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The Early History of Universal Screening for Metabolic Disorders
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00309400
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : March 31, 2006
Last Update Posted : August 20, 2014
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|Phenylketonuria Galactosemia Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Universal neonatal screening programs for metabolic disorders constitute a triumph of medicine and public policy in the US over the last 50 years. State programs to identify and treat disorders such as and galactosemia have saved thousands of lives and prevented serious morbidity such hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria (PKU), as mental retardation . Advances in science and technology, including the Human Genome Project, offer the opportunity to expand universal newborn screening programs to include many new conditions. Although the benefits of such screening programs appear to outweigh their costs, some critics have pointed to historical examples that should make us wary of expanding universal newborn screening. For example, ethicist Norm Fost has stated that early screening programs falsely identified hundreds of children as having PKU or galactosemia, and that inappropriate treatment of these children led to death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment . As our nation weighs the risks and benefits of expanding newborn screening to a variety of metabolic and genetic conditions, it is critical to revisit the early years of universal screening programs. Did the extension of screening from at-risk populations to all newborns lead to substantial morbidity and mortality? If so, what can we learn from our past experience to inform our current plans to expand universal newborn screening?
We propose to examine the early history of universal screening for PKU and galactosemia in the US. Following standard historical research methodology, we will begin with a review of the historical scholarship on PKU and galactosemia, including more general works on mental retardation, genetics, public health screening, and metabolic disorders. We will also identify and obtain scientific publications and archival sources that document the early screening and treatment of these disorders. Lastly, we will conduct oral history interviews with key participants in the history of early screening and treatment of PKU and galactosemia. Oral history is a critical component of this project, providing information not available in any other format. Through oral history interviews, we hope to identify critical events, key people, and important collateral influencing issues.
The second phase of historical methods requires the scholar to identify key themes based on the historical record, then present preliminary findings to groups of scholars from a variety of disciplines. This academic exchange leads the PI to new resources and to refined key themes. The final phase of historical scholarship is preparation of written conclusions. As a result of this project, a historical article will be written for a peer-reviewed journal accessible to clinicians, researchers, and policy experts who are considering how best to expand universal metabolic screening.
|Study Type :
|Actual Enrollment :
|10 participants
|Time Perspective:
|Official Title:
|The Early History of Universal Screening for Metabolic Disorders
|Study Start Date :
|January 2006
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|January 2008
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|June 2008
- Historical report of PKU false positive morbidity/morality [ Time Frame: After newborn screening began (1960) ]This study involved oral history interviews, so outcomes are qualitative
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|Child, Adult, Older Adult
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Inclusion Criteria:
- participants in the history of early screening and treatment of PKU and galactosemia
Exclusion Criteria:
- those who decline to be interviewed
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00309400
|United States, Florida
|University of Miami Mailman Center for Child Development
|Miami, Florida, United States, 33101
|Principal Investigator:
|Jeffrey P Brosco, MD, PhD
|University of Miami
|Responsible Party:
|Jeffrey P. Brosco, Professor, Clinical Pediatrics, University of Miami
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|March 31, 2006 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|August 20, 2014
|Last Verified:
|August 2014
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Metabolic Diseases
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn
Brain Diseases, Metabolic
Brain Diseases
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors

subset: commoncrawl


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"We are delighted that the university now has a powerful tool for high-performance computing. There are not many universities in Russia that can boast computer systems of this level. The supercomputer, built on Fujitsu server solutions, will be primarily designed for training undergraduates and masters students and will also help in complex scientific research"
Professor Elena Kudryashova, Rector of the M.V. Lomonosov, NARFU
The M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University (NARFU) is a new research and educational innovation center in the Russian system for higher professional education. It was founded by Russian Federation Presidential Decree No. 1172 of 21 October 2009 and began operating in June 2010 when its Certificate of State Registration was received. NARFU trains specialists in engineering, technical, mathematical, natural science and humanities subjects. The scientific potential of the university includes 114 doctors, 787 candidates of science, 14 PhD students, 333 postgraduates and 436 masters' students.
The strategic objective of NARFU is to ensure innovative scientific and human resources support for protection of Russia's economic interests in the North Arctic region, by creating a system of continuous professional education, integration of education, science and production and strategic partnerships with the business community.
The M.V. Lomonosov NARFU was in need of a computing system to perform complex scientific research in mathematics, informatics and space technologies.


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Here we go.
The US men's national team plays the first game of a five-match stretch on Saturday against Scotland in Jacksonville, Fla. The match, to be broadcast nationally on NBC Sports and Galavision, is the first of three friendlies the US face before kicking off their World Cup qualifying campaign with a June 8 home game against Antigua and Barbuda and a June 12 match against Guatemala in Guatemala City.
Since taking charge of the US team last July, head coach Jurgen Klinsmann has experimented with new players, new formations and new tactics in an attempt to revamp the national team's playing style. And on the back of a four-game winning streak, the German legend has compiled a 5-4-1 record so far in 10 friendlies.
Now the games start to matter. Has Klinsmann's tenure produced a team that can get results when it counts? Playing Scotland in front of a record-breaking crowd in Florida, we'll start to see some answers.
The Yanks hold a 1-3-2 record all-time against the Scots. Their first game, played in 1949 on Randall's Island in New York City, saw the visitors run out 4-0 winners. Their next game, in 1952, was no more encouraging for the US, as Scotland took a 6-0 win at Hampden Park in Glasgow.
In fact, the Nats did not notch their first victory over the Tartan until 1996, when goals from Eric Wynalda and Cobi Jones gave the US a 2-1 win in New Britain, Conn.
The last time the teams played each other, in 2005, Josh Wolff scored a ninth-minute penalty as the US and Scotland played to a 1-1 draw.
The last time the US national team convened, a 55th-minute Clint Dempsey goal at the Stadio Luigi Ferraris in Genoa gave the Yanks their first-ever victory against Italy.
Dempsey will not be available against Scotland, but his absence is made up for by the return of Landon Donovan to the Nats' fold. The US' star midfielder has played just two games for the national team under Klinsmann, and the presence of arguably the best player in American soccer could do wonders to inspire a team that has already started to find their groove under their new coach.
The 1-0 win against Italy was the latest in a four-match winning streak that also included a 3-2 win against Slovenia and 1-0 wins over Venezuela and Panama. It's a sharp turnaround from the string of bad results that marked the beginning of Klinsmann's tenure. Though the Nats earned a 1-1 tie against Mexico in the German's first game in charge, they were shut out in four of their next five, losing each contest 1-0.
Results have no doubt improved, but the US' lockdown defense has carried much of the burden as the offense has struggled to score goals. Apart from the win over Slovenia, the US have not scored more than one goal in any game under Klinsmann, and have only tallied five goals in those nine contests. The German coach has once again called in a deep stable of midfielders who can help shield the defense – Kyle Beckerman, Jermaine Jones, Maurice Edu and Michael Bradley. Captain Carlos Bocanegra continues to marshal the US backline, though both Michael Parkhurst and Clarence Goodson will not feature against the Scots, as both arrived in camp on Thursday.
But the defense may be given a bit of a break on Saturday, because the US have called in some considerable firepower. Striker Jozy Altidore is coming off a stellar season with Dutch club AZ Alkmaar in which he scored 19 goals across all competitions. Joining him will be Santos Laguna hitman Herculez Gomez and perennial MLS Golden Boot contender Chris Wondolowski.
There won't be any surprises for the US in a Scottish squad comprising entirely players based in Great Britain. Seven of Scotland's players play in the Scottish Premier League – Lee Wallace, Alan McGregor and Steven Whittaker are teammates with Bocanegra and Edu at Rangers – while nine ply their trade in the English Premier League as adversaries to Dempsey's Fulham.
The Scots are coming off a European Championship qualifying campaign that saw them miss out on second place in Group I and a play-in game by just two points. In two friendlies since missing out on a Euro 2012 berth, Scotland beat Cyprus 2-1 and drew Slovenia 1-1, both games away from home.
Scotland manager Craig Levein has brought some experience into the team to face the US. Striker Kenny Miller is the team's leading scorer and most capped player with 16 and 61, respectively. Defender Gary Caldwell has 47 appearances for the Tartan, while starting goalkeeper Craig Gordon has 40 caps and 15 shutouts.
However, the bulk of the players are relative newcomers. No other player on the squad has earned more than 30 caps for Scotland, while Dundee United striker Johnny Russell has earned his first call up.
Players to Watch
USA – Herculez Gomez: The calls to bring the 2010 World Cup veteran back into the US squad have gotten louder and louder since he caught fire in Mexico. Now it's time for Herc to prove those calls were merited.
Scotland – Shaun Maloney: To hear Levein tell it, Maloney is a big reason why Wigan were not relegated from the EPL this season, and his wonder goal in the Latics' 1-0 win over Manchester United is proof enough that he can punish the US if they're not careful.
GOALKEEPERS (3): Brad Guzan (Aston Villa), Tim Howard (Everton), Nick Rimando (Real Salt Lake)
DEFENDERS (7): Carlos Bocanegra (Rangers), Geoff Cameron (Houston Dynamo), Edgar Castillo (Club Tijuana), Steve Cherundolo (Hannover 96), Clarence Goodson (Brondby), Oguchi Onyewu (Sporting CP), Michael Parkhurst (Nordsjaelland)
MIDFIELDERS (7): Kyle Beckerman (Real Salt Lake), Michael Bradley (Chievo Verona), Joe Corona (Club Tijuana), Maurice Edu (Rangers), Fabian Johnson (Hoffenheim), Jermaine Jones (Schalke 04), Jose Torres (Pachuca)
FORWARDS (6): Jozy Altidore (AZ Alkmaar), Terrence Boyd (Borussia Dortmund), Clint Dempsey (Fulham), Landon Donovan (LA Galaxy), Herculez Gomez (Santos Laguna), Chris Wondolowski (San Jose Earthquakes)
GOALKEEPERS (3): Allan McGregor (Rangers), Craig Gordon (Sunderland), Matt Gilks (Blackpool)
DEFENDERS (8): Steven Whittaker (Rangers), Phil Bardsley (Sunderland), Charlie Mulgrew (Celtic), Christophe Berra (Wolves), Andy Webster (Heart of Midlothian), Gary Caldwell (Wigan), Russell Martin (Norwich), Lee Wallace (Rangers)
MIDFIELDERS (7): Barry Bannan (Aston Villa), Scott Brown (Celtic), Craig Bryson (Derby), Don Cowie (Cardiff City), James McArthur (Wigan), Matt Phillips (Blackpool), Shaun Maloney (Wigan)
FORWARDS (4): David Goodwillie (Blackburn), Kenny Miller (Cardiff City), Craig Mackail-Smith (Brighton and Hove Albion), Johnny Russell (Dundee United)


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With one stroke of a pen, the Lakers delivered the strongest message both on their admiration for Kobe Bryant's extensive achievements and unyielding optimism about his uncertain future.
The Lakers signed Bryant to a two-year extension worth $48 million, according to a league source familiar with the deal, though Bryant has yet to play in a game since tearing his left Achilles tendon seven months ago. The Lakers have already officially ruled Bryant out tonight when the Lakers (7-7) visit the Washington Wizards (5-8) at Verizon Center.
Even if the Lakers remain unsure with Bryant's pending return, they didn't wait in securing the star who will play at least 20 seasons solely donning the purple and gold and remaining the NBA's highest-paid player.
This is a very happy day for Lakers fans and for the Lakers organization," Lakers general manager Mitch Kupchak said in a statement. "We've said all along that our priority and hope was to have Kobe finish his career as a Laker, and this should ensure that that happens. To play 20 years in the NBA, and to do so with the same team, is unprecedented, and quite an accomplishment. Most importantly however, it assures us that one of the best players in the world will remain a Laker, bringing us excellent play and excitement for years to come."
Bryant posted a picture on his Twitter account that showed his signature on his new contract. Bryant then added the hashtag #Laker4Life. The Lakers also added on their Twitter account a photo of Bryant signing the deal alongside his agent, Rob Pelinka. Kupchak, Lakers executive Jim Buss and team lawyer Jim Perzik.
It's hardly surprising the Lakers and Bryant reached a deal. He guided the Lakers to five NBA championships and remains the franchise's leading scorer. Bryant, who ranks fourth on the NBA's all-time scoring list with 31,617 points, could surpass former Lakers center Kareem Abdul-Jabbar as the league's all-time leading scorer (38,387).
It is surprising, though, that the Lakers extended Bryant this quickly.
The Lakers had the option to extend Bryant's contract as early as last April. But Kupchak had suggested at his introductory season press conference in September that both sides remained interested in holding off negotiations until Bryant returned to the court. That way, Bryant could offer clarity on what degree he can mirror last season's output, when he averaged 27.3 points on 46.3 percent shooting, six assists and 5.6 rebounds.
"I think he wants to do the same thing," Kupchak said of Bryant at the time. "I think it makes sense for him and for us to get him back on the court and get a feel and a gauge of how much longer he wants to play and at what level."
That sentiment changed, though.
Kupchak began negotations with Pelinka for the past "few weeks," according to a league source familiar with the discussions. The Lakers wanted Bryant to know they equated 17 years of built equity in enhancing the Lakers brand, ranging from championships, ticket sales, jersey sales and the organization's deal with Time Warner Cable SportsNet and weren't solely fixated on how he'd play following his Achilles injury. Meanwhile, Bryant still took a relative paycut from the $32.45 million he's earning this season, a product of the NBA's labor deal penalizing high-spending team forcing to tighten their budgets.
"Jim and Jeannie Buss' feeling on it is this is what their dad would have done," said a league source familiar with Bryant's extension with the Lakers. "If he were still alive, he would have wanted to take care of him (Bryant) the same way."
But Bryant's signing opens several uncertain questions for the Lakers' 2014 offseason.
Bryant's salary figure represents about 37 percent of the Lakers' projected $62.9 million salary cap for next season, leaving the team with about $40 million to spend on the rest of their roster. That leaves the Lakers with enough purchasing power likely to attract one high-profile free agent instead of two. Potential candidates next season include LeBron James, Carmelo Anthony, Zach Randolph, Chris Bosh and Rudy Gay. The 2015 free-agent class includes Kevin Love, Marc Gasol and Rajon Rondo.
The Lakers would also have to consider whether they'd wave Steve Nash's $9.7 million contract via the so-called "stretch provision," especially since he remains hobbled with nerve issues in his back. The amount of Bryant's contract could also signal the end of Pau Gasol's time with the Lakers, whose $19.1 million contract expires after this season. But a source familiar with the Lakers' thought process said they haven't considered that far ahead.
San Antonio Spurs forward Tim Duncan, at age 36, signed a three-year extension worth about $10 million a year in 2012 to ensure the organization had enough to build a championship franchise around him. Did the Lakers' re-signing Bryant at the amount reported compromise his team's chance of winning his sixth NBA championship?
That's open for debate, of course. But the Lakers made clear they'll put their trust in Bryant in leading the way. "Kobe's not going to play to lure somebody to Los Angeles," Kupchak said in his season-opening press conference. "He's going to play to try to win games. If the way he plays helps lure players to Los Angeles, then so be it."
Later in the evening, Bryant added on his Instagram account: "The offer presented to me by the Lakers ensures the ability to bring in max talent."


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I can hardly believe it has been three years since I posted as Pandemonic. However, lest you think I have been lazy, incarcerated, or perhaps both, my real life person has been busy writing novels. Also busy working in the Real Life business, but that's boring.
So far, I have completed three novels, self-published one, and am in the process of editing the other two. Also working on finishing a fourth. So I have been very busy. I've also been blogging in my real name.
So why would I come back to the Pandemonic blog?
In a word, anonymity. I love that while here, I am a nameless, faceless pandemonic person. My other blog features my real name. There I feel as though I can't quite cut loose as myself. You always have to worry about stepping on someone's toes. If you can say one thing about the modern man, most of us are too sensitive to take a joke, and too closed minded to look at things from varying perspectives.
This is why Pandemonic's Time and Space was started: as a way to vent and bitch and moan and be politically incorrect without suffering the slings of Internet trolls. Been there, done that, and I can tell you, it's no fun.
I nearly forgot the password and the email address I had used to launch this area of WordPress. But…obviously not. Perhaps I am not getting as old as I thought I was.
Anywhooo…I will be changing around the look of the blog. I feel a bigger need for anonymity.
Filed under: addictions, animals, balls, books, cats, centipedes, dentists, dogs, dreams, family, fear and loathing, friends, golf, health, in the rough, internet, internet boyfriend, laziness, life, mad max, music, panties, patchouli, ramblings, rants, rescue, san francisco, sex, teen angst, traveling, women, writing | Tagged: blogging, pandemonics time and space, people, wordpress | 1 Comment »


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Skip to 0 minutes and 4 seconds Prediction Transcript One of the key issues in Global Systems Science is our limited ability to predict the outcome of policy. Some things are very predictable , like the laws of physics.
Skip to 0 minutes and 21 seconds Some things are, to a large extent predictable, but by no means certain. But definitive predictions are impossible in social systems, because there are just too many hard-to-pin-down factors in play.
Skip to 0 minutes and 41 seconds Some of these factors are intentional and aim to influence outcomes. And then something totally unexpected comes out of the blue.
Prediction and the policy dilemma
The policy dilemma introduced in Week 1 can be interpreted as policy makers trying to predict the outcome of their policies. Prediction plays a large role in conventional science, but plays a much more limited role in the science of social systems.
As the video shows, some systems are highly predictable. For example, if you make a pendulum of length a metre (actually 0.994 m), it will swing from left to right and back in two seconds. If you don't believe me, try it!
This is called a point prediction – it is possible to predict the state of the pendulum at any particular future point in time.
The game of football is far less predictable, but not entirely unpredictable. For example, in knock-out competitions teams from higher leagues usually beat teams from lower leagues, but sometimes lower league teams emerge as 'giant-killers'.
Sometimes there are freak events, such as the ball hitting the goalpost, bouncing against a player, and scoring a goal. And sometimes totally unexpected things happen, like a dog running off with the ball.
Many amusing or insightful things have been said about prediction1, e.g.
"Prediction is very difficult, especially if it's about the future." (Nils Bohr);
"Some things are so unexpected that no one is prepared for them." (Leo Rosten);
"To expect the unexpected shows a thoroughly modern intellect." (Oscar Wilde);
"I always avoid prophesying beforehand because it is much better to prophesy after the event has already taken place." (Winston Churchill);
"Prophesy is a good line of business, but it is full of risks." (Mark Twain);
"If you have to forecast, forecast often." (Edgar R. Fiedler);
"It is said that the present is pregnant with the future." (Voltaire); and
"The future isn't what it used to be!" (anonymous).
To these we could add "the only predictable thing in social systems is unpredictability".
What do you think?
Recent history provides many examples of policies that failed because their predictions fell wide of the mark. Name one example in the comments below. In your opinion, could anything have been done to improve this policy before it was implemented? Was better prediction possible?
1 University of Exeter, 'Famous forecasting quotes'
© UNECO UniTwin Complex Systems Digital Campus and Open University


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Well everything may be good and may be evil based on how we use it. From my experience consious and judicious use of UpdatePanel is the key to saving its benefits and avoiding potential problems.
Below I suggest a number of rules that help achieving better results when using UpdatePanel.
- Avoid automatic refreshing of UpdatePanel; always stay in control of which UpdatePanel and when refreshes: set UpdateMode property to Conditional (the default value is Always).
- Minimize the content of the UpdatePanel: the <ContentTemplate> should only include controls that are neccessary to refresh. For instance if user input requires server-side validation include only an error message mark-up in the UpdatePanel and leave the rest of the form outside.
- Try to keep the partial postback trigger controls outside of their respective UpdatePanels unless its neccessary to change their markup.
- Try to stick to a simple rule: one trigger for one UpdatePanel. If you need to refresh multiple UpdatePanels during one request add a trigger control to only one of those UpdatePanels and refresh the others programmatically in an event handler on the server. The idea is to avoid uncontrollable refreshing of unnecessary UpdatePanels.
- Since ViewState is updated with every partial postback request turn the ViewState off on a page that contains the UpdatePanel wherever possible or store the ViewState on the server to avoid transferring it forth and back with every async request.
- Since Page runs through its lifecycle during every partial postback and executes methods like Page_Load or Page_PreRender make sure that logic that is unneccessary for refreshing UpdatePanel is not executed by wrapping it in if(!ScriptManager.IsInAsyncPostBack).
- If you use UpdatePanel event handlers like Init, Load, PreRender and Unload make sure that code inside these event handlers does not execute unless neccessary by checking Page.IsPostBack and ScriptManager.IsInAsyncPostBack properties.
- If you trigger an UpdatePanel programmatically from the client-side (via JavaScript) make sure that its event handler check for the event trigger value using Request.Params["__EVENTTARGET"] ot avoid unnecessary execution path.
- If you programmatically update Page's Header (Title, etc.) or other Page's content that is outside UpdatePanel make sure that this code never gets executed during partial postbacks. First of all its not neccessary since page does not refresh but also it may be dangerous because the content may not be handled properly by a browser.


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The City Volunteer program promotes and coordinates volunteer opportunities within City departments to citizens seeking to enhance the community by donating their time and skills to various municipal projects.The City of Mason City encourages citizens to get involved and participate in the development and enhancement of the city and the community in which they live and work.By choosing to volunteer, you will have the opportunity to strengthen our community by connecting with city staff, families, neighbors and friends, schools, businesses and organizations through service.
For information about the Volunteer Program, contact: email@example.com 641-421-3372
The following is a list of volunteer opportunities that become available during the year. Current volunteer opportunities can be found at: Current Volunteer Opportunities
Providing a unique opportunity for volunteers to share their time and talents as they partner with City staff on municipal projects.
The results of this valuable partnership help to enhance the quality of life for our citizens and our visitors toMason City.


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Exciting news. Our app has a new name – Healthily. Learn more
Some scars grow lumpy and larger than the wound they're healing – this is called keloid scarring. Anyone can get a keloid scar, but they are more common in people with dark skin, such as people from Africa and African-Caribbean and south Indian communities.
When the skin is broken – for example, by a cut, bite, scratch, burn, acne or piercing – the body produces more of a protein called collagen.
Collagen gathers around damaged skin and builds up to help the wound seal over. The resulting scar usually fades over time, becoming smoother and less noticeable.
But some scars don't stop growing, invading healthy skin and becoming bigger than the original wound. These are known as keloid scars, which affect around 10-15% of all wounds.
Keloid scars are more common on the upper chest, shoulders, head (especially the earlobes) and neck, but they can happen anywhere.
They're normally:
They can last for years, and sometimes don't form until months or years after the initial injury.
They're usually painless, but some can cause:
Some people feel embarrassed or upset if they think the scar is disfiguring them.
Experts don't fully understand why keloid scarring happens. They are not contagious or cancerous.
Keloid scars can sometimes develop after minor skin damage, such as burns, acne scars and even chicken pox, but they can sometimes happen spontaneously with no history of skin trauma. If you've had a keloid scar before, you're more likely to get another.
Keloid scars can affect anyone, but they're more common in people with dark skin and it's thought they may run in families. Younger people between the ages of 10 and 30 are more likely to develop them.
You can't completely prevent keloid scars, but you can avoid any deliberate cuts or breaks in the skin, such as tattoos or piercings, including on the earlobes.
Treating acne will reduce the likelihood of acne scars appearing. Avoid minor skin surgery to areas more prone to keloid scarring – the upper chest, back and upper arms – if possible.
There are several treatments available, but none have been shown to be more effective than others. Treatment can be difficult and isn't always successful.
Treatments that may help flatten a keloid include:
Other options include:
If you're bothered by a keloid scar and want help, see your doctor.
Important: Our website provides useful information but is not a substitute for medical advice. You should always seek the advice of your doctor when making decisions about your health.


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Finell AXIS is a multi-faceted satchel made of premium US leather and offers three ways to wear.
21" W x 9" H x 3.5" D / 533.4mm x 228.6mm x 88.9mm
Finell ISO clutch is made of premium US leather and is inspired by origami.
13.49" W x 5.7" H x 3.8" D / 342.6mm x 144.8mm x 96.5mm
Finell RAE bag is made of premium US leather and offers two ways to wear. The only bag that zips itself shut when you pick up the strap!
*RAE Black and Black Gold are only available for delivery in North America. RAE Bone and Nude are available in both North America and Europe.
17.5" W x 12.5" H x 6.5" D / 444mm x 317.5mm x 165.1mm


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In the last quarter of 2011, disk storage systems generated more than $8.5 billion in revenue, representing a 3.5% increase from the prior year's fourth quarter, according to research firm IDG. For all of 2011, disk storage systems grew 7.7%.
For 2011 as a whole, factory revenues for the worldwide external disk storage systems market grew 10.6% to $23.5 billion year over year. The total disk storage systems market, which includes the server market, grew by 8.2% to $31.1 billion in 2011 compared to 2010.
But it was the amount of capacity on those disk storage systems that skyrocketed in the last quarter. In the fourth quarter, vendors shipped more than 6.2 petabytes, or 22.4% more capacity year over year.
"The external disk storage systems market ended 2011 with strong year-over-year revenue growth that helped to push the market to 10.6% growth for the entire year," said Liz Conner, IDC's senior research analyst for storage systems.
Conner said market growth was driven by emerging markets in regions including China, Brazil, Russia, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Mature areas such as Western Europe and the U.S. saw growth soften as their economies entered the recession recovery phase.
Fourth-quarter growth was not hampered by flooding in Thailand that occurred in August through October of last year, as supplies had yet to be affected. Floods temporarily shut down as much as 75% of drive-leader Western Digital production. The impact of the floods will be felt more in the first quarter of 2012, IDG said.
"The enterprise storage market is expected to start feeling the brunt of this shortage in 2012, resulting in minimal impact on the fourth quarter and 2011 as a whole," Conner said.
In 2011, EMC and Hewlett-Packard led the market for total disk storage systems revenue with 21.5% and 18.5% of the market, respectively. They were followed by IBM with 15.4% and Dell with 11.4%.
In the fourth quarter, EMC maintained its lead in external disk storage systems with a 29.4% revenue share. IBM held on to second place with a 15.2% market share, followed by NetApp with 11.2% and HP with 10.3% market shares. Hitachi ended the quarter in fifth place, with 9.2%.
The total open networked disk storage market (NAS Combined with Open/iSCSI SAN) grew 9.6% year over year in the fourth quarter to $5.6 billion in revenues. EMC also maintained its lead there with a 32.6% revenue share, followed by IBM with a 14.6%.
The NAS market declined 1.2% year over year, led by EMC with a 48.8% revenue share and followed by NetApp with 29.4%.
Dell's lead in the iSCSI SAN market continues, which show strong growth with 16.6% revenue growth compared to the prior year's quarter. Dell was followed by EMC in second and HP in third with 20.4% and 12.8% market shares, respectively.
High-end storage systems, those with an average selling price of $250,000 or more, met expected seasonal trends with the highest quarter-over- quarter growth in revenue.
"The share of high-end storage systems increased from 28.2% in 2010 to 30.0% in 2011. This increase was most notable outside the United States," said IDC analyst Amita Potnis. "Drivers for this increase include economic recovery, storage consolidation, and data center build-up and upgrades."
Lucas Mearian covers storage, disaster recovery and business continuity, financial services infrastructure and health care IT for Computerworld. Follow Lucas on Twitter at @lucasmearian or subscribe to Lucas's RSS feed . His e-mail address is firstname.lastname@example.com .
See more by Lucas Mearian on Computerworld.com .
Read more about storage in Computerworld's Storage Topic Center.


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VIDEO GAMES LIVE! Concert Comes to bergenPAC Tonight
Video Games Live is an immersive concert event featuring music from the most popular video games of all times in a truly multimedia environment.Top orchestras & choirs perform along with exclusive video footage and music arrangements, synchronized lighting, solo performers, electronic percussionists, live action and unique interactive segments to create an explosive entertainment experience!This is a concert event put on by the video game industry to help encourage and support the culture and art that video games have become. Video Games Live bridges a gap for entertainment by exposing new generations of music lovers and fans to the symphonic orchestral experience while also providing a completely new and unique experience for families and/or non-gamers. The show is heralded and enjoyed by the entire family. It's the power & emotion of a symphony orchestra mixed with the excitement and energy of a rock concert and the technology and interactivity of a video game all completely synchronized to amazing cutting edge video screen visuals, state-of-the-art lighting and special on-stage interactive segments with the audience. Video Games Live, created and produced by industry veteran and world famous video game composer Tommy Tallarico, quickly became the biggest and most popular game concert in the world. The debut performance was launched on July 6th, 2005 at the world famous Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles with the LA Philharmonic.Over 11,000 people attended making it the biggest video game concert in the world. Most of the game music played (Halo, Sonic, Metal Gear Solid, Mario, Zelda, Warcraft, Tomb Raider, Myst, Kingdom Hearts, Tron, God of War, EverQuest II, Medal of Honor, Headhunter, Beyond Good & Evil, Advent Rising, etc.) had never been performed live.
Video Games Live! plays tonight, November 29th at 8 pm. Tickets are $89, $69, $49, $39. Tickets available at: www.ticketmaster.com or www.bergenpac.org or call the Box Office (201) 227 1030. bergenPAC is located at 30 North Van Brunt Street, Englewood, NJ.
Founded in 2003, the 1,367-seat Bergen Performing Arts Center, or bergenPAC, is the area's cultural mecca. Housed in a historic Art Deco-style theater boasting one of the finest acoustic halls in the United States, bergenPAC attracts a stellar roster of world-class entertainment. The jewel in our crown is The Performing Arts School at bergenPAC – the innovative, educational performing arts initiative that reaches more than 30,000 students annually. The Performing Arts School provides community youth, age 2 months to 21 years, with unique, "hands-on" training in music, dance and theater by industry professionals. It is through the ongoing generosity of sponsors, donors and patrons that the not-for-profit 501 (c)(3) corporation bergenPAC and The Performing Arts School are able to thrive and enrich our community.For updates, "like" bergenPAC on Facebook and follow bergenPAC on Twitter.


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Difference between revisions of "2009 Lecture 13"
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** collagen fibrils form lateral Interactions of triple helices
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Collagen Biosynthesis
Collagen Biosynthesis
Revision as of 23:06, 27 April 2009
- 1 Extracellular Matrix 1
- 2 Introduction
- 3 ECM Function
- 4 ECM Structure
- 5 Shapes and Sizes ECM molecules
- 6 Collagen
- 7 Collagen Components
- 8 Collagen Diseases
- 9 Elastin
- 10 Proteoglycans
- 11 History
- 12 References
- 13 Links
Extracellular Matrix 1
This lecture introduces the materials lying outside the cell, known collectively as the extracellular matrix (ECM). There is no one matrix though, with different tissues having their own specific ECM, which may be dynamic or static in structure. In particular the ECM has significant roles in normal tissue development, function and disease. This matrix is manufactured by cells, secreted and modified outside the cell by several different enzymes.
This first lecture introduces the ECM and describes the major fiber (fibre) and matrix components, the second lecture will cover the major ECM glycoproteins and experimental studies of ECM function.
- Spelling - UK sulphate, US sulfate ; UK fibre, US fiber
Lecture Audio
- The University has a system for automated recording of lectures called Lectopia. Lectopia requires login using your student number and unipass. I will be adding the link to each iLecture Audio following the Lecture. Due to the automated recording method, most lectures begin 4-5 minutes into MP3 recordings and occasionally stop before the end of the lecture.
(MH - note that content will not match exactly current lecture structure but has been selected as having similar content)
- 2008 ANAT3231 Lecture 12/13 Extracellular matrix 1 slide/page (view only) 55 pages, 1.5 Mb | 4 slides/page 14 pages, 740 Kb | 6 slides/page 7 pages, 711 Kb) | slides text 7 pages, 132 Kb
ECM Function
- Support for cells
- Pattern of ECM regulates
- polarity
- cell division
- adhesion
- motility
- Development
- migration
- differentiation
- growth factors
ECM Features
- stable and able to be reorganised?
- different for different tissues
19-61. How the extracellular matrix could, in principle, propagate order from cell to cell within a tissue
ECM Structure
- Glycoproteins
- Fibers
- Collagen- main fibers
- Elastin
- Hydrated Matrix
- Proteoglycans
- high carbohydrate
- Adhesive
- Laminin
- Fibronectin
Shapes and Sizes ECM molecules
- Figure 19-59. The comparative shapes and sizes of some of the major extracellular matrix macromolecules
- Note the relative size and differential contribution of protein (green) and glycosaminoglycan (red)
- tensile strength and elasticity
- Tendons
- Cartilage
- Bone
- half total body proteins (by weight)
Collagen Components
- Insoluble glycoprotein
- protein + carbohydrate
- high glycine and 2 modified amino acids
- hydroxylysine
- hydroxyproline
- (gly-X-Y)n
- glucose
- galactose
Collagen Structure
Collagen Protein
- 3 polypeptide (a) chains
- left hand helix, forms fibers
- many different (vertebrate) collagens by different combinations of a-chains
- Type I, II, III
- main fibers, flexible
- Type I
- bone, skin, tendons
- 90% of all collagen
- Type II
- cartilage
Collagen Fibers
- Type I, II, III cross striated
- e.g. tendons - type I fibrils, have a 67-nm period striations and are oriented longitudinally (direction of the stress)
- showing overlapping packing of individual collagen molecules
- reticular fibres type III, support individual cells
- Type IV fine unstriated
- sheet-like supportive meshwork
- mature basal laminae
- tracks for embryonic migration
- barriers for cell migration
- Type V-XII
- smaller diameter fibers than I-III
- no striations
Collagen Fibers Collagen Non-striated
Collage Interactions
Collagen fibril types can interact with a variety of non-fibrous collagen types (microfiber)
- fibrous collagens—types I, II, III, and V
- Cartilage - types II (fiber) and IX collagen microfibrils
- Tendons - type I fibrils bound and linked by type VI microfibrils.
Interactions of fibrous and nonfibrous collagens
Collagen Type Functions
- Collagen Type I - skin, tendon, vascular, ligature, organs, bone (main component of bone)
- Collagen Type II - cartilage (main component of cartilage)
- Collagen Type III - reticular fibers with type I.
- Collagen Type IV - forms bases of cell basement membrane
MH - You do not need to know the protein table below in detail, just the major type/functions show above.
Collagen Proteins
|Collagen type
|Organization in tissues (where known)
|Fibrils in tendon, bone, skin, cornea and blood vessel walls
|Chu et al., 1982
|Myers et al., 1981
|Fibrils in cartilage
|Miller and Matukas, 1969
|Forms heterotypic fibrils with type I collagen
|Cameron et al., 2002
|Network in basement membrane
|Timpl and Brown, 1996; Timpl et al., 1981
|Forms heterotypic fibrils with type I
|Birk, 2001
|Fine microfibrils with ubiquitous distribution (distinct from fibrillin-
|Kielty et al., 1992
|containing microfibrils
|Forms anchoring fibrils in skin at the dermal/epidermal junction
|Keene et al., 1987
|(basement membrane)
|3D hexagonal lattice in Descemet's membrane in the eye
|Kapoor et al., 1986; Kapoor et al., 1988;
|Stephan et al., 2004
|Associated with type II collagen fibrils
|Olsen, 1997; Shimokomaki et al., 1990
|Mat-like structure/hexagonal lattice in the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate
|Kwan et al., 1991
|Forms heterotypic fibrils with type II
|Mendler et al., 1989
|Associated with type I fibrils
|Keene et al., 1991; Nishiyama et al., 1994;
|Zhang et al., 2003
|Transmembrane and possibly involved in cell adhesion
|Latvanlehto et al., 2003
|Associated with type I fibrils
|Young et al., 2000b; Young et al., 2002
|Specialized basement membranes, cleaved to produce antiangiogenic
|Myers et al., 1996; Ramchandran et al.,
|fragment (restin)
|Component of specialized fibrillin-rich microfibrils in skin and type II
|Kassner et al., 2003
|collagen fibrils in cartilage
|Transmembrane component of hemidesmosomes (cell-cell junctions), which
|Hopkinson et al., 1998
|attach epidermis to basement membrane in skin
|Cleaved to produce antiangiogenic fragment (endostatin)
|Sasaki et al., 1998
|Radially distributed aggregates formed by association at one end in vitro
|Myers et al., 2003
|May be associated with type I collagen fibrils
|Koch et al., 2001
|May be fibril associated, widespread expression pattern
|Fitzgerald and Bateman, 2001
|Located in specific tissue junctions and may be associated with microfbrils
|Koch et al., 2004
|Transmembrane collagen identified in cell culture
|Banyard et al., 2003
|Expressed in tissues containing type I collagen
|Koch et al., 2003
|Transmembrane collagen, cleaved form present in Alzheimer' amyloid plaques in neurons
|Hashimoto et al., 2002
- Table modified from Canty EG, Kadler KE. Procollagen trafficking, processing and fibrillogenesis. J Cell Sci. 2005 Apr 1;118(Pt 7):1341-53. Review. PMID: 15788652 | JCS Link
Collagen Synthesis
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- mRNA attached to ER
- protein synthesized into ER lumen
- cotranslational and post-translational modifications
- 3 proto-a-chains form soluble procollagen
- moved to golgi apparatus
- Golgi Apparatus
- packed into secretion vesicles
- fuse with membrane
- Outside Cell
- procollagen processed by enzymes outside cell
- assemble into collagen fibers
- collagen fibrils form lateral Interactions of triple helices
Collagen Biosynthesis
Collagen Diseases
Collagen Diseases - Excess
- fibrosis
- lung- pulmonary fibrosis
- overproduction of collagen I
- liver- over consumption of alcohol
- arteries- atherosclerosis
Collagen Diseases - Insufficient
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- rubber-man
- skin and tendons easily stretched
- contortionists often suffer from this disease
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- brittle-bone syndrome
- mutation in Type I procollagen
- fail to assemble triple helix
- degrade imperfect collagen
- Leads to fragile bones
- Scurvy
- dietary Vitamin C deficiency
- needed for hydroxylation
- Proline -> Hydroxyproline
- form too few hydrogen bonds in collagen
- skin, bone, teeth weakness and malformation
- blood vessels weakened, bleeding
- Atopic dermatitis (AD)
- chronic inflammatory skin disorder and a major manifestation of allergic disease
- mutation in collagen XXIX (COL29A1) gene
- elastin and elastic fibres
- uncoils into an extended conformation when the fiber is stretched
- recoils spontaneously as soon as the stretching force is relaxed
Elastic fibers are composed of a core of cross-linked elastin embedded within a peripheral mantle of microfibrils.
- may regulate assembly and organization of elastic fibers by acting as a scaffold
- guiding tropoelastin deposition
- aggregates of threadlike filaments
- periodically spaced globular domains (beads) connected by multiple linear arms
- beaded structure is parallel fibrillin monomers aligned head-to-tail
- fibulin-5 induces elastic fiber assembly and maturation by organizing tropoelastin and cross-linking enzymes onto microfibrils PMID: 17371835
Elastin Structure
- protein Mr 64 to 66 kDa
- composed of the amino acids glycine, valine, alanine, and proline
- cross-linked tropoelastin monomers
- first secreted as soluble precursors (tropoelastin)
- assembly and crosslinking of tropoelastin monomers
- form insoluble elastin matrix into functional fibres
- lysine residues in the cross-linking domain of secreted tropoelastin rapidly cross-linked (both inter- and intra-molecularly by lysyl oxidase)
- hydrophobic segments - elastic properties
- α-helical segments (alanine- and lysine-rich) - form cross-links between adjacent molecules
- See also is an elastin-binding protein
Elastin Function
- structural integrity and function of tissues
- requiring reversible extensibility or deformability
- high levels in tissues that require elasticity
- lung, skin, major blood vessels
Elastin Disorders
- consist of protein (~5%) and polysaccharide chain (~95%)
- form a gel to embed the fibril network
- Golgi apparatus - GAG disaccharides are added to protein cores to form proteoglycans
- 10% by weight but fill most of space
- unbranched polysaccharide chains
- disaccharide subunits
- amino sugar
Glycosaminoglycans (Gags)
Five types
- Hyaluronan (or hyaluronic acid) main glycosaminoglycan in connective tissue
- high molecular weight (~ MW 1,000,000 )
- length of about 2.5 µm hyaluronan i
- "backbone" for the assembly of other glycosaminoglycans
- Hyaluronan is also a major component of the synovial fluid, which fills joint cavities, and the vitreous body of the eye.
- Other 4 major glycosaminoglycans
- chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate, keratan sulphate and heparan sulphate (UK sulphate, US sulfate)
- attach through core and link proteins to hyaluronic acid backbone
Proteoglycan Function
- trap water
- resistant to compression
- return to original shape
- occupy space
- link to collagen fibers
- form network
- in bone combined with calcium hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate
- produce a "cell-free" space
- for cell proliferation and migration into
- heart, cornea
- in areas of compression
- tissues, joints
Hyaluronan Synthesis
- differs from other GAG synthesis
- synthesized at plasma membranes
- nascent chains directly extruded into ECM
Cell adhesion
embryonic migration
Proteoglycan- Disease
- Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) - Hurler disease
- lysosomal storage disease, is associated with an altered elastic matrix
- excess heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate
- Cancer development
- altered types and kinds of proteoglycans formed by cells
- normal cells -> malignant
- Arthritis
- Cartilage breakdown (cartilage erosion)
- chondrocytes elicit a catabolic response which exceeds anabolism of new matrix molecules
- Degrade proteoglycan (aggrecan)
- Also a mouse model generates antibodies to proteogycan
Below are some example historical research finding related to cell junctions from the JCB Archive.
1978 Basal lamina instructs innervation Joshua Sanes and Jack McMahan show that regenerating nerve axons take their cues for new synapse formation from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of muscle cells and not from the muscle cells themselves.
Essential Cell Biology
- Essential Cell Biology Chapter 19 p594-604
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter New York and London: Garland Science; c2002
- Molecular Biology of the Cell 4th ed. - V. Cells in Their Social Context Chapter 19. Cell Junctions, Cell Adhesion, and the Extracellular Matrix
- The Extracellular Matrix of Animals
Molecular Cell Biology
Lodish, Harvey; Berk, Arnold; Zipursky, S. Lawrence; Matsudaira, Paul; Baltimore, David; Darnell, James E. New York: W. H. Freeman & Co.; c1999
- Molecular Cell Biology - Chapter 22. Integrating Cells into Tissues
- Cell-Matrix Adhesion
The Cell- A Molecular Approach
Cooper, Geoffrey M. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc.; c2000
- The Cell- A Molecular Approach
- The Cell - A Molecular Approach - III. Cell Structure and Function Chapter 12. The Cell Surface
- The Extracellular Matrix
Essentials of Glycobiology, 2nd ed.
Varki, A.; Cummings, R.D.; Esko, J.D.; Freeze, H.H.; Stanley, P.; Bertozzi, C.R.; Hart, G.W.; Etzler, M.E., editors Plainview (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2008
Search Online Textbooks
- "extracellular matrix" Molecular Biology of the Cell | Molecular Cell Biology | The Cell- A molecular Approach | Bookshelf
- "collagen" Molecular Biology of the Cell | Molecular Cell Biology | The Cell- A molecular Approach | Bookshelf
- "elastin" Molecular Biology of the Cell | Molecular Cell Biology | The Cell- A molecular Approach | Bookshelf
- "glycosaminoglycan" Molecular Biology of the Cell | Molecular Cell Biology | The Cell- A molecular Approach | Bookshelf
- PubMed is a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine that includes over 18 million citations from MEDLINE and other life science journals for biomedical articles back to 1948. PubMed includes links to full text articles and other related resources. PubMed
- PubMed Central (PMC) is a free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the National Library of Medicine (NLM) allowing all users free access to the material in PubMed Central. PMC
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a comprehensive compendium of human genes and genetic phenotypes. The full-text, referenced overviews in OMIM contain information on all known mendelian disorders and over 12,000 genes. OMIM
- Entrez is the integrated, text-based search and retrieval system used at NCBI for the major databases, including PubMed, Nucleotide and Protein Sequences, Protein Structures, Complete Genomes, Taxonomy, and others Entrez
Search Pubmed
- "extracellular matrix" Entrez all databases
- "collagen" Entrez all databases
- "elastin" Entrez all databases
- "glycosaminoglycan" Entrez all databases
- "proteoglycan" Entrez all databases
- note the spelling differences when carrying out other related ECM searches: UK sulphate, US sulfate ; UK fibre, US fiber
Canty EG, Kadler KE. Procollagen trafficking, processing and fibrillogenesis. J Cell Sci. 2005 Apr 1;118(Pt 7):1341-53. Review. PMID: 15788652 JCS Link
- Hay ED. The extracellular matrix in development and regeneration. An interview with Elizabeth D. Hay. Int J Dev Biol. 2004;48(8-9):687-94. No abstract available. PMID: 15558460
- Hay ED. Extracellular matrix. J Cell Biol. 1981 Dec;91(3 Pt 2):205s-223s. Review. No abstract available. PMID: 6172429
- Sandberg LB, Soskel NT, Leslie JG. Elastin structure, biosynthesis, and relation to disease states. N Engl J Med. 1981 Mar 5;304(10):566-79. Review. PMID: 7005671
- Wagenseil JE, Mecham RP. New insights into elastic fiber assembly. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2007 Dec;81(4):229-40. Review. PMID: 18228265
- Sandberg LB, Soskel NT, Leslie JG. Elastin structure, biosynthesis, and relation to disease states. N Engl J Med. 1981 Mar 5;304(10):566-79. Review.
- Synthesis animated cartoon
- Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that has been linked to the FBN1 gene on chromosome 15. FBN1 encodes a protein called fibrillin
Next Lecture: Extracellular Matrix 2 | Course Timetable


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Parable of An Unprofitable Steward©
The king had to go on a long journey. Before he departed he called his council of servants, who were permitted to speak frankly at all times to hear his charge. He entrusted the care of ten cities to one servant whose abilities he counted most. Similarly he left seven cities under the charge of one who was of the second in rank; and three with his servant with limited abilities. Lastly he left the care of a harbor town with a servant who was of very middling abilities.
Before he took leave he exhorted them to rise to the challenge so he may have cause for greater confidence in them in future. Thus he left.
After a long absence the king returned and called his servants to account. Each servant had done well except the one who was entrusted with the harbor town.
The servant excused himself saying he had the most difficult time since he not only had to hold the town from internal strife but also keep enemies from coming in. "I just held the town from ruin till you came. Now I deliver the town just as it was back to you. "
The king pointed to him the way other servants had gone and waged war with their neighbors and added territories twice as much.
The king stripped the harbor town from his hand and gave to his own son. The servant got very angry and said," Sire, in your absence what did he do? He merely sat on your throne.."
The king replied, " You are right. He just ruled as I would have. Under his watch all servants, excepting you, added to my kingdom. They proved they were kings in their own right. So they get to rule over their kingdoms from henceforth."
He ended saying," All you did was to conduct as a servant not to be found fault with. You cannot be of use to me. "
When you are expected to be like a king, the mindset of a servant will not do.
Posts Tagged 'business management'
A Parable
Posted in business management, tagged business management, delegating powers, executive ability, vision on April 4, 2008| Leave a Comment »
Parable of An Unprofitable Steward©


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Items where Department/School is "Research Facilities > Emerging Technologies Centre" and Year is 2005
Group by: Creators | Item Type | No Grouping
Number of items: 2.
Clayton, John and Gower, Beverley (2005) e-Learning Capability Development Fund: Open Source Courseware Initiative New Zealand: Final report. Project Report. Wintec, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Saravani, Sarah-Jane and Clayton, John (2005) Metadata: Its contribution to e-learning. In: 23rd Annual Tertiary IT Conference 2005, 7-9 September, 2005, Rotorua, New Zealand. (Unpublished)


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IT Communications and Infrastructure Solutions
Black Box Network Services is your single source for the latest in communications and infrastructure technologies.
With our broad portfolio of solutions, years of experience, and extensive technical support, Black Box Network Services can design, install, and maintain the right solutions for your business.
Technology Solutions Brochure
Solutions for corporate, education, federal, state and local government, healthcare, retail and hospitality, industrial, broadcast and transportation.Download


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ARTICLE I Name
The name of the organization shall be the Civil Service Advisory Council of the University of Illinois Springfield.
ARTICLE II Purpose
- To provide a medium for the passing of ideas and information between employees, and employee groups to the Senior Director of Human Resources and to the Chancellor;
- To represent civil service employees to campus administration and to advise the Chancellor in the formation and implementation of policies and procedures relating to civil service employees;
- To study and make recommendations regarding campus conditions of employment, problems, and needs either at the request of the campus administration, at the request of civil service employees, or upon its own initiative;
- To study and make recommendations regarding pertinent topics, upon request or upon its own initiative, to the Campus Director of Human Resources, the Chancellor, the University Civil Service Advisory Committee to the Merit Board, and the Advisory Committee to the State University Retirement System.
ARTICLE III Membership and Qualifications
- Any status civil service employee shall be eligible for membership on the Staff Advisory Council following the initial hiring probationary period.
- Membership of the full Council shall be composed of fifteen (15) representatives elected by the staff, plus special group representatives.
- Council members shall be elected for two-year terms, with eight representatives being elected in even years, and seven representatives being elected in odd years.
- Any elected member who is absent from three regularly scheduled meetings of the Council without notifying, in advance, one of the Officers and without having a valid excuse, as determine by the Officers, is automatically dropped from membership on the Council. A replacement will be appointed according to the Bylaws.
- There may be non-voting representatives from special groups as determined by the Officers. Each year the Officers shall review the special groups to be represented on the Council for the next Council year. Decisions about additions and deletions may be made at any time.
ARTICLE IV Officers
- The Officers shall be: President, Vice President, Secretary, and Treasurer.
- The Officers shall be elected from the fifteen employee elected representatives.
ARTICLE V Election of Officers
- Names shall be placed in nomination by the voting members at the July Council meeting. A ballot shall be prepared by the Officers prior to the August Council meeting. Officers shall be elected by secret ballot at the August Council meeting. The Senior Director of Human Resources (or his/her designee) shall preside at the election and all elected members shall cast a ballot. In the case of a tie, another vote will be taken after discussion. Should a tie still exist, the Senior Director of Human Resources will draw to break the tie.
- Term of office shall be one (1) year.
- In case of a vacancy of office, the full Council shall elect a replacement from the current members of the Council. The presiding officer shall notify the Council of the reason for the vacancy in the office and shall cause the position to be filled by election at the next scheduled Council meeting. Election shall be conducted by secret ballot as outlined in Article V, Section 1 above. The person elected to office will serve until the annual election of Officers is held at the August Council meeting.
ARTICLE VI Amendments
Any member of the Council may propose an amendment to the Constitution and Bylaws of the Council by presenting it in writing at any regular meeting. The proposed amendment shall be submitted to the President who shall assume responsibility of informing all members of the Council of the proposed change. The amendment shall be placed upon the agenda of the next regular meeting for discussion. It will then be voted on at the following meeting, and shall be adopted, if approved by a majority of the Council members.


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For some it is enough for a rug to just lie on the floor and look great. Our aim is to transcend superficial attractiveness and to touch people more deeply than with only color and design. We believe that in a world of mass-produced and mechanically flawless products, what people really want to live with are a few great things that speak to them through their exquisite materials, and the subtle variations created by the human hand. Tufenkian Carpets stand alongside the best of those, but promise much more.
We promise a deeper connection that comes from appreciation of the extreme levels of hand craftsmanship invested in our products, and the Tufenkian values and practices that underlie their creation.


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US Open Focus Again on Tiger Woods
Whether he likes it or not Tiger Woods is still the face of golf despite not winning a major tournament for a few years. Woods, Phil Mickelson and Bubba Watson is the pairing that will receive the most attention in the first and 2nd rounds of the U.S. Open beginning Thursday at the Olympic Club in San Francisco. Tiger is coming off a win at the Memorial and seems to be playing his best golf in years. Mickelson is still a factor and Bubba Watson is a young emerging star coming off winning the Masters in April. The 3-some will tee off at 9:33am (CT) today.


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Netflix Talks a Little Trash About the Competition
Netflix turned in a Q4 that beat Wall Street's expectations, and it's basking in the results as investors bid up its shares by more than 25 percent. That's a much better story for Reed Hastings and company than some of its recent quarters, where things went pretty much the other direction.
As always, Hastings's quarterly shareholder letter has all sorts of interesting tidbits about the company, including the fact that it's considering raising debt to finance more original productions like "House of Cards," which debuts February 1.
Hastings also brings up an idea the company has been discussing quietly with would-be content partners: The new stuff that Netflix pays for doesn't have to come in conventional TV time increments, which means a sitcom could be 40 minutes long or 12 minutes long, instead of the standard 22, etc.
But based on the visual evidence, what Hastings really wants us to pay attention to is what he considers a big advantage over his competition: A much bigger video catalog.
In the past, Hastings has made respectful comments about the likes of Amazon and Hulu Plus, which offer their own video subscription services. And he does that again this time around.
But then he also points out the results of the survey his company conducted, where it looked to see how many of its most popular movies and TV shows were available at Amazon, Hulu and the recently launched Redbox/Verizon service.
You can't miss the results, because he's displayed them in a giant graphic:
That one doesn't require much translation, but just to be clear, here goes: You know how people like to complain about the selection on Netflix? Well, take a look at the other guys. Perhaps that's why we have more than 30 million paying subscribers, and the other guys don't seem to be anywhere in sight.
Hastings's earnings calls are often entertaining/informative as well. So I'll listen in there and report back if there's anything worth noting.


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Hunts and Such
Posted by Chic Aeon in freebies on Tuesday, March 31, 2009
The Gone Fishing Hunt is starting April 1. The starting location is here. There appear to be over 110 stops on the tour with some high numbers adults only.
And after this I get a bit confused :D The note card available at the starting point gives several locations. The instruction note card says you need a fishing pole and either type of 7 seas pole will work. So if you have a pole you are set.
MEANWHILE, Shabby Chic put out a notice about this hunt and there were fish plaques to search for downstairs. I came, I found, I gathered some nice things there including the dress above from Ella's Victorian Fashion and a really lovely antique oil lamp from LONDINIUM FURNITURE.
This brown suit from Deadwool (most likely for guys) also came from the fish plaques downstairs at Shabby Chic.
So, even if you don't fish, you might want to go searching for some plaques. I'm guessing it will all become clear with some more blog posts from people associated with the hunt??? We can hope.
The Spring is in the Air hunt also starts tomorrow (midnight - 12 AM whatever). The big news there is that it is filled with GUY stuff. Half of the vendors have things for the less than fairer sex and that is BIG news. Gals of course often wear the guy stuff so that works too.
The website for the Spring is in the Air hunt is here. I'm not sure where the official starting point is, but you can of course start anywhere in the train :D . Many of the vendors SLURLs are listed in the sidebar.
So good luck with the hunting and gathering. I think I'll be taking a break, but I am sure there are some wonderful places to discover.
Je t'aime - Fashion
Je t'aime is well known for its leather and latex. The new designs come in a rainbow of colors. I showed you some of the Party Pack in sunny yellow in my previous post, and here we have the blood red version. Dark and mysterious, the color calls to passion. The new outfits all come in the same rainbow of colors so are perfect for mixing and matching.
Not everything is latex and leather of course. This lovely sheer lace dress comes with many many options of how much to show. I chose somewhere near but not quite the "hottest" designation. Well why not? It is a lovely Spring yellow and I picked it up at the lucky chair next to the Leather and Latex store. There are lucky chairs all around the sim including some with guy stuff.
And for those of you that want to try out the new designs, you can find the undies and bra top in a lovely copper color for a Linden in the center of the Leather and Latex store. The donation goes to RFL. Wear it as undies or as swimwear if you want to show off a bit.
Oh, and there is a MENS department starting in the underground. Go to the middle of the sim and take the escalator down.
Je t'aime - A New Sim
Posted by Chic Aeon in shopping
Je t'aime has a new sim. It is grand and opulent, charming and serene. It is experience shopping. Like many content creator at Phil's Mascha Boa dreams big. Her dreams are coming true in this labor of love build, and with 53 new items on the wall, yours can too. Shown here is just a small part of th Leather & Latex Party Fatpack in sunny yellow. Find it in the Leather and Latex building. Use the teleport board near the land point if you don't feel like exploring. Me? I'll take the short walk and enjoy.
I spent a delightful morning with Mascha Boa touring the new area, talking business and the like. The sim felt bigger than the regulation size. Perhaps it is because there is so much to see. One edge hosts a bathing beach with some impressive sand over cobblestone effects. The shops facing this area are about swimwear -- ah the logic. Many of the shops are empty now, but don't look for rental signs; they are space for future Je t'aime releases.
There is a RFL vendor marketplace set up in one corner of the sim. Mascha is a big believer in charities and you will see RFL vendors sprinkled liberally around the sim with her best selling items.
A major portion of the sim is taken up with a palace, a baroque Hofburg replica to be exact. It is huge and includes a ballroom and even a parade "dance floor" for horses. Oh my. Some lacy dress vendors grace the walls in part, but mostly it is waiting for an occasion -- a grand one.
The Fashion of Je t'aime continues HERE.
Time for an addendum and some additions. Last night I was blogging JILL, a new find -- for me anyway. It turns out that the boxes weren't completely opening. Like NO prims in some cases. So this morning when I went to clean up my inventory like a good girl I found that there was MUCH more to one of the outfits I blogged than I thought. So, HERE is part of the outfit called Chocolate from JILL and it is a free one on the wall near the main entrance. I liked it before; I love it now. Shown with pearls from Sister Strawberry -- part of an outfit that includes a dress (wink) available now at her shop.
Shoes by Adam and Eve, Pose by LAP.
I visited ((fine)) a couple of days ago on the Bunny Hop hunt. It's a nice shop with one of those "can you get there from here" TP points. To be fair, when I went back -- by accident actually -- I found that the carrots that seemingly lead away from the shop, lead TO a teleport board. That's great when the graphics are rezzing. Constant blurry TP boards are pretty much of no use.
ANYWAY, rant over. So I was there again last night with things working better and found some extra goodies that are not part of the hunt. The egg of course when I found it had the same prize. DUH. Sometimes you can just be places and not know you have been. The necklace above is in a box near the entrance and is an opening present. It goes really well with the black Discord dress from the lucky chairs. I finally scored my own!
Here is the thigh belt from the egg at ((fine)). And below is the very nice and immanently useful brown belt opening gift. Find it next to the necklace. It is sure to fill a place in your wardrobe. So many possibilities. It has large brass links in the back so it's not just another belt (wink).
That's the morning wrap up. Enjoy the day.
Hardly Just Jill
There are few things more exciting for a blogger -- at least for me -- than having serendipity step in and lead to a "discovery" of a designer. They don't need to be new, just new to me and of course in blogger land, that means not on the blogs or feeds. So an undiscovered gem so to speak. Or perhaps just someone I overlooked.
I felt that way when I first started blogging Ivey (Sn@tch) long ago, when I discovered MALT and now with Jill. I'm not sure exactly what makes a designer's work speak to me. Partly it is simplicity and line, partly perceived comfort -- something I would like to wear in RL. There are simply tons of talented folks out there. And some unfortunately are not in the spotlight they deserve.
The two black and white outfits above are new group gifts that can be found in the archives. What a pleasant surprise! Yeah.
So I was thrilled to find the shop as well as all the free examples -- both group and off the wall freebies. I love the little charcoal suit in the top picture. It comes with two pairs of stocking and there are many, many stockings on the wall inside the main shop for free. The zip up jacket above comes in a version for guys also. It is a group vendor gift.
This very cute Springy top is a free item. Find it along with all those stocking inside the doorway of the main shop. There are so many enticing things here, so take a bit of time and look around.
The group gift area is here, outside the main shop in a separate building.
Poses by LAP and Vain, shoes by Juicy, Hair by Amacci.
Dark Eden Camp Roses
Reading that Dark Eden has brand new items in their camping flowers, Benicia and I went over and chatted for a bit while we sat. This necklace and earring set is a 30 minute camp. The items are mod.
And these rustic boots are in the brown rose camp chair across the way. Sit for 45 minutes . Boots are of course available for purchase in a variety of colors. Now these are big boots but they resized down easily. I am thinking they would work swimmingly for fellows. They have giant invisiprims on the show area so there is no problem with a too wide foot showing through.
And if you get really attached to the rose chairs, I noticed that you can now buy them in a variety of colors (I think it is a fat pack) not far from the vendors for the boots.
Hop - Hop - Hop Hunting 6
Posted by Chic Aeon in freebies on Sunday, March 29, 2009
Here's a quick late night show and tell for your hunting preview. It's an evening of girlie stuff that makes you want to cuddle those bunnies and smile.
This complete outfit comes from Tyranny (#90) -- pink flats and all. The pose shown is from kialabon ( # 236)
This super colorful backpack comes from Boof (#81). A hand held egg filled basket is also in the gift.
What's in YOUR tote bag, eh? Well if it's this cute straw and lace version from Lauwarme, it comes complete with plenty of "stuff". Ah the authenticity :D .
And from amplify (#237) comes a pair of resizeable (for guys too maybe and kids for sure) bunny trimmed slip on tennis shoes.
Fantastic and Free
I've been checking the chairs from time to time at **Phonix Design**and**FireFall** . This afternoon was THE time and not only did I TP in Benicia to get the great outfit you see above, the same chair (one of four) turned into a "C". Woot! So we are both decked out in period garb. I feel a bit like a Robin Hood follower and that is OK with me.
Each outfit comes with TONS of choices. Mine has a full skirt, undershirt, different collars -- you get the idea. The golden beauty comes with both brown and rust pieces plus all the accoutrement's, so it might take you a bit of time dressing should you win these, but the end result will be spectacular.
There are other items in the chairs of course including jewelry and skins and hair ornaments. These seem to be the stars of the show as far as I am concerned, so we are both very happy.
Need some femininity in your life without going over to the cutesy side of the street? This print mini by DCNY should fit the bill. It comes with two choices of skirts. This is the sculpty one which fit me perfectly. It is free for 48 hours starting a bit ago. It is only available at the main shop.
Pastel Sets - Peaches - $1
The new color of the Pastel Sets this week is called Peaches. Cami, bracelets and choker -- all for a buck until next week. Find them at the new Love Chic shop. Last week's color is now $10 in case you missed it.
Hop - Hop - Hop Hunting 5
Off Brand Furniture (#43) has this very entertaining accessory for your home. It's a tea cup. It's a bathtub. It's a sex palace -- well not really -- LOL, but it does have a "make out" pose included.
The water is color and texture change so your tea cup can look like coffee if you so desire. It says it will seat three, but I haven't tried that. I can guarantee that it's lots of fun. It fits perfectly in the free house I blogged earlier.
I had heard a lot about Sister Strawberry, but hadn't visited the shop. It's a small one with lots of eclectic goodies including some dollarbie furniture. This is the Bunny Hop gift. Easy to find in the middle of the room. Yeah! Very cute. Very girlie.
The basket I am carrying is from Candy Nail. It is on a counter across from the lucky boards. The EGG there is in a very unfriendly place not too far from the entrance. Many of us spent a very long time finding it. Even when someone told me where it was, it was difficult to find. If you don't know how to use your camera controls, you will not find it.
So --- NEXT stop is Forbidden Apple. I don't want the guys down the line to miss out here. So if you too got stuck at Candy Nail, go forth.
And while you are at Sister Strawberry, be sure and check the Lucky Board. This sweater set and mini are the current prize.
Newish News
There is a support your content creator wall with lots of dollarbies and some free things at the Starlust Motel lobby. Just walk through the crime scene tape -- it's a long story :D . There are other goodies too for a bit more money and a great sculpty unicorns in bed cake on the counter free to copy. So just explore. This is the free dress from KataOnik . It comes with the socks too.
This is the cutest tea kettle and steaming tea cup from Bettypage Voyager of the BP Shop.
Also, there is a lemon hunt at House of Heart - Bewitched. By the Lemons for $0. Some of the retailers have gifts out too in lemons.
You can get this couch as well as the boots for free a the Dominion Fashion District.
And speaking of couches, thanks to this post, I have new furniture in my abode. It's great as long as you like purple and I do. The kids beds are very cute too and would work for shorter gals.
Oh yes, the dress. You want to know about the DRESS you say! It's today's dollarbie from Lemania and called Eggplant Elegance.
Dark and Dangerous
I finally got my own version of the new outfit for guys (guys?) from Discord. I so love it. Shown with Mia Sofa Wild Woman hair from a Halloween Hunt.
Pose by Striking Poses.
And 300 folks clicked on the Midnight board at Dare Designs. As one of them, this is my reward. Leggings, lace nylons and lace undies also included. The set is called She-devil
Hair by Exxess, Pose by Vain
You too can have these for free. Just some waiting and clicking :D
Discord Lucky Chairs
Posted by Chic Aeon in freebies on Saturday, March 28, 2009
Discord has some new items in half of their lucky chairs. I noticed a group around them while egg hunting last eve and went back to see what was up after exiting egg hunt mode. While no "C"s came up, I got my friends over and they were thrilled.
The outfits come in various colors. I think the one above is supposed to be for guys, but it is super hot on Xia. She is tiny but didn't have to resize the skirt much. You could of course ad a bra top or shirt if you are more modest :D .
These are two colors of the ladies outfit. There is at least one more color in red. The outfit for men does have a tasteful logo on the back. If you haven't been to Discord, there are a ton of chairs -- maybe eight on each side. The far side with no one stalking (wink) is the older side and the side you come to first has these new items in it.
The chairs turn over fairly fast with people watching and the Bunny Hop going on. Don't forget to get that pretty teal dress while you are there. You will find it on the path between the TP point and the chairs. A GIANT egg but easy to miss while things rez.
Hop - Hop - Hop Hunting 4
For anyone reading this on a feed or alternate site, this is a show and tell of items found at the Bunny Hop hunt.
This cutie pie house comes from The Sea Hole (#4). I put the link to the shop here because last time I blogged a cute hunt house I had lots of folks writing. This will save us both time. It comes in pieces (house, roof, curtains) and you put it together on your lot. Pretty easy for even new folks I think. Not tons of prims as a lot is sculpty. I'm not sure if it would fit on a 512, but maybe. I rezzed in a sandbox.
And even if you don't need a colorful house to call your own, there is a couch included and those curtains could find a spot for some too I bet. The creativity here is obvious -- and appreciated. Maybe sometime soon I'll get a bigger spot and have some prims to spare. Meanwhile, it's going into my virtual storage truck.
Update: A friend got this and it has a automatic rez feature if you are on your own land and not the sandbox. Also it doesn't quite fit on a 512 but you can modify to fit or float it in the sky as needed. She loves it.
Teal daisies and lots of ruffles set the style for this KYO-JOU Obi dress by Discord (#12). It has a huge bow in back and a smaller one in front. I opted to go sans bow and added my Maitreya belt (not in hunt). Semi-sheer black patterned nylons ae included in the gift. It is in a HUGE egg that you can't miss. Just use the teleport board amidst all the effects (always disturbing to me, but hey) to get to the shop. Don't bump into that egg - LOL.
Pose by Vain.
On the Cover (#15) -- I shop I hadn't visited before (yeah) -- has a pose stool as its gift. There is only one pose, but it is a nice'un.
There are some problems along the way in this hunt. I found one egg with no LM even on opening the gift; I reported and hopefully it will be fixed soon. And last night I got stuck a LOT along with a bunch of other folks. So don't get too discouraged if you can't find the eggs. Some are apparently really well hidden. Not the best plan for a 300 stop hunt, so maybe some of the owners will make them a bit easier soon. In the meantime, remember there is a list at the hop website. You can always start over. I've been doing that a lot - LOL.
Hop - Hop - Hop Hunting 3
Posted by Chic Aeon in freebies on Friday, March 27, 2009
I wasn't trying to start at the beginning of the hunt when I TPed to Little Heaven. It's just one of my favorite stores so I suspected I would like was was offered there. Logic was prevailing this eve. It is, however the second stop on the hunt and there were plenty of folks running around with green egg baskets, so I am betting those came from the official starting place.
The outfit is a beautifully made sexy bunny suit, reminiscent of the Playboy Club. Even if you aren't into that look, there are plenty of pieces of the outfit that you could wear with other things. The fishnet nylons are some of the finest I've seen for example. And, ya never know when you'll be in the mood to play bunny.
This second picture has nothing to do with the Bunny Hop really, but I did find the attachment that makes this effect at Little Heaven. I was REALLY searching there and found some places I had never explored. If you go straight ahead at the entrance intersection (rather than left to hair and right to clothes) you can go through a door and up some stairs. You'll find this scripted attachment for sale for $0 on the wall all by itself. Perfect for next Halloween. I have no idea how this is done but it is pretty impressive.
Another great find on the hunt this eve was from Junk in the Trunk (#274). The gift there includes tank, jeans and these great boots (in sizes for kids too). The jeans while very nice don't exactly work with the boots as they are pants layer and can't be modded to be shorter, but they are nice all by themselves -- maybe with sandals. Actually they might be FINE for a smaller avatar. I may just be too big :D
The hair here is another color of the hunt hair from Tiny Bird. I found this super cute and classy rustic Hippy van on my travels tonight. I so love it. It looks like it is from Shade Fantasy Outfitters. Not part of the hunt of course (wink).
Hip - Hop- Hop Hunting: 2
Bounce (#182) has a bunny skin with animated ears and tail for you. It comes with a nose and whiskers too, but that was a bit toooooo bunnyescent for me.
And I am cheating now. I bet you are looking at those really really cool boots. No? They are from Bounce too and are free for a 45 minute sit. You have your choice of gray, red, or white. They are mod and I downsized the tops bit.
The very cute hair comes from Tiny Bird (#265). You get this color separately to try out and a fat pack of tons of colors if you decide it is you; what a great idea!
The pillow set with animations comes from Altamura Interior Design (#222).
Need a buddy? Well you've got one to carry with you if you pick up #184 from Acid & Mala. He's furry and friendly and comes with his own carrot. The hoodie comes in styles for guys and gals. The jeans are from WoE (#99) and are loose cut boyfriend jeans. There of course is a box for the guys. A dragon shirt is included also and a belt.
This retro purse with matching shoes (below) is one of several color choices in the #180 egg from Sentou Yousei (Battle Fairy). These would be great with black and white outfits, but I am losing steam here, so you get a slightly coordinated color photo :D . This dress not part of the hunt, sorry.
Get out there and gather. I am going to take a quick look at some lucky chairs and relax a bit.


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Product Dimensions (In.): H0.5 x W2 x D6.5 | Weight (Lbs): 0.21This vintage-inspired key is made from wrought iron and serves as a charming bottle opener. Add a ribbon and hang on a wall to give your kitchen a rustic farmhouse look.
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"I am disappointed that the Conference on the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) concluded its four-week-long session without agreement on a treaty text that would have set common standards to regulate the international trade in conventional arms," Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.
"The Conference's inability to conclude its work on this much-awaited ATT, despite years of effort of Member States and civil society from many countries, is a setback," SG Ban added.
Ending on Friday without agreement, the four-week long Conference brought together the UN's 193 Member States to negotiate what is seen as the most important initiative ever regarding conventional arms regulation within the United Nations. According to media reports, some countries had indicated they needed more time to consider the issues.
Despite the lack of agreement, in his statement, Mr. Ban said that he was encouraged that the ATT process was not over, with States having agreed to continue pursuing "this noble goal."
At the end of 2010, an estimated 27.5 million people were internally displaced as a result of conflict, while millions more have sought refuge abroad. In many cases, the armed violence that drove them from their homes was fuelled by the widespread availability and misuse of weapons.
In February, the heads of several UN agencies – including the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) – called for a comprehensive arms trade treaty that requires States to assess the risk that serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law may be committed with weapons being transferred; includes within its scope all conventional weapons, including small arms; and ensures that there are no loopholes by covering all types of transfers, including activities such as transit, trans-shipment, as wells as loans and leases.
Source: UN News Centre
The Brussels based United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe - UNRIC provides information on UN activities to the countries of the region. It also provides liaison with institutions of the European Union in the field of information. Its outreach activities extend to all segments of society and joint campaigns, projects and events are organized with partners including the EU, governments, the media, NGOs, schools and local authorities.
United Nations Regional Information Centre for Western Europe (UNRIC Brussels)
Residence Palace, Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 155, Block C2,7th and 8th floor, Brussels 1040, Belgium
Tel.: +32 2 788 8484 / Fax: 32 2 788 8485


text:
Ethan Allen Playground
Ethan Allen Park
Bounded by Cozine Avenue, New Jersey Avenue, Wortman Avenue, and Vermont Street, this playground is named for Ethan Allen (1738-1789), an American Revolutionary soldier, frontiersman, and Vermont folk hero. Most likely, the inspiration for the playground's name comes from its location on Vermont Street. Ethan Allen was born in Litchfield, Connecticut in 1738 to a backwoods farming family. Little is known of his early life other than that he was preparing for college when his father died in 1755, and that he served in the colonial forces during the French and Indian War (1754-1763).
Following the war, in 1769, Allen settled in the "New Hampshire Grants," an area claimed by both New Hampshire and New York, and which today constitutes the state of Vermont. Many settlers in the "New Hampshire Grants" were eager to establish their own state, independent of both New Hampshire and New York. In 1771, Allen joined with several of these disgruntled settlers to form the Green Mountain Boys. For four years, Allen and the Green Mountain Boys waged a guerilla war for independence against New Hampshire and New York, garnering much support from fellow settlers in the "Grants."
When news of the British assault against the militiamen of the towns of Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts arrived in 1775, Allen and the Green Mountain Boys turned their attention to the larger conflict. Following instructions from the Connecticut legislative assembly, he and his band joined with Continental Army forces, led by General Benedict Arnold (1741-1801), to assault the British at Fort Ticonderoga in upstate New York in May 1775. Together Allen and Arnold secured a stunning victory, taking the fort, in Allen's words, "in the name of the great Jehovah and the Continental Congress." Allen's military success did not last long, however. Four months later, the British captured the daring yet foolish guerrilla leader after he and the Green Mountain Boys attempted to take the British fortress at Montreal. Held prisoner for nearly three years, Allen was finally released in 1778.
In recognition of his service, the Continental Congress made Allen a brevet (wartime) colonel. Allen, however, refused to serve further in the American revolutionary forces, preferring to continue his work to secure independence for the "Grants." During his imprisonment, in January 1777, the "Grants" settlers had declared themselves to be the independent state of Vermont. Made a major general in the new Vermont militia in 1778, Allen began pressing the Continental Congress for recognition of Vermont's statehood. When Congress refused, he then entered into negotiations with the British, hoping to secure separate status for Vermont within the British Empire. The Treaty of Paris in 1783, however, ruined these plans. Vermont would have to wait until 1790 to become a state within the United States of America. Allen did not live to see this, unfortunately. He died on his farm in Burlington, Vermont in 1789.
Since 1962, Parks and the Board of Education have jointly operated this playground adjacent to Public School 306, or the Ethan Allen School. The playground itself opened in 1967, and was known simply as P.S. 306 Playground. In 1985, Parks dedicated the playground in honor of Ethan Allen. Eleven years later, City Council member Priscilla A. Wooten sponsored a $736, 000 renovation of the facility. Today, the playground offers something for everyone, with play equipment, basketball courts, handball courts, swings for tots, benches, a spray shower, drinking fountains, and a comfort station. At the center of the park, a flagpole flies the United States flag and a yardarm displays the flags of Parks and Recreation, and the City of New York.


text: Jennings Scale Company is known for their high quality and precision scales. They offer a wide selection of scales suitable for many environments. Prima Coffee specifically sought to carry Jennings for their precision and ability to disable the auto-off feature on their scales, making them perfect for manual coffee brewing.


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The tablet marker is plain, with a touching epitaph for Arthur M. Lindsey (d. 1849). Someday I will return to get a better photo—in the morning, when the sun will be shining on the face of his gravestone.
Son of Wm. &
Hannah Lindsey
died Apr. 17,
Aged 3 yrs. 6m.
& 27ds.
I take these little lamb
said he, And lay
them in my breast.
Protection they shall
find in me.
In me be ever blest.


text:
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Sara Evans Shares Picture of Herself Without Makeup
Sara Evans is simply beautiful — and no, we're not just referring to when she's on the red carpet, looking smashing in a glitzy dress and perfect makeup. Recently, the singer took a chance and shared this picture of herself without a drop of foundation or mascara on her face.
"I'm being brave and posting a picture of me without makeup!" Evans told her hundreds of thousands of Facebook fans.
And she turned major heads — in a good way. We're not sure how the 'Born to Fly' hitmaker expected her fans to react to seeing her au naturale, but they were quick to reassure her with more than 40,000 'likes' and encouraging comments.
Just glancing at the country star's self portrait, it's hard to believe that Evans is a 41-year-old mother (and stepmother) of seven! Perhaps it's her laid-back beach lifestyle which keeps her young? Oh, and that brood of kids.
We're guessing that the country songstress feels as youthful as she looks, too. Recently, she's been hinting to the press that she and her sports radio host husband Jay Barker are thinking about adding another kiddo to their already large family.
What do you think of Sara Evans' fresh-faced look? Should more stars make the 'leap' from makeup artists to bare beauty?