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I was relieved and very satisfied
Hi Tom
Everything is going great with my sis and brother. Thank you. Since I ordered my 3 monthly mix for my son I haven't seen any complaints in him that would bother me.
I was relieved and very satisfied with the results.
Thank you for thisDisclaimer: results may vary from person to person and are not based on scientific results.
Content 50 ml
Recommended treatmentAdd to shopping cart Fast delivery - Free shipping on orders of more than $ 34.00
VAT included
Other testimonials* Disclaimer: results may vary from person to person and are not based on scientific results.
I am less reactive, more interested in others and less fearful
Just giving you a quick check in to let you know how things are. It has been 5 days since I received and commenced the remedy you personalised for me.Read the complete testimonial
My son calls them his 'lucky drops'
As promised I am writing you a review about mine and my son's personal mixes with a picture of both of us. :)
Not only do I sleep, but I sleep better
For more than 20 years, I've been living with an important insomnia issue.
Fewer quirks of puberty
I am very happy about the results, it really works! Thank you.
I know immediately if he has not taken his drops
I just wanted to give you a feedback about my son Denis, who takes your personal Bach flower Mix.
Lucas is now dry without having us make him so
I just wanted to let you know that our Lucas is now dry and we don't have to make him pee.
Three months have passed and the situation has improved
Three months have passed since I started to take the Bach flower mix that you advised me about, and I have to say that the situation has improved.
The mixture for my daughter is working very well
I wanted to thank you for the mixture you sent me for my daughter. It is working very well.
I start my day more energized
I have been taking my personal Bach flower mix for two weeks now and I feel really well again.
Tom simply saved my life
More than 20 years of depression, drugs, etc... And just one and a half month of Bach flowers have literally saved my life!
* Disclaimer: results may vary from person to person and are not based on scientific results.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Search terms
Avalon FM series fetal and maternal monitors are Philips first and only to offer automated coincidence detection (cross-channel verification) using Smart Pulse to measure fetal & maternal heart rates separately, enhancing diagnostic confidence.
Request contact
By clicking on the link, you will be leaving the official Royal Philips Healthcare ("Philips") website. Any links to third-party websites that may appear on this site are provided only for your convenience and in no way represent any affiliation or endorsement of the information provided on those linked websites. Philips makes no representations or warranties of any kind with regard to any third-party websites or the information contained therein.
Extensive fetal parameters when key information is needed
Avalon CTS for freedom of movement
IntelliSpace Perinatal connectivity for continuous care
Large, intuitive color display clearly shows status
Triplet monitoring option expands capabilities
Reliability features provide additional support
Smart transducers to simplify operation
Variety of readings for comprehensive understanding
Smart Pulse for automated coincidence detection
External touch display option for flexibility


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Of course she had to add her own personal touch - purple ears. The upside-down V's obviously weren't colorful enough for her taste. This is her first attempt. She watched the video several more times, drawing a girl cat, a boy cat and a cat with weird eyes among others. I think she has Cat the Cat down pat.
Show this short video to your favorite young person. I guarantee they'll want to grab the nearest drawing instrument and try drawing the Cat!


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Avenue de Rhodanie 481000 Lausanne / 7300 Zug
Auf der Karte anzeigen
We are a proud leader in the tobacco industry, with over a century of innovation and investment. We focus on understanding and serving adults who chose to smoke. We know that our industry is controversial, and that presents challenges, but also unique opportunities. Few careers offer the chance to work on leading brands across 180 markets alongside a commitment to sustainability, diversity and opportunity for all. For the right person, we offer unrivalled exposure, a distinctive culture, plus a hugely rewarding and intellectually stimulating career.
Hilf anderen Stellensuchenden und sei der Erste, der diese Firma bewertet.


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Nantucket Off-Shore makes a great line of rubs and seasonings and one of our all time favorites is Mt. Olympus which is a Greek Flavored spice rub that is just fantastic on chicken or lamb! Here is a recipe for Lamb Chops that are simple and fantastic!
3 Tablespoons Mt. Olympus Rub
4 Tablespoons Dijon Mustard
1 Tablespoon Extra Virgin Olive Oil
1 Teaspoon Worcestershire Sauce
4 Lamb Chops
- Mix all of the ingredients in a bowl and spread both sides of lamb chops prior to cooking.
- Grill Lamb Chops over medium direct heat for about 15 Min (For Medium Rare) Spread any leftover mix onto the chops after turning them on the grill.
- Serve them as is or with some currant or mint jelly.
Serves 4
Mt. Olympus Rubbed Lamb Chop Recipe was last modified: August 7th, 2018 by


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1000Bars - Here I Stand [Unsigned Hype]
"Artist @1000BARS out of Flint, Michigan releases video "HERE I STAND" produced by @Bcorderbeats Available on itunes! FOR BOOKING CONTACT (firstname.lastname@example.com)8109645877
twitter.com/1000BARS, ,twitter.com/FAMILY_1st_INC, www.1000BARS.com, www.youtube.com/thereal1000BARS FAMILY OVER RICHES ENT/FAMILY 1ST INC"
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text:
Monorails used to be the vision of futuristic travel. Now, that mode of transit has been mostly reduced to inter-terminal airport travel and family theme parks. Take a step back in time and gander at these bullet-shaped babies in action.
Looking for a bit more travel related imagery? Then check out 20 railroad snowplows, crazy looking armored trains, beautiful but speedy land speed record vehicles, classy streamlined trailers, or Sky Captain gadgets and vehicles. [Oobject]


text: My experience with wooden headphones began five years ago with Audio Technica's Sovereign W1000, a beautiful lively headphone whose smoothness belies its price. Since then, there have been a few: Darth Beyers and Audio Technica's ES9, but few companies have gone the extra step of pairing down their beautiful creations to the tiny real estate of an earphone or earbud. Mingo, home of a famous headphone shop in Hong Kong number among that handful. The WM-2 which comes in two flavours: bass (silver) and vocal (gold), is created from Longan wood and is an excellent-sounding debut model from the company.


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Next up, one of our sales interns…
Mason Sporting his Molly Moo Cow
Name: Mason Lace
Hometown: Wynne, Arkansas
College and major/degree(s): University of Arkansas; Sports Management
Hobbies: Watching any Razorback sporting event; Xbox 360; parties (my parents will love this one)
Likes: Arkansas Razorbacks, Beale Street, loud music, hanging out with friends
Dislikes: Florida Gators & Tebow, any other SEC West team, cold weather, quiet people (they scare me)
Favorite Baseball Team: Atlanta Braves
Favorite Baseball Player of all-time: Chipper Jones
Favorite play in a baseball game: When an outfielder throws a runner out at home to win the game
Favorite Sports Movie of all-time: Hoosiers
Favorite Sports Quote: "Come after me!… I'm a man… I'm 40!"– Oklahoma State head football coach Mike Gundy
Best sports moment as a fan or a player: Watching my Arkansas Razorbacks beat the Tennessee Volunteers my freshman year of college. ESPN Gameday was on campus.
Thing you like most about sports: Being competitive
Why do you want to work in sports? I'm just really interested in sports and business.
What do you want to get out of your internship with the Redbirds? I want to learn anything I can about the business side of a sports organization.
What does your specific internship entail? Sales; lots and lots of calls.
Career Aspirations: To work in the front office for the Dallas Cowboys
Three things you cannot live without: TV, iPhone, and RC Cola
If you were a beverage, what kind of beverage would you be? Sweet tea; it's a classic drink from the South. What's not to love about
Theme song to your life: We Went Out Last Night – Kenny Chesney
What is the background on your cell phone? A picture of Baum Stadium, the Razorbacks baseball stadium
He loves his RC Cola…
Jordan. Out.


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Posted on March 4, 2016
by Elan Mudrow
26 Comments
I once brought a crumb to work with me.
It was accident….
A bit of breakfast cereal,
Oatmeal I think it was
Stuck onto my shirt and dried.
Nobody was offended and the crumb
Was perfectly fine with everything
Category: PoetryTags: Blog, Food, Life, Love, Poem, Poetry, Work, Writing
Alrighty then!
Lol hahahahahahahaha 😂😂😂😂😂 the crumb cared
Nice photo and…an amusing read for my dull afternoon. 🙂
Quite an amusing top off to my day. Good job, sir.
Very good. Lines punch. xx
LikeLiked by 1 person
The washing machine ate it.
I hope you saved it for later?
It's a humble crumble!
Reblogged this on Deuxiemepeau- Picturing Poetry by D. B. Donnelly and commented:
A delightful poem from Elan Mudrow to make you smile on a Saturday
this made me smile, thank you
Oatmeal you say? ….VERY nourishing ….and why would anyone be offended? ….maybe your colleagues thought the crumb enhanced an otherwise plain old workaday shirt .. there's nothing like a little sillyness to lift the spirits sometimes
Reblogged this on wwwpalfitness.
The poster says "It's the Best".
Are we to assume that the Crumb fit that description? Not Oatmeal, surely.
I…. would have been offended.
Made me laugh! While I was talking with a doctor in my office about a mutual patient, he was concentrating on my face but didn't seem to be getting what I was saying. I stopped for a second and he said, "Did you know you have a cornflake stuck on your lip?" OMG, embarrassing! The cornflake was OK with it, though. Nice job, Elan!
LikeLiked by 2 people
Hmmm, I don't know if I got it, but for some reason, this post appealed to me.
Good old crumb, taking one for the team.
This sounds much like those frequent spillages that happen as one gets older (I speak from experience),,,,,,,,:)
mmm… snack for later!
Whimsically brief but a good counter to the grim sludge in the morning news.
Love it!
I got it. Nice.
It is a bit silly, isn't it?
very silly – but I DO like it. Sally
hmm… interesting. awesome as usual. thanks
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text:
Taylor Swift is donating $500,000 to flood relief in Nashville.
The announcement was made on Thursday night's "Flood Relief with Vince Gill and Friends," a telethon held on local station WSMV.
The money will go directly to various flood relief organizations in the city rocked by deadly storms and flooding that killed 30 in three states, including 20 in Tennessee. The gift was announced by the show's host after Swift finished an interview from her tour stop in Des Moines, Iowa. Swift moved to Nashville when she was 14.
"Being at home during the storm, I honestly could not believe what was happening to the city and the people I love so dearly," Swift told The Associated Press in an e-mail. "Nashvilleis my home, and the reason why I get to do what I love. I have always been proud to be a Nashvillian, but especially now, seeing the love that runs through this city when there are people in crisis."
Cleanup and repair is expected to cost more than $1 billion. Thousands of homes were damaged, along with some of Music City's most important landmarks. Pleas to donate to relief organizations started early, and Nashville's musical talent — from local bands and clubs to the biggest stars — are giving their time and money to the effort.
Gill volunteered to host the WSMV telethon and interviewed and played with several of country music's top stars. Keith Urban played the show with a borrowed guitar after his gear was destroyed by the flood.
Country music cable network GAC announced Thursday it will air a telethon on May 16 that will include Brad Paisley, Lady Antebellum, Dierks Bentley, Rodney Atkins and other stars live from the Ryman Auditorium.
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Celebs Who Give Back
VIEW THE PHOTOS: 2010 TIME 100 Gala
PLAY IT NOW: Taylor Swift On Making Time's 100 Most Influential: This Is 'Mind-blowing'
PLAY IT NOW: Taylor Swift On Her New CoverGirl Gig: 'I'm So Excited'
MORE ACCESS ON THESE TOPICS: Taylor Swift - Rock - Music - Charities - Young Hollywood


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Not only does the EF2000iS outperform the competition... but it's quieter, smaller and lighter.
Introducing the brand new EF2000iS inverter generator delivering maximum output with minimum effort. This ingenious generator is powerful, portable and super sleek with lots of great features.
Weighing in at only 20kg, this mighty mouse has enough power to run a microwave oven, a camping fridge, a kettle or a television. It is fitted with a newly designed muffler and air filter to achieve super quiet performance. Its advanced noise block sound reduction system means you can have a conversation without raising your voice. In fact, it is so quiet that you will not even notice that it is running, which you, and your neighbours, will appreciate around the campsite.
Its small size, ease of use and handling make the EF2000iS a perfect companion away from the campsite as well. It can be used at home as a standby generator or to provide power for anywhere from construction sites, to markets, to running outdoor sound systems.
The EF2000iS is also equipped with a parallel use function for when additional power is needed to accommodate a wider range of uses, such as running a combination of appliances in a motorhome or caravan.


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SAP Develops New Strategy for Authoring Tool Integration
SAP NEWSBYTE – In an effort to help discrete manufacturers increase efficiency in engineering and manufacturing, SAP AG (NYSE: SAP) today announced its new plan for authoring tool integration, including a strategy to simplify and expand its offering by integrating authoring tools into the SAP® Product Lifecycle Management application. The SAP® Engineering Control Center integration tool is planned to help companies deliver innovative products and services in a shorter time to market and aims to support a new way of developing products. This ties in with the broader aim of "idea to performance," a holistic business approach to managing the entire life cycle of a product, from design to service.
The pace of technological advance is constantly increasing and puts pressure on manufacturers to be more innovative. Products are becoming more and more complex and are often a combination of mechanics, electronics and software. Product data is stored in multiple repositories, making it difficult for engineers to keep track of product data and to ensure data consistency. SAP's strategy aims to help increase efficiency in engineering and manufacturing through a new comprehensive and flexible integration platform for all authoring tools. SAP Engineering Control Center is intended to provide a 360-degree product view, including mechanics, electronics, software and simulation, offering total transparency across engineering disciplines and promoting visibility of new product introduction process criticality. It is also planned to integrate a heterogeneous authoring tool landscape into SAP Product Lifecycle Management for fewer interfaces and consequently a reduction in maintenance costs.
"Using this new integration tool and integrating data from several authoring tools directly into the product development process is envisioned to enable companies to benefit from faster innovation cycles and simplified R&D processes and handover to manufacturing," said Nils Herzberg, senior vice president and global head of Discrete Industries, SAP AG. "With this planned offering, manufacturing companies shall be able to generate consistent product designs and achieve higher product quality. The tool integration framework is intended to help companies to create a holistic product description, ensure data consistency and reduce operating of their IT landscape."
The integration tool is planned as part of SAP's broader effort to strengthen relationships with its integration partner ecosystem, enabling partners to address even the most complex customer challenges. SAP Engineering Control Center is planned to leverage the experience of DSC Software AG, a long-established development partner of SAP, while other CAD integration partners, including CENIT, CIDEON and .riess engineering, intend to leverage this platform to provide new interfaces to leading authoring tools.
For more information, visit the SAP Newsroom. Follow SAP on Twitter at @sapnews.
Any statements contained in this document that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements as defined in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "forecast," "intend," "may," "plan," "project," "predict," "should" and "will" and similar expressions as they relate to SAP are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. SAP undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. The factors that could affect SAP's future financial results are discussed more fully in SAP's filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), including SAP's most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates.


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Tag Archives: Print On Demand
My Art And Why Print On Demand
Posted on March 2, 2014 by dennisbuckman
The internet is filled with hundreds of companies that offer to help artists sell prints of their work. I have chosen two. Fine Art America and Zazzle. I've learned that POD companies have a very strange attitude when it comes … Continue reading →
Posted in "Flower Planters, Alameda Christian School, Animal Postage, Animals, anniversary gifts, antique cars, Appreciation, Arizona Art, Arizona Mountains, Art & Culture, Art Distribution, Art History, Auto Racing, award winning art, Baby Postage, Baby Showers, Baseball memorbilia, Bird Feeders, Birth Announcements, Birthday Cards, Blank Greeting Cards, Boys Town, Boys Town Alumni, Boys Town Reunions, Bridgeman Art Library, Bridges, Canyons, Cat Postage, Cats, charity, childhood memories, Childrens Parties, Chinese Culture, Christmas Cards, Christmas Postage, City, Coffe Cup, College Baseball, College World Series, Colorful Art, Columbine Flowers, Columbine Painting, Columbine Symbolism, Custom Invitations, CWS, Death Valley, Deep Purple, Desert Paintings, Disney Products, Disney Stamps, Doctors, Easter, Edgar Degas, Egyptian Art, engagement ideas, Fall, Famous Animals, Feeding Birds, First Class Postage, Floral, Floral Greeting Cards, Forgotten, Fun Gift Ideas, Gardening, Get Well Cards, graduation cards, graduation gifts, graduation postage, graphic design, Greek Mythology, Holiday Cards, Holiday Postage, horses, Hospitals, housewarming gifts, Hybrid Roses, interior decorating, Interstate Travel, Iris Gardening, Iris Meaning, Iris Painting, Iris Photography, Iris Symbolism, Jazz, Kentucky, Las Vegas Art, Latin Music, Louisville Kentucky, Marketing Art Work, Memories, midwestern artists, Min-Pin, Mojave Desert, My Dog Skip, Native American Folklore, Nebraska Bridges, Nebraska Humane Society, Nebraska Technical College, Nebraska Travel, Nogales Arizona, Nurses, Oakland California Posters, Omaha Landmarks, Omaha Nebraska, Orchids, Party Invitations, Pennsylvania Art, Pets, Philadelphia Art, Popcorn Art, Popcorn Growers, Posters Cards Gifts, Print On Demand, Qualities of the Wolf, R & B, Ragoon Arizona, reprints, retirement party, Rocking Horses, Rose Gardens, Rosenblatt Stadium, Rural, Sandhill Cranes, save the date cards, Sports, Spring, St. George Utah, St. Joe Missouri, Summer, Sunrise Paintings, Thank You Cards, Trucker Art, Trucker Buddy, Trucking, Trucking Artists, tulip gardens, Union Pacific Railroad, United States Postage, vintage art, Vintage Vehicles, wall art, wall hangings, wedding designs, wedding gifts, wedding invitations, wedding planning, wedding postage, Western Artists, Winter, Wooden Rocking Horses | Tagged "art marketing, Appreciation, Art & Culture, artists for hire, birthday cards, Blank Greeting Cards, Boys Town Graduates, Boys Town Reunion, Camera Filters, camera lenses, canvas prints, commissioned art work, commissioned artists, Create your own posters, custom coffee cups, Custom Postage, custom postage designs, decorating ideas, dennis buckman, dennisbuckman com, Digital Photography, every day greeeting cards, Fine Art America, first class designs, First Class Postage, Floral Art, floral artists, flower paintings, graduation postage, graphic designers, Holiday Cards, Holiday Postage, home remodeling, interior decorating ideas, Interstate Travel, invitation postage, kitchen accessories, kitchen decor, living space designs, marketing artwork, nebraska artists, Pet Postage, planning weddings, POD, postage designers, Posters Cards Gifts, Print On Demand, Rose Paintings, save the date cards, Sympathy Cards, Thank You Cards, thinking of you cards, tributes, unique art, wall hangings, wedding designs, wedding planners, wedding planning, wedding postage, zazzle | Leave a comment
I KNOW It's After Christmas!
Posted on January 22, 2013 by dennisbuckman
My First Christmas In Nebraska Canvas Print FIRST let me say, "Don't panic!" If you click on this print, the link will take you to the large canvas version! Very expensive! There are other printing formats and sizes available, if … Continue reading →
Posted in Art & Culture, Blank Greeting Cards, Boys Town, Boys Town Alumni, City, Coffe Cup, First Class Postage, graduation cards, Interstate Travel, midwestern artists, Nebraska Travel, Omaha Nebraska, Posters Cards Gifts, United States Postage | Tagged Art & Culture, Blank Greeting Cards, Boys Town, Boys Town Alumni, Boys Town Graduates, Boys Town Memories, Boys Town Nebraska, Boys Town Reunion, Childhood Memories, Church Paintings, Church Scenes, City, Coffe Cup, Custom Coffee Cup, Custom Postage, decorating ideas, Decorating Ideas, dennis buckman, Digital Art, Digital Photography, every day greeeting cards, Every Day Greeting Cards, First Class Postage, graduation cards, home made camera filters, Interstate Travel, Memories, midwestern artists, nebraska artists, Nebraska Landmarks, Nebraska Travel, Oil Painting, Omaha Artists, Omaha Landmarks, Omaha Nebraska, Photography, Posters Cards Gifts, Print On Demand, rural art, Unique Christmas Gifts, United States Postage, USPS Postage, Wall Hangings, Winter Landscapes | 1 Comment


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In the twilight of Moore's Law, the transitions to multicore processors, GPU computing, and hardware or infrastructure as a service (HaaS) cloud computing are not separate trends, but aspects of a single trend mainstream computers from desktops to "smartphones" are being permanently transformed into heterogeneous supercomputer clusters. Henceforth, a single compute-intensive application will need to harness different kinds of cores, in immense numbers, to get its job done.
The free lunch is over. Now welcome to the hardware jungle.
From 1975 to 2005, our industry accomplished a phenomenal mission: In 30 years, we put a personal computer on every desk, in every home, and in every pocket.
In 2005, however, mainstream computing hit a wall. In "The Free Lunch Is Over (A Fundamental Turn Toward Concurrency in Software)," I described the reasons for the then-upcoming industry transition from single-core to multicore CPUs in mainstream machines, why it would require changes throughout the software stack from operating systems to languages to tools, and why it would permanently affect the way we as software developers have to write our code if we want our applications to continue exploiting Moore's transistor dividend.
In 2005, our industry undertook a new mission: to put a personal parallel supercomputer on every desk, in every home, and in every pocket. 2011 was special: it's the year that we completed the transition to parallel computing in all mainstream form factors, with the arrival of multicore tablets (such as iPad 2, Playbook, Kindle Fire, Nook Tablet) and smartphones (for example, Galaxy S II, Droid X2, iPhone 4S). 2012 will see us continue to build out multicore with mainstream quad- and eight-core tablets (as Windows 8 brings a modern tablet experience to x86 as well as ARM), and the last single-core gaming console holdout will go multicore (as Nintendo's Wii U replaces Wii.
This time, it took us just six years to deliver mainstream parallel computing in all popular form factors. And we know the transition to multicore is permanent, because multicore delivers compute performance that single-core cannot and there will always be mainstream applications that run better on a multicore machine. There's no going back.
For the first time in the history of computing, mainstream hardware is no longer a single-processor von Neumann machine, and never will be again.
That was the first act.
Overview: Trifecta
It turns out that multicore is just the first of three related permanent transitions that layer on and amplify each other; as the timeline in Figure 1 illustrates.
Figure 1.
- Multicore (2005-). As explained previously.
- Heterogeneous cores (2009-). A single computer already typically includes more than one kind of processor core, as mainstream notebooks, consoles, and tablets all increasingly have both CPUs and compute-capable GPUs. The open question in the industry today is not whether a single application will be spread across different kinds of cores, but only "how different" the cores should be. That is, whether they should be basically the same with similar instruction sets but in a mix of a few big cores that are best at sequential code plus many smaller cores best at running parallel code (the Intel MIC model slated to arrive in 2012-2013, which is easier to program), or should they be cores with different capabilities that may only support subsets of general-purpose languages like C and C++ (the current Cell and GPGPU model, which requires more complexity including language extensions and subsets).
Heterogeneity amplifies the first trend (multicore), because if some of the cores are smaller, then we can fit more of them on the same chip. Indeed, 100x and 1,000x parallelism is already available today on many mainstream home machines for programs that can harness the GPU.
We know the transition to heterogeneous cores is permanent because different kinds of computations naturally run faster and/or use less power on different kinds of cores and different parts of the same application will run faster and/or cooler on a machine with several different kinds of cores.
- Elastic compute cloud cores (2010-). For our purposes, "cloud" means specifically HaaS delivering access to more computational hardware as an extension of the mainstream machine. This trend started to hit the mainstream with commercial compute cloud offerings from Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google App Engine (GAE), and others.
Cloud HaaS again amplifies both of the first two trends, because it's fundamentally about deploying large numbers of nodes where each node is a mainstream machine containing multiple and heterogeneous cores. In the cloud, the number of cores available to a single application is scaling fast. In mid-2011, Cycle Computing delivered a 30,000-core cloud for under $1,300/hour using AWS) and the same heterogeneous cores are available in compute nodes (e.g., AWS already offers "Cluster GPU" nodes with dual nVIDIA Tegra M2050 GPU cards, enabling massively parallel and massively distributed CUDA applications).
In short, parallelism is not just in full bloom, but increasingly in full variety.
This article will develop four key points:
- Moore's End. We can observe clear evidence that Moore's Law is ending because we can point to a pattern that precedes the end of exploiting any kind of resource. But there's no reason to panic, because Moore's Law limits only one kind of scaling, and we have already started another kind.
- Mapping one trend, not three. Multicore, heterogeneous cores, and HaaS cloud computing are not three separate trends, but aspects of a single trend: putting a personal heterogeneous supercomputer cluster on every desk, in every home, and in every pocket.
- The effect on software development. As software developers, we will be expected to enable a single application to exploit a jungle of enormous numbers of cores that are increasingly different in kind (specialized for different tasks) and different in location (from local to very remote; on-die, in-box, on-premises, in-cloud). The jungle of heterogeneity will continue to spur deep and fast evolution of mainstream software development, but we can predict what some of the changes will be.
- Three distinct near-term stages of Moore's End. And why "smartphones" aren't, really.
Let's begin with the end of Moore's Law.
Mining Moore's Law
We've been hearing breathless "Moore's Law is ending" announcements for years. That Moore's Law would end was never news; every exponential progression must. Although it didn't end when some prognosticators expected, its end is possible to forecast we just have to know what to look for, and that is diminishing returns.
A key observation is that exploiting Moore's Law is like exploiting a gold mine or any other kind of resource. Exploiting a gold ore deposit never just stops abruptly; rather, running a mine goes through phases of increasing costs and diminishing returns until finally the gold that's left in that patch of ground is no longer commercially exploitable and operating the mine is no longer profitable.
Mining Moore's Law has followed the same pattern. Let's consider its three major phases, where we are now in transition from Phase II to Phase III. And throughout this discussion, never forget that the only reason Moore's Law is interesting at all is because we can transform its raw resource (more transistors) into a useful form (either greater computational throughput or lower cost).
Phase I, Moore's Motherlode = Unicore "Free Lunch" (1975-2005)
When you first find an ore deposit and open a mine, you focus your efforts on the motherlode, where everybody gets to enjoy a high yield and a low cost per pound of gold extracted.
For 30 years, mainstream processors mined Moore's motherlode by using their growing transistor budgets to make a single core more and more complex so that it could execute a single thread faster. This was wonderful because it meant the performance was easily exploitable compute-bound software would get faster with relatively little effort. Mining this motherlode in mainstream microprocessors went through two main subphases as the pendulum swung from simpler to increasingly complex cores:
- In the 1970s and 1980s, each chip generation could use most of the extra transistors to add One Big Feature (for example, on-die floating point unit, pipelining, out of order execution) that would make single-threaded code run faster.
- In the 1990s and 2000s, each chip generation started using the extra transistors to add or improve two or three smaller features that would make single-threaded code run faster, and then five or six smaller features, and so on.
Figure 2 shows how the pendulum swung toward increasingly complex single cores, with three sample chips: the 80286, 80486, and Pentium Extreme Edition 840. Note that the chips' boxes are to scale by number of transistors.
Figure 2.
By 2005, the pendulum had swung about as far as it could go toward the complex single-core model. Although the motherlode has been mostly exhausted, we're still scraping ore off its walls in the form of some continued improvement in single-threaded code performance, but no longer at the historically delightful exponential rate.
Phase II, Secondary Veins = Homogeneous Multicore (2005-)
As a motherlode gets used up, miners concentrate on secondary veins that are still profitable but have a more moderate yield and higher cost per pound of extracted gold. So when Moore's unicore motherlode started getting mined out, we turned to mining Moore's secondary veins using the additional transistors to make more cores per chip. Multicore let us continue to deliver exponentially increasing compute throughput in mainstream computers, but in a form that was less easily exploitable because it placed a greater burden on software developers who had to write parallel programs that could use the hardware.
Moving into Phase II took a lot of work in the software world. We've had to learn to write "new free lunch" applications ones that have lots of latent parallelism and so can once again ride the wave to run the same executable faster on next year's hardware, hardware that still delivers exponential performance gains but primarily in the form of additional cores. And we're mostly there — we have parallel runtimes and libraries like Intel Threading Building Blocks (TBB) and Microsoft Parallel Patterns Library (PPL), parallel debuggers and parallel profilers, and updated operating systems to run them all.
But this time the phase didn't last 30 years. We barely have time to catch our breath, because Phase III is already beginning.
Phase III, Tertiary Veins = Heterogeneous Cores (2011-)
As our miners are forced to move into smaller and smaller veins, yields diminish and costs rise. The miners are turning to Moore's tertiary veins: Using Moore's extra transistors to make not just more cores, but also different kinds of cores and in very large numbers because the different cores are often smaller and swing the pendulum back toward the left.
There are two main categories of heterogeneity, see Figure 3.
Figure 3.
- Big/fast vs. small/slow cores. The smallest amount of heterogeneity is when all the cores are general-purpose cores with the same instruction set, but some cores are beefier than others because they contain more hardware to accelerate execution (notably by hiding memory latency using various forms of internal concurrency). In this model, some cores are big complex ones that are optimized to run the sequential parts of a program really fast, while others are smaller cores that are optimized to get better total throughput for the scalably parallel parts of the program. However, even though they use the same instruction set, the compiler will often want to generate different code; this difference can become visible to the programmer if the programming language must expose ways to control code generation. This is Intel's approach with Xeon (big/fast) and MIC (small/slow) which both run approximately the x86 instruction set.
- General vs. specialized cores. Beyond that, we see systems with multiple cores having different capabilities, including that some cores may not be able to support all of a mainstream language like C or C++. In 2006-2007, with the arrival of the PlayStation 3, the IBM Cell processor led the way by incorporating different kinds of cores on the same chip, with a single general-purpose core assisted by eight or more special-purpose SPU cores. Since 2009, we have begun to see mainstream use of GPUs to perform computation instead of just graphics. Specialized cores like SPUs and GPUs are attractive when they can run certain kinds of code more efficiently, both faster and more cheaply, which is a great bargain if your workload fits it.
GPGPU is especially interesting because we already have an underutilized installed base: A significant percentage of existing mainstream machines already have compute-capable GPUs just waiting to be exploited. With the June 2011 introduction of AMD Fusion and the November 2011 launch of NVIDIA Tegra 3, systems with CPU and GPU cores on the same chip is becoming a new norm. That installed base is a big carrot, and creates an enormous incentive for compute-intensive mainstream applications to leverage that patiently waiting hardware. To date, a few early adopters have been using technologies like CUDA, OpenCL, and more recently C++ AMP to harness GPUs for computation. Mainstream application developers who care about performance need to learn to do the same; see Table 1.
Table 1.
But that's pretty much it we currently know of no other major ways to exploit Moore's Law for compute performance, and once these veins are exhausted, it will be largely mined out.
We're still actively mining for now, but the writing on the wall is clear: "mene mene diminishing returns" demonstrate that we've entered the endgame.


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Tiger Managed Services (SaaS)
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Advance Scout: Charlotte
Following their series split in Gwinnett, the Buffalo Bisons begin a four-game series against the Charlotte Knights on Friday night to finish of their final road trip against the IL-Southern division.
Buffalo took 3-of-4 in mid-May during the clubs' first series of the year. The Bisons snapped a 7-game losing streak against the Knights with their win on May 19 at Coca-Cola Field and proceeded to win the next three in the series. The Herd is now 48-52 against Charlotte since 1998.
Probables for Bisons & Knights series:
6/25 RHP Tobi Stoner (3-6, 5.16) vs. RHP Daniel Hudson (9-3, 3.89) 7:15 pm
6/26 RHP Dylan Owen (3-3, 6.39) vs. RHP Carlos Torres (5-5, 3.08) 7:15 pm
6/27 LHP Pat Misch (6-3, 3.49) vs. RHP Jeff Marquez (6-4, 4.35) 2:15 pm
6/28 RHP Ramon Ortiz (0-0, 4.50) vs. RHP Matt Zaleski (5-5, 3.18) 7:15 pm
HOT AS THE WEATHER: The Knights enter tonight's game having won eight of their last ten games, and are fresh off a six game win streak. The win streak was their longest win streak of the season. The Knights had previously won three straight games on six separate occasions throughout the season. Over the course of the past ten games the Knights have improved from 28-37 (11.5 games out of first place) to 36-39 (8.0 games out of first place).
PITCHING STAFF HONORS: Charlotte Knights pitcher Matt Zaleski was named the International League Pitcher of the Week this past week. Zaleski made one start for the Knights last week pitching 7.0 shutout innings on June 18th at the Rochester Red Wings en route to his fifth win of the season. The 28-year-old right hander from North Aurora , Illinois set a season high with eight strikeouts against the Red Wings. Zaleski is the second Knights pitcher to be named the League's Pitcher of the Week, his teammate Carlos Torres has been honored twice this season.
THE FLEET FOOTED CATCHER: Knights catcher Tyler Flowers hit an inside the park home run in Tuesday night's win at Syracuse. It was the first inside the park home run of Flowers' career and his team-leading 15th home run of the season. The Knights power hitting catcher is now tied for the third in the IL in home runs.
ALEJANDRO GOES GAGA: OF Alejandro De Aza has hit safely in ten straight games (not to mention 16 of 17 games) dating back to before he was placed on the Knights disabled list May 3. Over his last ten games played, he has gone 18-37 (.486), with one home run, double and 5 RBI.
Looking Back at Buffalo & Indy: Series I
5/18/10: CHA 8, BUF 6 (11 innings)
Valentino Pascucci's ninth inning opposite field home run tied the game at six and sent the game into extra innings, but the Herd could not provide any more offense in the extra frames, losing 8-6 against the Charlotte Knights. The Knights struck in the eleventh when Robert Hudson scored off of a Jordan Danks single. The Knights then extended their lead when Dayan Viciedo doubled to center to drive home Danks and give the Knights a two run lead they would not relinquish. Third baseman Mike Hessman was one of the bright spot for the Herd in the losing effort. Hessman, going 2-3, added to his league high totals in home runs and RBI's when he hit a two-run home run in the first and drove in another run in the third. Hessman launched a 1-1 pitch to left field to bring his season total of home runs to 13, two more than Dan Johnson of Durham. Hessman is also now eight RBI ahead of Colorado's Carlos Santana. John Lujan (1-1) was charged with the loss in relief. For the Knights, Kyle McCulloch (1-0) was credited with the win, and Greg Aquino picked up his fifth save of the season. Tobi Stoner started the game for the Bisons, completing five innings while allowing six runs (two earned) on six hits. BISONS NOTES: Pridie left the game in the sixth when he was injured running to first off of a bunt. Manager Ken Oberkfell said after the game that he expects the centerfield to miss some time. Josh Thole also left the game with an injury in the eleventh. While catching, Thole tripped over a bat when trying to make a tag on the eventual game-winning run. Oberkfell was more optimistic on the status of Thole's injury. Buffalo left 12 men on base.
Mike Hessman continued his hot streak Wednesday night in a 10-6 Bisons win over Charlotte. Hessman added to his league high totals of home runs and RBI, hitting his 14th home run in the first inning and now has 47 RBI. The Herd's offense then erupted in the seventh inning. Batting around the order, the Bisons had the first seven batters get on base. Right fielder Jesus Feliciano and second baseman Russ Adams led off the inning with back to back doubles. First baseman Valentino Pascucci added another double when he drove the ball to right field allowing Adams and Mike Jacobs to score. Left fielder D.J. Wabick recorded his first three RBI of the season when he hit a bases clearing double to extend the lead to 10-3. Jesus Feliciano went 1-5 on the day to bring his league leading average down to .368. Starting pitcher Dylan Owen had a solid outing in his Triple A debut. Picking up the win, Owen pitched seven innings and gave up six hits while allowing only three runs. Owen also struck out seven in his debut.
Pat Misch was once again dominant as he pitched another gem in a 3-1 win for the Bisons Thursday night over Charlotte. Over seven innings of work, Misch gave up only three hits and allowed one run, when designated hitter Donny Lucy hit a solo shot. Lucy's home run ended Misch's streak of 14 consecutive scoreless innings pitched. The Herd answered in the bottom of the fifth inning, shortstop Ruben Tejada led off the inning with a single to left field and would eventually score on Jesus Feliciano's double to right to give the Herd a lead they would not relinquish. The Herd would add an insurance run in the seventh inning when Tejada was again driven home by Feliciano on a sacrifice fly. Tejada finished 2-3 with a single and a double and Feliciano went 1-3 with two RBI and extended his hitting streak to nine games. After going 1-3 Feliciano's league high batting average dropped one point to .368. Right handed pitcher Ryota Igarashi pitched one inning for the Herd in his rehab assignment for the Mets. In his inning of relief, Igarashi allowed only one hit when shortstop Brent Lillibridge doubled to center field. Igarashi threw 19 pitches in his inning of work and made the most of them as 13 were for strikes.
Bisons catcher Josh Thole had perhaps his best day at the plate so far this season in a 7-1 win Friday night at Coca-Cola field. Thole was a triple away from the cycle and went 3-4 with two RBI and two runs for the night. Thole started off the game with his first home run of the season when he sent a 0-1 pitch to right field to give the Herd a 2-0 lead in the second inning. Thole continued to rip the cover off the ball as he doubled to left after the ball just went passed the outstretched glove of Knights left fielder Josh Kroeger. Bisons left fielder Andy Green also had a productive night at the plate. Batting behind Thole, Green also went 3-4 on the night with three singles and drove in one run while accounting for another in the fifth. Second baseman Russ Adams added to the Herd's offensive production, doubling twice as the Herd got to the Knights pitching staff for 14 hits as a team. The Herd got seven strong innings from their starting pitcher for the second night in a row. After Pat Misch limited the Knights to one run and only three hits in seven innings last night, starting pitcher Bobby Livingston turned in a similar performance. Livingston pitched seven strong innings and only gave up two hits while allowing one run to end his personal three game losing streak. Livingston also struck out six Knights, a season high for the left hander. Providing Livingston with run support was a problem the Herd faced all year. In his previous seven starts Livingston was only provided with 12 runs of support by his teammates. That statistic was not a factor tonight as all of the Bisons seven runs came during Livingston's seven innings of work. In his second day of his MLB rehab assignment, relief pitcher Ryota Igarashi pitched another inning of scoreless relief. In his one inning Igarashi gave up no hits and struck out one while throwing 16 pitches and having ten of them count for strikes. For the Knights, starting pitcher Jeff Marquez was jumped on early and often. After right fielder Jesus Feliciano led off the game with a single, Marquez had trouble recording outs against the Herd. Over four and two thirds innings Marquez gave up ten hits to the Bisons and allowed six runs, five of them earned. With the win the Bisons climb to 25-17 and remain a game back of the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees in the division. The Bisons are now 16-6 at home and are tied for most home wins in the International League with the Yankees. BISONS NOTES: By going 2-4 with a walk on the night, right fielder Jesus Feliciano improved his league high batting average to .371. After an eight game home stand where the Herd went 6-2 they will travel for a four game series with the Leigh Valley Ironpigs before returning home for another eight game home stand.


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For a real sense of a country and its inhabitants, it's always best to stay with the locals and meet as many residents as possible. The population of Kerala are particularly friendly and welcoming, and these experiences will leave you with a unique understanding of the Indian state.
Learn to cook Keralan style
© Santhosh Varghese/Shutterstock
Whether it's a masala dosa, idli or a fiery chutney, after a couple of days at The Pimenta on Haritha Farms, you'll be amazed at how many new vegetarian dishes you have in your repertoire. The Mathew family runs the farm, and head honcho Jacob is also in charge of the kitchen; a calm, authoritative master of Keralan cuisine, he will help you get the most from the flavoursome spices and fruits that are grown on the estate. The Pimenta offers a variety of holiday packages, combining cooking lessons with unusual trips such as visiting a small factory that produces Bombay mix and a fascinating three-woman rubber band-making enterprise. A cooking holiday here ensures you take home more than just a few new recipes.
For directions, prices and packages see www.thepimenta.com.
Spice up your life at Vanilla County
A large spice plantation surrounds this 60-year-old former tea-estate bungalow in the hills of northern Kerala, so there's little chance of you being bothered by the neighbours. And as the organically grown vanilla, pepper and cardamom are used to flavour the traditional Keralan dishes – served up here by Rani, who is head chef in the home she shares with her husband, Babi – you'll be tucking into some delicious, aromatic food too. The estate is high enough in the hills to escape both the mosquitoes and the humidity, and after a long walk through the plantations, a swim in the nearby natural rock pools is a wonderful way to cool off.
For directions, prices and details of activities see www.vanillacounty.in.
Have Thottada beach to yourself
If all-night parties and banana boats are your thing, you're on the wrong beach. Here, on little-known Thottada beach in northern Kerala, you'll get a length of palm-fringed shoreline to yourself, bar a few fishermen hauling in their catch. Kannur Beach House, two minutes from the beach and next to a freshwater lagoon, is the place to stay: the comfortable rooms have wonderful views of the pristine sands, the friendly owners cook and dine with you, and will take you on various trips to hand-looming workshops and traditional Theyyam (dance) festivals – there's even a boat you can borrow, but you'll probably have to row that yourself.
For directions, rates and booking visit www.kannurbeachhouse.com.
Explore the hidden backwaters at Emerald Isle
© YKD/Shutterstock
One quick glance at your surroundings will confirm that Emerald Isle is a very aptly named place. Hidden among swaying coconut palms and ringed by a complex web of water canals is the beautiful 150-year-old Heritage Villa, the family home of your hosts for generations. Sunbathe, swim and swing in your hammock – or, if you're tempted to join the river traffic drifting by, jump in a small wooden canoe with a guide and glide round some of the waterways. This way you'll meet the local people up close, see workers tending the paddy fields, and visit nearby temples and churches; a rewarding and exhilarating insight into the secret backwaters of Kerala.
For directions, details of activities, prices and reservations see www.emeraldislekerala.com.
Beat stress the natural way at Philipkutty's Farm
Philipkutty's farm, set on an island in the middle of Lake Vembanad, has been in the family since the 1950s, and the holidays they run here are very much a family concern; mum cooks, while the husband-and-wife team look after the guests. The warm hospitality will eliminate any stress you might still have with you, while daily activities can include fishing, a canal cruise, cooking classes or swimming in the backwaters. To really unwind, take the free 10min boat ride over to the neighbouring Ayurvedic centre. Whether you just pop over there for a massage or book in for anything up to a thirty-day course of pampering treatments, you'll be benefiting from a system of health they've been honing in Kerala for over two millennia.
Prices on request. For directions, rates, reservations and details of activities visit www.philipkuttysfarm.com.
Fish for prawns in Cochin
Kerala's prime tourist destination, and, for centuries, an important fishing harbour, Cochin is a fantastic city in which to spend a few days. Stay with Jos Byju and his wife in their converted coconut storehouse alongside the family's home, set on a promontory overlooking the lake. In the morning, Jos will take you to meet a local prawn farmer who will teach you how to cast out a fisherman's net; afterwards you'll feast on the prawns you've just caught. Once you've had your fill, there's plenty to see and do in Cochin: art galleries, boutiques, churches, boat trips and, of course, more fishing…there's dinner to eat later.
For directions, accommodation details, prices and more information visit gramamhomestay.com; + 91 484 224 0278.
Top image by Britta Jaschinski/APA Publications


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Multimedia Production
Information Technology Services provides production services in support of faculty creating multimedia materials for use in their courses, as well as multimedia assistance to students working on academic projects. Multimedia projects have included the creation of digitized collections from 35mm slides, conversion of video presentations to CD-ROM and DVD formats, and the creation of fully interactive multimedia presentations.
The Instructional Support and Training [ISAT] team provides the following production services to UIS faculty, students, and staff:
- CD/DVD Duplication
- Digital Audio and Video Editing
- Graphic Design
- Multimedia Authoring
- Photo Imaging
- Smart Classroom Training
- Software Training/Workshop
- Universal Design and Accessibility
- Web Design
The Digital Editing Suite [eSuite] is a studio for digital audio and video production. Users can create CDs and DVDs, record voice-overs for presentation slides, and capture/mix audio in a studio environment.
The eSuite is used for recording audio lectures for course-related podcasts. Several faculty members at UIS have taken a learner-centered approach at integrating podcasting into their courses.
Multimedia Lab
Located in BRK 180, this facility is available for faculty, staff, and students to develop multimedia projects. This is a specialized lab of eighteen stations focused on computer graphics, digital video and audio production. Equipment such as scanners, CD and DVD burners, digital slide scanners, analog/digital video converters, and laser color printers are available for use.
Multimedia Classroom
The Multimedia classroom in BRK 141B is equipped with high-end Macintosh computer workstations, flatbed scanners, and video-editing capabilities. The classroom is also equipped with audio and video projection capabilities, and an interactive whiteboard. All ITS workshops are offered in the Multimedia classroom.


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Recently I was troubleshooting a connectivity issue in a development environment from an application. The application was using the connection string as
"Provider=sqloledb;Data Source=myserver\instance1,1433;Network=DBMSSOCN;Initial Catalog=mydb;Integrated Security=SSPI;"
I was able to connect to the SQL SERVER from SSMS, however when connecting from an application it was throwing the error
[DBNETLIB][ConnectionOpen (Connect()).]SQL Server does not exist or access denied
This is very generic one and can happen due to many reasons like
(1) Account may not have access or password might be wrong
(2) Connection might be blocked by a firewall
(3) Since it is a named instance, the port might be different. In some cases it might be dynamic also, for which the SQL Server Browser service should be up and running.
Looking at the connection string, everything looked good except for the "Network". I had no idea of what it is. Googling led me to this KB article from Microsoft which clearly explains what it is.
Basically when an application is trying to connect to SQL SERVER, if one protocol fails then it tries to connect with another protocol. Example, assuming TCP/IP is enabled as primary and Named Pipes as secondary. When an application tries to connect to SQL SERVER, it first tries with TCP/IP. If that did not succeed, it tries with Named Pipes. If that also fails, then only it throws the error.
However, we can force the application to use only one protocol and that is done by the "Network" keyword in the connection string. This article defines all the options available for "Network".
In my case the option "DBMSSOCN" corresponds to TCP/IP and it was disabled in the development machine. Enabling it, using this article, fixed the issue.


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Invasion of Kuwait
|Invasion of Kuwait
|Part of the Gulf War and the Persian Gulf Conflicts
|Commanders and leaders
|Saddam Hussein
|Jaber III
Kuwaiti Army 16,000[5]
|Casualties and losses
39 aircraft (est.).
295 killed, 361 wounded
≈120 tanks and other armored vehicles[7]
4 ships sunk
57 aircraft lost,[8]
At least 8 aircraft captured (Mirage F1s)
4,200 killed,[9]
12,000 captured
≈200 tanks destroyed/captured
850+ other armored vehicles destroyed/captured[10][11][12][13]
17 ships sunk, 6 captured[14][15][16]
The Invasion of Kuwait, also known as the Iraq–Kuwait War, was a major conflict between Ba'athist Iraq and the Emirate of Kuwait, which resulted in the seven-month-long Iraqi occupation of Kuwait, and subsequently led to direct military intervention by US-led forces in the Gulf War and the setting alight by Iraq of 600 Kuwaiti oil wells.
In 1990 Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum through slant drilling, although some Iraqi sources indicated Saddam Hussein's decision to attack Kuwait was made a few months before the actual invasion.[17] Some feel there were several reasons for the Iraqi move, including Iraq's inability to pay more than US$14 billion that had been borrowed to finance the Iran–Iraq war, and Kuwaiti production of a large amount of petroleum which kept revenues down for Iraq.[9] The invasion started on 2 August 1990, and within two days of intense combat, most of the Kuwait Armed Forces were either overrun by the Iraqi Republican Guard or fell back to neighboring Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The Emirate of Kuwait was annexed, and Saddam Hussein announced a few days later that it was the 19th province of Iraq.
Dispute over the financial debt
When the Iran–Iraq War broke out, Kuwait initially stayed neutral and also tried mediating between Iran and Iraq. In 1982, Khomeini openly attempted exporting the Iranian Revolution to Kuwait. As a result, Kuwait supported Iraq in order to prevent Iranian hegemony in Kuwait. In 1982–1983, Kuwait began sending significant financial aid to Iraq. Kuwait's large-scale economic assistance to Iraq often triggered hostile Iranian actions against Kuwait. Iran repeatedly targeted Kuwaiti oil tankers in 1984 and fired weapons at Kuwaiti security personnel stationed on Bubiyan island in 1988.[18] During the Iran–Iraq War, Kuwait functioned as Iraq's major port once Basra was shut down by the fighting.[19] However, after the war ended, the friendly relations between the two neighbouring Arab countries turned sour for several economic and diplomatic reasons that culminated in an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
By the time the Iran–Iraq War ended, Iraq was not in a financial position to repay the US$14 billion it borrowed from Kuwait to finance its war and requested that Kuwait forgive the debt.[9] Iraq argued that the war had prevented the rise of Iranian hegemony in Kuwait. However, Kuwait's reluctance to pardon the debt created strains in the relationship between the two countries. During late 1989, several official meetings were held between the Kuwaiti and Iraqi leaders but they were unable to break the deadlock between the two.
Alleged economic warfare and slant drilling
In 1988 Iraq's Oil Minister, Issam al-Chalabi, stressed a further reduction in the crude oil production quota of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) members so as to end the 1980s oil glut.[20] Chalabi argued that higher oil prices would help Iraq increase its revenues and pay back its US$60 billion debt.[20] However, given its large downstream petroleum industry, Kuwait was less concerned about the prices of crude oil and in 1989, Kuwait requested OPEC to increase the country's total oil production ceiling by 50% to 1.35 million bpd.[21] Throughout much of the 1980s, Kuwait's oil production was considerably above its mandatory OPEC quota and this had prevented a further increase in crude oil prices.[21] A lack of consensus among OPEC members undermined Iraq's efforts to end the oil glut and consequently prevented the recovery of its war-crippled economy.[22] According to former Iraqi Foreign Minister Tariq Aziz, "every US$1 drop in the price of a barrel of oil caused a US$1 billion drop in Iraq's annual revenues triggering an acute financial crisis in Baghdad".[19] It was estimated that between 1985 and 1989, Iraq lost US$14 billion a year due to Kuwait's oil price strategy.[23] Kuwait's refusal to decrease its oil production was viewed by Iraq as an act of aggression against it.
The increasingly tense relations between Iraq and Kuwait were further aggravated when Iraq alleged that Kuwait was slant-drilling across the international border into Iraq's Rumaila field. The dispute over Rumaila field started in 1960 when an Arab League declaration marked the Iraq–Kuwait border 2 miles north of the southernmost tip of the Rumaila field.[24] During the Iran–Iraq War, Iraqi oil drilling operations in Rumaila declined while Kuwait's operations increased. In 1989, Iraq accused Kuwait of using "advanced drilling techniques" to exploit oil from its share of the Rumaila field. Iraq estimated that US$2.4 billion worth of Iraqi oil was "stolen" by Kuwait and demanded compensation.[25] Kuwait dismissed the accusations as a false Iraqi ploy to justify military action against it. Several foreign firms working in the Rumaila field also dismissed Iraq's slant-drilling claims as a "smokescreen to disguise Iraq's more ambitious intentions".[24]
On 25 July 1990, only a few days before the Iraqi invasion, OPEC officials said that Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates had agreed to a proposal to limit daily oil output to 1.5 million barrels, thus potentially settling differences over oil policy between Kuwait and Iraq.[26] At the time of the settlement, more than 100,000 Iraqi troops were deployed along the Iraq–Kuwait border, and American officials expressed little indication of decline in tensions despite the OPEC settlement.[27]
Iraqi hegemonic claims
Many westerners believed that Iraq's invasion of Kuwait was largely motivated by its desire to take control over the latter's vast oil reserves. The Iraqi government justified its invasion by claiming that Kuwait was a natural part of Iraq carved off as a result of British imperialism. After signing the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913, the United Kingdom split Kuwait from the Ottoman territories into a separate sheikhdom. The Iraqi government also argued that the Kuwaiti Emir was a highly unpopular figure among the Kuwaiti populace. By overthrowing the Emir, Iraq claimed that it granted Kuwaitis greater economic and political freedom.[9]
Kuwait had been loosely under the authority of the Ottoman vilâyet of Basra, and although its ruling dynasty, the Al Sabah family, had concluded a protectorate agreement in 1899 that assigned responsibility for its foreign affairs to Britain, it did not make any attempt to secede from the Ottoman Empire. For this reason, its borders with the rest of Basra province were never clearly defined or mutually agreed.
Iraqi–American relations
On 25 July 1990, April Glaspie, the U.S. Ambassador to Iraq, asked the Iraqi high command to explain the military preparations in progress, including the massing of Iraqi troops near the border.
The American ambassador declared to her Iraqi interlocutor that Washington, "inspired by the friendship and not by confrontation, does not have an opinion" on the disagreement between Kuwait and Iraq, stating "we have no opinion on the Arab–Arab conflicts".
She also let Saddam Hussein know that the United States did not intend "to start an economic war against Iraq". These statements may have caused Saddam to believe he had received a diplomatic green light from the United States to invade Kuwait.[28][29]
According to Richard E. Rubenstein, Glaspie was later asked by British journalists why she had said that, her response was "we didn't think he would go that far" meaning invade and annex the whole country. Although no follow-up question was asked, it can be inferred that what the U.S. government thought in July 1990 was that Saddam Hussein was only interested in pressuring Kuwait into debt forgiveness and to lower oil production.[30]
On 2 August 1990 at 2:00 am,[31] local time, Iraq launched an invasion of Kuwait with four elite Iraqi Republican Guard divisions (1st Hammurabi Armoured Division, 2nd al-Medinah al-Munawera Armoured Division, 3rd Tawakalna ala-Allah Mechanized Infantry Division and 4th Nebuchadnezzar Motorized Infantry Division) and Iraqi Army special forces units equivalent to a full division. The main thrust was conducted by the commandos deployed by helicopters and boats to attack Kuwait City (see Battle of Dasman Palace), while the other divisions seized the airports and two airbases.
In support of these units, the Iraqi Army deployed a squadron of Mil Mi-25 helicopter gunships, several units of Mi-8 and Mi-17 transport helicopters, as well as a squadron of Bell 412 helicopters. The foremost mission of the helicopter units was to transport and support Iraqi commandos into Kuwait City, and subsequently to support the advance of ground troops. The Iraqi Air Force (IQAF) had at least two squadrons of Sukhoi Su-22, one of Su-25, one of Mirage F1 and two of MiG-23 fighter-bombers. The main task of the IQAF was to establish air superiority through limited air strikes against two main air bases of Kuwaiti Air Force, whose aircraft consisted mainly of Mirage F1s and Douglas (T)A-4KU Skyhawks. Meanwhile, certain targets in the capital of Kuwait City were bombed by Iraqi aircraft.
Despite months of Iraqi sabre-rattling, Kuwait did not have its forces on alert and was caught unaware. The first indication of the Iraqi ground advance was from a radar-equipped aerostat that detected an Iraqi armour column moving south.[32] Kuwaiti air, ground, and naval forces resisted, but were vastly outnumbered. In central Kuwait, the 35th Armoured Brigade deployed approximately a battalion of Chieftain tanks, BMPs, and an artillery battery against the Iraqis and fought delaying actions near Al Jahra (see Battle of the Bridges), west of Kuwait City.[33] In the south, the 15th Armoured Brigade moved immediately to evacuate its forces to Saudi Arabia. Of the small Kuwaiti Navy, two missile boats were able to evade capture or destruction.
Kuwait Air Force aircraft were scrambled, but approximately 20% were lost or captured. An air battle with the Iraqi helicopter airborne forces was fought over Kuwait City, inflicting heavy losses on the Iraqi elite troops , and a few combat sorties were flown against Iraqi ground forces. The remaining 80% were then evacuated to Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, some aircraft even taking off from the highways adjacent to the bases as the runways were overrun. While these aircraft were not used in support of the subsequent Gulf War, the "Free Kuwait Air Force" assisted Saudi Arabia in patrolling the southern border with Yemen, which was considered a threat by the Saudis because of Yemen–Iraq ties.[9]
Iraqi troops attacked Dasman Palace, the Royal Residence, resulting in the Battle of Dasman Palace. The Kuwaiti Emiri Guard, supported by local police and M-84 tanks managed to repel an airborne assault by Iraqi Special Forces, but the Palace fell after a landing by Iraqi Marines (Dasman Palace is located on the coast). The Kuwaiti National Guard, as well as additional Emiri Guards arrived, but the palace remained occupied, and Republican Guard tanks rolled into Kuwait City after several hours of heavy fighting.[34]
The Emir of Kuwait, Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah had already fled into the Saudi desert. His younger half brother, Sheikh Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, was shot and killed by invading Iraqi forces as he attempted to defend Dasman Palace after which his body was placed in front of a tank and run over, according to an Iraqi soldier who was present and deserted after the assault.[35]
Towards the end of the first day of the invasion, only pockets of resistance were left in the country. By August 3, the last military units were desperately fighting delaying actions at choke points and other defensible positions throughout the country until out of ammunition or overrun by Iraqi forces. Ali al-Salem Air Base of the Kuwaiti Air Force was the only base still unoccupied on August 3, and Kuwaiti aircraft flew resupply missions from Saudi Arabia throughout the day in an effort to mount a defense. However, by nightfall, Ali al-Salem Air Base had been overrun by Iraqi forces. From then on it was only a matter of time until all units of the Kuwaiti Military were forced to retreat or be overrun.
Kuwaiti resistance movement
Kuwaitis founded a local armed resistance movement following the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait.[36][37][38] Most of the Kuwaitis who were arrested, tortured, and executed during the occupation were civilians. The Kuwaiti resistance's casualty rate far exceeded that of the coalition military forces and Western hostages.[39] The resistance predominantly consisted of ordinary citizens who lacked any form of training and supervision.[39]
After the Iraqi victory, Saddam Hussein installed Alaa Hussein Ali as the Prime Minister of the "Provisional Government of Free Kuwait" and Ali Hassan al-Majid as the de facto governor of Kuwait.[41] The exiled Kuwaiti royal family and other former government officials began an international campaign to persuade other countries to pressure Iraq to vacate Kuwait. The UN Security Council passed 12 resolutions demanding immediate withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait, but to no avail.[42]
Following the events of the Iraq–Kuwait war, about half of the Kuwaiti population,[43] including 400,000 Kuwaits and several thousand foreign nationals, fled the country. The Indian government evacuated over 170,000 overseas Indians by flying almost 488 flights over 59 days.[44] Alaa Hussein Ali was placed as head of a puppet government in Kuwait, prior to its brief annexation into Iraq.
During the 7-month occupation, the forces of Saddam Hussein looted Kuwait's vast wealth and there were also reports of violations of human rights.[45] A 2005 study revealed that the Iraqi occupation had a long-term adverse impact on the health of the Kuwaiti populace.[46]
International condemnation and Gulf War
After Iraqi forces invaded and annexed Kuwait and Saddam Hussein deposed the Emir of Kuwait, Jaber Al-Sabah, he installed Ali Hassan al-Majid as the new governor of Kuwait.[47]
The Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait was unanimously condemned by all major world powers. Even countries traditionally considered to be close Iraqi allies, such as France and India, called for immediate withdrawal of all Iraqi forces from Kuwait.[48][49] Several countries, including the USSR and China, placed arms embargoes on Iraq.[48] NATO members were particularly critical of the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait and by late 1990, the United States had issued an ultimatum to Iraq to withdraw its forces from Kuwait by 15 January 1991 or face war.[27]
On 3 August 1990, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 660 condemning the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and demanding that Iraq unconditionally withdraw all forces deployed in Kuwait.[50]
After a series of failed negotiations between major world powers and Iraq, the United States-led coalition forces launched a massive military assault on Iraq and Iraqi forces stationed in Kuwait in mid-January 1991. By January 16, Allied aircraft were targeting several Iraqi military sites and the Iraqi Air Force was destroyed.[51] Hostilities continued until late February and on February 25, Kuwait was officially liberated from Iraq.[52] On 15 March 1991, the Emir of Kuwait returned to the country after spending more than 8 months in exile.[53] During the Iraqi occupation, about 1,000 Kuwaiti civilians were killed and more than 300,000 residents fled the country.[54]
Post-Gulf War
In December 2002, Saddam Hussein apologized for the invasion shortly before being deposed in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[55] Two years later, the Palestinian leadership also apologized for its wartime support of Saddam.[56] A longtime ally of Saddam Hussein, in 1990 Yemen's president, Ali Abdullah Saleh backed Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait. After Iraq lost the Gulf War, Yemenis were deported en masse from Kuwait by the restored government.
The US military continue a strong presence adding 4,000 troops in February 2015 alone.[57] There is also a very strong US civilian presence with an estimated 18,000 American children in Kuwait being taught by 625 US teachers. [58] Some view this continued American presence as a necessary military operation in the fight against ISIS / Daesh and offering Kuwaitis protection from potential neighboring aggressors, whilst others view it as evidence of a continuation of western imperialist intervention in the Gulf State and some locals feel they are under occupation, losing their senior jobs in Government and Industry to US citizens.
See also
- Operation Desert Storm
- Airlift — A Bollywood film based on the Indian evacuation during Iraq-Kuwait war.[59]
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 660
- ↑ Presenters: Dan and Peter Snow (2007). "1997 Gulf War". Twentieth Century Battlefields. Season 1. Episode 6. BBC. BBC Two.
- ↑ Al Moquatel Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "1990: Iraq invades Kuwait". BBC On This Day. BBC. 2 August 1990. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ↑ Johns, Dave (24 January 2006). "1990 The Invasion of Kuwait". Frontline/World. PBS. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- 1 2 3 "Kuwait Organization and Mission of the Forces". Country Studies. Library of Congress. January 1993. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ↑ John Pike. "Kuwait – Army Equipment". Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ↑ "سير العمليات العسكرية للغزو العراقي للكويت", Al Moqatel
- ↑ House of Lords Judgments – Kuwait Airways Corporation v Iraqi Airways Company and Others on 16 May2002, [2002] UKHL 19
- 1 2 3 4 5 Cooper, Tom; Sadik, Ahmad (6 August 2007). "Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990". Air Combat Information Group Journal. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- ↑ John Pike. "Iraqi Ground Forces Equipment". Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ↑ Jane's Armour and Artillery 2003–2004
- ↑ Armies of the Gulf War, Gordon L. Rottman, 1993, p.48,49
- ↑ Tanki v operacii "Shok i trepet", Aleksei Brusilov, Leonid Karyakin, Tankomaster 2003–08(Russian: Танки в операции «Шок и трепет», Алексей Брусилов, Леонид Карякин, Танкомастер 2003–08)
- ↑ سير العمليات العسكرية للغزو العراقي للكويت, Al Moqatel
- ↑ "IRAQ: NAVAL THREAT TO US FORCES.". Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- ↑ المبحث الرابع, إعادة بناء القوات المسلحة لكل من دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي، بعد الحرب, Al Moquatel
- ↑ Gause, F. Gregory, III (2005). "The International Politics of the Gulf". In Louise Fawcett. International Relations of the Middle East. Oxford: The University Press. pp. 263–274. ISBN 0-19-926963-7.
- ↑ "Iran reportedly fires on Kuwaiti island", Lakeland Ledger, 30 March 1988.
- 1 2 Stork, Joe; Lesch, Ann M. (1990). "Background to the Crisis: Why War?". Middle East Report. 167 (November–December): 11–18. JSTOR 3012998.
- 1 2 "Iraq strains OPEC consensus", New Strait Times, 8 October 1988
- 1 2 "OPEC pressures Kuwait to moderate quota demand", New Strait Times, 7 June 1989
- ↑ Hindy, Lily (25 January 2008). "Interrogator: Invasion surprised Saddam". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ↑ The University of Manitoba – The Manitoban – 5 February 2003
- 1 2 Hayes, Thomas C. (3 September 1990). "Confrontation in the Gulf; The Oilfield Lying Below the Iraq-Kuwait Dispute". The New York Times.
- ↑ Gregory, Derek (2004). The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 156. ISBN 1-57718-090-9.
- ↑ Ibrahim, Youssef M. (26 July 1990). "Iraq Said to Prevail in Oil Dispute With Kuwait and Arab Emirates". The New York Times.
- 1 2 Friedman, Thomas L. (17 December 1990). "Standoff in the Gulf; A Partial Pullout By Iraq is Feared as Deadline 'Ploy'". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ↑ "Confrontation in the Gulf" Archived 4 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine., The New York Times, 25 September 1990.
- ↑ cable 90BAGHDAD4237, SADDAM'S MESSAGE OF FRIENDSHIP TO PRESIDENT BUSH Archived 7 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine., secret US embassy cable, 25 July 1990, released by Wikileaks on 1 January 2011
- ↑ "Leonard Lopate Show", WNPR, Why Americans Choose War Archived 17 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine. 11 November 2010
- ↑ "The Iraqi Invasion; In Two Arab Capitals, Gunfire and Fear, Victory and Cheers". The New York Times. Kuwait: Reuters. 3 August 1990.
- ↑ Gulf States – Kuwait – Regional and National Security Considerations. Countrystudies.us. Retrieved on 12 June 2011
- ↑ Eyewitness, Col. Fred Hart 1 Archived 18 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. Users.lighthouse.net. Retrieved on 2011-06-12.
- ↑ Kenneth M. Pollack, Arabs at war: Military Effectiveness (1948–91), University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 2002
- ↑ FRONTLINE/WORLD. Iraq – Saddam's Road to Hell – A journey into the killing fields. PBS Archived 15 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. PBS (24 January 2006). Retrieved on 12 June 2011
- ↑ "Iran, Israel and the Shi'ite Crescent" (PDF). S. Daniel Abraham Center for Strategic Dialogue. pp. 14–15.
- ↑ "Saddam's Security Apparatus During the Invasion of Kuwait and the Kuwaiti Resistance". The Journal of Intelligence History. Winter 2003. pp. 74–75.
- ↑ "Two ethnicities, three generations: Phonological variation and change in Kuwait" (PDF). Newcastle University. 2010.
- 1 2 "The Kuwaiti Resistance". Middle East Forum. March 1995.
- ↑ Damage Assessment – Kuwait Oil Archived 2 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. Federation of American Scientists.
- ↑ al-Marashi, Ibrahim (April 9, 2003). The Significance of the "Death" of Ali Hassan al-Majid. James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies.
- ↑ Iraq Archived 8 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. GlobalSecurity.org.
- ↑ Kuwait Britannica Archived 11 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. Britannica.com (1961-06-19). Retrieved on 2011-06-12.
- ↑ Rohan Venkataramakrishnan. "The Berlin airlift was remarkable, but the smallest civilian evacuation in history is by India The Berlin airlift was remarkable, but the largest civilian evacuation in history is by India". Scroll.in. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
- ↑ State of Kuwait Archived 20 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Atlapedia.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-12.
- ↑ Public health impact of 1990 Iraq invasion of Kuwait Archived 14 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. Medical News Today. July 4, 2005.
- ↑ CNS – The Significance of the "Death" of Ali Hassan al-Majid
- 1 2 "World Acts Against Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait." Archived 21 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. GlobalSecurity.org.
- ↑ Hirst, David; Tisdall, Simon (3 August 1990). "Superpowers unite on Iraq". The Guardian. London.
- ↑ United Nations Security Council Resolution 660 (Condemning the Invasion of Kuwait by Iraq), S.C. res. 660, 45 U.N. SCOR at 19, U.N. Doc. S/RES/660 (1990) Archived 20 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. umn.edu. Retrieved on 12 June 2011
- ↑ Fairhall, David; Walker, Martin (17 January 1991). "Allied planes bomb Iraq: Kuwait's liberation begun, says US". The Guardian. London.
- ↑ 25 February 1991: Iraq withdraws from Kuwait Archived 17 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Sify Retrieved on 12 June 2011
- ↑ Murphy, Kim (15 March 1991). "Emotional Emir Returns to Kuwait Royalty: He covers his face and stoops to kiss the ground. But not many citizens turn out to greet him". The Los Angeles Times. Kuwait City. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
- ↑ The Use of Terror during Iraq's invasion of Kuwait Archived 24 January 2005 at the Wayback Machine.. Jafi (15 May 2005). Retrieved on 12 June 2011
- ↑ Saddam Sends Apology to Kuwait for Invasion Archived 31 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. People's Daily. 8 December 2002.
- ↑ PLO apologises over Kuwait Archived 2 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine.. 12 December 2004.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 2016-09-20. UPI.com. 15 February 2015.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 2016-09-20. [Arab Times Online]. September 2016.
- ↑ Airlift: Akshay Kumar's next a thriller of the biggest human evacuation Archived 11 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Times of India. Priya Gupta. August 19, 2014
External links
- Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait – A Personal Experience
- Aftermath photographs taken by a Kuwaiti journalist in 1991


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MILAN (AP) - Milan fashion designers hit a theatrical note in women's winter collections previewed on the opening day of Milan Fashion Week on Wednesday.
MILAN (AP) � Milan fashion designers hit a theatrical note in women's winter collections previewed on the opening day of Milan Fashion Week on Wednesday.
Looks incorporated costume touches like high, ruffled necks, long bell sleeves and trailing hemlines. There were also feathery wisps, intricate embroidery and dramatic footwear, particularly thigh-high boots.
The designers emphasized luxury over everyday appeal, with leather and fur as well as fabrics like velvet, satin and chiffon that call for an occasion.
Burnt orange is emerging as a standout color for the season, along with deep reds, blues and greens. Basic black is still the winter favorite with a touch of winter white.
Hair styles tend toward the long and straight, at times pinned up or held down by a hat, while makeup accentuates the eyes.
Such luxury brands as Prada, Versace, Armani, Bottega Veneta, Dolce & Gabbana and Fendi are among the 70 Milan designers readying their wears for the six days of preview shows for fall-winter 2013-2014.
The Gucci woman next winter is a playful mixture of demure and daring.
"She seduces with her dangerous femininity," writes creative director Frida Giannini in her show notes.
For example, while the season's pencil skirt has a proper several-inches-below-the-knee hemline, the slits up the front and back are not necessarily ladylike.
Or take the little black dress, a cocktail-hour must � until Giannini ups the ante with fetching see-through lace, leather inserts and low-cut backs and necklines.
In the constructed collection, jackets are generally small, with either a soft or well-defined shoulder. Coats are cut close to the body, except for a single mannish coat in cornflower blue with a black Astrakhan collar. Skirts are worn high for a delicate take on the waist, and the tapered and short pants are more sweet than sexy.
However, the recurrent fishnet tights complete with black seam underlined the fetching mood of the collection.
There were hints of feathers and spangles in the daytime wear, but these burst out in firework proportions for the evening. More than one dress was made up of a combination of feathers, sequins, lace and leather, fashioned in a revealing silhouette.
Along with basic black, the Gucci palette included wine purple, orange rust, moss green and a range of delicate blues.
Fabrics went from silk to soft wool and lace. Leather, a Gucci staple, appeared in everything from a suit to a T-shirt. Snakeskin, another Gucci favorite, was used not only for bags and shoes, but also for outfits.
Footwear was either booties, boots or sandals, all with a sharp and sexy high heel. The latest bag is structured with a luggage lock, and the traditional bamboo handle.
Models wore dark eye makeup and their hair severely pulled back.
Mila Schoen has turned to a new team of international designers to usher in a new era for the label.
The first collection, cold weather clothes for next year, had an ing�nue appeal, with flouncy and feminine looks.
The design team created volumes with ruffles and blousy effects that projected an easy-to-sketch silhouette. Fur-and-wool coats had tiered ruffle necks. Sheer black spandex turtlenecks finished with a flourish with long, bell-shaped ruffles that start at the elbow. Ample skirts, short and long alike, promised sashay to any walk.
Miniskirts and short coats showed off leather high-heeled boots that disappeared beneath the short hemlines. But hemlines on coats, skirts and pants also were left to trail.
The collection also included youthful styles, like jumpers, culottes and bodysuits.
Three colors dominated the collection: black, burned orange and brown. Richness was expressed through the juxtaposition of materials, for example, a skirt of fur in the front and wool in the back. For variation, the design team sewed wispy strands of silver on sweaters and other pieces for a feathery effect. More formal wear, including silken suits, featured red geometric patterns from the Mila Schoen archives.
The looks were accentuated by simple bowl-shaped helmets in leather or fur, worn atop straight, long hair.
The latest Alberta Ferretti winter collection could be labeled minimal Victorian.
There were many of the elements of 19th century fashion, from the high collars, wide skirts, rich fabrics and austere embroidery, but on a paired down silhouette.
A simple sheath takes on yesteryear allures when it comes in rich velvet and prominent jeweled embroidery. On the other hand a suit with hoop skirt and peplum jacket, is updated by making the skirt a little narrower and the jacket smaller. Eveningwear keeps old-age accents, but is cut in a contemporary long and slim style. Fancy fur wraps are reversible with a cozy felt lining, which in a minute can turn posh into pedestrian.
The color palette for next winter is mainly black or white, joined by deep shades of red, green, and blue. Fabrics range from sumptuous velvet and satin to country tweeds.
Footwear comes in dainty gold embroidered slippers and velvet pumps with a discreet heel.
The models wore little makeup, and their hair was gathered in a demure French twist.
Heavy pendant earrings in the shape of a cross of honor completed the no-nonsense look.
"Every woman deserves one of those," Alberta Ferretti said before the show.


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David Chai
Email: david.chai@
Phone: (408) 924-4344
Office: ART 215
Favorite Pizzerias
Amici's Pizza – Northern California Locations – www.amicis.com
Bibo's Pizza - 1431 Bird Ave, San Jose, CA 95125 – www.bibosnypizza.com
PizzaPapalis – Detroit metro area www.pizzapapalis.com
Capri Pizza – 30735 Greenfield Rd, Southfield, MI
Cicero's Pizza -6138 Bollinger Rd San Jose, CA -www.cicerospizza.com
Grande Pizzeria - 150 E San Carlos St, San Jose, CA - www.grandepizzeria.net
Loui's Pizza – 23141 Dequindre Rd, Hazel Park, MI
NY Pizza Suprema - 413 8th Ave., New York, NY
Pizza My Heart - Northern California Locations pizzamyheart.com
Round Table Pizza – Various California Locations www.roundtablepizza.com
Zachary's Pizza - Various SF Bay Area Locations - www.zacharys.com
David Chai has worked on a variety of projects ranging from educational software, animation for television and video, commercial advertising, to independent films. Commercials directed for Thunderbean Animation received the Gold Award for best animated television commercials at the Kalamazoo Animation Festival International 2005. To date, his independent films have screened in two hundred thirty film festivals internationally, including Sundance, Cinequest, Ann Arbor, and Annecy; been broadcast on Atom Films, MTV-2, G4TV, PBS, and ZeD in Canada; featured in Spike and Mike's Sick and Twisted Festival of Animation; and nominated twice for "Best Short Subject" at the Annie Awards. His filmography includes 25 Ways to Die (2003), Flames of Passion (2004),Neighborhood Roots (2005), Stoopid Movie (2005), Fumi and the Bad Luck Foot (2005), Cole Needs Women (2006), Aletta Out of Water (2007), Life on a Limb (2008), Ninjas vs. Guilt (2009), Enrique Wrecks the World (2010), Why Do We Put Up With Them?(2011), A Knock on My Door (2012), Behind My Behind (2014) and Bound for Glory (2015).
Winner, Slamdance Anarchy Online Competition August (2003); Best Animated Short, Michigan Independent (2003), Best Comedic Short, Ohio Independent (2003); Best Animated TV Commercial, KAFI (2005), First Place Animation category, Radio Alice 3-Minute Film Festival (2005); Audience Choice Award: Best Short Film, Cinequest (2006); Prix DeVarti Funniest Film Award, Ann Arbor (2006); Best Short Film – Animated, Silver Lake (2006); Special Recognition Award, Arizona International (2006); Best of Show and 3rd Place Independent Films, ASIFA EAST (2006); Best Director, New Haven Underground (2006); Best Short, Jacksonville Film Festival (2006); Best Animated Film, Cinema K: Children's Film Festival (2007); "Cartoon of the Year" and "Best Traditional Film", 2nd Annual Channel Frederator Awards (2008); 1st Place Independent Films Category, 40th ASIFA East Animation Festival (2009); 3rd Place Animation Category, BeFilm Underground Film Festival (2009); the LeBlanc Audience Award Winner, Arizona State University Art Museum Short Film and Video Festival (2009); 2nd Place Independent Films, ASIFA-East (2011); 1st Place Animation Category, USA Film Festival (2011); Honourable Mention - Short Animation for Children, Ottawa Animation Festival International (2012); Honorable Mention - Best Short Animation, Asians on Film Festival (2013); Excellence in Writing - ASIFA-East Animation Festival (2013); Best Animated Film - Seattle True Independent Film Festival (2013); and Gold Medal Moving Image Category, Society of Illustrators 55 (2013), WINNER 2D Computer Animation Category - World Animation Celebration (2014), WINNER Animation Category - San Diego Asian Film Festival (2014), WINNER Best Sound Editing- ASIFA-East Film Festival (2015), and Winner 1st Place Animation - Hero Fest - My Hero International Film Festival (2015).


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WASHINGTON Clare Dickens only wanted to share her story to help others. But in the process, she became a successful independent author with the help of a local bookstore and its instant publishing machine.
Dickens wrote A Dangerous Gift with her son Titus, a memoir of their life dealing with his bipolar disorder. She completed the novel after he took his own life at the age of 25 in 2006.
Though Dickens found a publisher in Iceland to release the book in 2007, she still wanted a broader reach. The Espresso Book Machine at Politics and Prose in the District of Columbia allowed her to bring the memoir to local bookshelves and beyond earlier this year.
Her book has since become the best-selling, self-published title at the local bookstore and its website.
I didnt expect to sell any at all, Dickens said. I didnt want to be a best-seller. Its really about getting my sons story out there and helping other people.
Self-publishing has been made easier since the Espresso Book Machine by On Demand Books debuted in 2006. The machine also can make copies of out-of-print editions.
The first machine was installed briefly at the World Banks bookstore. Through a partnership with Xerox, the company now has machines in about 70 bookstores and libraries across the world including London; Tokyo; Amsterdam; Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Melbourne, Australia; and Alexandria, Egypt.
Thor Sigvaldason, chief technology officer of New York-based On Demand Books, said the technology can help book retailers twofold.
It can, potentially, give them a huge virtual inventory so they can have as many books as Amazon, all in a little bookstore, he said. It turns independent bookstores into places to get books published. Its a new thing for the bookstore to do: not just sell books, but actually create books.
Dickens book costs $10.38 to print and retails for $16. Bill Leggett, a bookseller who co-manages the machine, said about a dozen copies are sold a month. Thats better than a lot of authors who have major publishers, he said.
Politics and Prose has produced almost 5,000 paperback books some in as little as five minutes since receiving the book machine nicknamed Opus last November. Leggett said about 90 percent of the books printed on the machine are self-published works by local authors.
The others are out-of-print editions, millions of titles available in the public domain such as Google Books, and digital formats licensed out through major publishers including Harper Collins.
Alfred Morgan Jr. was able to get a copy of his fathers out-of-print 1923 aviation guide, How to Build a 20-foot Bi-Plane Glider, printed with the machine for $8. The volume was on Google Books.
Many would admit that the physical reality of a book in your hands offers something that you dont quite get from books on a computer or on a tablet, Morgan said.
The semi-retired physician, an avid Kindle reader, keeps the paperback copy of his fathers book in his home office. My father was ahead of his time in many ways. Its like a family memento, Morgan said about the book.


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Bassett 50S51 15X10 D-Hole Lite 5x5 1" Backspace Black Wheel
15 Inch Wheel Diameter, Steel, 10" Width, 5x5 in. Wheel Bolt Pattern (in.), 1" Wheel Backspace
The classic Bassett Racing Wheel D-Hole center design is combined with our 15" diameter lightweight spun form rim shells and available in a variety of widths from 7" to 14" wide. Bassett produces the strongest, lightest and truest steel wheel shells on the market using its three in-house CNC metal spinning lathes.
- Lightweight and low runout (under .030") thanks to spun-form wheel shells produced in-house.
- Reinforced torque ring and forged coining on center increases durability.
- The 5/8" valve stem hole is located behind the center to avoid clipping.
- Larger D-holes are designed to facilitate handling and lower pit stop times.
NOTE: For easier tire mounting, these wheels do not have a tire safety bead. For dirt applications, make sure you select a wheel with a safety bead at the time of order.
For offroad use only. The following must be considered when using Bassett wheels for on highway/street use when the wheel/tire assembly is being balanced. Bassett wheels are lug centric, which means they are built off of, and must be balanced using, the bolt circle and NOT the wheel center hole. Improper use of a tire balancer that centers the wheel on the hub bore, not the bolt circle, will result in an incorrect reading for rim runout as the center hole is not in the perfect center of the bolt pattern. The only machine capable of performing a lug centric balance is the Hunter GSP 9700 with the flange plate bolt circle adapter and no centering cone.
Important Messages:
- This item ships directly from the manufacturer. It may take an additional 10 business days for Bassett to ship this item.
- Get FREE shipping when your order includes this item and exceeds $99! Ground shipping only in the contiguous US.
- This item ships via Ground Shipping only. Expedited and Air shipping options are not available.
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Learn how to measure offset, torque specs, design, and other wheel basics. Our racing wheel guide covers all you need for a new set of oval track wheels.
Speedway Motors and Classic Trucks teamed up to build a 1952 Chevy truck in honor of Speedway Motors' 65th anniversary. Speedway Motors reached out to Rocket Racing Wheels for a set of their "Booster" Wheels to function as rolling stock for the build.
Tim shows some of our Rocket wheels and knockoff hub covers.
Our new 383 engine gets installed in the '32 Roadster. We also update the steering wheel, shift knob/adapter, and wheels and tires. It's got some real 1960's flair now!
Reference this old tire size conversion chart to equip your old car or truck with modern radial tires. Our tire fitment guide covers a variety of tire types and sizes.
Roadster Expert Tim covers the various types of vintage wire wheels (1928-1935) found on early Fords and how to distinguish the differences between them.
Speedway Motors employee Jess M. talks about the Rocket Racing Deep Angle Spinner Knock-Offs she installed on her 1933 Ford 5-Window Coupe.