text:
Alberto Caprioli will direct a performance of Rossini's Petite messe
solennelle on July 23, 9.30pm at the Santuario della Beata Vergine delle
Grazie, Boccadirio di Castiglione Dei Pepoli (BO), Italy. Soloists Rosa
Picciotti, Claudia Marchi, Refat Lleshi and Francesco Medda will join the
Coro Claudio Merulo and the Orchestra Sinfonica Dell'Emilia Romagna Arturo
On July 24, 27 and 30, again at 9.30pm, you can hear the same orchestra
with the Coro del Teatro Regio di Parma and soloists from the Accademia
di canto Giuseppe Verdi in Verdi's La Traviata at the Villa
Pallavicino in Busseto (PR).
The Welsh composer Alun Hoddinott's 70th birthday this summer is to be
marked at the BBC Proms in London. His The sun, the great luminary of
the universe will be played on July 28 by the BBC National Symphony
Orchestra of Wales conducted by Tadaaki Otaka. Four Welsh Festivals also
honour Hoddinott this year: St David's Cathedral Festival; Swansea Gower
Festival, Presteigne Festival and St Asaph Festival.
McCabe is composer in residence at this year's Presteigne Festival (August 26 - 31) in the Border Marches
region between Wales and England. Also featured are the Vanbrugh Quartet
and prize-winning New Zealand pianist Stephen de Pledge. Contemporary works
by McCabe, Alun Hoddinott (as part of his 70th birthday celebrations), Gerald
Barry, Celia Harper, Rodney Sephen Newton, Graham Fitkin, Malcolm Arnold
and the Festival's founder Adrian Williams can be heard, as well as music
by Brahms and the romantics.
The 5th World Symposium on Choral Music, consisting of more than 50 concerts
and more than 100 workshops, takes place 7-14 July in Rotterdam. Info: www.snk.nl
Details of the imminent Messiaen Festival at la Grave in the French Alps
(21-24 July) are available at festival-messiaen.org/indexe.html . Highlights include performances
of Poèmes pour MI, Chants de Terre et de Ciel, Visions
de L'Amen and Stockhausen's Les Signes du Zodiaque. Also features
a thematic concert based on rhythm in the 20th century and Indian classical
The York Early Music Festival July 2 -11 this year explores the worldwide
repertory for wind instruments. With Tibetan monks, a Japanese flautist
and the American ensemble Piffaro, plus The York Waits and an educational
project The Carnival of Time, the programme is well varied. Info
on www.yorkearlymusic.org.
The Cheltenham (UK) Festival explores music with as much enthusiasm as
ever from 3-18 July. Twenty or so premières will uphold the original
reputation of this Festival to support new music, especially British. Festival
debuts include Anonymous 4, Julian Lloyd Webber, and the pianist Francois-Frederic
To celebrate the 65th birthday of Peter Maxwell Davies there will be
a staging of Eight Songs for a Mad King and the English première
of a Trumpet Quintet.
As composer-in-residence, Mark-Anthony Turnage receives several performances.
Music Theatre Wales brings a new production of Britten's The Rape of
Lucretia. Various ensembles will between them programme the Mozart string
quintets. There is much more, and many young artists also making their Cheltenham
debut. Info from www.cheltenhamfestivals.co.uk/music
The City of London Festival runs 22 June to 15 July. Alongside a multiplicity
of non-musical events are the Leipzig String Quartet, the Mullova Ensemble,
a St Paul's Cathedral concert combining the Choir and Chorus, and a Barbican
weekend of Pushkin-related films. Info on www.city-of-london-festival.org.uk .
The Oxford Festival of Contemporary Music runs from 24 April to 11 July.
As always here, music is not hounded to death by overkill. This lengthy
festival has just eleven events, with each of them contrasted and challenging.
From Ensemble Bash to Sacred Songs (which includes Messiaen's Messe de
la Pentecote), from horn trios (including Ligeti's) to Japanese drumming,
from Stockhausen's Kontakte to Sciarrino's Notturni for piano
solo. Info on +44 (0)1865 791355.
Jonathan Dove is now published exclusively by Peters Edition. His successful
Glyndebourne opera Flight returns this summer for seven performances
during August (Info +44 (0)1273 813813). His new church opera Tobias
and the Angel will be performed by Almeida Opera at Christchurch, Highbury
in North London July 7-10. (Info +44 (0)171 359 4404)
Under the direction of Paul Spicer, Lichfield International Arts Festival
takes place 7-18 July. It presents a galaxy of star performers - Felicity
Lott, Stephen Kovacevich, Christian Blackshaw, The Nash Ensemble, Endellion
String Quartet; and a new opera for voices alone by Andrew Gant. Noye's
Fludde is to be performed with local children. There's much more to
be found in the brochure. Info on +44 (0)1543 257557.
The 20th St Albans International Organ Festival takes place 8-17 July.
The jury for the Organ Competition is made up of notable organists: David
Higgs (USA), Naji Hakim (France), and Ben van Oosten (Holland). Each will
also give recitals. Catherine Ennis will hold schools' workshops and a Poulenc
centenary concert will include the piano and organ concertos. Verdi's Requiem
will be sung by the St Albans Bach Choir under Andrew Lucas. The lighter
side is presented by equally notable performers: Kim Cresswell and Wayne
Marshall (16 July). Booking info +44 (0)1727 846126.
A new production of Puccini's Madama Butterfly by the Fondazione
Teatro alla Scala in collaboration with the Fondazione Arturo Toscanini
and the Teatro Regio di Parma will be performed in Cortile Castello Sforzesco,
Milano, Italy on 10, 13, 15 and 16 July, all at 9.30pm. Cast includes Elmira
Veda - Maria Pia Jonata, Viktor Afanasenko, Franco Vassallo - Vittorio Vitelli,
with the Coro Del Teatro Regio di Parma (director Marco Faelli) and the
Orchestra Sinfonica dell'Emilia Romagna 'Arturo Toscanini (director Patrick
Fournillier). Info: Fondazione
Arturo Toscanini
Michael Hulmes gives a classical guitar recital on 10 July, 7.30pm in
Cedar Park, Murray Road, Derby, United Kingdom. Info: www.classicalguitar.freeserve.co.uk/mhulmes.htm .
Incredibly, a flourishing UK music festival in the small town of Madley
near Hereford is announcing its 34th season, 10-18 July. The particularly
impressive Parish Church is the hub of these activities. Experienced professional
players come and play in various guises: Orchestra of the Swan, and The
London Gala Orchestra, plus Ebony Quartet, Brook Street Baroque, and the
Pro-Arte Guitar Trio. The music is mostly mainstream, although some neat
touches are to be found. Details from either +44 (0)1981 250309 or +44 (0)1981
The Schleswig Holstein Music Festival runs through the region from 11
July to 29 August. Details of this wide-ranging festival from email@example.com
The Buxton Festival in Derbyshire, UK, runs 15-25 July. Operas include
Donizetti Il campanello di notte and Suppe The beautiful Galatea
as a double bill, Puccini's Il Tabarro and Britten's The Rape
of Lucretia plus an opera gala. Info +44 (0)1292 70395.
Musica Mundi (voice, baroque flute, recorder, baroque cello and harpsichord
- 'A valid rival to the Tallis Scholars' - Church Times) will perform
18th century English music, including sonatas and songs by Arne, Eccles,
Croft on 16 July, 7.30pm at the University of Hertfordshire, Hertford Campus,
United Kingdom. Phone +44 (0)1707 284004 for tickets (£5). Details:
Cambridge Summer Music - 16 July to 15 August - presents a wide variety
of events, opening with the Maggini Quartet playing Schubert, Tchaikovsky
and Grieg. Other groups visiting will be I Fagiolini with Concordia, Parley
of Instruments, Academy of Ancient Music, The Nash Ensemble, Red Priest,
and The Campbell Ensemble. Organists will include two new visitors from
France, Michel Bouvard and Francois Espinasse. The BBC Singers, London Baroque
Soloists and His Majesty's Sagbutts and Cornetts present Monteverdi's Vespers
and a new work by Robin Orr under Stephen Cleobury. Cambridge Arts Box Office
+44 (0)1223 503333.
'Meltdown' presents its fifth annual celebration at London's Royal Festival
Hall of one of the world's biggest festivals of percussion and its music
on 17-25 July. Percussive Sticks assembles a multi-cultural display
of brilliant performers worldwide, from the Kobayakawa Suigin Taiko Drummers
of Hiroshama, the South American Airto Moreiro to the remarkable Adrian
Spillett, BBC Young Musician of the Year 1998, and many more. Nick Cave,
director of 'Meltdown', speaks of his role as 'helping facilitate mayhem,
magic and madness on a grand scale'. Box Office +44 (0)171 960 4242.
A new edition of Sullivan's Trial by Jury is to receive its first
performance on 18 July, 7.30pm at the Chantry High School, Martley, Worcestershire,
United Kingdom. American conductor Bruce I Miller from Worcester, Massachusetts
will direct the Severnside Theatre Ensemble (an ad-hoc group of local singers
and instrumentalists). Sue Black and Patrick Briddon will sing the roles
of the Plaintiff and the Defendant.
The new edition has been produced as part of the Broude Critical Edition
project, of which Bruce Miller is a member of the editorial board. Miller
and Gloucestershire musician Helga Perry recently discovered a lost song
from H.M.S. Pinafore. Info: Helga
Perry or Bruce Miller.
A gala concert in memory of the singer Richard Tucker will be held on
21 July at the Teatro Communale in Firenze, Italy (where Tucker was so popular,
and sang so often). Singers appearing in the concert include the Alagnas,
Terfel, Ramey, Bocelli, Bartoli, Fleming and the voice of Tucker himself.
Guests of honour will be Renata Tebaldi and Franco Corelli. A world-wide
broadcast of the concert is expected, with the concert also being shown
live outside in the piazza.
The Merce Cunningham Dance Company will present Biped, a new work
to a commissioned score by Gavin Bryars at the Lincoln Center in New York
on 21 and 24 July. A European tour by the Company in the autumn will
bring Biped to Paris for a season 9-20 November. The work explores
a new animation technology of motion capture.
Gabriel Prynn performs contemporary works for cello solo by Richard Barrett,
Bernd Alois Zimmermann, Elliott Carter, Jonathan Harvey, Michel Gonneville
and André Ristic. Saturday, 24 July, 7:30 pm at St.John's Church
Waterloo, London (Waterloo Station/Tube) United Kingdom. Tickets: £5
/ £4 Info: www.bcity.com/gabrielprynn
Voces Sacrae, one of Britain's finest young vocal ensembles, will sing
sacred and secular music, part songs, close harmony and cabaret songs at
Constantine Parish Church, near Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom, on 27
July, 7.30pm. Info: www.acprom.demon.co.uk/vocessacrae/
A lecture/concert Gilbert and Sullivan Rarities: Music From The Cutting
Room Floor on 29 July in the Paxton Theatre at Buxton Pavilion features
the world première of the ballad Reflect, My Child, sung by
former D'Oyly Carte stars Michael Rayner and Jean Hindmarsh (with orchestra).
Info: Helga Perry.
Jeffrey Tate is to conduct all British music at the Minnesota Orchestra
Viennese Sommerfest on 30 July, 8pm. Matthew Trusler (violin), Anthony Dean
Griffey (tenor), Michael Gast (horn) and the Minnesota Orchestra will perform
Elgar's Introduction and Allegro, the Britten Serenade for Tenor,
Horn and Strings, These Premises are Alarmed by Thomas Adès,
The Lark Ascending by Vaughan Williams and Elgar's overture Cockaigne.
Info: www.mnorch.org
or +1 800 292 4141 (phone), +1 612 371 7191 (fax). (Tickets are $15 and
The International Chamber Ensemble has just commenced its season of summer
concerts and opera in the courtyard of S. Ivo in Rome. Similarly, there
will be a summer music series of six concerts - Festival Internazionale
Massimo Amfiteatrof at the Piazzi of S. Andrea in Levanto from 3 to
13 August. Admission to this festival is free. Info: www.webeco.it/interensemble
Seattle Symphony's new Benaroya Hall is the venue for Jane Eaglen's benefit
concert on 14 August. Her all-Wagner programme repeats Flagstad's 1955 farewell
programme. Seats are selling very quickly, so book soon if interested. Info
+1 800 426 1619. www.seattleopera.org
The 53rd Edinburgh Festival runs 15 August to 4 September. Highlights
include the return of the Vienna Philharmonic after 23 years, the Pittsburgh
Orchestra, the Gustav Mahler Jugendorchester, and the NDR Symphony Orchestra
Hamburg, the new Ensemble Modern Orchestra, Scottish Chamber Orchestra,
and the Chamber Orchestra of Europe.
In the realm of opera, a new production of Puccini's Turandot
is to be seen with an Asian cast, and a new production of Verdi's Macbeth.
Britten's The Rape of Lucretia will be heard in a concert version.
A galaxy of international performers will be heard in recitals and chamber
music. Music of the Pipes is a series planned to show its expanding
repertory and the diversity of music.
Perhaps the most innovative step for the Festival this year is a new
Centre, The Hub, which is described as a 'stunning building'. It opens in
Friedemann Herz will play the organ of Brixen Cathedral in Italy on 24
and 26 August. Music by Ligeti (Volumina), Schnittke (Two little
pieces), Corneliu Dan Georgescu (Orbis III, first performance),
Adriana Hölszky, Viktor Suslin, Paul Hindemith, Arvo Pärt, Giacinto
Scelsi and Bojidar Spassov, Info: email@example.com
Music for a While present songs by Sterndale Bennett, Elgar
and Sullivan, solos and duets of the period and a reading of Oscar Wilde's
the Nightingale and the Rose on 28 August, 7.30pm at Cross
St Chapel, Cross St, Manchester M2 1NL, United Kingdom, as part of the Gay
and Lesbian Manchester Mardi Gras Festival.
The complete works of Mahler will be performed at the Berliner Mahler-Fest,
throughout September. Info: www.berlinerfestspiele.de .
The Berlin premiere of Elliot Carter's one act comic opera What Next?
is at the Deutsche Staatsoper Unter den Linden, 16 September 1999. With
text by Paul Griffiths (after Jacques Tati's film Traffic), What
Next? is conducted by Daniel Barenboim and directed by Nicolas Brieger,
with decor by Gisbert Jaekel. There are further performances on 18, 22 and
25 September, and on 25 and 31 March 2000.
Looking forward to London's Royal Festival Hall's Classic International Series starting
in September, a procession of great orchestras of Europe and one American
will dazzle the musical scene on the South Bank. Leading off with the Royal
Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam on 22 September under Riccardo Chailly,
there follows in date order the La Scala Philharmonic Orchestra, Milan directed
by Riccardo Muti (4 October), Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra under Claudio
Abbado (11 October), Pierre Boulez directing the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra
(22 October), the Orchestra and Chorus of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa
Cecilia, Rome conducted by Myung Whun Chung (21 and 22 November), the Vienna
Philharmonic again with Seiji Ozawa (15 March), and the Philadelphia Orchestra
conducted by Wolfgang Sawallisch (19 May).
Tickets are now on sale for La Guitarra California (24-26 September 1999
on the campus of Cuesta College, scenic Highway 1, north west of San Luis
Obispo, California) from +1 805 546 3131. Info: La Guitarra California website.
Gerard Schurmann's song-cycles, Chuench'i (translations of Chinese
poems by Arthur Waley), and Six Songs of William Blake, together
with Nine Slovak Folk Songs are due to be performed in Manchester
on September 25, to be followed by recordings for commercial CD on September
27 and 28 by Alison Wells (soprano) and Martyn Hill (tenor), with Keith
Swallow (piano). In addition, Moonbird for solo recorder will be
given its first performance at the concert on September 25 by John Turner.
Info: www.gerard-schurmann.com
'Music to move you' is an eight-concert season announced for the St David's
Hall as the National Concert Hall of Wales from September through to May
2000. Apart from top ranking British orchestras and conductors there will
be visits by the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra and the Moscow Philharmonic
The Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment will give a Beethoven symphony
cycle at the Royal Festival Hall in London commencing October 14 with conductor
Sir Roger Norrington. Info: +44 (0)171 960 4242.
'Steel and Gold' is the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra's title for a
forthcoming Rachmaninov retrospective. Over October and November, five concerts
will contain the three symphonies, Symphonic Dances, and a concert version
of his opera The Miserly Knight, as well as works by contemporaries.
A series booking will also include a free celebrity concert with Artur Pizarro.
Info: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
| 11.7°C Belfast
The Italian Olympic Committee is suspending Rome's bid for the 2024 Games for the time being, while leaving open the possibility for a revival of the candidacy if there is a change in city government.
CONI president Giovanni Malago said he wrote a letter to the International Olympic Committee on Tuesday to "interrupt the candidacy".
The move comes after Rome's city council voted last month to withdraw support of the bid on the recommendation of Mayor Virginia Raggi.
Rome's withdrawal would leave only Los Angeles, Paris, and Budapest, Hungary, in the running for the 2024 Games. The IOC will select the host city in September 2017.
It would also mark the second time in four years that a Rome bid has been withdrawn or interrupted. In 2012, then-premier Mario Monti scrapped the city's bid for the 2020 Olympics because of financial concerns.
Ms Raggi, who represents the anti-establishment 5-Star Movement, said that taking on the costs of an Olympic bid is "irresponsible" for a city struggling to emerge from years of corruption and poor public services.
While Ms Raggi wrote a letter to the IOC last month, IOC rules state that only the national Olympic committee can withdraw a candidacy.
"Anybody can write to the IOC but the only letter that counts is the one from the president of the Olympic committee," Mr Malago said at a news conference.
Since being elected in June as Rome's first female mayor, Ms Raggi has had a rough first few months in office. Her administration was thrown into chaos after she dismissed her cabinet chief and four other officials resigned.
Mr Malago compared Rome's situation to Vancouver's withdrawal six months before the 1980 Winter Games were awarded to Lake Placid in 1976. Vancouver had to wait 30 years to host the 2010 Winter Games.
"While it's true that Canada had two games in the intervening years - Montreal (1976) and Calgary (1988) - I think Vancouver paid a big price for that decision," Mr Malago said. "Rome and Italy find themselves in a similar situation today."
Hoping to regain the trust of the IOC, Mr Malago said that he was offering up Milan as host of the IOC session in 2019.
"This is the first step of Italy's rehabilitation after this unacceptable interruption," Mr Malago said. "The other evening I had a chance to discuss this possibility with (IOC President) Thomas Bach and IOC general director Christophe De Kepper and there is ample support for this idea."
"This is a way to turn the page and move on," he added.
Still, the "interruption" of the bid is another signal that the IOC still has work to do to convince cities that hosting the games is a boon and not a burden.
Last month, a city government panel in Tokyo warned that the cost of the 2020 Olympics could exceed 30 billion US dollars, more than four times the initial estimates.
Voters in Hamburg rejected the German city's 2024 bid in a referendum, and Boston dropped out last year amid a lack of public and political support and was replaced as the US candidate by Los Angeles.
Four cities withdrew during the bidding for the 2022 Winter Games, leaving only two candidates in the field. Beijing, hardly known as a winter sports destination, defeated Almaty, Kazakhstan.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Course Descriptions for Graduate Classes
CRJU 7000 Criminal Justice Administration 3-0-3
An introduction to the administration and organizational structure of criminal justice agencies and the criminal justice system as a whole.
CRJU 7010 Advanced Comparative Criminal Justice Systems 3-0-3
A seminar on crime, law, and criminal justice systems of major legal systems allowing for cross-cultural comparisons
CRJU 7100 Seminar in Law Enforcement 3-0-3
A seminar in which administrative issues pertinent to policing are examined. These include ethics, rural policing, and community policing, among others.
CRJU 7300 Seminar in Criminal Law And Procedure 3-0-3
A seminar in which rapidly changing controversial legal issues which have a major impact on criminal justice are explored.
CRJU 7350 Seminar in Forensic Investigation 3-0-3
An introduction to special topics in forensic science involving the use of forensic techniques in criminal investigations. This course will examine different areas related to the solving of crimes using forensic techniques currently available to the investigator. As needed, experimental forensic techniques will be discussed. Each student will gain an understanding of how forensic science is an integral part of the criminal justice system.
CRJU 7370 Ethical and Legal Issues 3-0-3
An introduction to the study of criminal justice ethics as a classical and contemporary discipline. Modern criminal justice codes of ethics and professional standards will be studied and critiqued. Students will be encouraged to examine critical values and moral beliefs and to develop humanistic philosophies. Questions about the ethical spirit and consequences of specific laws or policies and the disparities between these relatively narrow requirements and more generous professional and personal ethics will be addressed.
CRJU 7411 Applied Statistics for Criminal Justice Research 3-0-3
Prerequisite: Proficiency in basic statistical methods as demonstrated by undergraduate or graduate course work. A study of advanced statistical techniques applied in criminal justice research.
CRJU 7412 Advanced Research Methods for Criminal Justice 3-0-3
Prerequisite: CRJU 7411 or equivalent. Advanced research methodology used in criminal justice. The course requires the use of CRJU 7411 statistics.
CRJU 7413 Criminal Justice Planning and Evaluation 3-0-3
An analysis of criminal justice program development through planned change and techniques of program evaluation, with emphasis on procedure and design.
CRJU 7500 Seminar in Criminal Behavior and Personality 3-0-3
An advanced study of specific criminal behavior types emphasizing violent offenders, sexual deviants, the anti-social personality, and the criminally insane.
CRJU 7510 Advanced Correctional Therapies 3-0-3
Study and practice in the development and application of theoretically based correctional treatment plans.
CRJU 7600 Advanced Criminological Theory 3-0-3
An intensive overview of each of the major criminological perspectives regarding the etiology of crime. The course will provide students with an understanding of theoretical developments and research and will emphasize interrelationships among theories. The impact of social change is also emphasized.
CRJU 7610 Seminar in Gang, Group, and Multiple Offender Criminality 3-0-3
An intensive study of gang, mob, mass, and other types of group criminality. The course includes an examination of the formulation, evolution, characteristics, and threat of multiple offender violence. Topics include but are not limited to youth gangs, cults, organized crime, mob violence, vigilante groups, and domestic terrorist groups.
CRJU 7620 Seminar in Criminal Victimization 3-0-3
An introduction to the study of crime victims, including identification, research, and statistical data used to assess victims of crime. Major emphases of this course will be victims' rights legislation and the responsibilities of individual criminal justice agencies providing services and programs to crime victims.
CRJU 7630 Advanced Crime Prevention 3-0-3
Basic concepts of crime prevention theories and techniques. Students will study past and current techniques, programs, and research used to establish crime prevention in today's society. Course requirements include a hands-on creation of a crime prevention program for an existing criminal justice agency, business, or other entity whose use of a crime prevention program is necessary for its success or survival.
CRJU 7700 Special Topics in Criminal Justice 3-0-3 to 6-0-6
A variable topics course that may be taken for 3 to 6 semester hours.
CRJU 7710 Seminar in Juvenile Justice 3-0-3
A seminar on the Juvenile Justice System and major issues related to the administration of juvenile justice. These include administrative issues, legal issues, and issues revolving around theory and rehabilitative goals.
CRJU 7900 Directed Study In Criminal Justice 0-3-1 to 0-18-6
May be taken for a maximum of 6 credit hours. Graded "Satisfactory" or "Unsatisfactory." The study plan must be determined in advance and approved by the Coordinator of the Criminal Justice Graduate Program as well as the instructor of record. Independent study or research under the guidance of a criminal justice graduate faculty member.
CRJU 7910 Criminal Justice Internship 3-0-6
May be taken for a maximum of 6 credit hours. The internship involves placement in a work/observer situation in a criminal justice agency requiring academic performance and supervision as described in the Criminal Justice Internship Guidelines, or a research internship in which the student works with a criminal justice graduate faculty member to obtain knowledge of special research applications including data collection and organization, analysis, and publication. The internship plan must be determined in advanced and approved by the Coordinator of the Criminal Justice Graduate Program as well as the instructor of record.
CRJU 7999 Thesis 0-3-1 to 0-18-6
The student must be registered for CRJU 7999 in the term in which the degree is earned. For students developing and writing a thesis and as recommended and approved by the student's thesis advisor. Must be taken for a total of 6 hours.
- Main line
- 229.333.5943
- Fax
- 229.333.5492
Campus Address
Nevins Hall, Room 1004 1500 N. Patterson St. Valdosta, Georgia 31698
Mailing Address
1500 N. Patterson St.
Valdosta, GA 31698


text:
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text: Taster Day At the Law institute's Taster Day, we introduce the Law degree courses and life at the University of St.Gallen. Our Law institute's Taster Day takes place each year at the end of February and is intended for Swiss secondary school graduates as well as prospective students from abroad. In addition to general information about the law course programmes, attendees have the chance to work on an actual legal case. Our professors and student tutors familiarise the attendees with work in the legal field and are available to take questions over the course of the day. Law institute's Open Day 2021: 26 February 2021 The programme of the day and the online registration form are available on the right under the heading "More on topic". Parking at the University of St.Gallen is limited. Please use public transport.


text:
(C) Julie Boyd First published in The Australian newspaper It is easy to recognise the locals during my daily walk on the beach. They're the ones with the relaxed smiles on their faces who have the time to look you in the eye and say "G'day". Although, these days, there is a little strain creeping […]
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This Priceless Life
April 3, 2011 by Julie
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text:
You have to feel sorry for Travis. No, really.
You see, while they were busy putting together their defining opus The Man Who almost a decade ago, they were also creating an even bigger monster that would eventually grow wildly out of their control and swallow them up with its mushroom vol-au-vents and aubergine canapés.
Yep, put your hands together for the patron saints of blandrock; the initial arbiters of watered-down, Radio 2-friendly (when Radio 2 really was exclusively for the over-50s) pop-rock that's more appropriate at dinner parties and office soirees than any pre-club night indie disco you care to mention.
Granted, it's not exactly the fault of Fran Healy and his bandmates that the likes of Coldplay, James Blunt, Dido and a million and one other unsavoury middle-class bores from sweet suburbia would sell millions of records worldwide on the back of their legacy, but it has to be recognised that they opened the doors. If the truth be known, their absence suggested that maybe they've found their careers lay elsewhere, in the portering industry perhaps. Who knows?
To be fair, they have also been responsible for some of the past decade's most timeless pop songs, but anyone expecting a 'U16 Girls, 'Driftwood' or even 'The Beautiful Occupation' is going to be slightly underwhelmed by the overall content of The Boy With No Name.
Although not strictly a bad record - as in the melodies do flow, tunes have been constructed, and everything fits together quite comfortably - the severe lack of any surprises, liveliness and, frankly, new ideas (especially this) means that The Boy With No Name sounds like just another record by any one of the aforementioned coattail-riders.
For a band with such a legacy, and a pre-millennium back catalogue to die for (the late '90s were an arid time folks, trust me), this record feels hollow and uninspiring. The Boy With No Name evidently advocates how Travis' sell-by date expired many, many moons ago.
4Dom Gourlay's Score


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Would you consider posting tips on catching your breath during a talk? An adrenaline rush can leave me out of breath w/no way to recover...It's vexing, because it's not about being nervous, but it makes a speaker sound nervous. Have noticed in me + other women.Since we only have 140 characters per message on Twitter, I asked her a few questions about what else is happening when that situation occurs. She wrote:
Right after I start a talk, I get a little rush that leaves me out of breath, heart beating fast. It makes me sound breathy + nervous...The irony is, I no longer get nervous *before* a talk. And I don't otherwise feel nervous, except needing to take a deep breath...But I fear a deep breath would sound even more nervous! No othr issues per se, tho the breathiness may make me speak faster. Does that help?It does--and there may be many reasons for the sudden out-of-breath feeling, especially at the start of a speech.
That's because the most stressful time for most speakers happens right at the start. It's when the audience's attention is at its highest -- so much so that your job after the opening will be to hang on to audience attention, since it can't get any higher. Many speakers make their first mistakes in their opening lines, especially if they wing the opening. But more than that, it's the time when you go from relaxed to active, from ready to out there...suddenly, you're exposed, all eyes are on you and it's performance time.
This reader notes she doesn't feel nervous, and in fact, the adrenaline rush suggests it's a classic fight-or-flight response, the body's biological reaction to stress, which includes accelerated heart and breathing rates (as well as responses like blushing or turning pale, which some women I know experience when they start a speech). The tendency to speak faster often follows the racing heartbeat--you're geared up and moving forward. Trouble is, none of that helps you as the speaker. You may get more self-conscious and distracted (like fearing the deep breath you need would make you seem more nervous, or wondering whether the audience is on to your situation). Speaking faster almost always signals the audience there's something wrong--whether it's a too-tight schedule or a too-nervous speaker.
There is a short-term solution: If you need to take a breath, pause and do so, inhaling through your nose while you look out at the audience and smile. Pauses are expected, and if you use this pause well, you can catch your breath, connect with the audience and just look thoughtful.
The long-term solution? Taking control of your breathing to diminish the fight-or-flight stress response. Speakers need to control their breathing just as they control their gestures, movements, and words. Try these steps to achieve the "relaxation response" developed by Dr. Herbert Benson of Harvard Medical School. It's a well-established, well-tested method. As a speaker, you need to start focusing on care of the speaker, and do so long before you're called to the front of the room. So taking the time to prepare with breathing and relaxation should be as much a part of your speaker preparation as crafting your remarks, choosing an outfit or writing your bio. Just like hydration, you need to start this process ahead of time for it to have an impact when you begin to speak.
Don't expect to do this just before you speak, and do expect to practice this as a regular routine in order to get the most benefit. With practice, you should be able to revive the relaxation response in just moments--say, while stuck in traffic or in the few minutes before you start to speak. You also may find useful this Boston.com article on meditation, a similar process. Then check out all my tips on speaker preparation and the healthy speaker.


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Benson hopes he's found a home
GREEN BAY, Wis. — Cedric Benson had been here before, and yet he's still getting his hopes up that the Green Bay Packers will give him something he's never had previously: A legitimate, long-term NFL home.
"I think things are going good," Benson optimistically said this week, as the Packers prepared for Sunday's game at Indianapolis. "Things are coming together quite well. And I think it'll only get better."
Of course, Benson had hoped that was the case with his last team, too. After things with the Chicago Bears – the team that drafted him No. 4 overall in 2005 – went south, Benson landed in Cincinnati and had four productive seasons for the Bengals, rushing for 4,176 yards and 21 touchdowns from 2008 through 2011. And yet, he never got the feeling that the Bengals wanted to make any sort of lasting commitment to him.
After the Bears cut him in June 2008, he was on the street for three months until the Bengals signed him to a one-year deal worth the four-year veteran minimum of $520,000. When he went on to rush for 747 yards in 12 games for the Bengals, the team re-signed him to a two-year, $7 million deal. But while he posted back-to-back 1,000-yard seasons while playing for that contract, he only received a one-year deal worth $3 million with another $2 million in incentives. And when he had another 1,000-yard season last year, the Bengals made no effort to re-sign him.
He wound up signing the ultimate prove-it contract with the Packers: A one-year deal that's only worth the NFL seven-year veteran minimum of $825,000 with no incentives.
But through four games, it's clear Benson is the team's unquestioned No. 1 running back, as James Starks – the guy who was at the top of the depth chart to start training camp – is over his turf toe injury but still is likely to be inactive for Sunday's game against the Colts. If the 29-year-old Benson continues to contribute the way he has – he enters Sunday having carried 64 times for 228 yards (3.6-yard average) and one touchdown while catching 12 passes for 76 yards – he believes he'll be spending much more than just this season in Northeastern Wisconsin.
"I was just talking about it a couple weeks ago (with some teammates). This is my eighth season and third team. I've had to find success without finding a home," Benson said. "I've had to go into new systems and make it work and find success. It's been a crazy career for me thus far. But I'm looking forward to possibly the chance to be somewhere where they want me."
The Packers certainly want his productivity. Other than the Sept. 9 opener against San Francisco, when he carried just nine times for 18 yards, and the first half of the Sept. 24 game at Seattle, when he had two carries for 4 yards amid the Packers' imbalanced approach in the first 30 minutes, coach Mike McCarthy has clearly been more committed to the run game with Benson in the mix.
Carrying 20 times for 81 yards against the Bears on Sept. 13, Benson became the first Packers running back to get 20 individual carries in a single game since Brandon Jackson on Dec. 19, 2010. And carrying 18 times for 84 yards in last week's victory over New Orleans, Benson kept the struggling Saints' defense honest by forcing them to respect the run. Even in Seattle, after quarterback Aaron Rodgers was sacked a whopping eight times in the first half, it was McCarthy's commitment to Benson that righted the ship, and he ended up carrying 17 times for 45 hard yards that night.
While the Packers have now gone 30 regular-season games without an individual 100-yard rusher, Benson seems like a sure thing to put an end to that streak next.
"I think you want to get him touches as much he can," running backs coach Alex Van Pelt said. "In a system where it's a pass-first system … you hate to go in with a guy who gets better with the more carries (and then) limit him to 10 carries or split carries with somebody else, because you're taking away from his ability to understand the flow of the defense, understand how they're reacting to each run type – which is one of his strengths that gets stronger as the game goes on.
"He came in kind of raw to the understanding of what we're trying to accomplish in the run game and it showed in that San Fran game. Since then, he's gotten a better feel for what we're trying to get done and it shows."
For his part, Rodgers has said several times that he doesn't care if the offense starts flowing more through Benson and less through him. Rodgers' reasoning: If Benson needs more carries, so be it; if defenses have to be more cognizant of the running game, it's all the better for the passing game.
"I think he can do even more for us, I really do," Rodgers said. "The encouraging thing is he's getting better for us. He's understanding things better. He's doing a great job out of the backfield catching the football, getting north and south. I think he's still not 100 percent comfortable in the offense. He's run the football really well, which is great, but understanding immediately what his job is in the no-huddle stuff and the protection game, it's close.
"But he's been great for us. He's been great in that meeting room, he's been great with me in the one-on-one time we spend together. He's been great in the locker room, and we're pretty happy to have him."
Considering how his career has played out up until now, Rodgers' words mean a lot to Benson, even if he doesn't know if Green Bay will be a long-term or short-term stay.
"That's nothing he and I have talked about, but I'm grateful that he's got that kind of outlook," Benson said. "I take pride in it, and I invite tough times or have my back against the wall – all those type of things. I'm grateful things are working out.
"I'm just playing the cards that I'm dealt. I didn't really have any expectations coming in here. I knew coming in here, it's not like it's a heavy run-style offense or anything like that. So I didn't really have any expectations of attempts or anything like that. I'm just making the best of the situation they're giving me."


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IR-2007-75, April 2, 2007
WASHINGTON — The Internal Revenue Service today alerted taxpayers about Internet scams in which fraudulent e-mails are sent that appear to be from the IRS.
The e-mails direct the consumer to a Web link that requests personal and financial information, such as Social Security, bank account or credit card numbers. The practice of tricking victims into revealing private personal and financial information over the Internet is known as "phishing" for information.
The IRS does not send out unsolicited e-mails or ask for detailed personal and financial information. Additionally, the IRS never asks people for the PIN numbers, passwords or similar secret access information for their credit card, bank or other financial accounts.
The information fraudulently obtained by scammers is used to steal the taxpayer's identity and then his or her financial assets. Generally, identity thieves use someone's personal data to steal his or her financial accounts, run up charges on the victim's existing credit cards, apply for new loans, credit cards, services or benefits in the victim's name and even file fraudulent tax returns to obtain refunds rightfully belonging to the victim.
"Don't be fooled by these shameless scam artists. The IRS doesn't send unsolicited e-mail," said IRS Commissioner Mark W. Everson. "Always exercise caution when you receive unsolicited e-mails or e-mails from senders you don't know, and always verify the source."
Last year, the IRS established an electronic mail box, email@example.com, to receive copies of possibly fraudulent e-mails involving misuse of the IRS name, logo or Web site for investigation. Since the establishment of the mail box, the IRS has received more than 17,700 e-mails from taxpayers reporting more than 240 separate phishing incidents. To date, investigations by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA) have identified host sites in at least 27 different countries, as well as in the United States.
In the on-going e-mail schemes that use the IRS name, about which the IRS has warned the public before, the recipients are asked to click on links to take them to the "IRS" Web site. The links appear authentic and connect the victim to sites that resemble the genuine IRS Web site. The sites then prompt the victim for personal identifiers, credit card numbers, PIN numbers or similar financial information. The phony sites appear legitimate because most of the images and content are copied from actual pages on the genuine IRS Web site before being modified by the fraudsters to include their loaded questions.
The schemes have a few variations. In one, the bogus e-mail tells the recipient that he or she is eligible to receive a federal tax refund for a given amount (often $63.80) and sends the recipient to a Web site to complete a form to "submit the tax refund request." The form then asks for the personal and financial information.
The IRS does not notify taxpayers of refunds via e-mail. Additionally, taxpayers do not have to complete a special form or provide detailed financial information to obtain a refund. Refunds are based on information contained on the federal income tax return filed by the taxpayer.
In another scheme, the e-mail states that the IRS's "Antifraud Comission" (sic) has found that someone tried to pay their taxes through the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System, or EFTPS, using the e-mail recipient's credit card and that, as a result, some of the recipient's money was lost and the remaining "founds" (sic) were blocked. The e-mail contains visual elements copied from the genuine IRS Web site in an attempt to make the e-mail appear legitimate. The e-mail includes a link that sends the recipient to a Web site that asks the recipient to enter personal and financial information, such as SSN and account numbers, in order to unblock their funds.
The IRS does not have an Antifraud Commission, does not have the authority to freeze a taxpayer's credit card or bank account because of potential theft or fraud perpetrated against the taxpayer, and does not use e-mail to initiate contact with taxpayers.
A third, recent scheme asks the recipient to wire thousands of dollars in order to retrieve the winnings on a lottery. One such e-mail instructed the recipient to wire $42,000 to retrieve the winnings on a British lottery. This e-mail used a simulated IRS letterhead with the actual address of an IRS office at 290 Broadway, Manhattan, NYC, in an attempt to persuade the recipient of the legitimacy of the e-mail.
The IRS does not handle lottery distributions and does not initiate contact with taxpayers via e-mail. Additionally, lottery winnings are generally reported by the winner to the IRS with his or her annual federal income tax return, at which time any taxes due must be paid.
Recipients of questionable e-mails claiming to come from the IRS should not open any attachments or click on any links contained in the e-mails. Instead, they should forward the e-mails to firstname.lastname@example.com (the instructions may be found on IRS.gov by entering the term phishing in the search box) or notify TIGTA's toll-free hotline at 1-800-366-4484. The IRS and TIGTA work with the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) and various Internet service providers and international CERT teams to have the phishing sites taken offline as soon as they are reported.
Recently, the IRS has become aware of commercial Internet sites that bear a striking resemblance to the real IRS site or that contain some form of the IRS name in their address but with a .com, .net, .org or other designation in the address instead of .gov. Though these sites may not be phishing sites — that is, they may not request private financial data in an attempt to steal the consumer's identity — the IRS urges consumers not to be misled into thinking such sites are the genuine IRS Web site or have some connection to the real IRS.
The only genuine IRS Web site is IRS.gov.
More information on phishing schemes and others, including abusive tax avoidance transactions, frivolous arguments and more, may be found on the Compliance and Enforcement page on this Web site. For information on preventing or handling the aftermath of identity theft, visit the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) 's Web site.
Related Items:
IR-2006-116, Electronic Federal Tax Payment System Cited in New E-mail Scam
IR-2006-49, IRS Establishes e-Mail Box for Taxpayers to Report Phony e-Mails
- Compliance and Enforcement


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NYPD Return Seized Camera Equipment of N.Y. Times Photographer
August 13th, 2012 by Advocacy Intern and tagged Access, first amendment, Mickey Osterreicher, national press photographers association, NY Times, photojournalism, Robert Stolarik
The New York Police Department (NYPD) on Friday returned the camera equipment of a New York Times photographer who had his equipment seized following his arrest on August 4th.
Robert Stolarik, who was arrested on charges of obstructing governmental administration and resisting arrest while photographing police activity on assignment, said, "My cameras were returned to me on Friday at 3:30. Getting my gear back is the first step in returning to some normalcy. The next things for me will be getting the charges dropped and having my credentials returned to me."
The return of the seized equipment came days after the National Press Photographers Association (NPPA) sent a letter to Deputy Commissioner Paul J. Browne of the NYPD that objected to the rough treatment and arrest of Stolarik and requested that his equipment be returned to him.
"Mr. Stolarik's equipment and credentials must be returned immediately," said Mickey H. Osterreicher, general counsel for NPPA, in his letter to the NYPD. "We believe that the seizure and alleged destruction of his equipment not only violates his First, Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment rights but may be considered a form of prior restraint and a violation of the Privacy Protection Act of 1980, specifically enacted to protect against the search and seizure of a journalist's work product."
Osterreicher also sent a letter to the editor which was published by the NY Times on that same Friday morning, in which among other things, the NPPA attorney urged "the New York Police Department to work with us to improve training and supervision for its members starting from the top down ."
Upon learning of the equipment's return Osterreicher said, "While I am pleased that Robert has his cameras back, this incident, like so many others around the country should never have happened in the first place." "Had officers just let him do his job this would be a non-story," he added.
Today Stolarik met with officers from the NYPD Internal Affairs Bureau, who were following up on his complaint. That is also the reason that word of the equipment return was not announced until now. George Freeman, a lawyer for The Times, said "we hope the IAB will objectively investigate this case, because we are fully confident that if they look at the facts, they will find that the officers who blocked, intimidated and assaulted Mr. Stolarik acted inappropriately and violated NYPD guidelines." He also added, "we hope that those officers ultimately will be disciplined not only to punish them for their wrongdoing, but also to send a well-needed message to the rest of the force that interfering and beating on the press while they are doing their jobs simply won't be tolerated."
Posted in Access, Assault on Photographers, Attack Photographers, Cameras, DCPI Paul Browne, First Amendment, Legal, National Press Photographers Association, New York TImes, News Photography, Newsgathering, photographers, Photographers' Rights, photojournalism, Robert Stolarik | No Comments »


text: 96ROCK Stakes Draws a Dozen for Second Spiral Prep Thursday, January 31, 2013 12:00 AM General Spiral Stakes FLORENCE, Ky., Jan. 31, 2013 – The $50,000 96ROCK Stakes at Turfway on Saturday has drawn a full field of 3-year-old colts and geldings for the second local prep toward the Spiral Stakes (G3) in March.George and Lori Hall's Bye Bye Bernie had trouble finding position in the first prep, the Turfway Prevue on Jan. 5, and finished a well beaten fourth, but that was his first start since winning a 7-furlong race at Keeneland in October. The outside post puts him in the clear for the one-mile 96ROCK, but he tends to seek the early lead and may spend more early than he can afford. He has one route start, finishing seventh after setting the pace in a 1 1/16-mile maiden special on the Saratoga turf. Kelly Breen trains and named Rodney Prescott to ride.I Do Believe did not contest the Turfway Prevue but comes in to Saturday's race off two straight easy wins at Turfway, most recently an optional allowance at the 96ROCK distance in his first start of the year. Two starts back he cruised to a 10 1/4-length score in a Dec. 22 maiden special at 6 1/2 furlongs. In both cases he came from off the pace. Shane Sellers was aboard for his last race and gets the call again for trainer Mike Maker.Mac the Man won the Turfway Prevue, coming from off the pace to get those 6 1/2 furlongs by four lengths. While he is undefeated at Turfway in back-to-back sprints, the 96ROCK Stakes will be his first try at a mile. Norberto Arroyo Jr. was aboard for both Turfway races and will be back Saturday for trainer Jeff Greenhill.Greenhill also trains the way-back closer Silver Tongued, who came from more than a dozen lengths off the lead to win the Juvenile Stakes at Thistledown in October. He was fifth in the Turfway Prevue after a characteristic slow start but the added distance can only help him and he gets a new rider Saturday in Rafael Hernandez.The field for the 96ROCK Stakes from the rail out: Count On Silver (jockey Roberto Morales); Silver Tongued; Smoke Em Charlie (Luis Martinez Jr.); Takin the Sloroad (Thomas Pompell); Gefest (Ben Creed); Penn National shipper Yougotthatgoinforu (Emilio Flores); Indiana Charlie (Amanda Tamburello); Mac the Man; Special Sun (Eddie Zuniga); I Do Believe; Mellow Fellow (Edgar Paucar); and Bye Bye Bernie.Silver Tongued, Mac the Man, and Indiana Charlie will carry 122 pounds. All others carry 118.The 96ROCK Stakes is sponsored this year for the first time by Cincinnati rock radio station WFTK. The race was established in 1983 as the Presidents Stakes and was sponsored from 2002 through 2012 by a competing rock station, WEBN. The race is the ninth of 10 on Saturday. First post is 1:10 p.m.###


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2 arrested in nightclub brawl at Foxwoods' MGM Grand
MASHANTUCKET -- Police have charged two men from Connecticut and Massachusetts for their alleged participation in a nightclub brawl involving a mob of nearly 100 at MGM Grand at Foxwoods.
Wakyne A. Sebastian of the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Reservation, and Macharia Johnson of Everett, Mass., were charged with breach of peace and interfering with police in connection with the Sunday morning melee.
Police say the brawl inside the MGM Grand started near a nightclub and spilled out into a hotel lobby.
After the fighting was contained, police say the 38-year-old Johnson was involved in a separate incident inside Foxwoods Resort Casino that involved a knife. Police say the incident included the same individuals from the brawl and that more arrests are pending.
It was not known Monday if either man is represented by a lawyer.


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Main Page
From Dynamo
Revision as of 11:45, 14 March 2016 by Daniel Castaño (talk | contribs)
Page under construction!!!
This site is under construction... the web should not even be visible.
Please use our current website [1] instead.
This wiki will guide Dynamo users all the way from tomograms to averages and classes. In a full workflow, you would organize tomograms in catalogues, use them to pick particles, then create alignment projects, or even classification projects.
You don't need to perform this full workflow with Dynamo. Dynamo is very modular, and with a basic understanding of the formats of each of those stages, you can jump to the module that carries the analysis part of your interest.


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Dementia research
In this section, you will find a sample of the latest research on Alzheimer's disease and other dementia.
Alzheimer Society Research Program
The Alzheimer Society Research Program (ASRP) is a collaborative initiative of our Alzheimer Society Federation, in which all the provincial Alzheimer Societies, the Alzheimer Society of Canada (ASC), partners and donors pull together to support research directed at both eradicating dementia and improving the lives of those affected by it.
Learn about research projects funded by our Alzheimer Society Research Program by searching our on-line database.
External resources on both national and international research on dementia:
Alzheimer Research Forum: promotes scientific communication and creative thinking in the search for the causes and treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
The Kenneth G. Murray Alzheimer Research and Education Program: a unit of the Centre for Applied Health Research (CAHR) of the Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo in Ontario, MAREP is in partnership with six long-term care facilities (Innovation Centres) where onsite research on best practices and innovative approaches is conducted.
Research Canada: an Alliance for Health Discovery is a not-for-profit, voluntary organization that is a strong national voice for health research advocacy in Canada.
Nutrition and dementia: a review of available research (PDF) published by Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI), London, February 2014. Review of a number of areas in existing research regarding the relevance of nutritional factors to primary and secondary prevention of dementia, undernutrition in dementia and interventions to improve the nutrition of people living with dementia.
Read the latest research news


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This is aRIA's first appearance on the IA 25. Click here to view the complete list and Special Report schedule for extended profiles for each of the 2013 IA 25 honorees.
Go to any conference where registered investment advisors meet, and it's clear from the buzz in the room that RIAs like to talk. Only rarely, though, does the subject come up of how much their company is worth.
To break the silence around real enterprise value, a group of six successful RIAs got together last year and committed to sharing their experiences to help the industry build independent firms that are truly sustainable. Called the Alliance for Registered Investment Advisors, or aRIA, this boutique industry association with more than $20 billion in client assets has established itself as a new think tank with a mission to provide intellectual capital and thought leadership to the wealth management community.
ARIA's group members are a mighty team. They include Matt Cooper, president of Beacon Pointe Wealth Advisors, and Neal Simon, CEO of Highline Wealth Management, both of whose firms were selected for AdvisorOne's 2012 Top Wealth Managers list. Also on the team are industry leaders Brent Brodeski, CEO of Savant Capital; John Burns, principal at Exencial Wealth Management; Ron Carson, CEO of Carson Wealth Management Group; and Jeff Concepcion, CEO of Stratos Wealth Partners.
This year, Brodeski, Carson and Simon were selected to Barron's Top 100 Independent Financial Advisors, noted John Furey, principal at Advisor Growth Strategies LLC (AGS), who serves as aRIA's managing member. Everyone in the group are in their 40s and solidly midpoint in seasoned careers, with no plans to sell and certainly no plans to retire any time soon.
"We're all in it to build long-term sustainable businesses," said Furey, a former director of strategic business development at Schwab Institutional. "As an industry, we don't talk enough about who's doing transactions and deals. Our group is doing deals, and then we're sharing our knowledge for free with the industry. We're walking our talk because transactions are happening, and we're proud of that."
One such deal involves Newport Beach, Calif.-based Beacon Pointe's recent addition of Independent Financial Advisors, a Riverside, Calif., RIA with $100 million of assets under management. Representing Beacon Pointe's fourth RIA rollup in just four months, the deal highlights a partnership model that places a premium on long-term growth and sustainability, Furey said.
Indie advisors face the hazards of fee compression, erosion of margins and recruitment challenges, along with low market valuation and limited liquidity, which is why aRIA's members took it upon themselves to write a series of white papers to tackle those topics. In just one year, the group has published four papers, starting with the first title, "Creating Value and Certainty Within Your Independent Advisory Firm."
Coming up next: more on the intellectual capital front, said Furey, noting that aRIA in the next year plans to offer case studies that show how advisors can boost their value.
"The definition of breakaway will be completely changed," he said when asked to identify the advisor industry's biggest trends going forward. "The future will be more advisors in transition, period. In the past, independents' growth has come at the expense of wirehouses. Now we believe that the competition will come from within the independent channel."


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A new study concludes that approximately half of the prescriptions of Tamiflu during the 2009-10 influenza pandemic went unused in England. The unused medication represents approximately 600,000 courses of Tamiflu at a cost of around 7.8 million to the UK taxpayer. The novel scientific method used in the study could help measure and improve the effectiveness of future pandemic flu strategies.
The finding, published online this week in the open access scientific journal PLOS ONE, comes from the first study of its kind to use sewage water to estimate drug compliance rates, the degree to which a patient correctly follows medical advice to take medication. The study estimated usage of pharmaceuticals from large populations by sampling sewage and recovering the active component of Tamiflu thus measuring drugs that were actually consumed by patients, rather than those that were flushed away without being consumed.
The work was led by scientists at the UK's Centre for Ecology & Hydrology working with colleagues at Uppsala, Linnaeus and Ume Universities, Sweden, and the University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic.
Lead author Dr Andrew Singer, a Chemical Ecologist from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, says, "Influenza pandemics are rare, making a study such as this a unique and important window into how people behave during a public health emergency such as a pandemic. This study sheds new light on people's willingness to follow medical advice on antiviral usage. Importantly, this method could be used to monitor how many people take certain kinds of medicine in real time and alert national health authorities to the need for stronger public information campaigns during pandemic emergencies."
The research highlights that despite the central role of antivirals in many nations' influenza pandemic preparedness plans, there remains considerable uncertainty regarding antiviral compliance rates. Poor compliance drains resources by diverting limited antiviral stocks from those who may need it most. Mis-used antivirals can lead to antiviral resistance and represents a significant financial cost and health risk. Previous research on antiviral compliance had focused on small populations, typically fewer than 200, and used survey-based analyses of drug compliance, which can be unreliable.
Dr Singer adds, "Our study was the first compliance study to utilise waste water as an evidence base for whether a population consumed Tamiflu or not. Because of this unique study design, we were able to examine populations orders of magnitude larger than previous studies. One population was just over 6,000 people and the second population was 208,000. Tamiflu gets transformed into the active antiviral only after being consumed, and is released into the sewage with every visit to the toilet. This waste water epidemiology approach is particularly robust for drugs such as Tamiflu and potentially more reliable than some survey based methods of assessing compliance."
Predictions of oseltamivir consumption from Tamiflu recovered in sewage were compared with two sources of national government statistics to derive compliance rates. Scenario and sensitivity analysis indicated an estimated compliance rate between 45-60%, (between 45 to 60 people out of every 100 people who received Tamiflu completed the antiviral course, as prescribed).
Dr Singer says, "With approximately half the collected antivirals going unused, there is a clear need to improve public health messages so that less antiviral is wasted and that the duration and severity of infection is reduced. Furthermore, we feel the waste water epidemiology approach undertaken can potentially help shape future public health messages, making them more timely, targeted, and population sensitive, while potentially leading to less mis- and un-used antiviral, less wastage and ultimately a more robust and efficacious pandemic preparedness strategy."
|Contact: Barnaby Smith
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology


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Corporations play a critical role in supporting the Phillips. We invite you to become engaged with the museum and its wide circle of leaders, its many audiences, and the greater cultural community in Washington, DC. Corporations of all sizes and sectors support the Phillips. In return, they enjoy exclusive benefits, including public recognition, entertaining privileges, branding opportunities, and free employee admission.
The Phillips offers corporations many ways to engage:
- Become a member of the new Corporate Roundtable
- Sponsor exhibitions and special events
- Underwrite education programming for children, families, and adults
- Define your corporation's unique partnership
The Phillips Collection's Corporate Roundtable is a partnership among senior corporate leaders, Members of Congress and the Administration, the Diplomatic Community, museum trustees and major donors, major art collectors, and international philanthropists to promote and sustain museum founder Duncan Phillips's vision of creating a dynamic environment for collaboration, innovation, scholarship, and public engagement. Members of the Corporate Roundtable convene annually for the following signature engagements:
- The Roundtable Salon
- The International Forum Weekend in Washington
- The Annual Gala and After Party
To learn more, contact:
Karen Bassiri
Director of Corporate Relations
[email protected]
202.387.2151 x 314
The Phillips Collection proudly recognizes the following corporations, among others, as current and recent sponsors and Corporate Roundtable members:
Corporate Roundtable Levels
All benefits at the Partner level, plus:
- Invitation to serve on The Phillips Collection's Development Committee
- All benefits outlined for Co-Chairs of the Annual Gala
- 40% discount on a facility rental for a private event
- Logo included on the corporate partners webpage
All benefits at the Associate level, plus:
- 25% discount on a facility rental for a private event
- Invitation to annual Corporate Circle Roundtable & Reception
- Acknowledgement on the corporate partners webpage
All members enjoy these exclusive benefits:
- Unlimited admission for employees to the permanent collection and special exhibitions for one year
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- Invitation to the annual International Forum Weekend in Washington at the Phillips
- Feature in our Quarterly Investor News distributed to the museum's major donors contributing $5,000 and above
The Phillips Collection values the commitment of its corporate sponsors. For those contributing over and above $30,000, the Phillips will tailor its partnership to meet the goals and objectives of both entities, affording its members a deep engagement with the institution.


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AM'D Carabiner
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It's Not Awkward, It's Reality As adults, we've got our bathroom & "private part" habits down. We know how to keep ourselves comfortable, clean, and efficient. But what happens when we step into the backcountry for the day? For several nights? For a month-long expedition? For those heading into the backcountry with a female anatomy, […]
By Mike Hawkins It has been a long day – one of the most demanding climbing days you have ever experienced. Your legs are wrecked. Your back is sore and you have small bruises on your hips from your hipbelt. You have sunscreen caked into every nook and cranny, but even that didn't keep you […]
By Mike Hawkins "Man, this is a really great pack…" I said it over and over for months until my wife had finally had enough of it. She had to get one for herself. While 50 liters is a little small for most multi-day mountaineering and winter ski tours, the small size is plenty versatile […]
Alpine Ascents International leads expeditions that have become benchmarks of quality in the climbing community. We operate what we believe is the finest mountaineering school in the country. This expertise is based upon years of accumulated experience-not just from individual mountain guides, but through experience on particular mountains where details are fine-tuned over time.
Our guides are an integral part of Alpine Ascents because they understand and share our climbing principles. These individuals are dedicated to sharing their excellence with others. Many of our guides have been with Alpine Ascents for over five years, with a handful of veterans working with us for most of their careers. The quality of our Guide Staff is the primary difference between us and our competitors.
Leave No Trace principles are fundamental to our program, and we encourage all who climb and trek with us to understand proper wilderness practices. We help facilitate this effort by passing on Leave No Trace training and literature to every Alpine Ascents climber.


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On Wednesday, Frank Isola reported that Carmelo Anthony would return to the Knicks, "barring a last-minute change of heart." Despite a later contradiction by Mark Medina, who claimed a decision had not been made, and a waiting-for-LeBron delay in the announcement, it looks like Melo is... ♫ comin' home, he's comin' home!♫
Oh, we're, uh, we're only doing that for LeBron? Moving on.
Citing league sources, both Adrian Wojnarowski and CBS Sports (via Ken Berger) confirm the meat of Isola's report—excepting the day of the announcement, obviously—that Carmelo will return to the Knicks. He is expected to announce his decision on Sunday. Anthony can sign for a maximum of $129 million over five years with the Knicks, $30 million more than anywhere else. Woj says that his Knicks deal could still be less than the maximum, but still north of $120 million.
The Knicks still have a mess of a roster, and will probably not be very good next year, but Phil Jackson is looking to make Melo the center of his 2015 and 2016 free agency renaissance in New York. Anthony informed the other interested teams—Chicago, the Lakers, and Rockets—today of his decision.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
Sources: Carmelo Anthony returning to Knicks [Yahoo]
Carmelo Anthony has decided to re-sign with the Knicks [CBS]


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I'm always coaching speakers to plan ahead, then be ready for anything on the ground. That's two different mindsets: One to get ready, rehearsing for the ideal; two, to toss that out the window and take what the situation brings. And I got a big taste of that last night in a talk I gave in New York City.
I arrived and learned that the room booked for the event was under construction, a fact omitted from all the booking conversations the organizers had had. (They'd in fact learned of it just within the hour.) The only available space was essentially a storefront space in the same building, nearly too small for the group, with tables and chairs packed in tight rows, and windows to the street so any passerby could watch us, if they cared to. Forget great lighting, and think street noise. Unlike the original space, this room also lacked a lectern, microphone, or projection. (Yes, I had slides.) Everything had to be rigged, from setting up refreshments to registering attendees. We'd planned to videotape the presentation, which involved putting a lavalier mic with a very long cord on me and putting the videographer in one of the storefront window bays. Electrical outlets were at a premium, and so was space at the front of the room. At one point, I thought I might have to stand in front of my slides. There'd been just enough notice of the room change that an organizer was able to bring a projector from his office, and it wasn't quite compatible with my laptop—what were the odds of that happening?--so we had to prop up the cord to make sure the connection with the computer didn't fail. One good jostle would've killed the slides, we feared. And, given the few electrical outlets, I had three kinds of cords at my feet, perfect for tripping over. (Yes, I was wearing high heels.)
And here's what happened: What sounds like a speaking disaster turned out to be a great speaking experience, for me and for the audience. Turns out that getting a taste of "be ready for anything" last night was more like lemonade than lemons to me. In fact, I'm still smiling about it, and getting lots of compliments and good feedback from the audience and the organizers.
How'd that happen? Here's the speaker's take:
• The organizers chose a timely topic and knew their audience was motivated: Many in the audience were worried about or affected by shifting employment conditions, or work independently and want to ramp up their marketing. Many, too, are adjusting to using social media as a networking and marketing tool, so they had lots of questions. That's a powerful impetus to stay the course, even in a too-tight space. I'd have to say this audience was one of my most attentive, for which I take absolutely no credit—they had reason to want to hear the information, and the organizers knew that when they approached me with the topic.
• The audience brought it. And by "it," I mean questions. Yes, this is a group of writers and reporters and folks who aren't shy about asking people things in public settings. (One of the organizers nicely asked whether I'd allow questions during my presentation, and my reaction was, "Of course. How would we stop them?") They had challenging questions for me, and no amount of jerry-rigged wiring was going to stop that from happening.
• The organizers are great team--and great turnaround artists. This group's a close-knit network, and it showed last night. Several board members split up the tasks at hand and pitched in to figure out solutions, including bringing a projector and figuring out how to handle the patchwork of audio-visual equipment. As a speaker, if I'm going to run into problems, this is the group I want at my back.
• I take my own advice and prepare: I knew my material, and had developed a brief message—four points on which they could focus—that served as my outline. If push came to shove, I could speak without the slides. The message meant I wasn't using a script, so who needed a lectern, anyway?
In Washington, I hang with a lot of professionals who are frequent speakers, meeting planners and event-throwers, and it's common for folks to leave events like this one running down everything that went wrong and tsk-tsking about it. In this case, no one had the time or inclination to do that, least of all me. Participants hung around to ask questions and help with putting the room to rights, and the organizers took me out for a convivial dinner. People were calm, nice, flexible and willing to make it work—as opposed to panicky, complaining, regretful or anxious. And that's what made this a sweet, not sour, experience for me.
The group—Science Writers in New York—plans to upload video of the presentation soon, and I'll update this post when they do so you can see how we did under, er, adaptive conditions. Speakers, if they call you, accept the invitation. I'm especially grateful to the SWINY board members who came up with the topic, invited me, gathered a great crowd and made me feel at ease and at home.


text: hi i want to run my paytv card on one of my alternative linux receivers. unfurtunalty it´s not that easy. the card is a nagra 3 (N3) card from via embratel. like all N3 cards there is a so called boxkey and RSA. the card can be used in just one set-top-box. the original from the provider. to run it in a dreambox or azbox or what ever i need this rsa and boxkey and put it inside the emulator. this will allow the emulator to read my card just like the original settopbox. i know that i have to dump the firmware from the flash of the original settopbox. this can be done. "no" problem...more or less. lol i will use an up2008 to dump it. this dump will contain the FW which contain the rsa and boxkey. but this FW will be decrypted. and i want to know how i can decrypt it. can you help me?


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Actually, we have been looking forward to your arrival.
All kind of suits, Fans, Motors, LCD, Endstop and so on. Everything you want is here.
All products are free shipping. (The following figure is for reference only.Countries or regions not mentioned can refer to this table.)
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Watch CBSN Live
People watch as the moon rises on the night of the supermoon in Miami Beach, Fla., Aug. 10, 2014.
In the second supermoon, or perigee moon, of the summer, the moon appears 30 percent brighter and 14 percent bigger than normal. Another supermoon will appear September 9.
Credit: Joe Raedle/Getty Images
A supermoon rises above the U.S. Marine Corps War Memorial in Arlington, Va., Aug, 10, 2014.
Credit: Win McNamee/Getty Images
A supermoon hovers over New York City as seen from Weehawken, N.J., Aug. 10, 2014.
Credit: Michael Loccisano/Getty Images
A perigree full moon or supermoon is seen behind clouds over the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., Aug. 10, 2014. Another supermoon will appear September 9.
Credit: Bill Ingalls/NASA
A perigree full moon or supermoon is seen on Aug. 10, 2014 in Washington, D.C.
A supermoon rises at Ipanema beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug. 10, 2014.
Credit: Yasuyoshi Chiba/AFP/Getty Images
The full moon descends behind the Nossa Senhora da Penha Church in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug. 10, 2014.
The supermoon is seen in Ouro Preto, Brazil, Aug. 10, 2014.
Credit: Douglas Magno/AFP/Getty Images
A Catholic procession passes as a supermoon rises in the sky in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug. 10, 2014.
Credit: Mario Tama/Getty Images
The perigee full moon, nicknamed the supermoon, rises between the columns of the Planalto Palace in Brasilia, Brazil, Aug. 10, 2014.
Credit: Evaristo Sa/AFP/Getty Images
A girl plays with a dog as a perigee moon, also known as a supermoon, rises in Madrid, Sunday, Aug. 10, 2014.
Credit: Andres Kudacki/AP
Fireworks explode in front of the supermoon outside the town of Mosta, celebrating the feast of its patron saint, in central Malta, Aug. 10, 2014.
Credit: Darrin Zammit Lupi/Reuters
A supermoon rises while a couple takes a photo in Monterrey, Aug. 10, 2014.
Credit: Daniel Becerril/Reuters
A supermoon rises over the Metropolitan Cathedral in Monterrey, Mexico, Aug. 10, 2014. The astronomical event occurs when the moon is closest to the Earth in its orbit, making it appear much larger and brighter than usual.
A supermoon shines over metro Manila, Philippines, Aug. 11, 2014.
Credit: Romeo Ranoco
A supermoon is seen over downtown Bangkok, Thailand, Aug. 11, 2014.
Credit: Athit Perawongmetha /Reuters


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I was kind of disappointed that it was cloudy on the solstice but we decided to make the best of it and go out and take some pictures.
We left after 1:00 am…
My son, Jacob (a friend), and I went out shooting together.
We drove all the way out to Captain Cook State Park. The skyline was beautiful.
"Rusty give me a Blair Witch Project pose"
We also fit a Bench Monday shot in
We did not get to bed until after 4:00 am, the sun never went down and was coming up. It was a fun night.


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Serious Entertaining: Great Sandwiches for Parties
Seasonal menu planning for the perfect dinner party.
You knew, right? That August is National Sandwich Month? Well, at Serious Eats, every single month is National Sandwich Month. It's a holiday we actually celebrate daily in the form of BLTs and lobster rolls and falafel and and and [insert umpteen other sandwiches here].
But what sandwiches are best for parties? Note: these can be served at Sandwich Month-themed parties or anything-themed parties.
Egg Salad, Salmon, and Radish Sandwich Loaf
Let's be honest, this is basically a sandwich cake (pictured above). You take a whole bread loaf (we used Pullman) and slice it lengthwise, then stack on various savory ingredients. Egg salad with olives, butter with crisp, peppery radishes, smoked salmon with crème fraîche, capers, and dill. Once the loaf is assembled, it gets cut crosswise into one-inch-thick slices. It's like three tea sandwiches for the price of one.
Grill-Pressed Italian Party Panini
Here's a giant Italian party panini that should wowza your guests. The layers go something like this: mortadella, Genoa salami, provolone, and hot capicola topped with marinated veggies, pepperoncinis, roasted red peppers, and lettuce. The whole affair then goes over a medium-low fire and is topped with bricks to compress it down into a warm panini. "This was seriously one the greatest things that came off my grill in a while," professed our grilling columnist Josh.
Sausage and Ricotta Pizza Sandwiches
Bust out the supermarket pizza dough for these sandwiches. Roll the dough onto a sheet pan and brush it with butter and sprinkle on the green-can Parmesan cheese (yeah, we went there), dried oregano, and garlic powder. Stuffed inside the pizza-sandwich: Italian sausages, a chunky red sauce with fragrant basil leaves, and crumbles of whole milk ricotta.
Pork Belly Buns with Spicy Mayo
Buns count as sandwiches, right? [Sandwich gods nod.] Soft bun swaddling crisp pork with pickled accouterments. A platter of these = instant party win.
Herby Goat Cheese Ball
Picture a DIY sandwich station with a bulbous, herb-flecked goat cheese ball at its center and slices of baguette all around. You'd strategically locate yourself near that ball, right?
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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Add to Calendar
February 4, 2019 @ 7:15 pm – 8:30 pm
Studio 1
clair Edwards
Our Pregnancy Yoga classes are:
- Welcoming and friendly
- Always tailored to meet your needs
- Help relieve any pregnancy ailments or aches you have
- Help give you a much need good night's sleep
- Reduces your stress, anxiety and/or fears
- Teaches you key tools and techniques to help you prepare for labour and birth – including our specially designed 'breathe, move & relax for birth' practices
- Meet other lovely mums-to-be!
We believe our approach is unique and comprehensive, pragmatic and practical, giving you the best in nourishing & active yoga, together with the latest in scientific evidence and research.
Everything we share with you is fact based and we understand every women and birth is unique – so we educate and empower YOU to make your own informed decisions on your journey throughout pregnancy, birth and motherhood.
Suitable from 15/16 weeks and right up to full term (or beyond if you go overdue!!)
Drop in £13
5 class pass £60
10 class pass £110
Book your place through the lushtums website or the free Lushtums app


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Feminine look: The halterneck beach body lies wonderfully soft on the skin and features a circular knit with flat, bonded leg seams. The groundbreaking 3W technology integrated into the design ensures the perfect fit. The exclusive material is a true eye-catcher, whether worn as beachwear or lingerie and subtly shapes the feminine figure.
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Legionella pneumophila - Related Links
Legionella pneumophila
Legionella pneumophila is a thin, aerobic, pleomorphic, flagellated, non-spore forming, Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Legionella.[1][2] L. pneumophila is the primary human pathogenic bacterium in this group and is the causative agent of legionellosis or Legionnaires' disease.
L. pneumophila is a gram-negative, non-encapsulated, aerobic bacillus with a single, polar flagellum often characterized as being a coccobacillus. It is aerobic and unable to hydrolyse gelatin or produce urease. It is also non-fermentative. L. pneumophila is neither pigmented nor does it autofluoresce. It is oxidase positive- and catalase-positive, and produces beta-lactamase. L. pneumophila has a colony morphology that is gray-white with a textured, cut-glass appearance; it also requires cysteine and iron to thrive. It will grow on yeast extract in "opal-like" colonies.
Cell membrane structure
While L. pneumophila is categorized as a Gram-negative organism, it stains poorly due to its unique lipopolysaccharide-content in the outer leaflet of the outer cell membrane.[3] The bases for the somatic antigen specificity of this organism is located on the side-chains of its cell wall. The chemical composition of these side chains both with respect to components, as well as arrangement of the different sugars, determines the nature of the somatic or O-antigen determinants, which are important means of serologically classifying many Gram-negative bacteria. At least 35 different serovars of L. pneumophila have been described, as well as several other species being subdivided into a number of serovars.
Sera have been used both for slide agglutination studies as well as for direct detection of bacteria in tissues using fluorescent-labelled antibody. Specific antibody in patients can be determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. ELISA and microagglutination tests have also been successfully applied.
Legionella stains poorly with gram stain, stains positive with silver, and is cultured on charcoal yeast extract with iron and cysteine.
L. pneumophila is a facultative intracellular bacterium that can invade and replicate inside amoebae in the environment, which can thus serve as a reservoir for L. pneumophila, as well as provide protection from environmental stresses, such as chlorination.[4]
Frequency of occurrence
In the USA, about 30 infections with L. pneumophila appear per 100,000 residents per year. The infections peak within the summer months. Within endemic regions, about 4% to 5% of pneumonia are caused by L. pneumophila.[5]
In humans, L. pneumophila invades and replicates in macrophages. The internalization of the bacteria can be enhanced by the presence of antibody and complement, but is not absolutely required. Internalization of the bacteria appears to occur through phagocytosis however L. pneumophila is also capable of infecting non-phagocytic cells through an unknown mechanism. A rare form of phagocytosis known as coiling phagocytosis has been described for L. pneumophila however this is not dependent on the Dot/Icm secretion system and has been observed for other pathogens.[6] Once internalized, the bacteria surround themselves in a membrane-bound vacuole that does not fuse with lysosomes that would otherwise degrade the bacteria. In this protected compartment, the bacteria multiply.
Dot/Icm type IV secretion system
The bacteria use a Type IVB secretion system known as Dot/Icm to inject effector proteins into the host. These effectors are involved in increasing the bacteria's ability to survive inside the host cell. L. pneumophila encodes for over 200 "effector" proteins,[7] which are secreted by the Dot/Icm translocation system in order to interfere with host cell processes in order to aid bacterial survival. One key way in which L. pneumophila uses its effector proteins is to interfere with fusion of the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) with the host's endosomes, and thus protect against lysis.[8] Knock-out studies of Dot/Icm translocated effectors indicate that they are vital for the intracellular survival of the bacterium, however many individual effector protein are thought to function redundantly, in that single effector knock-outs rarely impede intracellular survival. This high number of translocated effector proteins and their redundancy is likely a result of the bacterium having evolved in many different protozoan hosts.[9]
The Legionella containing vacuole (LCV)
In order for Legionella to survive within macrophages and protozoa, it must create a specialized compartment known as the Legionella containing vacuole or LCV. Through the action of the Dot/Icm secretion system, the bacteria is able to prevent degradation by the normal endosomal trafficking pathway and instead replicates. Shortly after internalization, the bacteria specifically recruits endoplasmic reticulum-derived vesicles and mitochondria to the LCV while preventing the recruitment of endosomal markers such as Rab5 and Rab7. Formation and maintenance of the vacuole are crucial for pathogensis, bacteria lacking the Dot/Icm secretion system are non-pathogenic and cannot replicate within cells while deletion of the Dot/Icm effector SdhA results in destabilization of the vacuolar membrane and no bacterial replication.[10][11]
Nutrient acquisition
Once inside the host-cell, Legionella needs nutrients to grow and reproduce. Inside the vacuole, nutrient availability is low; the high demand of amino acids is not covered by the transport of free amino acids found in the host cytoplasm. In order to improve the availability of amino acids, the parasite promotes the host mechanisms of proteasomal degradation. This generates an excess of free amino acids in the cytoplasm of L. pneumophila-infected cells that can be used for intra-vacuolar proliferation of the parasite.
To obtain amino acids, Legionella pneumophila uses the AnkB bona fide F-Box effector, which is farnesylated by the activity of three host enzymes localized in the membrane of the LCV ( Legionella containing vacuole): farnesyltransferase (FTase), Ras-converting enzyme-1 protease (RCE1), and isoprenyl cysteine carboxyl methyl transferase (IcmT). Farnesylation allows AnkB to get anchored into the cytoplasmic side of the vacuole.
Once AnkB is anchored into the LCV membrane, it interacts with the SCF1 ubiquitin ligase complex and functions as a platform for the docking of K48-linked polyubiquitinated proteins to the LCV.
The K48-linked polyubiquitination is a marker for proteasomal degradation that releases 2 to 24 amino acid-long peptides, which are quickly degraded to amino acids by various oligopeptidases and aminopeptidases present in the cytoplasm. Amino acids are imported into the LCV through various amino acid transporters such as the SLC1A5 (Neutral amino acid transporter). The amino acids are the primary carbon and energy source of L. Pneumophila, that have almost 12 classes of ABC transporters, amino acid permeases, and many proteases, to exploit it. The imported amino acids are utilized by L. pneumophila to generate energy through the TCA cycle (Krebs cycle) and as sources of carbon and nitrogen.
However, promotion of proteasomal degradation for the obtention of amino acids may not be the only virulence strategy to obtain carbon and energy sources from the host. Type II–secreted degradative enzymes may provide an additional strategy to generate carbon and energy sources.
The determination and publication of the complete genome sequences of three clinical L. pneumophila isolates in 2004 paved the way for the understanding of the molecular biology of L. pneumophila in particular and Legionella in general. In depth comparative genome analysis using DNA arrays to study the gene content of 180 Legionella strains revealed the high genome plasticity and frequent horizontal gene transfer. Further insight in the L. pneumophila life cycle was gained by investigating the gene expression profile of L. pneumophila in Acanthamoeba castellanii, its natural host. L. pneumophila exhibits a biphasic life cycle and defines transmissive and replicative traits according to gene expression profiles.[2]
Genetic transformation
Transformation is a bacterial adaptation involving the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through the surrounding liquid medium. Transformation is a bacterial form of sex.[12] In order for a bacterium to bind, take up, and recombine exogenous DNA into its chromosome, it must enter a special physiological state referred to as "competence".
To determine which molecules may induce competence in Legionella pneumophila, 64 toxic molecules were tested.[13] Only six of these molecules, all DNA damaging agents, caused strong induction of competence. These were mitomycin C (which introduces DNA inter-strand crosslinks), norfloxacin, ofloxacin and nalidixic acid (inhibitors of DNA gyrase that cause double-strand breaks), bicyclomycin (causes double-strand breaks) and hydroxyurea (causes oxidation of DNA bases). These results suggest that competence for transformation in Legionella pneumophilia evolved as a response to DNA damage.[13] Perhaps induction of competence provides a survival advantage in a natural host, as occurs with other pathogenic bacteria.[12]
Macrolides (azithromycin or clarithromycin) or fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin or moxifloxacin) are the standard treatment for Legionella pneumonia in humans with levofloxicin being considered first line with increasing resistance to azithromycin. Two studies support superiority of levofloxacin over macrolides, although not FDA approved. [14]
- ^ Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1.
- ^ a b Heuner K; Swanson M (editors). (2008). Legionella: Molecular Microbiology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-904455-26-4.
- ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- ^ Greub G, Raoult D (Nov 2003). "Morphology of Legionella pneumophila according to their location within Hartmanella vermiformis". Res Microbiol. 154 (9): 619–21. PMID 14596898. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2003.08.003.
- ^ L. pneumophila, Robert-Koch-Institut
- ^ Rittig, M. G.; Krause, A.; Häupl, T.; Schaible, U. E.; Modolell, M.; Kramer, M. D.; Lütjen-Drecoll, E.; Simon, M. M.; Burmester, G. R. (1992). "Coiling phagocytosis is the preferential phagocytic mechanism for Borrelia burgdorferi". Infection and immunity 60 (10): 4205–4212. PMC 257454. PMID 1398932.
- ^ http://microbiology.columbia.edu/shuman/effectors.html
- ^ Pan X, Lührmann A, Satoh A, Laskowski-Arce MA, Roy CR (Jun 2008). "Ankyrin repeat proteins comprise a diverse family of bacterial type IV effectors". Science 320 (5883): 1651–4. PMC 2514061. PMID 18566289. doi:10.1126/science.1158160.
- ^ Jules M & Buchrieser c (2007). "Legionella pneumophila adaptation to intracellular life and the host response: Clues from genomics and transcriptomics and the host response: Clues from genomics and transcriptomics". FEBS Letters 581: 2829–2838. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.026.
- ^ Harding, C. R.; Stoneham, C. A.; Schuelein, R.; Newton, H.; Oates, C. V.; Hartland, E. L.; Schroeder, G. N.; Frankel, G. (2013). "The Dot/Icm Effector SdhA is Necessary for Virulence of Legionella pneumophila in Galleria mellonella and A/J Mice". Infection and Immunity 81 (7): 2598–2605. PMC 3697626. PMID 23649096. doi:10.1128/IAI.00296-13.
- ^ Creasey, E. A.; Isberg, R. R. (2012). "The protein SdhA maintains the integrity of the Legionella-containing vacuole". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (9): 3481–3486. PMC 3295292. PMID 22308473. doi:10.1073/pnas.1121286109.
- ^ a b Michod, RE; Bernstein, H; Nedelcu, AM (2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens" (PDF). Infection, Genetics and Evolution 8 (3): 267–85. PMID 18295550. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.01.002.
- ^ a b Charpentier X, Kay E, Schneider D, Shuman HA (March 2011). "Antibiotics and UV radiation induce competence for natural transformation in Legionella pneumophila". J. Bacteriol. 193 (5): 1114–21. PMC 3067580. PMID 21169481. doi:10.1128/JB.01146-10.
- ^ The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2013
External links
- Major topic "Legionella pneumophila": free-full text articles in PubMed
- Legionella pneumophila, causative agent of Legionnaire's disease and Pontiac fever at MetaPathogen