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Types of Financial Aid Offered
Funding for some programs (e.g. the Federal Perkins Loan, the SEOG, ENG, STW, and Work-Study) is very limited. Students demonstrating need may or may not receive this funding. Please file the FAFSA before the priority deadline and promptly return any materials that you receive from your financial aid office in order to help us provide you with the best possible aid. Funds are also awarded on a first come, first serve basis.
As an Evergreen Student You may be Offered a Variety of Financial Aid Including:
- Gift Aid-grants and tuition waivers
- Employment
- Loans
- Scholarships
- The TEACH Grant
Gift Aid
Grants and tuition waivers are gift aid and do not need to be repaid. They are awarded on the basis of financial need.
Evergreen Need Grant (ENG)
The Evergreen Need Grant is funded by a need-based grant program and is available to eligible graduate and undergraduate students who are residents of Washington when funds are available. Evergreen Need Grant will be prorated for less than full-time enrollment. Please file your FAFSA early and submit all requested documents to increase your possibility of receiving this grant.
Federal Pell Grant
The Federal Pell Grant is the largest of the federal grant programs. It is available only to undergraduate students. Eligibility for the Pell grant is determined using the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) that is calculated when you complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Pell grant disbursements are pro-rated based on your level of enrollment.
Federal Pell Grant Duration of Eligibility- Public Law 112-74 amended HEA section 401 (c)(5) to reduce the duration of a student's eligibility to receive a Federal Pell Grant from 12 semesters or 18 quarters of FULL TIME enrollment. Duration may be prorated based on less than full-time enrollment, but cannot exceed 600%. This provision applies to all Federal Pell Grant eligible students effective with the 2012-13 award year. The calculation of the duration of a student's eligibility will include all years of the student's receipt of Federal Pell Grant funding. This change in the duration of students' Federal Pell Grant eligibility is not limited only to students who received their first Federal Pell Grant on or after the 2008-2009 award year, as the HEA previously provided when the duration of eligibility was 18 semesters.
More information about calculating your Pell Grant Lifetime Eligibility.
More information about the Pell Grant.
Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (SEOG)
The SEOG is a need-based grant program available to undergraduate non-resident students. Priority is given to full-time students having exceptional need.
More information about SEOG.
State Need Grant (SNG)
The SNG is a need-based grant available to eligible undergraduate residents of Washington with exceptional need. If you are not an undergraduate, and you are offered a State Need Grant, please contact the Financial Aid Office immediately.
The SNG award amount is set by the Washington Student Achievement Council (WSAC) each spring, so the amount of your offer might be estimated and subject to change pending the approval of the Washington State budget by the state legislature.
The SNG program requires that that you enroll in and complete at least 12 credit hours per quarter as a full-time student, at least 9 credit hours per quarter as a 3/4 time student, at least 6 credit hours per quarter as a half-time student and at least 3 credit hours as a less-than-half-time student. You may jeopardize future disbursements if you lose credit in any one quarter of the academic year in which the SNG award was made
This grant can be prorated for less than full time enrollment.
More information about the SNG from Ready. Set. Grad.
Washington State Tuition Waiver (STW)
The State Tuition Waiver is funded by a need-based state program available to eligible full-time undergraduate students who are residents of Washington. If your enrollment or residency status changes to less than full-time, your eligibility for this award will change. Please notify the Financial Aid Office if this is the case.
Students will find opportunities to work on the Evergreen campus and in the community through the Student Employment Office. Financial need is required for Federal, State and Evergreen Work-Study programs. Some opportunities for non-need based employment are also available.
The federal or state government subsidizes part-time jobs for eligible work-study students. Available jobs can foster a wide variety of skills and responsibilities. The amount of work-study award varies and is determined by financial need and availability of funds.
The work-study programs are need-based and require that you secure and work at a job on or off campus and maintain satisfactory performance on the job. Earnings are based on rate of pay and number of total hours worked throughout the academic year. Since work-study money is earned - students may or may not earn their entire award. Earnings are based on rate of pay and number of total hours worked throughout the academic year. During the academic year, students may work no more than 19 hours per week during the quarter and may work up to 40 hours during evaluation week and breaks between quarters. Students are responsible for applying for available positions.
More information from the Student Employment Office.
Students and families sometimes need help to cover the costs of attending college. We have several kinds of loans that might be helpful if you are experiencing a gap between your available funds and your needs.
Federal Direct Subsidized Loan is like the Federal Stafford Subsidized Loan you may have previously borrowed and is for students with demonstrated financial need, as determined by federal regulations. No interest is charged on subsidized loans while you are in school at least half-time, during your grace period, and during deferment periods.
The Direct Unsubsidized Loan is like the Federal Stafford Unsubsidized Loan you may have previously borrowed and this loan is not based on financial need. Interest will be charged during all periods of this loan.
Federal Perkins Loans are low-interest, long-term loans offered to needy undergraduate students. The Evergreen State College is the lender for the Perkins Loan and administers the program according to federal regulations. Evergreen's Perkins Loan fund is a revolving fund. In other words, when loans are repaid, funds are then available for future Perkins Loan borrowers.
PLUS Loans are parent loans that are available under the Direct PLUS Loan program. These loans are low-interest loans available to parents of dependent students. Interest is charged during all periods and repayment begins 60 days after the last disbursement of the loan for the academic year.
If you are a dependent student and you have been offered a Parent Plus loan, you, the student, will receive instructions and information via your Evergreen email on how your parents can apply for this loan with the Federal Department of Education. Please forward this information to your parents.
Awarded on a competitive basis. Criteria vary from scholarship to scholarship; some are strictly merit based and others combine merit and financial need. The Enrollment Services Office no longer publishes an undergraduate scholarships brochure. Please visit the Undergraduate Scholarships & Tuition Awards page for more information about scholarships.
TEACH Grant
Students enrolled in the Masters in Teaching (MIT) program at The Evergreen State College are the only students eligible to apply to receive the Federal TEACH grant. Students admitted to the MIT program will be notified via email about how to apply for the TEACH grant. Students that apply for TEACH will be offered the grant once all necessary transcripts and evaluation materials are reviewed. Please refer to the Department of Education website below for more information about how to qualify for the TEACH grant and the details and stipulations required of a student who receives a TEACH grant.
Information about the TEACH Grant from the Department of Education
Enrollment Services receives scholarship announcements along with applications from many outside sources. Explore these other scholarship opportunities.


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Hey Beauties,
Look at this newbie! CoverGirl has new lip balms on the market. In addition,they created TEN new lip balms just for us beauty queens. We cant get enough of all the love the makeup gurus are giving us this year..Oh Sugar! Its not lipstick its actually lip balm with a hint of color.This lip balm is so different from the old school lip balm in a tiny tin can…Who say lip balm cant be cute!
See what CoverGirl have to say about their new products:
CoverGirl's Colorlicious Oh Sugar! Lip Balm is a vitamin infused, moisturizing lip treatment that nourishes, protects and smooths lips. Grapeseed oil, avocado butter and vitamins C and E lock in moisture, keeping lips soft

subset: commoncrawl


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SOMERSWORTH — Laurie Thomas braved the aisles of the Market Basket Thursday afternoon to buy items she may not be able to get when the impending nor'easter strikes the New England region today.
"It's still friendly and pleasant right now," she said, clearly having developed a good game plan for hitting the store before the blizzard and before reduced supplies brought out tension in frenzied shoppers.
Shopping carts themselves were a hot commodity at the store as shoppers stocked up on essentials for the snowstorm expected to bury New England in a couple feet starting later today.
"I've never seen lines like that," Thomas, of Rollinsford, said.
Thomas was amazed at the number of people flooding the store, where aisles were running low on bottled water, bread, milk and a plethora of other everyday supplies.
"You wouldn't believe the people in there," Barbara Marshall, of Dover, said.
Checkout lines ran from registers all the way around to the bakery and frozen food aisles where exasperated patrons leaned on carts and struck up conversations with shopping associates.
Marshall was filling the back of her Dodge Caravan with bottled water and dry goods.
She said she was just getting the same type of items she purchases every week, but was doing so a day early. And she was hoping meteorologists predicting upward of two feet of snow were very wrong.
"Hopefully that's just Boston and not us," she said.
Describing her hometown, she said it normally either gets nothing at all in the way of snow — or a whole lot.
"It's just a special little town," she said.
Meanwhile, shoppers inside the store remained hopeful that they would get through their shopping lists and the lines to exit the store with the goods they came for.
As lines continued to form, and seemingly remained stationary while clerks swiped goods as fast as they could from the conveyor belts and into bags, signs of hope were heard throughout.
"I think we can get through," one shopper shouted to a friend.
"I see a shorter line over here," another hollered.
Some, however were not as hopeful. A number of "oh my god" exclamations were heard as shoppers rounded corners with their carts.
In the parking lot, at least one customer who had survived the shopping ordeal wondered what all the fuss was about.
Russell Wild was planning on having company for dinner Thursday evening and needed to shop for food regardless of the storm. Knowing the scene might be a hectic one, though, he still debated whether to actually go.
When a neighbor called the Dover resident to warn of the masses already at Market Basket early on Thursday, he decided it was best to get to the store.
He'd received a notice from Cocheco Park managers warning residents that they may be trapped for days, and possibly without power due to the storm.
He wondered, though, was this all really a surprise?
"Hello. This is New Hampshire and it's winter," he said.
That was the sentiment he found most comical in all the grocery store shenanigans.
"They have plows. How long do you think you're going to be trapped?" he asked.
Wild recalled a time in 1982 when he worked in Washington, D.C, and, he said, the county of Arlington, Va., had only one snow plow.
"I had to drive everybody home," he said.
While he knew the likelihood of New England being hit with an amount of snow not seen in decades was good, he still found humor in the general public's attitude bordering on panic.
"It snows all the time. Where do you live?" he said.


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The Specialty Hospital is a pioneer private teaching hospital, delivering full range of high quality diagnostic and therapeutic services using the state of the art technology.
Chest & Heart Surgery
Heart Bypass
upon request
This information is intended for general information only and should not be considered as medical advice on the part of Health-Tourism.com. Any decision on medical treatments, after-care or recovery should be done solely upon proper consultation and advice of a qualified physician.
Bypass surgery, also called coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, is a surgical procedure performed to relieve angina and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease.
Arteries or veins are grafted from different parts of the patient's body to the coronary arteries in order to bypass the atherosclerotic narrowings and improve the blood supply to the coronary circulation supplying the heart muscle.
This surgery is usually performed with the heart stopped, necessitating the usage of cardiopulmonary bypass.
Bypass surgery is the most common major surgery in the USA, with over 500,000 surgeries performed anually.
New techniques for CABG:
- OCABG (off-pump CABG), is a technique to perform CABG on a beating heart.
- MICABG (minimally invasive CABG) is a technique where the incision is smaller, reducing some of the risks of this surgery.
Copyright © 2008 - 2020 Health-Tourism.com, All Rights Reserved


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Become "Sustainability at Work" certified
The Portland Bureau of Transportation is working with the Sustainability at Work program to certify Portland employers that integrate sustainable practices into their company actions.
Why should your business become certified?
Market your business as a sustainable community leader.
Reduce operating costs and invest in company efficiency and employee productivity.
Be recognized through Sustainability at Work advertisements as a certified business.
Use the Sustainability at Work Certified logo on your company materials.
Click here to get started.


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EDIT: I figured it out finally, I actually did need to use a for loop. Here's my solution to my own problem:
Hello, I want to compute whether a number is prime or not but I can't seem to do it. I don't think it's that hard because I'm new to Java but I am stumped.
I can't seem to make a given input be divisible by only 1 and the number itself.
Here's what I wrote so far using If-else statements:
String pnS = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter a positive integer: "); int p = Integer.parseInt(pnS); //user enters an integer if (p < 2) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "not prime"); } else if ((p % 2 == 0) || (p % 3 == 0)) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "not prime"); } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "prime!"); }
How would I show whether it's prime or not? I've searched around on the internet and found people using for loops, which i know how to do but I don't see it applying in my case because they just list prime numbers in a certain number of iterations while I'm trying to figure out whether a certain number is prime or not.
Thank you.


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40 mm
Archive_SP1 Watch
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$75.00 $37.50
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A streetwear style with versatile functions to take you through the day. This digital watch features a soft silicone strap for a comfortable fit. The bold, three-colour style is a nod to adidas' athletic DNA.
- Watch Movement CUSTOM MODULE
- Watch Band SILICONE STRAP W/ POLYCARBONATE BUCKLE
- Watch Dial CUSTOM SEGMENTED LCD
- Watch Case POLYCARBONATE CASE AND PUSHERS W/ SILICONE OVER-MOLD
- Water Rating 50 METER / 5 ATM


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You are right that the original sentence is awkward at best.Originally Posted by Helped Wanted
- My workload has been so heavy that I have often had to work till midnight.
The second sentence could use a little tweaking. Try:
- I have so much homework and housework to do that I often have to work till midnight.
What do you think?
Helped WantedGuest


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The dedicated staff strives each month to produce a magazine of exceptional quality.
One that creates community pride among readers and highlights services
offered by local businesses here on Delmarva.
Thirty years ago, the magazine was created by owners Doug and Carol Naarup
in a one-room office and was only 28 pages. Today, with an average of 100 pages, the magazine has grown to a circulation of 28,000 Verified Copies distributed across the Eastern Shore.
The Metropolitan is the only magazine on the Easten Shore of Maryland with verified Circulation.
The Metropolitan is still locally owned and operated by the Naarups and its staff is still focused on exceptional client service.


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- Story eg A lynched child killer haunts the children of his murderers to their deaths.
- Plot eg Police investigate ritual murders that are reminiscent of a deceased serial killer (Exorcist 3).
- Actor(s) eg Do I connect? Do I care? Do I believe? Yes. Her name is Heather Langenkamp.
Such elements make for a good movie. The following added criteria make for repeated viewing ie a great movie.
- Moments eg Frankenstein (1931) throws a little girl into a river thinking she would float.
- Music – John Carpenter, Candyman (1990), The Exorcist (1973).
- The Big Bad eg Freddy Kruger.
Pacing, atmosphere and lighting serve to enhance the experience. Of course these elements cannot exist without story however they can turn good film into great film eg Halloween (1978).
Horror exists within its own genre. There are notable movies that will not make the Thrill Fiction list. The sci-fi or the thriller does not become horror simply because it is scary. Horror is intent – it is not incident. Thus with scant respect for the misinterpretation by the mainstream media here is a number of noteworthy exceptions;
- Psycho 1960 – psychological thriller
- The Thing 1982 – sci-fi
- The Fly 1986 – sci-fi
- Jaws 1975 - thriller
- Alien 1979 – sci-fi
- Invasion of the Body Snatchers 1956 – sci-fi
- The Stepford Wives 1972 - psychological drama
- Pans Labyrinth 2006 - fantasy
- Les Diaboliques 1955 - psychological drama
- Spoorloos 1988- psychological drama
Cinema is the art of story telling with moving pictures - it is a communal experience akin to tales round the campfire. As a child I sat on the floor with my peers in a semi-circle around Mrs Hulme. She read us The Pied Piper.
It haunts me still.
20 Night of the Living Dead 1990
I was born in the year of the original ergo I can only see its impact through the eyes of others. One can view the documentary The American Nightmare[1] (2000) to appreciate that impact. Horror bears witness: John Carpenter, Tobe Hooper, Wes Craven, George A Romero, David Cronenberg. There are others.
The original was a commentary of their time. Their time was a pre-democracy
Our time is different.
Our horrors remain the same.
The remake follows the trajectory of the original. However unlike Psycho (1998) this is not a scene-for-scene carbon copy. An update is an apt description. Yet removed from the social political context of '68 this version was in danger of being a boo! movie. Scared ya. That's all.
Ben: "You can be boss down there.
I'm boss up here."
1990 was the year Nelson Mandela walked out of apartheid prison. In this film a black man and a white man fight over territory.
There is context. There is Tony Todd, Patricia Tallman and Tom Towles. With a bigger budget comes better actors and production. The three leads have chemistry that combusts this movie. Tallman is one of few credible successors to Sigourney Weaver and Towles brings the conflict to life. And death.
Night of the Living Dead (1990) does not have the same cultural impact as its original. It is the better movie regardless.
19 Halloween 1978
It's the most important horror film in the last 30 years. Every slasher movie since is a direct descendant and every torture porn flick a poor relative. The set up is concise, the build up is involving and the pay off rewarding. Michael Myers switches from maniac to monster behind Laurie Strode's back and an icon is born. Despite the sequels and the remakes every year has only one Halloween.
18 Invasion of the Body Snatchers 1978
The original, made in 1956, is not a horror film. It is classic[2] cinema that serves as an allegory of McCarthyism and communism. This '78 version was also adapted from the novel The Body Snatchers by Jack Finney. The point is Finney wrote a great story. The remake, like the original, is a great adaptation.
Director Phillip Kaufman filmed this version as horror. Backed by an alarmist score his camera induces anxiety, paranoia and claustrophobia. The protagonists are trapped indoors and out. The great city of
A word of praise to the cast including Kevin McCarthy in perhaps the best movie cameo ever.
Thrillers and horror are guilty of the 'surprise ending'. This device is overwhelmingly abused and contrived. The surprise ending in this film is in the same league as that in Planet of the Apes. The original. Not the remake.
17 Les Yeux Sans Visage 1960
Every vampire needs a watchdog. Its human helper. Its collaborator. It's Uncle Tom. Alida Valli harvests young girls for her master. Dr Génessier processes them a la Frankenstein. His daughter is the vampire.
What kind of culture goes to such macabre lengths to obtain and maintain beauty[3]? By implication do these people not envy the young and the pretty? Do they not hate them? It is not beauty the vampire achieves. It is a ghoulish visage.
Eyes Without a Face is a ghoul story of despair, desperation and madness. Though its score is disarming the film is eerie in almost every scene. I cannot think of a movie more perfect for a
This type of film does not frighten. It horrifies.
16 The Others 2001 SPAIN/US
I dislike Nicole Kidman. I saw what all the fuss was about in Dead Calm (1989) or rather I didn't see what all the fuss was about. This woman remained in leading roles flop after flop[4]. She divorced Tom Cruise too late. The damage was done. The public had been beaten into submission.
Then along came The Others.
This is haunted house story is set in Jersey, an island in the
There are two children; a wee boy and a girl. These child actors are not
I don't like Nicole Kidman. I was rooting for her 100% in this movie. She gives a bravura performance; tension racked, highly strung, anxious, stressful, obstinate. With ash blonde hair she is actually quite beautiful in a quiet way. After watching this film I had to concede what the
15 Ju-On 2: The Grudge 2003
It helps to have seen Ju-On: The Grudge but even if not this ghost story spooks from the first scene. There is a two ghost onslaught that is both mute and malevolent. Nothing is beyond their hatred not even the unborn.
Like its predecessor this is a portmanteau film with each section interconnected and overlapping another. How many years have passed since the original film is unclear but enough for a TV crew enter the haunted house to film a documentary. The leads of each section will have to face the ghosts but Chiharu's haunting is the worst. The school girl pays the piper for wanting to be a movie star.
This is J-horror at its best. The motifs and techniques have been copied and plundered all over Asian and North American cinema. In time it will be regarded a classic. This is a film made with one purpose – to induce horror. It does so inventively and relentlessly.
It is genre purity.
14 Zombie Flesh Eaters 1979
"'The key to exploitation cinema is,' Roger Corman
always says, 'you get someone who wants to
be Visconti or Fellini or Antonioni and you get
them to make Stripped to Kill 3.'"
Mark Kermode[5]
Also known as Zombi 2 in the
Though plot and story are rated 10 the acting is not. Bear in mind this is a low budget flick; you get monkeys – and Mia Farrow's sister – for peanuts. Be that as it may horror fans are prepared to overlook shoddy acting. It comes with the genre.
An unmanned boat drifts into
If the plot is the star then the score is the scene stealer. Giorgio Tucci and Fabio Frizzi create a rhythmic, haunting and menacing masterpiece. It is better than the Carpenter score for Halloween.
Director Lucio Fulci opens strong and imbues the whole film with tension. His camera tracks the twitches and the terror as it comes. Despite the thrust of the pace the first encounter with the island zombies is a visual ambush. There are other set pieces; the curtain raiser, the shark attack, the graveyard, the last stand. The most infamous one was banned in
Some horror films do exactly what it says on the tin. There is no agenda, no subtext, no subplot. For better or worse. Intelligent zombie films are too few and far between. What Zombie Flesh Eaters[6] lacks in insight it makes up for in verve.
13 Peeping Tom 1960
The movie opens with a POV camera stalking a trusting girl.
He kills her.
In 1960 the celebrated Alfred Hitchcock was in
In 1979 Martin Scorsese helped re-release the film to a wider audience in
As far as the movie itself is concerned there's a term we have in wrestling - mark out.
The Criterion Collection DVD[10] contains the documentary A Very British Psycho. Buy it. Own it forever. This is a work of genius.
12 The Wicker Man 1973
Storytelling is best depicted in the novel. Cinema may well be best sourced from the novel[11]. This movie is a story of occupation, colonialism and imperialism. That such an obscure British film has endured for so long is testament to the quality of its tale. In recent years there has been a rediscovery and upsurge in its popularity. Along came
Lord Summerilse: "Come. It is time to keep your
appointment with the Wicker
11 The Exorcist 1973
Adapted from the novel by William Peter Blatty and directed by wunderkind William Friedkin this is possibly the most infamous horror film of all time. During the 20th century my experience of this movie was urban myth. Warner Bros withdrew it from the
Legend has it priests sprinkled holy water on patrons upon its '73 release. During screenings it is said people vomited, fainted and fled. The furore resulted in an increase in church attendances. I'm a (lapsed) Pentecostal Christian. I can see why.
Science has scant answers for the occurrences in the universe. Have you ever broken a dream? All the scientific community can do is superimpose a hypothesis over the facts. Rarely do they say 'I don't know'. Ditto the medical profession. Thus we have the voodoo science of psychiatry/psychology and diagnosis such as bi-polar, schizophrenia, Munchausen's syndrome et cetera. The 'cures' are worse: lobotomy, shock treatment, opiates.
Regan MacNeil suffers the carousel of witch doctors until one of them suggests a priest. The demon within her fights back. The war between good and evil is fought over the body of a child.
The Exorcist is a work of fiction. Based on fact. You the viewer have the God given free will to believe what you choose. I believe The Exorcist is a great horror film.
Mark Kermode believes it is the greatest film ever made.
Storytelling is the nth degree of communication. Horror films afford us the thrill of fear with no consequence. Between 2003 and 2008 135 horror flicks were theatrically released in
I want to thank DTW once again for pointing me to The Wicker Man and Ricky Sprague for pointing out Les Yeux Sans Visage. You're a friend. I'd also like to thank my girrl Lex, thanks to Dominic, Carly, the kid Cody and D Dumond. The top 10 was fun. Oh and Kiriyama? I don't thank you.
Last but not least my gratitude to everyone who took the time to read The 10 Best Horror Films. Blogging is a form of communication too. I want your feedback and your thoughts as horrifying as they may well be.
I'm a fan. Like you are.
Read more Thrill Fiction: Re/Made – The Last House on the Left
Technorati Tags:the 20 best horror films, night of the living dead, halloween, eyes without a face, les yeux sans visage, invasion of the body snatchers, the others, ju-on 2 the grudge, zombi 2, zombie flesh eaters, peeping tom, the wicker man, the exorcist
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Grief has been identified as the "constant yet hidden companion" of dementia (Kenneth J. Doka). Caregivers often experience a continuous and profound sense of loss and subsequent grief as they live through the changes associated with the progression of the disease. You may be grieving the losses that are occurring in your own life as well as in the life of the person with dementia.
Grieving is an up and down process. In the earlier stages of the person's dementia, you may swing between despair and wild optimism that a cure will soon be found. You may even deny that anything is wrong with the person and try to suppress your feelings. Later, if you have accepted the situation, you may find that there are periods when you can cope well and make the best of things. At other times, you may feel overwhelmed by sadness or anger, or you may simply feel numb.
Feelings like these are a normal part of grieving, but if you experience them, it is important to realize that you may be under a great deal of stress and you may need to seek emotional support for yourself.
Tips for coping with grief:
- Feel the pain. Allow yourself to really feel what you are feeling, no matter what that is. Denying your feelings only intensifies and prolongs the pain.
- Cry. Tears can be therapeutic. Let them cleanse and relieve the pain inside. Relieve tension through shouting or punching a cushion. However, make sure that the person with dementia is safe and out of earshot or you may distress her.
- Talk. Share the pain. It is important to talk about your feelings even at the most difficult times. Sharing grief will help diminish it. It can be helpful to talk to a person outside the family, such as a counsellor or trusted friend. Joining an Alzheimer Society support group gives you the opportunity to talk with others who are on a similar journey.
- Keep a journal. A journal is a private place where anything can be written including unfulfilled wishes, guilt, anger and any other thoughts and feelings. A journal is a place where you can explore your frustrations and express your thoughts and ideas without interruption.
- Consider your own needs. If you spend a lot of time with the person with dementia, taking regular breaks can keep you in touch with the outside world and raise your morale. Just relaxing with a cup of tea or having a good chat on the phone will help you recharge your batteries and cope with your emotions.
- Find comfort. Different people have different ways of finding comfort. For many there is comfort in rituals, such as prayer, meditation or other activities.
- Hold off. Tread carefully before making decisions. Thoroughly explore all options before making major steps. You may be unable to make important decisions at times.
- Be kind to yourself. Be patient with your feelings. Find a balance between the happy and sad person, the angry and peaceful, and the guilty and glad self. Have patience with yourself.
- Learn to laugh again. Rediscover your sense of humour. Watch a funny movie, read the comics, or spend time with a friend who makes you laugh. Finding joy in life can be one way of honouring the happy times you used to share with the person with dementia.
It is fairly common for people facing dementia to experience depression, but this should not be regarded as inevitable. Depression is treatable. Speak to your doctor if you are concerned about depression.
Sources: Alzheimer's Society of UK; Alzheimer's Australia; "Living with Grief – Alzheimer's disease," Hospice Foundation of America (2004)
Grieving in the final stages of dementia
When the person with dementia reaches the final stages, he may no longer be able to recognize you or communicate with you, which can be very painful. Although the person is still alive, you may still feel a sense of bereavement because you have lost the person he once was. You are aware that the relationship between you is almost over, yet you can't mourn the person fully because he is still alive. At this time, you may find that just sitting together holding hands or placing an arm around the person may give you both comfort. It may also help to comfort you to remember that you did all you could.
Some caregivers of a person with dementia find that they have grieved the loss of the person for so long that they don't have strong feelings of grief when the person dies. Others do experience a range of emotional reactions. These may include:
- Feeling numb
- Denial of the situation
- Shock and pain, even when death was expected
- Relief both for the person with dementia and for the caregiver
- Guilt
- Sadness
- Feelings of isolation
- A sense of lack of purpose
For some people, it is normal to go through these feelings for a long time. If you have been looking after someone with dementia, you may feel a huge void in your life when the person has gone. Even if you are coping well generally, you may still find there are times when you feel especially sad or upset. Celebrations and family events such as birthdays may be particularly hard, and you may need to lean on family and friends for support during these times. During the months following the person's death, try to avoid making any major decisions, when you are still feeling shocked or vulnerable. Seek out your family physician if you need help with anxiety or depression.
Additional resources
- MyGrief.ca is an online resource to help you understand grief and work through some of the difficult issues you may be facing. This site was developed by a team of grief experts and people who have experienced significant loss in their own lives, to help people like you.


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Researchers find evidence of survival gains in bone marrow disease
A recent study, published in the December issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, demonstrates new survival data for the blood disorder myelofibrosis. This retrospective study is the largest ever conducted in young patients with primary myelofibrosis.
Myelofibrosis is a serious disorder that disrupts the body's normal production of blood cells. The result is extensive scarring in the bone marrow, leading to severe anemia, weakness, fatigue and often, an enlarged spleen and liver.
"In the past 20 years, management of primary myelofibrosis has incorporated new treatment approaches, but survival benefits for patients have not been confirmed," says Ayalew Tefferi, M.D., senior author of the study and a Mayo Clinic hematologist. "Our study reviewed almost 30 years of data on myelofibrosis to obtain mature survival data in the particular patient population."
Study findings suggest that high- to intermediate-risk patients in whom the diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis was made after 1986 lived longer than those whose diagnosis was made earlier. The improvement in survival was most impressive for patients whose diagnosis was made in the most recent decade (ie, 1996-2005) in which median survival was not reached.
"Such retrospective studies cannot accurately identify the reasons for improved survival but alert clinical investigators to avoid using historical controls to determine the value of new treatment modalities such as allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation," says Dr. Tefferi.
"These observations are encouraging and suggest a beneficial effect from modern therapeutic approaches in myelofibrosis. The current findings are based on retrospective observation and need to be validated in properly designed prospective studies."
Source: Mayo Clinic (news : web)


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The top wellness benefit that workers want is a fitness center discount, but these discounts are not the top benefit offered by employers, according to the latest Principal Financial Well-Being Index.
The top four wellness benefits that workers would most like to see their employer offer are fitness center discounts (25 percent), on-site preventive screenings (22 percent), access to wellness experts such as nutritionists (21 percent) and onsite fitness facilities (19 percent), according to the index, which surveys American workers at growing businesses with 10 to 1,000 workers. However, the top four wellness benefits offered by employers are online wellness information (19 percent), educational tools or resources (18 percent), fitness center discounts (17 percent) and printed wellness information (17 percent). Access to wellness experts was available to 11 percent of those surveyed.
The survey, which was conducted by Harris Interactive for global investment management company Principal Financial Group, found that Americans work harder, are more productive and miss fewer days of work if they participate in wellness benefit programs. Forty-one percent of the workers surveyed agree that having a wellness program encourages them to work harder and perform better at work.
According to the research, 52 percent of workers (up from 37 percent last year) said they have more energy to be more productive at work by participating in a wellness program. Another 35 percent (up from 28 percent a year ago) said that they have missed fewer days of work by participating in a wellness program.
"Americans' increasing sense of personal responsibility for their physical well-being leads to workers showing up to work and staying productive while there," Lee Dukes, president of Principal Wellness Company, a subsidiary of the Principal Financial Group, said in a release about the report. "Employers who embrace a culture of wellness in their workplaces can benefit in return with not only costs-savings but healthier and more engaged employees."
Forty-five percent of workers chose better overall physical health as the top benefit to participating in a wellness program. Other top mentions included receiving a meaningful incentive from their employer for participation (30 percent) and reduced personal health care costs, greater chance of living a longer, healthier life and reduced stress (29 percent each). Fifty-five percent of workers rated wellness activities offered by an employer as very successful or somewhat successful in improving health and reducing health risks.


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How to Capture Liquid Smoke
Liquid smoke is the most difficult byproduct of a wet machining operation to capture.
Liquid smoke is the most difficult byproduct of a wet machining operation to capture. Although smoke is typically thought of simply as a dark cloud coming off a fire, the liquid smoke generated during wet machining is very different. Liquid smoke is created by processes that heat and/or compresses the coolant under high pressure, such as machining hard metals with straight-oil coolants. These processes produce a vapor that condenses back into a cloud consisting of liquid droplets measuring from 0.7 to 1.0 micron.
This is different from traditional machining mist, although both present health, safety and environmental risks if not properly captured. Mist, which can be created when using oil-based or water-soluble coolants, contains liquid droplets measuring as much as 20 microns in size (although these droplets can be smaller depending on how much heat and/or pressure is applied to the coolant). At 0.7 micron in size, liquid smoke droplets are almost 30 times smaller than average mist droplets, and capturing them requires a very efficient and well-thought-out mist collecting system.
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First: Minimize Generation of Liquid Smoke
There are ways to minimize the amount of liquid smoke a process generates. One way is to cool the process. Because liquid smoke is often created by heat, cooling the process before the airstream reaches the mist collector gives the liquid smoke a chance to condense back into a liquid. This can be accomplished by simply drawing cooler air into the process airstream. It is recommended that the air is cooled to less than 105°F at least fifteen feet prior to reaching the mist collector. This ensures that liquid smoke does not condense after the mist collector, which might otherwise give the appearance of poor mist collector efficiency.
Slowing the airstream velocity within a system's ducts may also enable liquid smoke to condense more fully prior to reaching the mist collector. Velocities of 2,500 feet per minute often provide sufficient time for more complete condensation. Slowing the duct velocity lower than this can be problematic, however, because mist can collect and pool in the duct. That said, providing a slight slope in the ducts helps minimize "pooling."
If smoke is still exhausting from a mist collector even after the above modifications are in place, a more focused effort on final filtration may necessary. And the correct approach depends on the amount of liquid smoke being emitted. If considerable liquid smoke is generated, a multi-stage mist collector may be the best solution. Conversely, lighter amounts of liquid smoke may simply require an after-filter following the mist collector's primary filter.
Second: Consider After-Filter Choices
Two types of after-filters are commonly used in wet machining applications: HEPA and 95-percent DOP filters. HEPA filters deliver 99.97-percent efficiency on materials measuring 0.3 micron in size, but offer limited filtration holding capacity. A 95-percent DOP filter can achieve five times the life of a HEPA filter, but it offers only 95-percent efficiency on 0.3-micron-sized materials. This is often acceptable, however, because most liquid smoke droplets average 0.7 micron in size. A 95-percent DOP filter might be 98- to 99-percent efficient for such droplets. Plus, this level of efficiency may enable air quality from a mist collector to achieve federal, state or local standards. In addition, a 95-percent DOP filter costs about the same as a HEPA filter even though it typically achieves longer life.
Third: Pick the Correct Mist Collector
If a wet machining process generates a significant amount of liquid smoke, the best option for economic operation is to effectively capture and remove the smoke prior to the after-filters. Therefore, it is important to understand the efficiencies of common mist collection equipment in the industry.
A very common version is the centrifugal mist collector. Centrifugal mist collectors are generally small, relatively inexpensive and often require infrequent filter replacement. A typical centrifugal mist collector can offer roughly 98-percent efficiency on materials measuring 1 micron. This efficiency decreases as the size of the materials decrease. Because the average size of liquid smoke droplets is 0.7 micron, the efficiency of a centrifugal collector may not meet the standards, and an after-filter would be needed (many centrifugal mist collectors can be fitted with an after-filter). Centrifugal mist collectors also have limited airflow capacity, typically 500 cfm or less.
Barrier-filter mist collectors are another popular form of airstream filtration. These collectors typically consist of aluminum mesh screens for large, heavy mists, followed by a series of polyester-based panels or cartridges. When a process generates a significant amount of liquid smoke, a barrier filter can offer higher levels of filtration and airflow than centrifugal mist collectors. As an example, a cross-flow fiber filter enables dirty air to flow horizontally through the walls of the filter, causing collected mist to drain down the filter. This option can offer a filtration efficiency of 99.3 percent for materials measuring 1.2 microns with airflows up to 1000 cfm at 4 inches of external static pressure. These performance levels are difficult and expensive for centrifugal collectors to achieve. Plus, this collector design increases filter life and limits maintenance cost.
Although capturing liquid smoke can be challenging, a filtration solution will generally be within reach. Maintaining proper duct velocity, sloping ducts and lowering airstream temperatures inside ducts will help simplify liquid smoke filtration. Ultimately, the proper filtration system for a wet-machining process should yield a low operating cost as it removes the problematic material from the airstream.
About the author: Nick Welter is a district manager for Donaldson Torit.


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Summary and Keywords
The history of dockworkers in America is as fascinating and important as it is unfamiliar. Those who worked along the shore loading and unloading ships played an invaluable role in an industry central to both the U.S. and global economies as well as the making of the nation. For centuries, their work remained largely the same, involving brute manual labor in gangs; starting in the 1960s, however, their work was entirely remade due to technological transformation. Dockworkers possess a long history of militancy, resulting in dramatic improvements in their economic and workplace conditions. Today, nearly all are unionists, but dockworkers in ports along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts belong to the International Longshoremen's Association (ILA), while the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) represents them in Pacific Coast ports as well as in Hawaii and Alaska (along with British Columbia and Panama). In the mid-1930s, the ILA and ILWU became bitter rivals and remain so. This feud, which has cooled slightly since its outset, can be explained by differences in leadership, ideology, and tactics, with the ILA more craft-based, "patriotic," and mainstream and the ILWU quite left wing, especially during its first few decades, and committed to fighting for racial equality. The existence of two unions complicates this story; in most countries, dockworkers belong to a single union. Similarly, America's massive economy and physical size means that there are literally dozens of ports (again, unlike many other countries), making generalizations harder. Unfortunately, popular culture depictions of dockworkers inculcate unfair and incorrect notions that all dockworkers are involved with organized crime. Nevertheless, due to decades of militancy, strikes, and unionism, dockworkers in 21st-century America are—while far fewer in number—very well paid and still do important work, literally making world trade possible in an era when 90 percent of goods move by ship for at least part of their journey to market.
Keywords: Casualization, containerization, dockworkers, labor, longshoremen, maritime, precarious, strikes, unions, working class
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Thor Congratulates Kurt Caselli
November 6, 2012 11:25am
Thor MX would like to congratulate Factory KTM off-road rider Kurt Caselli, who earned his second-consecutive AMA National Hare and Hound Championship. While an injury suffered at the fifth round of the championship put Caselli's title hopes in doubt, he took on the challenge and came back stronger than ever following the summer break. He captured wins at the final three rounds to bring his season total to a season-high seven victories. Following a season full of ups and downs, Thor is excited to see Caselli overcome adversity and come out on top once again, showing the true mark of a champion.


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Protect your Xperia C4 with a single-piece, impact-resistant hard shell plastic case. This Xperia C4 Bear Roar phone case showcases an exclusive super-slim design with the lay-flat that feature protects the front of your Xperia C4 by extending the bezel above the screen.
We offer absolutely free shipping on orders above ₹2499. Orders are dispatched within 72 to 96 working hours due to COVID19 impact and it will take 5-10 working days to get it delivered to your doorstep. You'll receieve an email with the tracking details of your order within 24 hours of scheduling dispatch. If you do not receive any update about shipping of your order, please WhatsApp us on +91 8800110505 / write to us at firstname.lastname@example.com with your order number mentioned in subject.
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Combining beauty with practicality, this Swedish Modern Collection is both fashionable and timeless. Made in America, eco-friendly, full extension soft closing glides, custom capabilities, numerous standard and limitless custom finishes – Swedish Collection by Zoya Bograd, ASID is the finest in the world. This Swedish Modern furniture redefines Heirloom quality that will withstand the test of time and grow with your Baby to Child to Teen to Adult.
22"W x 18"D X 24"H


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Professional bakeries began appearing in Italy around the 2nd century BC. Schools were put in place to teach technique to aspiring bakers. While Italian desserts today feature many unique ingredients, desserts in earlier times were very plain. Sugar wasn't introduced until the Middle Ages and chocolate came to Italy in the 16th century.
Different desserts were born for different reasons in Italy. Some dry cookie-like desserts were thought to be made for sailors who needed long lasting food items to take on their voyages. Other more elaborate desserts were created to commemorate important historic events or holidays in Italy. Many of these recipes have been passed down through families for generations. Great care is taken to preserve their traditional characteristics.
Across Italy, regional variations to desserts can be found. From biscotti and amaretti, to the elaborate creations such as tiramisù, pandoro, and panettone, the Italians are in no shortage for confectionary creativity. Italian desserts, candy, and chocolate are in a class of their own.
Learn More and have all the information you need at your fingertips with our fun and easy handbook!
GARRUBBO GUIDE: The Importance of Eating Italian
Types of Desserts
Amaretti – These small cookies made from sugar, flour, eggs, and Amaretto (replacing the original almond ingredient) have a unique history. Legend has it; a baker and his fiancée gathered all of the ingredients and developed a special gift for the visiting Cardinal of Milan in the 1700s. It was a tradition to provide sweets for the Cardinal and this time was no exception. The amaretti cookies pleased the Cardinal and he soon became a regular to their bakery. The tops of amaretti are sprinkled with crystalline sugar.
Aranci in Salsa di Marsala – This is a light and colorful Italian dessert combining fresh oranges, crushed Amaretti cookies, honey, mint sprigs, and Marsala wine. The oranges are peeled and separated at the top but left joined on the bottom so they can be opened up like flowers. A warm blend of honey and Marsala wine is poured over the orange flower. Finally, crushed Amaretti cookies and mint sprigs are used to garnish the finished creation.
Bigné di San Giuseppe – Light, puffy pastries from Rome that are typically baked in the weeks prior to St. Joseph's day, March 19. These pastries are deep fried and stuffed with cream. A final topping of powdered sugar is applied before the pastry is complete.
Biscotti – Small, dry, crumbly sweet pastries that are twice-baked in the oven to remove moisture are known to Italians as biscotti. These cookie-like pastries were particularly popular among sailors due to their long shelf-lives. Biscotti often make use of fruits and nuts as aids to their flavor. Italians love to dip their biscotti in wine; flavoring and softening the cookie at the same time.
Biscotti dei Fantasmi – A relatively recent Italian creation revolving around the American holiday of Halloween. Biscotti dei Fantasmi are known for their ginger flavor and ghost-like shape.
Brutti ma Buoni – A traditional Tuscan cookie, roughly translating to "ugly but good". The cookies aren't pretty but are highly regarded for their delicious flavor. Almonds, hazelnuts, pine nuts, amaretto, oranges, and more can be found in a Brutti ma Buoni recipe.
Canestrelli – These are doughnut-like desserts originally from the Monferrato area. The desserts have a decorated edge, in shortbread or almond paste. Canestrelli are covered in powdered sugar upon coming out of the oven.
Cannoli – Powdered sugar and ricotta cheese or mascarpone fill these fried pastry-dough tubes from Sicily. The filling is usually blended with chocolate, vanilla, rosewater, pistachio, or Marsala wine for flavoring. Cannoli can also be served completely dipped in chocolate.
Cantuccini – Oil, anise and almonds fill these sweet, twice-baked Italian biscuits from the town of Prato, near Florence. Slices are cut from the loaf and then baked once again to harden them. Cantuccini are often dipped in wine, coffee or any other after dinner beverage for softening.
Cassata – This Sicilian dessert makes use of fruit juices or liqueur which are soaked into a moist sponge cake. Next, cassata is layered with candied peel, ricotta cheese, and a cannoli-like filling of chocolate or vanilla. Traditionally, cassata is then covered in marzipan and pastel-green icing. Candied fruits are placed on top of the finished cassata. Cassata can have a summertime variation, substituting refreshing gelato for the ricotta filling.
Cavallucci – These rich Christmas pastries are flavored with anise, and known for their chewy texture. Tuscan honey, coriander, candied fruits, almonds and flour make up the list of ingredients for Cavallucci. The name most likely originated in 16th century Siena, where the pastries were served to stable-workers by rich aristocrats. Cavallucci literally means "little horses".
Cenci alla Fiorentina – A fried Tuscan pastry known for a delicious lemon flavor. The recipe is traditionally very basic and uses no nuts or chocolate. Oranges may be substituted for the lemon flavoring. The dough is tied into "love knots" before frying. Upon finish, Cenci alla Fiorentina are sprinkled lightly with confectioner's sugar.
Cioccolatini – Italian assorted chocolate are in a class of-their-own. Baci, Italy's most popular chocolate candy is a mixture of crushed hazelnuts and chocolate. Boeri is another popular chocolate candy in Italy; it consists of a brandied cherry inside rich, dark chocolate. Cioccolatini range in size, shape, texture, color and filling. Italians are free to use their culinary creativity in the world of cioccolatini.
Colomba – Flour, sugar, egg yolk, milk, butter, almonds and orange peel combine to create this Italian dove-shaped cake. Legend tells that the Milanesi witnessed three doves fly from a church during their struggle against the Barbarossa at the Battle of Legnano. They believed it was this event that sparked their victory over the Barbarossa. The Milanesi celebrated throughout the years by eating the Colomba cake, with its delicate texture and golden crust.
Confetti – The traditional candy of Italian family celebrations. Confetti are candy-coated almonds; the shell comes from a sugar-syrup. The color of the confetti is very significant. Families will give white confetti for weddings, red for graduations, pink and blue for births, and many other variations. Abruzzo and Campania produce the majority of Italy's confetti.
Crostata – A pie-like Italian dessert traditionally filled with items like cherry, apricot, berry, and peach jams, crema pasticciera, fresh fruit, or a blended ricotta and cocoa or sugar filling. Crostata typically has a rough appearance, and is not perfectly circular.
Frappe – This Carnevale tradition uses the same dough as cannoli. The difference is, the dough is cut into strips and tied into knots much like Cenci alla Fiorentina. The strips are fried and lightly topped with confectioner's sugar.
Génoise – Named after Genoa, this sponge cake is known for its dry texture. Because of this, the cake is commonly soaked in liqueurs. Butter-cream frosting is a very common addition. Although being fairly lean, Génoise is made with whole eggs.
Gianduiotti – This is Italian chocolate of truly elite status. Gianduiotti, a mixture of milk, sugar, cocoa and Piedmontese hazelnuts, was hailed as the world's finest chocolate at the 1865 Carnival of Turin. In fact, the chocolate was held in such high regard that it was given the honor of being named after the Masque of Turin; Gianduja.
Krumiri – Piedmontese cookie sticks made from flour, butter and honey. Krumiri are striped and somewhat curved.
Liquirizia – Italian licorice is produced in strands, drops, confetti, and many other varieties. This candy is known to have some fantastic health benefits including soothing sore throats, reducing coughing, hoarseness, and helping to cure ulcers.
Marron Glacé – Cook Italian chestnuts in sugar syrup and reap the rewards. Marron Glacé are soft, candied chestnuts used primarily for gift giving due to their low production.
Nociata – This is a walnut and honey dessert from the Lazio region of Italy. Around Christmastime each year, one will most likely find this sticky, cinnamon-flavored dessert throughout Rome. The finished product is served in tiny loaves.
Ossa dei Morti Biscotti – These "bones of dead men" are traditionally served on All Souls Day. Italians are known to have picnics near the graves of loved ones on this day in a celebration of life, not death. Ossa dei Morti Biscotti are small, bone shaped cookies making use of cinnamon, clove, lemon, vanilla, almond, and many other flavors.
Pan di Spagna – An Italian sponge cake known for its vast array of uses. Pan di Spagna is the basis for many Italian desserts including layer cakes, roll cakes, and more. Many enjoy Pan di Spagna alone for its simple, delicious flavor and spongy texture.
Pandoro – One of the two Italian sweet yeast breads served mainly on Christmas day. This frustum-shaped bread with an 8-pointed star is usually coated in vanilla icing to represent snow. In ancient times, breads like Pandoro would be reserved for royalty, but everyone may enjoy them today. Domenico Melegatti, resident of Verona, attained a patent for producing Pandoro in 1894.
Panettone – Native to Milan, Panettone is one of the two Italian sweet yeast breads served mainly on Christmas day. Acidic dough used to make Panettone is cured before being shaped into a cupola which extends from a cylindrical base. Raisins, candied orange, citron, and lemon zest are added to the bread for flavoring. Regional variations for Panettone include serving with Crema di Mascarpone, or chocolate.
Panforte – A Tuscan fruit cake-like dessert making use of various fruits and nuts. Historical evidence refers to Crusaders carrying this hearty dessert for nourishment, and perhaps to satisfy their sweet tooth. The literal translation of panforte is "strong bread", which refers to the spicy flavor of the dessert. Siena is thought to be the home of panforte.
Panna Cotta – A dessert of Piedmontese origins, Panna cotta is made by dissolving unflavored gelatin in milk, then whisking the milk into sweetened heavy cream (sweetened with confectioner's sugar and vanilla extract). Panna cotta is refrigerated and served with a caramel or strawberry topping.
Pan Pepato – Pan pepato is often referred to as an Italian chocolate gingerbread. Raisins, almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, candied fruit, chocolate, cinnamon, amaretto, honey, nutmeg, and the characteristic black pepper combine to give this dessert its spicy flavor. This cake from Ferrara is typically served around Christmastime and New Year's.
Pastiera – This traditional Neapolitan cake is made by mixing ricotta cheese with eggs. Flower scented water is typically added, giving pastiera its characteristic floral aroma. A version of pastiera includes an addition of thick cream, which softens the cake. This fragile cake is traditionally baked for Easter.
Pignolata – This soft, Sicilian pastry is presented in small pieces and can serve many people. One half of pignolata is covered in lemon-flavored icing while the other half is covered in chocolate.
Pitta M'Pigliata – Also known is Pita Piata, Pitta M'Pigliata are very similar to cinnamon rolls. This Calabrian dessert is traditionally served during the Christmas season. Some ingredients include walnuts, raisins, brandy, orange juice, and of course, cinnamon.
Pizzella – Native to Abruzzo, this waffle-like cookie that varies between crisp and crunchy or soft and chewy depending on ingredients. Traditional flavorings include anise, vanilla, and lemon zest. A pizzelle iron is used in cooking the dessert, giving it a characteristic snowflake pattern. Pizzella are commonly used to create a dessert sandwich with cannoli cream or hazelnut spread as a filling. Pizzella in Lazio are known as ferratelle and as cancelle in Molise.
Ricciarelli – Crushed almonds, sugar and honey comprise these crunchy, diamond-shaped cookies from Italy. Ricciarelli are a favorite around celebrations and gatherings. Variations to the original recipe leave Ricciarelli coated in powdered sugar or frosted with chocolate.
Savoiardi – Flour, sugar, eggs, and butter are the simple ingredients of this Italian sponge cake native to Valle d'Aosta. Savoiardi is cut into slivers, leaving a crisp and golden crust around moist cake. Savoiardi is used to prepare tiramisu, and is also commonly eaten with Italian creams and sorbetti.
Sfogliatelle – These Italian pastries from the province of Salerno come in the form of a cone or shell with a layered texture. Typically, an orange-flavored ricotta filling is used. Variations include almond paste or candied peel fillings.
Sfogliatine – This cream-filled cookie from Venice comes in disc, rectangular, and fan shapes.
Spumoni – Fruits and nuts can usually be found in this molded Italian ice cream of varying layers of color and flavor. Chocolate and pistachio are the two most common flavors used in spumoni. A layer of whipped cream, fruit and nuts usually separates the varying flavors of ice cream. Cherry bits are a traditional addition. Spumoni is originally from Naples, and spawned the popular Neapolitan ice cream.
Struffoli – Originated in Naples, struffoli consists of marble-sized deep-fried dough balls. Struffoli are served warm with honey containing chopped nuts and orange peel.
Tiramisù – Espresso-dipped savoiardi is layered with egg yolk, sugar, and mascarpone or zabaglione to make this ultra-popular Italian dessert. Cocoa is sprinkled on top of the finished product. Sugar and liquor are optional in the dipping process. Tiramisù is a fairly recent creation; first produced in 1971.
Torrone – Ancient Romans regarded Torrone as a Godly offering. The honey, almond and albumen creation has many regional variations including the Campania version flavored with Strega liqueur. Hazelnuts, pistachios, and chocolate are common modern-day additions to Torrone. Note: Torrone gets its name from the Torione tower in the city of Cremona, which was given as a gift to Francesco Sforza from the father of Bianca Maria Visconti on their wedding day.
Zabaglione – This dessert sauce consists of egg yolk, sugar, and Marsala wine. The custard-like sauce is whipped; the result is a higher air content. Honey was an original ingredient but was replaced with sugar. Cream, mascarpone, or whole eggs are acceptable additions to the ingredient list. Italians serve figs with Zabaglione.
Zeppole – Custard, jelly, butter and honey, or cannoli cream typically fill these deep fried, sugar-coated dough balls served on St. Joseph's Day. Zeppole are characteristically light and airy, but are sometimes created in a more dense version. Savory varieties of Zeppole are often stuffed with anchovy.
Zuccotto – This Italian sponge cake dessert from Florence is typically flavored with brandy and layered with chilled cream. Zuccotto is traditionally made in a pumpkin-shaped mold.
Zuppa Inglese – A custard-based Italian dessert. Zuppa Inglese consists of Pan di Spagna dipped in Alchermes liquor, and covered in crema pasticciera. Crema alla cioccolata is also a common ingredient, layered between the cakes. To finalize Zuppa Inglese, whipped cream and crushed almonds are typically applied as a topping.


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The debt ceiling is likely to become a focal point for negotiations on broad fiscal issues, including the federal budget and tax reform.
The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 suspended the federal government's
statutory debt limit — commonly called the debt ceiling — through March
15, 2017. That deadline came and went with little fanfare as Congress
focused on other matters, but the debt ceiling cannot be ignored for
long, and it's likely to become a focal point for negotiations on broad
fiscal issues, including the federal budget and tax reform.
As an investor and taxpayer, you may want to know more about how
the debt ceiling relates to the national debt and annual budget deficits.
Put simply, the federal government runs a deficit when tax revenues
are not sufficient to meet spending obligations. Federal spending has
outpaced revenue over the last 50 years, except in FY 1969 and 1998-2001.1
Annual budget deficits add to the national debt, which stood at $19.846
trillion on March 15, 2017. As required by the Bipartisan Budget Act, this
became the new debt limit until it is adjusted by further legislation.2
There are two categories of federal debt: (1) funds the government
has borrowed, primarily through Treasury securities, from individuals,
corporations, state or local governments, foreign governments, and other
non-federal entities; and (2) funds borrowed from government accounts,
such as the Social Security, Medicare, and Civil Service Retirement trust
funds. Almost all federal debt is subject to the statutory debt limit.3
The debt ceiling is a stop sign for federal borrowing, which means the
Treasury can no longer issue securities that would put the government
above the limit (though it may issue new securities to replace redeemed
securities). The ceiling only stops spending that requires additional
borrowing; raising the ceiling only allows borrowing for spending that has already been authorized or incurred. However, failing to raise the debt limit could ultimately result in the United States defaulting on its legal obligations. Although this is unlikely to happen, it might result in cutbacks to government services, layoffs of government employees, and disruption of financial markets.4
The Treasury can buy time through "extraordinary measures," which could include suspending issuance of special securities to state and local governments, suspending investment of three federal pension funds and another government fund, and redeeming securities held by two of the pension funds. By law, the pension funds must be made whole with interest after the debt limit is raised.
On March 16, 2017, Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin informed congressional leaders that he had instituted most of these measures and urged Congress "to protect the full faith and credit of the United States by acting to increase the statutory debt limit as soon as possible."5
The Congressional Budget Office estimates that extraordinary measures would allow the government to continue borrowing and making usual payments until the fall of 2017.6
Since 1960, Congress has addressed the debt ceiling 78 separate times by permanently raising the limit, temporarily extending it, or revising its definition.7 Most actions occurred with little or no conflict; however, this has changed in recent years due to a bitterly divided Congress and the mounting national debt.
Over a five-year period during and after the Great Recession — from Q4 2007 to Q4 2012 — the federal debt rose as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) from 63% to 101%, a level not seen since the years immediately following World War II. This dramatic increase was due to a combination of slow GDP growth, reduced federal tax revenues, and increased spending on economic stimulus measures. Deficit spending has slowed during the last four years, but any deficit adds to the debt, and GDP growth has remained low. At the end of 2016, debt was equivalent to about 106% of GDP.8
The debt ceiling will almost certainly be raised. The question is what will be required to raise it. In a March 16 interview, House Speaker Paul Ryan said he did not believe Congress would pass a "clean bill" to raise the debt ceiling without additional provisions, but he did not yet know what might be required to gain approval.9
With the administration and Congress representing the same party, it would seem that compromise may not be difficult, but budget hawks have expressed a commitment to significant spending cuts in order to support an increase in the debt limit.10 The Trump administration's budget outline released on March 16 uses budget cuts to increase military spending, but does not reduce overall federal spending.11 And proposed tax reductions and new infrastructure spending would further increase the deficit and national debt unless they are accompanied by a large increase in GDP growth.
Although these differences may be resolved in a timely fashion, recent battles and current legislative priorities suggest they might not come to a head until late summer or early fall, when the Treasury's extraordinary measures run their course and the debt ceiling becomes an imminent crisis.
U.S. Treasury securities are guaranteed by the federal government as to the timely payment of principal and interest. The principal value of Treasury securities fluctuates with market conditions. If not held to maturity, they could be worth more or less than the original amount paid.


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Figure 7-29: Engine NOx characteristic values of
Figure 7-30: Emissions characteristics of a fan engine
Modeling results (Brown et al., 1996; Lukachko et al., 1998) and, for SOxO, initial measurements (Arnold et al., 1992, 1994, 1999; Fahey et al., 1995a,b; Miake-Lye et al., 1998) indicate that significant changes in the levels of these species are possible as their source gases are oxidized. These changes can be important with respect to atmospheric impact (see Chapters 2 and 3). However, most of the important chemical and fluid-mechanical effects remain unexplored. It is known, however, that strong non-linearities in the chemistry (based on as-yet unvalidated chemical models) can be accentuated by complex fluid-mechanical effects such as those associated with viscous boundary layersand wakes and blade cooling (Lukachko et al., 1998). Figure 7-27 shows an example of this process: Two different modeling results are compared for a single blade row such as that shown in Figure 7-24. The first modeling result takes account of spatial temperature nonuniformity associated with blade cooling, whereas the second is an averaged, one-dimensional representation of the flow path. SOxO oxidation in the blade row is enhanced when blade cooling is modeled.
Changes in many secondary combustion species from presumably negligible levels after leaving the combustor cannot yet be predicted with sufficientaccuracy for assessment needs (Dryer et al., 1993; Miake-Lye et al., 1998). The existing experimental database for these species is insufficient to validate or improve current model predictions. For example, although models and initial measurements suggest that significant oxidation of SO2 to SO3 occurs within the engine, the models do not correctly predict the variation in the fraction of sulfur oxidized as fuel sulfur level is changed-suggesting that an unknown oxidative mechanism may be involved (Schumann et al., 1996; Danilin et al., 1997; K�rcher and Fahey, 1997; Miake-Lye et al., 1998). Thus, current understanding is not mature enough to provide accurate initial conditions for aerosol formation models and subsequent atmospheric modeling downstream of the engine exit.
Current chemical models assume the radicals N and CH to be negligible for current technology engines, and their influence on the course of post-combustion chemistry has been ignored. The validity of this assumption has not been assessed, however, and as combustion temperatures increase in future engines these constituents (as well as the others) may become more important. O and OH are considered to be the dominant oxidizing species within current modeling assumptions (HO2 levels remain less important), and orders of magnitude change are possible in these reactive species throughout the turbine and nozzle. Their evolution is very sensitive to chemical kinetics and species initialization at the combustor exit, and they are influenced by flow nonuniformities in the turbine and nozzle to a similar extent as the oxidation products. Prediction of their levels with sufficient accuracy for assessment needs is beyond currently validated capabilities, and the existing experimental database is insufficient to validate models. Furthermore, recent modeling studies (Yu and Turco, 1997, 1998) have implicated chemi-ions-a product of flame ionization in the combustor-as important in the growth of volatile particles after the exhaust leaves the engine. No measurements of ion levels at the engine exit have been identified; few measurements downstream of the exit exist (Arnold et al., 1994, 1999), and only simple estimates of the recombination inside the engine have been attempted to date, so the uncertainty in the emission levels of chemi-ions is very high.
Pressure and temperature and residence times change over relevant ranges of operating conditions and engine cycles, and the chemical processes are expected to change as a result. Generalizations regarding the exhaust constituents described above are not expected to change significantly over cruise conditions and even over the broader operating conditions representative of the landing/take-off cycle. However, changes in exit speciation are expected for the oxidative products and radical species that depend non-linearly on combustor exit concentrations and local conditions. Only limited research has been carried out on this topic (Hunter, 1982; Brown et al., 1996; Lukachko et al., 1998).
Table 7-7 provides a simplified status summary of the confidence attached to current modeling and measurements of emissions emerging from engines. Reducing uncertainties in the oxidation products of secondary species and in reactive species will require additional new measurements, as well as increased physical understanding of exhaust species oxidation in the turbine and nozzle.
Figure 7-31: Variation in NOx emission index with engine
load and ambient conditions
Figure 7-32: Emission indices and fuel flow corrected for ISA SLS conditions.
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Tuesday, November 22, 2011
Why DIARMF, "Continuous Monitoring," and other FISMA-isms Fail
First, a disclaimer: it's easy to be a cynic and a curmudgeon when the government and security are involved. However, I think it is important for me to discuss this subject because it represents an incredible divergence between security people. On one side of the divide we have "input-centric," "control-compliant," "we-can-prevent-the-threat" folks, and on the other side we have "output-centric," "field-assessed," "prevention eventually fails" folks. FISMA fans are the former and I am the latter.
So what's the problem with FISMA? In his article Len expertly discusses the new DoD Information Assurance Risk Management Framework (DIARMF) in comparison to the older DoD Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP). DIARMF is a result of the "new FISMA" emphasis on "continuous monitoring" which I've discussed before.
Len writes "DIARMF represents DoD adoption of the NIST Risk Management Framework process" and provides the diagram at left with the caption "The six major steps of Risk Management Framework aligned with the five phases of a System Development Lifecycle (SDLC)."
Does anything seem to be missing in that diagram? I immediately key on the "MONITOR Security Controls" box. As I reminded readers in Thoughts on New OMB FISMA Memo, control monitoring is not threat monitoring. The key to the "new" FISMA and "continuous monitoring" as seen in DIARMF is the following, described by Len:
Equally profound within DIARMF is the increased requirements for Continuous Monitoring activities. Each control (and control enhancement) will be attributed with a refresh rate (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly) and requisite updates on the status of each control will be packaged into a standardized XML format and uploaded into the CyberScope system where analysis, risk management, and correlation activities will be performed on the aggregate data.
Rather than checking on the security posture every three years or whatever insane interval that the old FISMA used, the new FISMA checks security posture more regularly, and centralizes posture reporting.
Wait, isn't that a good idea? Yes, it's a great idea -- but it's still control monitoring. I can't stress this enough; under the new system, a box can be totally owned but appear "green" on the FISMA dashboard because it's compliant with controls. Why? There is no emphasis on threat monitoring -- incident detection and response -- which is the only hope we have against any real adversary.
Think I'm wrong? Read Len's words on CyberScope:
CyberScope is akin to a giant federal-wide SEIM system, where high-level incident management teams can quickly pull queries or drill down into system details to add analysis on system defenses and vulnerabilities to the available intelligence on an attack. CyberScope data will also be used to track trends, make risk management decisions, and determine where help is needed to improve security posture.
If you're still not accepting the point, consider this football analogy.
Under the old system, you measured the height, weight, 40 yard dash, and other "combine" results on a player when he joined the team. You checked again three years later. You kept data on all your players but had no idea what the score of the game was.
Under the new system, you measure the height, weight, 40 yard dash, and other "combine" results on a player when he joins the team. You check again more regularly -- maybe even every hour, and store the data in a central location with a fancy Web UI. You keep data on all your players but still have no idea what the score of the game is.
Until DoD, NIST, and the other control-compliant cheerleaders figure out that this approach is a failure, the nation's computers will remain compromised.
Note: There are other problems with DIARMF -- read the section where Len says "This shakes out to easily over a hundred different possible control sets that can be attributed to systems" to see what I mean.
18 comments:
- davehull said...
Wow, so that's what they mean by "continuous monitoring?" I guess I took it to mean something akin to security monitoring. This is tragic.
There is a place for monitoring controls, but I agree threat monitoring is of critical importance, especially as threats emerge that existing security controls can't protect against.
I 100% agree FISMA is and has been lacking for sometime. And while NIST has extremely smart people, they are too slow to put out relevant security guidelines. However the problem still remains, people need a baseline security posture to be held accountable to. So what do you suggest? It's a given that it would be driven by field assessments. But you still need an initial starting point for your overall IT security program, something akin to the SANS Top 20 critical controls. To me the major problem with FISMA is more on the enforcement side and less on the requirement side. Its a complete waste of trees and the auditors and auditees use very subjective means to achieve compliance.
- Adam Montville said...
I have a post over at Tripwire's "State of Security" blog (see http://www.tripwire.com/blog/compliance/state-of-macro-continuous-monitoring-enabling-effective-cybersecurity/) on the topic of continuous monitoring.
What you say here is correct, but you're missing the long view. The government knows configuration and patch assessment, so it starts there. The continuous monitoring you're speaking of is what I call "macro" continuous monitoring. The "micro" continuous monitoring - that which entails your actual security monitoring processes - is presently implied, but will explicitly follow - especially as the Event Management Automation Protocol and related security automation efforts (i.e. IODEF/MILE) start coming up to speed.
Remember we're talking about the Feds - they......move.......slowly.
- Len Marzigliano said...
For an upstart writer, Richard's analysis of my article is akin to having Stephen Hawking find your masters dissertation on theoretical physics and write a book on it. I appreciate even further the deference given to the article itself versus the points made regarding RMF and FISMA.
I do feel compelled however, to dispel the myth that FISMA is the only driver/effort of Information Assurance within the federal government. While popular because of its birth in Congress and position as a gatekeeper to system funding, FISMA is just a defensive coordinator, not the head coach. Other defensive lines (Cyber CND) and special teams (US-CERT) exist in the game, and threat analysis is an underpinning subsystem of the government's playbook. even as it permeates throughout the NIST Risk Management Framework in subtle but important ways that critics might overlook.
I have a pingback article in the hopper to detail this and contsructively build upon the conversation. I also intend to bring important feedback from this topic into the DoD and civilian federal communities to achieve the desired effect of process improvement.
- Richard Bejtlich said...
Len, you win for best intro to a comment in the history of this blog!
I look forward to your future posts too.
- Garrett Galloway said...
I see this as a step in the right direction. While I am on the same side of the fence with the monitoring issues and ACTUAL PWNAGE problems. The big improvement I see is that this new(ly implemented) system spells out the controls much better and there isn't as much voodoo magic left up for interpretation by the DAA. Is it still a failure? Maybe, but it is a better failure than we had before.
- Ken said...
I agree with Garrett. I see "continuous control monitoring" as a step in the right direction. Once we know we're properly securing systems, then we can move on to continuous threat and attack monitoring.
However, there are two challenges which need to be overcome for continuous monitoring to actually be beneficial:
Information Overload - Too much information detail will confuse senior leadership, and possibly result in someone pushing the panic button over a minor issue.
Micromanagement - Senior leadership will become so obsessed with "100% compliance" that lower level technical staff will be spending too much time chasing systems which are "just slightly out of compliance", and not enough time will be devoted on a local level actually analyzing intrusion attempts.
Until the above two issues are overcome, continuous control monitoring will only hinder, not help.
This almost seems to follow the route that PCI has taken. A slow, tortuous path that seems to lead to a reasonable place, but in reality, has no grassy meadow at its end.
Plain and simple: continuous monitoring of controls, at any frequency, is not equivalent to knowing, let alone proving, you are operating a secure environment.
As an in-the-trenches guy, all this means is more tons of paperwork. the changes get lost and then we get yet more questions and more paperwork. Add in PIV cards for computers in locked rooms, encrypted disks for totally uninteresting data and the constantly increasing attacks, all I see is lots of money and email about nothing while attackers have open season. Plus we have the new federal bureaucracy of security contract managers who only can forward email and award contracts. Then there will be an artical in the Post and a committee will ask for yet more paper.
As usual, someone who bashes FISMA, but doesn't come up with any specifics on something that would help secure our Governments computers better... FISMA is far from perfect, but is does work and does give a level of security. If you have something better, then outline it.
Interesting analogy, but the statement, "...under the new system, a box can be totally owned but appear "green" on the FISMA dashboard because it's compliant with controls. Why? There is no emphasis on threat monitoring -- incident detection and response -- which is the only hope we have against any real adversary", is misleading as it implies there is no link between security controls and an incident. In every incident I can think of at my organization, it was a failed control or a known (and accepted) missing control that resulted in an incident and it was other controls in place that minimized impact, and led to detection and recovery. Also, authorizing officials and assessors should be taking threats and threat monitoring information into account. I do agree that it would be useful to better connect more real-time threat data as part of the assessments and there have been some products where that has been attempted, but I'm not aware of any products that were actually successful.
The football analogy doesn't quite work since in football both teams have to follow the same set of rules, etc. With IT security, the good guys have limited budgets, must protect data despite flawed consumer grade products (that system users insist on having as soon as they are available), and must deal with complex architectures and the need for a lot of control exceptions to allow work to get done. The only way the good guys can score is to not let the bad guys score (i.e. we can only defend). The bad guys need very small budgets to attack, can attack from anywhere in the world, and all they have to do is find one bug in one piece of widely distributed software or a single device that is not up-to-date on patches, and they can score against thousands of computers and use their access to generate profit. Also, in football, if your team does well, you attract more fans and get bigger budgets. In security, if your team does well, it's assumed that there are no problems and your budget can be reduced.
- Richard Bejtlich said...
Hey Anonymous who said I bash FISMA... this blog has dozens of posts on what the Feds should do instead of FISMA. For example, from 2007: What the Feds Should Do.
"Monitor controls" is as vague as existing DISA STIGs that drive DIACAP C&A. The effectiveness will be a "it depends" matter. If a control to be monitored is "existence of affirmative executable constraints" (i.e., NAC/NAP disallowing other than defined executables) then "monitor controls" is effective. It is means running Retina regularly then it is one more bureaucratic boondoggle.
Though I like the idea of a common security language and framework, OMG, quick! the aspirins! We are in for a more rude awkening than what we have run into with DIACAP implementations.
While I agree that the focus of information security should not be solely on compliance of security controls, compliance does provide a good starting point for managers to gauge the cost of security.
I will build upon the football analogy introduced in the article "Why DIARMF, "Continuous Monitoring," and other FISMA-isms Fail" by Richard Bejtlich. Security controls provide the criteria in which one can score the game. If the continuously monitored security control is the "game score", then it allows the coach to change factors as needed to improve team performance and consequently the score. For instance, it might be necessary to put the fastest 40 yard player in for a deep pass play, or the heaviest player in for a special block. Measuring compliance of security controls provides managers with a method for acquiring the funds necessary to safeguard critical system resources that may otherwise be left exposed. Security costs money and managers must juggle between protection of resources and balanced budgets.
Continuously monitoring security controls at an interval relevant for the security control and the protection of the resource is essential to gauging how well you are playing the game. No resource is absolutely secure. Implementing and continuously monitoring security controls provides a point of origin for further security efforts. Obviously a system that is in total compliance is still vulnerable. However, the risk of a threat agent exploiting vulnerabilities on a resource that is in compliance is reduced. Completely securing a resource is not the idea behind compliance; it is instead focused on reducing risk to a level acceptable to senior managers. RG
The problem with DIACAP implementation results from all the additional processes introduced by the people that are charged with the implementation. DIACAP is outlined within DoDI 8510.01 and utilizes the security controls contained within DoDI 8500.2 which are further explained within the DIACAP Knowledge Service. DIACAP is fundamentally simple.
In the simplest form DIACAP should work as such;
- Collect the data required to identify the resource and populate the attributes that comprise the System Identification Profile (SIP)
- Use the Mission Assurance Category (MAC) and Confidentiality Level (CL) to identify the security controls required for resource protection and list them on the DIACAP Implementation Plan (DIP)
- Track the implementation of required security controls using the DIP
- Perform a controls validation test (CVT) to verify and validate (V&V) that the controls have been implemented correctly
- Use the results from the CVT interviews, documentation/demonstrations, observations, and tests (IDOT) to assign a compliance rating to each of the required security controls
- Indicate the compliance rating for each control on the Scorecard
- Transfer all non-compliant (NC) and not applicable (NA) controls to the Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M)
- Assign a severity category to all non-compliant security controls on the POA&M
- Work the POA&M items with the highest severity category and impact code first
- Meet with the Certifying Authority (CA) to review the DIACAP Artifacts (SIP, DIP, Scorecard, and POA&M) and receive an accreditation determination
- CA recommends that an accreditation decision be made by the Designated Approval Authority (DAA) and/or may require additional POA&M items to be mitigated
- DAA annotates the accreditation decision on the Scorecard
- Maintain compliance posture through periodic CVTs and annual reviews
The introduction of processes that deviate or attempt to modify DIACAP is what causes the complication. For instance, DIACAP recognizes that a control may be inherited from another source but there are organizations that attempt to introduce the inheritance of a portion of a control - the validation step. Understandably this is to report to managers the actual validation step of the control that is non-compliant and subsequently the organization responsible; ideally so it can be properly funded and fixed and not to shift blame. However, one can argue that if any portion of a security control is inherited, the control is inherited. After all, if any portion of a security control is non-compliant, the whole security control is non-compliant.
DIACAP was introduced to manage the level of risk associated with interconnecting systems. Unfortunately, it has been twisted into something that is in some extreme cases crippling to the organization. The problems that are present in DIACAP will be present in DIARMF unless the implementation is handled more delicately. The people that are responsible need to be properly trained and excessive modification/deviation from the process should be restricted.
For instance consider a high school report card for a child. The report card lists all the courses that the child is taking and the present condition of the child's performance in each of those courses. Whether the child's parents realizes it or not they either accept the performance and the associated risk or put into action a plan to improve the performance and consequently the grade. Periodic assessments can help reassure that the plan is working but the true performance gauge is the next report card. I hope the similarities to the DIACAP DIP, Scorecard, and POA&M are obvious. RG
All enterprise security frameworks will be control based. It is the content within a specific control that will address the continuous monitoring requirement. ISSE, SDLC, RMF, DIACAP, etc. all have continuous monitoring components, which are validated through periodic self assessments. Enterprise security frameworks should be scalable to address new requirements as they arise, without having to overhaul the entire framework, which will only result in wasted tax dollars and a national security posture that will diminish during the transition, only to return to its original state. However, the implementers of the new framework will line their pockets something handsome. The deficiency is the lack of a motivated and trained workforce.
"Monitor controls" is as vague as existing DISA STIGs that drive DIACAP C&A....
Add to that the POORLY implemented S-CRAP OVAL code developed by the TAPESTRY contractor crew, and you have a REALLY BIG problem. From what I understand in speaking with their "TECH Support Team", the whole system was designed upside down, ie: tools to manage the software environment have yet to be developed, even to this very day. They simply jumped in and started coding with (mostly) inexperienced programmers, inexperienced systems software developers, no true visionary to lead, all while sunsetting the UNIX SRR scripts and the Gold Disk. Now, the GD could probably not have continued, but I believe the U-SRR scripts could have been incorporated into the envisioned futurescape. It is BY FAR much easier to script than to attempt to force Mitre's OVAL lexicon (created primarily and successfully for "Winders") to extrapolate data from UNIX/like systems.