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Why America's Spies Struggle To Keep Up
This is FRESH AIR. I'm Dave Davies in for Terry Gross, who is off this week. Our guest, Matthew Aid, is a historian of the American intelligence world who wrote a highly regarded history of the National Security Agency called "Secret Sentries." In his new book, Aid looks at the enormous growth of the intelligence world since the 9/11 attacks and how the nation's spies have responded to the challenges of new missions and new technology.
And he assesses how well the intelligence world has addressed the failures highlighted in the 9/11 Commission's report. Matthew Aid's new book is called "Intel Wars: The Secret History of The Fight Against Terror." Well, Matthew Aid, welcome to FRESH AIR. In this book, you give us a picture of just how big and sprawling the U.S. intelligence community is. There's one page where you list all these different agencies and about how many employees each has.
How many people are we talking about? How many agencies?
MATTHEW AID: Before 9/11, there were 16 agencies. We're now up to 17, if you include the addition of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, which is the nominal intelligence czar of the United States. Total number of personnel is about 210,000 civilians and military personnel deployed in the United States and about 170 countries around the world.
DAVIES: And that's government employees. That doesn't count all the private contractors who do work, right?
AID: That's correct.
DAVIES: OK. Now, people know of the CIA and then, of course, the NSA, the National Security Agency, but I'm fascinated by some of the other agencies that are here. The National Reconnaissance Office. What is that?
AID: The National Reconnaissance Office, for the last 50 years, operates and maintains the constellations of spy satellites. And this includes what they call imaging reconnaissance satellites, meaning the satellites that take pictures of the earth below; as well as signals intelligence satellites, which are these gigantic monstrosities of machinery that are parked 22,000 miles above the earth and can scoop up radio signals and electronic emissions from the earth's surface.
You know, at any one time, there are probably somewhere around 15 to 25 of these secret satellites in orbit over the earth. What happens is when they stop functioning, whether, you know, for mechanical reasons or they reach the end of their operational lifetime, they basically just stay in space. They become space junk and cluttering up our stratosphere.
So, you know, it's a - but it is, the National Reconnaissance Office is probably the single most expensive component of the intelligence community, and it always has, since it was created back in 1960.
DAVIES: And they take all of this data and then parse it out to the other 16 agencies?
AID: There are two agencies that basically take all of the information that the satellites collect. The pictures that the satellites take go to an agency called the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, which is based in Northern Virginia now. And there, you have hundreds, if not thousands, of imagery analysts who go through the pictures and generate intelligence from it.
The intercepted radio signals and radar emissions and the other electronic paraphernalia that the satellites collect, goes to the National Security Agency up at Fort Mead, Maryland. And there, you know, the material is processed and then, you know, sent down to Washington D.C. to be fused with other information into reporting going to President Obama and other intelligence consumers, here and overseas.
DAVIES: And then, of course, each of the military branches have some intelligence apparatus. The Pentagon has, you know, what, tens of thousands of people. Even the Coast Guard has its own intelligence force?
AID: Yeah. You know, 9/11 created a bunch of new players in the intelligence community and one of which is the U.S. Coast Guard. Well, you know, the Coast Guard is always been in the information collection business, primarily because of its longstanding involvement in trying to interdict the flow of illegal narcotics into the United States. But, you know, that was sort of an afterthought to its main function of just cruising around in the Caribbean and the Pacific trying to stop this stuff.
After 9/11, they created their own intelligence organization, including, you know, recruiting and training a number of signals intelligence specialists. And all the Coast Guard cutters, especially the big ones that you occasionally see anchored in our harbors or cruising off our coast, have a little compartment inside, very deep inside, with a cipher lock on the outside and the people inside the compartment are radio intercept operators listening to the radio communications of Columbian narcotics traffickers and the like.
So yeah, the Coast Guard has now become a player in the intelligence game.
DAVIES: You posed the question what do American spies look like, by which you mean, of these 210, 000 government personnel involved in this, is there a demographic profile?
AID: No. You know, if you read the books the Cold War, you know, many authors describe the CIA as being, you know, it was a very narrow demographic. Usually graduates of Ivy League universities, coming from well-to-do families, you know, well traveled, well educated. The demographic has changed dramatically, but it's been changing steadily since the 1960s. But 9/11 has just accelerated the dramatic changes in the demographic of the intelligence community.
The people who now populate the 17 spy agencies, pretty much resemble you and I in most respects. They're still very bright, well educated, well traveled, but they're no longer restricted to just, you know, the Ivy League schools in the Northeast. You know, recruiting now takes place on all university campuses across the United States. The clandestine service of - or what used to be called the clandestine service of the CIA, still goes out and recruits a lot of people who have special skill sets, people who have no problem lying for a living.
DAVIES: And so where do you go fishing for that kind of personality?
AID: Well, the CIA has gone out and looked for people who are aggressive personalities. And what they've done is they've recruited a lot of police detectives, a lot of criminal prosecutors - people who are used to dealing with ne'er-do-wells on a day to day basis are basically pretty aggressive in terms of their personality. And there are other types of people who fit that profile.
DAVIES: And you write that the Mormon community is a rich source of recruitment, right?
AID: The Mormon community has historically provided a significant number of linguists to the National Security Agency and the CIA and the other branches of the intelligence community, because the church requires that all members spend several years overseas as missionaries. And so, you know, these people come back to the United States and they're culturally sensitized and aware.
They usually are pretty well versed in the language or languages that they spoke, and so it's like a happy hunting ground for the intelligence community. And because, you know, they don't smoke or drink, getting a security clearance for members of the Mormon church is a relatively easy process.
DAVIES: You know, after the 9/11 attacks, there was an effort to change the way the intelligence community operated. The 9/11 Commission called for a complete overhaul to deal with the fact that information was not shared among disparate agencies. You know, dots weren't connected and signals, you know, signs, clues, were lost that might have detected the 9/11 plot. And there was this idea that we're going to create a director of national intelligence, someone that could make all of the parts work smoothly together and get out of their kind of bureaucratic isolationism.
Well, first of all, how was that proposal viewed among people in the intelligence world when it was made?
AID: They hated the idea of an intelligence czar. You have to understand that each of the 16 intelligence agencies that existed before the creation of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, they're bureaucracies and they have a bureaucratic identity and lifespan of their own. Which means that, you know, they love their independence. So I mean, it's in that sense, they're no different than a major corporation.
DAVIES: But surely they recognized that the inability to share information and coordinate investigations harmed the effort, endangered the country. What did they think needed to be done, if not, you know, a new intelligence czar, some directorate?
AID: Well, the purpose of the, you know, the creating the Office of the Director of National Intelligence was exactly as you suggested, to create an intelligence czar, a strong individual who would sit on top of the 16 other intelligence agencies and force them to share information and work together in peace and harmony.
DAVIES: Right, and after a lot of debate in Congress, there was an office of what? It was the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, right, was created.
AID: That's correct.
DAVIES: And did it do that? Did it address the issue?
AID: Well, yes and no. The no portion is that the legislation that finally came out of Congress was so badly watered down by rival interests, you know, both within the intelligence community and on Capitol Hill. And everyone knows in Washington that if you want to run the ship, if you want to make sure that everybody follows your lead, you have to control the money. And the first thing that Congress did is took away the authority of the director of national intelligence to control the budgets of the 16 agencies of the U.S. intelligence community.
The other problem is that former Secretary of Defense Don Rumsfeld got a couple of members of the House and Senate to revise the legislation in such a way that the Office of the Director of National Intelligence was given very, very limited authority over the 100,000 or so spies who work for the Pentagon. So the result is that basically you have, today, two intelligence communities.
You have sort of the civilian agencies who report to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, who is now General Jim Clapper, and then you have another 100,000 or so spies who work strictly for the Pentagon and they have their own boss who is the undersecretary of defense for intelligence. They have separate budgets, they report to different committees, and, you know, it's a structural nightmare.
DAVIES: So if the director of national intelligence doesn't really have any authority over the military intelligence apparatus, is there a mechanism by which information is shared and, you know, investigations are coordinated?
AID: Oh, yes. I didn't mean to suggest that the director of national intelligence didn't have some degree of control over the activities of the various intelligence components of the U.S. military. The money component is handled by the Pentagon, but there are various mechanisms by which the military provides all the information that they collect, you know, into a series of databases which are, you know, operated and maintained by the director of national intelligence or his subordinate agencies.
But it's just, you know, you talk to officials who used to work or work today at the director of national intelligence's office, and there's just frustration. I think I quoted one DNI official to the effect of, you know, it would be nice if the boys over at the Pentagon, you know, once in a while let us know what they were up to, you know, which is, I think sort of gives a hint that things could be more tightly controlled than they are right now.
DAVIES: We're speaking with Matthew Aid. His new book about the American intelligence community is called "Intel Wars." We'll talk more after a break. This is FRESH AIR.
DAVIES: If you're just joining us, we're speaking with intelligence historian Matthew Aid. He wrote a history of the National Security Agency called "The Secret Sentry." His new book is "Intel Wars: The Secret History of The Fight Against Terror." All right. Big question here. Even though we didn't get a national intelligence czar which truly controls the budgets and personnel of the intelligence community, everybody knows that there needs to be or there needed to be much more sharing of critical information.
Is that happening? Are we better at connecting the dots now?
AID: We're better at connecting the dots. To give the intelligence community its due, not only is it collecting vastly larger amounts of information than it was prior to 9/11, but the quality of the information is much better and there is much greater sharing of information within the intelligence community. New databases have been built and new communication systems have been put in place to ensure, you know, the more even flow of information within the intelligence community.
The problem is some of the databases were sort of put together on a spit and paste basis. They weren't designed to be as gigantic as they are today and so they don't work very well. The other problem is - you know, I've interviewed a number of analysts and collectors who worked in Iraq and Afghanistan and one of their biggest complaints was, you know, isn't it wonderful? Here I am sitting in a foxhole in the back desert of Afghanistan and I've got 3,000 emails coming in from Washington every morning with all the latest intelligence and, you know, the guy said, you know, it's wonderful that they're sharing the stuff with me. I just wish they were a little more selective about what they were sending me.
The bottom line is that we're so focused on pushing intelligence down to the lowest common denominator in the field that we're drowning our intelligence analysts working in, you know, not just Afghanistan, but in the Philippines and Yemen and elsewhere.
DAVIES: Well, and there's just an incredible increase in the amount of data coming in, all these drones that are in the air producing information, right?
AID: Absolutely true. And, you know, the drone is - it's the superweapon of the intelligence community. It's become, over the last decade, the principal means of finding and monitoring insurgents and terrorists around the world. And just to give the, you know, the listeners an idea, on 9/11 the U.S. military had a grand total of, I think, about 200 drones in its inventory.
Today, there are over 6,000 of, you know, a multitude of sizes flying all over the world. And I'll tell one funny story of I was in Afghanistan driving south of Kabul with my driver who was also my fixer and we felt nature's call so we got out of our SUV and I looked up and there was a very small - it looked like a balsa model that I used to fly when I was a kid, hovering right over us monitoring what we were doing by the side of the road.
And, you know, it turns out that about 80 percent of the time spent by these drones is - it's not spent trying to kill al-Qaida. It's basically, you know, drones fly up and down, up and down roads and dirt tracks in Afghanistan looking for guys trying to plant bombs by the side of the road to kill U.S. and NATO troops.
But, you know, they've become omnipresent and they've become essential to the way the intelligence community works. The problem is that each new iteration or generation of these drones produces several orders of magnitude more data than the last one. And again, the amount of data is literally drowning the analyst to the point where it now requires something on the order of 275 operators and analysts to analyze the result of each drone intelligence mission.
DAVIES: Have military intelligence operations grown to the point where they rival or are bigger than the CIA?
AID: Yes. We've spoken already about the operations of unmanned drones as sort of an example of sort of the new omnipresent weapon of the U.S. intelligence community. Well, with the exception of the 30 drones operated by the CIA, which are, you know, used for a very specific purpose in northern Pakistan to hunt down and occasionally kill al-Qaida, the remaining 5,970 drones that belong to the intelligence community are controlled exclusively by the three military services.
And I get the impression that the Office of the Director of National Intelligence actually has very little control over whether the Air Force buys one drone or another or how many it buys, how much it pays for these drones or necessarily how the information is collected and used and analyzed. And, you know, this is, again, one of those frustrating facts of life of trying to do business within the intelligence community.
And just so you know, the number of people engaged in working on the drone program within the U.S. military, probably about 40 to 45,000 people. You know, I'm talking about pilots and intelligence analysts and maintenance personnel and all the various other support people. So the CIA has 25,000, maybe 30,000 people. There are more people working on the drone program than the entire CIA combined.
That just gives you an example. Another example is the U.S. Army intelligence apparatus consists of 54,000 people, almost twice as large as the CIA. You know, this is, you know, the Army has all these people stationed, you know, around the world, especially in Afghanistan, but it just gives you a sense of how large the military's intelligence presence is around the world and, you know, how potentially severe the problem could be if the Office of the Director of National Intelligence has not enough control over their activities.
DAVIES: Matthew Aid's new book is called "Intel Wars: The Secret History of The Fight Against Terror." He'll be back in the second half of the show. I'm Dave Davies and this is FRESH AIR.
DAVIES: This is FRESH AIR. I'm Dave Davies in for Terry Gross, who's off this week. We're speaking with Matthew Aid. He's a historian of the American intelligence world, whose new book looks at the dramatic growth in intelligence operations since 9/11 and how well the nation's spies are coping with new missions and new technologies. His new book is called "Intel Wars."
You wrote a book called "Secret Sentry," about the National Security Agency - which, you know, has this massive network of analyzing signals intelligence and monitoring all kinds of communications around the world. And I wanted to talk a bit about the chapter on the warrantless surveillance of the communications of Americans - which was, of course, revealed in a New York Times story in December 2005. But this program had been going on for a while. How closely held was knowledge of this program within the NSA?
AID: Well, the number of people at NSA who were cleared for access to the warrantless eavesdropping program was maybe one or two hundred people. It was a very closely held program, kept secret by orders of former Vice President Dick Cheney and his chief of staff, David Addington, who largely ran the program from, you know, the West Wing of the White House. And you know, this was the way the program was run for basically the first four or five years that the program ran after 9/11. And the program has been brought under the rubric of FISA now, so they're a lot more people who are cleared for access to it today.
DAVIES: Yeah, for FISA, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, right?
AID: Surveillance Act.
DAVIES: OK. Right.
AID: Correct.
DAVIES: Right. Now, there's the question of the legality of this program, and the National Security Agency is not supposed to be spying on Americans. It's - in fact, its director had said before this was revealed that it was an urban legend that such things were happening. There are, of course, lawyers within the NSA. Did they consider the legality of this?
AID: Yes. According to former NSA director Mike Hayden, before he went ahead and executed the program, he brought in a group of lawyers and asked them, you know, can we do what the White House wants and still keep it, you know, within the legal framework? And they told him, according to General Hayden, yes, we can. The problem is that Hayden himself is not a lawyer and I'm not convinced that the NSA lawyers were fully briefed into the nature and extent of the program. You know, they were given a very narrow legal question that they were asked to answer and they did, you know, based on the information that they were given. The more I learn about the program, the more concerned I am about the legality of the program, particularly during the first four years of the program when it was largely unregulated.
DAVIES: Right. And just briefly, I mean what was the program? What are those concerns about its legality?
AID: My concern about the program is that the legal authorities for the NSA warrantless eavesdropping program were not written by NSA. It was written by a lawyer in the Justice Department named John Yoo, who basically wrote a series of legal briefs between 2001 and 2002 that, you know, the gravamen of his argument was that the president's wartime powers superseded the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which is to say that, well, in wartime there are no restrictions or bars on what the president of the United States can and cannot do.
We have one of John Yoo's briefs which has been released by the Justice Department, but my attempts to get the Justice Department to release the other five that Mr. Yoo wrote have been rejected by the Justice Department.
DAVIES: But when the National Security Agency's own lawyers and its Office of General Counsel were considering the legality of this, did they get to see the legal arguments, the briefs that the Justice Department had prepared?
AID: No. That's the interesting part, which is why I question how the lawyers up at NSA headquarters could have made an informed judgment about the legality of the program without seeing the Justice Department authority which formed the legal basis for the entire warrantless eavesdropping program. And then there came a point, I think in 2004, when the inspector general and the general counsel of the National Security Agency finally, three and a half years after the program began, asked to see John Yoo's legal briefs to find out if in fact what the agency had been doing for all these years conformed with, you know, with federal statute. They came down to Washington from Fort Meade and were told in no uncertain terms by David Addington, Vice President Cheney's chief of staff, no, you can't see these documents. So the NSA officials got back in their car, drove back up to Fort Meade, and we still don't know what if anything they said to NSA Director Mike Hayden at the time.
DAVIES: Right. So in the end the program was exposed and there was a long controversy that followed. The administration got Congress to enact a bill granting the communications companies immunity from, I guess, civil and criminal action for the actions that they had taken in cooperating in this surveillance. But I'm interested in - did the career professionals at the National Security Agency that you know and spoke to believe that the program itself was effective?
AID: Depends on who you talk to. Most of the people I've spoken to were, you know, had no security clearance for access to this program. Some may have seen the finished product that came out of the program. I've talked to people, you know, elsewhere in the intelligence community who claim to have seen the material and there's sort of like 60, 70 percent of the people I've spoken to say the material that resulted from the warrantless eavesdropping program was of marginal and maybe little assistance to their counterterrorism efforts, but it really didn't result in any major arrests, it didn't expose any al-Qaida sleeper cells in the United States. And in fact, most of its successes, at least the ones that I'm familiar with, were overseas in places like Iraq, trying to halt al-Qaida or Iraqi insurgent attacks on the United States.
So I guess where I come down on this is that we spent a hell of a lot of money building a system of dubious legality which really didn't give us very much in terms of making the United States more secure. But I reserve the right to change my opinion, you know, if and when the Obama administration or future administrations declassify some more documentation about the program.
DAVIES: In your book about the National Security Agency you talk about some of the challenges that they face, including new technology, which - that generates communications they have to monitor which are hard to monitor, like Skype, you know, the kind of - the video images through computers and BlackBerries and cell phones and the like. But one of the things that's hard to believe that you said is an issue for them is a shortage of electrical power?
AID: As ironic as it is, the NSA during the 10 years after 9/11 was spending billions of dollars on new collection systems and vast amounts of computer hardware and software and jamming it into its headquarters complex up at Fort Meade but did not build additional power stations to keep all these new systems, you know, that were being installed in Fort Meade up and running. So you had these embarrassing instances, you know, three, four years ago, where if you plugged in a coffee pot you literally could knock the electricity out for an entire wing at NSA headquarters. So you had these rather strange situations where every office had to have an electricity monitor. And if you wanted to install a new percolator coffee pot in your office, they had to measure the number of amps that the coffee pot generated and then they had to, you know, write up a formal request to install the coffee pot...
AID: ...in their office, which then had to go through 27 approvals before some very senior official signed on the dotted line and then it went back down the chain of command. I mean that's how serious the electricity problem was.
DAVIES: We're speaking with Matthew Aid. His new book is "Intel Wars: The Secret History of the Fight Against Terror." We'll talk more after a quick break. This is FRESH AIR.
DAVIES: If you're just joining us, our guest is historian Matthew Aid. His new book is "Intel Wars: The Secret History of the Fight Against Terror." The book is filled with fascinating little revelations. And one of the things is you describe an FBI program of surveillance flights over Washington - planes operated by the FBI that go up and look at something. I mean you talk about where the hangar is. What are they up to? What are they looking for? Do you know?
AID: Yeah, that's the question. We don't know. Just to sort of take you back just a little bit, the reason I became interested in this subject is it sort of fell into my lap. I started noticing that there were these frequent flights of helicopters over my very quiet residential neighborhood in northwest Washington, D.C. And as time - this is all post-9/11 - as time went by, the number of flights increased and they became very irritating, especially when - I'll give you one example. I came out of the George Washington University library and there's almost always a helicopter conducting some form of surveillance, low-altitude surveillance, in the neighborhood. And the helicopter came down and started hovering over my position, and being somewhat irritated at the time, I raised my right hand and gave the helicopter the finger, which the helicopter then proceeded to follow me...
AID: ...for the next 10 minutes as I walked to a metro station. But what I started doing was taking down the tail numbers of these helicopters. And I plugged the tail numbers of these helicopters into the computer database of the Federal Aviation Administration and the computers identified five front companies that had been formed by the FBI in the late 1990s during the - sort of the tail end of the Clinton administration to operate upwards of 130 fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters which they're based everywhere in the United States. It's not just the Washington, D.C. area. If you live in New York City there's a Naval Air Station in New Jersey where the FBI keeps a small fleet of aircraft that are in the air over New York City at any one time. San Francisco, Los Angeles, Miami, Chicago, FBI aircraft are operating over all of the major urban areas in the United States.
DAVIES: Well, this does raise a question that I'm sure you come across all the time in your research and that is, you know, what can you responsibly report? I mean I assumed you asked the FBI about these aircraft. Did you have any qualms about revealing this and the location of their hangars and that kind of information?
AID: Well I have, first of all, I'm not a reporter so I have no First Amendment protections, and so I have to be very, very careful. I have to self-censor because, you know, obviously it goes without saying that the worst thing that could possibly happen to me is to get a knock on the door and a pair of FBI agents are standing there in the doorway. So I tried to be very careful. I kept a lot of material out of the book that dealt with ongoing operations, particularly those of a technical nature - which, you know, if I was to say or write anything about them, you know, could cause harm to national security.
DAVIES: But it was OK to describe where these FBI aircraft are? I mean did you talk to them about it?
AID: No. Actually, I talked to some people in the intelligence community about the whole issue and they said, look, if you can find this hangar - and, by the way, if you knew where to look, the information is available on Google. It's - you just have to know where to look. I mean I'm not claiming that, you know, this was any massive discovery on my part; it's just, you know, all the various bits of data were out there, you just had to know where to find it. And I'm sure the FBI will not be happy with me about this, but I didn't disclose a lot of information about the activities of these aircraft or the identities of the companies involved. That may have gone, you know, crossed the line and I just didn't want to go there.
DAVIES: Well, Matthew Aid, it's been really interesting. Thanks so much for speaking with us.
AID: My pleasure. Thank you.
DAVIES: Matthew Aid's new book is called "Intel Wars: The Secret History of the Fight Against Terror."
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Animated gifs are the best thing about the internet age, I think we can agree, and it fills me with excitement that we are now able see our mobile internet devices realize their true potential as tools for creating them. 3Frames, a $3 iOS app, makes mobile gif-making a snap: it'll use your iPhone's camera to capture anywhere from 3 to 10 frames in rapid succession, then turning them into an animated gif played back at the speed of your choosing. Very nice! Mine is not representative of how cool they can turn out.
Once your masterpiece is complete, there are options for sharing on Twitter, Facebook, and Tumblr—though curiously I couldn't figure out anyway to just get a link to send it over email?—or you can add the gif to the 3Frames gallery. Gifs! [3Frames]

subset: commoncrawl


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Support Programmes
The provision of Support Rehabilitative Activities to offenders in the NCS is premised upon several considerations;
- To be in line with the Risk principle that states that the intensity of services given to offenders must be proportionate to the level of risk t they pose. So intensive intervention in the mould of Structured Core Programmes are reserved for higher risk offenders while less intensive services (Support Rehabilitative Activities) should suffice for lower risk offenders.
- To be in line with the Responsivity Principle that dictates that treatment interventions should consider treatment motivation, age, individual learning styles of offenders, culture and various barriers to participation. Thus offenders who may not be in a position to gainfully participate in Structured Core Programmes due to factors such as unsatisfactory English proficiency or cognitive ability managed by ways and Support Rehabilitative Activities are pegged at lower levels of cognitive sophistication.
- Offenders who are serving long sentences may be offered Support Rehabilitative Activities early in their sentence before they become eligible for Structured Core Programmes to start working early on their areas of need. In this regard support programmes are used to prime offenders for subsequent more intense Structured Core Programmes
- Support Rehabilitation Activities can also be offered after completion of Structured Core Programmes in instances where evaluation of programme outcomes indicate the need for follow-through interventions to consolidate the learning gains achieved in Structured Core Programmes.
The NCS provides three types of Support Rehabilitation Activities, namely Needs Orientated Treatment Activities, Voluntary Sector Sponsored Support Activities and Self-help and other Offender Support Initiatives
- Needs Oriented Treatment Activities
These activities are given to address specific offender needs that are however not intense enough or not appropriate at the point in time to address through Structured Core Programmes. These activities target issues such as adjustment to prison conditions, idleness and boredom, frustration and anger and motivation to change.
Voluntary Sector Sponsored Support Activities
These are rehabilitation activities that offered to offenders by reputable external stakeholders and partners to offenders in instances where the NCS lacks the requisite capacity or its internal resources are strained. Faith-based and non-governmental organizations fall under this category. The NCS believes in involving external sectors because they play a vital role in the overall rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders.
A stringent set of criteria is applied in selecting external partners to ensure that they indeed possess the appropriate levels of capacity to offer rehabilitative activities in an effective, ethical, inclusive and sustainable manner.
Self-help and other Offender Support Initiatives
The NCS encourage and support initiatives by offenders to help and support each other in their reformation journey. These offender-initiated activities provide offenders with opportunities to practise and assimilate pro-social behaviours. Offender study groups, prayer groups, HIV/AIDS support groups and Alcohol and Drug abuse cessation support groups fall under this category.


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SACRAMENTO (AP) — Great white sharks off the coast of California will likely enjoy greater protection, as state officials consider whether to add the predator to California's list of endangered species.
The California Fish and Game Commission unanimously voted last month to advance the candidacy of the shark for inclusion on the state endangered species list. That means during a one-year study review the shark will receive the same protections as if it were listed as endangered.
The commission was expected to publish last month's decision on Friday, a move that would officially launch the protections, state wildlife officials said.
Great white sharks are internationally protected and already can't be targeted for catch. But the additional restrictions will also ban incidental takes by net fishermen.
"While targeted sport and commercial fishing for white shark has been banned in waters off California since the mid-1990s, there were some exceptions that allowed for incidental take and take associated with research activities," said Marci Yaremko, program manager for state and federal marine fisheries at the state department of fish and game.
Under the enhanced rules, researchers and gillnet fishermen will have to apply to the Department of Fish and Wildlife for permits to tag or accidentally capture a shark or risk criminal prosecution.
Gillnet fishermen have voiced opposition to the shark review, saying the shark population is not in jeopardy and greater protections are not needed.
The shark review is also expected to provide an estimate of the number of great white sharks in state waters.


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flexi Vario Cord Lead Medium – Red 8m – flexi Vario Cord Lead Medium – Red 8m
Out of stock
The medium flexi Vario Cord Lead is part of the new generation of retractable dog leads from flexi. This innovative lead has been carefully designed down to the very last detail offering your dog maximum freedom of movement while still leaving you in control. It boasts a vibrant red handle that is comfortable to hold. The flexi Vario Cord Lead Medium is suitable for very active dogs weighing up to 10kg or also for calmer dogs up to 30kg. The generous cord lead is extendable up to 8 metres and automatically rolls back into the casing as you get closer to your dog preventing the lead from dangling on the ground. If you need extra control you can reduce the distance your dog is able to roam by activating the short-stroke braking system just at the touch of a button. The ergonomic handle is fully adjustable in size making it extra comfortable to hold. The soft elements of the casing also give it a pleasant feel and a good grip. The great range of matching functional accessories available lets you customise the flexi Vario Cord Lead to suit your individual needs. You can attach alternative tape leads like the red light-up LED Flash Belt onto the end of the cord using the patented multi-belt link system. The removable Multi Box means that you can always keep poop bags or dog treats to hand while the attachable LED Lighting System will brighten up walks at night or when visibility is poor. More information about the flexi Vario Accessories can be found here. flexi Vario Cord Lead Medium – Red 8m at a glance 8m retractable cord dog lead with an innovative design Size M for dogs weighing up to 20kg or calm dogs weighing up to 30kg or for lively dogs up to 10kg Short-stroke braking system a simple touch of the button is enough to stop and secure the lead helps you to control your dog as required Comfortable handle adjustable size ergonomic design comfy to use Patented multi-belt link system different tape leads can be interchanged using the simple 'click-and-go' system at the end of the cord Functional accessories dog lead can be customised with these handy extras (not included in delivery) LED Flash Belt with permanent or flashing red light for extra safety Multi Box removable holder for dog treats or poop bags LED Lighting System bright light for better visibility in the dark Soft components for a pleasant feel With safety loop prevents the lead from rebounding and potentially causing injury if the collar snaps Premium quality hard-wearing thanks to t
Specification: flexi Vario Cord Lead Medium – Red 8m – flexi Vario Cord Lead Medium – Red 8m
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It's a day filled with sweet swings and encouragement for the future.
Tucker has a newfound passion for the game of golf after a malfunctioning heart valve prevented him from playing any contact sports.
The 13-year-old from Minnesota underwent nine hours of open-heart surgery at the age of 6, and he discovered golf while recovering from his third surgery. He also discovered a new hero in the world of golf, Rory McIlroy.
Tucker's wish to meet McIlroy takes place in Ohio at the Memorial Tournament founded by Jack Nicklaus. The teen meets Nicklaus and other PGA players, but it's his meeting with McIlroy that tops the day's events.
On the course, McIlroy provides a few tips and instructions for improving Tucker's game. Before long, the two new friends are sharing stories and getting to know each other better.
It's a day filled with sweet swings and encouragement for the future.
This story makes me feel
Tom K.
Rory McIlroy is such an elite golfer who truly knows how to make kids feel special especially a kid like Tucker DuPont. Even though Tucker can not play contact sports for the rest of his life he can still perfect his golf game because you can play golf at any age and always get better. I am sure Tucker will hopefully keep in contact with Rory and watch Rory take his game to the next level. Also, I am glad Tucker got to meet the Golden Bear Jack Nicklaus because he was my hero along with Arnold Palmer when I was growing up watching the game and learning it. Years later I got to meet Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus at a local golf tournament and I was so impressed by their kindness towards fans. They are truly two gentleman when it comes to the game of professional golf and where they have taken the PGA tour now. Thank you for granting Tucker's wish in meeting one of golf's bright new stars Rory McIlroy.
August 20, 2013 - 10:12 PM
hematologic disorder
I wish to meet Michael Jordan
I wish to meet Travis Pastrana
congenital cardiac condition
I wish to meet Tedy Bruschi
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The Plato Salmon Oil is made in the USA and contains only natural ingredients, salmon oil and rosemary extract. The salmon oil is stored in a proprietary black bottle to shield the oil from light, which will prematurely spoil the oil. The easy to use pump bottle system with the added feeding guideline chart, makes this product the easiest and most beneficial salmon oil on the market.
** Product can be used for both dogs and cats **
Salmon Oil with Rosemary Extract


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Schützenecker, Hans (d. 1528)
Hans Schützenecker, an Anabaptist martyr, a scissors grinder by trade, was seized at Steyr in Upper Austria in June 1527 with other members of an Anabaptist congregation. They refused to make the required recantation and said that the learned priests were themselves in error, they (the Brethren) would adhere to the doctrine taught them by Hans Hut from God's Word, as long as they were not shown something better from the teaching of Christ.
The report of the council of Steyr to the government at Vienna was followed by the order of King Ferdinand of 10 September 1527, that "the imprisoned Anabaptists should be dealt with according to the law and the penalty." Those who recanted should be pardoned:
They must swear an oath that they will desist from the erroneous, seductive, heretical articles and doctrines that they have learned and received from Brother Hans Hut or his aides and related persons, will avoid them and take care not to go to any secret meeting and corner preaching, but will adhere henceforth all their life to the holy Christian church. Furthermore they shall on three successive holidays, when people are going to church, walk around the church in black clothing, bare head, and uncovered face, holding a lighted wax candle in the right hand. Then while the Mass is being sung they shall kneel before the high altar and beseech Almighty God for mercy, for correction of their fall into error and the sin which they have committed, and after the ceremony, with the permission of the priest, return to their homes. The mourning clothing shall be worn for four months. On the holiday or Sunday after the third Sunday each one shall confess to the priest or his assistant and receive the sacrament of the altar. In their homes the penitents shall have no company, avoid all meetings, . . . nor accept any office, bear no weapons nor have them carried after them for an entire year from the first day of the penance. Finally, they shall not change their place of residence for a year if they are living in Steyr or Burgfried, nor sell their home, nor dispose of them in any other way, nor leave Burgfried at all without the knowledge and consent of the government, and they shall also to the best of their ability repay the costs accumulating to His Majesty and to the city of Steyr in their case.
Now began the trial against the Anabaptists who persisted in their faith. Künigl, who was appointed as prosecutor by the king, made the charge that they have involved themselves in seductive, heretical, Hutian and Zwinglian doctrine and sect, have practiced the same and still believe them, that they have banded themselves together, attended corner preaching in and out of the city, have also received rebaptism, which they call the sign and covenant of the Lord, which was previously never heard of in the Christian church, disparage infant baptism and the sacrament of the altar, still believe it, and will not let themselves be directed back to the right way: he therefore demands their punishment. The accused Anabaptists replied with a written Verantwortung. It said in effect: It had never been their intention to act contrary to the mandates of His Imperial Majesty, contrary to brotherly love and Christian order. They were well aware of the divine command: "Give to Caesar that which is Caesar's," and also of the verse, "Be subject to all human authority for the Lord's sake." In this obedience they would persevere to the end with body and possessions.
It was true that they had met several times in order to instruct one another in brotherly love in the Word of God, but not with the intent of fomenting evil or sedition. Furthermore they offered to abstain from such meetings hereafter. But the doctrine which they teach is not new, but the teaching of Christ (Mark 16; Matthew 28; 1 Corinthians 2, 8, and 10; John 3:4 and 5; Romans 6; 1 Corinthians 15; Luke 12); they knew of no other baptism than the one which they taught. Concerning the sacrament of the altar there was nothing in Scripture, but the Lord's Supper, as He instituted it, they regarded very highly. But from the words of its institution, as described by the holy evangels and Paul, it could be clearly understood that the body of Christ is not in the form of the bread, nor did they believe that it was. For Christ said: "If anyone will say to you, 'Lo here is Christ, or lo he is there,' believe him not" (Mark 13). "God, who made the world and all that is therein, does not live in temples made with hands, nor is He cared for with human hands as one who has need of anything. He Himself gives life and breath to all!" - Künigl replied with violence and demanded the death penalty. But only a part of the jury voted for the death sentence, most of them favoring more lenient measures, another two months' period of indoctrination, and finally expulsion from the country. King Ferdinand heard this report with annoyance. He vigorously demanded their death, and the authorities complied. On Monday, 30 March 1528, the six captured Anabaptists (Hans Schützenecker, Sigmund Peutler, Mathäus Pürchinger, Hans Muhr, Hans Penzenauer, and Leonhard Alexberger) were executed with the sword and their bodies burned. Schützenecker's wife was drowned. In May Hans Heher and later five other Anabaptists seized in the country suffered the same fate as the six named.
Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. IV, 119-120.
Nicoladoni, A. Johannes Bünderlin von Linz and die oberösterreichischen Täufergemeinden in den Jahren 1525-1531. Berlin, 1893: 74-84.
|Christian Neff
|Date Published
Cite This Article
MLA style
Neff, Christian. "Schützenecker, Hans (d. 1528)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1959. Web. 26 Sep 2020. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Sch%C3%BCtzenecker,_Hans_(d._1528)&oldid=146230.
APA style
Neff, Christian. (1959). Schützenecker, Hans (d. 1528). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 26 September 2020, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Sch%C3%BCtzenecker,_Hans_(d._1528)&oldid=146230.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, pp. 484-485. All rights reserved.
©1996-2020 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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We're delighted to welcome you back to Harvester Ashton Moss.
Important booking information - please read
The safety and well-being of our guests and team members is our top priority. In order to keep everyone safe, for now we are only accepting bookings for a maximum of 6 people.
As our suppliers gear themselves back up for service, some ingredients and some dishes on our menus may not be available. In the short term therefore the descriptions on menus may not always accurately reflect the contents of the dish.
Thank you for your understanding and we look forward to seeing you soon!


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"No Walls" Trademark Dispute (Maybe Microsoft Should Bring Back Seinfeld)
An unusual Israeli-Palestinian joint venture start-up, which makes a cloud-based Web operating system letting users access their desktops from any computer with an Internet connection, is alleging a trademark violation by Microsoft in its new $300 million advertising campaign.
G.ho.st, which stands for "Global Hosted Operating System," is claiming it has a pending trademark registration for the tagline "no walls."
G.ho.st has used the phrase for almost 18 months and is alleging that it pertains specifically to operating systems (as shown in the screenshot here).
In a letter sent earlier this week to Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer and many others, which BoomTown has obtained, G.ho.st CEO Zvi Schreiber claims that the software giant has violated G.ho.st's pending trademark for the ad phrase "no walls" and asks Microsoft (MSFT) to remove it from the company's marketing materials.
Microsoft's advertising campaign, which launched this month and had a rocky start with poorly received commercials featuring comedian Jerry Seinfeld and Microsoft Founder Bill Gates, uses the taglines "Imagine No Walls" and "Life Without Walls" to tout its Vista operating system. (See a screenshot of one example below; click on it to make it larger.)
G.ho.st, which is hosted by Amazon (AMZN), is yet another of many attempts to make cloud computing real and is competing to grab customers from the software-based Windows powerhouse.
A Microsoft spokesman, in an email to me, dismissed G.ho.st's claims.
He said:
"We are aware of their concerns and believe their claims have no merit. We are not aware that Ghost has any trademark registrations or other rights that would be infringed by our 'Life Without Walls' campaign. To our knowledge, the right they have asserted, namely, a U.S. 'registered trademark application,' in the phrase 'No Walls,' does not exist.
"To our knowledge, Ghost has no trademark registrations or other rights in the phrase 'No Walls.' Even if they did, they cannot prevent others from using the words 'no walls' together in a sentence or in a descriptive manner in ad copy. Nor can they claim ownership in word 'wall' or the idea of a wall. The tagline for Microsoft's new ad campaign is 'Life Without Walls'–a slogan that, taken in its entirety, is not confusingly similar to Ghost's purported 'motto.'"
G.ho.st launched at our D: All Things Digital conference this past May (where Ballmer and Gates also appeared).
Here are two videos showing the start-up's whole demo:
And here's G.ho.st CEO Zvi Schreiber's full email letter to Ballmer (with email addresses and other personal information redacted):
From: "Zvi Schreiber (G.ho.st)"
To: [Steve Ballmer]
Cc: [redacted]
Sent: Wednesday, September 24, 2008 12:15:41 AM (GMT+0200) Auto-Detected
Subject: G.ho.st Virtual Computer NO WALLS trademark
September 23, 2008
G.ho.st (pronounced "ghost", an acronym of Global Hosted Operating SysTem and the trading name of Ghost Inc.–seehttp://G.ho.st) has been marketing an early version of our Virtual Computer (VC) product and service since April 2007 under the tag line "no walls" [1].
Steve, you have apparantly personally acknowledged that we are an innovative competitor to Microsoft® Windows® [2]. The press sees the G.ho.st Virtual Computer and Microsoft Windows as competitors too [3].
What are you thinking in rebranding Microsoft Windows with the tag line "life without walls" and with the prominent messaging "IMAGINE NO WALLS" (with the word IMAGINE small and the words NO WALLS in large all-caps font right on the Windows home page http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ and [4]), marks which are virtually identical (or, ignoring the much smaller "imagine", actually identical) to our trademark, and using these marks on the Windows home page and in a massive marketing campaign since last Thursday?
G.ho.st believes its Virtual Computer is offering consumers the first real conceptual alternative to Windows in decades. We have been using our limited marketing budget to market the user benefits of our fresh approach to personal computing under the trademark "no walls" for the last 17 months and teaching the market that "no walls" represents benefits such as
* A personal computing environment (desktop, file system, apps) which is not "walled" into – or installed on–a physical devices–but is hosted and available from any browser
* A personal computing environment which is free of charge and not only for the well off
* A personal computing environment that does not require administration–no need to install or update software, no need for the user to perform backups or fight viruses
* A personal computing environment which is online and allows all users globally to share with each other directly.
Steve, does Microsoft Windows Vista® offer these benefits?
But now you have taken a tag line virtually identical, or identical, to our trademark, without license, and applied it to a competitive product which has none of the same benefits. You are apparently spending more each hour than we were able to spend in total since April 2007–reportedly you are spending $300m in total–conveying these messages and completely overwhelming our own marketing using a virtually identical or identical trademark.
In addition the suspicion arises that Microsoft's disrespect for G.ho.st's intellectual property is designed to scare off potential investors in G.ho.st or partners of G.ho.st and prevent us from giving our innovative Virtual Computer solution a fair chance in the market place.
After consulting our advisors we believe that your use of marks highly similar or identical to our trademark in connection with the promotion and sale of your Windows products creates confusion as to the source, sponsorship and/or affiliation of the products before and after the point of sale, and/or is likely to cause mistake, and/or is likely to deceive the public, especially considering the acknowledged competition between Microsoft Windows and G.ho.st.
Given the size of Microsoft and the reputation of Windows and Microsoft in the market, the use of these marks is also likely to create reverse confusion where consumers are likely to be confused into thinking that our VC technology is being offered by Microsoft or that some of our technology is being licensed by Microsoft or that Microsoft has licensed our tag line or that Microsoft has achieved the same technical features that we offer–none of which are apparently true.
We are advised that these actions may constitute, inter alia, violations of 15 U.S.C. §§1114 and 1125 (Lanham Act), common law unfair competition, palming off and dilution of our trademarks under Federal, State and international laws.
In order to resolve this matter amicably, and given the phenomenal rate at which you are advertising these marks and harming our business, G.ho.st requires the following by the end of business Thursday, September 25, 2008:
1. Written confirmation that Microsoft has ceased and desisted all unauthorized use of G.ho.st's NO WALLS mark and any marks similar thereto, including, without limitation, the LIFE WITHOUT WALLS, IMAGINE WITHOUT WALLS and IMAGINE NO WALLS marks, on your products, Web site, marketing materials, advertising and other promotions and written agreement to not use these marks or similar marks in the future;
2. Publication in the same media where these marks were displayed or advertised of an appropriate clarification that Microsoft has not licensed G.ho.st's technology or trademark and does not offer the same features and benefits as the G.ho.st Virtual Computer that have become associated with the theme of "NO WALLS" from G.ho.st's own marketing.
3. Negotiating a good faith license for your past use of these marks (and should you wish it and should you and we agree on terms–also for future use).
We reserve the right to publish our own clarifications on this matter. However given that G.ho.st's marketing budget is a tiny fraction of Microsoft's, we would obviously not be able to substantially reduce the massive confusion on our own, nor is it our responsibility, and any publication by us would in no way reduce the need for the remedies above.
The above demands are made without prejudice to all of the rights, remedies and causes of action that G.ho.st has, including, without limitation, recovery of damages, injunctive relief and attorneys' fees. We look forward to your prompt response.
Zvi Schreiber
CEO, G.ho.st
Mobile: [redacted]
From US: [redacted]
Sent from my free G.ho.st Virtual Computer
[1] G.ho.st US Federal registered trademark application for mark "NO WALLS" #77576419.
Examples of the press covering G.ho.st's "no walls" tag line include:
Examples of our use include:
Brochure: http://www.g.ho.st/images/pager.pdf (advertised on http://www.g.ho.st/home/Literature.jsp?language=en)
Booths http://www.g.ho.st/images/photoGallery/web2expoSF20083.jpg (Microsoft exhibited at some of the same events as these booths)
[3] E.g. http://news.cnet.com/8301-13772_3-10035532-52.html
[4] E.g. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/


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Malaysia clinches victory at the Gelora Bung Karno StadiumWHOA now THAT'S what I call a happy feeling.
The whole team actually played like an EPL team. Khairul Fahmi's penalty save, Kunalan's tireless running, the super-young backline, Safiq, Safee, Shairul... EVERYONE played their part!
WELL DONE BOYS! But don't let it get to your heads, boys, there's a long way to go. And all you bandwagon-jumping politicians, don't kacau-kacau ok? Leave the football to KING RAJABGOBAL!
Ni baru ASEAN. Next stop, Asia!


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News | February 19, 2013
Cassini Sheds Light on Cosmic Particle Accelerators
Since we can't travel out to the far-off stellar explosions right now, the shockwave that forms from the flow of solar wind around Saturn's magnetic field provides a rare laboratory for scientists with the Cassini mission -- a partnership involving NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency -- to observe this phenomenon up-close. The findings, published this week in the journal Nature Physics, confirm that certain kinds of shocks can become considerably more effective electron accelerators than previously thought.
Shock waves are commonplace in the universe, for example in the aftermath of a stellar explosion as debris accelerate outward in a supernova remnant, or when the flow of particles from the sun - the solar wind - impinges on the magnetic field of a planet to form a bow shock. Under certain magnetic field orientations and depending on the strength of the shock, particles can be accelerated to close to the speed of light at these boundaries. These may be the dominant source of cosmic rays, high-energy particles that pervade our galaxy.
Scientists are particularly interested in "quasi-parallel" shocks, where the magnetic field and the "forward"-facing direction of the shock are almost aligned, as may be found in supernova remnants. The new study, led by Adam Masters of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan, describes the first detection of significant acceleration of electrons in a quasi-parallel shock at Saturn, coinciding with what may be the strongest shock ever encountered at the ringed planet.
"Cassini has essentially given us the capability of studying the nature of a supernova shock in situ in our own solar system, bridging the gap to distant high-energy astrophysical phenomena that are usually only studied remotely," said Masters.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, ESA and ASI, the Italian space agency. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.
News Media ContactJia-Rui C. Cook 818-354-0850
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Markus Bauer 011-31-71-565-6799
European Space Agency, Noordwijk, the Netherlands


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Ask any powder-loving skier what their favorite type of powder to ski is and their answer usually includes 'deep and light.'
The feeling of floating through a bed of snow while almost choking to death is indescribable.
But is there a way to know if the powder you're getting ready to ski is going to be the epic powder you're hoping for?
Last season I spent two weeks with Meteorologist Joel Gratz riding snowmobiles to remote weather stations, sitting in freezing temperatures to capture time lapses of clouds and speaking to experts in search of the answer.
The answer we found was complicated. But there was a constant.
It's what Utah boasts as "the best snow on earth" and what [R425R, Steamboat] calls "champagne powder."
We found that the amount of snow wasn't the determining factor, but rather, how light it was.
And then we realised the perfect powder day could actually be measured.
Here's how...
Brought to you by Ski Utah
Related Stories: Snow science part 2; Snow science part 3; Snow science part 4


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Richard Ford, Timothy Egan win Carnegie medals presented by library association
NEW YORK (AP) � Richard Ford and Timothy Egan, winners of literary medals presented by the American Library Association, both credit libraries for making their work possible.
Ford and Egan are this year's recipients of the Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence for the best works of fiction and nonfiction. Ford was cited for the novel "Canada," narrated by the teen son of bank robbers. Egan won for "Short Nights of the Shadow Catcher," a biography of photographer Edward Curtis, who compiled an encyclopedic archive of North American Indians.
Egan, a prize-winning author and reporter for The New York Times, noted in a recent interview that libraries were a vital part of his research for the Curtis book. Curtis, who died in 1952, had compiled a 20-volume set of his Indian photographs. Few copies exist today, but Egan managed to look through the pictures at the University of Washington library in Seattle.
"It was really magical," said Egan, winner of the National Book Award in 2006 for "The Worst Hard Time," a history of those lived through the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression. "You have to put on these white gloves and look very carefully through this glowing, magical achievement. Libraries, in many ways, are the keepers of our stories."
Ford, a Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist, recalled that he grew up down the street from a Carnegie library in Jackson, Miss. His mother would leave him there at times, considering it a safe place for a child.
"I got an introduction there to what books were, why books were important," said Ford, who now regularly donates books to the library near his home in Maine.
Ford and Egan each will receive $5,000, and finalists each receive $1,500. In fiction, they were Junot Diaz for "This Is How You Lose Her" and Louise Erdrich for "The Round House." In nonfiction: David Quammen for "Spillover" and Jill Lepore for "The Mansion of Happiness." The Carengie medals were established in 2012 and are funded through a grant by the Carnegie Corporation.


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14 Best Eyeliners Under $10
Looking for a liquid, gel or pencil eyeliner on the cheap? These drugstore brand picks get stellar reviews
Why it's great: This eyeliner claims to give you lasting drama -- and according to users, it follows through. "[It] stays on all day with no smudges or runs!" raves one user.
Reader after reader gushes over the product's staying power and creamy formula. "I have a hard time finding a good eyeliner that doesn't smudge or smear from my lower lash line," another user writes. "This doesn't budge until you decide to wash it off."
Agree? Disagree? Write your review for Wet n Wild MegaEyes Creme Eyeliner here.
Buy Now on Amazon
*At time of publication
SEE NEXT PAGE: Best Drugstore Eyeliner No. 11: Rimmel London Exaggerate Full Colour Eye Definer, $6.99
Older comments
Absolutely agree with the Revlon Colorstay Liquid Liner. Definitely the blackest black I have found and it goes on so smoothly.
by UnitedInBeauty Sunday, May 5, 2013 at 07:49PM Report as inappropriate
good stuff
by alwafi28 Saturday, May 4, 2013 at 10:02AM Report as inappropriate
good stuff
by rna Saturday, March 23, 2013 at 12:48PM Report as inappropriate
Glad to see Maybelline's pencils here. What is missing is Physician's Formula wonderful "Eye Booster" liner.
by GigiSD Friday, March 8, 2013 at 08:55PM Report as inappropriate
Avon Ultra Luxury liner... is the Bee's Knee's. Fo real.
by eatinglipstick Wednesday, February 13, 2013 at 04:51PM Report as inappropriate
Sephora Jumbo eye pencils are great for adding color to a look!!!
by Misselizabeth Sunday, January 20, 2013 at 12:33AM Report as inappropriate
Another one I love is Starlet its over the 1000 mark but only buy $1.00 and its worth way more.
by Crissa Wednesday, January 16, 2013 at 02:35PM Report as inappropriate
I love NYC and Loreal liners, they're great.
by amber.flute Thursday, January 10, 2013 at 03:41PM Report as inappropriate
love cheap eyeliner
by LittleBunny Thursday, January 10, 2013 at 09:23AM Report as inappropriate
going to try this
by cp96 Sunday, January 6, 2013 at 06:46PM Report as inappropriate


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Educational CubeSats deployed from SSETI Express
Aboard the SSETI Express satellite, which was launched yesterday morning, were three educational CubeSat satellites each weighing 1kg and measuring 10x10x10cm.
They are:
- Ncube2 from Norway
- XI-V from University of Tokyo in Japan
- UWE-1 from University of Würzburg in Germany
The satellites were successfully deployed from SSETI Express 64 minutes into the mission and so far signals from XI-V and UWE-1 have been successfully received at their respective ground stations.
Ncube2 students are still struggling to receive the first life signs from their satellite.
ESA and the SSETI-Association congratulates the cubesat teams on the successful launch and deployment, and wish them the best of luck for the coming operations.
22:20 - SSETI Express in safe mode
At 22:20 CEST, SSETI Express went into a safe mode due to an undervoltage caused by battery charging problems. The operations team is working actively to resume nominal operations of the satellite and is receiving tremendous help in the process from the amateur radio community. At the time of the anomaly many mission milestones had already successfully been met.
12:50 - SSETI Express in good health
Ground stations all over the world are confirming acquisition of SSETI Express and first reports are that the spacecraft is in good health. The project team are examining the first data and assessing the stability of the mission. Radio amateurs all over the world are excitedly tuning in, hoping to win the SSETI radio amateur competitions.
"SSETI Express is a big success and we congratulate all the students involved for their outstanding effort," said Neil Melville, SSETI project manager from Plesetsk.
9:15 - SSETI Express launched
SSETI Express, the satellite designed and built by European university students, was launched this morning at 08:52 CEST from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome on a Russian Kosmos 3M launcher. First stage ignition and second stage separation completed.
Watch the launch replay


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One look at Bentley's EXP 9F Concept SUV and you could understand why the Volkswagen Group's ultra-luxury Bentley brand would stick to building cars. Sharing a platform with the next-generation Audi Q7 and Porsche Cayenne, the Bentley SUV will have less controversial styling than the less-than-well-received EXP 9F Concept from last year's Geneva show, says a report from Autocar.
"If you saw the styling, you would say, 'That is a real Bentley'," said CEO Wolfgang Schreiber, who added the SUV would have a V8 with a V12 option.


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T reports "Criminal Manne's new joint from the mixtape Certified Dopeboy hosted by DJ Scream in the streets now!! www.twitter.com/criminal_manne OR www.criminalmannemusic.com"
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The Canadian flag, The Maple Leaf, is the one that should be flown. Apparently the Red Ensign will be displayed as part of a background piece for people to see what it looked like. I can't understand why there are people who think that the flag from 90 years ago is relevant today. The Canadian people are currently paying for the renovation and the Maple Leaf is the current flag. So, that is the one that should be flown. We don't need to honour a flag from the past when we finally have our own to pay respect to. We seem to have these "flag flaps" in this country every few years. It's long past time to move on.
Why all this hand wringing about Red Ensigns and Vimy. the only exception being the PPCLI but I suspect the colours were left back at RHQ![/i]
Well, for reasons having nothing to do with historical accuracy, protocol, or even rationality, I vote for the Ensign with the four-province shield. The bottom left icon is obviously a parachute wing
Mr Herd :>)We are getting a bit off topic- the point I was making was no Unit carried Red Ensigns to the front in fighting that I am aware of- the Australians had a their own Red Ensign in WW1 as well- knowing them -& to start an even broader discussion -the Ozzie's probably did carry there's ? Digger - right /wrong?secondly i was only pointing out that the only Canadian Unit that carried any flag at the front in WW1 was the PPCLI - "Ric-A-Dam-Doo" ("Cloth of Thy Mother" in Gaelic)third the PPCLI flag was a "Camp Colour" and was consecrated as a Regimental Colour in 1919Gord
Most believe new and old Canadian flags should fly at Vimy Ridge ceremony: poll MICHAEL OLIVEIRATORONTO (CP) - A majority of Canadians want the wishes of veterans respected and two different Canadian flags to fly at next month's ceremony recognizing the 90th anniversary of the Battle of Vimy Ridge, a new poll suggests. The poll, conducted by Ipsos Reid on behalf of the Dominion Institute, found 79 per cent of respondents support the idea of flying both the current flag and the old Canadian "Red Ensign" atop the monument during the April 9 ceremony in Vimy, France. At the time of the famous First World War battle at Vimy Ridge, the Canadian flag was red with the British Union Jack in the top left corner, and the coats of arms of Canada's first four provinces on the right side. In 1965, the flag was changed to today's Maple Leaf design. Government protocol dictates that only a Canadian flag can adorn federal monuments; the Vimy monument is considered to be on Canadian soil, even though it's in France. Prime Minister Stephen Harper, however, has reportedly expressed a desire to see the Red Ensign fly as part of the special ceremony - and on Friday, a spokeswoman for Veteran Affairs Canada all but confirmed both flags would be raised. "We at Veterans Affairs are working to obtain a Red Ensign from the Vimy period in order to fly it during the ceremonies alongside the national flags of Canada, France and the United Kingdom," Janice Summerby said. Rudyard Griffiths of the Dominion Institute said he was thrilled that "common sense prevailed" and that history will live on. "I don't think veterans are saying here that this is about replacing the Maple Leaf or not showing proper respect for the Maple Leaf," he said. "Quite the contrary, I think it's more an appeal to historical accuracy and an appeal to the reality that this was the flag of Canadians (of that era) and we shouldn't be airbrushing our history. I think for them it's a matter of being true to the history they helped create for Canada." The most support for the idea was in the Atlantic provinces, where 89 per cent of respondents wanted both flags used. The idea won the least amount of support in Alberta and Quebec - 76 per cent. Ipsos Reid polled 1,000 Canadians online during a three-day period starting March 20. The results are considered accurate to within 3.1 percentage points, 19 times out of 20.
I think those who fought at Vimy Ridge and other places would be more than proud to have the maple leaf fly over them for all eternity. It is their sacrifice that made the maple leaf possible.
I'm curious, for those who are arguing so strongly for the Red Ensign to be flown, to represent the Canada for which those who died on the ridge fought, will they be allowing the Newfoundlanders to parade with the Canadians? Or would they send them to parade under their own flag of the day?Canada today is honouring the actions on Vimy Ridge, I believe that the flag that represents all of Canada today should have the most prominent position.
Neither the term Dominion of Canada nor Dominion government appear in the 1867 Act; however, the former appears in the Constitution Act, 1871 — usage of which was "sanctioned" [16] — and both appear in other texts of the period, as well as on numerous Canadian bills before 1967.Until the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was commonly used to identify the country. As Canada increasingly acquired political authority and autonomy from the United Kingdom, the federal government increasingly began using simply Canada on state documents. The Government of Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent enacted a formal policy of removing the word "dominion" from all updated bills and statutes. [2]The Canada Act 1982 refers only to Canada and, as such, it is currently the only legal (as well as bilingual) name. This was also reflected later in 1982 with the renaming of the national holiday from Dominion Day to Canada Day. Section 4 of the 1867 BNA Act declares that:Unless it is otherwise expressed or implied, the Name Canada shall be taken to mean Canada as constituted under this Act. and this has been interpreted to mean that the name of the country is simply Canada. No constitutional statute amends this name and the subsequent Canada Act 1982 does not use the term dominion at all; nor does it state that Canada is not a dominion. While no legal document ever says that the name of the country is anything other than Canada, Dominion and Dominion of Canada remain official titles of the country.[17][18][19]In recent years the terms Dominion of Canada and Dominion are occasionally used to distinguish modern (post-1867) Canada from either the earlier Province of Canada or from the even earlier The Canadas. The terms are also used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though in this usage "federal" has become more common than "dominion". Among those who lament disuse of the term was the late Eugene Forsey, in response to what he and other monarchists consider increasing republicanism. However, the federal government continues to produce publications and educational materials that specify the currency of these official titles.[20][19]Footnotes:2. Trigger, Bruce G.; Pendergast, James F. (1978). "Saint-Lawrence Iroquoians", Handbook of North American Indians Volume 15. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 357-361. OCLC 58762737. 16. Martin, Robert. 1993(?). 1993 Eugene Forsey Memorial Lecture: A Lament for British North America. The Machray Review. Prayer Book Society of Canada. — A summative piece about nomenclature and pertinent history with abundant references. 17. Marsh, James H., ed. 1988. "Dominion" The Canadian Encyclopedia. Hurtig Publishers: Toronto. 18. Rayburn, pp. 19, 21. 19 a b Canadian Heritage: National Flag of Canada Day, Canada's Digital Collections: Confederation 1867, Canadian Heritage: The Prince of Wales Royal Visit 2001, Quiz 20. Forsey, Eugene A. 2005. How Canadians Govern Themselves (PDF), 6th ed. Canada: Ottawa; pp. 8-9.


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Fitz, Schmitz. Olivia Pope is about to get a very important new client.
House grad Lisa Edelstein is set to check into an upcoming episode of Scandal, TVGuide.com has confirmed.
As first reported by TVLine, Edelstein will play a client of Olivia Pope and Associates.
Scandal postmortem: Shonda Rhimes teases what's next for Olivia & Co.
Since leaving House prior to the final season, Edelstein has appeared on The Good Wife and Elementary, and is enjoying an arc on House of Lies' current season.
Scandal airs Thursdays at 10/9c on ABC.


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Leptospirosis among hospitalized febrile patients in northern Tanzania.
(Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2011-08)
We enrolled consecutive febrile admissions to two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania. Confirmed leptospirosis was defined as a ≥ 4-fold increase in microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titer; probable leptospirosis as reciprocal ...


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This lesson looks at why we are fighting a fight we can win.The power is not our own but God's.We have the armor of God in order to withstand Satan.
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Cliff and his wife, Beth (Williams), are native Alabamians. They are blessed with a son Cade, and two daughters: Kinley and Lakelyn. Cliff is a graduate of Memphis School of Preaching (1995) and Faulkner University (1997). Over the last fifteen years he has labored with the Ironaton church of Christ, located outside of Talladega, Alabama. During this time he has done extensive television evangelism—initially in the local market and recently on Gospel Broadcasting Network (GBN). As of 2012, Cliff is the host of Searching the Scriptures and Preaching the Gospel—both of which can be seen on GBN.
Latest posts by Cliff Goodwin (see all)
- As Pertaining to the Grace of God – Studies in 1 Peter (4) - March 23, 2018
- As Pertaining to the Grace of God – Studies in 1 Peter (3) - March 23, 2018
- As Pertaining to the Grace of God – Studies in 1 Peter (2) - March 22, 2018
- 12: Miriam Saves Her Baby Brother (estimated age) - March 22, 2018
- The True Grace of God – Introduction to the book – Studies in 1 Peter (1) - March 22, 2018


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Prioritizing Web Usability
Dr. Jakob Nielsen is the guru of web usability. He has been studying, writing, and advocating for better web usability for decades, and his advice is generally accepted as truth when it comes to improving websites. If he is anything, he is thorough. At 432 pages, Prioritizing Web Usability is essentially the reference on website user interface design. I actually made the mistake of also reading his Designing Web Usability as well, but you shouldn't. It's another 432 page reference (is there some meaning in 432?), only from 7 years earlier, and it's pretty much obsolete.
Dr. Nielsen does cover a lot of ground, including a very interesting review of how the web has improved since Designing Web Usability, but I couldn't help but feel like his explanations were excessively drawn out. By the time I reached the chapter on "Writing for the Web" that contained the advice of cutting down the prose on websites to the bare necessities, I was thinking a fair amount of cutting might have improved the readability of this book. The authors did try to make the argument that the web required succinct writing while print did not because it was the nature of the medium. I was not convinced. Then I read Don't Make Me Think, with the advice to cut half the content and then cut half of what's left, and I thought even more that there's no reason that shouldn't apply to print as well. Cut anything that doesn't directly add to the reader's understanding of what you are saying. They will thank you for it!
As it stands, I ended up only reading the prose and skipping the picture captions. This method probably cut about a third of the length from the book, and a fair amount of the redundancy. After finishing, I figured I could have gotten just as much out of it by only reading the captions and skimming the prose for any other keen insights. Don't misunderstand me, this book contains a wealth of knowledge on how to build a better website, and it's all clearly explained with good examples. The problem is that the key advice is watered down with a lot of extra points and wordy arguments to back up the reasoning. A book that was half the size with more focused advice would have ended up being much stronger, as we will soon see.
Don't Make Me Think
At 216 pages, Steve Krug's book is actually exactly half the size of Prioritizing Web Usability. Now I'm wondering if that was a coincidence. Steve's writing is clear, concise, and entertaining. The layout of the book is excellent, with great examples of websites that are trimmed to show only the point that he's trying to get across. It's so well done that it will only take you a few hours to read through it, and it will open your mind. Once you are aware of the issues, you'll see them in every website you visit, good or bad. That awareness alone will make you a better designer.
Even my wife read through this book and enjoyed it, and she's not a technical person. Steve shows you what you need to know, and he does it in a way that is accessible to everyone. That is the sign of a great teacher, and a great book. My wife was so impressed with it that she went on and read Rocket Surgery Made Easy, which goes in depth on usability testing. She liked it just as much as Don't Make Me Think. I haven't read it yet, but I'm planning to. I don't have much else to say, except, you should read Don't Make Me Think. Get the print version. The layout and full color content of the book lends itself much better to print. You can also check out Steve's website for more great advice.
A Little Knowledge Is A Dangerous Thing
If I had to pick one idea from these books that could really make you a better web designer, it's that your intuitions about good web design are wrong. If you are designing websites, your technical expertise will get in the way of usability because what is obvious to you is not obvious to the majority of your users. On top of that, you know too much about your website, and you'll naturally organize it in a way that makes sense to you. But your users aren't coming to your website to learn everything you know. They're either coming to get something done, or to learn what they need to know. To help your users accomplish their goals, your site needs to be simple, clear, and obvious. These books can help, but the best way to achieve that is to get to know your users. You're designing for them, are you not?
So what to read?
If you haven't already decided, let me give one more perspective. My wife also tried reading Designing Web Usability. She couldn't get past the first 100 pages, and she was constantly asking me questions about what Dr. Nielsen was talking about, since she's a non-technical person. That experience has turned her off to reading Prioritizing Web Usability. I think she'll get around to it at some point, but she keeps putting it off. With Krug's books she could read straight through, understanding everything. Her recommendation is that everyone, whether they are design engineers at a huge corporation or Johnny down the street setting up a personal website, can gain a lot from reading Steve Krug's books. If you are a technical person with lots of time on your hands, or if you are searching for encyclopedic knowledge of web usability, then reading Nielson's book would get you there.


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Right Makes Might
DENVER - For the past 20 years, the Washington State Beef Commission (WSBC) has measured its beef checkoff efforts by a nine-word mission statement: "To increase demand for beef by exceeding consumer expectations."
While the WSBC accomplishes this through a hearty focus on in-state promotions, it also supports group marketing efficiency by sending voluntary checkoff dollars to the Federation of State Beef Councils.
"The mission statement guides our state efforts and underpins our belief that there is marketing strength in numbers," said Patti Brumbach, who has been WSBC executive director for 22 years. "Nationally, we pool resources with other states because it's an efficient and effective way to reach our shared objectives."
While Washington isn't considered a large beef-producing state, it has unique characteristics that guide the state's $543million beef industry and its emphasis on consumer marketing.
"We're a microcosm of the beef industry," Brumbach said. "Every industry sector is represented in Washington, and on our board. As for marketing, we have a large, mostly affluent population and we're also geographically well-positioned for Pacific Rim exports."
To capitalize on these advantages and set an efficient and effective annual checkoff program, WSBC board relies on significant assistance from Federation-funded strategic planning and market research teams. These high-level services are available through Washington's Federation investment, Brumbach said.
To further maximize resources, the WSBC uses Federation-funded business services such as human resources, IT and design services support. The state can also tap into expertise of national checkoff program staff, for specific professional guidance in areas like nutrition and market research.
"As a beef council, we're generalists – jacks-of-all-trades," Brumbach said. "Having national support in these areas is a tremendous advantage in freeing commission funds for other marketing efforts at the state level."
Partnerships are another hallmark of many WSBC projects. One example is an annual tailgating promotion surrounding a popular college football rivalry. Partners include a retailer with 67 local outlets – who enjoyed an 8 percent increase in beef sales during 2011's four-week promotion, Brumbach said. Certified Angus Beef is another partner, providing beef for the 8,000 cups of chili beef producers serve to fans on game day.
The WSBC also places a high priority on its Trust Initiative, designed to tell the modern beef production story and build consumer trust in the state's beef industry. The initiative includes support for food banks, vital community service projects (like feeding those displaced by last summer's wildfires), on-farm tours and beef sampling events. A key component of these efforts is that real Washington farmers and ranchers are at every event.
Brumbach noted that the state-national checkoff relationship has always been important to WSBC's vigorous marketing efforts. The partnership delivers the efficiencies and expertise needed to execute the mission-specific programs that are important to the WSBC board.
WSBC at a Glance


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Military Archbishop Encourages His Auxiliary: Serve Vigilantly, Humbly
Archbishop Timothy Broglio welcomes auxiliary Bishop-elect Robert Coyle.
WASHINGTON — The Archdiocese for the Military Services received a new auxiliary bishop on Thursday, as Msgr. Robert Coyle was ordained with exhortations to remain humble, vigilant and faithful to the Gospel.
"The successor of the apostles is humble and recognizes that he has received everything from God. He is sober and alert so as to be vigilant," Military Archbishop Timothy Broglio told Bishop-designate Coyle in his homily before the ordination.
He encouraged the new bishop to listen willingly to those he serves.
"Much of your ministry will be listening as you allow the soldier to tell his story, the veteran afflicted with PTSD relate what brought him to this point or the Marine share her pride in the corps," he said.
The April 25 ordination Mass took place in the Crypt Church of the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington.
Bishop Coyle will serve as episcopal vicar for the eastern half of the U.S. He succeeds Bishop Joseph Estabrook, who died last year.
The Archdiocese for the Military Services provides Catholic pastoral ministries and religious services to members of the U.S. armed forces and their families. It serves more than 220 installations in 29 countries and has responsibility for the pastoral care of more than 1.8 million Catholics.
Born in Brooklyn, N.Y., and ordained to the priesthood in 1991, Bishop Coyle served as a priest of the Diocese of Rockville Centre, N.Y., and pastor of a New York parish before Pope Benedict XVI selected him to become a bishop.
The 48-year-old is a decorated Navy chaplain who served as a command chaplain on the USS Dwight D. Eisenhower aircraft carrier. He also served on the USS Harry Truman aircraft carrier during a deployment to the Persian Gulf. He is a past command chaplain at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy.
In his homily, Archbishop Broglio reminded Bishop Coyle of the need to share the Gospel.
"Like the apostles whose unworthy successors we are, we seek that personal conversion, and then go forth to invite every person to meet the Lord Jesus and discover in him the only path to the fullness of life," he said.
"We never forget that the Good News has a unique and exclusive object: the person, the teaching and the ministry of Jesus, only Messiah and truly the Son of God."
The archbishop also had bracing words about the religious-freedom situation in the United States. Religious-liberty concerns have become increasingly prominent in the military, as chaplains have reported prohibitions, threats and disciplinary action for speaking about the Church's teaching on marriage and homosexuality.
"The fight for the freedom of conscience has reached our shores, and we find ourselves on the front lines. Fidelity to the Gospel has a higher price, and vigilance is necessary," Archbishop Broglio said, adding that "we cannot be blind to the challenges of the present day."
He further reflected on the mission of the Military Archdiocese.
"Very much like the apostles, pastoral ministry in the Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA has the globe as its area of ministry. We are challenged with a shortage of priests, an abundant flock and daunting distances," he said.
"Bishop-elect Coyle, I am grateful for your willingness to accept this ministry and to leave behind the familiar to embrace the nomadic task of pastoral visitation."


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