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'Sons of Anarchy': Kim Coates talks Tig's fate
Spoiler alert! If you haven't watched Sons of Anarchy's season 5 finale, stop reading now. One of the big questions was whether fan favorite Tig (Kim Coates) would live or die. In a pre-finale EW.com poll, 21 percent of readers thought Pope (Harold Perrineau) would get his revenge on Tig, the man who killed his daughter (and the man whose daughter Pope burned alive in retaliation in the season premiere), while 28 percent thought Jax (Charlie Hunnam) would find a way to save Tig and 51 percent believed Tig would end up flying to Ireland with Clay (Ron Perlman). And…
The fans with faith in Jax were right. Here, Coates takes us inside Tig's emotional episode. For more on the season finale, read our postmortem interview with creator Kurt Sutter, Ken Tucker's review, and our full recap.
ENTERTAINMENT WEEKLY: Did you have people begging you to tell them Tig's fate?
KIM COATES: Yeah, they've been bugging me all year. My neighbors were all just eyes ablazing whenever I would come home on my bike — does he still have his tats? I literally didn't say anything all season long. Yesterday, I showed up in Vegas for a little affiliate event [an early viewing party]. I stand up in this big room and go, "I want to thank you for inviting me for what could be my last supper," and everybody went, "NOOOOOOOOOOO!" I said, "You're just gonna have to wait and see." It was the best acting job I've ever done in my life.
I think most fans thought Tig would live, just because you can't take Opie (Ryan Hurst) and Tig from us this year. But then again, this is Kurt Sutter.
We knew about Ryan. He's the first big one to go, really. I'm not taking anything away from the tragedy of Johnny Lewis [Half-Sack], or William Lucking [Piney] obviously, but Opie was the Horatio of the piece, everyone thought he'd be there 'til the bitter end. So that was a shocker. I also think the audience had a pretty hard time saying goodbye to Opie, and I can't imagine what it would have been like to say goodbye to Tig as well — it would have been a pretty drastic season. I knew that Sutter would give me a heads-up if it was Tig's time to go. As the season went on, I just never got that call. I knew that there would be a bit of a bookend with Pope at the end of the year — not knowing which way it would go. When I looked up at Pope and said, "I'm gonna cut your head off" [in the season premiere], I had kinda hoped that that's the way it would go. And Charlie, being the lead of the show with Katey [Sagal] and Ron, he knows what's going on. Because he's got so much to deal with, Kurt would give him a heads-up three or four shows down the line. When Charlie heard about the last episode, probably when we were shooting 510, he pulled me aside and said, "Wow. Just get ready, brother. Just get ready." I didn't want to know too much because I wanted to keep playing those beats.
Did it go down the way you envisioned?
I don't think anyone could have predicted the way it went down. Sutter's just such an amazing storyteller. It's just so out there, and so many beats that you don't see coming. Do you remember at the end of season 3, when we kill Stahl, we kill Jimmy, and we're in that paddy wagon, and we're going to prison and we start giggling like little schoolgirls because we were all in on it? We'd been in the Teller-Morrow parking lot calling Jax a rat, spitting on him. That was really good acting by the club. So for Tig to not know that Jax had something up his sleeve, I really had to play those beats so beautifully, honestly pained-out and hateful and hurt — that was a great bookend to Tig's emotional year for me. I'm glad Tig didn't know. And I'm glad Jax had something up his sleeve, because let me tell you something, when Charlie pulled that gun out and started shooting all those bodyguards, everyone watching [at that affiliate event Monday] was screaming. I mean, I literally saw that episode with 100 people last night, and I've never seen anything like it. It was like being at a football game. They were commenting, and yelling, and crying, and then super silent. When I was getting led off and spitting in Charlie's face, everybody kept turning around looking at me, like, Ohmygod. And then when that gun came out and Charlie popped that first bodyguard, I'm not kidding, 100 people were screaming, "Yeah! Yeah!" And then me putting the bullets into Pope — everyone was hoarse. They went crazy. Are people like that when they watch this show in front of their television?
I had to pause and grab a pillow to hold when Jax turned on Tig. And then when Jax started shooting the bodyguards, I began stomping the floor, pumping my first, and chanting his name. So, yes.
[Laughs] I love it.
Was spitting at Jax scripted?
Tell me about filming that final moment with Pope.
Harold and I never said anything to each other all season [on the set]. Not one thing. That was my doing, I'm sure it was partly his, too. I wanted nothing to do with him, he wanted nothing to do with me. And after I put two holes in him, we both hugged each other. He said, "I'm the biggest fan of yours," and I go, "No, I'm the biggest fan of yours." I told him about [loving him in Baz Luhrmann's] Romeo + Juliet, he told me about a movie he saw me in. It was like we were buddies from high school, because the acting job was now over. The venomous looks and the hate that we had for each other as these two pained fathers could finally just be exorcised and not talked about, and I could talk to Harold and Harold could talk to Kim. It was a really nice moment for both of us.
Was the way you flinched when Jax put his hand on Tig's shoulder afterward scripted?
No. In fact, that was Charlie's idea. I'm so proud of that kid. Obviously, I had a lot of stuff going on in that scene, but he said, "You know, Coatesy, I don't know how you feel, but when I put my hand on your shoulder, I think you should almost punch me in the face." I did it different ways, and Kurt picked the one that he liked the most, where it just shocks me. Like, Now what?…. You know the irony in all us, seriously, is that Tig's that guy you hate to love and love to hate, but I think I'm one of the good guys now. I mean, I'm telling Jax not to put that needle in Wendy. I'm lookin' at Clay's gun, I'm about to frame my ex-buddy, and I'm breakin' down. The love for that dog and saving it. I'm one of the good guys now. Jax is turning into Clay. Gemma is sending Clay to prison and he might die. I mean, holy crap, what the hell's goin' on? [Shouts] WHAT'S GOIN' ON?
Tig and that dog got the only happy ending.
It's true, isn't it? Her name is Bonnie. I was the only guy who got to feed Bonnie, so Bonnie obviously loved me right away. She really clung to me. All Sutter said was, "This is it. After your daughter and Pope, Tig needs this friend. It's unconditional love right now." That's the way it was played, man. She was a joy to be around. I love animals. I've got two dogs myself, so it's pretty easy for me.
That dogfight was one of the toughest things to watch all season. I had to mute it.
That's how amazing these trainers are: That was actually Bonnie's brother, and I think his name was Clyde. Obviously, these animals never get hurt. Safety first. But the trainers were able to entice this brother and sister to play roughly, and not only roughly, but that Clyde was coming out on top, which is what they wanted. And then they jerked the camera around, so it was fast-moving, and of course, the foley, the sound. It didn't sound like that at all [filming it] — it was super quiet. But when they add the biting snarls and the growl, it was very, very hard to watch on TV.
We did a pre-finale poll, and about half of readers expected Tig to fly to Ireland with Clay. Do you think Tig ever would have done that, if it had been a real option in this episode?
That's a good question. You have to hark back to when Tig said to Jax, "I will do anything for you, I will vote anything, I will be on your team" because Jax saved my life in prison by not giving me up to Pope. So, I don't know if I would have got on the plane or not. But I do know that Sutter's got a bunch of things up his sleeve to end this incredible run of a series in 26 shows. Get ready. It's just gonna go so fast. I might be on a plane to Barbados for all I know. I have no idea.
Has he actually said anything to you about season 6?
Yes, he has. "Absolutely nothing." [Laughs] I will say this though, in my opinion, Jax turned into such a young Clay, such a prick at the end. And Gemma's just — whoa, are you kidding me? And Tara's gonna go to jail, Clay's goin' to jail. I'm left with a dog. Bobby's rippin' the VP patch off. Chibs, who's backed Jax's every move, he's gotta be upset about everything. Juice, well, you know, if he cries one more time, I'm gonna punch him in the face.
Theo Rossi crying destroys me.
I know, right? It's just hard to watch because he does it so well, for chrissake. So you know what, again, everything is in disarray, and I think Sutter needs to pull things back a little bit, in my opinion, to get ready for that final season. Because that's when everything is gonna be tied up in a nice little bow and we're all gonna be dead, I don't know. I mean, what the hell's gonna happen? Jesus. I mean, come on, girlfriend, what the hell?
[Laughs] Well, I have this whole theory that it was actually Lee Toric and Lincoln Potter, not Gemma, who got Tara arrested to see if she'd turn on the club to save herself, which I won't get into here. [Coates laughs.] But for now, let's assume it was Gemma. We end season 5 hating her almost as much as we hated Clay at the end of season 4 — which I love.
Because you can't wait to see where it goes.
Exactly. As you said after the season premiere, Kurt's not pulling punches. Everyone is f—ed.
The show is so draconian — Shakespeare, Greek tragedy — that I'm just a really blessed actor to be given some of this heavy emotional stuff that Sutter trusts me with. I love playing Tig, but I do understand that the show's metaphorically Hamlet, it is what it is, and everyone's gonna start to die now, I'm sure, in the next two seasons. I mean this: I don't care if I'm dead in the third episode next year, or it's my big nose in the final episode, final scene — I've had a great run with this guy. If I'm there 'til the end, then I'm gonna be there 'til the end. And if I'm gone, I'm gone. Because I can't wait for what's next.
Read more:
Episode Recaps
Sons of Anarchy
Kurt Sutter's original series, starring Charlie Hunnam, Ron Perlman, and Katey Sagal.
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« Senate Education Committee to Consider EpiPen Bill, Department Nominations | Main | What's the Fate of Competitive K-12 Grant Programs Beyond Obama? »
Ed. Dept.: Calif. Could Lose At Least $15 Million in Federal Funds Over Testing
Ever since California approved a bill to suspend much of its accountability testing for one year, everyone has been wondering if the feds would punish the Golden State for straying far from the accountability requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act, which call for states to test students in grades 3 through 8 and once in high school and use the results to make key school improvement decisions.
And now, we have our answer. California could lose at least $15 million in federal Title I administrative fund in its clash with the U.S. Department of Education over what tests to give. That's according to a letter sent Monday to Michael Kirst, the state board president, and Tom Torlakson, the superintendent of public instruction, from Deborah Delisle, the department's assistant secretary for elementary and secondary education. The state could also lose additional Title I funds, equal to the amount it spent on state assessments last year. And it risks other federal funds for special populations and turnaround schools, that could add up to a whopping $3.5 billion, according to this story.
The department's main beef with California: Under the state's plan, not all students would take assessments in both reading and math. That means that schools would not have performance data for all students in the NCLB testing grades.
Serious sanctions: In addition to losing Title I funds, the state may also be slapped with a "high-risk grantee" label, making it tougher for California to snag any sort of federal competitive grant—or flexibility, including a waiver from the requirements of the NCLB law. (California is one of just eight states that hasn't yet secured the flexibility, although 10 of its districts—through the California Office to Reform Education, or CORE—have been granted their own, specialized waiver.)
Potentially even worse: The state risks the loss of some big pots of money that rely on state assessments. That includes dollars aimed at low-performing schools (the School Improvement Grants or SIG), Title III dollars (aimed at educating English-language learners), and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (special education money).
Some quick background: Earlier this year, California decided to ditch most of its longtime testing program, called STAR, for Standardized Testing and Reporting, in the spring of 2014. Instead, the state has opted to go with field tests in math and English/language arts that are being developed by one of the two consortia writing tests to align with the Common Core State Standards (in this case, the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium). But since those tests aren't completely ready for use—the field test is actually a step in their development—the results would not be used for accountability. Much more in this great story by my colleague Catherine Gewertz.
So what do the CORE districts, which have already been working closely with the department on their one-of-a-kind waiver, think of the warning? They're supportive, according to a statement from Mike Hanson, the president of the CORE board and superintendent of Fresno Unified School District. "We urge the state to provide the resources so all students can take both the English/language arts and mathematics tests this school year," he wrote.
UPDATE: What do Kirst and Torlakson make of their letter? Here's their joint statement: "California is moving forward now with modern standards and assessments because we want all children—no matter where they come from or where they live—to graduate ready for college and careers. To the extent there is disagreement with the federal government, there is a process for addressing it, and we'll continue to work with officials in Washington. Federal officials have never before taken money out of classrooms, and we would hope and expect that they would not start now."
The letter was first reported by EdSource. Read the story here.

subset: commoncrawl


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Animal Planet began airing episodes of "North Woods Law" in 2012, and the TV show that focuses on the Maine Warden Service has been a hit with Mainers and people "from away" alike.
Though most of the folks I've talked with about the show enjoy watching it, there have been a few complaints. The farther north a person lives (or grew up), the more apt you are to hear them point out that the term "North Woods" means something special to them … and watching wardens chase bears in Portland doesn't come close to illuminating life in that special place.
Drive a couple hundred miles north of the state's largest city, and you're getting closer. Head another hundred above that, and you might be onto something.
Well, it seems the people who produce "North Woods Law" have been listening … and they want to hear more.
Last week Engel Entertainment posted a query on the "North Woods Law" Facebook page that might be of interest.
Here's what they said:
"What are the most unique people, places, and activities in the Pine Tree State that you have yet to see on North Woods Law?! Inbox us on Facebook, or write to firstname.lastname@example.com with your fun Maine suggestions, and if you're lucky, hey, you just might see it on the show!"
Engel Entertainment has already gotten an earful, as more than 200 people have responded to that Facebook post as of Thursday.
Among the suggestions: Go to Kokadjo. Go to Allagash. Go to the St. John Valley. Go anywhere north of Bangor.
If you've got an opinion, share it with them. Who knows? Your favorite Maine place might end up on a future episode.


text: Sweet looking! How much for it? Not yours I can tell but at the store. Looks fun. I had a bushmaster arm in the 80's but it would only run with colt 20 rd mags.used to take flash suppressor off on overcast days to see the fireball! Shooting a frozen over pond was fun too watching chunks of ice flying. 30 years ago.


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Meyer Lemon Cake
We still have lemons. Many lemons. Apparently we have one of the most productive ever-bearing Meyer lemon trees on the planet. And it is now flowering again…and being pollinated and will therefore be producing more fruit in the near future. So my hunt continues for interesting and creative ways to juice, squeeze, preserve, cook with and bake with Meyer lemons. Thoughts, recipes, ideas are welcome! I found a recipe for this Meyer Lemon Cake in this book.
It is worth the time and many steps involved in making this cake…and I think that it might end up being a very simple cake to make…if I made it all the time. Chez Panisse Cooking may not look like a very exciting cookbook with it's lack of drool-inducing photographs of each recipe and ingredient…but the value of it's actual substance – food philosophy, recipes, techniques and insight into Alice Waters – is huge. I highly recommend all of the Chez Panisse series. The illustrations are even worthy of frames hung on a wall. (See below for full recipe.)
First, start with Meyer lemons, zest them, and juice them. The recipe calls for approximately 8 lemons. I must have some really juicy lemons, because I only juiced 3.5 lemons and had more than enough juice for the cake.
Eggs are separated and whites are whisked until you have stiff, but not dry, peaks. Copper bowl is not required…just fun to use if you have one. I had to ask Woody if I could use his – as it was a Christmas gift after a very long and extensive search for a true copper round bottom bowl that wouldn't break the bank – he's always wanted one. Permission was granted.
Eggs, lemon juice, sugar – beaten and frothy.
Sugary, lofty egg whites.
Flour added to egg yolk and sugar mixture.
I know you were dying to see the inside of my oven…so here it is! I used a mini-bundt pan and a regular sized bread loaf pan – the proportions look very strange in the photo above if you weren't aware of the mini-bundt.
Pulling them out of the oven and unmolding them revealed a delicious and perfectly toasty golden color to the cake.
This was perhaps the 4th or 5th glazing…all of it pooled on top would sink right into the cake and it would once again look as if it had just been taken out of the pan. Don't let your glaze cool too much, otherwise it won't be viscous enough to soak in.
Also, you should poke more holes than you think you should. Poke the skewer in 8-10 times and then poke it again and again and again!
I had plans to candy the thyme…but funny enough, I ran out of time. HA!
Meyer Lemon Cake
from Chez Panisse Cooking
for the cake:
8 tablespoons unsalted butter
4 large eggs, separated
1 1/4 cups sugar
2/3 cups buttermilk
1/3 cup Meyer lemon juice
1 tablespoon Meyer lemon zest
2 cups cake flour
1 1/4 teaspoons baking powder
1/4 teaspoon salt
for the glaze:
1/3 cup Meyer lemon juice
1 2/3 cups confectioners sugar
Preheat the oven to 325 degrees.
Melt butter in a saucepan, set aside to cool. In a mixing bowl, beat together the egg yolks with 1 cup of sugar, until thick and light in color. Beat in the buttermilk, lemon juice, and zest. Sift together the cake flour, baking powder, and salt. Beat the egg whites until soft peaks are formed. Add the remaining quarter cup of sugar, then continue beating until stiff peaks are formed.
Alternately fold half of the flour into the egg yolk mixture, followed by half of the egg whites. Fold carefully as not to deflate the batter. Repeat with remaining portions. Take approximately 1 cup of batter and stir into the melted butter. Gently fold the butter mixture into the cake batter. Pour into a buttered, and floured, 9-inch cake pan, springform pan, bundt cake pan, bread loaf pan – really any pan will do. Bake for 50-60 minutes – this time varies depending on the type of pan you use. Always test the cake for doneness with a toothpick or skewer. No one likes a dry cake.
While the cake is baking, make the glaze. Combine the lemon juice and confectioners sugar. Heat in a saucepan just until sugar is melted. Set aside until cake is done. I found that the volume of glaze was more than I needed, but I am also a little hesitant about soggy cake. I probably could have used more. It's delicious stuff!
When the cake is done baking, cool for 5 minutes in pan. Turn the cake out on a cooling rack, and invert. With a long toothpick or skewer, poke the top of the cake making small holes. Slowly spoon on the glaze. Wait for the glaze to sink in, then add more. Repeat process until all of the glaze is used. Cool cake completely, and enjoy!
For an extra ooommph at the time of plating – drizzle the glaze over each slice and top with a dollop of freshly whipped cream.
giselle #
How about:
Lemon Curd
Lemon-infused honey
Candied Lemon peel
Or, you can also ship some out our way!!April 27, 2010
anabela pereira #
Gorgeous 😉May 24, 2010
Oh to have such a problem as too many meyer lemons. Ship the extras my way. While you're at it, I'd love some of that luscious cake.May 24, 2010
HannahL #
Have you considered making a big jar of preserved lemons? I love using them and they look pretty too.June 1, 2010
THIS looks crazily beautiful. I want a slice now! I don't have 8 lemons. I'm gonna cry.November 11, 2010
Thnx for writing this resource within your site.March 22, 2013


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DWTS Carrie Anne Inaba: "Hard work is key to success, failing is key to success"
Carrie Anne Inaba seems to be everywhere this summer. Not only has the Dancing With The Stars judge been doing a lot of rescue work for cats and appearing on LIVE! With Kelly, recently she attended and spoke at a "Coalition of Asian Pacifics in Entertainment (CAPE)" event which is an organization "that focuses on advancing diversity and improving the images of Asians in entertainment and media." Below is some advise Carrie Anne shared at the event in trying to accomplish just that. Wise words for anyone trying to make it in the entertainment business….
"The biggest advice I have is to know yourself, your best parts, be proud of it, and showcase it," said Inaba.
Inaba also notes that it's important to live fearlessly and break boundaries. As a dancer in "Madonna: The Girlie Show," she shaved her head, slid down a pole, and submerged herself in the performance as much as possible. She's come out as a stronger performer as a result.
"In life, be fearless. Fearless is about having fears, but still going forward," said Inaba, who also had a fear of public speaking but now puts her public speaking skills to work on "Dancing with the Stars."
For Asian Americans who are aspiring to be actors and actresses, Inaba recommends not limiting yourself to certain parts but pushing to get into a wide range of roles.
"Hard work is key to success, failing is key to success, you can't succeed without failing," said Inaba. "Do your research, don't be lazy, don't be afraid—we're strong people."
You can read more and see a picture of Carrie Anne at Mochi Magazine


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Gods and Generals: A Novel of the Civil War (Civil War Trilogy #1)
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- Synopsis
- Bring back the pleasure of reading, readJeff Shaarain Large Print. All Random House Large Print Editions are published in a 16-point typeface. The story ofGods and Generalsbegins with Michael Shaara, author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning classicThe Killer Angels. A native of New Jersey, Michael Shaara grew to be an adventurous young man: over the years, he found work as a sailor, a paratrooper, a policeman, and an English professor at Florida State University. In 1952, his son Jeff was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Michael's interest in Gettysburg was prompted by some letters written by his great-grandfather, who had been wounded at the great battle while serving with the 4th Georgia Infantry. In 1966, he took his family on a vacation to the battlefield and found himself moved. In 1970, Michael Shaara returned to Gettysburg with his son Jeff. The pair crisscrossed the historic site, gathering detailed information for the father's novel-in-progress. In 1974, the novel was published with the titleThe Killer Angels. This gripping fictional account of the three bloody days at Gettysburg won Michael Shaara a Pulitzer Prize and a vast, appreciative audience. To date it has sold two million copies. When Michael Shaara died in 1988, his son Jeff began to manage his literary estate. It was a legacy he knew well, having helped his father create it. When director Ron Maxwell filmed the movieGettysburg, based onThe Killer Angels, he asked Jeff to serve as a consultant. Maxwell encouraged Shaara to continue the story his father began; inspired, Jeff planned an ambitious trilogy, withThe Killer Angelsas the centerpiece, following the war from its origins to its end. WithGods and Generals, Jeff Shaara gives fans ofThe Killer Angelseverything they could have asked--an epic, brilliantly written saga that brings the nation's greatest conflict to life.
- Copyright:
- 1952
Book Details
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- Publisher Quality
- 9780345438492
- Related ISBNs:
- 9780345409577
- Publisher:
- Ballantine Group
- Date of Addition:
- 06/18/19
- Copyrighted By:
- Jeff Shaara
- Adult content:
- No
- Language:
- English
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- No
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- History, Military, Nonfiction, Literature and Fiction
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- Bookshare Staff
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How Foreclosure Will Impact You
Across the country, people are still losing their homes to foreclosure every day. The banks are taking houses and leaving hard-working people with nothing to show for it. If you are behind on your mortgage, you don't have to let the fear of foreclosure ruin you. There are alternatives! In our latest post, we explore … Continued


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Hard Anodize Chipping/Corroding
Question: We are a small manufacturer of food processing equipment.
We are a small manufacturer of food processing equipment. All of our aluminum food contact parts are hard anodized. The 6061-T6 alloy is anodized to MIL- A-8625, Type III, Class 1 to 2.0 mils (0.002 inch) thickness. After 3 to 4 years in service, the edges of the mixing blades are showing severe pitting or erosion. Our customer is mixing various muffin batters in the machine and is concerned that metal is flaking off into the muffins. We believe that the mixing blades should give 10 or more years of service without exhibiting any pitting. Do we need to change alloys or anodizing processes or both? I have attached some pictures of this problem with my e-mail so you can see a typical example. G.H.
Upon reviewing the pictures it appears that the pitting or "erosion" is occurring in areas that have relatively sharp corners. At a sharp corner (perhaps less than 0.062-inch radius) there will be little, if any, anodic coating. This is because the coating builds perpendicularly to the aluminum substrate. At a sharp corner there is, theoretically, no substrate to build on. Imagine a sharp right angle with coating building perpendicular to each surface. At a very small area along the corner there is virtually no anodic coating thickness. This area is vulnerable to corrosion from the product. The corrosion also undermines the adjacent coating, and you get the "progressive erosion" seen in the pictures. If you put a small radius on the edges of your part, the anodic coating will build uniformly around the corner and will most likely give the corrosion resistance you need. Of course, the larger the radius, the better the coating integrity. If a 0.062-inch radius can be used that should be sufficient.
I also see some general corrosion of the parts. Sealing after anodizing might help this situation, but the gain in corrosion resistance would come at a loss of up to approximately 30% in the coating hardness. Since the coating is so hard, the amount of hardness loss may not affect the useful quality of the coating in your application. Perhaps it would be a good tradeoff that would enhance the overall quality of your equipment. Sealing in boiling deionized water or in a so-called "mid-temp" proprietary nickel acetate bath would give good corrosion resistance.
Related Topics
Aluminum Anodizing
Types of anodizing, processes, equipment selection and tank construction.
Anodizing for Bonding Applications in Aerospace
Anodizing for pre-prep bonding bridges the gap between the metallic and composite worlds, as it provides a superior surface in many applications on aluminum components for bonding to these composites.
Aluminum Surface Finishing Corrosion Causes and Troubleshooting
In this paper, a review of several process solutions, examining coolants, solvent cleaning, alkaline clean/etch and deoxidizing/desmutting, listing intended and unintended chemical reactions along with possible mechanisms that would favor corrosion formation.


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The Liebieghaus in Frankfurt, situated in idyllic surroundings close to the banks of the river Main, is home to a sculpture collection of the highest quality.
The collection provides an overview of 5,000 years of sculpture, from ancient Egypt through to classicism. It brings together works from the ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman civilisations as well as the Middle Ages. With more than 3,000 exhibits and a display that was completely redesigned in 2008, the formerly private Liebieg Villa is regarded as one of the world's leading sculpture museums.
Opening times:
Tuesday & Friday-Sunday 10am-6pm, Wednesday & Thursday 10am-9pm
두 가지 유용한 조합(브라우저 확대/축소):
확대: +
축소: +
다음 아이콘을 클릭하여 브라우저 공급자에서 기타 도움말을 받으십시오:


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Many of you are pretty much aware of the fact, that you should never judge the performance / load times of your site testing from the Local LAN. This is actually pretty common knowledge, as the results may be skewed due to the fact, that your LAN is often connected via a big pipe to the site you are working on.
But, there is actually more to it. The results might be be skewed in the opposite direction as well, and here I would like to point out, what reasons there might be. And also, why you should care anyway, even though that you already know, that testing from your LAN is not recommended.
So let's answer the second question first. I am responsible for the second time in my career for a rather large portal. And the second time, it was much slower form the local LAN compared to what normal customers see. The reason we did and do care is simply the reason of doubt of our INTERNAL customers. Being in a tech department, our internal customers are Marketing and Customer Services. And these employees (as the rest of our company. Like the CEO for example) of course might (and some indeed are) thinking: "WTF, they are celebrating how fast our portal is, and even though I am almost directly connected to it, it is f*king slow!"
There are times, when you have luck, and they confront you with that. And then you might have some good WPT.org Videos under your belt, "proving" that the customer experience is much better. But I can assure you, doubts will remain ("They came back with some lame techie excuses"). And sometimes they don't confront you with that. So you don't even have the chance to defend yourself. We just had that recently, when we had a relaunch of our Portal, announcing big performance improvements, and we got some pretty harsh responses by our colleagues. So this is the reason you maybe SHOULD care about it, that it is at least not SLOWER than customers perception.
After we covered now the motivation, let's have a look now at the root causes:
Debugging this was difficult, as workstations in the LAN a) rarely do have admin priviliges so some of your tools might be difficult to get running and b) are under the protection of data privacy laws, so tools like Wireshark might be forbidden. In our case most of the analysis was done using Fiddler.
Things we found, sorted by priority:
- Internet Explorer: This thing actually has a couple of issues. In my company IE8 is the mandatory Browser, and it is directed to a corporate proxy. The impact on performance is massive:
– IE 6 to IE 8 is limiting the amount of TCP Connections when connecting through a proxy down to 2! As we shard our Portal across three domains, this means for IE 8 a difference of 18 vs. 2 connections.
– IE 6 to IE 8 is by default downgrading from HTTP 1.1 to HTTP 1.0 when connecting through a Proxy! This is massive. You won't have persistent connections, which is extremely painful with SSL (which is the case with our Portal), but you also lose the ability to use your carefully crafted Cache-Control Headers!The first issue can be solved via some Registry Key, the second one is a Browser Setting. Especially regarding the persistent connection be aware that you have to check the whole chain (Browser, Proxy, Webserver), that none of them is configured to downgrade to HTTP 1.0! Eric Law from Microsoft has written for example an excellent Blogpost on that.
- Security: Within our LAN we actually have two kind of proxies. One for unknown domains, and one for "known secure" domains. Which means some kind of white list. Of course our portal is on it 🙂 The proxy for unknown domains checks each and every object for Viruses. Now when we introduced with our relaunch of the portal 2 sharded domains, we forgot to put them on the white list. Resulting in all objects fetched from the sharded domains (~90%) went through a time consuming Virus scan!
- DNS: As we found out, in our corporate setup one device in front of our local DNS Servers was configured to drop traffic on TCP Port 53. Unfortunately the workstations in our LAN were trying to resolve our Portal domains using TCP first, and only after a time out, fell back to using UDP. So we had a nice lag in Time-to-Render right at the beginning. This behaviour has been in the past apparantly so common, that they published an RFC to halt people from thinking, UDP Port 53 is enough to support the DNS System.
So… well, we fixed the issues, and now they (our colleagues and the CEO) lived happily ever after. Testing, though, we still don't do from our local LAN 🙂
A big "Thanks" go out to Diemo S., Lars W. and Holger T. who actually DID the research and the fixes that I was just blogging about 🙂


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PEORIA — A judge dismissed a lawsuit filed by a man who spent 13 years in prison before DNA evidence cleared him in the murder of his girlfriend.
Alan Beaman was convicted of the 1993 strangulation death of Illinois State University student Jennifer Lockmiller. He was freed in 2008 and DNA evidence pointed to two previously unknown potential suspects.
In 2010, Beaman sued former McLean County prosecutors and former and current police officers in Normal, where Lockmiller was found dead. He claimed former prosecutors and police conspired to wrongfully accuse him. Some defendants had already been dropped from the suit.
The (Bloomington) Pantagraph reports (http://bit.ly/1bUIjV7 ) a U.S. District Court judge granted a motion for dismissal last week by lawyers for two former Normal officers, one current officer and the town of Normal.
Information from: The Pantagraph, http://www.pantagraph.com


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Getting in the New EPG: Every Media Company Must Master the Science of Programming
It's a stark contrast from the glory days, where distribution was fixed and scarce, and all we had to do was put a great product out there. At the time, all content had found its own native distribution outlet — a channel on the dial, a spot on the newsstand, a movie theater, video store — that delivered it to the bulk of its audience. That distribution was beautifully limited — there's only room for 12 channels on the old VHF dial, 16 movies at a multiplex and maybe several thousand titles at video rental stores.
But today, distribution and consumption are in constant flux. Look at TV. To be truly "Everywhere" these days, a TV show has to be on network, cable, YouTube, Netflix, Hulu, iTunes, Facebook and Amazon, have its own native app in Apple and Android stores — at a minimum — and a presence in Google's mighty search index.
To succeed today, digital media companies need to get control of their distribution. The opportunity for savvy media companies is to abandon the outdated if-we-build-it-they-will-come mentality, and master the craft and science of programming.
Programming is the skill of matching content to audience. Programming is what built the global TV and film industry from $200 billion to $300 billion in the last decade. If you want to succeed in digital media going forward, programming is everything.
I spent time recently with a friend from CBS and told him about what my company Wetpaint does to program social as a channel: In short, we deterministically deliver the right content to each audience at the right time. That might mean, for example, a recap of yesterday's news timed for the morning bus ride, a short-form video clip posted to coincide with a mid-morning coffee break, a gossipy tidbit just as lunch begins. "That may work in entertainment," he said. "But it would never work in breaking news. In news, everything needs to go out immediately."
So I did some research, and it turns out he's wrong. When you look at what our editors consider breaking news within the entertainment category, the vast majority of stories — more than 75 percent — perform better when they're packaged and presented at another time of day, and not when they first break.
While immediacy became the mandate in the ages of CNN and Google, smart programming is far superior in an age of multiple distribution outlets.
The expertise of digital programming is in its infancy, but some of the secrets for success have emerged. Here are a few:
- You don't have one big audience.
Digital media companies need to know who their audience is and what they like, and then customize their product and pitch accordingly. But convention on the Web has been to serve everyone the same thing — and the folly of that is a massive missed opportunity. Instead, understand your value to all your major audience segments. After all, each person you reach thinks of herself as an audience of one. Meet her where she's at, and you'll find your resonance — and performance — will be much greater.
For decades, the National Football League operated on the basic assumption that football is for guys. That conventional wisdom was upended in 2010 when research by the NFL and Nielsen found that more than 40 percent of the league's fans were women. (It's upward of 44 percent now.) Of course, football fans (both male and female), segment along many lines — and NFL marketers will have to find ways to speak to, sell to and grow all those demographics. But acknowledging women was a huge and lucrative step to grow the league's opportunity massively.
- Learn what will resonate. (Hint: In the battle for consumer hearts and minds, heart wins every time.)
Once you know who your customers really are and can group them by their common interests, the world opens up. You have the freedom to design new content and experiences to delight them. It doesn't have to be one-size-fits-all any longer; your brand doesn't have to be watered down to its most basic and neutral. Many brands and publishers struggle for relevance — but once you articulate who your audiences are and understand what they're interested in, the door is open to all kinds of new conversations. Research, feedback and analytics can all help you become expert in each of your audience segments. Then use those insights to grow your brand.
Sticking with the NFL as an example, when the league learned about its popularity with women, it took that finding and ran with it, introducing a new website, ad campaign and product lines — all aimed at the now 80 million women who tune into NFL games each weekend. Female fans rewarded the new attention by dropping millions on NFL apparel, jewelry, nail polish, yoga mats, etc. The league went further and partnered with the American Cancer Society to raise awareness about breast cancer, which explains all the pink flourishes (gloves, socks, wristbands, etc.) on the field and the sidelines these days. This overdue — and heartfelt — outreach strengthened the bond between the NFL and its huge female fan base. The league's bottom line smiled. In 2012, NFL fans spent $3.2 billion on consumer products.
- Timing is everything.
Of course, the most basic element of the art of content programming, one that has been mastered by the TV networks, is knowing what performs when. Prime-time shows don't work in the mornings, and re-runs would squander the huge opportunity of evening viewing. There's a time for opinion and a slot for hard news, and reversing them tanks performance and tunes out audiences.
But on the Web, well, somehow the only rule of thumb our industry seems to know is "the best time to post is now." And that's preposterous.
In terms of social, the state of the art sounds better, at least at first: There are lots of generalizations out there about when to post content: Mornings are better than evenings, Facebook sharing spikes on weekends, tweeting peaks on Fridays. Well, that's all great in theory, since it documents average behavior of average audiences. But the point isn't to get it right for someone else's average consumer. Whether we're talking about work or play, we all develop our own individual routines and habits. Discovering the personal quirks of your particular audience is a goldmine for programmers.
How powerful is it? Several years ago, a U.K. content agency called Collective Content was helping a small management firm develop its programming strategy. Traffic to the client's website waned on weekends. Nothing surprising there. But Collective Content began to notice an uptick in Sunday visits. "Sunday evenings had become the new Monday morning," wrote Collective Content founder Tony Hallett. "Execs and other managers were getting a jump on the working week. This was a great time to feed their need for information."
At Wetpaint, we try to time content delivery to the distinct habits of our audiences, which vary from show to show. The very young (13-24) "Pretty Little Liars" audience likes a fast-paced, high volume content diet, so we serve them fresh stuff all day long. Older (55 percent are over 24) "Grey's Anatomy" fans catch up on new content in the evening, just before they get into TV-viewing mode. So we freshen our "Grey's Anatomy" pages late in the day. If you program according to someone else's guidelines, all your best shots will miss your target. Instead, know your audience and you will hit the mark.
- Like it or not, people judge books by their covers. Design your packaging to resonate.
In pre-digital days, content packaging discussions went like this: How long is the story? Do we need photos or illustrations? Today, fuhgeddaboutit. Digital editors have lots more arrows in the quiver. They can trot out old packaging chestnuts like long-form profiles or Q&As, or they can present content in slideshows, video, audio, polls, quizzes, clickable infographics, Spotify playlists, etc. The packaging options just keep growing — and so does the menu of social media megaphones you can use to trumpet the final product.
Working all those levers in a way that engages your audience and exploits the strengths of each packaging and delivery option is an art and a science. BuzzFeed is one of its master practitioners. In its self-proclaimed rules for "How to Go Viral" (an infographic, of course), Buzzfeed recommends making lists ("9 out of ten Internet lists go viral"), using quizzes to appeal to user vanity ("People online love talking about themselves") and staying relevant. We won't quibble with the BuzzFeed rulebook. But in our own experience, packaging — like timing and just about everything else — is audience-specific. Fans of "Vampire Diaries" like to vote, for example; so we give them polls. And it works — to the tune of thousands of Facebook ballots click-cast for star Nina Dobrev in our sexiest legs poll.
- Test, test, test, for insights you can use.
If you follow my Digital Quarters blog and Media Success newsletter you know I'm a nut for data. I firmly believe that the only way you can truly know your audience in all its wondrous eccentricity is to embrace testing with a gusto that borders on obsession. (Yes, I am seeing somebody about this.) Every shred of content you produce, from the glossy video to the tiniest tweet, is an opportunity to learn something about the consumers who visit your site. Don't waste it.
As you generate (via surveys, focus groups or, our favorite, A/B testing) and then sift through the mounds of data, trends will unfailingly emerge. These insights into user preferences help drive programming decisions at Wetpaint.
Testing tells us that our "Bachelor" and "Bachelorette" fans revel in relationship gossip. Stories about dating, cheating, break-ups, pregnancy rumors, etc., perform four times better than episode-related news like recaps or sneak peeks. But within that relationship news subcategory, the two audiences diverge: Bachelorette watchers are scandalmongers. Bachelor fans are sentimentalists. We tailor our content accordingly. Testing has also made us smarter about social media. Facebook posts with photos work best when we're promoting content for scripted ("Grey's Anatomy") or reality ("Bachelor") shows. For breaking news, text-only posts do just fine. If the news is big, words are enough to catch the eye.
- The News Feed is the new EPG, and you must be present to win.
The greatest opportunity of all in digital media is the chance to be relevant to your audience — not once a day, not on an appointment basis once a week, but minute by minute. To do that means being where your users are at all hours of the day — with exactly the right content at the ready. For consumers, it would be like the "Electronic Program Guide" that we've had on TV for the last 20 years — only it would be completely personalized and constantly refreshed. Quel fantasme, n'est-ce pas?
Lo, there's an app for that — and it's the No.1 app on every smartphone. Yes, Facebook is the new Electronic Program Guide. Consumers check Facebook many times a day — usually just briefly, sometimes longer — to see "what's on" in their lives. In fact, 23 percent of all time spent on smartphones is spent on Facebook mobile apps.
For media companies, the great opportunity here is to cement your relationship with your audience by getting in their network — and then turning up the content they'll enjoy to whatever frequency interests them. Do it right — with great audience targeting, insight, timing, packaging and testing — and you earn a position at the top of the News Feed hour after hour, day after day.
Who understands this well in media? Of late, Yahoo's Marissa Mayer has been talking about building a "daily habit" with consumers. Why not twice a day, or more? That is the power of presence in the feed. And it comes from meeting each member of your audience where she is.
Smart programming is like a good relationship. It requires paying attention, being responsive, trying new things. It's hard work, but the rewards are enduring — a loyal, ongoing relationship with a growing audience. And that surely makes it worth the effort.
This is a guest post by Ben Elowitz (@elowitz). Elowitz is the co-founder and CEO of next-generation media company Wetpaint, and the author of the Digital Quarters blog about the future of digital media. Prior to Wetpaint, Elowitz co-founded Blue Nile.


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Flights of Fancy
By Brian Hayes
How birds (and bird-watchers) compute the behavior of a flock on the wing
How birds (and bird-watchers) compute the behavior of a flock on the wing
A thousand starlings rose in unison from trees along a riverbank. The ascending cloud of birds took the form of a teardrop, then transformed itself into a butterfly, then a twisting vortex narrowing to a sinuous, quivering rope of birds stretched across the twilight sky. The flock had all the synchronized precision of a marching band, but none of the rigid, rank-and-file geometry. Instead the movements were smooth, fluid, organic, as if the flock were a single organism rather than a collection of individuals. The show went on for 10 minutes, then the birds swooped low over my head with a breathy rush of wing beats and returned to the same row of trees—only to rise again moments later for another performance.
The graceful aerial displays of starlings and other flocking birds have long inspired admiration and wonder. Lately they have also inspired serious work in mathematics, computer science, physics and biology. A theoretical framework for explaining the behavior of tightly clustered flocks emerged in the 1980s. The key idea, which came from computer simulations, is that purely local interactions between nearby birds are enough to hold the group together. Similar mechanisms are thought to operate in schools of fish, herds of grazing animals, swarms of insects and even crowds of people.
More recent work builds on this foundation. In particular, an ambitious program of stereoscopic photography and digital image processing has made it possible to reconstruct the positions and velocities of individual birds within large flocks. The new data suggest some refinements to the algorithms that are thought to govern the birds' movements. The three-dimensional reconstructions have also brought some surprises about the overall shape and structure of the flocks, and show that the birds' movements are even more delicately coordinated than casual observation would suggest.
For early students of bird flocks, the most pressing questions had to do with decision making and communication. When hundreds of birds all take to the air at the same instant, how do they synchronize their liftoff? When the flock suddenly veers left or right, who decides which way to turn?
Human experience suggests one solution: Appoint a leader—a conductor, a choreographer, a dictator. Leadership might be the social role of a specific individual. (Tennyson wrote of "the many-winter'd crow" that leads its flock home.) Or leadership might shift from moment to moment, as a flock on the wing follows whichever bird is currently at the front of the formation.
The trouble is, biologists have found no clear evidence of either kind of leadership in flocks, and the whole idea has some deep conceptual difficulties. How do cues from the leader reach the rest of the birds? In large and dense groups, both sight and sound would be unreliable. And there's another issue: A flock attacked by a falcon responds instantly with evasive maneuvers; it's implausible that the threatened birds await instructions from a leader.
A more democratic vision of flock governance was proposed early in the 20th century by Edmund Selous, an intrepid English bird-watcher who kept careful notes on flocking behavior for more than 30 years. Selous rejected the notion of designated leaders as "well-nigh unthinkable—it is too ridiculous"; his alternative, however, prompts the same kind of dismissive response. Selous found the birds' synchronized movements so uncanny that he could explain them only as a product of "thought-transference" or "simultaneous collective thinking." In other words, the birds are telepathic.
Selous was led to this extraordinary hypothesis from his assumption that flocks make decisions by some form of global consensus. The decision-making protocol is almost as hard to fathom as the spooky communication medium. Does each bird transmit its intention or preference to every other bird? From an algorithmic point of view, this process would be highly demanding: The N members of a flock would have to exchange almost N2 messages. Thus the agility of the flock would depend on N, as larger flocks would necessarily take longer to make up their collective mind.
In retrospect, neither democracy nor dictatorship was a very good point of reference for understanding bird society. Both theories were swept aside dramatically in the 1980s.
The key insight came not from an ornithologist but from an expert on computer graphics and animation. Craig W. Reynolds, now of Sony Computer Entertainment, wrote a program in which simulated birds—he called them "boids"—gave a convincing imitation of flocking behavior. And the boids did it without any need for leaders or thought transference. Each boid attends to a few near neighbors, ignoring the rest of the flock, and obeys three simple rules:
1. Collision avoidance: Try not to run into neighboring boids.
2. Velocity matching: Try to fly at the same speed and in the same direction as neighboring boids.
3. Cohesion: Try to stay close to neighboring boids.
The rules are to be applied in the order given. That is, collision avoidance gets the highest priority; if no collisions are imminent, then the boid adjusts its speed and direction to match the average of its neighbors' velocities; if the velocities are already in good agreement, the boid moves a little closer to its flockmates. (Note that the third imperative is in mild conflict with the other two.)
When I first read about the boid model, I was astonished that it worked. A stable state in which all the boids fly on parallel trajectories seemed like a possible outcome of the rules, but just barely so. A far more likely result, I thought, was a fragmented collection of many small flocks, each roughly the size of a boid neighborhood.
I changed my mind when I saw the boids in action and got a chance to play with implementations of the model. The flocking of boids is not a perfect simulation of bird behavior, but the resemblance is unmistakable. And the flocks are not only stable but robust. If you start the simulation with boids moving randomly, they spontaneously assemble into a flock. If an obstacle causes the flock to split, the factions eventually rejoin.
What accounts for the balletic coordination of a boid flock? Although a boid interacts directly only with its immediate neighbors, those neighbors interact with their own neighbors, and thus a network of indirect connections binds the whole flock together. The surprise is that these tenuous links are enough to do the job. When a boid at the north end of the flock starts turning, a boid at the south end gets the signal only through several intermediaries. Admittedly, many such chains of intermediaries connect the two boids. Even so, it's unexpected that distant events can exert such a powerful influence. It's almost like thought-transference.
The Reynolds boid model was part of a revolutionary change in the prevailing style of thinking about collective behavior in animals. The model was bottom-up rather than top-down, local rather than global, algorithmic rather than equational. Instead of starting with the overall form of the flock and asking how the birds could organize themselves to produce it, the model merely specified how individual birds interact with one another; the large-scale structure of the flock is an "emergent property."
Reynolds was not the only one to discover the charms of such models. Frank Heppner of the University of Rhode Island had been studying bird behavior since the 1960s, including searches for leaders in flocks. In the late 1980s he began independently formulating leaderless models based on the idea of a force law acting between birds (with short-range repulsion and long-range attraction). A few years later Tamás Vicsek of Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest and several colleagues published another model, stripping away ornithological detail in a search for the simplest system that would exhibit interesting collective behavior. In essence, their model adopted just the second of Reynolds's rules (velocity matching) along with some random noise. The Vicsek model has been applied to everything from birds to bacteria.
Soon there were specialized programming languages and software systems that made it easy (and fun!) to explore such "agent-based models." Mitchel Resnick of MIT developed one of the first of these languages, called StarLogo (which I wrote about in an earlier column, "E Pluribus Unum," January–February 1999). Several other languages have appeared since then, and enthusiasm for agent-based modeling has spread from biology to the social sciences, finance and other areas. Moreover, the boids have come home to roost: The computational methods devised to help understand the behavior of animals in groups have come back as biologically inspired algorithms ("swarm intelligence," "ant-colony optimization") for hard computational problems.
The best computer simulations of bird flocks look wonderfully realistic—Reynolds won an Oscar for some of his flock animations—but do they tell us anything about real birds? Until recently it was hard to answer this question because so little was known about the trajectories of birds in large flocks. There were plenty of films and videos, but tracking individuals in three dimensions was not feasible.
The situation has changed with new data-gathering efforts, the largest being the STARFLAG project, an interdisciplinary collaboration extending across Italy, France, Hungary and the Netherlands. A STARFLAG group at the University of Rome, led by Andrea Cavagna and Giorgio Parisi, has succeeded in tracing the movements of individuals in starling flocks with up to 4,000 members. The Cavagna group did not have to go far to make their observations. Every winter, vast numbers of starlings gather just a few blocks away from the university at the Termini, Rome's main railway station. Cavagna and his colleagues set up digital cameras on the roof of a nearby building, the Palazzo Massimo.
Because video recorders lack sufficient resolution, the Rome group used cameras meant for still photography and made rapid-fire sequences of exposures. Pairs of cameras were mounted 25 meters apart so that the stereoscopic disparity would provide depth cues, as in binocular vision. Each camera could record five frames per second, which is not quite fast enough for following the movement of starlings. Therefore two pairs of cameras were triggered alternately to give an effective rate of 10 frames per second. Two more cameras (making a total of six) aided in the 3D reconstruction.
Making the photos was only the first challenge; making sense of them was harder. Even with high-resolution images, a starling 100 meters from the camera is little more than a dark blob, with no individually distinguishable features. Given a pair of images that show the same configuration of birds from different points of view, how do you match up blobs that correspond to the same bird? Then how do you solve the similar problem of tracking a bird through successive frames? A further complication is that blobs often overlap.
To solve these problems the group built a hierarchy of image-analysis tools. The first step removes background features such as clouds, isolating the dark blobs that represent birds. Then a "blob-splitting" process breaks up overlapping bird images. In this way the photograph is reduced to an array of point coordinates in the two-dimensional plane of the image.
The leap into the third dimension requires combining information from multiple cameras. The basic geometric principle is well-known: An object photographed from two different points of view appears at different positions in the two images. This stereoscopic disparity provides information about the object's range, or distance from the cameras. The complication is that the photographs include a few thousand objects that all look alike. Before calculating ranges, it's necessary to figure out which blobs in image A go with which blobs in image B.
The STARFLAG group developed a multistage process for solving this matching problem. First a pattern-recognition algorithm searches for "constellations" of points in image A whose arrangement is distinctive enough that the same points can also be identified in B, even though the constellation will be distorted somewhat by the shift in point of view. Finding about 50 such matched pairs provides enough information to approximate the geometric transformation that maps any point in A to the corresponding pixel position in B. The approximation is refined by exploiting images from a third camera, C, mounted close to A. The short baseline and small optical disparity make the matching problem easier for A–C image pairs. And once the A–C matches are found, they can guide the search for more A–B matches. On average, the algorithm assigned 3D positions to 88 percent of the birds in the images analyzed.
Tracking a bird through time, and thereby learning its velocity as well as its position, entails matching across many successive frames rather than just the two images of a stereo pair. This is a challenging task, but the precise coordination of starling flocks helps to make it feasible. Because at any instant most of the birds are flying at the same speed and in the same direction, the average velocity vector gives a very good clue about where to look for a bird in the next frame.
The findings of the STARFLAG program support the existing theoretical framework—the basic idea that flocks are held together by local interactions—but the results have also brought some surprises. For example, it turns out that the overall shape of starling flocks is not what it appears to be. To a casual observer, most flocks look globular; they appear to be deformed but fully rounded spheres or cylinders. But the 3D reconstructions show that the typical flock is quasi-two-dimensional: It is extended along two dimensions but squashed to a fairly thin layer along the third dimension. The average aspect ratio of length to width to thickness is 6:3:1. In general, the shortest axis is vertical, so that the flock is spread out in a thin horizontal sheet.
Cavagna and his colleagues suggest a physical or physiological reason for this flight formation: Vertical movements have a higher energy cost than lateral ones, and so birds favor flight at constant altitude. What's harder to explain is why most observers of flocks have a very different impression of their shapes and motions. The suggested explanation is a perceptual effect: Looking up at a steep angle makes it hard to distinguish between vertical motion of the flock and a component of horizontal motion directed toward or away from the observer.
Another curious finding is that starling flocks have a dense outer rind and a mushy interior. The density of birds is greatest at the boundary of the flock, and it declines steadily toward the core. This is the opposite of the distribution that evolves when free-moving objects are bound together by a long-range force such as gravity; globular clusters of stars, for example, are densest in the middle and sparse at the edges. The Rome investigators discuss some ideas about why the inside-out density gradient might be useful as a defense against predators, but they do not propose a mechanism for generating the gradient. What modification of the Reynolds boid rules would account for this observation?
The Rome group does introduce another, more fundamental revision of the Reynolds model. In the original simulation, a bird's neighborhood is defined geometrically: The bird keeps track of all other birds within a certain radius of its own position. Cavagna and his colleagues propose a "topological" alternative: A bird interacts with a fixed number of nearest neighbors, regardless of their geometric distance. The number of birds comprising the neighborhood is probably six or seven.
What led to this proposal was the discovery that flocks differ substantially in overall density—by a factor of two or more. If interactions were limited to a fixed radius, then birds in dense flocks would effectively have more neighbors than those in looser groupings. But the observed behavior of the flocks is identical across the range of densities.
Of all the findings announced so far, the most intriguing have come from a study of correlations in velocity. The existence of strong correlations is hardly a surprise. After all, if the birds weren't all flying in roughly the same direction, the flock would disintegrate. But the result is stronger than this. Subtracting the flock's mean velocity from each bird's individual velocity vector leaves a field of residual fluctuations—new, smaller vectors that represent the discrepancy between each bird's motion and the average. It turns out that these vectors too are strongly correlated.
The statistic called the correlation length is the distance beyond which one bird's influence on another fades away, so that the two birds fly independently. Remarkably, the correlation length in starling flocks grows along with the flock itself, so that even birds at opposite ends remain connected. The correlations are said to be "scale-free."
What's unusual about this situation is not just that the correlation length is greater than the interaction distance. That happens in many systems. An example from physics is a ferromagnet, in which short-range interactions between atoms produce alignments over much larger distances. But the correlation length in the magnet is not scale-free; a ferromagnet of macroscopic size breaks up into many independent domains.
Why isn't there a similar limit on the correlation length in bird flocks? One possibility is that the flock operates at a "critical point," a set of circumstances where fluctuations extend to all possible scales of length. For a ferromagnet the critical point is a temperature known as the Curie point. In the case of bird flocks it's not clear what would correspond to the Curie point, or even what variable would play the role of temperature. The Cavagna group explains:
Scale-free correlations imply that the group is, in a strict sense, different from and more than the sum of its parts. The effective perception range of each individual is as large as the entire group and it becomes possible to transfer undamped information to all animals, no matter their distance, making the group respond as one.
In this passage I hear an echo of Selous's "collective thinking." Of course no telepathy is implied; the birds communicate by ordinary physical means. And yet the outcome seems all the more impressive—and perhaps even more mysterious—for that very reason.
©Brian Hayes
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Breathable and light, the Nike Free Transform Flyknit boasts a foot-conforming Flyknit upper, asymmetrical construction for ergonomic support and internal structure for a comfortable feel. Advanced Flywire cables also come to play, providing added support without extra bulk. Made for multi-directional movements, these training superstars feature rubber pods on the toe, heel and lateral outsole for increased grip no matter how you move. The real standout of this advanced new model is the updated Auxetic tri-star pattern on the sole. Auxetic foam expands when it is stretched, providing a more natural, barefoot-like feel with every step.
Transform your training experience with the sure-to-make-waves Women's Nike Free Transform Flyknit Training Shoes.
Regular Price: £79.99
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FreshySites designed a site for us that was great looking and easy to maintain for our non-profit organization. With a simplified but elegant design, our members and visitors have commented on how easy it is to find information quickly, register for events and donate.
WordPress Specialists Serving Monroe, North Carolina


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Reviewed By David M (SAN JOSE, CA) Reviewed for a 2003 Chevy Suburban —1/7/2015 3:49 PM
Real Aluminum - heavy construction. It is painted, not anodized. Up close, the paint is not perfect. From three feet, it is pretty nice. Looks great on the car. On mu model, I removed the grill assembly to get at the emblem mount. Dome in less than an hour, including polishing all the parts while I had it apart. I got the style with a bead of trim around the emblem. I wish I had just gotten solid black or perhaps chrome. It does look great and I expect it to last longer than the car.


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If you feel that you were banned incorrectly, you can email the support desk (email@example.com). Make sure you include your in-game name and the details of your situation in your email. They will explain the reason for your punishment. If an error was made, they will fix it.
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During his retirement Peter Daetz, together with his wife Marlene, came up with the idea of opening an international centre for wood-carved sculpture in Lichtenstein, a small town near Chemnitz.
In his career the benefactor had travelled all four corners of the globe, and today there are 700 primarily contemporary works from all over the world on display in Lichtenstein, offering insights into wood carvers' rituals, customs and techniques. The exhibition is housed in the Electoral Palace near Lichtenstein Castle.
Opening times:
daily 10am-6pm
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93.1 Hank FM
by: Alpha Media USA LLC • 33
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by: Alpha Media USA LLC • 33
The 93.1 Hank FM app plays country legends! Hear and interact with the artists and songs that you love. With the latest 93.1 Hank FM app, you can connect with us like never before.
Just download and open your 93.1 Hank FM app to get a live feed of what's playing, and everything else that's played over the past couple of hours on 93.1 Hank FM. Listen to your favorite shows and personalities. You can tap an item in the feed for details then, interact with great features like:
Rate and discover music
Exclusive offers and deals
Social posts
Contests and giveaways
And more
You decide when you want to listen, and when you want to browse by turning the live stream on or off within the app. Get what you want off the radio with the latest 93.1 Hank FM app.
Please note: This app features Nielsen's proprietary measurement software, which may allow you to contribute to market research like Nielsen's TV Ratings. To learn more about Nielsen's digital measurement products and your choices in regard to them, please visit http://www.nielsen.com/digitalprivacy
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Verdict: 2009 Subaru Forester 2.5X Limited
Our Winner Has Been the Sum of its Parts
The Subaru Forester does everything well. That's the reason it was crowned our 2009 Sport/Utility of the Year, and after more than a year's service in the Motor Trend test fleet, that choice was more than reaffirmed.
The Forester never sat in our garage. It was the Swiss Army knife of the MT fleet:
Go anywhere, do anything, rarely a problem, and never a complaint-from the vehicle, that is. Whether loaded with photo or video gear, camping equipment, or family road trip supplies, the Forester was up to the challenge.
Every SUV becomes a workhorse of sorts when in the MT test fleet, and the Forester was no exception. With its ample interior space, high clearance, and full-time AWD, it was a no-brainer to use this vehicle for support on comparison adventures. From the snowy peaks of Mammoth Mountain to the scorching desert floor of Death Valley, the Forester always proved the right choice for the job.
While there were no complaints from the car, there were a few from our staffers. The main issue was with the four-speed automatic transmission. In this day and age of seven- and eight-speed transmissions, a four-speed is an antique. Just one extra gear would make a world of difference in the entire driving experience of the Forester. On significant inclines, the transmission would constantly hunt between third and fourth gear, annoying occupants and reducing fuel economy. But once rolling down the highway or maneuvering around town, the Forester worked like a champ.
The compact exterior yet ample interior makes trips to the mall or grocery store uneventful, but that's a good thing. There's no problem navigating crowded parking lots, fitting into parking spots, or loading up with newly purchased goods: the Forester does it all. These physical dimensions are also of great use on family road trips, enhanced by the comfortable and supportive seats; the Forester has 68.3 cubic feet of cargo space behind the driver and 33.5 behind the second row. Combine those attributes with the numerous cubbyholes offered by the Forester's cabin, and you'll have no problem whisking the family off for a weekend getaway in complete comfort with plenty of room for everyone's gear.
Being in So Cal, we don't get much weather here other than rain, which brings hidden hazards such as water-filled potholes and cracks that make our roads that much more treacherous. But in the Forester, we never felt uneasy; the AWD keeps a firm grip on the pavement and the 8.7 inches of ground clearance lets you shrug off flooded freeways on your commute.
Being in So Cal also means we're but a few hours from any kind of terrain we want to explore. The Forester's capabilities shine even more when you venture onto a dirt trail or snow-covered road; again, the AWD and ground clearance make your drive fun, rather than scary. Driving down rock-strewn roads, blasting through knee-high snowdrifts, or crossing the occasional stream or river, the Forester can handle it all.
Early in our Forester's tenure with us, we found some electrical gremlins in the navigation and the dealer-installed XM Satellite radio. The nav would indicate us in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, whatever our actual location.
While that got fixed, the satellite radio had its issues. We could hear a loud pop or crack, then the radio would shut down for a bit until it decided it was ready to start working again. The satellite reception was also spotty, even on major freeways, where it was always a crap shoot as to whether it would keep working. On more than a few occasions, it would go into an acquiring mode, attempting to reconnect with the satellite transmission. We came to believe our satellite radio gremlin was nothing more that the antenna's placement, which is inside the cabin, upside down, in the upper right corner of the front windshield. Other than the Forester, we've driven newer Subarus with factory satellite radio and a properly located antenna, which seems to have solved the problem and validated our suspicions.
Accumulating just over 28,000 miles, our Forester made three scheduled service visits totaling $485.96 for oil change, inspection, tire rotation, and air filter replacement, and it needed nothing out of the ordinary that was not covered by the warranty.
All things considered, despite a few minor complaints, the Subaru Forester 2.5X was one of, if not the, most useful and reliable vehicles in our long-term test fleet. Be it chasing the pack on a comparo or loaded to the gills for a family weekend getaway, the Forester proved to be a true jack of all trades.
From the Logbook
The Forester seriously needs another gear, but I have to say it really isn't noticeable around town. The turbo would be nice as well, but again, getting around L.A., the Forester feels plenty peppy from stoplight to stoplight.
- Scott Evans
I managed to cram a lot of stuff into this little SUV. Seats folded down, I had three oversized suitcases, skis, poles and boots, six Christmas gifts, two sleeping bags.
- Brian Vance
|Our Car
|Base price
|Navigation ($1800), XM Satellite Radio ($453), Bluetooth microphone kit ($237), PZEV emissions ($200, cargo net seatback ($46)
|MSRP, as tested
|Total mileage
|Avg econ/CO2
|22.0 mpg
|Problem areas
|Maintenance cost
|$485.96 (3 - oil change/rotate tires/replace air filter)
|Normal-wear cost
|3-year residual value
|Engine and engine cooling
|* Automotive Lease Guide
|2009 Subaru Forester 2.5X Limited
|Drivetrain layout
|Front engine, AWD
|Engine type
|Flat-4, aluminum block and heads
|SOHC, 4 valves/cyl
|149.9 cu in/2457 cc
|Compression ratio
|Power (SAE net)
|170 hp @ 6000 rpm
|Torque (SAE net)
|170 lb-ft @ 4400 rpm
|6000 rpm
|Weight to power
|19.6 lb/hp
|4-speed automatic
|Axle/final-drive ratios
|Suspension, front; rear
|Struts, coil springs, anti-roll bar; control arms, coil springs, anti-roll bar
|Steering ratio
|Turns lock-to-lock
|Brakes, f;r
|11.7-in vented disc; 11.3-in vented disc, ABS
|7.0 x 17-in, cast aluminum
|225/55R17 95H M+S, Yokohama Geolander G95
|103.0 in
|Track, f/r
|60.2/60.2 in
|Length x width x height
|179.5 x 70.1 x 66.9 in
|Turning circle
|34.4 ft
|Curb weight
|3329 lb
|Weight dist, f/r
|Seating capacity
|Headroom, f/r
|41.6/40.4 in
|Legroom, f/r
|43.1/38.0 in
|Shoulder room, f/r
|56.1/55.6 in
|Cargo vol beh, f/r
|Acceleration to mph


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There is something endearing about Everclear front man Art Alexakis. While many bands love to relive the glory days to collect a check based off nostalgia, Alexakis seems to mean well. He put together the 1990s alt-rock themed Summerland tour that came to Proof Bar on Sunday.
Yes, there were plenty of rehearsed rock'n'roll cliches from all the bands, but Everclear seemed to enjoy themselves the most. Alexakis seems to care about the rock music that took the airwaves by storm in the 90s and has no trouble spearheading that revival for a summer show that took most of the crowd back it its high school days. Everclear kicked off its set with seminal favorite "So Much for the Afterglow" and continued with a set heavy in the hits like "Everything To Everyone", "Father of Mine", "I Will Buy You A New Life" and the closer that included a jam session from all the bands on the bill, "Santa Monica." Alexakis took a few breaks to strum up some Led Zeppelin riffs and even played a little bit of "Sweet Home Alabama" before reminding the crowd that " we all need a little rock'n'roll in our lives."
The current incarnation of Live, sans the original lead singer, came across as more of a Live cover band you'd see at a bar like Sherlocks. Filter and Sponge did a solid job bringing back memories with a handful of recognizable radio songs. The crowd was made up of fans who are mostly pushing their mid 30s, frat-boy types, the 94.5 The Buzz crowd and guys wearing MMA shirts and their Midtown-centric girlfriends.
The tour has good intentions when you strip down the preconceived notion of "washed up bands" trying revitalize their relevancy. Alexakis and company are just trying to have some fun and at the end of the day, isn't that what rock'n'roll is about?


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Policy Update: Central African Republic Factsheet
The Central African Republic has a long history of political strife, coups, severe human rights abuses, and underdevelopment. Despite this, sectarian violence and targeted killing based on religious identity are new to the majority-Christian country. The ongoing conflict started after the 2013 coup by a coalition of Muslim-majority militias and has resulted in thousands of people dead, 2.2 million in need of humanitarian assistance, more than 480,000 refugees, and more than 500,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs).


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It was around 150 years ago in Mettmann near Düsseldorf that Germany's most famous resident was discovered: Neanderthal man, now the star attraction at one of Europe's most popular and innovative museums.
This site of global historic importance is the ideal place to trace the history of humankind – from the very beginnings in the savannahs of Africa over four million years ago right through to the present day. The museum's unusual architecture, designed by Günter Zamp, Julius Kraus and Arno Brandhuber, is similarly impressive. The bluish glass of the spiral-shaped building makes the museum seem almost unreal amid the surrounding landscape of the protected valley.
Opening times:
Tuesday-Sunday 10am-6pm
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TotalBeauty.com content:
Britney Spears stole the night but Rihanna, Miley Cyrus and others held their own at the show
Why do we love the MTV Video Music Awards? Because unlike the Oscars, where stars tend to play it safe, anything goes at the VMAs. Celebrities show up in some of the most sexy, glamorous and just plain bizarre looks. Check out our standout picks from the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards.
Beauty Bytes: Hair from the VMA's
Posted by Retrodiva on Tuesday, September 16, 2008 at 12:09 PM
Labels: beauty bytes, mtv, total beauty, vma


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Unlike Jeph Jacques, I am not even close to brave enough to UStream my drawing process. I will, however, give you a taste of it as a teaser for the next installment of Zombie Media.
These screenshots illustrate my somewhat quick and dirty all-digital mode of drawing. This is completely different from how I drew CFP #13 which was penciled and inked with physical pencils and pens, then scanned and shaded in Photopaint.
The first three screenshots are all from Painter and all the drawing is done with a Wacom Graphire tablet (precursor to the Bamboo tablet). My favoritest tools are liquid ink and watercolors (which I use to color scanned doodles, like this one). I use absurd numbers of layers and have usually stopped giving them logical names by the time I'm done. So I'll have sensible things like "sketch" and "flats" and then Layers 1-27.
Everything is exported to BMP and then imported into CorelDRAW for layout and lettering. A comic is born! Or a comic panel, anyway.
And if you didn't know I was a Corel fangirl, you ought to now. This is also why I root for the Senators.
Fun in Jammies
Derangement & Description
Have a comic you think should be included here? Tell me about it!


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And yes I ALWAYS write refills in whole numbers.
Friday, February 25, 2011
After winning Jeopardy! Watson goes to work at a pharmacy
17 comments:
- Unknown said...
It's because the patient only picked up 30 out of 90, leaving 60 tablets, or .66666..... of a full refill. Watson does reside in pharmacy computers and I have learned to speak his language over the years.
- February 25, 2011 at 3:34 PM
- Shalom said...
What's wrong with having 1⅔ refills left?
- February 25, 2011 at 3:39 PM
- Grumpy, M.D. said...
I understood it. It just took me by surprise. Never had that show up on a fax before.
- February 25, 2011 at 3:40 PM
- MDB said...
I think watson also resides in some of the e-prescribe systems as I've gotten dosages for 1.333mL of amox suspension before from some prescribers. I'd love to have them explain to the parents how to measure that amount out and give to a screaming kid when just 1.5ml would work alot easier on the dosing spoon or oral syringe. Of course most of that comes from idiots who use a program to calculate the dose and just write in the script what ever the number is regardless of the fact that it is not really possible to measure. And I'm not buying the I don't want to give too much of a dose, it is amoxicillin suspension, a little over what the computer program says is good, that extra is probably going to wind up being spit up and dying something pink.
- February 25, 2011 at 3:42 PM
Same thing happened to me. I had
.12 left on a RX. When it was refilled after the .12 I received,
yep .12 again, not the original
amt of rx. You would think Watson
would have defaulted back to original amt. It was fun trying to
explain to doc who never had seen this before.
- February 25, 2011 at 4:52 PM
Automated systems are great:
Methotrexate 2.5 mg
Dispensing amount: 12.857142857
Take 3 tablets buy mouth once every week.
I know where the flaw is.....but it just looks ridiculous.
WV: guessidl
- February 25, 2011 at 5:04 PM
- Kitty~Amber said...
Oh, thanks for that laugh out loud moment of the week. That's hilarious.
- February 25, 2011 at 5:25 PM
Shouldn't that be "1.66666667?"
- February 25, 2011 at 5:38 PM
- Moose said...
Actually it should be 1.6666 with a bar over the last 6.
- February 25, 2011 at 10:05 PM
Anonymous re Methotrexate 3 tabs once a week : try getting some funders to understand that some months have FIVE Fridays and that 12 tabs just won't do it!
- February 26, 2011 at 7:06 AM
- Packer said...
There are 4.3 weeks per month, maybe that has something to do with it.
- February 26, 2011 at 10:04 AM
- Frantic Pharmacist said...
Yes, our brilliant computer system does this too when adjusting a script for a 3-month supply to a 1-month supply. Somehow it is unable to make the translation. I don't know why we can make smart phones that practically wipe your butt for you, but we can't do this.
- February 26, 2011 at 10:46 AM
- watercolordaisy said...
Oh great. Can't wait for that to happen. lol. Insurance is already confused I take 20x the recommended dose of a med I'm not taking for the regular use, lol.
- February 26, 2011 at 1:07 PM
- Texas Pharmacy Chica said...
Anon 6:06 - that's why those are written for a 28 day supply, just like oral contraceptives, Actonel 35 mg and other drugs taken in terms of weeks, not months of varying length. Thus you have to pay 13 copays each year, but no one violates any crazy insurance rules....because it is a misdemeanor (insurance fraud) in most states for pharmacists to dispense 35 days supply of meds if the ins deal is 30 days MAX, but 28 days supply is OK. Or even 12 days (think antibiotics). Check your own member handbook, it is probably in there on page 672 or thereabouts......
The other option is to dispense, say 13 tablets, even when the patient takes 3 each week, so every 3 months it all looks good.
My experience is that most patients, not all, would loose the spare tablet, take the wrong amount of tablets, complain the pharmacy gave them the wrong amount because there is not a correct number of doses in the bottle or a combination of all of the above.
- February 26, 2011 at 3:47 PM
- The Mother said...
Finally, a solution to the fact that a month is not always 30 days long. We just write for 1.01 refills on the long ones.
- February 27, 2011 at 9:37 AM
lol @ The Mother. I'd laugh so hard to rec'v an Rx with that on it. And I'd DEFINITELY know what they meant, now.
- February 27, 2011 at 4:56 PM
- Diana said...
I use an insulin pump that recommends 100U insulin but I use 500. Try and get the pharmacist to understand how many bottles of insulin I need per month. I thought for a while the pharmacist and my doc were going to get into a shouting match over the phone!
- February 28, 2011 at 12:45 PM


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PAWLEYS ISLAND, SC (WLTX) --There is a mystery along the South Carolina coast.
Thousands of dead fish washed up on the beach at the south end of Pawleys Island Tuesday afternoon.
The fish are menhaden, and the SC Department of Natural Resources have been notified of the incident.
Menhaden fish are a small, oily fish that are used for fish oil and its oil is also an ingredient in lipstick and they are also used for livestock feed.