text:
Summer of '86: Stand By Me, Take Two
The film is an elegy for Chris, and so it became an elegy for the youthfulness and beauty of River Phoenix himself.
During the summer of 1986, my friends and I all thought Stand By Me was the greatest movie ever made, and we were sure it had been made for us, because though the characters in the film were a year or two older than we were, and though the story was set during our parents' teenage years, we could all see ourselves in one of the four main characters. No film had ever seemed more real to me, more true, more beautiful. I was ten years old.
I know I saw Stand By Me in the theater, but I don't remember with whom. Probably a couple of friends and at least one of our parents, because it was rated R and we were years away from being able to go to R movies on our own. How did we ever convince a parent to take us to a movie in which kids swear, smoke, and talk about sex? I have no recollection, but I expect it had something to do with the music.
The summer of '86 for me was the summer of Stand By Me's songs. Before seeing the movie, I scrounged up some money, or wore my parents down with whining, and got the soundtrack on LP. I remember my father's delight with the album. He took a big cardboard box of 45 rpm records out of the closet and showed me the original singles of some of the songs on the album, singles he had bought at a record store when he was the age of Gordie and Chris and Teddy and Vern. I think I wanted the soundtrack because I had seen the music video on MTV, and I had certainly seen the trailer, which was ubiquitous on every channel. The title song was inescapable that summer, and though the brief scene with Corey Feldman and Jerry O'Connell lipsynching "Lollipop" is not in the trailer, I'm sure it was used in promotional materials. That song and Buddy Holly's "Everyday," also used prominently in the film, were two my father was especially nostalgic for.
Stand By Me is for me, then, the world's largest ball of nostalgia—based on Stephen King's story "The Body," in which King deliberately set out to capture some of the events and feelings of his childhood; directed by Rob Reiner, who adjusted the screenplay (by Raynold Gideon and Bruce A. Evans) to focus on the character of Gordie (Wil Wheaton), with whom he most identified; told in both the original novella and the film as a frame story of an adult remembering his childhood; embraced by my and my friends' parents, whose childhoods coincided with those of the characters; adored by us and made into a emblem of our own childhoods, so that now, twenty-five years later, it evokes similar emotions in me to those I expect it evoked in my parents in 1986.
My own nostalgia is intimately connected to something that happened after 1986, however: the death of River Phoenix.
For many people of my generation, especially filmgoing middle-class white kids, Phoenix's death was, I expect, much like the death of James Dean for our parents. We'd had more time with Phoenix, though, than they had with Dean, and we watched him grow up with us. I'd never seen eyes like his, screaming sensitivity, yet also full of humor and anger and, it seemed, every emotion ever felt by anyone anywhere—but not melodramatic, not forced, just what, at ten, I would have considered beautifully, achingly real. I didn't see too many of his other movies, but it didn't matter, because his portrayal of Chris in Stand By Me seared my soul. And then came My Own Private Idaho, which I probably learned about from watching Siskel & Ebert, and which I would have had to somehow sneak a viewing of, for fear my parents might wonder why I was interested in a movie in which two boys kiss. I saw it shortly before Phoenix died in the fall of 1993, and my angsty teenage heart responded to him portraying Mike Waters in the same way my earnest pre-teen heart had responded to him as Chris Chambers in Stand By Me. The feelings were inchoate, but blunt: I wanted to know him, to look into his eyes, to hold his hand. He made camping seem vastly more interesting than I'd ever known it to be.
And then on October 31, 1993, a couple weeks past my eighteenth birthday and a few months into my senior year of high school, River Phoenix died of a drug overdose at The Viper Room. I've never been beyond the airport in Los Angeles, but the facade of The Viper Room stands vivid in my memory and imagination, because I remember watching the news report of Phoenix's death, and the exterior shots of the club were interspersed with stills and scenes from his films, of which Stand By Me and My Own Private Idaho were particularly prominent.
The ending of Stand By Me gained extratextual resonance on that day. The film is an elegy for Chris, and so it became an elegy for the youthfulness and beauty of Phoenix himself. As the adult Gordie (with Richard Dreyfusss's voice) narrates the story of the adult Chris's death, the child Gordie watches the child Chris walk off into the woods and then literally disappear, a ghostly memory gone.
Until deciding to write about it, I had not watched Stand By Me since 1993. It was one of those relics I thought probably best left to childhood. It would, I was sure, seem sentimental and simplistic to me, and even if it didn't, there was no way I could possibly feel as passionately about it as I did in the 1980s, when I not only saw it in the theater and bought the soundtrack, but then bought Different Seasons, the Stephen King collection that includes "The Body" so I could read and reread the story while waiting for the film to be released on videotape. (In the 1980s, there was a large gap between when a film was in theaters and when it was available on home video, months that felt like centuries.)
Thankfully, Stand By Me was not nearly as bad as I thought it might be.
There is, yes, a certain waxiness to it all now, a willfulness that lacks the spontaneity and lightness of a truly great film about children such as The 400 Blows (which is to Stand By Me as The Return of the Seacaucus Seven is to The Big Chill), but the performances remain endearing and the world of soft shadows and gauzy light conjured in cinematographer Thomas Del Ruth's lens could enchant even the most jaundiced eyes. The script is schematic and predictable, but charmingly so, with guileless dialogue that is obviously aware of itself, especially in the mouths of boys for whom four-letter words possess the totemic power of taboo. The narrative has a simple quest structure from which can hang a moment of epiphanic truth and insight for each of the four boys. At the conclusion, Gordie gets a chance to stand up for Chris and himself against the bullies of the world, and so achieve a vision of Manhood at the end of a long tunnel of gawkiness. Their quest complete, the boys go off to their homes as if they are walking into the deepening shade of eternity, as if morning is a myth—and it is, because this is a memory movie, and more than that it is a textualized memory: as Chris fades away, we cut to a green-lettered computer screen, with the narrator's words written out for us to see. Reality is mediated not only by the movie, but by memory metamorphosed into sentences and paragraphs. This is hokum at its most honest.
When I was ten, Stand By Me felt like the apex of realism because I'd never encountered a character who seemed so much like me as Gordie did. Twenty-five years later, it feels real for opposite reasons: for its naked artificiality. It gets right the way we shore up our fading memories by turning them into stories, by setting a soundtrack to them, by finding just the right words for every conversation and just the right lessons for every walk down the railroad tracks.
The last words of Stand By Me appear in silence on the computer screen: "I never had any friends later on like the ones I had when I was twelve. Jesus, does anyone?"
The moment is presented with extraordinary restraint: the words alone, no music, no sound at all. The truth is in the text. Richard Dreyfusss then turns off the computer and walks out the door of his study, off to take kids swimming. He closes the door, his past secured from chaos, his present rich with infinite realities, and the title song plays for the first time with lyrics, as the generations merge in a long shot through a window. It's the window we stand at when we write and when we remember, and as viewers we're placed on its dark side, the people in a movie theater looking at the projected light. Enthralled. Timeless. Reluctant to leave the realm of memory for the mess of all that's on the other side of the exit door where the land is dark and the moon is the only light we'll see.
This article was originally published on The House Next Door.
Interview: Miranda July on Kajillionaire and the Malleability of Movies
The multihyphenate artist discusses why the medium she wants to work in comes before her ideas.
Prior to chatting with Miranda July last week, I was assigned homework—a first in my experience as an interviewer. The multihyphenate artist's team sent over a copy of her decades-spanning monograph (titled, perhaps naturally, Miranda July), which is both a compilation of her output across mediums and a clear line of sight into her creative and collaborative process. And if you've had the chance to read the tome, released by Prestel in April, you will know that July's continued artistic endeavors have rendered it outdated.
July's third feature, Kajillionaire, only represents the tip of the iceberg of her recent interdisciplinary efforts. Over the course of November and December 2019, she crafted a "movie" on Instagram with actress Margaret Qualley. In March, she curated the "Covid International Arts Festival," a celebration of art during quarantine. That was followed by a more self-contained short film, Jopie, edited together from footage she crowdsourced from her Instagram followers during pandemic-related lockdown. And her debut feature, Me and You and Everyone We Know, joined the Criterion Collection this year.
While Kajillionaire might be July's most expensive feature to date, the extra bells and whistles don't come at the expense of her singularly off-kilter perspective. The premise alone, about a family of eccentric thieves living in the margins of Los Angeles, makes the film feel of a piece with a recent wave of cinematic scammers both real (Fyre Festival and Theranos) and imagined (Parasite and Shoplifters). Yet, as filtered through July's unconventional lens, the grift is never the goal of the narrative. The film goes in surprising and poignant directions once the tight-knit team welcomes an affably green newcomer, Melanie (Gina Rodriguez), into their fold, exposing long-simmering tensions between the emotionally stunted Old Dolio (Evan Rachel Wood) and her eccentric parents (Richard Jenkins and Debra Winger).
I spoke to July over the phone as Kajillionaire prepared for a theatrical run prior to hitting VOD in October. Our conversation covered the porous boundaries of what constitutes a movie, why the medium she wants to work in comes before her ideas, as well as why she's confounded by reactions to her latest feature as a work of "genre."
You've been on my side of this exchange before, interviewing Rihanna for The New York Times. I watched the video in the profile where you talked about worrying you might start acting like her? I have a lot of fears when interviewing, but that's not one of them. Where does that stem from exactly?
You're used to watching someone who's such a star like that without them being able to see you. You're just unclear on what you look like, or what you might unconsciously do in front of their face. I sing along to her! Obviously, I'm not going to do that in the moment, but I guess it's just a way of describing the fear being looked back at by someone who really should only go one way.
Cinema as practiced in the traditional model of a narrative feature like Kajillionaire is very much a one-way conversation between you and the audience. But the Instagram project you did with Margaret Qualley is a little more of a two-way conversation because it allows the audience to become a part of it. Especially as so many American cinemas remain closed, do you think this kind of social media cinema could start to kind of supplant or substitute what we traditionally think of as cinema?
Yeah! I feel like we have such insane tools, our phones are really such good cameras. And the means for sharing things. I'm sort of surprised more hasn't been done. I remember right before the pandemic actually saying to someone, "No one's using Live stories [on Instagram]. Like, that's weird! Why is that feature not being used more? Because there's so much that can be done!" Now, that's an example, the pandemic has pushed that forward. I mean, it's a terrible time politically for a pandemic. But in terms of filmmaking and tools [laughs], we are better equipped than we would have been even a few years ago.
As an artist, you seem ahead of the curve in recognizing that social media is a venue for entertainment and storytelling as much as it is for messaging and advertising. As someone who's created art for both social media platforms and traditional cinema, how do you regard them in relation to each other as audiovisual entertainment?
I guess one thing to keep in mind is I'm working in so many mediums. I mean, I used to call my performances "live movies," so I'm not a purist. I'm sort of the opposite of that as far as cinema goes. What I loved about doing that project with Margaret was that it was very immediate and spontaneous. It allowed her a little more agency than an actor would usually have on a set. I couldn't have, like, perfect control over her because she was also living her life. And I would ask, "What are you doing?" She'd be like, "Okay, I'm gonna be at Paris Fashion Week," and we were kind of building things around her real life to some degree. And then, also, it's porous. Like, Jaden [Smith] became involved because I noticed he was following it. He had commented on posts. So I just DMed him, and I said, "Do you want to be part of it? Imagine that, that'd be like a Purple Rose of Cairo-level of cinema if that happened!" It's amazing.
The way you have described your process makes it seem almost cyclical—as if you could never follow making a movie with another movie. What's behind that impulse?
I should say, actually, I do often want to make another movie right away. I think the Margaret thing was a little bit like my muscles are still warm from this. But each of those disciplines is really important to me. And if I don't write another book, I won't keep growing as a writer. I'm really interested in figuring out how to write. It sounds so boring but, like, I don't want to do another movie because that's too long. It's too many years in between, and I'm aware of how finite this life is. I'm really just trying to get to do both.
Is the medium you want to work in where the germ of a project starts? Or does the idea itself determine how it's going to be expressed?
Usually it's the medium because, in a dumb way, I know I need a movie idea when I'm done with a book. So, I'm just kind of a mercenary or something. But then, also, the mediums themselves have different energies and capacities, and they inspire me. If you think of Instagram as a medium, I'm having fun thinking, "What can you actually do there that I couldn't do just now in Kajillionaire?" Or, "What can I do in fiction that would be just terrifying to do if there had to be real people involved?"
I was struck by a quote about Kajillionaire in your monograph that was attributed to Richard Jenkins, but apparently you repeated frequently: "It doesn't necessarily have to be right, it just has to be alive." What does "alive" mean in the context of this film or your art in general?
I think he partly said that to me because I, as a writer-actor, get pretty hung up on my words [being] said exactly how I pictured them. Because I've already acted out all these parts, and I think they know it and can feel it on some level. But that can also go both ways. It makes me really precise, clear, and able to communicate to my crew. I know what I want, but at the same time, there's something that has to be out of your control, free, and kind of unhinged to take flight. I know that even as just a writer: You gotta let go, even of yourself. That was that was so powerful because it's not like I changed my process from the day he said that on, but it emboldened to me to do things that were almost counterintuitive. Just to see what would happen if I could be more alive.
Your previous features have been explicitly about lonely or isolated humans interfacing with technology and contemporary society. That element isn't entirely absent in Kajillionaire, but it seems a little more in the background. Were you consciously trying to approach these themes in a more oblique way?
Well, I'm never thinking that there's a theme that I have interest [in]. But I had become a mother since my last movie, that was influencing me and making me a little more conscious of what parenting means, the sort of inherent tyranny within family structures. I think I was influenced by writing a novel that, while it wasn't like a heist story, did have sort of twists, turns, and reveals. I knew I wanted to do that in a feature film.
You've talked about the narcissism of the Dyne parents being one of their defining characteristics, and it got me thinking about how the trait seems to be generational. When people say millennials are narcissists, for example, that's largely a reflection of the fact that they were raised by boomers, who are often categorized as narcissists. Was that something you were looking to explore through the film?
When you're only a daughter, if you're not yet—or are never going to be—a mother, then you just have this sense of parenting as almost like God or something. It's only something you can shake your fist at. And then, once you're on the other side of it, it's like, "Well, hold on this thing that's your whole childhood, this was just like a series of decisions I made because I was in a weird place in my life—some of them conscious, some of them accidental." The whole thing doesn't hold water so tightly as it does when you're on the other side of it. That seemed kind of criminal to me. I mean, not to be too literal. And then also it seems like the child's job is to betray the parents, like that's inherent and will always happen. Yes, all these things are made more explicit and heightened in the movie, but I think I was feeling them in a gut, new way in the years that I was conceiving of the movie.
I've noticed a repeated sticking point of yours: female directors are so often asked about whether their work is autobiographical because people, consciously or not, presume that men create while women just reflect. With Kajillionaire, where you aren't in front of the camera as a performer, has that experience changed at all?
Yeah, maybe it helps that I'm not in it. But people love saying I've made a genre movie, and that seems really male. Which, to me, is so funny because it's a pretty emo heist movie. It becomes abundantly female by the end. But, yeah, I don't know. I mean, I think I'm getting asked probably a lot more about, like, "Is that my family?" than the Ocean's 11 people are being asked that. The funny thing is it's not that I don't think personal stuff is interesting. You just want men to be asked the same thing.
Review: Beginning Is a Transfixing Study of a Woman's Faith Being Tested
The low-key, serene natural beauty of Beginning's setting provides a counterpoint to the often-disturbing events of the film.3
Dea Kulumbegashvili's Beginning centers around a Jehovah's Witness missionary, Yana (Ia Sukhitashvili), who lives with her husband, David (Rati Oneli), and young son in a remote village in the mountains outside of Tbilisi. The close-knit community they tend to faces extreme prejudice and persecution from the local Orthodox Christian majority, as illustrated in the film's startling opening. After seeing and hearing nothing for a minute or so, except the sound of a woman whispering, apparently in prayer, we glimpse congregants entering a small chapel. A sermon plays out in a static, unbroken shot from the rear of the room, before being interrupted by petrol bombs thrown through the chapel's doors, eventually sending the building up in flames. Abruptly transitioning from reflective, communal peace to shock and panic, the scene casts a long shadow over the subsequent events, suffusing even the calmest, most intimate scenes with a sense of uncertainty and tension.
The attack also functions as an indirect representation of the senseless violence at the core of the Old Testament story of Isaac, which is the passage being discussed by the congregation before they're forced to flee. Foreshadowing another shocking event late in the film, one that shows the imperceptible force of religious scripture weighing on the characters, this blurring of boundaries between spiritual imagination and reality reveals itself to be a key theme of the narrative. As the children of the community learn Bible stories and verses in preparation for their upcoming baptism ceremony, their carefree attitude and weak grasp of the basics of their religion is contrasted with the heavy moral burden that Yana and her husband have placed upon themselves. As seriously as Beginning treats their faith, we're also given a sense of the apparent futility of their mission, and the sacrifices they have made for it.
The aftermath of the burning of the chapel leads to more personal trauma for Yana, who faces an uphill struggle against various abuses of power, institutional failures, and societal prejudice, while seeking a new purpose in life and trying to stay true to her religious convictions. Holding together many of the film's long, often dialogue-free scenes is an impressive performance by Sukhitashvili, who balances vulnerability with a kind of opaque self-possession, never allowing us to grasp the full extent of Yana's motivations. As traumatized as the woman is by what befalls her and her community, she also appears frustrated by her victimization, by her husband's inaction in the face of injustice, and by her own diminished prospects since she abandoned her former career as an aspiring actress. A visit to her mother also reveals a family history of male neglect, which is a particular type of behavior that she apparently feels obliged to overcome by whatever means necessary.
Though a strictly minimalist approach means that her visual motifs emerge organically from the action, Kulumbegashvili makes a few unexpected, rather Hanekian compositional choices that break with the film's sense of naturalism to more explicitly wring allegorical significance from certain sequences. Early on, Beginning introduces its main antagonist, an unnamed detective played by Kakha Kintsurashvili, in the extreme foreground, appearing unexpectedly from the right of the frame after a nighttime shot of the still-smoldering church fire gradually goes out of focus. He then walks off toward the fire raging in the distant background as Yana's son and the other local children curiously follow him. The eerie religious symbolism here is subtle enough to keep the film grounded in the material world, while still hinting at an undercurrent of spirituality and superstition beneath its austere surface.
The low-key, serene natural beauty of Beginning's setting provides a counterpoint to the often-disturbing events of the film, most obviously in one extended scene of a rape whose sounds are completely drowned out by the gentle burbling of the river shallows where it takes place. The idea of a god whose silence both challenges and affirms religious faith is driven home forcefully here. Indeed, the sensorial environment that Kulumbegashvili builds with a rich, naturalistic sound design, as well as the feeling of stasis created by the film's glacial pacing, could qualify it as an example of what Paul Schrader has referred to as the "transcendental style." And though Beginning is a lot less ostentatious than Schrader's First Reformed, it does share that film's intense focus, and a central theme of faith being tested. Both even conclude with a surprising tonal shift, accompanying a pivot in their protagonists' behavior from a tightly controlled precision toward a mystical catharsis.
The introduction of a kind of magic realism at the end of Beginning is simultaneously jarring and strangely logical, following from its ambient mood of quiet spiritual intensity and haunting dread. A harrowing final narrative development is left ambiguous and unresolved by Kulumbegashvili, after which the filmmaker abruptly cuts to an uncanny sequence in which holy retribution seems to be delivered by the landscape itself. Demonstrating the extent of Yana's resilience in facing the most extreme and personal tests of faith, and her willingness to sacrifice everything for her community, Kulumbegashvili vividly imagines powerlessness and despair being transformed into a supernatural, redemptive force.
Cast: Ia Sukhitashvili, Rati Oneli, Kakha Kintsurashvili, Saba Gogichaishvili Director: Dea Kulumbegashvili Screenwriter: Dea Kulumbegashvili, Rati Oneli Running Time: 125 min Rating: NR Year: 2020
Review: Tragic Jungle Turns a Woman's Exploitation into a Potent Allegory
It operates in an ambiguous register, suggesting that a woman is working in unison with nature to dole out revenge for their exploitation.3
Yulene Olaizola's Tragic Jungle begins with Mexican chicleros scaling and notching huge trees in order to collect their sap. As the men hack away with their machetes, the zigzagging patterns they leave on the trees bring to mind injuries of flesh and blood, an impression underscored by the pinkish living part that's revealed beneath the surface of the bark. Though this practice of collecting gum sap dates all the way to the Aztec and Mayan empires, the sight of the workers silently and miserably toiling for their boss feels like a demonstration of the unfettered agency of colonial capitalism, and as the milky sap trickles down the paths carved by the machetes, the trees suggest victims crying out for justice.
Set in the 1920s on the border between Mexico and Belize (at this time still part of the larger British territory of Honduras), the film then jumps across the Rio Hondo that divides both nations to track the clandestine movement of Agnes (Indira Andrewin), who's running away from an arranged marriage to a white settler with the help of her sister, Florence (Shantai Obispo), and a guide, Norm (Cornelius McLaren). Dressed in virginal white, Agnes stands out against the greens of the jungle, and while all three characters are Belizean, they exist at a remove from their immediate surroundings, as they all speak perfect, unaccented English.
The film's first act concerns itself with Agnes's attempted escape and the power differentials at play in this world. When the woman's prospective husband, Cacique (Dale Carley), shows up to her home for the wedding, he does so flanked by guards toting shotguns, as if he already expected some kind of resistance. And though Norm instructed the women to cover their tracks, they're quickly found, and the juxtaposition between Norm arduously rowing a canoe and Cacique and his men arriving suddenly on the scene via motorboat speaks volumes about the hopeless futility of escaping this man and the imperial might that he represents. Furious at Agnes's betrayal, Cacique doesn't even attempt to retrieve his runaway bride, instead having his men open fire on her, killing Norm and Florence and leaving her for dead.
This narrative arc plays out as a vicious critique of colonialism, but Tragic Jungle takes a dramatic turn when the unconscious Agnes is found by the chicleros. The sight of the sleeping beauty flanked by the hard laborers suggests an image out of Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and the initial scenes between the English-speaking woman and the Spanish-speaking men make for awkward, amusing interactions, albeit ones also charged with sexual tension, as some of the men aren't devoted to protecting her virtue. Agnes herself, who earlier acknowledged her sexual inexperience and curiosity to her sister, is at once apprehensive and receptive to the callous advances of the more aggressive workers. The convoluted sexual politics that arise from her excitement and fear complicate subsequent scenes where sexual violation becomes indistinguishable from fantasy.
As if sparked by Agnes's ambiguous responses to her sexual encounters, the film foists itself into a mythic realm in its final act, with the chicleros who get closest to her falling ill or dying under mysterious circumstances. As a result, the men start to regard Agnes as the female demon Xtabay of Yucatec Mayan myth. Sofia Oggioni's cinematography up to this point stressed the verdant hyperreality of the jungle and the ways that the characters at once mesh with their environment and are in conflict with it; an earlier shot of Agnes asleep under the chicleros' mosquito netting is lit in such a way that she appears encased in spiderwebs, in a limbo state until she's devoured. But the visuals become even more hypnotic as the men start to fret over their new ward, with colors growing brighter during the day, and nighttime shots losing a bit of their sharpness as Agnes's interactions with the men, once marked by obvious menace, become more difficult to parse. In one jarring moment, an imaginative use of CGI distorts the woman's features to acknowledge the extent to which the film has been turned on its head into a work of horror with no easily identifiable foe or hero.
Andrewin, too, modulates her performance in fascinating ways, lacing Agnes's indeterminate passivity with hints of smirking malice that challenge all preconceived notions of the character. Tragic Jungle never becomes a full-on horror film, but Olaizola engages with indigenous legends and colonial history across a story where misogyny is turned against the patriarchy in ways that recall recent genre offerings like The Witch. Compared to that film's turn toward the outright macabre, though, Tragic Jungle operates in a dreamier, more ambiguous register. It suggests that Agnes is working in unison with nature to dole out revenge for their exploitation against men who second-guess their fears and superstitions until they realize too late they should have trusted their instincts from the start.
Cast: Indira Andrewin, Gilberto Barraza, Mariano Tun Xool, Gabino Rodríguez, Eligio Meléndez, Eliseo Mancilla de la Cruz, Dale Carley, Shantai Obispo, Nedal Mclaren Director: Yulene Olaizola Screenwriter: Yulene Olaizola, Rubén Imaz
Review: Kajillionaire Whimsically and Sincerely Reflects on Family Ties
Although its crime-caper structure is worn extremely lightly, Kajillionaire represents Miranda July's first real flirtation with genre.3
Early in Kajillionaire, the third feature by Miranda July, a building manager explains that "I have no filters!" as he tearfully confronts the cash-strapped protagonists to ask for the rent that they owe. This line works as both a mea culpa and a defiant declaration from July herself. The willfully naïve sincerity of her work has as many detractors as devoted fans, and her choice to give such quirky emotional openness to an incidental character like this is unlikely to change anyone's mind. However, July's latest effort also shows potential elsewhere to convince a few of her more world-weary cynics, who might have previously seen cloying self-consciousness where others see a broad humanist perspective.
Kajillionaire is notably more driven by narrative than July's previous two films, Me and You and Everyone We Know and The Future, which were mostly content to observe slices of life, searching for transcendence in the everyday. Here, a more contrived story concerns a dysfunctional family composed of disheveled, small-time grifters Robert (Richard Jenkins), Theresa (Debra Winger), and their introverted daughter, Old Dolio (Evan Rachel Wood), who see their fortunes change slightly when they encounter worldly and assertive Melanie (Gina Rodriguez). The thirtysomething Melanie finds herself drawn to their criminal lifestyle, as laughably low-key as it might be, and helps them with a new set of scams.
Although its crime-caper structure is worn extremely lightly, Kajillionaire represents July's first real flirtation with genre, and it's also the first occasion that she hasn't given herself a leading role. The multi-hyphenate artist has explored a multitude of perspectives and personalities throughout all her work, but this feels like the first time, at least in her films, that we're seeing characters who aren't projections of some aspect of her psyche.
This new focus succeeds in putting her considerable storytelling talents on display more clearly than ever before. Instead of blowing up mundane quandaries and conflicts to an existential scale, July shows us people who are doing their best to maintain the unconventional daily grind they've found themselves on. We're only given glimpses of their internal conflicts, and they're all the more relatable for it. And while it would perhaps be a stretch to say that the clan's comical grifting has any real-world political relevance, they do seem to be a reflection of their times, particularly in repeated scenes of them going to absurd lengths to avoid the aforementioned building manager's demands for rent.
Indeed, the financial precarity and itinerant lifestyle of the central figures in Kajillionaire can be seen as a logical next step in July's filmmaking trajectory, from neurotic suburban eccentricity and confused sexual awakenings (Me and You and Everyone We Know), through urban millennial angst and impending mortality (The Future). There's a sense of real-world responsibilities and necessities progressively encroaching on innocence and insularity, and the conflict between these two poles also proves to be the emotional core of Kajillionaire.
Childhood, and particularly immature sexuality, has always been a key theme of July's work. Here, she adopts an interesting alternative perspective, imagining a character who was denied this whole phase of their life. Old Dolio was part of Richard and Theresa's money-making schemes since before she was even born (one of the film's best throwaway gags reveals that she was named after a homeless man who won the lottery, in exchange for an inheritance that never materialized). She received none of the traditional trappings of parental affection, being treated more like a respected accomplice and business partner than a beloved child.
Wood's hilarious, affecting performance convincingly sells this slightly on-the-nose premise. She depicts a woman with a niche set of skills and a shaky sense of pride in her independence, whose repressed emotions are peeking through the surface at almost every moment. When Old Dolio reluctantly redeems a gift voucher for a massage, following an unsuccessful effort to claim its cash value, there's a memorable shot of her face seen through the hole in a massage table, as this rare instance of physical contact causes a single tear to fall from her eye. Here, July's underrated visual sense serves to bring us closer to a character, in contrast to the distancing effect of her more Michel Gondry-esque flights of fancy (such as the nightly stream of pink foam that comes through the wall of the office space where the family crashes).
Toward the end of the film, there's some more unintentional provocation to the haters, when Melanie points out that "most happiness comes from dumb things." This is a more direct version of the soul-searching aphorisms that usually pepper July's dialogue, and could also be a comment on the atypically conventional way that she concludes Kajillionaire, as Old Dolio finally opens up to a cathartic, hard-won moment of intimacy with another person. Whether you can allow yourself a similar embrace of July's indigo child honesty is still a matter of taste. But, almost two decades on from the early-2000s whimsical bohemia that she epitomized, her latest at least functions as a nostalgic reminder of a time when a lot of us could.
Cast: Evan Rachel Wood, Gina Rodriguez, Richard Jenkins, Debra Winger, Patricia Belcher, Kim Estes, Da'vine Joy Randolph, Rachel Redleaf Director: Miranda July Screenwriter: Miranda July Distributor: Focus Features Running Time: 104 min Rating: R Year: 2020
Review: Tate Taylor's Ava Doesn't Lack for Star Power, Only Narrative Thrills
Ava isn't only banal, but also, in its half-hearted stabs at novel ideas, seemingly content with its banality.1
Action thrillers don't get much more generic than Tate Taylor's Ava, which tells of a veteran assassin being hunted down by the shadowy organization that employs her. If there's a twist here, it's that Ava (Jessica Chastain) is a recovering alcoholic trying to mend her family relationships while fending off attackers after she becomes too careless in the field. But even this thread of family drama is as uninspiring as the film's thriller trappings. Because Ava never bothers to articulate how its eponymous character's secret professional life affects her personal life, and vice versa, or even the emotional and psychological toll that such a delicate balancing act must take on her, it's difficult not to see Ava's alcoholism as a superficial affectation, a transparent means of making her seem "complicated" as a character.
Ava's interactions with her mother, Bobbi (Geena Davis), and sister, Judy (Jess Weixler), are marked by a sassy repartee that feels inconsistent with the film's otherwise gritty atmosphere, though the relaxed nature of these moments gives the impression that Taylor is more at ease handling this aspect of the narrative. A music-free and exhausting fight scene between Ava's handler, Duke (John Malkovich), and their superior, Simon (Colin Farrell), where the sound is amplified to emphasize the brutal physicality of every punching, bone-crunching hit, would make for mesmerizing cinema if not for the fact that the film's action sequences are borderline incomprehensible, all frenetic camera movement and erratic editing.
Chastain, at least, proves to be a compelling presence, as she admirably tries to elevate the flimsy, one-note material—most notably in later scenes where her subtle expressions convey Ava's failing attempts to fight back the emotions that are getting the better of her projected stoicism. But the performance isn't worthy of the film, which is likely to leave audiences wondering how it even managed to attract so much A-level talent. For Ava isn't only banal, but also, in its half-hearted stabs at novel ideas, seemingly content with its banality.
Cast: Jessica Chastain, John Malkovich, Colin Farrell, Common, Jess Weixler, Geena Davis, Diana Silvers, Joan Chen Director: Tate Taylor Screenwriter: Matthew Newton Distributor: Vertical Entertainment Running Time: 96 min Rating: R Year: 2020
Review: Time Is an Oblique Look at Black Lives Undone by the Prison System
The film reminds us that behind the numbers and procedures of a court case are actual lives existing in actual, human time.3.5
If you want to argue that the law enforcement, criminal justice, and penal systems in the U.S. are badly in need of reform, a first instinct may be to point to the hundreds of felony sentences that have been overturned in the last few decades due to wrongful convictions. Arguing that a man was justly convicted but nevertheless victimized by the carceral state—getting people to accept a guilty man as a locus of sympathy—is a taller order, but it's just what Garrett Bradley does, in plain but morally forceful terms, in her documentary Time.
The man in question is Robert Richardson, convicted along with his wife, Sibil, of robbing a credit union in Shreveport, Louisiana on the morning of September 16, 1997. At the time, the couple had four sons, and Sibil was pregnant with twin boys. Considering her situation, Sibil took a plea bargain and was sentenced to 12 years, though she was out on parole after only three-and-a-half. Meanwhile, Robert was sentenced to 65 years without parole.
Bradley doesn't, and perhaps doesn't need to, trot out statistics to make the case that Robert's draconian sentence represents a perpetuation of anti-Black racism. She's got the receipts: years of home-video diaries that Sibil recorded for Robert as she worked tirelessly to support her family while also trying to secure legal motions for his re-sentencing. All the while, their boys grew up without their father. Time opens with a montage of these home videos, set to Tsegue-Maryam's whirl-a-gig piano piece "The Mad Man's Laughter": Sibil waking the twins for the first day of school; observing them playing in the snow; riding rollercoasters with them; filming them play at a pool party; and giving them lectures on work ethic at school.
At the end of the documentary, we see some of this footage again, of Robert and Sibil's boys at play and growing up, only this time run in reverse. The camera performs an act that for Sibil and her family is impossible, rolling back the lost years, completing the story's happy ending. Matching the black and white of Sibil's home movies, Bradley's new footage captures the culmination of the herculean efforts that eventually get Robert released after 21 years. But, of course, Robert's return can't restore lost time, like the camera seems to.
Bradley's film gives us glimpses into the status of the family as it stands in the weeks leading up to Robert's release. Now living in New Orleans, the boys are in the process of striking out on their own. The youngest, twins Justus and Freedom, are diligent college students, and at one point we catch glimpses of one's poli-sci debate and another's dedicated French study. An elder brother, Richard, is on the cusp of graduating medical school. "Success is the best revenge," Sibil muses at one point, as she waits in her office for a call from a judge.
The film's title evokes "doing time," but we don't see Robert actually serving his sentence; instead, we feel its duration in the gap it's left in his family's life, and in their words we're offered an oblique commentary on the history of Black incarceration. "It's almost like slavery time, like the white man keep you there until he figures it's time for you to get out," Robert's mother avers to the camera. It's a statement that could serve as a succinct summary of Michelle Alexander's The New Jim Crow, though it's delivered with the extemporaneity and subdued anguish of lived observation rather than with muted scholarly precision.
Bradley's film is about feeling time, about conveying some idea of what 21 years feels like to someone else. In images of the almost imperceptible movement of clouds over New Orleans, Barrett finds a lyrical metaphor for time's ineffability—as well as for abiding faith in the eventuality of grace ("God looks over the sparrows, Sibil. He's going to look over us," Sibil recalls Robert saying to her after his sentencing). Far more than a polemic against the prison-industrial complex, Time reminds us in eminently cinematic ways that behind the numbers and procedures of a court case are actual lives existing in actual, human time.
Director: Garrett Bradley Distributor: Amazon Studios Running Time: 81 min Rating: NR Year: 2020
The Best Horror Movies on Netflix Right Now
These great horror films are currently streaming on Netflix.
Ever since audiences ran screaming from the premiere of Auguste and Louis Lumière's 1895 short black-and-white silent documentary Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat, the histories of filmgoing and horror have been inextricably intertwined. Through the decades—and subsequent crazes for color and sound, stereoscopy and anamorphosis—since that train threatened to barrel into the front row, there's never been a time when audiences didn't clamor for the palpating fingers of fear. Horror films remain perennially popular, despite periodic (and always exaggerated) rumors of their demise, even in the face of steadily declining ticket sales and desperately shifting models of distribution.
Into the new millennium, horror films have retained their power to shock and outrage by continuing to plumb our deepest primordial terrors and incarnate our sickest, most socially unpalatable fantasies. They are, in what amounts to a particularly delicious irony, a "safe space" in which we can explore these otherwise unfathomable facets of our true selves, while yet consoling ourselves with the knowledge that "it's only a movie."
At the same time, the genre manages to find fresh and powerful metaphors for where we're at as a society and how we endure fractious, fearful times. For every eviscerated remake or toothless throwback, there's a startlingly fresh take on the genre's most time-honored tropes; for every milquetoast PG-13 compromise, there's a ferocious take-no-prisoners attempt to push the envelope on what we can honestly say about ourselves. And some of our favorites are currently streaming on Netflix. Budd Wilkins
10. The Blackcoat's Daughter (2015)
The Blackcoat's Daughter has a sad, macabre integrity. Kiernan Shipka, Lucy Boynton, Emma Roberts, Lauren Holly, and James Remar are poignant in their minimalist roles, and writer-director Oz Perkins arranges their characters in a cleverly constructed narrative prism that simultaneously dramatizes violence and its aftermath in an endless chain reaction of perpetual cause and effect. And the carnage, when it arrives, is staged with an aura of guttural bitterness that refuses to give gore-hounds their jollies, elaborating, instead, on the desolation of the characters committing the acts. When the demons appear in the film, and in terrifyingly fleeting glimpses, Perkins understands them to spring from the deepest chasms of human despair. Bowen
9. 1922 (2017)
In 1922, Wilfred James (Thomas Jane) initially scans as a broadly brutish characterization given by an actor looking to disrupt his handsomely aloof image, following a cinematic tradition of expressively filthy, monosyllabic and flamboyantly antisocial characters such as Daniel Plainview and Karl Childers. Though Jane's dramatization of rage is haunting and shrewdly comical in its overt and ultimately moving über-manliness. The casual violence of Wilfred's physicality is subtly calibrated, particularly the tension in his muscled back as he drinks lemonade on the porch after a hard day of murder. Complementing Jane's portrait of coiled wrath, Molly Parker physicalizes the fear that informs every minute wrinkle of Arlette's relationship with her husband, which the character attempts to paper over with bravado, inadvertently sealing her doom. Arlette is one of countless women who're damned if they do and if they don't, yet somehow the men are able to rationalize themselves as the victims. 1922 informs Stephen King's pulp feminism with primordial, biblically ugly force. Bowen
8. The Invitation (2015)
The Invitation filters each sinister development through Will's (Logan Marshall-Green) unreliable perspective, to the point that one friend's failure to turn up at a lavish dinner, or another's precipitous departure, appear as if submerged, changing with each shift in the emotional current. Returning to the rambling house where he and Eden once lived for the first time since the death of their son, Will finds himself inundated anew by his heartache, and the film, which otherwise hews to crisp, clean realism, is run through with these painful stabs of memory. Eden slashes her wrists in the kitchen sink, the sounds of children playing emanate from the empty yard, inane talk of the Internet's funny cats and penguins becomes white noise against Will's screaming: The question of whether or not to trust his sense of foreboding is perhaps not so open as director Karyn Kusama and company might wish, but against the terrors of continuing on after losing a child, the issue of narrative suspense is almost immaterial. Matt Brennan
7. Sinister (2012)
Scott Derrickson's Sinister isn't a period piece, but by directing its attention backward it brackets its chosen tech-horror particulars as products of a bygone era—in this case considerably further back than the period of tube TVs and quarter-inch tapes to which this subgenre of horror so often belongs. Much like Ringu, Sinister concerns a cursed film whose audience dies after exposure to it, but here the curse is disseminated not by clunky videotape, but by a box of 8mm films. The projector, more than simply outmoded, is regarded here as practically archaic, and as with Berberian Sound Studio and its reel-to-reel fetishism, Sinister makes quite a show of the mechanics of the machine, soaking in the localized details and milking them for their weighty physicality. Even the format's deficiencies, from the rickety hum of sprockets to the instability of the frame, are savored by what seems like a nostalgic impulse—a fondness for the old-fashioned that even transforms the rough, granular quality of the haunted films themselves into something like pointillist paintings of the macabre. Calum Marsh
6. Session 9 (2001)
As in real estate, the three most important factors in Brad Anderson's brooding Session 9 are: location, location, location. The filmmakers have hit upon something special with the Danvers State Mental Hospital, whose sprawling Victorian edifice looms large over the narrative: A motley crew of asbestos-removal workers, led by matrimonially challenged Gordon (Peter Mullan), run afoul of a baleful, possibly supernatural, influence within its decaying walls. Anderson uses to brilliant effect a series of archived audio recordings—leading up to the titular "breakthrough" session—that document a disturbing case of split personality. While the film doesn't entirely stick its murderous finale, no one who hears those scarifying final lines of dialogue will soon forget them. Wilkins
5. Before I Wake (2016)
Director Mike Flanagan's Before I Wake hints—in flashes—at a remarkably cruel psychodrama, physicalizing one of the worst and most common fears that orphans share: that they're awful and unlovable, and therefore undeserving of parents. This fear is similar to the terror that parents have of inadvertently destroying or disappointing their children, and Flanagan unites these anxieties with a ghoulishly inventive plot turn that he doesn't fully explore. Flanagan is deeply invested in Cody's (Jacob Tremblay) welfare, to the point of rigidly signifying the various manifestations of the boy's nightmares, pigeonholing irrationality into a rational framework so as to justify a moving yet literal-minded finale. Chaos could've opened Before I Wake up, allowing it to breathe, though Flanagan's beautiful and empathetic film cannot be taken for granted. Bowen
4. The Evil Dead (1981)
The Evil Dead still feels like the punchiest horror flick this side of a Dario Argento giallo. Sam Raimi relentlessly fashions the film's first half as a creepy-crawly sweat chamber with evil seemingly taking the form of an omniscient, roaming camera, gleefully poking fun at his five protagonists along the way. Despite the signs—the difficult-to-start vehicle, the fallen bridge—no one else believes the woods are alive. Ash (Bruce Campbell), horrordom's most memorable wuss, and his girlfriend, Linda (Betsy Baker), share an intimate, peek-a-boo moment in which he gives her a necklace, and when he's later forced to kill her, Raimi takes great joy in referencing this coquettish exchange of affection. Now infamous for its over-the-top gore and cheesy effects sequences, The Evil Dead is most impressive for Raimi's unnerving wide angle work and his uncanny, almost unreal ability to suggest the presence of intangible evil via distant headlights, bleeding light sockets, and, in the film's most awesome set piece, a simple game of cards. Gonzalez
3. The Guest (2014)
The Guest is carried by an intense and surprising mood of erotic melancholia. Adam Wingard leans real heavy on 1980s—or 1980s-sounding—music in the grandly, outwardly wounded key of Joy Division, and he accompanies the music with visual sequences that sometimes appear to stop in their tracks for the sake of absorbing the soundtrack. The film is a nostalgia act for sure, particularly for The Hitcher, but it injects that nostalgia with something hard, sad, and contemporary, or, perhaps more accurately, it reveals that our hang-ups—disenfranchisement, rootlessness, war-mongering, hypocritical evasion—haven't changed all that much since the 1980s, or ever. Bowen
2. Poltergeist (1982)
Tobe Hooper is officially credited for having directed Poltergeist, but it's co-scripter Steven Spielberg's fingerprints that are all over this dark-mirror image of E.T. and Close Encounters of a Third Kind, about unseen spirits tormenting a suburban family. It's structured as an escalating series of reveals, from the frisson elicited by inexplicably mobile furniture on up to third-act hysteria derived from birth imagery, child peril, and the eternal creep factor of video snow in a dark room. Hooper's Grand Guignol flourishes are occasionally evident, particularly when a paranormal investigator pulls his own face off, but the technical proficiency is all Spielberg's, as is the abiding interest in families and the influences (supernatural or otherwise) that disrupt them. Abhimanyu Das
1. The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
Detective thrillers often concern contests of male ego, involving brilliant investigators who confront physically superior and equally brilliant psychopaths. Often lost among such face-offs are considerations of the lives that are destroyed and ruined over the course of the narratives, as these thrillers exist to evoke and satisfy our own fears and resentments. By contrast, Jonathan Demme's The Silence of the Lambs is grounded in the psyche of a ferocious yet unproven female protagonist, whose thoughtful fragility intensifies the film's violence, invigorating it with a sense of dread and violation. The film is a strange and still novel mixture of coming-of-age character study, murder mystery, and Grand Guignol horror spectacle. Bowen
Review: Victor Kossakovsky's Gunda Is the Eraserhead of Animal Documentaries
In Kossakovsky's latest, common farm animals have rarely seemed so un-human.2.5
On paper, Victor Kossakovsky's Gunda, a wordless documentary about the everyday life of a few farm animals—a mama pig, two cows, a one-legged chicken—may suggest a quiet idyll in the vein of the goatherding sequences from Michelangelo Frammartino's Le Quattro Volte. But with its stark, forbidding black-and-white cinematography and dense, unsettling sound design, the film resembles nothing so much as Eraserhead.
The newborn piglets in Kossakovsky's film, whose faces look surprisingly alien-like in extreme close-up and whose aching squeals can be rather unnerving, even at times resemble the baby from David Lynch's cult classic. By eschewing the Disneyfied anthropomorphism of Luc Jacquet's March of the Penguins and the tidy narrativizing of the Planet Earth series, Kossakovsky refuses to resort to the old cliché that animals are "just like us." They're not, really. And in Gunda, common farm animals have rarely seemed so un-human.
Which isn't to say that we don't form a relationship with these creatures. Relying heavily on shallow-focus shots often positioned near ground level—and thus close to its subjects' eyeline—the film gives us something of the experience of being a farm animal: of grazing in a field, caring for a newborn, and aimelessly roaming around a farm. As in his prior work, Kossakovsky trusts his audience to stick with the film through lengthy shots where nothing in particular seems to be happening until, gradually, a miniature narrative begins to emerge. But while ¡Vivan las Antipodas! and Aquarela played out largely in a series of breathtakingly composed long shots that allowed the audience to drink in the scenery of various international locales, in Gunda, Kossakovsky follows the opposite impulse: pulling his camera in as close as he can get to these animals and keeping their environment largely out of frame.
In the film's harrowing and unusual opening shot, a hog that's lying down and seemingly in pain is framed by a barn door. Kossakovsky's camera closes in with a slow Kubrickian zoom, but we don't quite understand what's happening here until a tiny newborn piglet emerges from behind its mother. She's been giving birth, but Kossakovsky treats this usually joyous moment as if it were a death scene. Only by the film's end do we truly understand why.
Sadly, the rest of Gunda is rarely so meticulously composed. The film's meandering sequences tend to grow repetitive, only rarely crystallizing into meaningful or memorable form. There's a tedium to much of Gunda that may be true to the lives of its animal subjects but makes for dull watching after the first hour. The scenes involving the mother pig and her children exert a fascinating pull—particularly the mother's sometimes brutal parenting tactics, such as when she stomps on the runt of her litter—but the sequences involving the chickens and the cows feel like filler and a distraction from the pigs, who are the emotional core of the film.
As Gunda lurches toward its close, an impending sense of doom starts to hover over it as we begin to realize just how much these animals' lives are directed, controlled, and circumscribed by human hands. But there's an unfortunate lack of specificity here that's rare in Kossakovsky's work: Though shot across three different countries (Norway, Spain, and the U.K.), the film feels as though it's all taking place on a single farm, one that could be located almost anywhere. That universality is undoubtedly the point, as Gunda isn't simply an observational documentary, but one with a message about the cruelty of livestock agriculture. Though the creatures at its center live in relatively pleasant free-range environments, a far cry from the industrial hellscapes denounced by documentaries like Food, Inc. and vividly depicted as essentially a death camp in Bong Joon-ho's Okja, they're ultimately objects of exploitation. The human use of animals for livestock is, the film suggests, inherently brutal. If Gunda never subjects us to gruesome images of slaughter à la Georges Franju's Blood of the Beasts, it nevertheless closes with a prolonged single-shot sequence that's more heartbreaking than any depiction of the goings-on in an abattoir ever captured on film.
In this sequence, a truck pulls up to the barn where the pigs live and drives off with the piglets, leaving the mama pig in a state of grief-stricken perplexity. For minutes on end, we watch her pacing around, clearly distressed and unable to fathom why her piglets have been taken from her. It's the kind of viscerally upsetting moment that, as Orson Welles said of Leo McCarey's Make Way for Tomorrow, would make a stone cry. And if this conclusion doesn't quite make up for Gunda's fundamental monotonousness, it does at least lend some shape and significance to the rambling sequences that precede it, calling into question how free these free-range animals really are. By the time the credits roll on the film, we realize we've been watching not so much a sketch of the lives of farm animals as a threnody for their deaths.
Director: Victor Kossakovsky Screenwriter: Victor Kossakovsky, Ainara Vera Distributor: Neon Running Time: 93 min Rating: NR Year: 2020
Review: Werner Herzog's Fireball: Visitors from Darker Worlds
The documentary's ethnographic bent is balanced out by a healthy dose of hard science.3
Filmmaker Werner Herzog and volcanologist Clive Oppenheimer team up again for Fireball: Visitors from Darker Worlds, which stands as something of a companion piece to their previous collaboration, 2016's Into the Inferno. Where the earlier film followed them on a globetrotting game of hopscotch to gaze into the hellmouth abyss of active volcanoes (and obsess over them with a motley crew of visionary scientists), their latest finds them looking to the skies for trailblazers of a completely different sort.
Herzog and Oppenheimer once again dash off to various far-flung destinations in order to investigate the multifaceted phenomena surrounding asteroids and meteorites, with each of the film's episodes loosely strung together like so many gaudy beads on a necklace. What emerges is the fact that these extraterrestrial entities represent both bringers of life, having conceivably contributed basic organic building blocks to our planet's primordial inorganic "soup," as well as harbingers of disaster and death, as in the impact on the Yucatan peninsula that brought about the mass extinction of the dinosaurs.
Indeed, that prehistoric event serves as a sort of epicenter for Fireball, to which Herzog and Oppenheimer return at several points. The film opens with footage from a Day of the Dead ceremony in Mérida, Yucatan—crowds adorned with the requisite black-and-white skeleton makeup—that finds its direct echo at about the midway point when we visit Chichén Itzá and discover a forecourt there that's decorated with numerous skeletal figures.
The symbolic duality of the meteorite is made most manifest at a stop at the Ramgarh crater in India. At its center stands a 10th-century temple to the god Shiva, whose cosmic dance regulates the cycles of creation and destruction across vast stretches of time. The meteorite's significance to other belief systems is illustrated by a visit to the Kaaba in Mecca, Islam's most sacred site. (Here, the filmmakers had to rely on amateur cellphone footage, since nonbelievers aren't allowed near the shrine.) And at the Wolfe Creek crater, aboriginal artist Katie Darkie discusses taking inspiration from folklore and legends involving the impact site.
The film's ethnographic bent is balanced out by a healthy dose of hard science. As usual for a Herzog documentary, the focus is just as much on the scientists themselves as it is on their pursuits. We learn all about quasicrystal structures via a jigsaw puzzle, take a tour of the Center for Meteorite Studies with a jittery scientist who's especially loathe to drop any of the precious collection, and visit the Pan-STARRS Observatory in Hawaii, where scientists monitoring the skies for approaching asteroids excitedly compare megapixel capacities. In perhaps the film's most rhapsodic interlude, we witness the sheer joy of members of the Korean Polar Research Institute when they discover a handful of meteoritic shards that stand out in stark contrast to the endless white glare of the Antarctic glaciers.
The moment is reminiscent of scenes from Encounters at the End of the World, in which Oppenheimer first appeared in a Herzog production. Nor is this the only callback in Fireball. Descending into a cave at the bottom of a cenote in the Yucatan where the Maya civilization used to inter their dead, we're instantly reminded of similar ritual usages in Cave of Forgotten Dreams. At one point, footage from the Hollywood blockbuster Deep Impact is incorporated into the mix, in order for Herzog to evaluate it as what you might call disaster poetry.
One of the most striking effects here occurs whenever Herzog and Oppenheimer slow down the film's often-hectic pace to let viewers ponder the sheer beauty of the imagery, whether that's painterly rendered details of landscape or the natural splendor of closely observed crystals and minerals. Herzog has always had a keen eye for remote places, and Fireball lets him visit his fair share of them. As ever, his assessments are delivered in his trademark Teutonic deadpan. For instance, he describes the village of Chicxulub, near the center of the Yucatan impact crater, as "so godforsaken you want to cry." Nor does he have much fondness for its "dimwitted dogs." Asides like this leaven the visual poetry with some welcome humor.
Visiting Mer Island in the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, Herzog and company are treated to a lovely bit of local lore involving falling stars, as well as the revival of a ritual dance interpreting the tale that hasn't been performed in nearly 50 years. As day darkens into night, assembled on the slender strand between land and see, the dance reanimates the age-old interplay between the living and their dead ancestors. For a moment, before the screen slowly fades to black, all these elements are held in beautiful balance.
Director: Werner Herzog, Clive Oppenheimer Screenwriter: Werner Herzog Distributor: Apple+, Running Time: 97 min Rating: NR Year: 2020
Review: Another Round Honestly and Poignantly Grapples with Alcohol's Pull
Thomas Vinterberg's latest, like The Hunt, is ultimately a parable about breaking a social contract.3
There's a revealing moment early in Thomas Vinterberg's Another Round when high school teacher Martin (Mads Mikkelsen) and his friends and colleagues—Tommy (Thomas Bo Larsen), Peter (Lars Ranthe), and Nikolaj (Magnus Millang)—are out for a birthday dinner. By this point, the audience knows that Martin is in the throes of a midlife crisis, sleepwalking through his history courses, inspiring the ire of students and parents alike, while regarding his family as little more than roommates. (Throughout, Mikkelsen doesn't foreground self-pity or defensiveness, suggesting that Martin is too far gone to rouse himself to indignation, hiding under a veil of accommodation.) Because he's driving, Martin initially resists drinking at the dinner, though his friends talk him into changing his mind, and soon he's downing a shot of vodka and a few glasses of red wine in quick succession. Mikkelsen shows us the alcohol taking control of Martin in something like real time, his studious reserve vanishing to reveal great waves of sadness, bitterness, and salvation.
Anyone who knows alcoholism knows that face—of completion and fulfillment at the cost of alienation. The poignant terror of the scene resides in how quickly the booze grabs Martin, as if he's an empty vessel waiting for his charge. In this light, Martin's prior aloofness takes on new meaning. Though he has many real disappointments familiar to midlife, he was probably a dry drunk who didn't know it. Over dinner, Nikolaj mentions the Norwegian psychiatrist Finn Skårderud, who said that people are born with a blood alcohol content that's .05 percent too low, and that people should maintain a higher level in order to bring out their potential. We know from Martin's face that he should stay away from alcohol, but he takes this idea at face value and begins drinking at school. Once the first day is over, he asks Nikolaj for a ride home, claiming that he can't drive, revealing that he's begun to experiment with the Skårderud philosophy. We expect Nikolaj to insist that Martin get help, but he and the others immediately join in, claiming that their boozing will be the basis of a future report.
The suspense of Another Round has little to do with whether or not these men will "prove" if day-drinking boosts livelihood. Rather, it's derived from two nervous mysteries: the question of how long it will take them to recognize this idea for the rationalizing cry for help that it is, and how much damage will be done in the meantime. There's also a kernel of satire here that one wishes Vinterberg had mined more fulsomely: that the men are taking to the next level a social obsession with alcohol and the various mythologies that we utilize to justify it. Alcohol is still greatly mythologized, associated with virile (masculine) creativity, with great writers and movers and shakers. Martin works the most famous boozers into his lectures, such as Hemingway and Churchill, and his literal and figurative intoxication brings his classes to life. Initially, the theory works, mostly for Martin, but for the other men as well.
In 1995, Vinterberg and Lars von Trier co-founded the Dogme 95 movement, which, broadly speaking, stresses found lighting and parred productions as resistance to the bloat of studio productions. Today, Vinterberg's films still reflect this ideology, favoring handheld, docudramatic camerawork and few overtly expressionistic frills, which has often seemed prosaically "realistic" in the past. But this aesthetic serves a masterful purpose in Another Round, as his characters are calmly, objectively regarded as they drift further into alcoholism.
Their debauchery is clearly pleasurable in the moment, as benders with friends can be, but the camera is mercilessly attentive to the toll the booze takes—to the confusion, the staggering, the babbling, and especially to the existential pain of a massive hangover after days of being at sea. Overt formal fireworks might've glorified this behavior (think of Mike Figgis's Leaving Las Vegas, which equated a prolonged suicide-by-liquor to a stylish, woozy jazz concert), whereas Vinterberg honors the lure and the danger of drinking simultaneously.
Still, it doesn't require much artistic ingenuity to make the case that addiction is bad. Another Round is elevated by its cast, especially Mikkelsen, who gives one of the greatest, most lived-in performances of his career, and by a nagging ambiguity. Even as booze begins to destroy these men, the film doesn't entirely refute the Skårderud philosophy. Someone dies, a marriage nearly dissolves, and the other men sober up, which they soon tire of in the tradition of many people who feel incomplete without indulging in their governing habit. They're happier after returning to booze, and the teachers among them accomplish the mission of energizing their students. Martin, once a dancer, even begins to dance again.
Like every alcoholic, the film's main characters are nagged by the exceptions to the rule (the Churchills of the world), by the possibility that they can keep their hungers within a certain perimeter. Another Round, like Vinterberg's The Hunt, is ultimately a parable about breaking a social contract. Martin and his friends break a code by day-drinking, but perhaps they refuted a larger contract by going sober in a world that values casual lubrication. Every recovering alcoholic is intimately familiar with such a contract, which is among the profound challenges of putting the bottle down and keeping it down. One is reminded of that haunting line from Paul Thomas Anderson's The Master: "You can't take this life straight, can you?"
Cast: Mads Mikkelsen, Thomas Bo Larsen, Lars Ranthe, Magnus Millang, Maria Bonnevie, Susse Wold, Helene Reingaard Neumann, Michael Asmussen, Martin Greis-Rosenthal Director: Thomas Vinterberg Screenwriter: Tobias Lindholm, Thomas Vinterberg Running Time: 115 min Rating: 2020 Year: 2020
The Best Horror Movies on Netflix Right Now
Review: Another Round Honestly and Poignantly Grapples with Alcohol's Pull
Review: Sufjan Stevens's The Ascension Aims for Great Heights but Often Gets Lost
Watch: Lady Gaga's "911" Music Video Is a Surreal Death Dream
Review: Wildfire Vibrantly Entwines Personal and Political Trauma
Review: Spelunky 2 Spit-Polishes a Familiar Formula to Near-Perfection
Interview: Miranda July on Kajillionaire and the Malleability of Movies
Review: Beginning Is a Transfixing Study of a Woman's Faith Being Tested
Review: Tragic Jungle Turns a Woman's Exploitation into a Potent Allegory
Review: Kajillionaire Whimsically and Sincerely Reflects on Family Ties
- Features5 days ago
The Best Horror Movies on Netflix Right Now
- Film6 days ago
Review: Another Round Honestly and Poignantly Grapples with Alcohol's Pull
- Music4 days ago
Review: Sufjan Stevens's The Ascension Aims for Great Heights but Often Gets Lost
- Music6 days ago
Watch: Lady Gaga's "911" Music Video Is a Surreal Death Dream


text:
An unlikely side tops the table as 11 different languages are spoken within its ranks.
Spanish is most commonly spoken in the Premier League, after English, and Everton star Romelu Lukaku is the most multilingual player in the league.
The Toffees striker speaks Dutch, French, Spanish, Portuguese, English as well as Congolese Swahili.
But is that enough to put the Merseyside club on top?
Check out our gallery above for more.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Find content that relates to you
Save 20% on your next online purchase with Cambridge Alerts
Receive email alerts on new books, offers and news...Subscribe
Featured collections
Latest News
See all
Here at Cambridge University Press, we publish a wide range of research monographs, academic reference, textbooks, books for professionals, and large numbers of paperbacks aimed at graduate students.
Sign In
Please sign in to access your account
Not already registered? Create an account now. ×


text:
This is an archive page. The links in this content are no longer being updated.
Workabeba (Abby) Yigzaw (301) 734-7255
Lyndsay Cole (970) 494-7410
WASHINGTON, May 11, 2011-- Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack today announced he will hold two meetings of the advisory committee on animal health to discuss matters of animal health, including the pending proposed rule implementing USDA's traceability framework and establishing an aquaculture subcommittee. The meetings will be held in May and July and conducted as a multisite teleconference.
The next two meetings will be held May 13 and July 22 from noon to 5 p.m. (eastern daylight time) each day. The meetings will be open to the public, although public attendees will be joined to the meetings in "observation" or "listen-only" mode. Members of the public who wish to join the teleconferences may do so by dialing 1-888-790-3291, followed by a public passcode, 1411045.
Additional details regarding each meeting, including the preliminary and final agendas, will be posted on the committee's website at www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/acah/ prior to each meeting.
Questions and written statements for the meetings may be submitted up to five working days in advance of the meetings for the committee's consideration. Questions and written statements may be sent via e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com or mailed to: Michael R. Doerrer, chief operating officer, veterinary services, USDA, APHIS, 4700 River Road, Unit 37, Riverdale, Md. 20737. Statements may also be filed with the committee after the meeting by sending them to firstname.lastname@example.com.
This notice of meeting is given pursuant to section 10 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App. 2).
Notice of the public meetings will be published in an upcoming Federal Register notice.
USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender. To file a complaint of discrimination, write:
USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Ave., SW., Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call
(800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD).


text:
This listing is for any length coffee colored and unpolished Baltic amber jewelry starting at a 4" baby bracelet all of the way up to a 45" belly necklace. It is strung on a gold colored nylon cord and hand knotted between each bead. You choose the type of clasp: regular screw clasp or a safety tension clasp that is designed to pop open when pulled hard. I recommend the safety clasp for baby jewelry and mommy necklaces, but sometimes with older babies they make a game of pulling their jewelry off. (this can be made stretchy for an ADULT bracelet or anklet, simply write me a note in the transaction)
Measure for the best fit! To do so- measure by tying a string at a comfortable length then cut and measure it. (Teething necklaces are not meant to go in the mouth, but instead simply worn and warmed against the skin!!!!!)
**You want it to allow for growth but not reach in the mouth while in the crawling position. Size is so relative, it is hard to guess!
Here are some BASIC Sizes, but please measure for the best fit because everything is made to order and not easily exchanged:
4" newborn bracelet
5.5" child bracelet/ newborn anklet
6.5" woman bracelet
7.5" man bracelet
9.5" adult anklet
10.5" newborn
11" 6mo
12" 1 year
13" 2 years-6 years old
14" 7 years- 10 years old
15" 10 years- 15 years
16" small woman
18" average woman
20" small man
22" large woman/ average man
All of the way up to 45" for belly chains, but can be made longer if you need!!
Baltic Amber is not a stone, but a fossilized resin from the sap of the conifer trees, which lived 30-90 million years ago. As time passed, these trees were covered by the ocean or the sap was washed by large rivers into the Baltic sea. Throughout time, the resins have hardened and have thus formed into amber.
Baltic Amber has been revered for thousands of years for its powerful healing qualities. Amber worn against the body releases natural oils into the skin that are then circulated into the bloodstream. Baltic Amber necklaces are sold in pharmacies in many European and Asian countries. Baltic Amber is often found as an active ingredient in Chinese medicines.
******Not sure what your supposed to get? ALL OF OUR AMBER IS UNPOLISHED and RAW so you can't go wrong with any color!!
YES, YOU CAN GET IT WET!! Chlorine isn't good for it, but a mild soap is. I clean mine with dish soap, warm water, and a toothbrush every once in a while. You will see that the beads become shiny with body oils and will need to be cleaned. Then you can lay it in the sun to warm it and draw out the healing oils again.
Item may slightly differ from what is shown in the picture due to the natural variance of this product. Since amber and hazelwood are naturally occurring products, it is only natural that their shapes and color will differ from piece to piece.
Also, I am not a doctor or anything but I do use this stuff on my own family and we love it! Please use common sense when using any jewelry on young children.
I accept Paypal and all major credit/debit cards, but am open to any suggestions if you need an alternative payment method or barter. <3 I love to barter!!!!
I usually mail first class USPS within 2-5 business days to allow for orders to be made. I try my best to have orders out in 2 business days, but sometimes (very rarely) it may take one or two days longer. Please understand that all of my jewelry is made to order and depending on my workload there could be possible delays.
I print my shipping labels on the ship date, but please understand if your package is not mailed immediately.
For anyone that NEEDS IT NOW, this listing will put your order at the top of my list and will shave time off of the making of the order. https://www.etsy.com/listing/220422205/i-need-it-now?
If you want to speed up delivery purchase the priority mail option with your jewelry. I appreciate your patience and support!! Thank you from my whole family!
We take all major holidays and all postal holidays off. My hours of operation are Monday through Friday 8am-6pm and I am available to answer all questions.
Rush deliveries, insurance, or any upgrades will be covered by the buyer.
All jewelry is made to order so please measure for the best fit. Exchanges due to incorrect sizing are permitted but reshipping fees and $1 per added inch will be expected. Please contact me with any issues and I will do my best to fix them!
Packages shipped within the US aren't considered lost until 30 days from shipment date. However, after 15 days I will file a claim with the mail recovery process and have it mailed back to me if it is found. Then I will send a replacement order to the buyer to ensure that you receive your order!
First Class International packages can take as long as ten weeks to be delivered.
***Please be aware of this fact before ordering. If an order is placed, then I ask that you remain patient and not worry and understand that I have no control as to how long it takes to deliver packages international or domestic. Buyers are 100% responsible for all customs and duty and import fees. If fees are not paid and the package is force returned refund of the purchase price minus shipping fees will be refunded.
If you have further questions on the delivery you can contact your local post office with the tracking number and they may be able to tell you more.
Just contact me within: 60 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 90 days of delivery
Request a cancellation within: 24 hours of purchase
But please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
Because of the nature of these items, unless they arrive damaged or defective, I can't accept returns for:
Please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
I guarantee the workmanship of your jewelry for 60 days. Please understand that Teething necklaces are designed to break with enough force as to prevent injury. All of my jewelry comes standard with a screw clasp. I recommend a safety tension clasp for babies. It is designed to pop off instead of breaking and can extend the life of your jewelry.
All of my jewelry is made to order so please measure for the best fit. Items are measured from end to end, including the clasp. Please note that the knots curl up when they are new. The length after settling is approximately your chosen ordered length. Also, note that my amber beads are 4mm-6mm and for necklaces are tapered to allow the larger beads to be in the front so that the clasp stays on the back of the neck.
* I do not have items in stock for exchange. All jewelry is made to order so please measure for the best fit. Exchanges due to incorrect sizing are permitted but reshipping fees and $1 per added inch will be expected if done so within a couple of days of receiving. Please contact me with any issues and I will do my best to fix them!
Shipping costs are nonrefundable for any reason. The buyer is responsible for all return shipping.
For jewelry that has been broken after 60 days can be set back for restringing for a fee of $.50 per inch as well as shipping costs. Restringing for any of your old amber jewelry would be the same cost even if it was purchased somewhere else.
**There are no refunds or exchanges due to personal nature of the jewelry EXCEPT if within a couple of days after receiving. Please contact me as quickly as possible.
Let me know if you want something that you don't see, I am willing to accommodate. Everything is made to order so everything is custom! Your ideas inspire me!
There is no extra charge for custom orders.
Wholesale orders are welcome. Please message me for details.
Amber and Haze LLC is not to be held liable for improper use of this necklace.
These statements are required by US law [Small Parts Regulations]. As with any children's toys containing small pieces, new legislation effect in the US in February, 2009, mandates an age recommendation of 3 years and older for this type of jewelry. This necklace is NOT a toy! As with any other items containing small objects, adult supervision is recommended at all times while this necklace is being worn. It is not recommended to leave this necklace on a child while they are sleeping. Due to this law I am required to state this.
Email me for any custom orders. Everything is made to order so it is no trouble at all!
Aug 24, 2020
Jun 5, 2020
As always very pleased with the product I he necklace is beautiful.
Apr 28, 2020
Great quality. Both my kids love their necklaces 😊
Jul 8, 2019
I got this for my own baby so she's got two color options! The beads are dark brown but they look almost black. They go great with all kinds of looks. The original one I had was the "milky white" beads which read as yellow. It is super cute too but I am happy to have the options now 😍
Feb 14, 2019
I've ordered SIX items from this shop and it turns out perfect Every time. My son, my step son, and my self all wear them!!


text:
Vancouver Canucks prospect Patrick McNally kicked off Harvard University team amid reported academic scandal
Fourth-round draft pick Patrick McNally talks to reporters at a Vancouver Canucks prospects evaluation camp in July 2010.
Photograph by: Gerry Kahrmann , PNG files
VANCOUVER — Patrick McNally, a defenceman who was a fourth-round draft pick of the Vancouver Canucks in 2010, has been removed from the Harvard University hockey team amid a reported academic scandal.
McNally is one of four Harvard players who has left the team and will not return this season, a university spokesman said Tuesday.
"I can confirm that they are no longer on the 2012-13 roster," Jeff Selesnick, assistant director of athletic communications, said in a telephone interview. "In terms of duration or nature of that absence, I really can't elaborate on that to any degree."
Selesnick said the four players would be eligible to return next year, but added: "I'm not sure what their intent is. I can't speak to their intent."
Harvard's student newspaper, The Crimson, reported some of the removals may be related to an academic scandal that rocked the university this past summer.
McNally and teammates Max Everson and Mark Luzar were all removed from the Harvard roster last week. Stephen Michalek left the program last month.
"Some guys had to take a year absent," Harvard goalie Raphael Girard told The Crimson. "I won't say any names, but like any other team, we might have some problems with the academic scandal."
College Hockey News reported this week that the action could be related to an investigation Harvard launched in August into students who were enrolled in a government class were alleged to have plagiarized answers or inappropriately collaborated on the class's final take-home exam.
The Canucks offered only a brief comment on McNally.
"We can confirm that Patrick McNally is no longer on the 2012-13 Harvard men's hockey roster and is taking a leave of absence from the university," assistant general manager Laurence Gilman said Tuesday. "We cannot speculate on the duration of the absence and will not comment further on the nature of his leave at this time."
McNally, a 21-year-old, 6-2, 190-pound defenceman, had three points in seven games this season. He was named to the Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference all-rookie squad after a 28-point campaign as a freshman last season.
Gilman said Dave Gagner, the Canucks' director of player development, has spoken with McNally.
"He's in somewhat regular contact with all our players and it's no different in Patrick's case," Gilman said. "We did know about Patrick's circumstances in advance of it becoming known to the public."
Gilman would not comment on McNally's plans. If he signed any kind of pro deal, McNally would lose his collegiate eligibility and would not be able to return to Harvard next year.
Michalek, one of the four players who has left the Harvard team, recently joined the Cedar Rapids Roughriders of the United States Hockey League, the top junior circuit south of the border. The USHL could be an option for McNally, a native of Glen Head, N.Y. who was drafted out of the Milton Academy in Massachusetts.
In his senior year at Milton, McNally had 22 goals and 51 points in 28 games.
Canucks general manager Mike Gillis spoke highly of McNally after selecting him 115th overall in the 2010 draft.
"He's going to go to Harvard and is a bright young guy and his father is an FBI agent," Gillis said at the time. "He's an offensive, skating defenceman and we think he's got a tremendous amount of potential."