text:
Yesterday, the US Department of Energy released a roadmap for the projects it would like to pursue over the rest of this decade. The report lays out five major priorities for the physics community and lists a set of projects that can be built to meet them. To make sure those projects are completed, it recommends an increased emphasis on funding actual construction (as opposed to technology development or research) over the next several years. All of which sounds good—until you recognize that the report's worst-case budget scenario is better than the Obama administration's budget request for this research.
It's worth going through each of the five points and the projects that serve them.
Use the Higgs boson as a new tool for discovery. For the foreseeable future, the Large Hadron Collider is the only game in town for the Higgs, and the US is already heavily involved. Upgrades have been completed that will allow the LHC to reach its full design energies, and the US is committed to further upgrades that will increase its luminosity—the number of collisions per unit time—and upgrade the detectors to cope with the increased load.
The report calls for the US to contribute to the technology development for the International Linear Collider, which would further characterize the Higgs. But the call is a bit tepid, which suggests that, for now, it involves little money and only focuses on areas where there is strong expertise.
Pursue the physics associated with neutrino mass. Neutrinos could have a lot to tell us about physics beyond the Standard Model, and the report says that the US is poised to be a leader in their study thanks to the Large Baseline Neutrino Experiment. It also says that the project should be expanded to the LBNF, with the "F" standing for "facility." This move would open it up for international cooperation rather than making it a US-centric facility.
That cooperation may be essential given the scope of some of the detectors planned for a South Dakota mine shaft: 40 kilotons of liquid argon in one detector and the prospect of building a second, water-filled one. These enormous detectors are needed to get results up to a useful statistical significance. To feed them with enough neutrinos, the production facility at Fermilab will need to be upgraded with a high-energy, high-throughput linear proton accelerator.
Explore the unknown: New particles, interactions, and physical principles. That proton beam is meant to feed additional experiments housed at Fermi itself as part of an effort toward what's being called the "intensity frontier." By producing many events with a high-intensity proton beam, scientists can examine things that are otherwise rare events in machines like the LHC.
One of these events involves the prospect that other particles undergo the identity-changing oscillations we've seen in neutrinos; specifically, the Mu2e project will try to determine if, under the right conditions, muons can ever shift identities, converting to electrons. Separately, the Muon g-2 experiment will measure the magnetic properties of muons, which preliminary work suggests deviate from Standard Model predictions. Both of these projects are ready to build, which is why the report recommends shifting money toward construction over the next several years.
Identify the new physics of dark matter Dark matter hasn't made its presence known in the collisions of the LHC. But colliders aren't the only option for detecting it. Under many theoretical models, dark matter interacts with normal matter, albeit rarely and very weakly. We've built what the report considers the first generation of detectors designed to pick up these weak interactions, and it recommends a second generation of follow-up experiments, as well as preparing to build a third generation.
There's also the possibility that dark matter particles can collide with each other, resulting in high-energy photons. Currently, those photons have been studied with space-based observatories, but the report recommends following up on pioneering ground-based gamma-ray observatories, building ones tuned to pick up dark matter annihilations.
Understand cosmic acceleration: Dark energy and inflation. Astronomy is the new particle physics. That's part of the message of the dark matter search and pretty much the whole angle for dark energy, which is driving the accelerating expansion of the Universe. Right now, we don't know enough about dark energy to even know if it makes sense to lump it into particle physics, and the only way we can learn more is to better characterize how it's acting. And that means looking at the expansion of the Universe.
Unfortunately, one of the more promising approaches for doing so, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), is right on the edge of the funding lines considered in the report—accordingly, it's the first to be cut if the funds are tight. DESI would map the motion of all the galaxies within a 10 billion light year sphere centered on Earth. It's not the only instrument that's in the report that will look into dark energy, but it's the only project that will be funded in the high-budget scenario.
Dead on arrival
All of the budget scenarios were undoubtedly intended to seem reasonable, as they included several years of flat spending before a return to weak growth of two to three percent per year. But the present budget request for high energy physics would see spending cut by nearly seven percent. Unless Congress acts to restore the budget, some of the projects that were viewed as guaranteed of funding in this report would take a very heavy hit.
Perhaps that's why the report starts with the following: "Panel reports usually convey their results logically and dispassionately, with no mention of the emotional, soul-searching processes behind them. We would like to break with tradition."
The paragraphs that follow include a number of emotional calls to recognize the importance of high-energy physics:
Our society's capacity to grow is limited only by our collective imagination and resolve to make long-term investments that can lead to fundamental, game-changing discoveries, even in the context of constrained budgets.
Wondrous projects that address profound questions inspire and invigorate far beyond their specific fields, and they lay the foundations for next-century technologies we can only begin to imagine.
There's always the chance that these sorts of appeals will be enough to sway a budget-minded Congress.
The sentence describing DESI was changed to more accurately reflect the considerations of this report.


text:
Please feel free to contact us with any questions about NYCMA and the Crystal Meth Anonymous program.
If you would like to speak to a member of NYCMA, please call our HELPLINE at (212) 642-5029 and leave a message. A volunteer will return your call as soon as possible.
General Inquiries
Hospitals & Institutions
Members of the Media
Or Write To
New York Crystal Meth Anonymous Intergroup
P.O. Box 1517
Old Chelsea Station
New York, NY 10113
For Web-Related Questions
NYCMA Members
- Meeting Lists - Submit changes to the:
- Celebrate your anniversary at the next anniversary meeting.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
DOVER — Why wait until midnight to celebrate the New Year?
Bring the kids to the Children's Museum of New Hampshire and start the party at 10 a.m. on Dec. 31.
Families are invited to ring in 2013 at the museum's annual daytime celebration, sponsored by Federal Savings Bank, through 3 p.m. on Monday, complete with a glittering ball dropping 30 feet from the rafters at 11 a.m., 12:30 p.m. and 2 p.m.
Music, ginger ale toasts and noisemakers are provided, while visitors can also join in making sparkly party hats with wrapping paper and tinsel and write their resolutions on miniature flying blimps that can be launched at each countdown.
"We have been hosting this family event more than 20 years and it continues to draw hundreds of families to the museum," Heidi Duncanson, Director of Marketing for the museum said in a public statement. "Kids hear about all the excitement that happens at midnight on New Year's Eve and they naturally want to be part of it. We create that party atmosphere early in the day so kids can go to bed feeling like they've celebrated a 'real' New Year's Eve. It's a great way for different generations within a family to ring in the New Year together."
All New Year's Eve activities are included with regular admission to the museum: $9 for adults and children, $8 for seniors and no charge for museum members or children under one year old. For more information, call the museum at (603) 742-2002.


text:
(OLD) (ARCHIVED) Puppy Linux Discussion Forum
Puppy HOME page :
"THE" alternative forum :
This forum can also be accessed as
It is now read-only and serves only as archives.
Please register over the NEW forum
and continue your work there. Thank you.
Log in to check your private messages
Log in
The time now is Wed 23 Sep 2020, 13:29
All times are UTC - 4
Forum index
Advanced Topics
Puppy Projects
Phoenix CE Base Version for next Community Edition
View previous topic
View next topic
Page 2 of 4
[58 Posts]
Goto page:
Joined: 08 Jul 2006
Posts: 2291
Location: Winsted, CT - USA
Posted: Thu 24 Jan 2008, 11:03
Post subject:
Pizzasgood wrote:
Before I do anything 2.14 specific, I just want to check: Is it
that we're using 2.14R? If so, should we still be using 'TS3.03CE' as the tag?
I trust Dougal and Pakt have been approached and consulted with on this change of course for the CE, as it may have some affect on their current and future 2.14R work. Project managers from earlier CEs should be consulted, too, as they've been down this road before and could share their experience (and nightmares).
Have any specs been decided upon? IIRC, 2.15CE had a lofty original goal of being a sub-100M ISO, yet after a barrage of requests of favorite apps, features, et al, it ended up being 30% larger. Any thought to this?
Speaking of specs, how about a strict
minimum system requirements
statement? Does the CE need to be able to run on machines that still sport carburetors? It's a large beach, so where is the line to be drawn in the sand?
##b0rked on irc.freenode.net
- visit The Fringe
"The foundation of authority is based upon the consent of the people." - Thomas Hooker
Back to top
Joined: 29 Nov 2006
Posts: 145
Location: Greece
Posted: Thu 24 Jan 2008, 14:47
Post subject:
In a small, 8cm, multi-boot LiveDVD I always keep close there are:
> 2.17.1
Crossing out the obvious (2.03CE and 2.15CE), my best picks are 2.14R and 2.17.1. They both look solid candidates for a new CE...
An important issue is OpenOffice. I have successfully used the OpenOffice sfs file on a USB stick. Trying to remaster this to a LiveCD ISO though, did not work properly. In the LiveCD
OpenOffice made this way, Calc crashes (the rest of the OpenOffice apps work Ok...). Bottom line is, that it will be important to be able to properly integrate OpenOffice in the new CE (i.e. a LiveCD) if it is not included a priori like 2.03CE...
Help M$ become a Linux distro maintainer...
Force-feed them with Open-Source faster than they can produce patents
Back to top
Joined: 10 Jun 2005
Posts: 5472
Location: Australia
Posted: Tue 29 Jan 2008, 03:34
Post subject:
I discovered this thread late, but I just wanted to add my vote for the idea of basing the next CE version on 214R.
214R has had its foundations seriously tweaked and improved by Dougal and pakt. I believe that 214R is developmentally the successor to Puppy 2.16 (2.17 has a different kernel) and is an excellent basis for the next Community Edition.
Back to top
Joined: 11 Jul 2006
Posts: 4440
Location: Lake Macquarie NSW Australia
Posted: Tue 29 Jan 2008, 07:06
Post subject:
tempestuous wrote:
I believe that 214R is developmentally the successor to Puppy 2.16 (2.17 has a different kernel) and is an excellent basis for the next Community Edition.
Except there is already a 2.16CE in pre-release. That kind of leaves nowhere to go/grow in the 2.1x series. And then there's the 3.xx series with no Community Edition and heaps to recommend it as a base. Sure it's hard work, but the 3.xx series needs consolidation (usually a function of the CE version) and it sits apart from both the 2.1x series and 4.xx series (Dingo).
Actions speak louder than words ... and they usually work when words don't!
SIP:email@example.com; email@example.com
Back to top
Joined: 11 Nov 2006
Posts: 231
Location: sitn on an iceburg waiting for my next meal to swim by.
Posted: Tue 29 Jan 2008, 10:18
Post subject:
WhoDo I think sums it up quit eloquently. Personally, if we have 2.14 and 2.16 CE editions, I think thats great! I also hope that 3.xx won't be abandoned in favor of Dingo and hope that a CE will be offered later on. I think Barry said somewhere in a early post that it was not the purpose of Dingo to replace anything going on in the 3.xx series but to be a bold attempt to try something new.
New official releases have slowed in recent months. I can remember when it seemed like every other day there was a new 2.xx Puppy . It was amazing how fast they were pumped out and how much development occurred in a short period of time. Several members took it upon themselves to develop unique derivatives with specific functions and appearance. It's great to see the hard work of the 2.xx and 3.xx being implemented for specific uses.
Barry is working hard to build the foundation for Dingo and this gives the rest of us time to polish what he and the other developers have given us in the 2.xx. and 3.xx series. Since the official releases have slowed, it has given the members time to pick a favorite Puppy to polish. I know I got to the point that I quit trying to customize a release of Puppy for myself because half way through any attempt I was greeted with a new Puppy and I would try it and see what it had to offer for new features. Then the 3.xx series came out. More cool stuff..... maybe I should wait and see what comes out next... I was like a kid in a candy store.... decisions, decisions.......
Yesterday I was working on a friends computer. I needed Puppy for something and I popped in a customized version of Puppy I made for them. I was amazed how cool it was and what I had incorporated into it. I thought it was either 2.16 or 2.17. When I looked at the version I was surprised that it was 2.14. Next time I am at their house, I'm making a copy of it for myself since I didn't save one for myself when I whipped it out for them.
When 2.14r came out, it was a great reminder that there is a lot of potential in old Puppy's for development. I try to download any members release and save it for future use here at my place. A good example is Watchdog. It's one I want to use someday for security here at the compound. I appreciate the fact that someone took the time to build something that I want to use someday!
Right now, with all the hard work of the members to customize Puppies, it's like having your cake and eating it too... then, have someone offer you a slice of pie, and then ask what kind ice cream you want on top of it too boot. It's a win-win situation. And just like with pie and ice cream, if you don't have room for it now, you can always wait and have it later.
Penguin, the OTHER white meat.
Back to top
Joined: 01 Jan 2007
Posts: 406
Location: Hayslope, near Middlemarch, Midlands, England
Posted: Tue 29 Jan 2008, 14:31
Post subject:
It's true that Puppy 3 has stalled somewhat which is a shame. But there's going to be plenty of time to build a CE based on it. Right now the sap is rising for 2.14R so let's stick with it.
It seems to me that the thing we should be aiming for is stability and supportability as well as a wise selection of apps. Next; it MUST all work straight from the box and not be too scary for Windoze refugees/visitors. And lastly; it needs to look good too. Those first impressions are
important. The default theme etc needs to look like Vista in my opinion if we want to win over sceptical hearts and minds.
Where things get subjective is where we'll differ, but
will need the casting vote. It's a bit like informed consent in a medical context. The decision needs to take into account
the specialist's recommendation and the reason(s) for it,
the patient's preference and the reason(s) for it. Then the patient decides - and
is the patient in this analogy.
On the choice of apps: I have surprised myself to realize that I hardly use Open Office, but find Abiword or Gnumeric quick and easy. So my vote would be for the light-weight apps with clear and easy instructions for using the .sfs package. Office is typical bloatware with 80% of the features unused, so only include it as a user-requested option. I like the look of sylheed email, and the skipstone browser is also pretty impressive.
With judicious choices Puppy214R_CE (or whatever we need to rename it as) can still be suitable for old PCs rescued from skips AND look up-to-date.
Back to top
Joined: 24 Aug 2005
Posts: 13647
Location: Karlsruhe, Germany
Posted: Tue 29 Jan 2008, 18:08
Post subject:
When I presented Build-a-Muppy, it was my intention to offer a system, that allows to build customized versions of Puppy, including fixes and enhancements we achieved in the last months.
This includes patches for initrd.gz by Pizzasgood and lots more.
It also has some of Puppy scripts localized.
I'd be glad if people would use it as a base for a CE version, and contribute further updates.
For example since 4 days I fight with Cups - the version I added does not work.
I made some progress, but it will take until weekend, until I can upload a fixed version.
Such annoying stuff keeps me off from trying other things, like adding compbiz.
Barry pointed out clearly, that he will concentrate on a complete rewrite of Puppy (Dingo), so don't expect a 3.02.
The 3-series with best slackware compatibility certainly already is a comunity-project, and will be continued like this.
ttuuxx has created brilliant addons to his firehydrant, NOP has added compbiz, Muppy is focussing on localization, and WOW has compiled the Gnome-libs and Gdeskletts (just to mention some, but far not all working actively on 301).
So instead of waiting for a 3.02 we now should try to combine the efforts that already have been achieved by the 3.01 based puppletts.
Back to top
Official Crustacean
Joined: 04 May 2005
Posts: 15588
Location: Paradox Realm
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2008, 00:00
Post subject:
It makes sense to me to do as Mark (MU) and Warren (Whodo) have suggested.
The reason for the project leader is to make decisions and implement them. Talking Stick was conceived at a point when 3.02 was expected in a short time. It was conceved as a 3 based Puppy.
The bulk of the work of putting an Alpha of Talking Stick together will fall on Robert. So it his decision and he has to be happy with it..
If he has the capacity (this has been done previously) two experiments for comparison can be released.
One of the original ideas of Talking Stick was to base it on an existing Puplet.
Puppy Raspup 8.2
Puppy Links Page
Back to top
Joined: 11 Jul 2006
Posts: 4440
Location: Lake Macquarie NSW Australia
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2008, 03:30
Post subject:
Lobster wrote:
The bulk of the work of putting an Alpha of Talking Stick together will fall on Robert. So it his decision and he has to be happy with it
I understand perfectly well where Robert is coming from. I understand his focus. It is a laudible objective he is aiming for, but it is not what a CE edition is about IMHO.
The first half of my suggestion is that Robert does what he wants, and uses 2.14R as a base for a revised and updated
- that would meet
objectives while still keeping the CE lineage intact.
OTOH, the project Robert was originally asked, and agreed, to lead was a Series 3 Community Edition. By no stretch of anyone's imagination can that therefore be based on a Series 2 Puppy!
The second half of my suggestion is that those in the community who wish to do so, work on a bug fix consolidation of 3.01 that will become
when we are comfortable with that. It surely wouldn't take too big an effort to achieve that. It's happening already. Just ask MU, Pizzasgood, Tronkel, et al.
There is no reason why both projects cannot co-exist, or share technological advances and script changes/fixes for that matter. Develop it once and use it twice, if you like. There are already some great things that need to find their way into 3.02CE from 2.14R, and from the work of contributors like MU, Wow, Tronkel, Pizzasgood, etc.
I hope that will help put the "baby" to bed, instead of throwing it out with the bath water!
Actions speak louder than words ... and they usually work when words don't!
SIP:email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com
Back to top
Joined: 30 Sep 2005
Posts: 1123
Location: Vienna Austria
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2008, 05:18
Post subject:
WhoDo wrote:
I understand perfectly well where Robert is coming from. I understand his focus. It is a laudible objective he is aiming for, but it is not what a CE edition is about IMHO.
Is a version of Puppy that is customised for an internet cafe the same thing as a community edition? I'm not sure what the answer to that is. Maybe what Robert is doing ought to be called 2.14IC (IC= Internet Cafe , lol.....)
Seriously though, there could well be a serious demand for internet cafe customised Puppy versions.
Great idea about a 2.15CE using 2.14R as the base - that's a terrific idea.
Life is too short to spend it in front of a computer
Back to top
Official Crustacean
Joined: 04 May 2005
Posts: 15588
Location: Paradox Realm
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2008, 05:43
Post subject:
The first half of my suggestion is that Robert does what he wants, and uses 2.14R as a base for a revised and updated 2.15CE - that would meet his objectives while still keeping the CE lineage intact.
That seems about right and a good place to start . . . if Robert agrees?
If anyone wants to be project leader for a 3.01 based community edition, please step forward.
Two community editions would then be possible . . .
Puppy Raspup 8.2
Puppy Links Page
Back to top
Joined: 30 Sep 2005
Posts: 1123
Location: Vienna Austria
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2008, 10:38
Post subject:
Subject description: plan of action
How about this for a plan of action?
In the time interval between now and the appearance of Puppy 4 Final:
1) Complete 2.14R
2)Apply this as 2.15CE on steriods by WhoDo
3)ttuxxx plus others who are interested takes on a face-lifted 3 series similar to Fire Hydrant.
All of the above are very worthwhile.
This clears the decks for Ecomoney to project-lead a Dingo 4 CE with all the help he needs.
Life is too short to spend it in front of a computer
Back to top
Joined: 25 Nov 2005
Posts: 2183
Location: Lincolnshire, England
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2008, 11:02
Post subject: 2.14
First off, 2.14r is essentially all of the features of 3.xx with the older kernel, and therefore more hardware support. It has also been extensively bugfixed, and more useability features added. There nothing old about it apart from the number...2.14. It has more akin with 3.01 retro than 2.14, or 2.16 which has a different kernel. The only thing it lacks in terms of programs from 3.01 retro is the updated pdf reader which I have asked to be included, and the lite browser (Im in discussion with the developer of skipstone to see if he will make some useability changes).
Secondly, I work with puppy all day every day. I run a testbed cybercafe at a local cybercafe, which also takes in old computers, reconditions them and gives them out to the local community, and are used by AVERAGE USERS. We have nearly a hundred computers running puppy in our local community, including homes and businesses. The project is about far more than the cybercafe! I believe this, together with my formal university training and experience as a professional programmer in industry and local government, gives me a good insight into what most people require of their operating system.
Ive not been idle over xmas, I have been testing 3.01 (buggy and unstable), 3.01 retro (stable, but still buggy), and 2.14 ce (refined, tested, with plenty of support, will run on older computers). 2.14r is head and shoulders above the others in terms of what people want, based on my own experience. If people want to develop operating systems for themselves that is fine. My understanding of what a COMMUNITY is however, means users, as well as developers.
Lobster, I believe my background in the community is the reason why you asked me to head up the community edition in the first place. You obviously had faith that I would make the correct decisions at the time based on that experience, or you would have created the community edition yourself. Why are you now changing your mind about this just because you disagree with a decision you made me responsible for making?
Whodo you told me when I asked you for guidence that at the end of the day, I was the one making the final decisions (after consultation) because I am the one most qualified to do so. I was asked to create a community edition, which version upon which it was based was not stated, so I am deciding based not only on the opinion of many of the forum members, but also upon the opinion of the community of users around me IRL.
Its been my experience as a developer myself, that to create a good computer program, I must put aside my own personal wishes, and create something that fits the requirements of the people that will eventually use the program. The reason that most computer software projects fail is because this doesnt happen.
The best community edition possible, would be one based on 2.14r, with the features identified through user testing as part of the talking stick project. When I was asked to do this job, I took it as a serious responsibility, and I want to create the best possible result I can. As for the name or the number given to it, it really doesnt matter to me.
Puppy Linux's
Sorry, my server is down atm!
Back to top
Joined: 27 May 2007
Posts: 229
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2008, 11:37
Post subject:
I do
recommend any base edition here. I only want to line out the major difference (as to my knowledge) between Puppy 2.x and Puppy 3.x: glibc!
glibc is the most important library of an Unix system. Puppy 2.x contains a really old version of that library. So many old code is willing to run with Puppy 2.x, but lots of newer code rejects cooperation. On the other side nearly all new code should be able to link with Puppy 3.x' glibc but maybe not with the old one of Puppy 2.x.
I currently try to work around this problem. I use a Puppy 2.15CE based system and want to integrate new software that cannot be run with the old glibc. So I want to install two glibc-versions - one for old code, one for new code. Currently I try to figure out the necessary compilation options.
Back to top
Joined: 04 May 2005
Posts: 6266
Location: Knoxville, TN, USA
Posted: Wed 30 Jan 2008, 19:27
Post subject:
I don't really care what version gets used myself. Quite frankly, I won't be using it regardless of which is used. Not because of any important reason or anything. I just prefer Pizzapup. It's starting to get a little aged, but when I finally get caught up on all my commitments I'll be taking a break from using Puppy anyways, to try out some other distros (particularly Gentoo and Gobo). By the time I get done with that, 4.xx ought to be rolling along nicely, so I'll probably start fresh with that. Then when I get the time I'll start on the next Pizzapup.
won't happen until at least summer though, possibly later.
Between depriving a man of one hour from his life and depriving him of his life there exists only a difference of degree. --Muad'Dib
Back to top
Display posts from previous:
All Posts
1 Day
7 Days
2 Weeks
1 Month
3 Months
6 Months
1 Year
Sort by:
Post Time
Post Subject
Page 2 of 4
[58 Posts]
Goto page:
View previous topic
View next topic
Forum index
Advanced Topics
Puppy Projects
Jump to:
Select a forum
Forum index
|___ House Training
| |___ Beginners Help ( Start Here)
| |___ Users ( For the regulars )
| | |___ Usuarios de habla Hispana
| | |___ Für deutschsprachige Anhänger
| | |___ Pour les francophones
| |
| |___ HOWTO ( Solutions )
| |___ Bugs ( Submit bugs )
|___ Advanced Topics
| |___ Additional Software (PETs, n' stuff)
| | |___ Package Collections / Repositories
| | |___ Browsers and Internet
| | |___ Business
| | |___ Compiling
| | |___ Desktop
| | |___ Documents
| | |___ Drivers
| | |___ Educational
| | |___ Engineering/Science/Simulation
| | |___ Eye Candy
| | |___ Filesystem
| | |___ Games
| | |___ Graphics
| | |___ Multimedia
| | |___ Network
| | |___ Security/Privacy
| | |___ System
| | |___ Utilities
| | |___ Virtualization
| | |___ Unsorted
| |
| |___ Cutting edge
| | |___ Multi-session live-CD/DVD
| |
| |___ Hardware
| | |___ Audio
| | |___ Networking
| | | |___ Dialup
| | | |___ Ethernet
| | | |___ Wireless
| | |
| | |___ Printers
| | |___ Video
| |
| |___ Puppy Derivatives
| |___ Puppy Projects
| |___ Next Puppy Development
| | |___ 4.x
| | | |___ Bugs (4.x dev)
| | | |___ Usability Issues (4.x dev)
| | |
| | |___ 5.x
| | |___ Bugs (5.x dev)
| | |___ Usability Issues (5.x dev)
| |
| |___ Localization Project
| |___ Documentation Project
|___ Taking the Puppy out for a walk
| |___ Announcements
| |___ Puppy Power
| |___ Suggestions
| |___ Misc
|___ Off-Topic Area
|___ Programming
|___ Security
|___ Truly off-topic conversations
post new topics in this forum
reply to topics in this forum
edit your posts in this forum
delete your posts in this forum
vote in polls in this forum
attach files in this forum
download files in this forum
Powered by
© 2001, 2005 phpBB Group
[ Time: 0.1539s ][ Queries: 11 (0.0569s) ][ GZIP on ]


text:
Welcome to The Decal Store website,
Just click on the category to the left to look at the available decals
Questions on what type of decal to order click on Types of decals in the categories box. (This also has application instructions)
Our decals are sold in either sets or individual decals,
call us with any questions.
The Decal Store
P O Box 373
Ainsworth, NE 69210
Thank you


text:
Servicios Personalizados
- Citado por SciELO
- Accesos
Links relacionados
- Citado por Google
- Similares en SciELO
- Similares en Google
Latin american journal of aquatic research
versión On-line ISSN 0718-560X
Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res. vol.40 no.2 Valparaíso jun. 2012
Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 40(2): 345-357, 2012
DOI: 10.3856/vol40-issue2-fulltext-9
The effects of subsampling and between-haul variation on the size-selectivity estimation of Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi)
Los efectos de submuestreo y variación entre lances en la estimación de la selectividad a la talla de la merluza común (Merluccius gayi gayi)
Dante Queirolo1, Mauricio Ahumada1, Carlos F. Hurtado1, Milagrosa C. Soriguer2 & Karim Erzini3
1Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Facultad de Recursos Naturales Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, P.O. Box 1020, Valparaíso, Chile
2Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, España
3Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
ABSTRACT. Using the data collected in a size selectivity experiment on Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) carried out in 2000, the selectivity parameters for four codend mesh sizes (100, 110, 130, and 140 mm of mesh size opening) were estimated and modelled by the SELECT model. These analyses included considerations of the sampling proportions of the catch in the codend and cover. Furthermore, the analyses took into account between-haul variation. The l50 values were 30.8, 29.9, 30.0, and 41.2 cm of total length, respectively, values lower than the estimates obtained from previous studies. The contribution of explanatory variables to the selectivity model was also tested in order to determine the role of mesh size, catch size (in number), and towing speed. Increases in catch size and in towing speed were accompanied by decreases in the l50 estimates. These results demonstrate how incorporation of subsampling effect and explanatory variables to model between-haul variation can improve selectivity estimates and management of a valuable resource.
Keywords: size selectivity, mesh size, subsampling effect, between-haul variation, Merluccius gayi gayi, Chile.
RESUMEN. Usando los datos recolectados en un experimento de selectividad a la talla de merluza común (Merluccius gayi gayi) realizado en el año 2000, se estimaron y modelaron los parámetros de selectividad para copos de cuatro tamaños de malla (100, 110, 130 y 140 mm de tamaño de malla interno) mediante el modelo SELECT. Los análisis incluyeron consideraciones de las proporciones de muestreo de la captura en el copo y en el cubrecopo. Además, los análisis tuvieron en cuenta la variación entre lances. Los valores de l50 fueron 30,8; 29,9; 30,0 y 41,2 cm longitud total respectivamente, valores menores que los obtenidos en estudios previos. Se probó también la contribución de variables explicatorias al modelo de selectividad, para determinar el aporte del tamaño de malla, el volumen de captura (en número) y la velocidad de arrastre. Los incrementos en el volumen de captura y en la velocidad de arrastre produjeron una disminución en los estimados de l50. Estos resultados demuestran cómo, a partir de la incorporación del efecto de submuestreo y de variables explicatorias al modelo con variación entre lances, es posible mejorar los estimados de selectividad y manejar un valioso recurso.
Palabras clave: selectividad a la talla, tamaño de malla, efecto de submuestreo, variación entre lances, Merluccius gayi gayi, Chile.
Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) occurs along the coast of Chile between 23° and 47°S at depths from 50 to 500 m. It is the main demersal species caught along the central coast. The biomass of this resource decreased dramatically as a consequence of natural (cannibalism and predation) and fishing mortality from 2002 to 2005 and the current stock assessment indicates that it is overexploited (SUBPESCA, 2010). The proportion of fish below the size-at-maturity has increased since 2004 (more than 70% of the catches) and the present spawning biomass is below the limit reference level of 20% established for the fishery (SUBPESCA, 2010).
Regulation of mesh size is one of the most common management measures in fisheries. Specification and use of an appropriate mesh size can contribute to increases in the size of first capture and can reduce the mortality of smaller fish. Only one experiment on size selectivity has been performed for the Chilean hake trawling fishery over the last decade. Gálvez et al. (2000) analysed the selectivity of four mesh sizes (100, 110, 130 and 140 mm) using the covered codend method and the results were later published by Gálvez & Rebolledo (2005). These authors estimated similar l50 values among the different mesh sizes used, although the escape proportions increased with increasing mesh size. These results were compared with different selectivity studies carried out in Gadiformes (Fig. 1). A linear relation was found for this group of fishes between the mesh size and the 50% retention length, with a slope of ~0.4. Because Gálvez & Rebolledo (2005) found a lower value of the slope for this relationship (~0.1), the procedures were reviewed. In fact, the sampling proportions of the codend and cover were not considered in their analysis. Subsampling is necessary when the catch is so large that it is not possible to measure every single individual (Wileman et al., 1996). The effect of subsampling can be incorporated in two ways: (i) expanding the sample to the total catch or (ii) correcting the estimated parameters by a subsampling factor. Millar (1994) points out that the second case is preferable because it uses raw (unscaled) data and thereby ensures statistical rigour.
Replicate hauls using the same trawl and configuration indicate that codend
Figure 1. Estimates of l50 for some species of the Merlucciidae and Gadidae families as a function of mesh size. Chilean hake: Saetersdal & Villegas (1968); Arana (1970); Gálvez & Rebolledo (2005). European hake: Campos & Fonseca (2003) ; Campos et al. (2003a, 2003b); Deval et al. (2007); Lucchetti (2008); Sala & Lucchetti (2010); Tokaç et al. (2010). Argentine hake: Rojo & Silvosa (1970); Verazay et al. (1992). Peruvian hake: Salazar et al. (1996). Atlantic cod: Sakhno & Sadokhin (1982); Netzel & Zaucha (1989); Isaksen & Valdemarsen (1990); Isaksen et al. (1990); Hickey et al. (1993); Lowry et al. (1995); Huse et al. (1996); Tschernij et al. (1996); Halliday et al. (1999); Tschernij & Holst (1999); Blady & Zaucha (2000); Wienbeck & Dahm (2000); Halliday (2002); Madsen et al. (2002); Graham et al. (2004); He (2007); Grimaldo et al. (2008). Haddock: Sakhno & Sadokhin (1982); Robertson & Stewart (1988); Isaksen et al. (1990); Reeves et al. (1992); Sangster & Lehmann (1994); Halliday et al. (1999); Halliday (2002); Graham et al. (2004); He (2007); Grimaldo et al. (2008). Blue whiting: Campos et al. (2003a); Campos et al. (2003b); Sala & Lucchetti (2010); Tokaç et al. (2010). Pollock (saithe): Smolowitz (1983); Dahm (1998) and Graham et al. (2004).
Figura 1. Estimados de l50 para algunas especies de las familias Merlucciidae y Gadidae como función del tamaño de malla. Chilean hake: Saetersdal & Villegas (1968); Arana (1970); Gálvez & Rebolledo (2005). European hake: Campos & Fonseca (2003); Campos et al. (2003a, 2003b); Deval et al. (2007); Lucchetti (2008); Sala & Lucchetti (2010); Tokaç et al. (2010). Argentine hake: Rojo & Silvosa (1970); Verazay et al. (1992). Peruvian hake: Salazar et al. (1996). Atlantic cod: Sakhno & Sadokhin (1982); Netzel & Zaucha (1989); Isaksen & Valdemarsen (1990); Isaksen et al. (1990); Hickey et al. (1993); Lowry et al. (1995); Huse et al. (1996); Tschernij et al. (1996); Halliday et al. (1999); Tschernij & Holst (1999); Blady & Zaucha (2000); Wienbeck & Dahm (2000); Halliday (2002); Madsen et al. (2002); Graham et al. (2004) ; He (2007); Grimaldo et al. (2008). Haddock: Sakhno & Sadokhin (1982); Robertson & Stewart (1988); Isaksen et al. (1990); Reeves et al. (1992); Sangster & Lehmann (1994); Halliday et al. (1999); Halliday (2002); Graham et al. (2004); He (2007); Grimaldo et al. (2008). Blue whiting: Campos et al. (2003a); Campos et al. (2003b); Sala & Lucchetti (2010); Tokaç et al. (2010). Pollock (saithe): Smolowitz (1983); Dahm (1998) y Graham et al. (2004).
selectivity changes from one haul to another. Fryer (1991) indicated that the between-haul variation could be due to a number of "uncontrolled" factors. Examples of such factors include the haul duration, catch size, fishing season and depth among others (O'Neill & Kynoch, 1996; Millar & Fryer, 1999; Fonseca et al., 2007; Grimaldo et al., 2008; Sala & Lucchetti, 2010).
The objective of this study was to estimate the selectivity parameters so as to account for subsampling proportions. Moreover, explanatory variables were added in order to incorporate the effects of between-haul variation. The resulting parameter values were compared with previous estimates.
Selectivity experiments were conducted during March-April 2000 on board a stern trawler (41.7 m overall length; 1900 HP) in the central-southern area of Chile (between 34°50'-35°40'S). Hauls were made during daylight hours at depths from 90 to 260 m. The duration of each haul varied between 14 and 135 min. Towing speed fluctuated between 3.0 and 4.0 knots (3.4 knots average speed) (Table 1). The hauls were carried out using a 53-m headline and 37-m footrope Engel Balloon Trawl, with four experimental codends of 100, 110, 130 and 140 mm mesh size opening. The covered codend method was used to retain the fish that escaped through the meshes (Galvez & Rebolledo, 2005). A length-frequency dataset was obtained from 32 covered codend experimental hauls (Table 1).
The data from each of the two compartments (codend and cover) were analysed separately. The catch weight for each compartment j was estimated for each haul. In order to estimate the catch in numbers of Chilean hake, a length-weight function was applied based on data recorded by Lillo et al. (2001). The average specimen weight was then determined (). The number of retained specimens by haul and compartment was obtained according to where Wj is the catch weight in each compartment.
For each haul, the retention probability r(l) of the codend was modelled using a logistic curve: , where r(l) is the (conditional) retention probability of a fish of length l given that it entered the codend (Wileman et al., 1996), and v = (ν1 + ν2)T is the vector of the selectivity parameters. The correction for the effects of subsampling was performed according to Millar (1994) who showed that for subsampled hauls , where ν1* = ν1 + ln(q) and is the rate of sampling proportions in the codend and cover, respectively. The selectivity parameters ν* and ν2 of the logistic curve were estimated by means of haul-by-haul maximum likelihood using the CC2000 software (ConStat).
The 50% retention length (l50) and the selection range (SR) were estimated as and , respectively. The model proposed by Fryer (1991) was then used to investigate the between-haul variation of the selectivity parameters ν1* and ν2 for each configuration, thereby allowing an average curve to be estimated for the codends. Analysis was done using the ECModel software (ConStat) based on the residual maximum likelihood (REML) method proposed by Fryer (1991). The individual contributions of various explanatory variables to the selectivity parameters were tested using the ECModel according to the REML method (Fryer, 1991). The variables considered were mesh size, catch (in number and weight), tow duration, depth and towing speed. The choice of the best fit model was based on the lowest value for Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) (Fryer & Shepherd, 1996).
To calculate the sample weight in each compartment (codend and cover), the length-weight relationship wi = 7.76e -6 li2.979 (R2=0.97) was used for both sexes. The catch in numbers for each haul was calculated using this relationship and the catch weight. The resulting values ranged between 437 and 37,345 specimens in the codend and between 83 and 10,507 in the cover (Table 1). The corresponding sample proportions (p1 and p2) varied between 0.005 and 0.185 in the codend and between 0.028 and 0.724 in the cover. Accordingly, the relationship between the sample proportions (q) ranged between 0.01 and 1.68 (=0.26). The q values for all hauls were taken into account in order to fit the selectivity models.
Fig. 2 shows the fitted curves for each haul. For all hauls, the estimated model resulted in good fits (P > 0.05) (Table 2). With the selection parameters ν1* and ν2 taken into consideration in the haul-by-haul analysis, the resulting estimates of l50 ranged between 26.4 and 35.6 cm for the 100 mm mesh; between 22.9 and 35.4 cm for the 110 mm mesh; between 23.7 and 34.0 cm for the 130 mm mesh and between 35.3 and 45.6 cm for the 140 mm mesh. Using the fit of the average curve based on between-haul variation, values of l50 were estimated as 30.8, 29.9, 30.0 and 41.2 cm for each mesh size, respectively (Table 2). Selection range (SR) tended to increase with increasing mesh size. However, the 130 mm mesh exhibited a value higher than expected from the general tendency observed. The average values of SR were 6.9, 7.2, 11.9 and 8.3 cm for the 100, 110, 130 and 140 mm meshes, respectively (Table 2).
Figure 2. Chilean hake individual-haul selection curves (dotted lines) for each mesh size. a) 100 mm, b) 110 mm, c) 130 mm, d) 140 mm. Each set of selection curves have been summarized by a mean selection curve (thick line) fitted using between-haul variation model of Fryer (1991).
Figura 2. Curvas de selección de la merluza chilena a cada lance (líneas segmentadas) para cada tamaño de malla. a) 100 mm, b) 110 mm, c) 130 mm, d) 140 mm. Cada grupo de curvas de selección fue resumida mediante una curva de selección (línea gruesa) ajustada usando el modelo de variación entre lances de Fryer (1991).
Addition of the explanatory variables to account for between-haul variation indicated that the parameter ν1* depends significantly on the catch in numbers (P = 0.01) and the towing speed (P = 0.023), whereas ν2 depends on the mesh size (P < 0.001) (Table 3). This analysis yields a direct relation between l50 and the mesh size. On the other hand, the l50 value decreases as catch and towing speed increase. The model that best described selectivity was:
where ci is the catch (in numbers), si is the towing speed (knots) and mi is the mesh size (mm). The depth and duration variables did not contribute significantly to the model.
The effect of the catch for each mesh size used in the model was analysed for a range of 1,000 to 35,000 specimens caught and for a fixed towing speed corresponding to the average value of 3.4 knots. A significant decrease of at least 6 cm TL in the l50 value for extreme catches was observed for all mesh sizes (Fig. 3). For example, the l50 of the 100 mm mesh was 29.9 cm for a small catch (1,000 specimens), while this value decreases to 23.1 cm for a large catch (35,000 specimens).
Figure 3. Analysis of the Chilean hake selectivity by bottom trawls. Regression lines with 95% confidence bands for the 50% retention length (l50) depending on the catch size in the codend (in numbers) for each mesh size. a) 100 mm, b) 110 mm, c) 130 mm, d) 140 mm.
Figura 3. Líneas de regresión con bandas de confianza al 95% para la longitud de retención al 50% (l50) según el volumen de captura en el copo (en número) para cada tamaño de malla. a) 100 mm, b) 110 mm, c) 130 mm, d) 140 mm.
Likewise, the model with towing speeds between 3 and 4 knots was evaluated assuming a constant catch of 10,000 individuals. A decrease of at least 4.5 cm TL in the l50 value for extreme speeds was observed (Fig. 4). For the 140 mm mesh at a towing speed of 3 knots, the l50 was 39.0 cm. This value decreased to 33.1 cm for a towing speed of 4 knots.
Figure 4. Analysis of the Chilean hake selectivity by bottom trawls. Regression lines with 95% confidence bands for the 50% retention length (l50) depending on the towing speed (knots) for each mesh size. a) 100 mm, b) 110 mm, c) 130 mm, d) 140 mm.
Figura 4. Líneas de regresión con bandas de confianza al 95% para la longitud de retención al 50% (l50) según la velocidad de arrastre (nudos) para cada tamaño de malla. a) 100 mm, b) 110 mm, c) 130 mm, d) 140 mm.
Note that ν2 depends only on the mesh size. Accordingly, the SR values estimated using the model were 7.2, 7.7, 8.9 and 9.6 cm for the meshes of 100, 110, 130 and 140 mm, respectively.
This study was based on the same data used by Gálvez & Rebolledo (2005). However, the results of the two studies differ (Fig. 5). The main analytic difference is that these authors assume that the sampling proportions in the codend and in the cover are equal. This assumption leads to a significant overestimation of the selectivity parameters. When this effect and the between-haul variation are both taken into account, the l50 estimate decreased by 9 cm for the 100, 110 and 130 mm mesh. The difference is lower (~4 cm) in the 140 mm mesh (Fig. 5).
Figure 5. Analysis of the Chilean hake selectivity by bottom trawls. Comparison of the 50% retention length (l50 in cm) estimates (and their confidence intervals) obtained by three different approaches: i) Haul-by-haul estimation without no considering the sampling proportions (Gálvez & Rebolledo, 2005), ii) haul-by-haul considering sampling proportions (present work), iii) between-haul variation considering the sampling proportions and the effect of the explanatory variables (present work).
Figura 5. Análisis de la selectividad de la merluza chilena por redes de arrastre de fondo. Comparación de los estimados de retención al 50% (l50 in cm) (y sus intervalos de confianza) obtenidos mediante tres diferentes aproximaciones: i) estimación lance a lance sin considerar las proporciones de muestreo (Gálvez & Rebolledo, 2005), ii) lance a lance considerando las proporciones de muestreo (presente trabajo), iii) variación entre lances considerando proporciones de muestreo y el efecto de variables explicatorias (presente trabajo).
Incorporation of subsampling effects produced a high dispersion of the l50 values. This effect is the result of other variables included in the selection process. This consideration led us to introduce explanatory variables to the model and by including the mesh size, the catch (in numbers) and the towing speed, it was possible to achieve significant reductions in the dispersion of the estimates (Fig. 5). The effect of catch size on codend selectivity has been discussed in numerous studies. Some authors find that increasing catch size reduces l50 (Ehrhardt et al., 1996; Erickson et al., 1996; Tschernij & Holst, 1999; Madsen et al., 2002; Grimaldo et al., 2007). However, others have obtained the opposite result (O'Neill & Kynoch, 1996; Dahm et al., 2002), while emphasising that selectivity tends to decrease when the catch size is very high. On the other hand, the studies of Madsen et al. (1998), O'Neill et al. (2006) and Grimaldo et al. (2008) yielded inconclusive results or found only a weak effect of the catch variable.
Many different factors are involved in gear selectivity. For example, alterations in and obstruct-tions of the escape channels can be produced, and changes can also occur in the tension-deformation relation of the meshes. Indeed, Erickson et al. (1996) point out that large catch sizes can obstruct the codend meshes and thereby reduce the potential escape channels for fish. Additionally, in some Gadidae, haddock and whiting for example, "opportunistic escape" is more common than "active escape" (Jones et al., 2008). This difference results in a reduced probability of escape as the catch size increases. Tension-deformation is also an important factor. The increased size of the mesh opening and the change in the shape of the codend would both favour increased selectivity (O'Neill & Kynoch, 1996; Herrmann, 2005; Madsen, 2007). Nevertheless, the increased drag produced by the operation of the trawl can increase the tension on the mesh bars. This increased tension can make escape more difficult (O'Neill et al., 2005) or can injure fish, thereby conditioning their post-escape survival (Suuronen, 2005).
Increased trawl speed thus affects selectivity adversely for two different reasons. Increased speed increases the resistance encountered by the gear, raises the tension on the codend meshes, and consequently reduces the mesh opening (Dahm et al., 2002; O'Neill et al., 2005). On the other hand, an increase in trawl speed also reduces the swimming performance of fish (Dahm et al., 2002; Breen et al., 2004). In this study, we did not have enough information to identify a particular mechanism responsible for the l50 decrease. However, Queirolo et al. (2010) noted in hake that when fish are close to the codend at a towing speed of 4 knots, most fish exhibit no movement, appear exhausted and drop back into the codend.
The model obtained in this study indicates that the selectivity decreases as the catch size increases. This effect could be explained by the obstruction of the escape channels and by the closure of the meshes due to the increase of the tension. In the model, selectivity also decreased with increased towing speed. This effect can be attributed to the lower swimming performance of the fish. The significance found for the explanatory variables in the selectivity model indicates that these variables could be included in management "good practices" recommendations for users. Although the tow duration was not significant in our results, we recognize that this variable plays an important role both during the escape phase and postescape survival (Suuronen, 2005), so it should be consider in subsequent studies.
In order to reduce the juvenile catch and avoid growth overfishing, the recommended value of l50 should be greater than or equal to the size at sexual maturity estimated as 34 cm TL by Lillo et al. (2009). Likewise, assuming an average catch of 10,000 fish and an average towing speed of 3.4 knots, an estimate of the minimum mesh size recommended for the fishery is 125 mm. However, at present, the use of 100 mm mesh and a 90-mm square mesh panel are mandatory (see Queirolo et al., 2008). For this reason, it is fundamental to evaluate and compare the whole selectivity of these codends for the fishery. These recommendations demonstrate ways in which the addition of the subsampling effect and the use of explanatory variables to model between-haul variation can allow fisheries scientists to improve selectivity estimates for Chilean hake.
We thank the Fondo de Investigación Pesquera (FIP) for authorising this reanalysis of the data and for facilitating access to the databases of the FIP 96-25 project. Special thanks to the Centro Andaluz de Ciencia y Tecnología Marinas (CACYTMAR) for logistical support and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. Dante Queirolo also thanks the Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT, Programa Becas Chile) for the fellowship awarded.
Arana, P. 1970. Estudio sobre la selectividad de la merluza (Merluccius gayi gayi, G.) por las mallas de los artes de arrastre, en la zona de Valparaíso. Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 1(1): 1-39. [ Links ]
Blady, W. & J. Zaucha. 2000. The selectivity of polyethylene codends with diamond meshes and selective windows in cod trawls. Medd. Havsfiskelab. Lysekil, 329: 66-73. [ Links ]
Breen, M., J. Dyson, F.G. O'Neill, E. Jones & M. Haigh. 2004. Swimming endurance of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.) at prolonged and sustained swimming speeds, and its role in their capture by towed fishing gears. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 61: 1071-1079. [ Links ]
Campos, A. & P. Fonseca. 2003. Selectivity of diamond and square mesh codends for horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), European hake (Merluccius merluccius) and axillary sea bream (Pagellus acarne) in the shallow groundfish assemblage off the southwest coast of Portugal. Sci. Mar., 67: 249-260. [ Links ]
Campos, A., P. Fonseca & V. Henriques. 2003a. Size selectivity for four fish species of the deep groundfish assemblage off the Portuguese southwest coast: evidence of mesh size, mesh configuration and cod end catch effects. Fish. Res., 63: 213-233. [ Links ]
Campos, A., P. Fonseca & K. Erzini. 2003b. Size selectivity of diamond and square mesh cod ends for four by-catch species in the crustacean fishery off the Portuguese south coast. Fish. Res., 60: 79-97. [ Links ]
Dahm, E. 1998. Measurements of codend selectivity for North Sea saithe by the covered codend and divided trawl methods. Arch. Fish. Mar. Res., 46: 43-59. [ Links ]
Dahm, E., H. Wienbeck, C.W. West, J.W. Valdemarsen & F.G. O'Neill. 2002. On the influence of towing speed and gear size on the selective properties of bottom trawls. Fish. Res., 55: 103-119. [ Links ]
Deval, M.C., T. Bok, C. Ateç & H. Özbilgin. 2007. Size selectivity of three diamond mesh codends for the European hake (Merluccius merluccius) and the tub gurnard (Trigla lucerna) in the sea of Marmara, Turkey. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 23: 167-172. [ Links ]
Ehrhardt, N., R. Ercoli, J. García, J. Bartozzetti & A. Izzo. 1996. Influencia de la cantidad de captura en la selectividad de mallas diamante y cuadrada en redes de arrastre para la merluza común (Merluccius hubbsi) e implicancias sobre el potencial de descarte. Rev. Invest. Des. Pesq., 10: 31-43. [ Links ]
Erickson, D.L., J.A. Perez-Comas, E.K. Pikitch & J.R. Wallace. 1996. Effects of catch size and codend type on the escapement of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from pelagic trawls. Fish. Res., 28: 179-196. [ Links ]
Fonseca, P., A. Campos & R.B. Millar. 2007. Codend selection in the deep-water crustacean trawl fishery in Portuguese southern waters. Fish. Res., 85: 49-60. [ Links ]
Fryer, R.J. 1991. A model of the between-haul variation in selectivity. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 48: 281-290. [ Links ]
Fryer, R.J. & J.G. Shepherd. 1996. Models of codend size selection. J. Northwest Atlantic Fish. Sci., 19: 91-102. [ Links ]
Gálvez, M., H. Rebolledo & S. Lillo. 2000. Análisis de selectividad en la pesquería de merluza común en la zona centro sur. Informe Final, Proyecto FIP-IT/96-25: 100 pp. [ Links ]
Gálvez, M. & H. Rebolledo. 2005. Estimating codend size selectivity of bottom trawlnet in Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) fish. Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 33(2): 151-165. [ Links ]
Graham, N., F.G. O'Neill, R.J. Fryer, R.D. Galbraith & A. Myklebust. 2004. Selectivity of a 120 mm diamond cod-end and the effect of inserting a rigid grid or a square mesh panel. Fish. Res., 67: 151-161. [ Links ]
Grimaldo, E., R.B. Larsen & R. Holst. 2007. Exit windows as an alternative selective system for the barents sea demersal fishery for cod and haddock. Fish. Res., 85: 295-305. [ Links ]
Grimaldo, E., M. Sistiaga & R.B. Larsen. 2008. Evaluation of codends with sorting grids, exit windows, and diamond meshes: size selection and fish behavior. Fish. Res., 91: 271-280. [ Links ]
Halliday, R.G. 2002. A comparison of size of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) by bottom longlines and otter trawls. Fish. Res., 57: 63-73. [ Links ]
Halliday, R.G., C.G. Cooper, P. Fanning, W.M. Hickey & P. Gagnan. 1999. Size selection of Atlantic cod, haddock and pollock (saithe) by otter trawls with square and diamond mesh codends of 130-155 mm mesh size. Fish. Res., 41: 255-271. [ Links ]
He, P. 2007. Selectivity of large mesh trawl codends in the Gulf of Maine I. Comparison of square and diamond mesh. Fish. Res., 83: 44-59. [ Links ]
Herrmann, B. 2005. Effect of catch size and shape on the selectivity of diamond mesh cod-ends II. Theoretical study of haddock selection. Fish. Res., 71: 15-26. [ Links ]
Hickey, W.M., G. Brothers & D.L. Boulos. 1993. A study of selective fishing methods for the northern cod otter trawl fishery. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1934: 37 pp. [ Links ]
Huse, I., S. Løkkeborg & A.V. Soldal. 1996. Effects of fishing strategy on relative selectivity in trawls, longline and gillnets. ICES CM 1996/B23: 21 pp. [ Links ]
Isaksen, B. & J.W. Valdemarsen. 1990. Codend with short lastridge ropes to improve size selectivity in fish trawls. ICES CM 1990/B46: 8 pp. [ Links ]
Isaksen, B., S. Lisovsky & V.A. Sakhno. 1990. A comparison of the selectivity in codends used by the Soviet and Norwegian trawler fleet in the Barents Sea. ICES CM 1990/B51: 23 pp. [ Links ]
Jones, E.G., K. Summerbell & F.G. O'Neill. 2008. The influence of towing speed and fish density on the behaviour of haddock in a trawl cod-end. Fish. Res., 94: 166-174. [ Links ]
Lillo, S., V. Ojeda, J. Olivares, R. Tascheri, M. Braun, S. Núñez, J. Ortiz & P. Torres. 2001. Evaluación acústica de merluza común en la zona centro-sur, año 2000. Informe Final FIP-IT/2000-04: 126 pp. [ Links ]
Lillo, S., E. Molina, J. Saavedra, J. Olivares, E. Díaz, S. Núñez, E. Navarro, S. Vásquez, R. Alarcón, A. Sepúlveda, M. Braun & A. Saavedra. 2009. Evaluación hidroacústica de merluza común, año 2008. Informe Final FIP-IT/2008-14: 209 pp. [ Links ]
Lowry, N., L.H. Knudsen & D.A. Wileman. 1995. Selectivity in Baltic cod trawls with square mesh cod-end windows. ICES CM 1995/B5: 17 pp. [ Links ]
Lucchetti, A. 2008. Comparison of diamond- and square-mesh codends in the hake (Merluccius merluccius L. 1758) trawl fishery of the Adriatic Sea (central Mediterranean). Sci. Mar., 72: 451-460. [ Links ]
Madsen, N. 2007. Selectivity of fishing gears used in the Baltic Sea cod fishery. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 17: 517-544. [ Links ]
Madsen, N., T. Moth-Poulsen & N. Lowry. 1998. Selectivity experiments with codends fished in the Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua) fishery. Fish. Res., 36: 1-14. [ Links ]
Madsen, N., R. Holst & L. Foldager. 2002. Escape windows to improve the size selectivity in the Baltic cod trawl fishery. Fish. Res., 57: 223-235. [ Links ]
Millar, R.B. 1994. Sampling from trawl gears used in size selectivity experiments. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 51: 293-298. [ Links ]
Millar, R.B. & R.J. Fryer. 1999. Estimating the size-selection curves of towed gears, traps, nets and hooks. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 9: 1-28. [ Links ]
Netzel, J. & J. Zaucha. 1989. Investigation results of cod trawls codend selectivity. ICES CM 1989/B54: 9 pp. [ Links ]
O'Neill, F.G. & R.J. Kynoch. 1996. The effect of cover mesh size and codend catch size on codend selectivity. Fish. Res., 28: 291-303. [ Links ]
O'Neill, F.G., R.J. Kynoch & R.J. Fryer. 2006. Square mesh panels in North Sea demersal trawls: separate estimates of panel and cod-end selectivity. Fish. Res., 78: 333-341. [ Links ]
O'Neill, F.G., L.H. Knudsen, D.A. Wileman & S.J. McKay. 2005. Cod-end drag as a function of catch size and towing speed. Fish. Res., 72: 163-171. [ Links ]
Queirolo, D., I. Montenegro, E. Gaete & G. Plaza. 2010. Direct observation of Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) behaviour in response to trawling in a south central Chilean fishery. Fish. Res., 102: 327-329. [ Links ]
Queirolo, D., T. Melo, C. Hurtado, I. Montenegro, E. Gaete, J. Merino, V. Zamora & R. Escobar. 2008. Efecto del uso de paneles de escape de malla cuadrada sobre la reducción de peces juveniles en la pesquería de arrastre de merluza común (Merluccius gayi gayi). Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 36(1): 25-35. [ Links ]
Reeves, S.A., D.W. Armstrong, R.J. Fryer & K.A. Coull. 1992. The effects of mesh size, cod-end extension length and cod-end diameter on the selectivity of Scottish trawls and seines. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 49: 279-288. [ Links ]
Robertson, J.H.B. & P.A.M. Stewart. 1988. A comparison of size selection of haddock and whiting by square and diamond mesh codends. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 44: 148-161. [ Links ]
Rojo, A. & M. Silvosa. 1970. Selectividad de la red comercial de arrastre en la pesquería de la merluza argentina. Proy. Des. Pesq., Ser. Inf. Téc., 24: 37-48. [ Links ]
Saetersdal, G. & L. Villegas. 1968. Informe sobre experimentos de selectividad de merluza con redes de arrastre. Bol. Inst. Fom. Pesq., 9: 1-16. [ Links ]
Sakhno, V.A. & M.K. Sadokhin. 1982. On experimental studies of trawl codend selectivity. ICES CM 1982/B6: 21 pp. [ Links ]
Sala, A. & A. Lucchetti. 2010. The effect of mesh configuration and codend circumference on selectivity in the Mediterranean trawl Nephrops fishery. Fish. Res., 103: 63-72. [ Links ]
Salazar, C., R. Guevara-Carrasco, A. Gonzales & J. Calderón. 1996. Selectividad de las artes de pesca de la flota arrastre comercial 1996. Inf. Inst. Mar del Perú, 120: 7-11. [ Links ]
Sangster, G.I. & K.M. Lehmann. 1994. Commercial fishing experiments to assess the scale damage and survival of haddock and whiting after escape from four sizes of diamond mesh codends. ICES CM 1994/B38: 26 pp. [ Links ]
Smolowitz, R.J. 1983. Mesh size and the New England groundfishery-applications and implications. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-771: 22 pp. [ Links ]
Subsecretaría de Pesca (SUBPESCA). 2010. Cuota global anual de captura de merluza común (Merluccius gayi gayi), año 2011. Inf. Téc. (R. Pesq.), 124/2010: 56 pp. [ Links ]
Suuronen, P. 2005. Mortality of fish escaping trawl gears. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap., 478: 72 pp. [ Links ]
Tschernij, V. & R. Holst. 1999. Evidence of factors at vessel-level affecting codend selectivity in Baltic cod demersal fishery. ICES CM 1999/R02: 12 pp. [ Links ]
Tschernij, V., P.O. Larsson, P. Suuronen & R. Holst. 1996. Swedish trials in the baltic Sea to improve selectivity in demersal trawls. ICES CM 1996/B25: 16pp. [ Links ]
Tokaç, A., H. Özbilgin & H. Kaykaç. 2010. Selectivity of conventional and alternative codend design for five fish species in the Aegean Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 26: 403-409. [ Links ]
Verazay, G., G. Arena, M. Simonazzi, W. Ubal, H. Cordo, H. Nion, D. Hernández & M. Rey. 1992. Selectividad en la merluza (Merluccius hubbsi) en la zona común de pesca. CTMFM-Series Circulares, 3: 14-25. [ Links ]
Wienbeck, H. & E. Dahm. 2000. New ways for an improvement of the selectivity of trawl codends in the Baltic cod fishery. Medd. Havsfiskelab. Lysekil, 329: 80-93. [ Links ]
Wileman, D.A., R.S.T. Ferro, R. Fonteyne & R.B. Millar. 1996. Manual of methods of measuring the selectivity of towed fishing gears. ICES Coop. Res., 215: 126 pp. [ Links ]
Received: 17 May 2011; Accepted: 23 May 2012
Corresponding author: Dante Queirolo (email@example.com)


text:
From Pat Borzi at MinnPost:
Manager Ron Gardenhire, faced with a barrage of questions about Nathan's sudden struggles, said Nathan "dropped his arm" throwing a nothing slider to Konerko for the tying homer. That means Nathan released the pitch lower than the normal apex of his delivery, a common mistake that reduces the sharpness of the break. A slider with little break, thrown to a power hitter like Konerko, often ends up in the seats. Gardenhire said when he removed Nathan, catcher Mike Redmond told him Nathan was dropping his arm.
Nathan vehemently denied that he was dropping his arm for any sliders to the media following the outing. As Borzi reported, Nathan told the media members that he had noticed himself doing that several appearances ago but had made the adjustments to correct that. A quick review of Wednesday's release points at Brooksbaseball.net shows that Nathan was indeed lowering his release point for several of his sliders:
This decrease has led to more horizontally breaking sliders with less vertical break. Not only was this flatter slider was proven to be more hittable -- thanks Mr. Konerko -- but it became increasingly more difficult to locate for a strike.
As you can see in the graph below extracted from his July 18th appearance against the Texas Rangers, Nathan's slider release was much closer to that of his fastball (small sample size notwithstanding).
The difference between the two release points is evident in the direction the pitch is moving. The slider from September 2nd has a more pronounced horizontal break while the July 18th version enjoys a sizable vertical break advantage:
|Nathan's Slider Movement
Number of pitches
Horizontal Movement on Average (in inches)
Vertical Movement on Average (in inches)
|July 18th
|Sept 2nd
All of this seems to be traced back to his blown save-turned-win against Kansas City on August 21st when he threw 53-pitches. Prior to that date, Nathan had worked 46.2 innings, accumulating a 5.45 K/BB ratio and an opponent slugging percentage of .245. Since that outing versus the Royals Nathan has tossed 6.2 innings and seen his K/BB ratio plummet to 1.50 and his opponents slug a Pujolsian .700. Physically or mentally, something went wrong from that date forward.
The biggest aspect of his game to be impacted was his slider. Before August 21st, Nathan threw his slider in the zone nearly 40 percent of the time. While it received plenty of swing and misses both in and out of the zone, getting contact on the pitch typically meant a ground out. However from August 21st onward, Nathan located his slider in the zone just 20 percent of the time. As the White Sox proved so eloquently on Wednesday, is that if you can refrain from chasing it, he would not throw it for a strike. Throwing 16 sliders against the White Sox, the opposing batters took just two of those for strikes. The overall toll resulted in more pitches.
There are two hypotheses that come to mind regarding this slider. The first is that Nathan's arm is tired. Though it is not represented in the velocity, Nathan is allowing his arm to drag a bit and thus falling to the side on the slider a tad more. Considering the gaudy pitch totals in the month of August let alone a six-game stretch in which he chucked 163-pitches (no where else during the season did he encroach this number at all in that little of work), it is a rather easy jump to conclude that he would drift from fatigue. The second theory is that he is INTENTIONALLY throwing more out of the zone with his slider. After the game against Chicago, Nathan felt that he was getting "too predictable". As a pitcher that has gone to lengths to add another pitch in recent years, Nathan is always trying to stay a step ahead so it seems. Just a few outings prior, the Rangers' David Murphy brought Texas within one on a ground-rule double from a Nathan slider. A week before that, the Royals' Bryan Pena tied the game on a home run off a slider as well. To change it up, Nathan perhaps has tried too hard to locate that pitch away from a swing -- to avoid any major contact.
Either way, fatigue-related or over-thinking, Nathan has proven himself as one of the top-notch closers in the game. A chain of outings like this is more likely temporary than anything else.


text:
After hastily summoning Mark McNeill from home to replace an injured forward, Canada will now be without an important player for their first three games of the tournament.
The International Ice Hockey Federation handed forward Boone Jenner a three-game suspension on Monday for his late hit on a Swedish defenceman in Canada's final exhibition game.
Jenner will miss Canada's games against Germany on Boxing Day, Slovakia on Friday and the United States on Sunday. The Oshawa Generals forward is eligible to return for the final Pool B game before the medal round against Russia on New Year's Eve.
"Obviously it's really tough," Jenner said quietly following Tuesday's practice in Ufa. "I really want to play in this tournament and be out there with my teammates. I don't want to be in the crowd watching.
"There's nothing I can do now. The ruling was made and it was three games. I'm going to sit out the three games, cheer on the team and be ready for the fourth."
So for three games, Canada is minus their top faceoff man, key penalty killer, third-line centre plus a player with previous tournament experience all in one package.
"He's definitely a big loss for the hockey club," Canadian head coach Steve Spott said.
Also, winger Jonathan Drouin suffered a mild charley horse in Tuesday's practice. He was left off Canada's roster of players submitted for the tournament, in order to keep a spot open should another replacement player be needed.
Drouin's game fitness will be evaluated Wednesday and the Halifax Mooseheads forward can be added to the team's list up to two hours before the game versus Germany, according to Hockey Canada.
It was also announced late Tuesday evening that Belleville Bulls goaltender Malcolm Subban will start versus the Germans.
It's been an eventful leadup to the 2013 world junior championship for Canada.
When Charles Hudon of the Chicoutimi Sagueneens was forced off the team late last week with a back injury late, McNeill rushed to catch up with the Canadians in Finland before the team headed to Ufa.
McNeill had been released from the team at selection camp in Calgary. Now the Prince Albert Raiders forward will centre Canada's third line in the absence of Jenner.
Swedish defenceman Jesper Pettersson suffered a broken wrist and a dislocated shoulder when Jenner checked him Saturday in a pre-tournament game in Finland.
The Swede was removed from the ice on a stretcher. Jenner was assessed a five-minute major and a game misconduct for charging.
The International Ice Hockey Federation meted out additional discipline late Monday.
"The video material indicated that the hit was late and delivered with no intention to play the puck and with Pettersson being in a vulnerable position," the IIHF said in a statement. "It was Jenner's intention to deliver the forceful check in spite of having the opportunity to at least make an attempt to avoid contact on Pettersson.
"The hit was delivered far too late. This resulted in an injury to Sweden's Pettersson and for this Jenner is to be held accountable."
Spott didn't want to dwell on the IIHF's decision to avoid it becoming a distraction.
"It's disappointing, but we respect and understand the IIHF's decision saying that there was an injury on the play and we hope the Swedish player is going to be OK long-term," he said.
It's not the first time Jenner has run afoul of the IIHF's disciplinary committee.
The Columbus Blue Jackets prospect was suspended for one game of the 2012 world junior championship for spearing Russian captain Evgeni Kuznetsov in the semifinal. Jenner couldn't play in the bronze-medal game, which Canada won.
"I guess it's a coincidence that it's happened two year in a row," Jenner said. "It's not the greatest thing to happen."
Spott says he didn't call up another player to replace Jenner in the lineup because the suspension was limited to three games.
"We had a plan going in based on the games," the coach explained. "We knew one, two or three... that Boone would stay and be a part of our club against the Russians."
Spott shuffled his third and fourth lines in practice in preparation to play without Jenner. McNeill was between wingers Phillip Danault of the Victoriaville Tigres and JC Lipon of the Kamloops Blazers.
Halifax Mooseheads forwards Nathan MacKinnon, 17, centred the fourth line with wingers Ty Rattie of the Portland Winter Hawks and Anthony Camara of the Barrie Colts.
McNeill, a Chicago Blackhawks draft pick, is still trying to familiarize himself with his teammates. Unlike them, he didn't take part in the pre-competition camp in Finland to ease him through jet lag en route to Ufa.
"I'm still adjusting to the time frame and everything and long hours on the plane," the Edmonton native said. "I've got a couple of good skates under me now and I'm feeling a lot better.
"The doc's been really great telling us when to sleep and not to sleep and that's been key. I think I'm getting a lot better and tomorrow I'll be even better."
Canada is heavily favoured against the Germans, who earned a promotion back to the top-tier world championship this year.
Spott, who coaches the Kitchener Rangers, will face one his Ontario Hockey League players in Canada's opener — German defenceman and Edmonton Oilers Tobias Rieder.
"We know teams like this can be dangerous because when they play against us, we're going to see their best," Spott said. "We know they're going to be motivated. It's up to us to find that level of motivation ourselves."


text:
Difference between revisions of "Jehora Jeheyu"
|Line 20:
|Line 20:
:'''Cost''': piety
:'''Effect''': Jehora Jeheyu stops randomly punishing you (effect resets on conversion; if you convert back to Jehora Jeheyu, you must petition again)
:'''Effect''': Jehora Jeheyu stops randomly punishing you (effect resets on conversion; if you convert back to Jehora Jeheyu, you must petition again)
;Last Chance
;Last Chance
:'''Cost''': all remaining
:'''Cost''': all remaining
:'''Effect''': Grants a chance to fully restore your health and mana; probability improves if you have more piety
:'''Effect''': Grants a chance to fully restore your health and mana; probability improves if you have more piety
;Boost Health (Repeatable)
;Boost Health (Repeatable)
:'''Cost''': 20 + 25n
:'''Cost''': 20 + 25n, 1 {{i|Health Potion}}
:'''Effect''': Increases your maximum health by 25
:'''Effect''': Increases your maximum health by 25
;Boost Mana (Repeatable)
;Boost Mana (Repeatable)
:'''Cost''': 20 + 25n
:'''Cost''': 20 + 25n, 1 {{i|Mana Potion}}
:'''Effect''': Increases your maximum mana by 3
:'''Effect''': Increases your maximum mana by 3
;Chaos Avatar
;Chaos Avatar
:'''Cost''': piety
:'''Effect''': Increases your current level by 1, granting a full heal and mana restore, grants +100 conversion points, removes all {{t|Weakening blow}} and {{t|Corrosion}} from your character, and reduces the physical and magical {{t|Resistance}} of all monsters on the current level by 20%
:'''Effect''': Increases your current level by 1, granting a full heal and mana restore, grants +100 conversion points, removes all {{t|Weakening blow}} and {{t|Corrosion}} from your character, and reduces the physical and magical {{t|Resistance}} of all monsters on the current level by 20%
Revision as of 14:53, 31 January 2014
|Jehora Jeheyu
|Initial worship
|Prep penalty
Missing info
Jehora Jeheyu, the mad god of primordial chaos, is an unsolvable enigma. He grants power and punishment in equal measures, depending on how amused or bored he is at the time. He is one of the most balanced gods in terms of the benefits he grants from his boons, and works well with almost any type of character.
Jehora is unlocked from a subdungeon with 25 unique imps in it. Once the altar is touched, a maze is generated that hinders the passage back, so bring ENDISWAL with you.
Piety Gain Mechanics
JJ performs a piety/punish roll on the following actions:
- Enemy reveal (non-plants only)
- Enemy death (XP-valuable only)
- Successful dodging
- Item conversion
- Casting the following: BYSEPPS, WONAFYT, WEYTWUT, GETINDARE, APHEELSIK, CYDSTEPP
This roll picks a random integer from 1-15, which is compared to an internal "happiness value" for the god which starts at 14. If the rolled number is less than or equal to JJ's happiness, 2-4 piety will be granted and JJ's internal happiness value will be decreased by 1 (to a minimum of 5).
If the rolled number is higher, a minor punishment is inflicted and JJ's happiness increases by 2 (to a maximum of 14 again).
The minor punishments are determined by another roll, from 0 to 10.
- 0 = poison
- 1 = burn
- 2 = health loss
- 3-5 = weaken
- 6-8 = corrode
- 9-10 = curse
This is where it gets a little trickier to describe: each status ailment now has a "reroll threshold", and if the punishment roll lands on an ailment with a threshold that's too high, it rerolls instead of inflicting that punishment. All thresholds start at 0 (except health loss and burn, which start more graciously at 1). The threshold number represents the minimum number of RNG rolls needed in any given punishment check before that particular punishment is available.
Thus -- given starting values as an example -- if the first roll lands on health loss, it will force a reroll. That reroll is then at liberty to inflict health loss OR mana burn. If any ailments exist at a threshold of 2 or more, on the other hand, those are exempt for at least one more RNG.
Whenever a particular punishment is successfully inflicted, that punishment's threshold will permanently increase by 1.
Jehora is actually much less threatening than he appears, but you must move to acquire the petition boon as early as possible. The weakening punishment in particular can cripple a low-level character, and avoiding taking too many penalties is important. If you're both poisoned and mana burned, it can become very difficult to survive. The burn cure and fortitude potions are both very useful for followers of Jehora Jeheyu.
Jehora's strategy is rather simple: Survive his random punishments for long enough to get Petition, then climb to Avatar of Chaos while picking up health and mana boosts along the way. If you get him early enough, you're likely to still have enough piety to change deities for the endgame or use his other boons.
Jehora Jeheyu's "boost mana" and "boost health" boons are two of the most powerful boons in the game. Boost health, particularly at lower levels, can vastly increase a character's durability and allow him to fight monsters he normally wouldn't stand a chance against. Boost mana enables you to play like an elf, using more elaborate spellcasting combos with a more generous mana pool. The loss of potions isn't as bad as it first appears; because potions grant benefits based on a % of your maximum health and mana, your remaining potions will actually become more powerful. If you combine with a schadenfreude potion and use boost mana sparingly, it's actually possible to come out ahead in terms of how much MP you get from your remaining potions!
Gnomes and Halflings make particularly good worshippers of Jehora Jeheyu since they have more potions to begin with and can more easily afford to sacrifice them. Rogues benefit enormously from the boost health boon, and at low-levels there is no better deity for a rogue to worship. The free WEYTWUT glyph also works well for rogues, who need a way to bypass monster first strike. Elves also work well with Jehora Jeheyu; though they lose out more than other races from the loss of mana potions, the absolutely massive amount of mana that an elf worshipper can accumulate makes them insanely good spellcasters. Raising your maximum mana above 30 is quite easy for an elven worshipper of Jehora Jeheyu.
Jehora's greatest strength comes when you use Chaos Avatar and/or Last Chance. These boons fully restore your health and mana when used, and if you've been using his other boons you'll have that much more health and mana to re-fill. Followers of Jehora Jeheyu can be terrifying engines of destruction in the end-game, and the broad range of bonuses provided by this deity often makes for some of the most powerful hybrid characters possible.
Warlords, Rogues, Assassins, and Wizards make the best worshippers of Jehora Jeheyu, though any class will benefit from him.


text:
Reading interviews with and about the background of Leeds based duo The Horn The Hunt, there is the feeling that adventure is in their blood whether physical or artistically. Their second album Depressur Jolie is an instant affirmation of that thought upon hearing the thirteen tracks living within its borders. Like little exposures from an exciting journey the tracks reveal and instil images of rewarding struggles inner and from the outside. The sounds of Clare Carter and Joseph Osborne have been labelled as pop music by some but that simple tag does not do justice to the depths and layers within their songs, certainly not those that live and breathe inside Depressur Jolie.
The album opens with the title track and what a track it is. From the moment 'Depressur Jolie' erupts into life with a big deep resonating bass riff surrounded by soaring synths a sensational ride ahead seems a guarantee. The song is a glorious weave of musical ideas and sounds that attach themselves to the side of the driving rhythm creating a musical kaleidoscope. All this makes for an impressive canvas for the stunning vocal ability of Carter to swoop, soar and play upon, though there is nothing light about her delivery or skill. As the album evolves song after song she with ease travels from dark and aggressive through smooth and controlled to a J-pop like delivery, often within the same song. The big folk drawl of 'Harpoon' takes over proceedings with a glorious imposing dark slow bass riff joined by crashing guitars and keys over a twanging series of chords. This and the next track, the recent single 'Raptor' a song with a rhythm that seems to stalk like the predator of the title, show The Horn The Hunt come from the same creative pool as Dutch band De Staat; builders of multi layered songs with sometimes the most unexpected sounds which always work wonderfully.
Carter and Osborne can do mellow and more straight forward too as the emotive ballad 'Be The One' with vocals so controlled and skilful they raise hairs on the back of the neck shows. 'Lava Dreams' and 'Bear Trap' deliver it even more simple with lean synths sounds and rhythms underneath the enticing vocals; both tracks recalling the basic organ and guitar genius of 80's band Young Marble Giants but with attitude. Of course simple for The Horn The Hunt is complicated for many but they show they have the vision and ability to paint glorious musical pictures in many ways. 'Henry's Out' and 'Animal Magic' deserve a special mention too, the first with its great synth indie pop groove over a tapping finger type rhythm and expansive chorus, and the latter for its smooth pop sound over soft tribalistic beats and cries.
Depressur Jolie is a musical blessing for the ear, inventive, unique, and best of all extremely enjoyable. Where many try and fail when being creative with sounds and what seem on the surface like random noises, The Horn The Hunt excel making each song an event which offers something new on each subsequent play. An album of mini tales and big sounds Depressur Jolie is a must listen for anyone looking for originality. The album is released on White Label Music on 23 May 2011 and the bands official website is @ www.thehornthehunt.com
The best and easiest way to get your music on iTunes, Amazon and lots more. Click below for details.
Categories: Music


text:
Identity Integration Feature Pack for Microsoft® Windows Server™ Active Directory® with Service Pack 2 (SP2) manages identities and coordinates user details across Microsoft Active Directory, Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM), Microsoft Exchange 2000 Server, and Exchange Server 2003 implementations. Using Identity Integration Feature Pack, you can combine identity information for a given user or resource into a single, logical view. Identity Integration Feature Pack also automates the provisioning of new and updated identity data, eliminating time-consuming, repetitive administration and the need to manually add, delete, or update identity information, groups, and user accounts.Sounds good, right? In fact, it does sound good - or maybe I should say it used to sound good. Read the description above a few times and you might notice three key things that are missing:
- What about support of Windows Server 2008?
- What about support for Exchange 2007? Exchange 2010?
- This is all about identities. What about synchronizing calendars "into a single, logical view"?
All of this came to mind when I was trying to better understand why interest in Quest's Collaboration Services product seems to be rapidly increasing. The product has been around for a long time but over the last 8-12 months it's really been taking off.
I think I figured out that the answer is in the questions above.
Technorati Tags:
identity management, Active Directory, Exchange, QSFT, Quest Software, MSFT, Microsoft


text:
301 60-Seconds : Quick, figure this out
As you know -- things aren't always the way they seem! There are a lot of really down-to-earth lessons our educational system seems to be missing these days in favor of more lofty, perhaps unnecessary, lessons. Today, John McWade sent me a brain teaser that clearly illustrates this point... October 21, 2013


text:
Disclaimer / Important Notices
All models & dancers are over the age of 18 &Sall pictures are in accordance of US Federal Law Section 18 USC 2257.
Please note that we book entertainers for group parties of three or more people. No escorts or 1-on-1′s.
The host of the party is responsible to pay the entertainers (cash ONLY) upon arrival and must ensure that the guests behave in a cordial manner.
To view this site you need to be @ least 18 years of age (21 years of age in AL, MS, NE, & WY).
If for any reason the entertainers are verbally or physically abused, we reserve the right to stop the show short with NO REFUND and we will prosecute guests to the fullest extent of the law.
Finally, it is also the hosts responsible to make sure the entertainers are receiving tips during the show.
Bachelor party strippers, Bachelor parties New York strippers, New York Strippers, Female Strippers, Male strippers, Girl/Girl shows, Exotic dancers, exotic strippers, nude strips, topless strips, bikini strips, go-go dancers, belly dancers, strip parties, adult entertainment, lap dances, pole dancers, pole dancing classes


text:
News: Just Announced
Friday, 7 Jun 2013
Kabini Motherboards Spotted at Computex 2013
AMD showcased some products based on the new Kabini APU and we managed to spot some Kabini motherboards at Computex 2013.
Thursday, 6 Jun 2013
AMD Announces Elite A-Series Desktop APUs at Computex 2013
AMD has announced its new Elite A-Series APUs for desktops, codenamed 'Richland', at Computex 2013. They also showed off a range of new Kabini and Temash-equipped devices, and a working prototype of the next generation 'Kaveri' APU.
Roccat Flaunts Kone Pro Optical and Ryos MK Pro Keyboard at Computex 2013
In addition to introducing the Kone Pure Optical Core Performance Gaming Mouse, an optical version of the Kone Pure, Roccat will be showcasing an enhanced demonstration of the Ryos MK Pro Mechanical Gaming Keyboard With Per-key Illumination.
Wednesday, 5 Jun 2013
Intel Goes Mobile with Bay Trail Platform
At Computex earlier today, Intel announced their latest 22nm SoC codenamed Bay Trail-T for tablet devices. With enhanced performance, graphics and lower power consumption, does Intel have what it takes to compete in the tablet market?
ASUS Reveals New Gaming Platform of Formula Motherboard and Poseidon Graphics
ASUS has unveiled their new gaming platform, which features its new Intel Z87 Maximus VI Formula motherboard and Poseidon graphics card.
Tuesday, 4 Jun 2013
Western Digital Begins Shipping World's Slimmest 1TB Drive
Western Digital has announced that it has began shipping the world's thinnest 7mm 1TB drive, the WD Blue.
Monday, 3 Jun 2013
ASUS Unveils World's First Combined Mouse and TouchPad, the VivoMouse
ASUS unveiled its VivoMouse, a wireless optical mouse with a top circular trackpad. When the VivoMouse is paired with the new compact ASUS VivoPC, they will make an ideal home entertainment system. The VivoPC functions as a HD media hub with the VivoMouse as the perfect wireless remote.
Acer Unveils the 5.7-inch Liquid S1 Equipped with Android 4.2 and Quad-Core Processor
Acer announced the Liquid S1, a 5.7-inch smartphone which runs on the Android 4.2 Jelly Bean platform, and a quad-core 1.5GHz processor.
Thursday, 30 May 2013
The 4.3-inch Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini Is Now Official
The much rumored Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini is now official after Samsung took the wraps off it earlier today. A smaller version of the 5-inch Galaxy S4, the 4.3-inch Mini will be available in white frost and black mist color options.
Wednesday, 29 May 2013
HomeGrid Forum & HomePNA Alliance Merge
HomeGrid Forum and the HomePNA Alliance have merged to create a single organization focused on promoting advanced wired home networking technologies. The combined organization will come under the HGF banner.


text:
YOU ARE WATCHING: The Marksman
Have a nice day! All The Best
The Marksman
Mike Martin becomes a deputy United States marshal in early-day Texas because of his almost unbelievable marksmanship. (That he has a rifle with a special scope doesn't hurt anything.) He ...
Genres: Western
Actor: Wayne Morris, Elena Verdugo, Frank Ferguson, Rick Vallin
Director: Lewis D. Collins
Country: USA
Movie: The Marksman
Production Co:
Duration: 62 min
Release: 1953
Server VIP
Server TheVideo Link 1
Server TheVideo Link 2
Server SkyVids Link 1
Server SkyVids Link 2
Other Link 1
Other Link 2
Other Link 3
Other Link 4
Other Link 5
Other Link 6
Other Link 7
Other Link 8
Other Link 9
Other Link 10
Other Link 11
Other Link 12


text:
Paris, Rome,
Southwest Missouri benefits as young pianists
converge on Missouri Southern State College
by Bob McEowen
The timeless strains of Bach,
Mozart, Liszt and Rachmaninov fill the air as a parade of young pianists
take their turn behind a Steinway grand on a college stage in Joplin.
Its the opening day of the Missouri Southern International Piano
Competition and, one by one, hopeful musicians try to impress a panel
of five judges and a few dozen spectators gathered at the college campus.
Finally, one young competitor,
14-year-old Avan Pui-Lam Yu of Canada, blows the hall away. His playing
is sensitive and touching. When hes finished a television camera
operator shatters the silence with a pronouncement whispered into her
headset just a bit too loudly.
she says. It was a reaction shared by every one in the room.
I think it surprised
the judges to see that level of playing in that age group. Its
unbelievable, says Vivian León, director of the competition
which brings pianists from around the world to the campus of Missouri
Southern State College.
Chinese-born Yu went on to
win the junior division of the contest but his breathtaking performance
was just one of countless beautiful moments in April as 35 musicians
from 13 countries vied for top honors and more than $30,000 in prizes.
The competition, held every two years, began in 1987 and has grown from
a barely international contest conducted by the college music department
to a community-supported event with rising importance within the worlds
classical music community.
Its getting to
where people consider it an honor to be selected, says León,
who left a teaching job at the college to become the competitions
full-time director.
Its really, really
hard to get into now, she says, adding that 141 talented piansts
from around the world submitted applications and video-tapes in hopes
of qualifying. A lot of the people who didnt get selected
are from the best music schools, such as Julliard or the Moscow Conservatory.
But they didnt make the cut.
This years competition
drew performers from China, Taiwan, South Korea, Russia, Bulgaria, Belarus,
Ukraine, the Czech Republic, the Republic of Georgia, Cuba, Israel,
the United States and Canada. The top performer in the age 18-30 senior
class won $10,000 and a recital at New Yorks Carnegie Hall.
Reading through the biographies
of these young musicians, Joplin seems out of place among other competitions
held in New York, Rome, Paris and Prague. Certainly the allure of cash
and a Carnegie debut draws them, but performers say they are also attracted
to the Missouri competition because of its friendly, relaxed atmosphere.
At most competitions
the competitors are rivals and its kind of a weird feeling. Here
everything is nice and natural, says Li Wang, who finished second
in this years senior division, behind American Robert Henry of
Wang, a Chinese pianist who
lives in Canada, was a finalist in the 2000 contest and came back in
part to see the family he stayed with during his last visit. I
had a very nice relationship with my host family and weve become
very good friends, he says. For me, its just very
The practice of housing competitors
in private homes sets the Missouri Southern Competition apart from other
international piano contests.
From the moment their
feet hit the ground they dont have one cent to spend. The host
families take over. They get transported. They get fed. They get lodged.
They have a support system, says León. We want to
make it something they will remember for the rest of their life.
For host families, the competition
presents an opportunity to enjoy countless hours of fine music as their
guests prepare for competition. It also lets them show a little old-fashioned
My major in college
was music and I have a fantastic piano. I just like to share my home
and meet these kids and let them know a little bit about the real America,
says Anne Cope, a New-Mac Electric Co-op member who has hosted a musician
during each of the past four competitions and this year served on the
contest organizing committee.
Hosts who dont own
a concert quality piano are loaned one for the week by a Kansas City
dealer who trucks in 14 Steinways to distribute around Joplin. Pianos
are also placed at the campus student center and at a local music store
where competitors perform impromptu concerts while shopping for American
In addition, competitors
perform for school groups, churches and community gatherings. The community
is invited to enjoy this biennial outpouring of classical music at an
opening night concert and a final gala performance by the winners of
the contest. The competition itself is also open to the public, though
attendence is sometimes sparse.
Anything classical
is boring to a lot of people, says León, who received early
music training in her native Hong Kong. Clearly, León doesnt
accept that view. Theyre really missing out when they dont
give classical music a chance.
This year, other public events
included a lecture for 400 area elementary school children by British
recording artist Martin Jones, who performed the opening concert, and
a Master Class in which five young pianists performed for the judges
and received personal instruction afterwards.
Between the pre-competition
events, the contest itself and the gala final concert, residents of
the Joplin area are treated to a rare opportunity to enjoy classical
music thanks to the Missouri Southern International Piano Competition.
Theres a piano
underground here, says Cynthia Hukill who oversees the the college
piano program. These people are passionate about this music and
we just wait for this two years to come by.
But the competition and all
the music it brings to the area benefits more than the faithful. It
is a chance for everyone to experience classical music.
Its an unbelievable
opportunity to learn and enjoy, says León.
The next Missouri Southern
International Piano Competition is scheduled for 2004.


text:
We're back with another walkaround: A Peugeot 202 painted in Luftwaffe colours…
We're back with another walkaround: A Peugeot 202 painted in Luftwaffe colours…
By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. More Information
PlasticPanzers is a private non-commercial website. The cookie settings on this website are set to "allow cookies" to give you the best browsing experience possible. If you continue to use this website without changing your cookie settings or you click "Accept" then you are consenting to this.
We store only user information that is required for the proper operation of this website, including your country of origin and browser type. Your IP address is anonymized by default. All information gathered is stored securely and privately on servers inside the European Union.
PlasticPanzers will under no circumstances use any gathered information for commercial purposes, will not share this information with 3rd parties and will not employ 3rd party software to track or identify you.
By registering on the site forum you agree to have your email address, IP and name stored on the website's server. By default the forum software will send you automated email notifications. By registering on the forum you agree to receive these notifications. Notifications can be disabled through your profile settings.
By contacting the site administrator through email you agree to transmit your email address and name to the administrator. To delete your personal data, please contact the site administrator through the contact information provided below.
PlasticPanzers is operated by:
Philipp Gross
Burg-Gräfenröder Str. 51
61184 Karben