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Jessica continues to demonstrate tricky chord changes by moving on to the B minor chord.
Taught by Jessica Baron in Basic Guitar with Jessica Baron seriesLength: 11:58Difficulty: 1.5 of 5
Jessica Baron, founder of Guitars in the Classroom, brings her very own unique series to JamPlay. In this highly interactive, easy to follow set, Jessica invites students of all ages to journey through fun, song-based instruction taught in ways she feels we best learn.
Lesson 1
Jessica kindly introduces herself, her background, and her approach to this series.Length: 6:48 Difficulty: 0.0 FREE
Lesson 2
Jessica takes a moment to share a breathing technique. Then, she asks you to envision who you want to be as a musician.Length: 5:30 Difficulty: 0.0 Members Only
Lesson 3
In this lesson, Jessica starts talking about the first building block of making music: rhythm. Using yourself as a drum, you will feel the beat and find the rhythm within yourself.Length: 9:46 Difficulty: 1.0 Members Only
Lesson 4
In the first part of this lesson, Jessica takes some time to explain all the parts of your guitar in detail. She then flips it upside-down and makes a bongo out of it! Grab your guitar and enjoy drumming...Length: 14:36 Difficulty: 1.0 Members Only
Lesson 5
Jessica takes some time to talk about finding the right guitar for you. She explores different sizes and talks about the correct and most comfortable sitting position.Length: 10:03 Difficulty: 0.0 Members Only
Lesson 6
Jessica Baron discusses "Gentle G Guitar" and explains why it is such a great learning method for beginners.Length: 9:12 Difficulty: 0.0 Members Only
Lesson 7
In this lesson, Jessica Baron explains how to tune your guitar to open G with or without an electronic tuner.Length: 12:31 Difficulty: 1.0 Members Only
Lesson 8
In this lesson, Jessica Baron shows how to string a steel string guitar.Length: 11:34 Difficulty: 1.0 Members Only
Lesson 9
In part 2 of Jessica Baron's restringing lessons, you will learn how to string your classical guitar, which is a little different from a steel string.Length: 9:36 Difficulty: 1.0 Members Only
Lesson 10
Jessica Baron delights in sharing a fun lesson that is all about ear training and singing in tune.Length: 21:24 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 11
Jessica Baron shares some fun and effective vocal exercises to get you warmed up before singing. This is very important for those of you who would like to sing while playing.Length: 14:15 Difficulty: 0.0 Members Only
Lesson 12
Jessica Baron shares part 2 of her vocal warm-up lessons with some fun new exercises to prepare you for singing.Length: 16:07 Difficulty: 1.0 Members Only
Lesson 13
In lesson 13, Jessica Baron introduces you to strumming technique.Length: 15:03 Difficulty: 1.0 Members Only
Lesson 14
Jessica Baron introduces your first easy chord, Gsus4.Length: 2:47 Difficulty: 1.0 Members Only
Lesson 15
Jessica Baron talks about patterns and chord charts. She also provides more exercises for the C note you learned in the previous lesson.Length: 19:57 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 16
Jessica Baron introduces a new chord she calls the "Simple D" and provides a song exercise for practice.Length: 9:07 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 17
Jessica Baron teaches techniques in the context of "The Old Chisholm Trail." Learn about the pluck-down strum, practice changing from "Open G "to "Simple D," and learn about capos.Length: 29:51 Difficulty: 0.0 Members Only
Lesson 18
Jessica introduces the "Simple C" chord and incorporates it into two fun songs, "Camptown Races" and "The Green Grass Grows All Around."Length: 21:33 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 19
Jessica takes some time to show you a variety of different strums to use in your playing. She teaches the song "I'll Fly Away" to demonstrate the different feel of each strum.Length: 19:37 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 20
Jessica Baron teaches the C major chord using only 2 fingers and provides some fun song exercises for practice.Length: 9:21 Difficulty: 0.0 Members Only
Lesson 21
Jessica Baron introduces your first minor chord! Learn the beautiful E minor chord and play along to "This Little Light of Mine."Length: 17:28 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 22
In this lesson, Jessica Baron provides some good, fun practice using a traditional Native American chant called "The Earth Is Our Mother."Length: 6:53 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 23
Jessica Baron explains time signatures with a focus on 3/4 time. She uses fun and interactive song exercises for practice.Length: 11:11 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 24
Jessica Baron teaches one final song in open G tuning called "I'm on My Way" before moving on to standard tuning.Length: 8:52 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 25
Jessica Baron introduces standard tuning in this lesson! Be ready to tune your guitar and learn "You've Got to Move" for practice.Length: 19:45 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 26
Jessica Baron introduces the A minor chord in standard tuning and invites you to play along to the fun song "Drunken Sailor."Length: 9:29 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 27
Jessica Baron introduces the A major chord in standard tuning. Practice it with the catchy song "A Tisket, A Tasket."Length: 11:35 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 28
Jessica Baron teaches the D major chord and "Down By The Riverside" for practice.Length: 14:32 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 29
Jessica Baron is excited to provide more practice changing from D to A7 with the fun song, "Over the River and Through the Woods."Length: 8:29 Difficulty: 0.0 Members Only
Lesson 30
Jessica Baron teaches a new chord, B7, with "The Crawdad Song" for practice.Length: 7:31 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 31
Jessica Baron helps you play the full G major chord by using the song, "I've Been Working on the Railroad."Length: 12:02 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 32
Jessica Baron is excited to finally teach the full C major chord with the bluesy song "Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child" for practice.Length: 16:52 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 33
Jessica Baron takes all the knowledge you've learned throughout her series and helps you express yourself through your own compositions.Length: 8:05 Difficulty: 3.0 Members Only
Lesson 34
Jessica Baron continues her discussion on composition with a songwriting exercise. In addition, she also takes a closer look at finger picking with one last picking pattern.Length: 11:46 Difficulty: 3.0 Members Only
Lesson 35
In this unique lesson, Jessica presents some fantastic tips on how to prep your mind and body to be fully relaxed and ready to play and learn guitar. She provides breathing and self awareness tips as well...Length: 16:09 Difficulty: 0.5 Members Only
Lesson 36
This lesson is essentially a compressed version of Jessica's 35th lesson, but presented in a way that will allow you to prep yourself using "Yoga for Guitar Players" within about 90 seconds.Length: 4:26 Difficulty: 0.5 Members Only
Lesson 37
Proper positioning of the fret hand is key to developing correct technique and playing clean and clear chords. Jessica explains how the angle at which the guitar neck is positioned affects left hand technique.Length: 6:07 Difficulty: 0.5 Members Only
Lesson 38
Jessica starts a mini series on understanding chords by explaining how and where to find the notes needed to build a certain chord.Length: 14:35 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 39
Jessica continues her "Understanding Chords" mini series by explaining how to find the root note within commonly used chord shapes.Length: 15:26 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 40
This lesson will link all the past lesson content into one by helping you understand how to find alternate voicings of chords on the guitar neck.Length: 13:36 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 41
Using the song "Down by the River to Pray," Jessica explains what the Nashville Number System is and how it is used to quickly learn a new song.Length: 13:46 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 42
What are 7th chords? How and where can they be used? Jessica answers these questions and demonstrates some popular 7th chord shapes.Length: 10:31 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 43
Using the song "Mole in the Ground," Jessica applies the Nashville number system and demonstrates how to create new, unique lyrics that compliment your chord progression.Length: 9:54 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 44
Utilizing Major 7th chords and a song called "The Ashgrove", Jessica will demonstrate some great tips on how to chose the right accent chord to spice up your playing.Length: 13:57 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 45
Jessica will demonstrate how to add a Sus 4 to a chord to change its tone. This can be used to spice up and get creative with standard chord positions.Length: 7:49 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 46
Jessica discusses the difference in tone between playing with the pick and playing with the fingers.Length: 21:27 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 47
Jessica now presents the option of adding bass runs while utilizing the fingers to pluck and strum the strings.Length: 11:18 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 48
Jessica taps into a mini-series that demonstrates how to navigate tricky chord changes. This first lesson focuses on the F chord.Length: 7:59 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 49
Time to learn the tough partial barre F chord! Jessica covers many of the basics needed to help train your fingers for the shapes needed to complete partial barre chords.Length: 11:33 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 50
Jessica continues to demonstrate tricky chord changes by moving on to the B minor chord.Length: 11:58 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 51
Power chords can be utilized up and down the entire fretboard. They achieve full bodied chord voicings that are neither major nor minor. Jessica demonstrates a few of the positions in which power chords...Length: 13:22 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 52
Jessica demonstrates how easy it is to play a full I, IV, V song by only moving the familiar E major chord shape up and down the fretboard.Length: 9:01 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 53
A lot of the techniques Jessica shows in this lesson can be applied within any genre of music. However, she demonstrates hammer-on and pull-off techniques and how they are applied within blues.Length: 33:53 Difficulty: 0.0 Members Only
Lesson 54
Jessica now dives into fingerstyle techniques, specifically Travis picking.Length: 14:08 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 55
Jessica now works on picking hand techniques. She starts with the basics of using 3 fingers to create arpeggio patterns.Length: 11:16 Difficulty: 1.5 Members Only
Lesson 56
Still working within finger picking techniques, Jessica now demonstrates how to navigate more chord changes while still keeping a steady picking rhythm.Length: 13:19 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 57
Continuing along with fingerpicking techniques, Jessica now adds the unique time signature of 6/8 into the picking rhythm. This requires adding extra finger strokes. Jessica demonstrates how to make this...Length: 7:04 Difficulty: 2.0 Members Only
Lesson 58
Jessica continues her 6/8 fingerpicking techniques by adding yet another step in the full picking progression. However, she will still utilizes the same song from the previous lesson.Length: 8:00 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 59
Demonstrating yet another widely popular fingerstyle picking technique called Travis Picking, Jessica breaks down this technique and applies it to a very catchy song that is easy to play.Length: 13:30 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 60
It's time to apply the techniques that have been taught so far to understanding and creating a song arrangement. In this lesson, Jessica discusses how to create a song beginning and ending.Length: 17:36 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 61
Jessica presents a lesson with tips and techniques on how to find the ideal key for your voice when performing a song. From discovering your lowest note to opening a new world in higher octaves, Jessica...Length: 35:28 Difficulty: 3.0 Members Only
Lesson 62
It's now time to learn some creative tips on how to spice up how songs are arranged. Jessica gives pointers on both singing and playing along the lines of improvisation and tempo alternations.Length: 24:49 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 63
Still within the topic of song arrangement, Jessica now delves into Travis picking and how it can be applied in a creative manner to compliment other techniques that Jessica has already taught.Length: 22:50 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 64
Jessica creates a song in front of your eyes. She guides you through the steps from starting with a catchy riff or progression to developing a full song idea.Length: 9:43 Difficulty: 3.0 Members Only
Lesson 65
Jessica lays out a great tutorial on how to listen to chords and the emotions they evoke. This technique can easily help transform an atmosphere or mood into a full song with lyrics.Length: 8:24 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
Lesson 66
Jessica demonstrates how you can combine the discovery of writing a song with chords and the playfulness of creating possible lyrics over those chords. Let your mind run free with this subject!Length: 17:03 Difficulty: 2.5 Members Only
About Jessica Baron View Full Biography
Jessica believes in making your introduction to the guitar easy and pain-free. She is a developmental educator who understands how positive early experiences can motivate us to keep learning. Jessica Baron founded and serves as Executive Director for Guitars in the Classroom, an organization that brings music making to education by integrating singing, strumming and songwriting with learning throughout the school day and across the curriculum. Jessica created the first developmental guitar instruction method and she has written six groundbreaking books in the field of music and guitar education. She believes that we are each unique musical and creative beings with individual pathways we can choose to discover and follow if we are given instruction in the ways we best learn. This vision informs and fuels her dedication to service through teaching.
Jess spent several years in California teaching music in public and private schools; she also worked for a long time as both a human development educator (at Crossroads School of Arts and Sciences) and as a private educational therapist treating children and teens with learning disabilities. These experiences, combined with Masters level training in Clinical Psychology from Antioch University helped her develop an approach to teaching music that creates access to musicality through people's dominant learning styles while helping them strengthen the others. This, combined with her philosophy that musical learning can be fun and stress free, define her work as an author, teacher, and non-profit leader.
In addition to her years teaching in the classroom and counseling young people, Jess co-authored the highly successful MusicMakers curriculum for the Boys and Girls Clubs of America, as well as the International House of Blues Foundation's Make an Impression guitar program. Her best-selling guitar method, SmartStart Guitar as well as her parenting book, YOUR MUSICAL CHILD: Inspiring Kids to Play and Sing for Keeps (Hal Leonard, 2004) are soon to be followed by The Green Songbook & CD from Alfred Music Publishing. This compilation of music for living lightly on the Earth is now available at www.greensongbook.com.
Jess lives in Encinitas with her teen-age son, Elias, their three birds, two lizards, and one ridiculously adorable dog named Homer. You might have known Jess by her published and formerly married name, Jessica Baron Turner, a last name she went by during her marriage to Eli's dad, luthier, Rick Turner. These days she goes by Jessica Anne Baron. Jess is also an incidental songwriter, an enthusiastic gardener, a vegetarian, and lover of literature.
Our acoustic guitar lessons are taught by qualified instructors with various backgrounds with the instrument.
Nick explains how to play some of the most commonly used chords in the bluegrass genre.Free LessonSeries Details
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Lesson 7 is all about arpeggios. Danny provides discussion and exercises designed to build your right hand skills.Free LessonSeries Details
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Marcelo teaches the eight basic right hand moves for the Rumba Flamenca strum pattern. He then shows you how to apply it...Free LessonSeries Details
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Bryan Beller of the Aristocrats, Dethklok, and Steve Vai takes you inside his six step method to learning any song by ear....Free LessonSeries Details
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Dynamics can be a key component to becoming expressive with your melodies. Irene applies some dynamic expressive techniques...Free LessonSeries Details
Lauren Passarelli offers up her wisdom on purchasing a guitar. She also includes information regarding proper setup and care....Free LessonSeries Details
Emil takes you through some techniques that he uses frequently in his style of playing. Topics include neck bending, percussive...Free LessonSeries Details
Born in 1986 and hailing from Brazil, Andre showed musical inclination at an early age. Influenced by native Brazilian Jazz...Free LessonSeries Details
Welcome to Inside and Out with Jeff Marshall! In this lesson series, Jeff takes a bottom up approach to fret board proficiency....Free LessonSeries Details
David Ellefson, co-founding member of Megadeth, explains his overall approach to teaching and learning bass in this introductory...Free LessonSeries Details
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I'm a fifty eight year old newbie who owns a guitar which has been sitting untouched in a corner for about seven years now. Last weekend I got inspired to pick it up and finally learn how to play after watching an amazing Spanish guitarist on TV. So, here I am. I'm starting at the beginning with Steve Eulberg and I couldn't be happier (except for the sore fingers :) Some day I'm going to play like Steve! I'm self employed with a hectic schedule. With Jamplay I can fit in a random session when I have time and I can go at my own pace, rewinding and replaying the videos until I get it. This is a very enjoyable diversion from my work yet I still feel like I'm accomplishing something worthwhile. Thanks a lot, Greg
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DMX's Ruff Ryders anthem showcases the many aspects of a Ruff Ryder's lifestyle. DMX has always been known for his love of the pitbull breed and even goes by the name of Dog to those close to him. During the development of Ruff Ryders lifestyles this love for the breed spawned Ruff Ryders Game Dog. The ceo's of Ruff Ryders where active gamedog breeders and activists so it was only natural to incorporate this aspect when creating Ruff Ryders lifestyles. Because of the bad reputation of dog fighting Ruff Ryders was forced to changed the name from "Game Dog" to "Ruff Ryders Dog Division." There was even a Ruff Ryders Game Dog brand food sold on shelves at local pet shops. Today Ruff Ryders Dog Division has grown and taken on other breeds outside of pitbulls with award wining K9's across the nation.
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| 11.9°C Belfast
The policeman at the centre of the Plebgate row is demanding up to £200,000 in compensation from former Cabinet minister Andrew Mitchell.
Toby Rowland has filed court papers repeating his claim that Mr Mitchell used the term "plebs" during their confrontation in Downing Street in 2012.
He also argues that the then chief whip changed his story after effectively admitting in a phone call that he had said the disputed words.
The documents - revealed in the Mail on Sunday - have been lodged as part of the bitter libel battle between the MP, the Pc and The Sun newspaper.
Stating his case in detail for the first time since the incident, Mr Rowland insists Mr Mitchell erupted after being blocked from cycling out of the pedestrian gate to leave the street, saying: "Best you learn your f****** place - you don't run this f****** government, you're f****** plebs."
The politician has previously admitted to using "Anglo-Saxon" language, but said he did not swear at police, and flatly denied using the term "plebs".
As he struggled to save his job after news of the spat emerged publicly, Mr Mitchell telephoned the Pc to apologise. Mr Rowland claims that in their conversation there was the "clear implication he admitted using the said words".
The policeman is demanding up to £200,000 in "aggravated damages for slander" and has asked for an injunction to "restrain" Mr Mitchell, and those acting on his behalf, from repeating the claim that his version of the exchange was fabricated.


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Ummanz, Rügen's small sister island in the Baltic Sea, has a special ambiance of calm and tranquillity. With its charming fishing villages and unspoilt scenery, it offers everything you need for a relaxing break.
Ummanz lies just off the coast of Rügen in the Baltic Sea and belongs to the federal state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The island has been connected to Rügen via a long bridge since 1901. Ummanz is extremely flat and its 20 square kilometres of land are constantly awash with water from the shallow lagoons, or Bodden, around Rügen. As a result, the island – composed largely of pastureland, meadows and crop fields – is barely three metres above sea level. For years now, Ummanz's unspoilt countryside, sculpted by fishing and agriculture, has been captivating an ever increasing number of tourists.
Ummanz is situated in the Western-Pomeranian Boddenlandschaft National Park , and is surrounded by a large number of other small islands including Urkevitz, Wührens, Mährens, Heuwiese and the Lieschow peninsula, where holidaymakers can watch herons, geese, cormorants and eagles undisturbed. The village of Waase is located immediately before the bridge over the Focker Channel that links Ummanz to Rügen. This, the island's largest settlement, is where holidaymakers can find out all they need to know about Ummanz and pick up a few tips on how best to explore the island by bike. A great place to start is Waase's own village church. Seemingly nondescript on the outside, it contains an exquisite carved alter that was made in Antwerp in 1520 and was originally intended for Stralsund on the mainland. After various other activities such as horse riding, fishing and pedal boating, there is no better place to relax and enjoy some delicious local food than in one of the island's fish restaurants. Ummanz, with its wonderful holiday homes, is a great destination for the whole family.
Dve uporabni bližnjici za povečavo v brskalniku:
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Dodatna pomoč vam je na voljo pri ponudniku brskalnika. Do nje dostopate s klikom na ikono:


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I dig movies, which makes sense since I write a movie blog. That being said, what am I going to do when Skynet rises, and the machines take over? Or when the time comes when there's no room in Hell, and the dead walk the earth?
Which is why I would like to reintroduce everyone to StoryBundle. I first heard about them sometime in 2012, when they launched the Halloween Horror Bundle, with work by writers like Douglas Clegg and Kevin J. Anderson.
More recently, they launched an Indie Fantasy Bundle, which consists of eight titles by writers like Christopher Bunn and Blair MacGregor, neither of whom I have heard of before.
Which, believe it or not, is part of the attraction. For instance, I am a huge fan of Stephen R. Donaldson (the writer of "The Chronicles of Thomas Convenant, The Unbeliever" as well as the incredible 'Gap Saga') but I would never discover any interesting writing if I didn't seek out new writers.
Which is why the Indie Fantasy Bundle is so cool. You get eight ebooks by writers that you probably have little information about, which means that you're delving into worlds that share only a genre in common.
And like with the Halloween bundle, you pay what you can, though you get two more ebooks if you pay at least ten dollars.
So, if the robots decide to throw off the yolk of their human oppressors, or the zombies start to hunger for your brains, at least you'll have something to read.


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Industry experts say modular building technologies—which allow for the prefabrication of modules in a warehouse or manufacturing facility for seamless on-site installation—can offer tremendous advantages over traditional stick-built means. This derivative of the design/build method produces key project components off-site and is sharpening the competitive edge for some electrical contractors (ECs) in a recovering economy.
Modular drivers
Major activity in mass prefabrication for system building dates back to the construction of houses, churches and hospitals in the early part of the 20th century. The modular concept has been credited with mitigating job site delays, increasing worker safety, decreasing production waste and providing greater assurances of quality, delivery and cost. Some of the primary drivers behind prefabrication in a controlled environment include aggressive production schedules, repetitive floor plans, congested work sites and weather constraints.
"We can have people working on a project in an off-site location, assembling modular units that can be installed at a later date. That schedule flexibility, along with providing an edge on some of the competition, is also driving it," said Mark Smith, senior project manager at Dayton, Ohio-based Chapel Electric Co. LLC.
Examples of modular building are everywhere. For instance, retail giants, such as Target and Walmart, employ commercial applications of modularity to construct flexible and cost-effective retail space. And, according to Bill Mazzetti, senior vice president and chief engineer at San Jose, Calif-based Rosendin Electric Inc., the construction concept is currently having a revolutionary impact on the delivery of data center facilities.
Providing the ability to deploy additional mission-critical capacity with greater labor efficiencies is significantly condensing construction timetables and transforming the way hospitals, schools, offices, high-rise residential buildings, hotels and geothermal plants are being built.
"The reason we got into the modular business was to simply raise our competitiveness. We feel it is an irrefutable and irreversible trend in the industry," Mazzetti said, pointing out that the company's interest is accelerated by information technology manufacturers and general contracting firms who are seizing the scope and control of electrical fabrication work. He believes this practice can and should be pursued by a skilled EC work force.
"If we don't do the work, we know somebody else will. Frankly, I see a great deal of use for modularity in many areas and in all disciplines," Mazzetti said.
Design/build expansion
Susan Hines, managing director of public relations and information at the Design-Build Institute of America, said electrical prefabrication is creating a new dimension for design/build methodologies.
"Design/build is all about bringing as many people to the table as early as possible in the process to harness creativity and knowledge, and that includes fabrication," Hines said.
She acknowledged modularity doesn't stop with prefabricated steel and concrete.
"Electrical prefabrication is another tool in the toolbox to do a job on time and on budget to meet a customer's needs," Hines said.
"Mechanical plant, piping and ductwork fabrication is a mature and well-adopted construction technique," Mazzetti said. "In many ways, electrical has been the last person to the party."
According to Thomas Korman, associate professor of construction management at Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo, Calif., constructability is further enhanced when ECs can proactively access design intent and apply intelligent 3-D modeling technologies to the integrated project delivery method.
"With native electronic files, they're able to tailor their design to be installed and fabricated easier. It results in a higher profit margin because they're not stuck with a design that's not buildable," Korman said.
Korman said that with the increased use of building information modeling (BIM), electrical modularity becomes more effective and valued because the entire developmental process from planning and design to drawings and manufacturing can be streamlined with measurable results. Prefabrication accuracy and efficiency can be further enhanced when based on information modeling that helps identify and resolve conflicts between structural and mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) designs.
As integrated project delivery methods evolve, Korman expects to see more reliance on MEP plans that incorporate virtual building for optimum prefabrication.
"It's hard to do modular construction without information modeling," Korman said, adding that the coordination can be worked out in the model, and repeated electrical components for multiple rooms or locations can be copied and pasted.
"ECs can do much larger sweeps, conduits and bendings to the proper radius in their shops. They can go to the level of pulling wire into wall and ceiling sections before delivery rather than pulling it all in the field," Korman said.
A common misconception in the industry is that prefabrication can only be effective in repetitive designs and larger projects. Not so, said Joan Fultz, Chapel Electric Co.'s prefabrication manager.
"The planning and design upfront may be more intensive, but components on any floor can be prefabbed," she said.
It can be as simple as packaging lighting fixtures in a controlled environment and cutting and bending conduit to specific lengths. Chapel Electric Co. routinely assembles panel enclosures and transformers in its shop and has preproduced metal-clad cable assemblies for stud walls and voice/data/video raceway drops for site installation.
Data center directive
"While originally seen as a platform-specific application, mechanical and electrical systems are now being elegantly and efficiently packaged, completing the modular circle," writes Mazzetti in a blog post, "The Biggest Data Center Trends for 2011." In practice, Microsoft, HP, IBM and Dell have adopted the concept with construction of scalable, energy-efficient units to house cloud-computing platforms and other online capacity issues.
And ECs are getting involved. For instance, Rosendin Electric Inc. completed its first mission-critical project in 2010 and put an agreement and resources in place to provide a factory setting for prefabricating an electrical room for a data center.
Mazzetti reported that after the firm accepted the 24-week job, the schedule was compressed into 14 weeks. In partnership with Rosendin Electric's wholly owned subsidiary, KST Electric Ltd., and ACS, both located in Texas, the structural steel work, raised floor systems, enclosures and wiring were all completed in the factory on time and transported by truck to California. The four large sections were dropped into the building for final connections in less than 18 hours. In a more containerized solution, Rosendin Electric can subcontract additional mechanical functions, such as heating, ventilating, air conditioning and fire alarm systems.
Fundamentally, Mazzetti said, the modular approach transfers labor from the field to the factory with cost advantages that extend to the union labor model.
"You can work issues simultaneously. We don't have problems with labor stacking on the job site when you may not control the material flow or the equipment delivery, and we know what it's going to look like before we deliver it," Mazzetti said.
Overall, when comparing modular construction to stick-built construction for data center construction, Mazzetti is confident modularity is a better method all around.
"We're getting better quality, getting our product there quicker, and it's a lower total cost of installation than we would normally pay," he said. "If I have equipment in hand, we can turn an electrical system in three to five weeks from order placement. It's insanely fast, and the quality goes up."
Multiple trades and markets
Chapel Electric dipped its toe into the modular stream in 2001. Fultz joined in 2003 to establish a prefabrication program and serve as a liaison between its prefabrication foreman and the project managers. The program has completed a couple of large projects every year, including a nine-story apartment building, offices on an Air Force base, multiple schools, industrial conveyors, and additions to the National Archives. Less than a decade after the program's development, the company secured the opportunity to participate on the nation's first multitrade healthcare prefabrication team.
The 484,000-square-foot Miami Valley Hospital in Dayton, headed up by Skanska USA Building Inc., is believed to be the most impressive prefabrication project in the country. According to Smith, the electrical portion of the 12-story project was performed as a design/assist process with Skanska, in conjunction with the project engineers.
"Design/assist helps us work with the owner better to provide the systems and products that they want in their building. At the same time, it enhances the overall project schedule," Smith said.
Collaborative MEP prefabrication of 178 patient rooms and 120 overhead-corridor racks trimmed more than two months from the construction schedule, cutting 1 to 2 percent off the cost of the $152 million facility. Chapel Electric Co. crews performed the prefab work in a warehouse two miles from the project. There they built the corridor rack modules, bathroom pods and patient room headwalls and footwalls. Between 35 to 40 percent of the project was built off-site.
Marty Corrado, project executive for field operations in Skanska's Nashville office, said that electrical prefabrication was vital to construction on a tightly configured site with no staging area.
"What makes this process so unique is we used our subcontractor trades and did all the work off-site that would've normally been done on-site. To be able to put all the conduit and all the cable trays together off-site, it cut down the waste and was that much less material to be delivered and distributed around each floor and installed one piece at a time," Corrado said.
The multitrade prefab offered all the benefits of a single-trade approach: a controlled environment, increased labor efficiencies and leaner production using a total of 18 workers. Despite the high volume of prefabrication, safety improved significantly over a traditional commercial work site. No shop injuries or accidents occurred.
"No one worried about climbing ladders or falling into rough terrain," Smith said.
Smith and Mazzetti continue to push the modular concept forward, having seen few limitations.
"I actually think the owner receives a better product from a quality perspective because materials are installed in a controlled environment, and the building is usually up and covered before installation," Smith said.
"I think the only issue becomes if you really don't have a clear idea for manufacturing or a jurisdiction that doesn't understand it, then you're going to get garbage in and garbage out," Mazzetti said.
Though he sees modular construction as a trend in this marketplace, it hasn't settled itself out yet.
"But it's here, and it's here to stay," Mazzetti said.
MCCLUNG, owner of Woodland Communications, is a construction writer from Iowa. She can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
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text:
You're hurt or sick, and you need quick cre. The question is — urgent care or the ER?
Today we found some great articles on bringing home baby without breaking the budget, going to the movies for cheap, and veterans day free meals.
As most of you know, the cost of healthcare in the United States is outrageous! (Sicko, anyone?) For those lucky enough to have good medical insurance, an illness or an injury does not become a financial burden. [more]
My animals are a pricey bunch. Cute, and sweet, but medically challenged. [more]
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text:
Latitude API Launched By Google For Developers
Yesterday Google announced on their Official Google Mobile Blog the Google Latitude API specifically for third-party app developers, so that a user's location can be integrated into the app's operations. They also recognized the need to keep users in control of information that reveals their location.
Phandroid writes how that will be maintained by mentioning that "users will need to specifically grant Latitude access to an app before it can begin using the service, but I think this is a great way to get more people interested in Google's location-tracking venture."
Google tries to kick-start the development of apps harnessing this new ability by mentioning these possibilities:
- Thermostats that turn on and off automatically when you're driving towards or away from home.
- Traffic that send alerts if there's heavy traffic ahead of you or on a route you usually take based on your location history
- Your credit card accounts to alert you of potential fraud when a purchase is made far from where you actually are.
- Photo albums so your vacation photos appear on a map at all the places you visited based on your location history.
Androinica makes a relevant observation by saying that "apps are becoming more about "location, location, location."
Developers, head here to find the API and join the Latitude API Google Group for support from the community.
Other Sources: Androinica, Google Mobile Blog, Phandroid
Image from Androinica
Source: Google Mobile Blog


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Fierce fighting between the Lebanese Army and supporters of a firebrand anti-Hezbollah sheikh in the south Lebanon city of Sidon raged for a second day Monday, security sources said, adding that the number of soldiers killed in the two days of clashes had risen to 17.
The sources said the Army tightened the noose around Sheikh Ahmad Assir and his some 250 gunmen barricaded in and around a mosque in the Abra suburb of the city, 40 km south of Beirut, in overnight fighting after an attempt by a group of Salafi preachers to mediate a truce reached a dead-end.
The military, which deployed several tanks in the area, made several attempts to approach the Abra mosque, according to the sources, but was still facing stiff resistance from the preacher's gunmen who deployed in surrounding buildings.
Fighting erupted Sunday after Assir supporters attacked an Army checkpoint, killing three soldiers and wounding several others.
Pitched battles ensued as the Army, which vowed to respond with an iron fist to the "cold-blooded" attack, stormed Assir-held Abra.
At least 14 more soldiers were killed and more than 65 wounded. At least two civilians also died in the clashes, which brought Sidon to a standstill.
Reports on the casualties among the gunmen remained sketchy, though two were confirmed dead early in the battle.
Hundreds of civilians were trapped in the fighting with some making appeals on local television stations for the Army to secure a safe passage for them.
An apartment block said to house Assir's house was set ablaze by rocket-propelled grenades while other buildings and dozens of cars were damaged.
Ambulances and civil defense units were also unable to gain access to the tiny neighborhood.
The sources said one of the two civilian fatalities occurred in the Taamir area of the nearby Palestinian refugee camp of Ain al-Hilweh, where militants fought Army positions early Monday in an attempt to relieve the pressure off Abra. Two soldiers were also wounded in that area.
Heavy traffic straddled Sidon's coastal highway from the south in the morning hours as motorists made their way to the Lebanese capital following weekend retreats.
"I felt trapped in my car waiting to get passed the security checkpoint on the seaside road," one motorist, who wished to remain anonymous, said.
"The sound of gunfire is just non-stop and the smoke over the city can be seen miles away," the motorist, speaking from Sidon, added.
Military sources said the Army was determined to continue operations until Assir was captured and his followers crushed. They said the Army expected to have complete control of Abra later Monday.
The fighting, which the Army said was reminiscent of events preceding Lebanon's 1975-90 Civil War, highlighted the increasing impact of the conflict in Syria on its small neighbor.
Assir is a staunch supporter of rebels seeking the ouster of Syrian President Bashar Assad and an outspoken critic of Hezbollah.
He had stepped up his rhetoric against Hezbollah, in ferocious sectarian tone, since the powerful group announced in April that it was fighting alongside Assad's forces.
Via SyndiGate.info
Copyright © 2020, The Daily Star. All rights reserved.


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Not new news, but I'm just getting around to mentioning it here:
I am happy to announce that a second Spectrum exhibition will be held at the Museum of American Illustration at the Society of Illustrators in September 2009. That may seem like a long way off but, trust me, I'm already shaking in my Berkenstocks.
The exhibit will include selected works from Spectrums 12 through 15, representing each of it's categories -- Advertising, Book, Editorial, Institutional, Dimensional, Uncommissioned, and the newly added Concept Art.
We held the first Spectrum exhibition a year ago September. It was curated by Cathy and Arnie Fenner, Greg Manchess, and myself. It featured 190 works selected from Spectrums 1 through 11 covering 155 artists. The opening had over 300 attendees, including almost all of the exhibiting artists, and lasted late into the night. Everyone said that they were having the time of their lives -- extremely gratifying after two years of work putting it together, bit by bit. Unfortunately, while playing host I spent the entire night saying hello to everyone and not getting to actually talk to anyone. Too bad, 'cause a lot of really cool people were there -- J.J. Palencar, Robert McGinnis, Kinuko Craft, Raymond Swanland, James Gurney, Thomas Blackshear, Leo and Diane Dillon(!), Thomas Kuebler, Tim Holter Bruckner, Justin Sweet, Bob Eggleton, Charles Vess, Brom, Scott Gustafson, Stephan Martiniere, and so many others I regret not mentioning by name. Quite a number of collectors, editors, and art directors were also in attendance.
The exhibition was very well attended throughout it's run . Again, very gratifying. I was hanging around the place quite a bit, as you can imagine, and I often ran into groups having made the trek from various far off states. I was even more touched that people who had little or no connection to the genre said it was one of the best shows they had seen.
I've said it everywhere I could but it's worth repeating: It would not have happened without co-curators and tireless collaborators Cathy and Arnie Fenner and Greg Manchess, and for a tremendous amount of help from Arkady Roytman, Bridget McGovern, Dan Dos Santos, and Donato Giancola. And, of course, it really would not have happened without the mountains of hard work that Cathy and Arnie put into Spectrum each and every year.
It was loads of work, but it was also loads of fun , so....September, 2009, we'll do it all again!
FURTHER READING: Here is an interview that Sequential Tart did with me about the show. Spectrum's site has a quick article and more pictures here.
TOP: Banner. MIDDLE: A few views of the exhibition. BOTTOM, LEFT SIDE: Crowds in the exhibition. Crowds at the after party in the dinning hall. Leo and Diane Dillon. Kinuko Craft. BOTTOM, RIGHT SIDE: Michael Whelan, Stephan Martinere, Donato Giancola, Joe De Vito. Sandra Lyra. Michael Kaluta and Scott Gustafson. Cathy & Arnie Fenner, me, Greg Manchess.
Monday, December 11, 2006
Spectrum Exhibition...Again!
Not new news, but I'm just getting around to mentioning it here:
4 comments:
- Shelly Wan said...
ahhhhhhhhh~ i spot a Mead Schaeffer!!!!! @_____@
Irene thanks for posting all these events(this and illustration house, AOL etc), i love them! ^0^
May i have one little request...? would u please post some of your wonderful photos of the golden age illustrators' work somewhere on CA? it's very hard to find big sizes of Mead Schaeffer on line anywhere, and i do miss the big chunky brushstrokes you can see up close....
- Unknown said...
It was a great event, and the people i met during the set up and the opening have become great friends. I'm there for whatever you need, Irene. and maybe if i get my ass in gear i may be hanging my own piece up in 2009.
- Irene Gallo said...
Watch out, Arkady, I plan to be _much_ better at delegating this time!
Hi Shelly - I'll try to get those pictures up on CA. Maybe during the Christmas break when I can relax a bit.
Everyone - You should run over to Shelly's blog. She's insanely good!
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Greetings blogfriends from around the world! How have you been? I have been really busy trying to get used to to this new daily routine of ours. It is a balancing act that is just now starting to run smoothly.
When the witchling is in school I try to get my workouts out of the way, work a little and do some chores. This is a lot because she is gone for only four hours. Then if I manage to steal some time from work, I give her a bath and give her something to eat before I send her off to her mid-day nap. Then I work until at nights my husband goes to work and I play a little with her and prepare her again for sleep. Sometimes, I work a little more at nights but if I don't, I get out my pans and cook plenty of dishes to be prepared for 2 or 3 days. Through this tight schedule there is not much time for socializing but I am lucky to work out some days with my best friend and I always try to squeeze in a play date for the witch princess in a week. Finally, Sundays are family time.
This Sunday our grandma and grandpa will join us to decorate our candy Yule tree. Yesterday she decorated some cookies I baked with matching pink sugar sprinkles and hearts with our pink candy tree decorations. Of course we ate most of them Among us there is no self restraint. How people manage to keep sweets in their houses for weeks untouched is still a mystery to me. And later tonight we will write Santa a letter. She wants a cinderella book and year long tickets to the zoo.
On my usual magical note, I found myself lately really connecting with two rituals combined into one. I light my three candles for the three faces of Brighid and with three drops of my blood on three red rose petals I summon Her. I meditate and draw my cards ask for guidance and connect. Then I light the four candles around me for the elements. Underneath air's candle there is a piece of paper with health written on it. Under fire's there's the word glow. Under water's beauty and under earth's the word strength. The words stand for different things at different times, but they are always the same. I burn my incense, I burn the papers, I chant my elemental prayer four times. I ground my self. I give offerings. I take off the candle flames with my left index finger the one I prick. I thank the Goddess and the powers of the universe and I release the energies.
Have you ever found yourself having a specific ritual practiced routinely?
Many bright blessings.
A glimpse in my mundane and magical routine
Greetings blogfriends from around the world! How have you been? I have been really busy trying to get used to to this new daily routine of ours. It is a balancing act that is just now starting to run smoothly.


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Robbie Deans has been sacked as Wallabies coach and he will be replaced by Queensland's Ewen McKenzie.
No decision has yet been announced, but the ABC understands McKenzie will be named as the new Wallabies coach at a press conference later today.
Deans was appointed as Wallabies coach in December 2007. His contract was extended for two years in 2011, but it is understood that the Australian Rugby Union has released Deans from his contract six months early.
Speculation about the end of Deans' tenure as coach has been rampant for some time, peaking after the Wallabies' 41-16 hammering at the hands of the British and Irish Lions in the deciding test in Sydney on Saturday.
Aside from the loss to the Lions, Deans' record of three wins from 18 matches against the All Blacks was cited by critics as a failure of the Wallabies under the former Crusaders coach and New Zealand assistant coach.
McKenzie and Brumbies coach Jake White were seen as the two likely successors to Deans, but it is believed the nod has gone to McKenzie.
The former Waratahs and Reds coach announced in March he would quit his post as Reds coaching director at the end of the season, saying he had a desire for a new coaching role involving a national side.
McKenzie won the Super Rugby title with the Reds in 2011.
Meanwhile, Wallabies coaching co-ordinator Tony McGahan was named as the new coach of the Rebels Super Rugby side yesterday.


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Heisey 7
Valdez 6
Votto 3
Frazier 5
Cairo 4
Phipps 9
Stubbs 8
Hanigan 2
Bailey 1
8:06 p.m. vs. Dodgers. NOTE: Kershaw starting for Dodgers instead of Harang, the Dodgers announced today.
At this hour, there is no Dusty Baker update from the Reds. Acting manager Chris Speier again will do the pre-game session with reporters.
Ugly lineup, but what the hell, they've earned it.


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Difference between revisions of "Terminology"
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the process of developing and evolving E-type system is driven by feedback

the process of developing and evolving E-type system is driven by feedback

An error is the part of the system state that is liable to lead to the subsequent ''failure''
An error is the part of the system state that is liable to lead to the subsequent ''failure''\cite{selfAdaptiveSA2002}.
Revision as of 14:44, 12 November 2008
This webpage collects definition of scientific terms used in software evolution research. Any suggestions for addition or modification can be sent to the maintainer of this page.
Abstract syntax tree.
Compilers often construct an abstract syntax tree (AST) for the semantic analysis. Its nodes are programming language constructs and its edges express the hierarchical relation between these constructs. From \cite{Koschke98}: "The structure of an AST is a simplification of the underlying grammar of the programming language, e.g., by generalization or by suppressing chain rules. (...) This structure can be generalized so that it can be used to represent programs of different languages.
Aspect definitions consist of pointcuts and advices. Advices are the code that crosscuts the dominant decomposition of a software system.
Agile software development.
According to Scott W. Ambler, respected authority in the agile methods community, agile software development "is an iterative and incremental (evolutionary) approach to software development
which is performed in a highly collaborative manner with "just enough ceremony that produces high quality software which meets the changing needs of its stakeholders. Agile methods refer to a collection of "ligthweight software development methodologies that are basically aimed at minimising risk and achieving customer satisfaction through a short feedback loop.
Anti-regressive work.
Term introduced by Lehman \cite{LehmanBelady1985} to describe the work done to decrease the complexity of a program without altering the functionality of the system as perceived by users. Anti-regressive work includes activities such as code rewriting, refactoring, reengineering, restructuring, redocumenting, and so on.
The architecture of a software system is the set of principal design decisions about the system. It is the structural and behavioural framework on which all other aspects of the system depend. It is the organisational structure of a software system including components, connections, constraints, and rationale.
Architectural style.
David Garlan states that an architectural style "defines constraints on the form and structure of a family of architectural instances.
A modular unit designed to implement a (crosscutting) concern. In other words, an aspect provides a solution for abstracting code that would otherwise be spread throughout (i.e., cross-cut) the entire program. Aspects are composed of pointcuts and advices.
Aspect exploration.
The activity of locating opportunities for introducing aspects in non aspect-oriented software. A distinction can be made between manual exploration supported by special-purpose browsers and source-code navigation tools, and aspect mining techniques that try to automate this process of aspect discovery and propose the user one or more aspect candidates.
Aspect extraction.
The activity that turns potential aspects into actual aspects in some aspect-oriented language, after a set of potential aspects have been identified in the aspect exploration phase.
Aspect evolution.
The process of progressively modifying the elements of an aspect-oriented software system in order to improve or maintain its quality over time, under changing contexts and requirements.
Aspect migration.
The process of migrating a software system that is written in a non aspect-oriented way into an aspect-oriented equivalent of that system.
Aspect mining.
The activity of semi-automatically discovering those crosscutting concerns that potentially could be turned into aspects, from the source code and/or run-time behaviour of a software system.
Aspect-oriented software development. An approach to software development that addresses limitations inherent in other approaches, including object-oriented programming. The approach aims to address crosscutting concerns by providing means for systematic identification, separation, representation and composition. Crosscutting concerns are encapsulated in separate modules, known as aspects, so that localization can be promoted. This results in better support for modularization hence reducing development, maintenance and evolution costs.
Aspect weaving.
The process of composing the core functionality of a software system with the aspects that are defined on top of it, thereby yielding a working system.
Bad smell.
According to Kent Beck \cite{Fowler1999} a bad smell is a structure in the code that suggests, and sometimes even scream for, opportunities for refactoring.
Case study.
According to \cite{Fenton&Pfleeger1997}, a case study is a research technique where you identify key factors that may affect the outcome of an activity and then document the activity: its inputs, constraints, resources, and outputs. Case studies usually look at a typical project, rather than trying to capture information about all possible cases; these can be thought of as "research in the typical". Formal experiments, case studies and surveys are three key components of empirical investigation in software engineering.
However, the term case study is also often used in an engineering sense of the word. Testing a given technique or tool on a representative case against a predefined list of criteria and reporting about the lessons learned.
CASE tool.
A software tool that helps software designers and developers specify, generate and maintain some or all of the software components of an application. Many popular CASE tools provide functions to allow developers to draw database schemas and to generate the corresponding code in a data description language (DDL). Other CASE tools support the analysis and design phases of software development, for example by allowing the software developer to draw different types of UML diagrams.
Change charter.
This term is used sometimes when developing a new system (or evolving an existing system) to refer to what can be potentially changed. It may be used as a synonym of "scope.
Change log.
Record with some of the information related to one or several amendments (i.e., changes) made to the code or to another software artefact. The record generally includes the responsible, the date and some explanation (e.g., reasons for which a change was made).
A software clone is a special kind of software duplicate. It is a piece of software (e.g., a code fragment) that has been obtained by cloning (i.e., duplicating via the copy-and-paste mechanism) another piece of software and perhaps making some additional changes to it. This primitive kind of software reuse is more harmful than it is beneficial. It actually makes the activities of debugging, maintenance and evolution considerably more difficult.
Clone detection.
The activity of locating duplicates or fragments of code with a high degree of similarity and redundancy.
In \cite{Shaw&Garlan1996}, Mary Shaw and David Garlan define software components as "the loci of computation and state. Each component has an interface specification that defines its properties, which include the signatures and functionality of its resources together with global relations, performance properties, and so on. (...)
Structural complexity refers to the degree to which a program is difficult to understand by human developers in order to, for example, inspect the program, or modify it. There are other types of complexity (e.g., algorithmic complexity). Different measures of software complexity exist. One of the best known is McCabe's cyclomatic complexity.
In \cite{Shaw&Garlan1996}, Mary Shaw and David Garlan state that connectors are "the loci of relations among components. They mediate interactions but are not things to be hooked up (rather, they do the hooking up). Each connector has a protocol specification that defines its properties, which include rules about the types of interfaces it is able to mediate for, assurances about properties of the interaction, rules about the order in which things happen, and commitments about the interaction (...).
Consistency is the absence of inconsistencies in or between software artefacts. If the software artefact under consideration is a program, we talk about program (in)consistency, if the software artefact is a model, we talk about model (in)consistency. If the software artefact is a (program or model) transformation, we talk about transformation (in)consistency.
Crosscutting concerns.
Concerns that do not fit within the dominant decomposition of a given software system, and as such have an implementation that cuts across that decomposition. Aspect-oriented programming is intended to be a solution to modularise such crosscutting concerns.
Database conversion. In database migration, we can distinguish between two migration strategies.
- Physical database conversion is a straightforward migration strategy according to which each source schema object (e.g., a record type or a data field) is converted to the closest construct of the target DMS model (e.g., a table or a column). This strategy is sometimes called one-to-one migration. This approach is fast, simple and inexpensive but generally yields a database with poor performance and weak maintainability.
- Conceptual database conversion is a migration strategy that transforms the source data\-base into a clean and normalized target database that exploits the expressive power of the target DMS. This strategy comprises a reverse engineering phase, through which the conceptual schema of the database is recovered, followed by a forward engineering towards the new DMS. This approach is slow, expensive and relies on skilled developers, but its output is a high quality database that will be easy to maintain and to evolve.
Database reverse engineering.
A special kind of reverse engineering. It is the process through which the logical and conceptual schemas of a legacy database, or of a set of files, are recovered from various information sources such as DDL code, data dictionary contents, database contents, or the source code of application programs that use the database.
Database model and database schema. In the database realm, a model M is a formal system comprising a closed set of abstract object categories and a set of assembly rules that states which arrangements of objects are valid. Since M is supposed to describe the structure, the properties and the behaviour of a class S of external systems, the semantics of M is specified by a mapping of M onto S. Any arrangement m of objects which is valid according to M describes a specific system s of class S. m is called a schema while s is the application domain or the universe of discourse. Among the most popular conceptual models we can mention the Entity-Relationship models, Object-Role models, relational models and UML class models. Among DBMS models, the SQL, CODASYL, IMS, Object-relational and XML models are curently the most widely used. We can essentially distinguish three types of database schemas:
- Conceptual schema. A structured technology-independent description of the information about an application domain such as a company or a library. By extension, it is also an abstract representation of the existing or project database that is made up of the data of this domain.
- Logical schema. The description of the data structures of a database according to the model of a specific technology, e.g., a RDBMS. The logical schema of a database is the implementation of its conceptual schema. Application programs know the database through its logical schema.
- Physical schema. The technical description of a database where all the physical constructs (such as indexes) and parameters (such as page size or buffer management policy) are specified. The physical schema of a database is the implementation of its logical schema.
Decay is the antithesis of evolution. While the evolution process involves progressive changes, the changes are degenerative in the case of decay.
Dominant decomposition. The dominant decomposition is the principle decomposition of a program into separate modules. The tyranny of the dominant decomposition \cite{TarrEtAl1999.icse} refers to restrictions imposed by the dominant decomposition on a software engineer's ability to represent particular concerns in a modular way. Many kinds of concerns do not align with the chosen decomposition, so that the concerns end up scattered across many modules and tangled with one another.
A software duplicate is a code fragment that is redundant to another
code fragment; often due to copy and paste. A negative consequence of duplication is that
if one fragment is changed, each duplicate may need to be adjusted, too.
Note that a the term software duplicate is preferred over software clone. In English, clone suggests that one fragment is derived/copied from the other one. However, this is just one special type of software redundancy. Code fragments could also be similar by accident.
E-type system. One of the three types of software described by Lehman in his SPE program classification \cite{LehmanBelady1985}. The distinctive properties of E-type systems are:
- the problem that they address cannot be formally and completely specified
- the program has an imperfect model of the operational domain embedded in it
- the program reflects an unbounded number of assumptions about the real world
- the installation of the program changes the operation domain
- the process of developing and evolving E-type system is driven by feedback
Error. An error is the part of the system state that is liable to lead to the subsequent failure \cite{selfAdaptiveSA2002}.
According to Lehman and Ramil (chapter 1 of \cite{MadhavjiEtAl2006}), the term evolution reflects "a process of progressive, for example beneficial, change in the attributes of the evolving entity or that of one or more of its constituent elements. What is accepted as progressive must be determined in each context.
It is also appropriate to apply the term evolution when long-term change trends are beneficial even though isolated or short sequences of changes may appear degenerative. For example, an entity or collection of entities may be said to be evolving if their value or fitness is increasing over time. Individually or collectively they are becoming more meaningful, more complete or more adapted to a changing environment.
Evolutionary process model.
A software process model that explicitly takes into account the iterative and incremental nature of software development. A typical example is the so-called spiral software process model.
Term used mainly in economics to refer to the break-down of markets due to external influences. In open source software, network externalities have been used to refer to code importing, replication, tailoring or code sharing between projects which can lead to superlinear functional growth.
Extreme programming.
Extreme programming (XP) is a specific instance of agile software development that aims to simplify and expedite the process of developing new software in a volatile environment of rapidly-changing requirements. XP is a lightweight process that offers a set of values, principles and practices for developing software that provides the highest value for the customer in the fastest way possible.
In engineering, feedback refers to the case when at least some part of the output(s) of the system are fed back to the input, normally for control purposes. In systems thinking and related disciplines (e.g., system dynamics), feedback describes a property of many complex systems in which the outputs determine the inputs.
Forward engineering.
Forward engineering is the traditional process of moving from high-level abstractions and logical, implementation-independent designs to the physical implementation of a system \cite{Demeyer&al2002}.
Fragile pointcut problem.
This problem arises in aspect-oriented software development when pointcuts unintentionally capture or miss particular joinpoints as a consequence of their fragility with respect to seemingly safe modifications to the base program.
Free software.
A popular mode of software distribution as a common good in which users can access, modify and re-distribute the code, under the terms of the license and some parts (e.g., notices) that should not been modified.
Graph transformation.
Graph transformation (also known as graph rewriting or graph grammars) is a theory and set of associated tools that allows to modify graph-based structures by means of transformation rules, and to reason about the formal properties of these rules. It is an extension of the theory of term rewriting. One of its many useful applications is to formalize model transformations in the contex of model-driven software engineering.
Graph transformation rule.
A graph transformation rule is composed of a Left-Hand Side (LHS) and a Right-Hand Side (RHS). The LHS of the rule specifies the pre-conditions that must be satisfied so that the rule can be applied. The RHS corresponds to the post-conditions of applying the rule. Executing a graph transformation rule consists of finding an occurrence (or match) of the LHS and transforming it into the RHS.
Implicit construct.
In a database, a data structure or an integrity constraint that holds, or should hold, among the data, but that has not been explicitly declared in the DDL code of the database. Implicit compound and multivalued fields as well as implicit foreign keys are some of the most challenging constructs to chase when recovering the logical schema of a database.
Paraphrased from \cite{SpanoudakisZisman2001}, an inconsistency is a situation in which two or more overlapping elements of one or different software artefacts make assertions about aspects of the system they describe that are not jointly satisfiable.
Information system.
The subsystem of an organization aimed at collecting, memorizing, processing and distributing the information that is necessary to support the business and management processes of this organization. According to a limited meaning, an information system is a business software system comprising a database and the programs that use it.
A joinpoint is a well-defined place in the structure or execution flow of a program where additional behaviour can be attached.
Legacy software.
According to \cite{BrodieStonebraker1995}, a legacy system is any system that significantly resists modifications and change.
According to \cite{Demeyer&al2002}, legacy software is valuable software that you have inherited. It may have been developed using an outdated programming language or an obsolete development method. Most likely it has changed hands several times and shows signs of many modifications and adaptations.
According to the ISO Standard 12207 (1995), the software product undergoes modification to code and associated documentation due to a problem or the need for improvement. The objective of software maintenance is to modify the existing software while preserving its integrity.
According to the IEEE Standard 1219 (1999), software maintenance is the modification of a software product after delivery to correct faults, to improve performance or other attributes, or to adapt the product to a modified environment. In the ISO/IEC Standard 14764 (1999), maintenance is further subdivided into four categories:
- Perfective maintenance is any modification of a software product after delivery to improve performance or maintainability.
- Corrective maintenance is the reactive modification of a software product performed after delivery to correct discovered faults.
- Adaptive maintenance is the modification of a software product performed after delivery to keep a computer program usable in a changed or changing environment.
- Preventive maintenance refers to software modifications performed for the purpose of preventing problems before they occur. This type of maintenance, that does not alter the system functionality, is also referred to as anti-regressive work.
According to the Meta-Object Facility (MOF) standard, a metamodel is a model that defines the language for expressing a model.
According to the IEEE Standard 610-12 (1999), a metric is a quantitative measure of the degree to which a system, component or process possesses a given attribute.
Migration is a particular variant of re-engineering. In the context of software systems, migration refers to the process of moving a software system from one technological environment to another one that is, for some reason, considered to be better. Migrations can be very diverse in nature: changing the hardware infrastructure, changing the underlying operating system, moving data to another kind of database (database migration), changing the programming language in which the software has been written, and so on.
A model is a simplified representation of a system on a higher level of abstraction. It is an abstract view on the actual system emphasizing those aspects that are of interest to someone.
Depending on the system under consideration, we talk about software models (for software systems), database models (for database systems), and so on.
Model-driven engineering.
A software engineering approach that promotes the use of models and transformations as primary artifacts throughout the software development process. Its goal is to tackle the problem of developing, maintaining and evolving complex software systems by raising the level of abstraction from source code to models. As such, model-driven engineering promises reuse at the domain level, increasing the overall software quality.
Open source software.
Software of which the source code is available for users and third parties to be inspected and used. It is made available to the general public with either relaxed or non-existent intellectual property restrictions. It is generally used as a synonym of free software even though the two terms have different connotations. Open emphasises the accessibility to the source code, while free emphasises the freedom to modify and redistribute under the terms of the original license.
An entity's metric value that is beyond a predefined threshold.
Pointcut. Aspect definitions consist of pointcuts and advices. Pointcuts define those points in the source code of a program where an advice will be applied (i.e., where crosscutting code will be "woven).
Precision. In data mining or information retrieval, precision is defined as the proportion of retrieved and relevant data or documents to all the data or documents retrieved
Precision is a measure of how well the technique performs in not returning nonrelevant items. Precision is 100\% when every document returned to the user is relevant to the query. Being very precise usually comes at the risk of missing documents that are relevant, hence precision should be combined with recall.
Program representation.
A program representation consists of properties of a program specified in an alternate means to source code. Kontogiannis, in his article \cite{Kontogiannis93}, states that "Program representation is a key aspect for design recovery as it serves as the basis for any subsequent analysis chosen. Some of the most common program representation methods include (a) abstract syntax trees (...); (b) Prolog rules (...); (c) code and concept objects (...); (d) code action frames (...); (e) attributed data flow graphs (...); (f) control and data flow graphs (...). Most of these approaches represent and refer to the structural properties of a program.
Program understanding.
Program understanding or program comprehension is "the task of building mental models of an underlying software system at various abstraction levels, ranging from models of the code itself to ones of the underlying application domain, for software maintenance, evolution, and re-engineering purposes" \cite{Muller1996}.
In data mining or information retrieval, recall is defined as the proportion of relevant data or documents retrieved, out of all relevant data or documents known or available.
Recall is 100\% when every relevant item is retrieved. In theory, it is easy to achieve good recall: simply return every item in the collection, thus recall by itself is not a good measure and should be combined with precision.
Redesign, in the context of software engineering, is the transformation of a system's structure to comply to a given set of constraints. Architectural redesign is a transformation at model level with the goal of achieving conformance to a specific architectural style.
Software redundancy is the superfluous repitition of code or data.
Note that there is also "healthy redundancy. For example, many programming languages
force us to specify an interface of a module, the declarations in the module body are then redundant to the interface items, and this is a desirably property.
According to \cite{ChikofskyCross1990}, re-engineering is the examination and alteration of a subject system to reconstitute it in a new form and the subsequent implementation of the new form. Re-engineering generally includes some form of reverse engineering (to achieve a more abstract description) followed by some form of forward engineering or restructuring. This may include modifications with respect to new requirements not met by the original system.
Refactoring is the object-oriented equivalent of restructuring. According to \cite{Fowler1999}, refactoring is [the process of making] a change to the internal structure of software to make it easier to understand and cheaper to modify without changing its observable behaviour. If applied to programs, we talk of program refactoring. If applied to models, we talk of model refactoring. If applied to aspects, we talk of aspect refactoring.
A release is a version of a software system that has been approved and distributed to users outside the development team.
According to \cite{ChikofskyCross1990}, restructuring is the transformation from one representation form to another at the same relative abstraction level, while preserving the system's external behaviour.
Reverse engineering.
According to \cite{ChikofskyCross1990}, reverse engineering is the process of analyzing a subject system to identify the system's components and their interrelationships and create representations of the system in another form or at a higher level of abstraction. Reverse engineering generally involves extracting design artefacts and building or synthesizing abstractions that are less implementation-dependent.
Scattering and tangling.
Occurs when the code needed to implement a given concern is spread out (scattered) over and clutters (is tangled with) the code needed to satisfy one or more other concern. Scattering or tangling are typically the result of a program's inability to handle what is called a crosscutting concern.
Schema refinement.
The process within database reverse engineering that attempts to recover all, or at least most, implicit constructs (data structures and integrity constraints) of a physical or logical schema.
Schema conceptualisation.
The process within database reverse engineering that aims at deriving a plausible conceptual schema from the logical schema of a legacy database. Also called schema interpretation.
Schema transformation.
A rewriting rule that replaces a set of constructs of a database schema with another set of constructs. Such a transformation comprises two parts: a schema rewriting rule (structural mapping) and a data conversion rule (instance mapping). The latter transforms the data according to the source schema into data complying with the target schema.
Service-oriented architecture.
According to Thomas Erl \cite{Erl05}, SOA is "a model in which automation logic is decomposed into smaller, distinct units of logic. Collectively, these units comprise a larger piece of business automation logic. Individually, these units can be distributed. (...) (SOA) encourages individual units of logic to exist autonomously yet not isolated from each other. Units of logic are still required to conform to a set of principles that allow them to evolve independently, while still maintaining a sufficient amount of commonality and standardization. Within SOA, these units of logic are known as services.
Some of the key principles of service-orientation are: loose coupling, service contract, autonomy, abstraction, reusability, composability, statelessness and discoverability.
Software engineering.
The term software engineering was defined for the first time during a conference of the NATO Science Committee \cite{Naur&al1969} as "the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain economically software that is reliable and works efficiently on real machines.
Alternatively, the IEEE standard 610-12 (1999) defines software engineering as "the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is, the application of engineering to software.
The ISO/IEC standard 9126 defines testability as "attributes of software that bear on the effort needed to validate the software product" \cite{iso9126}.
Testing. We can distinguish different kinds of software testing~\cite{Binder2000}:
- Regression testing. Tests which seek to reveal cases where software functionality that previously worked as desired, stops working or no longer works in the same way that was previously planned.
- Developer testing. Preliminary testing performed by the software engineers who design and/or implement the software systems. Stands in contrast with independent testing, or testing performed by software engineers who are not directly involved with designing or implementing the software system.
- Black box testing. The use of specified or expected responsibilities of a unit, subsystem, or system to design tests. Synonymous with specification-oriented, behavioral, functional, or responsibility-based test design.
- Acceptance testing. Formal testing conducted to determine whether or not a system satisfies its acceptance criteria and to enable the customer to determine whether or not to accept the system.
- White box testing. The use of source code analysis to develop test cases. Synonymous with structural, glass box, clear box, implementation-based test design.
- Unit testing. Testing of individual software units, or groups of related units. A test unit may be a module, a few modules, or a complete computer program.
The property of software design and development that makes it possible to link any abstract artefact to the technical artefacts that implement it, and conversely. In addition, this link explains how and why this implementation has been chosen.
In the database realm, traceability allows a programmer to know exactly which conceptual object a definite column is an implemention of. Conversely, it informs on how a conceptual object type has been implemented.
Transformation rule.
A rewriting rule through which the instances of some pattern of an abstract or concrete specification are replaced with instances of another pattern. Depending on the type of artefact that needs to be transformed, different types of transformation can be considered: schema transformation (for database schemas), term rewriting (for tree-based structures), graph transformation (for graph-based structures), and so on.
Transformational software engineering.
A view of software engineering through which the production and evolution of software can be modelled, and practically carried out, by a chain of transformations which preserves some essential properties of the source specifications. Program compilation, but also transforming tail recursion into an iterative pattern are popular examples. This approach is currently applied to software evolution, reverse engineering and migration. The transformational paradigm is one of the most powerful approaches to formally guarantee traceability.
A fixed value (typically an upper bound or lower bound) that distinguishes normal values from abnormal metric values. Typically used when applying software metrics to detect anomalies.
Uniqueness is the property of model or program transformations to deliver a unique
result upon termination.
A version is a snapshot of a certain software system at a certain point in time. Whenever a change is made to the software system, a new version is created. The version history is the collection of all versions and their relationships.
Version repository.
A kind of database, file system or other kind of repository in which the version history of a software system are stored. The repository may be used to store source code, executable code, documentation or any other type of software artefact of which different versions may exist over time (or even at the same time).
Web service.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), in \cite{W3CGlossary}, states that "A web service is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface described in a machine-processable format (specifically WSDL). Other systems interact with the web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP-messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other web-related standards.
Well-definedness is the property of model or program transformations to terminate with a
unique and correct result when given a consistent input.
A software component that encapsulates a system component (a procedure, a program, a file, an API) in order to transform its interface with its environment. For instance, a wrapper associated with a legacy program can give the latter an object-oriented interface.
In a database setting, a data wrapper is a software component that encapsulates a database or a set of files in order to change its model and the API through which the data can be manipulated. For example, a data wrapper built on top of a standard file can allow application programs to access the contents of the file as if it were a relational table or a collection of XML documents.


text:
I just want to say "thank you" to all you cool SPX folk who attended the show! It was a great show. I had a lot of fun, met some really cool people and I even sold out one of my books! I also want to say a special "thank you" to my partner in crime, Joe Foo. http://desmondscomic.com/ You're the best! Patty too! Another "thank you" to Robert Ullman (check out his cool stuff!) http://ullman.lurid.com/ for tuning us into the French Paper Company http://www.frenchpaper.com/Index.asp
Without you we would've looked pretty lame. And many many thanks to Jon for that wonderful inspiring script and to Tina for being my inspiration.
It was an epic journey of flying from Michigan to Washington DC then driving to Bethesda and back but I hope to be back again at it next year!


text:
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Paul R. La Monica. Other than Time Warner, the parent of CNNMoney, Abbott Laboratories and AbbVie, La Monica does not own positions in any individual stocks.
If aliens visited Earth and just read the financial and tech press for the past few months, they might think that Research in Motion (RIMM) was the most valuable company on the planet and that Apple (AAPL) was a struggling also-ran fighting for survival. (Yes, in my silly, hypothetical scenario the little green men and women apparently don't have the Internet in their galaxy.)
Related: Apple drags down hedge funds
Shares of Research in Motion, which will finally unveil its oft-delayed BlackBerry 10 operating system and some new phones that run on it on Wednesday, have surged nearly 150% since hitting a 52-week low four months ago. Apple, on the other hand, has plunged more than 35% after it hit an all-time high four months ago.
Of course, you have to look beyond the past few months for the true story.
While hopes are high for RIM right now and investors are treating Apple like tech's version of the gang that couldn't shoot straight, RIM's stock is still a clear loser compared with Apple since June 2007, when the first iPhone debuted.
The iPhone completely revolutionized the smartphone business. RIM has been steadily losing market share and reporting drops in revenue as consumers increasingly found BlackBerrys to be antiquated relics. Where are all the apps? Where's the touchscreen keyboard? RIM used to have a stranglehold on corporate and government IT departments but more businesses and bureaucratic agencies are allowing employees to bring their own devices to work to access e-mail.
So what's next for RIM? Can the pride of Canada's tech scene (RIP Nortel) continue its comeback? That's tough to say.
Bulls point to the fact that RIM may finally have a smartphone that's competitive with the likes of Apple's iPhone as well as products from Samsung and others in the Google (GOOG) Android camp, and Nokia's (NOK) new Lumias that run on the Microsoft (MSFT) Windows Phone platform.
But RIM bears retort that the company is too late to the game and that we've been here before. RIM stock rallied hard leading up to the release of its PlayBook tablet in early 2011. That gadget was supposed to be the company's answer to the iPad. Do you know anyone who uses a PlayBook?
Related: Smartphones: Microsoft and RIM battle for No. 3
You can make a reasonable argument that RIM is still a relatively cheap stock despite its surge over the past few months. Still, you have to make a lot of lofty assumptions.
Currently, the gap between the high and low earnings estimates for RIM on Wall Street stretches about as wide as the distance between the Yukon border with Alaska and Newfoundland. (That's pretty big, eh?)
According to Thomson Reuters, the most skeptical analyst is predicting a loss of $2.82 a share for the fiscal year ending in February 2014, the first full year in which BlackBerry 10 will be on the market. But the most optimistic analyst is forecasting a profit of $4.13 a share.
If that analyst is right, RIM is a steal right now. Shares trade for less than 4 times earnings projections of $4.13 a share. But you're taking a huge leap of faith by using that number.
The consensus earnings estimate for next year is for a loss of 46 cents a share. Sure, it's worth noting that analysts are boosting their forecasts. Wall Street was expecting a 54-cents-per share loss just a week ago. Still, a loss is a loss.>
Sean Udall, an independent trader in San Francisco and author of the TechStrat Report for investing site Minyanville, owns shares of RIM and thinks that the company could earn $1.50 to $2.50 a share next year. He bases that on what he sees as a conservative estimate of 20 million BlackBerry 10 phones sold. He thinks that is doable when you consider that RIM still has about 80 million subscribers. In other words, only 1 in 4 current users would need to buy a new phone. Presumably, they are itching to upgrade.
"The stock has been left for dead," Udall said. "There's no way they shouldn't sell at least 20 million new phones. The tech cognoscenti always want the newest thing."
That may be true. But there already signs of BlackBerry 10 hype starting to subside and it may not be a shock to see investors cash in and proverbially sell on the news following Wednesday's launch.
Related: RIM to advertise BlackBerry 10 during Super Bowl
RIM shares fell more than 3% Tuesday and are down nearly 20% since hitting a 52-week high last week. There are several reasons why the stock might be tumbling.
For one, investors may now be realizing that Apple is not exactly dead. And RIM still faces formidable competition from just about every other smartphone maker. For RIM to keep rallying, it will have to prove without question that the BlackBerry 10 will push RIM back up in the market share race.
The stock also got boosted last week on chatter that Lenovo (LNVGY) might want to purchase RIM. The rumors made some sense considering that Lenovo bought the PC business from IBM (IBM) a few years ago and has done a good job running it. Why not follow Apple's lead and offer smartphones as well as computers?
But Lenovo has since downplayed the talk. What's more, it seems doubtful that Canada's government would approve of a deal to sell RIM to a Chinese company. Canada could play the protecting national interests card like it did in 2010 when it shot down a planned sale of Saskatchewan-based natural resources firm Potash (POT) to Australia's BHP Billiton (BHP).
Related: Samsung's road to global domination
So at the end of the day, there are still lots of questions surrounding RIM. BlackBerry 10 could be the company's savior -- or saviour for you RIM fans up north. But it's almost time for the speculation to stop and for consumers to decide if BlackBerry 10 is worth the hype. That's why one value investor is still steering clear of the stock.
"BlackBerry 10 looks like it could be a nice addition to the smartphone market, but it still looks like it's all Apple and Android," said Brian Frank, president of Frank Capital Partners in New York. "If Apple and Android keep getting more corporate and government customers, RIM will be in a tough position. The stock may look cheap but only if you believe in its future earnings."
Oh, how the tables have turned in the smartphone world ... at least when it comes to stocks.
Apple shares continued to take a tumble, while shares of Research in Motion rallied again. Traders on StockTwits could barely contain themselves.
$AAPL breaks below $500. Meanwhile, $RIMM up nearly 25% in less than 2 trading days.
Yes, RIM (RIMM) shares jumped more than 10% Monday. And the mighty Apple (AAPL), the most valuable tech company in MOREBen Rooney - Jan 14, 2013 12:38 PM ET
Research in Motion is hoping to get its groove back with the upcoming launch of BlackBerry 10, but whether it will work is anybody's guess.
For now, investors are willing to give the company somewhat of a chance. Shares of RIM (RIMM) rose 5% Thursday following news that the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency will begin a pilot program MOREHibah Yousuf - Dec 13, 2012 1:00 PM ET
After a few moments in the sun, smartphone pioneer Research in Motion is again feeling the wrath of fickle investors.
Shares of the BlackBerry-maker fell 6% in afternoon trading Tuesday.
RIM (RIMM) shares had been on a tear over the past few months. The stock rose to about $12 on Monday, nearly double the low it hit in late September.
The advance has been driven in part by hopes that RIM, which has MOREBen Rooney - Nov 27, 2012 1:53 PM ET
You'd think people would avoid a company that's losing money and reporting massive declines in revenue like the plague. But Research in Motion (RIMM), maker of the not as popular as it used to be BlackBerry smartphone, surged nearly 13% Friday morning even though RIM posted a big quarterly loss and more than 30% drop in sales.
The reason? Like MOREPaul R. La Monica - Sep 28, 2012 2:03 PM ET
Research in Motion (RIMM) really can't catch a break. The troubled (to put it mildly) maker of the BlackBerry brand of phones/e-mail devices has been struggling due to brutal competition from the likes of Apple (AAPL) and the army of companies in the Google MOREPaul R. La Monica - Sep 21, 2012 12:45 PM ET
I'm going to call all James Carville on you. Because nobody in the media ever does that. Snicker snicker. Google's (GOOG) acquisition of Motorola Mobility can be summed up thusly: It's the patents, stupid!
With that in mind, it's not a huge surprise that Google is cutting 4,000 Motorola jobs. Google clearly doesn't need many of the hardware people at the company since Google was more interested in Motorola's intellectual property MOREPaul R. La Monica - Aug 13, 2012 10:05 AM ET
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Paul R. La Monica. Other than Time Warner, the parent of CNNMoney, and Abbott Laboratories, La Monica does not own positions in any individual stocks.
I had dinner with a bunch of friends last night. One MOREPaul R. La Monica - Aug 9, 2012 1:01 PM ET
#StupidStock Move of the Day! $NOK still up about 4% on takeover speculation? Come on. Just don't see $MSFT or Samsung pulling the trigger.
— Paul R. La Monica (@LaMonicaBuzz) June 8, 2012
Welcome to summer Fridays! Nokia (NOK) takeover rumors seem like your classic case of bored trader gossip. Nokia has been struggling for awhile in the mobile phone market. Its new Lumia phones have been fairly well received but it MOREPaul R. La Monica - Jun 8, 2012 3:19 PM ET
Maybe Groupon (GRPN) should have sold to Google (GOOG) for $6 billion back in 2010 after all? Shares plunged again Monday following a nearly 10% drop Friday once the lock-up period for insiders expired. And in another corner of Troubled Techland, Research in Motion (RIMM) shares dropped below $10.
JFinDallas : It blew my mind couple weeks ago when people were bidding up$GRPN fake earnings, now reality setting back MOREPaul R. La Monica - Jun 4, 2012 1:24 PM ET
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