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H2Ohio Reminder
fertilizer applications, including manure, need to be approved by their local Soil & Water Conservation ... Districts. This will assure the application is in compliance with their Voluntary Nutrient Management Plan ... your local Soil and Water Conservation District before the fertilizer or manure is applied. ...
Fall Forage Management Tips
results. Apply fertilizer to correct any soil deficiencies and replace nutrients that were removed in hay ... https://forages.osu.edu/forage-management/soil-fertility-forages. Scout hay fields and pastures for current and emerging weed problems. Most perennial, biennial, ... samples and get a soil test. Ask for the 2020 Tri-State Fertility Recommendations to be applied to the ...
Using Soil Tests Phosphorus Results to Identify Agronomic and Conservation Needs
an essential tool for sound agronomic nutrient management decisions. That same agronomic test result ... https://go.osu.edu/fert-recs Phosphorus Nutrient Management for Yield and Reduced P Loss at Edge of Field AGF-509 ... Nutrient Management ...
Exploring a Native American Three Sisters Garden
Americans used a sophisticated, sustainable system of farming that provided long term soil fertilization and ... Mahoning County can resume face-to-face programming, our events and classes will be virtual via the ZOOM ...
Improved tool can help Midwest farmers with cover crop decisions
University Agriculture News. WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. — Cover crops have been shown to improve water and soil ... quality, reduce erosion and capture nutrients. Choosing the right cover crop, however, can be difficult. ... manager for the MCCC and a staff member in Purdue's Department of Agronomy. "We've been able to give users ...
Devin Peterson named a CFAES Dean's Chair
science; is faculty director of the Foods for Health Discovery Theme; is director of the Flavor Research ... and Education Center; and is co-director of the Nutrient & Phytochemical Analytic Shared ... pictured with colleagues Ken Riedl, left, and Steven Clinton of the Nutrient & Phytochemical Analytic ...
University/industry partnership takes field scouting to the next level
Caren Ag Center farm manager Nate Douridas and his team have been conducting various research projects ... field a step further. "We have increased our soil sampling density from a full field all the way down to ... refine high-definition soil sampling practices over the past few years, but this takes things out in the ...
Money Concepts for Kids
a child, teenager, or young adult in your life, you are passing down money management habits whether you ... young children also pick up on adults' money management strategies. In fact, children begin to pick up ... building blocks that help children develop important skills, like financial management, as they grow: ...
Farm Office Live Scheduled for October 7, 2020
summary, Ohio's COVID-19 immunity legislation, and other current issues in farm management. Join our ... management news. The next session will be held on October 7, 2020 8:00- 9:30 a.m. Farm Office Live will be ... register or view past webinars and PowerPoint slides. Farm Management ...
Surface Application of Manure to Newly Planted Wheat Fields
germination and emergence. The manure nutrients could easily replace the commercial fertilizer normally ... growing crop can reduce nutrient losses compared to fall-applied manure without a growing crop. Both swine ... seeds were properly covered with soil when planted to keep a barrier between the salt and nitrogen in ...

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The HSBC India Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) - a measure of factory production -- stood at 53.7 in November, up from 52.9 in October, indicating a further improvement in the health of the Indian manufacturing sector.
The index has remained above the 50-mark, below which it indicates contraction, for more than three years now.
The November reading of HSBC PMI points to the fact that the sector has gained momentum in the last few months, after it registered the weakest pace of growth rate in nine months in August.
"The manufacturing sector gained momentum thanks to a strong pick up in new orders, which lifted output growth," HSBC Chief Economist for India and ASEAN Leif Eskesen said.
However, output growth remains constrained by power shortages, HSBC said adding that backlogs of work still rose, although at a slower pace than in October.
"Output remains constrained by continued power shortages and stocks of finished goods were, consequently, drawn down again to meet the rise in demand," Eskesen added.
On inflation, HSBC said In line with higher input costs, prices charged by manufacturers in India increased during November. The rates of inflation were robust, and faster than in October, which were mainly driven by higher raw material and diesel costs led to the latest increase in input prices.
"Inflation picked up again as higher raw material prices increased input costs for firms and they had enough pricing power to pass these on to end consumers due to the firm demand conditions," Eskesen said.
The RBI is scheduled to announce its mid-quarter monetary policy review on December 18. Reserve Bank governor D Subbarao has resisted a widespread call for the growth-propping rate cuts for some time now, citing the elevated inflation.
"The PMI numbers suggest that the RBI should continue to abstain from easing," Eskesen said. Inflation as measured by all indices has remained elevated and Wholesale Price Index-based inflation has remained above the Reserve Bank's comfort zone of 5 to 5.5 per cent for nearly three years now.
Meanwhile, job creation was recorded in the Indian manufacturing sector in November for the ninth successive month, though the pace of expansion was only slight, HSBC said.


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Last year was the worst ever for data losses in the UK, with almost 37 million people having their private data compromised.
The government's loss of 25 million child benefit records was the largest single screw-up, but other government departments and private companies played their part too.
The figures were compiled by the Lib Dems, and party leader leader Nick Clegg said the problems showed the need for a rethink on data protection legislation, as well as calling for the immediate end to the ID card project.
Clegg said: "The ID card project is now in freefall, because faith in the Government's ability to handle personal data has hit crisis point.
"There is simply no way that any democratic government can expect an unwilling public to accept having their precious personal data cropped and stored in the world's largest database when they aren't confident that database will be safe."
Since the loss of 25 million records by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs in November, Ruth Kelly admitted the loss of three million learner driver records, while nine NHS trusts admitted losing 168,000 confidential patient records. The Citizens Advice bureau in Belfast lost 60,000 records along with bank details when a laptop was stolen, and HMRC lost another 6,500 records of Countrywide Assured customers.
Private companies also had a poor year protecting data. TK Maxx lost an estimated five million UK credit card records after a deliberate attack compromised accounts for 200 million customers worldwide.
Job website monster.com had contact details for 3.1 million customers pinched when it was hacked.
Another quarter of a million private customer records from loans.co.uk were compromised when a member of staff sold them. Finally, in December, Leeds Building Society managed to lose data on its entire workforce of 1,000 people.
In total, 36,989,300 people in the UK have had their private records compromised.
The Lib Dems want an immediate end to the ID card project, and Nick Clegg has promised not to hand over his biometric data when ID cards become compulsory. ®


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DONE. Finished the speakers day after thanksgiving with a lots of help from my dad while my mom was babysitting….Had some issues with the gloss paint that I will discuss if anyone is interested at a later point. Will post pics at some point as black speakers in a badly lit room are hard to shoot. Now, wanted to post a short review as they are still breaking in along with my ears. Have also been playing around with position and feel I don't yet have it perfect.Spectacular, honestly lived up to my expectations and more. Blows my previous reference system out of the water along with my headphone setups(which I was not really expecting). Detailed and revealing without ruining the listening experience on sub-par recordings. This was an issue I discussed with Rick as I've had problems with previous systems.Bass is amazing and headroom is crazy. These things get LOUD. Soundstage and depth is like nothing I've heard before, honestly just totally different experience then I've ever had. Vocal realism and clarity is mind blowing. I listen to a lot of mid 90s British stuff, massive attack, Portishead. These guys are hard on speakers due to the bass. Ricks speakers handle it better than I could have hoped for. Honestly this was a huge make it or break it moment for me as ive tried so many setups to get these records to work and it finally does. Sealed is great, totally different to the ported speakers and subs I've gone through.My issue now is dealing with my crappy room. More updates to that as I play around more with measurements and the dsp and rew…however I will say all the corrections ive tried don't sound as good as just leaving it alone. Ive got a LOT more to learn and some more ideas so ill get back to this.Thanks Rick should have just gone to you years ago!
DONE. Had some issues with the gloss paint that I will discuss if anyone is interested at a later point.
Many audiophiles end up chasing their tails switching out cables, DACs, etc. when the largest variances come from rooms and recordings. Being able to compensate for these two things can help your sound quite a bit.
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text: Slim Shady's Lady Lights Up the Holiday Inaugural at 36-1 Saturday, December 1, 2012 12:00 AM General FLORENCE, Ky., Dec. 1, 2012 – Slim Shady's Lady ignited the tote board in the $50,000 Holiday Inaugural Stakes at Turfway Park Saturday, setting a blistering pace to score by a neck at odds of 36-1. Queen's Award was second, 1 1/2 lengths ahead of Lotta Lovin in third.A 3-year-old Indiana-bred filly, Slim Shady's Lady broke from post six under Ben Creed, dared her rivals with fractions of :21.90, :44.75, and :57.46, and dug in to finish the six furlongs in 1:11.11. Queen's Award, the 5-2 favorite, raced in good position off the pace, went after Slim Shady's Lady in deep stretch, and ran out of time. Lotta Lovin was far back early and made a strong late run of her own. Sally Sally completed the $10,570 Superfecta.Robert Martinez, brother and assistant to trainer Ralph Martinez, was in to saddle the filly. "She's always fast—always 21, 44 (seconds)," he said. "I told the jockey that some of the horses in here, they got 21 speed, but usually never 44. They usually go about 46. A lot of the speed in the race has been going a mile, so I told him, we break, send, get out there, and if they catch us, they catch us. I was a little scared when she went 21 but she opened up on them."The Holiday Inaugural, written for fillies and mares, was the first stakes win for Slim Shady's Lady. It also was her first race on an all-weather surface and her first with Creed in the irons."She was rolling," said Creed. "I've never been on her before and I thought it could go either way, but she runs her best races when she shows a lot of speed, so I knew if I broke good and got as close to the lead as I could or on the lead, that would be my best shot."Fifth and following were Dreamin Big, Credit Crunch, Formal Plan, Rattlin Gypsy, Lou's Angel, Whisked Away, Halloween Party, and Action Lady. Yankee Union was scratched by her trainer. Anna Sophia did not draw in off the also-eligible list and was scratched.Slim Shady's Lady paid $74, $26.60, and $15.40.Slim Shady's Lady was bred by Martin Stables Inc. and is by Spanish Steps out Always Devilish, by Devil His Due. She has five wins, two seconds, and two thirds in 12 starts and has earned $171,397 for owners Herbert and Darlene Likens.Racing continues Sunday at Turfway at 1:10 p.m.###


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So, I work for a party rental company, in which I drive delivery trucks. The trucks I drive are small, and do not require a CDL to operate. Today, in a work truck, I got pulled over and fined 33$ for a missing mudflap. However, here is how it actually went down. The cop who eventually pulled me over was ahead of me on the left, stopped at a stop light (directly at the cross walk). I pulled up to the same light, in the right lane, and was behind a couple cars, so I was essentially behind the cop on his right. Light turns green, we pull up. As soon as the cop is about half way behind my left side, he turns his lights on, forces his way behind me, and pulls me over. The key here is he made the decision to pull me over before he was EVER behind me. Now, how the hell did he see that I was missing my rear RIGHT mudflap from being alongside my left side? Also, is it even against the law to be missing a mudflap in a small box truck that does not require a CDL to operate? (I'm aware that would probably depend on the district, but just in general I think hell no). And on top of that, the ticket is filled out to ME, not the company, directly to ME and goes on MY record. Oh, my boss was livid when I got back from my delivery. When the 20 day buffer period is up, she is going to send me on the clock to fight it in court.
On a side note, my boss thinks I was pulled over entirely for the guy who was with me on the delivery. He has been working to get his license recently, and so far Social Security building has gone into lockdown TWICE, not just once, TWICE, when he entered the building. Hes dark skinned, kind of big, and has very long hair pulled into 2 braids and a massive beard. He wouldn't hurt a fly, and yet people freaked out and put their building into lockdown over him. I'm guessing thats why I got pulled over in the first place, and the cop just got lucky and found something (something very stupid) to give as a reason for doing so.


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gas laws
gas laws, physical laws describing the behavior of a gas under various conditions of pressure, volume, and temperature. Experimental results indicate that all real gases behave in approximately the same manner, having their volume reduced by about the same proportion of the original volume for each drop of 1° on the Celsius temperature scale. Graphs drawn to describe this behavior can be extrapolated, and all converge to a point corresponding to about −273°C (−459°C)—this point is called absolute zero. A temperature scale defined so that zero degrees corresponds to this zero-volume temperature coordinate is known as an absolute scale. The Kelvin temperature scale begins at this absolute zero and has degrees the same size as those of the Celsius scale.
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The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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Rugged rebellion
This is one tough little hatchback and each detail was made to reflect just that.
Built for comfort
Every detail reflects our passion for substance with style—each one, thoughtfully considered on a simple human level to maximize your comfort and enjoyment.
Our Innovation Brands
Everything we do is designed around people, so every innovation we make is designed to simplify and improve your life. We're especially proud of our advances in efficient power, connectivity and safety. We call our thinking in these areas: Drive-E, Sensus and IntelliSafe.


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Dear graduating class of 2013: Do what you know, don't do what you love, and stop comparing yourself to other people.
That's the latest career advice for college grads this month as they toss mortar boards into the air to celebrate their acceptance of freshly minted diplomas.
To be sure, commencement addresses have become an annual rite, with the nation's movers and shakers delivering nuggets of wisdom crafted to inspire ambitious young grads as they step into the work world.
What is arguably the greatest commencement speech ever, commonly known as the "Wear Sunscreen" speech, was thought to be delivered by writer Kurt Vonnegut back in 1997. But the "speech" was in fact never delivered at all because it was actually a newspaper essay, "Advice, like youth, probably just wasted on the young," written by Pulitzer Prize-winning Chicago Tribune columnist Mary Schmich.
Among other bits of advice, Schmich urged graduates to wear sunscreen, keep old love letters and "do one thing every day that scares you."
Over a decade before the financial crisis of 2008, Schmich also had the luxury of advising graduates not to worry about the future. "Don't feel guilty if you don't know what you want to do with your life," she wrote, "The most interesting people I know didn't know at 22 what they wanted to do with their lives. Some of the most interesting 40-year-olds I know still don't."
Today, in this fearful climate of lost U.S. jobs and scarce resources, much of the advice being meted out to young graduates is more doom-laden, practical and business-focused. In the following collection of current advice for college grads, the pundits talk a lot about going beyond hard work to bring value to the table. Read on for the best career advice from Thomas L. Friedman, the Harvard Business Review and more.
(Read 'What's a 529 Plan?' Americans Ask at AdvisorOne.)
1) Do What You Know
Writing "How to Get a Job" for The New York Times on May 28, op-ed columnist Thomas L. Friedman received 400-and-counting angry online comments when he suggested that there has been a shift in the education-to-work model in America that goes beyond the huge drop in demand that drove unemployment to 9% during the recession.
"It is best summed up by the mantra from the Harvard education expert Tony Wagner that the world doesn't care anymore what you know; all it cares 'is what you can do with what you know,'" Friedman writes. "And since jobs are evolving so quickly, with so many new tools, a bachelor's degree is no longer considered an adequate proxy by employers for your ability to do a particular job—and, therefore, be hired. So, more employers are designing their own tests to measure applicants' skills. And they increasingly don't care how those skills were acquired: home schooling, an online university, a massive open online course, or Yale. They just want to know one thing: Can you add value?"
The Winning Progressive blog objected to Friedman's advice in the Times' comments section, saying: "I find it quite amusing that Mr. Friedman tries to minimize the importance of an Ivy League education in the same paragraph in which he finds it important to mention that the 'education expert' he is quoting is a 'Harvard education expert.' While perhaps a small point, it demonstrates the fallacy of the claim that it increasingly does not matter if your skills come from 'home schooling, an online university, a massive open online course, or Yale.'"
2) Don't Do What You Love
"Sure, there are many people doing what they genuinely love. But how many of us love just one thing?" writes Carl McCoy, an English language instructor at the Showa Boston Institute for Language and Culture in Boston, in Dear Grads, Don't 'Do What You Love' in the May 28 Wall Street Journal.
"It's romantic to imagine that each person is destined for a particular career path, one capable of being discovered with sufficient soul-searching," McCoy says. "But most people have multifaceted interests and abilities and could probably be successful and happy in several fields."
McCoy, a writer himself, acknowledges that there are people who love things that will never pay very well. But then he makes his point: "As someone who has tried living as a starving artist, I can attest that there's nothing romantic or noble about being impoverished in pursuit of doing what you love. When you're working two or three jobs, and you can't pay your bills, it doesn't matter how much you love any of them. You just get worn out."
Like Friedman's column in The New York Times, McCoy's thoughts won him hundreds of comments, including a man who quotes from H.L. Mencken's 1922 essay "On Being an American":
Here in the United States we have no jobs for grand dukes…and none for palace eunuchs, and none for masters of the buckhounds…and very few for oboe-players, metaphysicians, astrophysicists, assyriologists, water-colorists, stylites and epic poets…There may come a day when the composer of string quartettes is paid as much as a railway conductor, but it is not yet. Then why practice such trades—as trades? The man of independent means may venture into them prudently; when he does so, he is seldom molested; it may even be argued that he performs a public service by adopting them. But the man who has a living to make is simply silly if he goes into them; he is like a soldier going over the top with a coffin strapped to his back.
3) Stop Comparing Yourself to Other People
The Harvard Business Review can always be relied on to deliver sound advice—to people of any age—but in "The Graduation Advice We Wish We'd Been Given," HBR speaks directly to college grads by asking some of its favorite writers what they think graduates really need to know about the world of work.
"There will be obstacles, setbacks, challenges. Many things will be more difficult than you thought they'd be," writes Heidi Grant Halvorson, associate director for the Motivation Science Center at the Columbia University Business School and author of Nine Things Successful People Do Differently.
"The key to success (scientifically speaking) is perseverance," Halvorson continues. "You've just got to hang in there—there's no other way to win. But how do you do it? A great way to be more resilient is to stop comparing yourself to other people, and compare yourself to your own past performance—last week, last month, last year. Are you improving? That's the only question that matters."
4) Be the Change
"Today, I ask you, my young friends, you who are the future hope of humanity, you who are the future leaders of the world; today, I ask you what Mahatma Gandhi once asked, "Can you be the change you want to see in the world?" said Deepak Chopra, in a commencement address to the 2013 graduating class at Hartwick College in Oneonta, N.Y.
Chopra, the Indian-born holistic medical doctor, spiritualist and author, has created an excellent career for himself as a popular public speaker by ladling out advice about our life's journey through this modern world.
Not surprisingly, Chopra's message of hope is custom-made for recent grads, stating that there can be no social or world transformation unless there is inner transformation.
"Today," he told Hartwick's graduating class, "I ask you to face a fundamental truth. Today, I ask you to consider that there is no 'you' that is separate from the world. The gift of life, your own self-consciousness, is your key to inner transformation and wisdom, and that in turn is how you will transform the world. Today, I ask you to acknowledge that you are the world and that your transformation of consciousness will be the future of the world. This self-transformation is the wisdom for our planet's survival."
5) Never Give In
Perhaps the most inspiring commencement address is the one that Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Britain delivered in 1941 at his old school, Harrow, as he was busy rallying the world to oppose Hitler.
It was a short speech, but effective, and the thrust of Churchill's message has been widely quoted ever since:
"Sometimes imagination makes things out far worse than they are; yet without imagination not much can be done. Those people who are imaginative see many more dangers than perhaps exist; certainly many more than will happen; but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination. But for everyone, surely, what we have gone through in this period…surely from this period of 10 months this is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never—in nothing, great or small, large or petty—never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense."
Check out these related stories on AdvisorOne:
- Top 25 Colleges for Best Return on Investment: 2013
- Top 30 Colleges for Highest Starting Salaries: 2013


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|The Policy Development Process
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Proposal - Establishment of an African Regional Internet Registry | Kuala Lumpur 1997
Kuala Lumpur - 24 June 1997
Status of this document
This is the initial public announcement, made after several months of private circulation and review.
Jon Postel of the IANA has reviewed an earlier draft of this proposal. He has indicated that he thinks the proposal is reasonable, and that he does not see any problems (assuming that the proposal gets consensus support in the region).
Various people from existing regional registries have reviewed this proposal and expressed support. Support for this proposal has been obtained from people in the following African countries:
- Cameroon
- Egypt
- Ghana
- Namibia
- Senegal
- South Africa
- Tanzania
- Tunisia
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
1) Background
The IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) has overall responsibility for the allocation of IP address space. As described in RFC 2050, the IANA grants a few regional registries the authority to allocate IP address space within their respective geographical areas (which are of continental scope).
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and certain other organisations that satisfy certain criteria listed in RFC 2050 obtain IP address space from the regional registry that serves their area. In order to encourage topological address space assignment, other organisations should ordinarily obtain their IP address space from their ISP.
At present, there are three regional IP registries: the RIPE-NCC (serving Europe and surrounding areas, including parts of Africa), the APNIC (serving the Asia and Pacific region), and the InterNIC (serving the rest of the world, including parts of Africa).
RIPE and APNIC fund their IP registry activities by requiring organisations that want IP address space to become members of RIPE or APNIC, and charging membership fees based on the size of the organisation. (See RIPE-151 for RIPE's current fee structure, and APNIC-050 for APNIC's current fee structure.)
The IP registry operations of the InterNIC are not paid for directly, but are subsidised by income that the InterNIC obtains from its other activities (notably domain name registration). (At one time, the InterNIC's IP registration operations were funded partly by grants from the US government's National Science Foundation (NSF), but that is no longer the case.) The InterNIC intends to transfer its IP registry operations to ARIN, which will be a non-profit corporation funded partly by membership fees and partly by allocation fees and maintenance fees.
This document proposes that an African regional registry called the AfriNIC be formed, with a funding model similar to that proposed for ARIN. It is expected that African organistions that presently obtain IP address space from RIPE or the InterNIC will in future obtain IP addresss space from the AfriNIC.
Such an African regional registry will allocate IP address space, autonomous system numbers, and other identifiers that might from time to time be appropriate, maintain databases of registry information, make appropriate views of the databases (for example, DNS and WHOIS) available for queries from the public (for example, via WHOIS and DNS queries), and generally perform the tasks expected of a registry.
2) Guiding principles
The authors of this proposal have been guided by the following principles.
An African regional IP address registry should operate as a neutral, non-profit organisation, and should act in the long term best interests of the entire community which it serves, managing scarce resources such as IP address space in the public trust. In particular, it will not sell address space, but will manage it according to widely supported guidelines.
In order to make good decision about the long term best interests of its community, and to ensure that its policies are adapted in a timely manner to meet changing circumstances, an African regional registry should liaise with the IANA, with other regional registries (such as RIPE, APNIC and the InterNIC or ARIN), and with any other entities that may from time to time be appropriate.
The management of the IP address space should be under the control and administration of those that depend upon it. Those that depend upon IP address space are end users such as ISPs, corporate entities, universities and individuals.
A non-profit organisation, acting as a regional registry serving the African region, is an appropriate vehicle to allow end users to exercise their control over allocation of IP address space in the African region.
3) Objectives
The proposed objectives of AfriNIC are:
- to provide the service of allocating and registering Internet resources for the purpose of enabling communications via open system network protocols and to assist in the development and growth of the Internet in the African region;
- to assist the African community in the development of procedures, mechanisms, and standards to efficiently allocate Internet resources as a service to the community as a whole;
- to provide educational opportunities to further Members' technical and policy understanding of the industry;
- to develop public policies and public positions in the best interest of the Members and to seek legislative and regulatory consideration of issues of general benefit to the Members, where and when appropriate;
4) Management Structure
It is proposed that AfriNIC be composed of the following:
- Members
- Board of Trustees (7 voting members plus 1 ex officio)
- Advisory Council (9 voting members plus 1 ex officio)
- Executive Director and staff
4.1. Members
Membership will be open to any person or entity wishing to participate in the affairs of AfriNIC. Members will pay an annual membership fee, and will be entitled to attend membership meetings, to vote (in person, by proxy, or by appropriately authenticated postal or electronic means) in elections (such as the election of members of the Advisory Council and the Board of Trustees), and to enjoy any other Member benefits that might apply. It is anticipated that, under this fee-based framework, the membership will provide a focused, considered, and responsible approach to addressing and solving the challenges facing the Internets numeric addressing scheme.
Membership will be optional. AfriNIC will allocate IP address space to Members and non-Members following the same policies and guidelines for each. Both Members and non-Members will pay appropriate fees for services that they obtain from AfriNIC.
Wherever mention is made of Members being elected or appointed to positions of office within AfriNIC, it shall be understood that only natural persons may be so elected or appointed. Where a Member of AfriNIC an entity other than a natural person, then the Member shall appoint a person as their representative to AfriNIC, and that person shall be eligible for election or appointment in the Member's stead, and shall be eligible to attend and vote at meetings in the Member's stead.
4.2. Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees will have the ultimate responsibility for the business affairs and financial wellbeing of AfriNIC. The Board of Trustees will manage the affairs of AfriNIC in a manner consistent with guidance that they receive from the Advisory Council (which represents the Members), and consistent with stewardship of a limited public resource. The Board of Trustees is also expected to liaise with and seek guidance from appropriate external entities, such as the IANA and other regional registries. The Board of Trustees will be able to act even if the Advisory Council is unable to offer guidance on any particular topic.
There shall be eight voting members of the Board of Trustees, and each shall have an equal vote. One Trustee shall be appointed by the IANA every year, and need not reside within the region served by AfriNIC. The Executive Director shall be an ex-officio Member of the Board of Trustees, and will act as the liaison between the Board of Trustees and the Advisory Council. The remaining six Trustees shall be elected for three-year terms by the Members of AfriNIC in the manner more fully described below, shall all reside within the region served by AfriNIC, at least two of the six shall reside North of the equator and at least two of the six shall reside South of the equator, and not more than two of the six shall reside in any one country. Trustees may but need not be Members of AfriNIC. Trustees will not be paid for their service.
Special arrangements are necessary to select the initial members of the Board of Trustees. The IANA will select the one IANA representative on the initial Board of Trustees. The remaining six members of the initial Board of Trustees of AfriNIC will be selected jointly by the IANA, the Director General of APNIC, the Manager of the RIPE NCC, and the Manager of IP registration at the InterNIC or ARIN. Of the six initial members so selected (not counting the one IANA representative), two will be appointed for a one-year term, two will be appointed for a two-year term and two will be appointed for a three-year term. This selection of the initial Board of Trustees will have to be completed before AfriNIC begins operations and accepting Members.
When vacancies arise on the Board of Trustees (whether due to the expiry of the term of office of any Trustee or for any other reason), the Advisory Council shall prepare a list of nominations containing two or
three nominations for each vacant position, the Members shall elect one of the nominated individuals, and the newly elected Trustee shall be appointed for a three-year term. When a Trustee reaches the end of the three-year term of appointment (or a shorter term in the case of the initial Trustees), the Advisory Council may but need not include that Trustees name on the list of nominations. Elections to the Board of Trustees may occur at any time of year, and will be performed by postal or electronic means, authenticated in an appropriate way.
No person may simultaneously serve on both the Board of Trustees and the Advisory Council, except in an ex-officio position.
4.3. Advisory Council
The Advisory Council shall act in advisory capacity to the Board of Trustees on all matters involving the interests, activities, and operations of AfriNIC. The Advisory Council is to act on behalf of the membership on all matters of concern to AfriNIC. The Advisory Council is expected to consider the long term best interests of the membership, and to take cognisance of the fact that AfriNIC is acting in the public trust as steward of limited public resources such as IP address space. The Advisory Council may seek guidance from appropriate external entities (such as the IANA, other regional registries, and other industry groups).
There shall initially be nine voting members of the Advisory Council, and each shall have an equal vote. The members of the Advisory Council shall be elected for three-year terms by the Members of Afrinic in the manner more fully described below. Members of the Advisory Council must be Members of AfriNIC. Members of the Advisory Council may but need not reside within the region served by AfriNIC. Members of the Advisory Council will not be paid for their service. The Board of Trustees may from time to time increase or decrease the size of the Advisory Council to accommodate changing conditions, but the size shall not be reduced below nine members.
Special arrangements are necessary to select the initial members of the Advisory Council. The initial members of the Board of Trustees shall select the initial members of the Advisory Council from among the Members of AfriNIC. Of the nine initial members so selected, three will be appointed for a one-year term, three will be appointed for a two-year term and three will be appointed for a three-year term. This selection shall be done within the first three months of operation of AfriNIC, and AfriNIC may operate without an Advisory Council until such time as the initial Advisory Council is appointed.
At the Annual General Meeting every year, the Members of AfriNIC shall elect replacements for those members of the Advisory Council whose terms have expired. Each such newly elected Councillor will be appointed for a three-year term, and terms shall begin and end on the date of the Annual General Meeting. Outgoing Councillors may be reelected for additional terms. If an untimely vacancy arises on the Advisory Council due to death, resignation, or any cause other than ordinary expiry of the term of office, the Board of Trustees shall select a temporary replacement who shall serve until such time as the previous Councillor's term of office would ordinarily have expired.
In addition to the voting members of the Advisory Council, the Executive Director shall be a non-voting ex-officio Member of the Advisory Council, and will act as the liaison between the Board of Trustees and the Advisory Council.
No person may simultaneously serve on both the Board of Trustees and the Advisory Council, except in an ex-officio position.
4.4. Executive Director and staff
The Board of Trustees shall appoint an Executive Director, who will be responsible to the Board of Trustees for the day to day operations of AfriNIC. The Executive Director will be an employee of AfriNIC, and will be responsible for hiring and supervising all other employees.
5) Training of AfriNIC Staff
RIPE, APNIC and the InterNIC/ARIN have all offered to assist with training of AfriNIC registry staff. It is envisaged that AfriNIC staff would serve an internship at one or more of the other regional registries.
6) Legal Status of AfriNIC
It is proposed that AfriNIC be registered as an "Incorporated Association not for Gain" in terms of section 21 of the South African Companies Act. Such a company must have at least seven members, with no upper limit.
In terms of South African legislation, a section 21 company must:
- be formed for a lawful purpose;
- have a main object of promoting religion, arts, science, education, charity, recreation or any other cultural or social activity of communal or group interstes;
- apply its profits (if any) or other income in promoting its main object;
- prohibit the payment of any dividend to its members.
7) Office Location
It is proposed that the day to day registration business of AfriNIC be conducted out of an office in Accra, Ghana. Ghana has had full Internet connectivity since August 1995, and has several ISPs. Ghana's geographical position near the equator also makes it attractive from the point of view of compromise between Northern and Southern African interests. The location of the any offices will be reviewed from time to time by the Board of Trustees.
Network Computer Systems (NCS), an ISP based in Accra, is able to provide the use of an office with Internet connectivity. NCS has also offered to make some of their staff available for hire on a full-time or part-time basis by AfriNIC. Great care will be taken to ensure that the affairs of AfriNIC are kept separate from the affairs of NCS, and that NCS does not obtain any unfair advantage from this arrangement.
It is proposed that appropriate information (such as WHOIS service, DNS service, and web documents) be mirrored in other locations, to increase robustness and performance.
8) Funding Model
The following funding model is proposed to recover the costs incurred by AfriNIC while performing management and administration of IP address space. This model is based on the proposed ARIN model, which in turn is patterned after the RIPE and APNIC funding models. The fees are intended to provide the funding needed to operate AfriNIC in an effective and efficient manner and to allow AfriNIC's operations to keep pace with demand. AfriNIC will be a non-profit entity, and the membership, registration, and maintenance fees proposed in this funding model are to function solely as a cost-recovery mechanism to ensure the continued operation of AfriNIC.
It's important to note that AfriNIC will not be selling address space, but will charge for the services of allocating address space and maintaining databases. Entities that apply for allocation of address space from AfriNIC must satisfy the guidelines determined from time to time by the Board of Trustees (who will consider the advice of the Advisory Council and of appropriate external entities). It is assumed for purposes of this proposal that the guidelines made by the IANA and documented in RFC 2050 will be followed.
The following fees are proposed as cost recovery mechanisms for AfriNIC:
- Membership fee for those interested in participating in AfriNIC
- Subscription fee for bulk registration services (for ISPs)
- Registration fee for individual address space assignments
- Maintenance fee for non-contiguous non-ISP address space assignments
- Registration fee for individual address space transfers
- Registration fee for autonomous system number (ASN) allocations
- Maintenance fee for ASN allocations
As better budgetary figures become available even before AfriNIC begins operations, it is likely that the fees mentioned in this proposal (which were based directly on the fees in the ARIN proposal) may be reduced.
The fee model outlined in this proposal, as with all other aspects of AfriNIC's operations, will continue to be reviewed by the membership, Advisory Council, and Board of Trustees for its ability to meet the operational needs of AfriNIC, and for fairness to Members and other users of AfriNIC services. For example, if it transpires that AfriNIC is receiving more income than necessary, then the fees will be reduced.
8.1. Membership fees
The membership fee will be US$500 per year. Membership is not a requirement for allocation of address space or use of other AfriNIC registration services.
8.2. IP registration service
Most ISPs and end users receive IP address space from their upstream Internet Service Providers, not directly from AfriNIC or any other regional registry. Due to current routing restrictions, the IP registries in almost all cases issue a minimum of a /19 address prefix (equivalent to 8192 IP host addresses), and do not issue address space to entities that do not meet the requirements for a /19 allocation. Applicants that do not meet the requirements for a /19 allocation will usually be referred to their upstream service provider, but in some cases the regional registries may allocate smaller blocks.
AfriNIC will be responsible for continuing to maintain accurate and complete records of all address allocations, including those sub-allocations made by Internet Service Providers. As a result, a significant portion of AfriNIC's registry activities will be initiated by ISPs. Accordingly, separate fee structures are proposed for ISPs and organizations making frequent address block allocations on the one hand, and any other organisations or end users on the other hand.
It should also be noted that different allocation guidelines may be used for ISPs and non-ISPs; for example, ISPs are expected to reassign address space to their customers and to provide reports of such reassignments, and ISPs are ordinarily allocated address space based on their three-month requirements, while end users are ordinarily allocated address space based on their one-year requirements.
8.2.1. ISP subscriptions for bulk registrations and maintenance
As mentioned above, most ISPs will receive IP address space from their own upstream providers, not directly from AfriNIC.
To provide for a cost-effective allocation process for those ISPs that do receive address space from AfriNIC, it is proposed that "subscription" fees for registration services be charged. The subscription fee model is proposed instead of a fee for per service requests to minimize the cost of accounting and to minimize any advantage for not keeping the database up to date.
Any individual or entity may request IP address space under this bulk subscription scheme, and it is anticipated that some non-ISP organisations that make frequent address space assignments may wish to do so. However the organization must subsequently adhere to all allocation guidelines that apply to ISPs, such as submission of reassignment information.
The annual subscription fee will be based on the total allocation of address space received in the previous year, or (in the case of the first year for any ISP) on the amount of address space requested in the initial application. (For example, an ISP whose address space allocation grows by a /17 per year would be classified as Medium size, regardless of the total amount of address space allocated to that ISP.) ISPs receiving address space for the first time will be charged a fee based on the size of the initial address space allocation. The subscription fees will include inverse addressing (in-addr) delegation, listing in whois or rwhois databases, updates, and maintenance.
The following fee schedule outlines the categories, the corresponding fee, and size of the allocations in that category:
- Small US$2500/year /24 - /19
- Medium US$5000/year >/19 - /16
- Large US$10000/year >/16 - /14
- X-Large US$20000/year >/14
Please note: The greater than sign ">" denotes a shorter prefix. For example, >/19 means a prefix shorter than a /19.
Any ISP moving up from one category to the next in the same year, for example an ISP that moves from the small category to the medium category, will be charged the difference in fees.
8.2.2. Individual address space assignment and maintenance
As mentioned above, most end users will receive IP address space from their ISPs, not directly from AfriNIC. However, end users that can justify an allocation of a /19 or shorter prefix (8192 or more IP
addresses, or 32 or more of what used to be called Class C networks) may choose to obtain their IP address space directly from AfriNIC. They will then be liable for a one-time allocation fee for each new allocation, and for an annual maintenance fee for each non-contiguous allocation. The one-time allocation fee for each size allocation will be as follows:
- /24 to /20 US$2000
- /16 US$10000 per /16
The annual maintenance fee for each non-contiguous assignment will include inverse addressing (in-addr) delegation, listing in whois or rwhois databases, updates, and maintenance. The amount of this fee is US$50 per year per address block, and is due whether or not any updates are made or any additional address space is allocated ot the same organisation in any given year. If several contiguous address blocks have been allocated to the same entity over time in such a way that the blocks could be combined into a smaller number of larger blocks, then the maintenance fee will be assessed on that smaller number of larger blocks.
8.2.3. Individual address space transfers
Any individuals/entities transferring address space by virtue of an organization name change, merger, acquisition, etc. will be charged a transfer fee to cover the administrative costs associated with the transfer. This fee will help ensure that adequate resources are available to maintain the records and databases of AfriNIC in an efficient manner and that AfriNIC's records and databases reflect current information.
The amount of this fee is US$100 for the first address block involved in each transfer, and US$50 for each additional address block that is transferred between the same two entities in the same transaction.
8.3. Autonomous System Numbers
A one-time registration fee of US$500 will be charged for each autonomous system number assigned. There will also be an annual maintenance fee of US$50 per AS number.
8.4. Reclamation of address space and other identifiers
AfriNIC shall develop appropriate policies and procedures for the reclamation of public resources such as IP address space and AS numbers that had been allocated to entities that no longer exist, entities that cannot be contacted, entities that have not paid their fees, and entities that no longer need those resources.
9) Auditors
One of the "big six" international accounting firms (Arthur Anderson, Coopers and Lybrand, Deliotte and Touche, Ernst and Young, KPMG, or Price Waterhouse) shall be appointed as AfriNIC's auditors.
10) Acknowledgements
A lot of the words in this proposal were stolen or adapted from various RIPE, APNIC and ARIN documents.
The following people provided useful comments on earlier versions of this document. (That does not necessarily mean that they agree with everything here.)


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Posts Tagged 'Cotton'
On Slavery – 4
The experience of slaves could vary by region due in large part to the type of product the slave was engaged in bringing to market. Slaves in the hemp producing regions of Kentucky and Missouri, worked in rhythm with the cycles required by the crop. Similarly, slaves who worked in cotton producing areas (above) or regions in which tobacco was cultivated, would have had daily and seasonal work routines aligned with those crops. Regional weather would also have differentiated the experience of slaves in different parts of the south.
Slaves rented out to work in industrial areas with factories would have had a decidedly different experience than those working on a plantation. Author Kenneth Stampp suggests that factory slaves enjoyed more freedom and yet an equal if not higher incidence of overwork. The daily experience of slaves living in urban centers would have been decidedly different than rural slaves. Domestic assignments were not uncommon.


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UPDATE: 1444 hours
ORACLE TEAM USA has forced a winner-take-all final race for the 34th America's Cup after posting a come-from-behind win in Race 18.
Kiwi skipper Dean Barker started the race to leeward of rival Jimmy Spithill and held the lead around the first turning mark. The Kiwis kept the lead by 7 seconds at the leeward gate but ORACLE TEAM USA has speed to burn on the upwind legs and simply sailed past the Kiwis. ORACLE TEAM USA led by 57 seconds at the windward gate beginning the penultimate leg and finished with a 54-second advantage.
Tomorrow's Race 19 is scheduled to start at 1:15 p.m. PT and the winner will win the 34th America's Cup.
34th America's Cup Standings (first to 9 points wins)
- ORACLE TEAM USA – 8 (10 wins; ORACLE TEAM USA was penalized its first two victories by the International Jury)
- Emirates Team New Zealand – 8
Race 18 Performance Data
- Course: 5 Legs/10.11 nautical miles
- Elapsed Time: OTUSA – 22:01, ETNZ – 22:55
- Delta: OTUSA +:54
- Total distance sailed: OTUSA – 11.7 NM, ETNZ – 11.9 NM
- Average Speed: OTUSA – 31.92 knots (37 mph), ETNZ – 31.23 knots (36 mph)
- Top Speed: OTUSA – 45.79 knots (53 mph), ETNZ – 47.57 knots (55 mph)
- Windspeed: Average – 19.3 knots, Peak – 21.8 knots
- Number of Tacks/Jibes: OTUSA – 7/7, ETNZ – 10/6
UPDATE: 1431 hours
ORACLE TEAM USA attacked Emirates Team New Zealand early on the upwind leg and gained the lead the first time the two crews met. Emirates Team New Zealand held starboard and ORACLE TEAM USA port. The Kiwis went for a leebow tack and ORACLE TEAM USA popped up onto its hydrofoils and sailed over the top of the Kiwis. ORACLE TEAM USA then sped away to lead by 57 seconds at the windward gate.
UPDATE: 1420 hours
Emirates Team New Zealand and ORACLE TEAM USA were blazing down the run at 40 knots with the water of San Francisco Bay slicing off the daggerboards, but the Kiwis were able to keep ahead at the leeward gate. The Kiwis got around the leeward gate on port tack and started heading towards the cone of Alcatraz Island while ORACLEE TEAM USA went around on starboard, 7 seconds behind.
UPDATE: 1416 hours
ORACLE TEAM USA and Emirates Team New Zealand came off the starting line nearly even and engaged in a bow-to-bow drag race on the reaching leg. The Kiwis kept their leeward position to lead by 5 seconds at the reach mark. The two crews are pushing hard in 20-knot winds and 40-knot boatspeeds.
UPDATE: 1400 hours
With approximately 15 minutes to the start of Race 18 the wind is blowing 20-22 knots from about 255 degrees. The wind limit for this race is 24.1 knots.
There's been a change to the Emirates Team New Zealand crew list with Winston MacFarlane stepping in for Grant Dalton on Pedestal 3.
ORACLE TEAM USA Crew List
Skipper: Jimmy Spithill (9), Tactician: Ben Ainslie (12), Strategist: Tom Slingsby (10), Wing trimmer: Kyle Langford (8), Jib trimmer: Joe Newton (5), Off-side trimmer: Rome Kirby (4), Grinders: Shannon Falcone (1), Joe Spooner (2), Jono MacBeth (3), Gillo Nobili (6), Simeon Tienpont (7)
Emirates Team New Zealand Crew List
Skipper/helmsman: Dean Barker (14), Tactician: Ray Davies (10), Wing Trimmer: Glenn Ashby (3), Trimmer: James Dagg (9), Bow: Adam Beashel (2), Pit: Jeremy Lomas (8), Pedestal 1: Chris Ward (7), Pedestal 2: Rob Waddell (11), Pedestal 3: Winston MacFarlane (4), Pedestal 4: Chris McAsey (5), Float/Grinder: Derek Saward (12)
UPDATE: 1345 hours
ORACLE TEAM USA scored its sixth consecutive win in Race 17 of the 34th America's Cup and lies within one point of Emirates Team New Zealand. The Kiwis have needed just one win to capture the America's Cup after moving opening a lead of 8-1 last Wednesday, and now lead the series 8-7.
The Kiwis were put on the back foot early in Race 17 when ORACLE TEAM USA skipper Jimmy Spithill got a late leeward hook in the prestart, which forced Emirates Team New Zealand's Dean Barker to stay clear. But the boats collided twice, with ORACLE TEAM USA's starboard hull hitting Emirates Team New Zealand's port hull, and the Kiwis were penalized twice for failing to keep clear.
Race 18 of the series is scheduled to start this afternoon at 2:15 p.m. PT.
34th America's Cup Standings (first to 9 points wins)
- Emirates Team New Zealand – 8
Race 17 Performance Data
- Course: 5 Legs/10.11 nautical miles
- Elapsed Time: OTUSA – 24:04, ETNZ – 24:31
- Delta: OTUSA +:27
- Total distance sailed: OTUSA – 11.8 NM, ETNZ – 11.6 NM
- Average Speed: OTUSA – 29.62 knots (34 mph), ETNZ – 28.63 knots (33 mph)
- Top Speed: OTUSA – 44.02 knots (51 mph), ETNZ – 46.33 knots (53 mph)
- Windspeed: Average – 16.8 knots, Peak – 20.0 knots
- Number of Tacks/Jibes: OTUSA – 8/6, ETNZ – 7/5
UPDATE: 1333 hours
ORACLE TEAM USA held its lead ont eh upwind leg although Emirates Team New Zealand gained 10 seconds on the 3-nautical-mile leg to trail by 19 seconds at the windward gate. Both crews were foiling upwind at 26-30 knots boatspeed, and took off on the run at 35-40 knots.
UPDATE: 1321 hours
ORACLE TEAM US has taken its early advantage in Race 17 and stretched it to a lead of 29 seconds at the leeward gate. The Kiwis were penalized twice in the prestart, both times for not keeping clear as windward boat. The wind is blowing 17 knots from 247 degrees.
UPDATE: 1316 hours
ORACLE TEAM USA got a late hook with about 5 seconds to the start and drew a penalty on Emirates Team New Zealand for windward-leeward. ORACLE TEAM USA pulled its bows down and sped away to the first mark, where it led by 17 seconds.
UPDATE: 1305 hours
Ten minutes to the start of Race 17 and the wind is down to 14-16 knots and has backed to 240 degrees.
UPDATE: 1245 hours
With 30 minutes to the start of Race 17, the wind is blowing 22 knots from 266 degrees.
UPDATE: 1215 hours
One hour to the start of Race 17 and the wind is up above 20 knots on the racecourse. The wind was blowing 19-22 knots from 255-260 degrees. The wind limit for this race is 24.7 knots.
UPDATE: 1118 hours
The past three days in San Francisco have featured winds too unstable for racing, fresh winds for two races on Sunday, and one race yesterday in winds that were too light to complete two races. Today, it's yet another scenario with the wind forecast to gust to 25 knots or stronger.
"We're back more to the San Francisco that we all expected, a building southwest breeze," said Regatta Director Iain Murray. "Already there's 15-16 knots on the racecourse, so the breeze has signaled its intentions early. We're expecting it to keep building through the day.
"We have strong limits today, 24.7 knots for Race 1 and 24.1 knots for Race 2, so lots of current assist," Murray continued. "We're concerned about getting the second race away because of the wind limit. There's a lot of wind forecast."
Race 17 is scheduled to start at 1315 and Race 18 at 1415. ORACLE TEAM USA will have port tack in the first prestart start and Emirates Team New Zealand in the second.
UPDATE: 0925 hours
Today's crew lists feature the return of Grant Dalton on Pedestal 3 for Emirates Team New Zealand.
ORACLE TEAM USA Crew List
Skipper: Jimmy Spithill (9), Tactician: Ben Ainslie (12), Strategist: Tom Slingsby (10), Wing trimmer: Kyle Langford (8), Jib trimmer: Joe Newton (5), Off-side trimmer: Rome Kirby (4), Grinders: Shannon Falcone (1), Joe Spooner (2), Jono MacBeth (3), Gillo Nobili (6), Simeon Tienpont (7)
Emirates Team New Zealand Crew List
Skipper/helmsman: Dean Barker (14), Tactician: Ray Davies (10), Wing Trimmer: Glenn Ashby (3), Trimmer: James Dagg (9), Bow: Adam Beashel (2), Pit: Jeremy Lomas (8), Pedestal 1: Chris Ward (7), Pedestal 2: Rob Waddell (11), Pedestal 3: Grant Dalton (6), Pedestal 4: Chris McAsey (5), Float/Grinder: Derek Saward (12)
Today in America's Cup history
September 24 is noted in particular for close matches in 1934 and 1983.
- 1885: Challenger Sir Richard Sutton is elected an honorary member of the New York Yacht Club. Rated as the best sportsman in the history of the Cup, Sutton refused an offer of a race win by the NYYC Committee after the defender yacht Puritan struck challenger Genesta during the pre-start of the first race. Sutton told them, "I did not come here to take a race under such conditions" (which was reported in the press as "We want a race, not walk over"), and with those words immortalized himself in the history of the Cup, and in the hearts of his American hosts.
- 1934, Race 5, Endeavour vs. Rainbow – Rainbow wins by 4:01 to get to match point at 3-2 after the challenger led the series 2-0. The fifth race was held in a fresh NE wind on a windward-leeward course. Rainbow's downwind performance had lifted with improvements made during the series so that Endeavour lost its initial dominance. Rainbow had added additional ballast and took on board Yankee's spinnaker and sail trimmer Frank Paine. Poor sail handling at the start cost Endeavour the lead. Even a torn spinnaker and a man overboard on Rainbow (but quickly recovered without need to go about), did not lose Rainbow the lead, and her win put her on match point.
- 1958, Race 2, Sceptre v. Columbia – Columbia wins by 11:42 to go two races up. The second race was held in a steady 10-knot breeze. Columbia appeared to not to contest the start too closely, preferring to rely on her obvious speed advantage and leaving Sceptre to win the start. Columbia sailed past Sceptre to windward and rounded the first mark 3 minutes, 3 seconds ahead, and she continued to build on her advantage to win by a large margin and crush what hope remained for Sceptre. The emphatic win was reminiscent of the legendary Ranger's dominance in the prior match, before World War II interrupted racing for 21 years.
- 1970, Race 4, Gretel II vs. Intrepid – Gretel II wins by 1:02 with Intrepid on match point at 3-1. Held in light conditions Intrepid failed to cover Gretel II when the Australian crew jibed away on the last leg. After the Intrepid realized its mistake it was too late and Gretel II was ahead and took its first official victory after its earlier victory was lost due to a successful protest.
- 1983, Race 7, Australia II vs. Liberty – No winner: The historic seventh race is abandoned after two attempts due to light winds. Liberty had been on match point at 3-1 since Sept. 20 and needed only one more race win the Cup match. Australia II managed to claw its way back and into history winning the next three races, interspersed with delays due to lay days and light winds.
America's Cup Park
10:00 am – America's Cup Park opens, free access to public
11:00 am – AC72s on moorings
11:45 am – Dock-Out Show, Presentation Stage
12:45 pm – Pre-Race Show with Andy Green
1:00 pm – "America's Cup Race Show" includes live commentary from 1:15pm, until 3:00
1:15 pm – America's Cup Final 17: ORACLE Team USA vs. Emirates Team New Zealand
2:15 pm – America's Cup Final 18*: ORACLE Team USA vs. Emirates Team New Zealand
3.15 pm – Poster Signing with team representatives from ORACLE Team USA
4:00 pm – Poster Signing with team representatives from Emirates Team New Zealand
4:00 pm – Race Replay, North Point & Plaza
America's Cup Village
11:00 am – America's Cup Village opens
11:45 am – Dock-Out Show live from America's Cup Park (Pier 27/29) – on the big screens
12:45 pm – Pre-Race Show live from the America's Cup Park – on the big screens
1:15 pm – America's Cup Final 17: ORACLE Team USA vs Emirates Team New Zealand
2:15 pm – America's Cup Final 18*: ORACLE Team USA vs Emirates Team New Zealand
2:50 pm – Post-Race Show – on the big screens
4:00 pm – Race Replay – on the big screens
(* If necessary)
ORIGINAL POST: 0655 hours
As this America's Cup Final makes a case for being remembered as the hardest fought in history, some context is needed.
The 1983 match is generally remembered as the best in the 162-year story of the America's Cup. Certainly in the modern era of the Cup, it's hard to argue the point. Dennis Conner's Liberty held a 3-1 lead over Australia II, with the Australians generally acknowledged as having the faster boat. Conner had a series lead, as well as a lead in the final race. But he couldn't stem the tide. He couldn't hold off the faster boat, and Australia II became the first team in history to beat the Americans in 132 years of America's Cup racing.
Are we seeing something similar playing out this week? On September 18, less than one week ago, Emirates Team New Zealand went to match point, leading 8-1 on the leaderboard and 8-3 in race wins.
This morning the score line is 8-6, and it's 8-8 in race victories. But the comeback isn't complete. As Kiwi skipper Dean Barker said last night, "We wouldn't want to trade places."
The problem for Barker? He wouldn't get ORACLE TEAM USA's Jimmy Spithill to trade places anyway. The combative Spithill is very happy with his team, his boat, and their performance. Down 8-1, he said he wanted to be part of the team that made the biggest comeback in sports. He's more than halfway there. And he's already changed the question people are asking.
It's no longer, "When will the Kiwis seal the deal?"
It's, "Can ORACLE TEAM USA continue this magical run?"
That's not to say Emirates Team New Zealand is out of it. Not by a long shot. They need one win, one lousy win, before the Americans win three. Can they do it?
Their first chance comes today. Racing starts at 1:15pm PT with a forecast for strong conditions, in the 17-20 knot range.
Whoever wins today, whoever wins this match, it has already taken its place among the best in the long history of the Cup. If we're still racing tomorrow it might just be right at the very top.


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SMF - Just Installed!
Well, honestly the way I go about choking someone for real in martial arts/whatever and in bed are completely different. There are different ways to go about this. Slight asphyxiation and choking also yield different results in play. The first leads to a sort of erotic high, while the second causes more of a flight or fight response and leads to the pumping of adrenaline.I think the best fun is asphyxiation in a sexual situation, it can greatly enhance orgasms. If you're into that sort of thing. I've been on the receiving end of this as well. I can definitely say that gently cutting of part of the oxygen supply in bed can lead to a certain erotic high.Also, just because you're not into the 'hardcore' sides of bdsm, doesn't mean a little bit of kink might not be right for you. It's not like everyone in the scene is into all the same stuff. It's just like anything else- Anal, for instance, isn't for everyone- even though it's great fun for others.Honestly, if you don't trust someone that completely, you shouldn't even have them dom you in lighter ways. What I appreciate the most about bdsm experiences (other than being an evil, evil sadist) is the level of trust and connection involved. I think that might be the key for you Pozf, is just finding someone you can trust 100%, bdsm or no. Whenever that happens. There's no real rush!Ok cuties, then here's a softer question.Have any of you played with bondage in sex, or thought about it? Anything from fluffy handcuffs and belts to delicious hemp rope hog ties and full suspension, we're talking immobilization. Does this excite you?I highly suggest you all pick up some bondage tape and do some research with a few 'quickies' and report back with your mathematical analysis. XD
Well "at all" is an exassageration. We still do it occasionally, but not enough. We were never incredibly sexually compatible. But it's okay becuase we have a great relationship outside the bedroom, and we don't believe in the draconian defention of fidelity that most people do. Life is a confusing and diffcult place, and I'm thankful for Gary regardless of his sexual voraciousness (or lack thereof).


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Cervical spondylosis
Cervical spondylosis causes neck pain – often in the over 50s. A GP should check more serious cases affecting the spine.
Check if it's cervical spondylosis
Ageing causes wear and tear to muscles and bones – called cervical spondylosis.
Symptoms include:
- neck and shoulder pain or stiffness – that comes and goes
- headaches – often starting at the back of the neck
Exercise can ease cervical spondylosis symptoms
Neck pain can be helped with exercise and by improving your posture.
A pharmacist can help with cervical spondylosis
Painkillers like paracetamol and ibuprofen can help ease neck pain and stiffness.
Ask your pharmacist if they can recommend stronger painkillers if you need them.
Non-urgent advice: See a GP if you have:
- pain that's getting much worse
- lack of co-ordination – for example trouble with tasks like buttoning a shirt
- heaviness or weakness in your arms or legs
- pins and needles in an arm as well as pain
- problems walking
- loss of bladder or bowel control
These can be signs of a more severe condition (cervical myelopathy) which can cause permanent damage to the spine if left untreated.
What happens at your appointment
Your GP will examine your neck and shoulder. They might also test your reflexes and watch you walk.
Depending on your symptoms you might be sent for other tests such as X-rays or scans.
Treatment from a GP
Treatment depends on how bad your symptoms are.
Your GP might give you more exercises to do and recommend you carry out your usual activities as much as possible.
Your GP might also prescribe a muscle relaxant or other medicine if the pain has been coming and going for a long time (chronic pain).
It usually takes a few weeks for treatment to work, although the pain and stiffness can come back.
Surgery is only considered if:
- a nerve is being pinched by a slipped disc or bone (cervical radiculopathy)
- there's a problem with your spinal cord (cervical myelopathy)
Surgery is not always a cure but it may stop symptoms getting worse.
Physiotherapy for cervical spondylosis
If your symptoms don't improve in a few weeks your GP might prescribe physiotherapy.
Physiotherapy from the NHS may not be available everywhere and waiting times can be long.
You can also get physiotherapy privately.
Causes of cervical spondylosis
Many people aged over 50 have cervical spondylosis as part of getting older.
You can get cervical spondylosis at any age if you have:
- a job that involves repetitive neck movements or a lot of overhead work – like painting and decorating
- previously had a neck injury
- a family history of the condition
Some people have it without knowing, and without it being a problem.


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News & Notes: Game 92
Follow the Herd:
Listen to the Game Live: CLICK HERE!
Bisons Baseball Network: CLICK HERE!
Email the Broadcast Team: CLICK HERE!
Everything about the Herd: CLICK HERE!
Get to a Bisons Game: CLICK HERE!
TODAY'S GAME: Tonight, the Buffalo Bisons face the Louisville Bats in the second game of a four-game series from Louisville Slugger Field (7:05 p.m.). The Herd lost the series opener last night, 5-1, to begin this eight-game roadtrip. After their series with the Bats, the Herd will continue on to Indianapolis for a four-game set with the Indians.
vs. THE BATS: The Bisons fell to 2-3 against Louisville this year after last night's loss. The teams split a four-game set in Buffalo, April 30 – May 3. The Herd lost the season-series a year ago, 5-3. The Herd has a .538 winning percentage (50-43) against Louisville since returning to the IL in 1998.
HITS KEEP COMING: OF Jesus Feliciano collected a pair of singles on Monday to raise his season batting average to .311. He is now 8th in the International League in hitting and tied for 4th in total hits (96). Feliciano is on pace for 152 hits on the year, which would tied for the sixth highest total in the Bisons Modern Era. The last players to top the 150-hit mark in a season were INF Jhonny Peralta (181) and INF Brandon Phillips (158) in 2004.
GETTIN' CHIPPY: OF Chip Ambres had two more hits last night, including an RBI-double. The veteran is now hitting .427 (10-24) in his last seven games. During the stretch, Ambres has four doubles, two home runs, six RBI and five runs scored.
ROSTER MOVE: OF Josh Petersen has been promoted to the team from Binghamton (AA). In 57 games with the B-Mets, Petersen hit .326 (59-181) with three home runs and 27RBI. In his last 25 games, the outfielder has hit .379 (33-87) for Binghamton. To make roster room, OF Emil Brown has been released from the Mets organization. Brown hit .256 (32-125) with two home runs and 13RBI in 34 games with Buffalo.
SULLY TO NEW YORK: OF Cory Sullivan was promoted to the Mets yesterday as former Bison RHP Fernando Nieve was placed on New York's disabled list. Sullivan hit .290 (83-286) with a pair of home runs and 24RBI in 85 games with the Herd. The outfielder had averaged .318 (48-151) over his last 41 games with the club.


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I now declare this blog to be Officially Closed.
All comments are closed.
This. Is. The. Last. Post.
From now on, I'll be blogging over at coffeeslut.net which will eventually be home to all the posts I've written here. I'm having a few technical difficulties exporting them but exported they will be, even if I tear all my hair out in the process.
Thank you, bring me sunshine, you've been lovely.
Byeeeeeeee x


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Birmingham, Ala. – Steve Savarese, Executive Director of the Alabama High School Athletic Association (AHSAA), and Birmingham Mayor William Bell, Sr., announced Wednesday that the AHSAA Final 48 State Basketball Championships will continue to be played at the Birmingham Jefferson Convention Complex (BJCC) Arena through the 2020 season.
The new agreement between the AHSAA and the City of Birmingham extends the current contract, which runs through 2015, for five more years.
"We are proud to extend the Final 48 contract," Savarese said. "This solidifies our basketball championships through the rest of this decade and insures that our student-athletes and schools will be afforded the experience of life-long memories.
"It has been a symbiotic relationship between the AHSAA and the City of Birmingham. We have a great venue and the economic impact has been very important for Birmingham."
Mayor Bell said the city appreciates its partnership with the AHSAA and is happy to keep the Final 48 in Birmingham through 2020.
"This extension is a step forward in our efforts to make Birmingham a great sports city," said Mayor Bell. "With the NCAA Division II Winter Championship Festival coming in a few weeks, and a new baseball stadium being completed this spring, we are certainly proving that Birmingham is the center for hosting sporting events.
"Birmingham is growing in every aspect of sports, entertainment, parks and recreation. We hope that this extension is just one of many good things to come."
Savarese praised Mayor Bell, the BJCC and the Birmingham Tip-Off Club for their outstanding service and support since the inception of the Final 48 in 1994.
"This is our 20th year at the BJCC, and none of it would have been possible without such fine leadership from the city and the Tip-Off Club. So many have sacrificed their time. We thank Mayor Bell for his willingness to make this such an outstanding event for our schools and student-athletes.
"I also want to extend a heartfelt thanks to the Tip-Off Club and its leaders, especially those in the beginning like Edgar Welden, Janis and John Clements, Dick Coffee, Jim Conrad, Lynne and Tim Petro … there have been so many. I also want to thank the Alabama Sports Foundation for its management of the Final 48 and its leadership in solidifying the future of this tournament through the rest of the decade."
Savarese also praised the vision of former AHSAA Executive Director Dan Washburn, who brought this exciting format including both girls and boys to fruition in 1994.
"We are constantly questioned by other state associations wanting to know more about how our regional and state format works. They are amazed at how we have incorporated the boys and girls at the same site so successfully year after year."
The AHSAA State Basketball Championships are in their 90th year for boys and 36th year for girls. Until 1994 the tournaments were played at different sites on different dates.
Courtesy AHSAA Media Relations


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Snowe mobile: Former Maine senator speaks at Emily Couric lunch
Once upon a time, "moderate Republican" was not considered an oxymoron. An example of that rare breed, former Maine Senator Olympia Snowe, was in Charlottesville March 18 as the Emily Couric Leadership Forum's woman of the year.
Time named Snowe one of the best U.S. senators in 2006, but in 2012 she announced she wouldn't seek a fourth term because of the polarizing partisanship that had ground congressional effectiveness to a halt.
Out of office for two months, Snowe notes some steps toward civility. "The president has made overtures toward the House and the Senate," she says. "That's important."
Snowe lists the challenges in the budget process of reconciling tax reform and entitlement reform. "One can't happen with the other," she predicts.
Neither side thought sequestration would happen, and both sides are being affected in ways they don't find acceptable, she adds.
"It's always important to talk to those with whom you disagree," says the senator. "We cannot afford to lose another year because of the failures in Washington."
At the event named in honor of state Senator Emily Couric, who died in 2001 from pancreatic cancer, each local high school nominates an outstanding young woman. The 2013 winner, Anjali Prahash of St. Anne's-Belfield, received a $30,000 scholarship. Each finalist gets $4,000, and Danielle Horridge of Albemarle High School was awarded an additional $5,000.
And to those young women who are the crème de la high school crop this year, Snowe advises, "Never relent on what you want to accomplish."Read more on: emily couric scholarshipolympia snowe


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Welcome to the Gunboard's Forums.
The best the Net has to offer. Since 1995 the leader in talking guns.
Reviews of firearms, firearms products, publications, movies, reference works, and other such items by Gunboards personnel and users.
This forum has been set up for members to share thoughts about loved ones that have passed. Board members may post of any person (even a beloved pet) that they wish to. This board is dedicated to departed forum board members Big Mike, Shyquestor, Colin in NC, Jimmy Dean Carter, and to Thelma M who was Tuco's beloved grandmother.
Created froma need of our parent site- Mosinnagant.net- we started the collectors board in 1996. This is the original Mosin Nagant forum on the Internet. It is the most active board on the subject that can be found. The board is world renowned as the benchmark on the subject. With users from all around the world, it provides an insight that is unique and educational that adds to the knowledge base and allows it to grow. An intense focus is put on the all the models of Mosin Nagant, Russian and Finnish weapons, as well as Soviet Arms such as the SVT38 and SVT40. A wide ranging and detailed dialogue with collectors and experts from the world over can be found here. If you like the Mosin Nagants, Finnish or Soviet weapons, or collectible firearms subjects then this is the board to check out.
Today, 01:20 AM
This forum is now open. From time to time new surveys dealing with the Mosin Nagant (and other arms) will be posted. Please assist in this venture as your input is needed to further Mosin Nagant research. Thanks and enjoy. - Note - This is a members only board.
The Mauser Rifle Forum: This board is setup for a wide range of topics concerning the military issued Mauser line of rifles. Without a doubt one of the most celebrated and widespread designs the world has ever known. All military Mauser topics are welcome as this forum covers a lot of ground. It is blessed with experts from the US and abroad.
Yesterday, 09:55 PM
This discussion forum focus's on the famed K98 rifle of the German Wehrmacht and it variations and derivatives. Certainly one of the most popularly collected rifles around. This forum discusses the rifle and provides experts and collectors alike a place to share research and information. This board has quickly risen to be one of our most popular and houses some of the top collectors in the field.
Yesterday, 08:27 PM
This forum has long been desired at Gunboards and finally it is here. by demand of the users. In this forum the militaria items of the German army such as equipment, medals and insignia and headgear are discussed and knowledge of the subject matter shared.
Today, 01:53 AM
For the collectors and researchers of these fascinating German WW2 semi-automatic rifles. Now you have a dedicated forum to discuss your favorite rifles and share your opinions and questions as well as gain research with some of the best experts in the field!
Yesterday, 07:58 AM
Gunboards.Com Sniper Forum: A extensive range of military sniper rifles are covered on this board. Much of the information is quite detailed and should be of interest. The forum focuses on the Mosin Nagant sniper rifles and its variations as well the SVT and others but all sniper rifles are discussed here and information on just about any model can be found here. Hosted by Vic Thomas of MHC and author of the acclaimed "Sniper Rifles Of The Red Star" found on mosin nagant dot net. We welcome you!
Yesterday, 10:23 PM
The SKS and AK series of rifles have always been popular arms and have vast numbers of owners that love them. This board is different from other forums in that it is geared more towards collectors, builders and shared research information of these immensely popular rifles. Give it a try as we think you will like the manner this board is run. One of the most popular forums we run.
Yesterday, 09:56 PM
For all military semi autos and like arms but with a focus on the FAL and AR series rifles. All types of military semi auto type rifles can be discussed here regardless of caliber or nation of issue. You'll find in depth discussions on weapons ranging from the featured FAL and AR type rifles to HK's, FN's and AUG as well as many others. Be welcome and discuss and share your passion with like minded collectors and shooters of these great rifles in this forum area.
Yesterday, 04:12 PM
One of the more interesting lines of arms available to collectors today. All Italian arms issues are discussed here. These weapons are gaining popularity with the collector and this is the spot to learn about them with some of the top experts in the field.
JG Sales is Now selling 91 TS...
Yesterday, 07:41 PM
For all French made arms of all time periods. From the Gras to the famous MAS line of weapons. This is the premier forum for collectors of French weapons.
Yesterday, 09:35 PM
For all Czech manufactured and issued arms. Vz24 Mauser to the Cz24 pistol it is all covered here by some of the best collectors in the field.
Yesterday, 11:07 AM
For those that collect the fine Swiss made rifles and handguns. Open discussions and information sharing for all Swiss weapons.
This fine board covers a wide range of arms. The GEW 88, Vetterli, the M95, and many other arms are covered in detail with some of the world's leading experts. All blackpowder cartridge rifles may be discussed here as well.
Yesterday, 10:28 PM
One of the more interesting of the older rifle systems that are highly prized by collectors. If you want to talk Martini or any of its many variations this is your forum!
Gunboards presents a machine gun board that covers not only historic issue machine guns but machine guns of all periods. Maxims, Bren, ZB26, UZI, M16, RPK, and others are covered here. Some of the most knowledgeable full auto collectors can be found here to discuss the hobby and share their knowledge.
Question about using aluminum...
Yesterday, 08:42 PM
For all military or military type handguns from all eras, regardless of nation of issue or time frame. From the old warhorse to the newest sidearm in the arsenal - All are covered here. Feel free to contribute in the discussions...
Tell me everything wrong with...
Today, 01:57 AM
For the collectors of these unique and desireable handguns as well as Nagant variations outside of Russian manufacture. Stop in and learn about these unusal and collectible firearms! A SERIAL NUMBER SURVEY has been added so please check it out, too. Everyone's info would be appreciated to aid in the research side of these pistols.
Civilian and Law Enforcement Handguns are our focus. This forum deals with current handguns both auto's and revolvers used by shooters around the world. Questions of current concealed carry handguns, holsters, ammo, and techniques come up quite often here.
very cheap home defense pistol
Yesterday, 11:36 PM
A board for those that collect items from the Middle Eastern region. The board is for militaria as well as all firearms from nations such as Israel, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Armenia , Iraq, Egypt, North Africa, and other nations from the region.
For Those That Collect Lever Actions Of All Eras. Love those old lever actions? Then this the place to learn and share your knowledge- join in the fun.
Yesterday, 04:23 PM
All USA issued weapons are covered on this board. The 1903, the M1, the 1911, and a host of others like the BAR and 1919 and modern versions of our armed forces arsenal.
Yesterday, 10:16 PM
For those building the various semi-autos. Be these the 1919's, AK's or others , all posters are welcome to share their projects and builds here and exchange tips and ideas.
A board setup by JPS, a Gunboards moderator contributing author to several publications and long time WW1 collector and researcher. Due to popular demand a board is now in place for John to share his impressive collection and unbelievable knowledge with other collectors interested in this area. Please feel free to add your input, comments, information, and photos.
Yesterday, 07:46 PM
We hosted this board a number of years ago and decided to bring it back. Come on sportsmen - take part in the fun.
So are you a big boy with a big toy? For the fans of the big stuff.
Here you can show off military photos from your collection. These can be of any nation and any era â World One War to Iraq and everything in between. Lots of great photos are posted here so check it out.
Today, 02:03 AM
For the discussion of tanks, armored personal carriers, armored cars, artillery, anti tank guns, anti aircraft guns, mortars, military planes, military helicopters, related ordnance, and military warships. All of these subjects have equal standing so if you love the equipment that makes the armed forces of the roll shake, rattle, and roll this is the place for you. Brought to you by Trans Universal Combat Ordnance.
What is my father posing with?
Today, 12:26 AM
This forum is dedicated to the veterans of war and is a place for those to post pictures and stories, personal histories and more about their loved ones or friends or acquaintances who saw the dogs of war and brought home the stories to share with us. Open to all time frames , countries and conflicts, this forum shall act as a place of tribute to those who heard the call and proudly served their nations.
M44 bring back taken off VC...
Yesterday, 06:49 PM
For detailed discussions about surplus and other ammo. While not really focusing on reloading, this topic is also discussed and covered in this valuable forum for the shooter and collector alike..
Yesterday, 11:34 PM
For the discussion of any competitive shooting activity, formal or informal, involving military rifles. Join in today and get some great tips and info from the experts. For the novice and experienced shooter alike.
For militaria and bladed weapons collectors. All eras are covered on this board, from the past to the present.
Yesterday, 06:13 PM
This board focuses on Commerical and Military Sporting Arms and Associated Accoutrements. Included in this forum are discussions focusing on vintage (Pre-WWII) to contemporary sporting arms and other such topics.
Yesterday, 01:28 PM
Restoration, gunsmithing, reloading, and tinkering are the topics on this board started by our friend Win. This board has grown and grown over the years and is an outstanding technical gun forum.
Yesterday, 07:26 PM
Blackpower (ball, cap, percussion, flintlock, inlines). Hunters and shooters are most welcome to join in. For those that love the smell of blackpowder in the morning.
Yesterday, 08:20 AM
For questions that deal with concealed carry. The board is here to discuss good choices for carry weapons, laws, tactics, accessories, and like subjects. As the world has become a more dangerous place more and more people have decided to go to concealed carry, and it is our hope this board helps those thinking of taking the next step.
so, where do we buy ammo for...
Yesterday, 11:44 PM
This forum is for the fans of the "scatter gun". Discuss all of your interest and experiences in this fascinating field of both military application of the shotgun and the commercial/hunting use of the shotgun.
Yesterday, 09:57 PM
Brand New! This is the place for those old single action pistols for those who enjoy them as a shooter and or the collector. If you like S&W, Colt or Ruger as well as all the others- come in and add to the discussion nad have some fun!
Two very interesting rifles from Spain that are catching on with collectors. One of the fasting growing and one of the most used boards Gunboards.com hosts. Check it out!Were all family here
A board set up for those that collect Spanish handguns.
Yesterday, 10:54 PM
A general sound off board where you can express your thoughts on any number of matters pertaining to the right to keep and bear arms (RKBA). It's not OT here. From legislation, shoots and view points as well as related topics. Profanity is not allowed! Political views and topics should be posted in the politics board.
Yesterday, 07:02 PM
Survival/Preparedness A forum setup to keep you in the ready. Better safe than sorry.
Today, 12:22 AM
Makarov Dot Com - The Best Mak Info That Can Be Found
A great line of pistols with a lot of fans. Make sure to visit Makarov.Com's fine site as well.
Yesterday, 12:43 AM
Slim Tim has done it again! He has started his own trader just for those that love the Makarov pistols and accessories.
Yesterday, 12:45 AM
For all Scandinavian firearms
The forum that covers all your questions on the fine military arms of Sweden. This board is run by two well known and respected collectors, Anders and The Dutchman.
Yesterday, 07:32 PM
A board that will focus on the non military arms of Sweden. Enjoy!
For the fans of the Krag rifles and carbines. You asked for this board and now you have it.
Yesterday, 02:50 AM
Boards suited to the arms of the Rising Sun-Imperial Japanese arms and militaria are the focus here.
For the collectors of the weapons and militaria of Japan. This board supports and is the forum section for the world acclaimed Japanese collectors group, BANZAI. This board is the best one on the net for Imperial Japanese arms and accoutrement's with all of the leading experts regularly in attendance.
Yesterday, 10:14 PM
Yesterday, 09:10 PM
For the fans of the Lee Enfield line.
Today, 01:44 AM
This forum is for the discussion of British commonwealth arms. Off topic posts are fine but please stay civil and within the forum rules and standards. There is a bit more of an international flare here.
Yesterday, 10:42 PM
A board for those that collect and shoot the 22 caliber military trainers and derivatives. A great place to meet and discuss these fascinating rifles used to train for the big boys.
Yesterday, 08:35 PM
A mix of boards for collectors.
A place for shooters from these great states to meet and get together. Set up shoots, go to shows together, get out and have some fun!
For the collectors of DDR items. Both a discussion board as well as a trader to list items for sale
Source for cast 6.5 bullets...
Yesterday, 09:35 PM
The Cartridge-Ordnance Collectors Board
need help with an unknown to...
Today, 01:54 AM
17 Sep 1939, Soviets invade...
Yesterday, 09:43 PM
This is a safe haven for the FB gun groups that are losing their collecting based groups due to the FB policy changes. This forum is very lightly moderated and you are free to express your opinions and thoughts openly. The group IS PASSWORD protected so you will need to click on one of the moderators names to obtain the password from them via PM. It is not to be shared-
If you get an email SPAM from a site user or get a private message that is SPAM report it here. Be detailed when leaving this report. Make sure to include the email address and the USERNAME. The USERNAME is very important as we need it to take action.
Help on how to use these boards. NO FIREARMS HELP GIVEN HERE. Just system questions will be answered.
Member Announcement: We Are...
Yesterday, 03:31 PM
Please make comments here regarding the performance of the boards. Noting the time and date is important
Don't know how to use the functions or upload a picture? pop in here and use this board to make test postings and to see how our features work.
A listing of all of the great sponsors that make Gunboards.com possible and the links to their websites or contact info. We highly recommend that all of our members support and visit our sponsors before any other source for thier shooting and collecting needs. They make it possible for all of us to be here. We MUST support them for the privledge.
Make sure to check on these boards often as they will be for listings by our official site sponsors. Special deals, sales, and other offerings. Only official Gunboards sponsors may post on this board.
Yesterday, 11:28 AM
A group buy forum that will allow members special pricing on items from various vendors. The only postings allowed here are those that are group buys WE set up. Members or outside vendors are not allowed to start their own buys and use the board for this purpose.
If you wish to suggest a group buy please feel free to post it here. Maybe our sponsors will find a deal for you!
Steyr hahn barrel manufacture...
List all your WTS - WTT (Wanted To Sell or Wanted To Trade) ads on the very active Gunboards.com Trader. The best trader found on the net! ABSOLUTELY NO COMMERCIAL POSTINGS are allowed EXCEPT for Gunboards.com sponsors. WTB ads should be placed on the WTB forum board. WARNING: Gun-related items only to be listed!! Combine your ads into one posting please-
wts Zrak PN 5x80 for M76 rifle
Today, 01:36 AM
This forum is setup for those items that require a transfer tax. Machine guns and like arms. This is a new service from Gunboards.com and we hope it is of use to the members.
Yesterday, 06:17 PM
A place where you can post a request to buy a certain item or items. This forum gives you a quick look at people searching for specific things you may be selling.
WTB: Soviet Russian TT-30 and...
Yesterday, 10:09 PM
Please post your non firearms, non related to firearms, non military, and like items here. This board can be used to list items for sale, trade, or item wanted to buy. Please use this board for such postings not the standard Trader.
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Yesterday, 09:49 PM
On this forum only list NEGATIVE feedback from a buyer or a seller. Use the new positive feedback forum for positive feedback or alerts. These boards may only be used to leave feedback on sales made on the Gunboards.com trader, site sponsors selling through Gunboards.com, or sales items listed in some affiliation with Gunboards.com. OUTSIDE dealings are not be to be posted here. 3 negative feedback ratings will result in a suspension from Gunboards.com
Gun Show Listings: List all upcoming gunshows here. Anyone may post on this board not just sponsors. Nationwide! ONLY FOR GUNSHOW LISTINGS!
Alexandria MN gun show August...
Use this board to discuss and setup meets with other members.
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Welcome to our newest member, Stocking132


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You may be eligible for certain tax credits or deductions to help with your expenses for higher education. The IRS website has the most up-to-date information regarding tax benefits for education.
Loyola will send a 1098-T Tuition Statement form to all students who are or have been registered for any term during the previous calendar year. The 1098-T form will be mailed to students by January 31 at their permanent address. The information found on the 1098-T will aid in determining what tax credits or deductions may be available. You can also obtain an electronic copy of the 1098-T form under the Financial Information link in the WebAdvisor module of Inside Loyola.
Loyola University Maryland will supply any additional information or answer any questions regarding student accounts; however, the University can not offer any tax advice. You should consult your tax adviser with your specific questions.
For additional information see:
Internal Revenue Service
National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators