is related to the pixel size, as we don't see a lot of chunky pixels, the resolution is high enough that it fuses into a continuous image for the audience. So let's estimate that a half pixel blur is OK and is still perceived as sharp. For the approximate 2000 pixels around 40' screen, 0.5 pixels will be 0.5/2000*40 = 0.01 feet or a blur of around 1/10th of an inch. The viewing angle for our blur at 60' is calculated as 0.01 degrees. As Circle of Confusion or CoC is calculated at 25cm, the 0.01 degrees results in a CoC of 0.04mm. Now using the CoC number in our lens calculator we get these results: When viewing the screen at 60' away, all objects from 13.1' to infinity will appear in focus. If an object jumps 75% off the screen and is perceived as 15' away, and you focus on it at 15', it and the screen plane are still in focus, so no source of eye strain. We now have the safe/enjoyable range to present a 3D image. You might be thinking the amount of allowable blur at 0.5 pixels was overly generous, and it was, in 3Ds favor. Wikipedia and other sites place the average acceptable CoC at 0.2mm, yet the numbers above are five times sharper than that (so there is plenty of headroom for the average viewer.)
This potentially points to the home screening environment having issues with the screen being so much closer. Yet using the same human eye lens modelling, a 3D depth range can be created such that the eye can focus at will without causing blur issues at the screen plane, or introducing eye strain. Plus as the average home environment is not as dark as the theater experience, we can use a different lens f-stop in our calculations. If our eye is more typically at f/4 for home viewing (totally guessing -- love help here) for a screen at 12' distance, 3D images can be placed at 6' (half out of the screen) to infinity (still using the same very sharp 0.04mm CoC.) So there is a reformatting required between theatrical and home release, but this was already an accepted factor to adjust for the smaller home screen.
This is not to say that there aren't other factors that contribute to eye strain in today's 3D technologies, such as imperfect filtering causing left/right cross-talk and poor quality glasses introducing other optical distortions. Yet the biggest factor to eye strain is more likely due to inexperience of 3D film making, such that there are good and bad presentations, which have nothing to do with the technology. The film making and the tech can only improve, and there is no inherent cause of eyestrain in today's 3D presentation technology.
Here is a fun aside. For those wanting to experience the 2D and 3D version of a film without going to see the film twice (or closing one eye for prolonged periods of time), create yourself a pair of 2D glasses. These will also come in handy if you happen to see one of those bad 3D movies. Get two pairs of standard RealD glasses and pop out the left eye lens from one and the right eye lens from the other, and swap them. With a pair of scissors to cut the lens down a bit, you can restore the lenses to the frame with the opposite position (be careful not to flip the front and back side of the lens), so that you have one set of glasses that is a left only and another that is right only. At any time during a 3D film, put on your 2D glasses, to experience that retro 2D world.
Wednesday, May 06, 2009
No Problem With 3-D
The title of the post is a come back to Daniel Engber's article in Slate "The Problem With 3-D", with the sub-title "It hurts your eyes. Always has, always will." As CineForm is entering the 3D post production world, I was curious whether his claims are valid. I'm personally one who doesn't find modern 3D film difficult to watch, and very much prefer to look at recent films like Coraline 3D over their 2D presentation, but I spend much of my day staring at images for quality analysis, so I'm not the best test subject.
23 comments:
- Jason Rodriguez said...
Great article, but quick question: are you saying that the reason for eye-strain is that we want to see something as "sharp" if it's within the hyperfocal distance of the eye, but that the real-world camera footage was shot with the object out-of-focus, or with too much blur, so now we're straining to make something in-focus that is out-of-focus in the "3D" world? In other words, the headaches and eye-strain of 3D are the same as symptoms experienced by people with bad eyeglass prescriptions who are constantly using their eye-muscles to try and make objects in-focus that are out-of-focus?
- David said...
I wasn't going there yet. The issue of shallow deep for field in the camera vs very wide for 3D projects is still up for discussion. I was only pointing out the holes in the Slate article which missed some lens theory. Of course it is easiest to think focusing on objects from 15' to infinity if they were shoot in focus. If you drive the audience attention appropriately a shallow depth of field in camera will be OK. It is just harder to do, and will require more experience in 3D shooting.
"Circle of Confusion" is what I was always familiar with, not "conclusion." Typo?
Another variable I was made aware of working as assistant producer on an Oldsmobile 3-D movie in 1982 (ah yes... when the automotives had money for such nonsense) with the 2 original House of Wax lenses (NOT the Paris Hilton flick!) was the variable distance between the "eyes" -- that is, the 3-D effect could be made greater or lesser by changing the eye-width value. This film also had Lenny Lipton (lennylipton.com) on it, who had tables for setting these variables to the appropriave value for the scene's focal length, the primary subject's position in frame, and peripheral objects (that could enhance or detract from the 3-D, especially if on showed up only in one "eye" or lens. This was called "occlusion," and yes, could cause headaches.
- David said...
Fixed the CoC typo, thanks. I agree there are additional factors, far more than a single blog post can cover.
If 3D projects are filmed properly, with avoiding eyestrain as one priority, and the finished product is presented and viewed properly, there should be no eyestrain whatsoever. The companies involved in this right now are going out of their way to avoid any viewing fatigue and Engber's article is just so much very hot air.
- Unknown said...
does any of your analysis look at the way 3D is actually displayed in the movie theatre on a 2K digital projector or on a 4K digital projector. the current technology for displaying 3D on a
2K digital projector uses something called "triple flash" technology to create the 3D image, but the 4K uses continuous 2K right eye and left eye images to create the 3D image. do you have any knowledge or opinion on the 2K "triple flash" technology causing increased "eye fatigue" due to this black space always flashing and your brain having to interpolate the image?
With a lack of any objective scientific data, the only real conclusion in all of this is the statement, "'no one yet knows exactly what causes this.'" David is assuming that the eye does try to focus on a blurred object that is out of focus and then he assumes that it will not try to focus on it if it is within the depth of field limits. For all we know, the eye does not necessairly try to focus on objects that are blurred. If it did, they anyone who needs glasses would have constant headaches when they take them off. I am not stating this as proven fact, but I don't think it actually happens. On the other hand, how would we know if the eye does not automatically try to change focus when the other visual information tells it that the object is not at the distance that stereo vision tells it it is. Depth perception is not tied to a single element of vision. A great amount of depth information can be and is gathered by a single eye. Perhaps the headaches are caused by conflicting information in this process when viewing a 3D moving image.
I would look to real scientific studies, not simple opinions.
Paul A.
- Dave Gregory said...
Focus and convergence are two separate issues. The issue here is not so much that of being able to focus but rather what is called "viewer accommodation breakdown" -- the fact that your eyes are trying to converge on something apparently getting closer to you but have to remain focused on the screen plane. Most people can handle that, but constantly requiring the audience to do it for too many off-screen effects can lead to eyestrain. On the other hand, neither of your articles mentioned "divergence", which is when the common dual points of a BG object are greater than 2.5 inches apart on the screen's surface--thus causing your eyes to diverge like Marty Feldman's should you try to fuse on the object. THAT is what really can cause eyestrain. Engber was right to make people aware of these issues, though his attitude was way too negative. Also, he sounds like the kind of fellow who will mistakenly sit near the screen--thinking it will enhance the experience. Not true. That makes just it harder to watch. Those of us working in 3D know to sit in the rear-center of the theater. As Jim Krisvoy pointed out, everyone is addressing these issues and taking great pains to minimize them. However, they can never be totally done away with because it's virtually impossible to satisfy every seat in the auditorium. Also filmmakers have no control over the size of screen our films are projected upon--and an object at infinity may have an on-screen parallax greater that 2.5 inches on larger screens. Therefore, sorry Jim, there is always going to be eyestrain for some people, even in the most perfectly shot & projected 3D situation--and especially for those sitting closer than two screen heights away. So use this tip and always sit in the rear-center of the auditorium--especially in those bloody "IMAX 3D experiences"--and you'll be headache free (unless the movie's 3D is just really bad to begin with).
- Unknown said...
This is a great article and makes a good point about 3D. There are variations in available depth budget across display technologies that are important for production teams to understand. It does very much depend on viewing distance (Helmholtz in 1867 knew this..).
You can find some of our scientific research and a free stereo camera calculator for one method of accounting for the variable display depth budget at www.binocularity.com
The use of camera depth of field in 3D movies is an issue - my experience is when it is behind the action it is ok, when it is in front it can be difficult.
- David said...
The black "flashes" between frames is not likely a source of eye strain, as that is standard film presentation for years. However the small temporal difference between the eyes can cause 3D perception issues, that a dual projection system doesn't suffer (although I'm not sure if I've every had such issues.)
I was only one incorrect claim of the Slate, and that I believe technology can overcome any remaining factors.
- David said...
Re: "then he assumes that it will not try to focus on it if it is within the depth of field limits"
Paul, I'm saying the opposite, the human eye is welcome to focus wherever it would naturally, there is nothing different in a correct 3D theatrical presentation and the real work for this optically conditions, as all the objects with the range will be perceived as sharp. Of course the object would only be sharp if it was filmed that way, but there is nothing in 3D projection that is inherently unable to satisfy normal human eye movement and focus.
- David said...
Dave Gregory, My argument is the eye doesn't not have to remain focused on the screen plane, and I total expect it wouldn't, yet this not a problem as postulated by the Stale article. I'm well aware that divergence would fall in the category of badly presented 3D, and yes that would cause eye strain. 3D films to need to be reformatted for the screen size they are being presented on. Scale down is normally okay and doesn't cause divergence issues, but scaling to a larger screen than the intended presentation is big issue.
- Dave Gregory said...
Regardless of where the object is in the z-axis, its image is still at the screen-plane--so that is where the viewers' eyes will be focused (unless they're watching something other than the movie).
Now, where they are "converging" is a different matter entirely, as that is a separate function.
Since a 3D movie using many off-screen effects requires our eyes and brain to de-couple the way our eye muscles focus and converge (the way they normally work together), eye-strain can indeed result. And that WAS the point of the SLATE article and it is a very valid point.
Do you consider it practical for a film distributor to prepare several different D-Cinema versions of a 3D film for different screen sizes? I don't--though Paramount & Sony claim to have done so for BEOWULF. But who of us have their budgets?
We have to just design a version for the biggest average screen we'll presume we'll be on.
-- Dave Gregory
- John said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- John said...
Over the years I have seen 3D/VR come and go. Some interesting projects I have worked on:
SpaceSpuds, Amiga, 1988 (LCD shutter)
Flight simulator running on Fakespace Labs VR device (Leep Optics), Cyberthon 24hrs of VR, ~1989
VR Slingshot, Amiga, PC, 1994 (LCD shutter)
Virtual i-O i-Glasses (HMD with optics setting the image plane about 30" from eyes, head tracker).
H3D (we ported Quake to stereo 3D, wireless LCD shutter), 1998
Akumira (solved the color anaglyph problem, 2000)
EyestrainPrimary cause: convergence/accommodation
To reduce: move accommodation plane farther from eyes, physically or with optics. A collimator can help with perceiving far away images (for flight simulation, etc.).
Other causes of eyestrain:Vertical parallax: don't rotate the cameras- they should be kept parallel if possible.
Different brightness between eyes. Color differences aren't as bad. Consider that "full color" can be perceived with color anaglyph- the brain can also fuse color components between eyes. Brightness difference between eyes is harder to deal with.
Framing errors: objects clip the window edge when out of screen, or near the display plane.
Viewer tilts head: eyes/brain must work harder to fuse the image (shutter or filter glasses).
Flicker- primarily an issue with low-rate shutter glasses (< 100Hz).
Temporal errors: both eyes should see the same frame at the same time. If one frame changes before the other (per eye), not only can eyestrain occur, but also "VR sickness". VR sickness can be summed up as a type of motion sickness where inputs to the brain are altered so that the body reacts in the same way as poisoning. This causes the viewer to feel nauseated / throw up (evolution: "expel poison". Poison can cause "timing" errors between eyes and between both eyes and inner ear. Simulate it and the body reacts appropriately). HMD's are especially challenging as the motion tracker must be very fast/noise-free to prevent VR sickness.
As one spends more time viewing stereoscopic 3D, they can experience less discomfort as they get more used to it (over a period of days and weeks; not in one sitting).
From commercial experience, the biggest problem beyond discomfort is that consumers don't like having to put something on their face. Perhaps 3D won't really take off until we have high-quality autostereoscopic displays (similar to a color hologram). The vertical barrier stuff works OK as long as the viewer sits in the sweet spot.
- David said...
Please reread, the focus of an object, on or off the screen plane, will be perceptably the same due to the depth field of the human eye at those view distances. Therefore focus off the screen plane is going to happen and be a good thing, and not a source of eye strain. I know it doesn't seem obvious at first.
John, That is some good stuff.
- John said...
Thanks David.
A few more causes of eyestrain, which also affect 3D perception:
Ghosting (a form of crosstalk) : cause: shutter glasses don't get dark enough, polarized filters don't cut enough light (and/or screen does not reflect polarized light very well, or the viewer tilts their head (linear polarizers; not an issue with circular polarizers), anaglyph filters not matched very well to colorspace of presentation material (more challenging with CMYK and printed material than RGB displays). Ghosting can be minimized by limiting the maximum parallax.
Crosstalk, general case: any time left/right image material is viewable in the other eye. This is one of the biggest challenges for showing color anaglyph on broadcast television. When RGB material is converted to YUV and then compressed, some form of color correction is usually also applied. In the red/cyan case, this typically causes information from the read channel to be shown in the cyan (blue+green) channel, and vice versa. Crosstalk can vary from minor (causing eyestrain) to extreme, where there is no perceivable 3D effect (no stereoscopic eyestrain- the image appears 2D with a double image).
Changing the 3D depth manually: any time an object is viewed at a depth not consistent with the other normal depth cues (perspective, lighting, etc.), the eyes+brain have to work harder, causing fatigue and eyestrain. An interesting effect (which makes sense, but is amusing the first time viewed): if an image is moved into the screen (left image left, right image right), without changing its pixel size, it will be perceived to be larger. Likewise, if an image is moved out of the screen it will appear smaller. If an object moves in 3D space and does not follow the natural size change, the brain might perceive this as a disconnect and trigger VR sickness.
One of the areas that should be considered in all of this is the fit and design of the 3D glasses themselves.
If you have been to an Imax Digital 3D presentation, you may have noticed that the frames are rather thick and due to this, some vision is cut off around the septum area (the nose area). This gives off the impression that the field of view is cut off. In that design, it would be better to thin the frames, at least around the nose area, which would improves things dramatically.
In the case of Dolby 3D, when one tilts their head up or down, there is some color degradation, however cancellation between the left and right eyes is pretty much right on the button. At a screening a few months back of a certain classic 3D title, the light levels were too low and this could be problem for people who may need more light in order to see clearly.
With X-PAND, early prototypes were too heavy, uncomfortable and when the battery died, the glasses had to be thrown away (or possibly recycled for use at a later date). I have not experienced the latest, but understand that those problems have been eliminated.
So far, Real-D still appears to be the best solution for comfort, image cancellation and, from a projection standpoint, very reliable.
As far as seeing those 3D images, one has to keep in mind, that you are still looking at a flat screen surface. Whatever imaging that is supposed to either be deep or off screen should, at least theoretically, has happened at the source and I have never seen or known of anyone who had any focus problems with close off screen images, unless those types of images were not shot properly in the first place. As I mentioned in a recent comment, the companies behind the technology, the cameraman, etc are going out of their way to ensure, for the most part, comfortable and well shot stereoscopic images.
One can only hope that producers will keep this in mind on all future 3D projects, which could ultimately will affect ongoing acceptance of 3D cinema.
As far as exhibition goes, it is virtually impossible for an exhibitor to manipulate image alignment, although their could be issues with screen illumination, particularly if 3D presentations in any given location are not monitored for quality by the distributors themselves.
- Clinton Torres said...
I wanted to explore the idea that stereo ghosting changes the single-lens approximations you were making David, and wrote: http://blog.clinttorres.com/index.php/2009/more-3d-optics/
Since then, the conversation here has given me a few leads on how to analyze such a thing. Very interesting stuff.
- Unknown said...
As you know, convergence is one adjustable knob on the camera (whether real or virtual), and all the similar issues of focus apply to convergence (i.e. there is a cricle of convergence for which our eye deterimnes an object is converged; which leads to a similar depth of visually acceptable convergence, similar to the hyperfocal distance; setting the focus to infinity is similar to setting the two lenses in parallel, etc).
The trouble is when your eye tries to focus on an object outside the convergence range of the image (which may actually in focus photographically). The cinematographer can intentionally screw it up by setting the convergence to something different than the focal plane. I would argue that if you increase the depth of field, you actually increase the convergence problems, as your eye more naturally wanders around the image and tries to focus (and converge) on things that are in focus in the image. By limiting the depth of field, you can better control the parts of the image that the eyeball tries to bring into focus, and therefore ensure that the eyeball is only focusing on iems that are also in the plane of convergence.
Ghosts of the Abyss has some footage that actually screws it up (some of the footage from the submersible units where the calibration went slightly awry) and the vergence differs from the main intersting thing in the frame, making you feel weird.
I'm not sure I agree with your assumption that if it's in focus on the screen, it will not be a source of focal strain -- I believe that our the focus and convergence of our eyes are naturally linked, so as we try to converge on objects behind the screen, we also try to focus on them. Crossing your eyes, which is estentially forcing your eyes to decouple the focus from the convergence in your eyes, produces noticable strain. Plus it makes you look funny.
- David said...
"I'm not sure I agree with your assumption that if it's in focus on the screen, it will not be a source of focal strain -- I believe that our the focus and convergence of our eyes are naturally linked, so as we try to converge on objects behind the screen, we also try to focus on them. "
That is what I'm saying, and what is wrong with the slate article. As we converge (or diverge) to a object off the screen plan, our eyes do what they do naturally -- refocus. The point I was making is that there is a range of reforcusing allowed off the screen plane as it is within the hyperfocus distance of the human eye. So the slate story is wrong to think eyestrain is due to eye beinf forced to always focus on the screen plane independent of convergence. While we have to do that for crossing in images at short range (glasses free stereo images), but the same is not happening in the theater.
- Carlo Macchiavello said...
Good 3d not cause problem, bad 3D cause headace, and many other problem.
The right actual problem is that too much people do 3D without the right knowledge to understand what they do.
3D is the near way to see what we can see in real world, 24h at day...
bad 3D is like a bad trip, that cause problems.
- Thad Beier said...
Thank you for your calculations of the hyperfocal distance of the eye. I had reached identical conclusions independently -- that in the theater, there should never be any accomodation problem for objects "behind the screen" -- that the screen is well beyond the hyperfocal distance of the eye, even with your pupils wide-open in the dark.


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text:
|The stupid question is the question not asked
Re: FAQ Nodeby footpad (Monsignor)
|on Feb 13, 2001 at 21:36 UTC ( #58164=note: print w/replies, xml )
|Need Help??
Instead of creating a new area, I'd rather see a topic or series of topics along the lines of "Nodes for New Monks."
It would appear immediately after you create your account and as an Suggested Reading nodelet that you could not dismiss or move until you reached second or third level.
The initial post would provide a series of links broken into various levels of categories. The nodelet would list the main category links.
I can think of several categories and entries:
You may have noticed that I put posting below searching and behavior; this was done to help reinforce the idea of "search first, ask questions later."
Also, these links are just ideas. I'm missing many, but the idea would be for someone to maintain it (I'll volunteer, if you like) and the community at large to suggest additions, much the same way neophyte handles Outside Links.
Update: I'm suggesting a node based approach so that interested parties can add it to their Personal Nodelet.
In Section Perl Monks Discussion


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- Passionate Missional Outreach – Release and encourage our people to embrace with open arms and hearts both the needy and the new people groups among us.
- Multi-faceted New Church Development – Foster an environment and enthusiasm for starting new churches through districts and local churches.


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BEITOUNIA, West Bank, Feb. 21 (UPI) -- Palestinians gathered in the West Bank town of Beitounia Thursday to march to Israel's Ofer military prison to show support for prisoner hunger strikes.
Witnesses said clashes erupted between Palestinian youth and Israeli troops ahead of the protest march, with two journalist injured in the confrontations, Israeli broadcaster Arutz Sheva reported.
Demonstrators said they were protesting to show solidarity with Palestinian prisoners held in Israeli jails who are on a hunger strike.
Sheik Raed Salah, leader of the northern branch of Israel's Islamic Movement, said Wednesday he would join the hunger strikers as a show of support, Haaretz reported.
Israel's High Court of Justice Wednesday declined to hear a petition from Ayman Sharawna one of the inmates participating in the hunger strike. He is a Palestinian prisoner released by Israel in the prisoner exchange with Hamas that freed Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit, but he was re-arrested under Israeli military law allowing Israel to re-incarcerate prisoners freed in the swap so they can complete their full prison term, Haaretz said.
Sharawna had served 10 years of a 38-year sentence when the exchange took place. His petition sought to void provisions in the law allowing for his re-arrest year.
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text:
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- The Illinois basketball team lost freshman forward Bill Cole for up to three weeks with a shoulder separation, but the wait is much longer for freshman guard Quinton Watkins.
The Illinois basketball team lost freshman forward Bill Cole for up to three weeks with a shoulder separation, but the wait is much longer for freshman guard Quinton Watkins.
While freshman forward Mike Davis passed the NCAA initial eligibility clearinghouse, coach Bruce Weber said Tuesday that Watkins won't enroll for the fall semester after the California native failed to meet NCAA academic requirements for incoming freshmen. The earliest Watkins could enroll and join the program would be for the spring semester, but the shooter who signed with Illinois in the spring is now open to recruiting.
"We're disappointed,'' Weber said. "We had hoped to we found a player late in the process, a top 100 player. It's disappointing not only for us but for the kid and his family. As for his future, we have to wait and see what happens with his academic issues. We'll have to deal with that at a later time.''
Watkins averaged 19.7 points, 4.2 rebounds and 3.0 assists last season at Dominguez High School in Compton, Calif., and was considered a leading candidate to fill the shooting guard spot left vacant by the decision to redshirt junior Jamar Smith.
A 6-foot-9, 190-pounder from Alexandria, Va., Davis committed to Illinois in late August and arrived on campus without signing a letter of intent, but he began classes last week and started practicing with the Illini in preparation of the five-game exhibition tour to Canada that begins Friday.
"He's a kid we investigated during the season,'' Weber said. "It looked like he was going to prep school. Things turned his way academically late.''
By midsummer, Davis excelled on the AAU tour, but he still planned to enroll at South Kent School, a prep school in Connecticut, to develop his game. He made an official visit to Illinois on Aug. 10 to 12, the weekend before school started. He returned home, committed to the Illini, packed his bags and returned to Illinois the following weekend. Other schools, such as Clemson, LSU, Auburn and Maryland, offered Davis scholarships.
"It's been kind of crazy,'' Davis said. "I played my last AAU game a month ago. I came here on a visit and really liked it. I thought about going to prep school to better my game. My prep school coach said I had the ability to play at a four-year school now.''
Davis has a mid-range jumper, he said, but the wing forward's best assets are his length and athleticism.
"He talked about going to prep school to develop,'' Weber said. "I asked him, 'If you have the opportunity, why wouldn't you come to a major school with weight coaches and assistant coaches who can work with you on a daily basis?' The family was convinced of that.''
A superior athlete who can reach 2 feet above the rim, Weber said, Davis is likely a redshirt candidate to gain strength and work on his fundamentals.
Cole, the Peoria Richwoods graduate, suffered the injury on his right shoulder while blocking a shot during Monday's practice. He will wear a sling for several days this week, Weber said. Cole won't play in Canada and remained a possibility to redshirt along with freshman forward Mike Tisdale of Riverton.
"(Cole) played pretty well in some of the practices,'' Weber said. "He has a good feel for the game, shoots the ball well and has good passing skills. The question, like Mike, is strength and can you guard anybody.''
John Supinie can be reached at email@example.com.