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Supreme Court Takes Up School-Choice Law
The Supreme Court has agreed to hear a case involving Arizona's law allowing tax credits for donations to private and parochial schools.
PHOENIX — The future of an Arizona school-choice program that gives scholarship money to Catholic and other children in Arizona's private and religious schools will be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court when it returns to work this fall.
The high court announced on May 24 that it would hear the case Garriott v. Winn. The court will decide whether a law that gives Arizona residents a state tax credit for their donations to private scholarship agencies that support students in religious schools violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
The establishment clause bars the government from endorsing any particular church or religion.
Defenders of the law said that the tax-credit program is constitutional because the government does not collect or distribute any of the scholarship money. All the money that is collected is given by private individuals and distributed by private organizations.
A 2009 decision by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said that the tax credit was unconstitutional because it favored religious schools, which were the predominant recipients of the programs' funds. Attorneys for the state of Arizona, joined by other interested parties, are asking the Supreme Court to reverse the lower court's ruling.
In Arizona there are 55 "School Tuition Organizations" which in recent years have distributed more than $50 million to approximately 27,000 students at 370 different religious and other private schools in grades K-12.
The Arizona program started in 1997 and has survived numerous legal challenges from the American Civil Liberties Union which argue that the tax-credit program favors religious schools over other schools and therefore limits school choice.
Under the program any religious or private entity is free to establish a scholarship tuition organization in Arizona to collect and distribute funds.
The Catholic Church operates two such scholarship organizations that help send children to Catholic schools.
Ron Johnson, executive director of the Arizona Catholic Conference, calls school choice in the state "one of our largest priorities," and said he was confident that the Supreme Court will uphold the Arizona tax-credit system and that the law was eminently fair. Johnson said that besides Catholic tuition organizations, there are Lutheran, Jewish, Christian and various other religious groups that benefit from the tax-credit system. No single religion is privileged, he said.
Johnson fears that five or six Catholic schools in the Phoenix Diocese might have to close if the tax-credit system is abolished. Despite the economic downturn that has strongly affected the Arizona economy, he said, Catholic schools have seen an uptick in enrollment thanks to the scholarship program.
Defenders of the tax-credit program say that the law has increased school choice and does not favor one religion over another. Tim Keller is the executive director of the Arizona chapter of the Institute for Justice, a legal firm that is defending Arizona's school-choice program. Keller said he thinks the Supreme Court will uphold the Arizona law. "I think the Supreme Court took the case to reverse the 9th Circuit, which got it wrong on the facts and on the law," Keller said.
Keller believes a favorable decision by the Supreme Court will "remove any constitutional clouds hanging over the school-choice program; they can absolutely clarify that school choice is constitutional," Keller said.
Keller based his belief on the precedent that the Supreme Court set in 2002 in the case of Zelman v. Simmons. In that case, the court ruled that vouchers in a Cleveland program are constitutional and do not violate the First Amendment, freedom of religion or the establishment clause.
"The Supreme Court has said that when a program is based genuinely on private choice and when it is completely neutral regarding religion, then it will pass constitutional muster," Keller said. According to him, the Arizona law is completely neutral and gives no incentives to donate to one tuition organization over another.
Keller said that a favorable decision by the Supreme Court will show that the only thing standing in the way of school-choice programs around the country is politics, not the Constitution. In his view, the Institute for Justice and others defending the law are ultimately doing it for the sake of the students.
"It is the kids who have benefited from the program," he said. "They have the opportunity to get the education they deserve."
Jesuit Father Matthew Gamber writes from Chicago.
- Keywords:
- July 18-31, 2010


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Apple's shortage of iPhone 5s could be due to a 'quality control crackdown' at Foxconn factories, in attempt to prevent users receiving models with dents and scratches on them.
Many iPhone 5 owners have been complaining that their device were shipped with scratches and imperfections, and Bloomberg reports that a 'person familiar with the matter' has claimed that this is the source of the new handset's low stock.
The new iPhone has an anodized aluminium back, rather than the iPhone 4S's crack susceptible glass casing, but, despite enabling the device to be thinner and lighter, the metal does appear to come with a downside. According to the report, Apple executives have told Foxconn bosses to "tighten production standards."
"It's a trade-off because aluminium is strong and tougher to break, and it's light and more economical, yet it is also easier to scratch," said Jacob Huang, a professor of materials engineering at National Sun Yat-Sen University in Taiwan. "You could use magnesium, which is lighter, but even softer and easier to scratch, or glass which is heaver but harder yet more brittle."
"The slowdown is heightening supply concerns that have cost Apple about $60 billion in market value since the iPhone debut," says Bloomberg. "A shortcoming of the drive to imbue products with qualities that make them alluring yet more difficult to manufacture."
Sterne, Agee & Leach Inc analyst Shaw Wu said: "The iPhone 5 is not easy to put together because it's a minimalist design. Apple has a very high standard, where it aims to produce each model to be an exact replica where variance is measured in microns."
Workers from Apple's supply chain told Bloomberg that the iPhone 5 production process leaves many opportunities to scratch the soft metal exterior, making it increasingly difficult to keep the standards high enough to keep up with demand.
"The stricter standards would lower the yield on good products being shipped out," Jeff Pu, a Taiepei-based analyst at Fubon Financial Holding Co. "They'll handle it by increasing labor and machinery, and Apple may even use its cash to buy new equipment to assist Foxconn."
It has been reported that Apple will extend its manufacturing capabilities for the iPhone 5 by signing up another division of Foxconn ready for the Christmas period.
However, Apple's VP of Marketing Phil Schiller has defended the scratches on the iPhone 5 as being 'normal' in an email to a customer regarding the issue.
If you're worried about scratching your shiny new iPhone 5, check out our cases and accessories roundup.
See also:
Foxconn denies strike, says iPhone 5 production is on track
Suicide at Apple supplier in China caused by mistreatment, says victim's family
Envisioning the iPhone 6
Apple acknowledges iPhone 5 purple haze, tells users to shield lens or change camera position

subset: commoncrawl


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Thrift Shop 50% Off:Last Fri. & Sat. SALE!
Thrift Shop 50% Off:Last Fri. & Sat. SALE!
Day: January 24, 2020 Time: 10:00 AM-04:00 PM
On the last Friday and Saturday of each month, the thrift shop holds a 50% off sale to make room for new inventory! Stop by and take advantage of this awesome shopping event as you help the elders in the community. The shop is neat, clean and orderly and the merchandise is top-notch and priced to sell. Proceeds from the store are put to work making life better for seniors. For the easiest access, the thrift shop parking lot and entrance are located on Woodsedge Drive.


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Difference between revisions of "South Africa Genealogy"
m (Added a link)
m (Added link to Family History site on the web for South Africa)
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*[http://southafricansettlers.info/ South African Settlers]
*[http://southafricansettlers.info/ South African Settlers]
*[http://www.eggsa.org/library/main.php?g2_itemId=43 Gravestones in South Africa]
*[http://www.eggsa.org/library/main.php?g2_itemId=43 Gravestones in South Africa]
*[http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za/sm300cv/smws/sm300dl National Archives of South Africa]
*[http://www.national.archsrch.gov.za/sm300cv/smws/sm300dl National Archives of South Africa
[[South Africa Websites|More web sites]]
[[South Africa Websites|More web sites]]
Revision as of 12:20, 22 January 2013
(Add text and/or image here)
Getting Started with South Africa Research[edit | edit source]
New! Join a Genealogy Research Community for South Africa on Facebook or Skype
- A Research Guide for Beginners of South African research by Rosemary Dixon-Smith
- Tracing Your South Africa Roots (Information on how to research your genealogy and family history in South Africa)
- South African genealogy research procedures and sources blog
- South Africa, Dutch Reformed Church Registers (Cape Town Archives) - FamilySearch Historical Records
- South Africa, Orange Free State, Estate Files - FamilySearch Historical Records
Jurisdictions in South Africa[edit | edit source]
South Africa is divided into 9 provinces.
Research Tools[edit | edit source]
South Africa Wills
177 Wills listed in the On-Line Catalogue for the National Archives in London, where the "Cape of Good Hope" is shown as place of residence or former residence. Wills dated from 1713 to 1857. www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline ($).
Nasionale Pers are in the planning stages of digitising their Media (Newspapers and other publications printed by them. Includes Die Burger, Volksblad, Natal Witness, Huisgenoot etc.) A media statement will be released when more information is known.
Ancestry24 ($) which is part of Naspers and Media24 provides a comprehensive website for anyone starting their family history in South Africa. This is a subscription site but their Family Tree Builder is free as well as contacting Tree Owners, Forum Boards and Learning Centre.
There is a fantastic new website for people who are tracing their ancestors in South Africa who emigrated from the British Isles. Although it covers mainly those who came in 1820, it is an on-going project with new names being added all the time. More information.
- All records collections for South Africa available on FamilySearch.org.
- Afrikaans Genealogical Word List
- Records in the Family History Library Catalog, click on View Related Places (upper right corner) to see other jurisdictions or enter the town name on the http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=localitysearch&columns=*,0,0 catalog place search page
Wiki articles describing online collections are found at:
- South Africa, Cape Province Dutch Reofrmed Church Records (FamilySearch Historical Records)
- South Africa, Church of the Province of South Africa Parish Registers (FamilySearch Historical Records)
- South Africa, Dutch Reformed Church Records (FamilySearch Historical Records)
- South Africa, Methodist Parish Registers - FamilySearch Historical Records
- South Africa, Orange Free State, Estate Files - FamilySearch Historical Records
- South Africa, Reformed Church Records - FamilySearch Historical Records
- South Africa, Cape Province, Cape Town Archive Records (FamilySearch Historical Records))
History of South Africa[edit | edit source]
Listen to the tutorial at FamilySearch Learning Center on"The South African Empire" by Dr. Anne Samson.
Jewish Records[edit | edit source]
(Your text or images here)
Useful Websites[edit | edit source]
- British Concentration Camps
- Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902 Records
- Vital Records--Obtaining Death Certificates, Marriage Certificates, Birth Certificates
- Ancestry24
- Colonial Office Transcripts
- South African Passenger Lists
- 1820 Settlers
- South African Settlers
- Gravestones in South Africa
- National Archives of South Africa
- South Africa Family History Information on the Internet
Help Wanted[edit | edit source]
In order to make this wiki a better research tool, we need your help! Many tasks need to be done. You can help by:
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The late Ron Santo finally has been inducted into baseball's Hall of Fame by the veterans committee. This guy should of been voted in many years ago. It's a happy day for us long time Cub fans, but at the same time it's sad Ronnie was not alive to finally get the phone call he always dreamed of getting informing him he was in baseball's hall of fame.
Congratulations Ronnie!
Ron Santo FINALLY a Hall of Famer
Started by cubbies4life, Dec 05 2011 12:51 PM
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Tagged: Connie Mack Award
It's Baseball Bloggers Alliance Awards Time Again: Connie Mack Award
It's time to start thinking about year-end baseball awards, and first up is the BBA's Connie Mack Award (Manager of the Year). I am not the only BBA blogger following the A's this year. Jason Leary of Junkball/Swinging A's joined last year but filed his own 2010 ballot, and we welcome David Wishinsky to the fold this year.
We decided to file a composite ballot this year, and Jason, David and I submitted ballots for all the awards this year. 1st place votes received 5 points each, 2nd place received 3 points, and 3rd place got 1 point each. Having combined their scores with mine, our ballot is as follows:
1st Place: Joe Maddon of the Tampa Bay Rays, a unanimous decision (15 points). He lost a ton of talent during the off-season, but he made the best of what he had, like unsung heroes Matt Joyce, Sam Fuld, and the perennial energizer bunny Johnny Damon on offense, and James Shields, David Price and rookie Jeremy Hellickson excelling on the hill. And who can forget the last day of the season when the Red Sox led 3-2 and the Orioles were down to their last strike? Unfortunately for the Bosox , their vaunted closer Jonathon Papelbon blew the save, and the Red Sox lost the game. 3 minutes later, the Rays came from behind and beat the Yankees, pounding the nail on the coffin of the Red Sox massive collapse by knocking them out of the postseason. Especially amazing since Maddon sent Dan Johnson (former A's 1st baseman) to the plate (batting an unimpressive .109) when they were down to their last stike in the bottom of the ninth. DJ hit a homer to tie the game! Evan Longoria homered in the bottom of the 12th to win it. Now that is inspired managing.
2nd Place: Jim Leyland of the Detroit Tigers (6 Points). Jim didn't have much of a turnover from last season and added Victor Martinez to the mix. He bettered last year's 81-81 record by finishing at 95-67, earning the team the Central Division title and a trip to the postseason. He gets kudos for accomplishing all this despite having to keep a lid on the fallout from Miguel Cabrera's DUI arrest during spring training. He has won the MLB's MOY award 3 times already, 2 in the NL in the 1990's, and in 2006 in the AL with the Tigers.
3rd Place: Manny Acta of the Cleveland Indians (4 Points). This one surprised me as not many other writers have even mentioned him in the conversation around MOY. But my two cohorts both voted for him and he gets the nod. In his second season as the Tribe's manager, he lead the team to a second-place finish in the AL Central with an 80-83 record. He lead the team to an 11-game improvement over their 69-93 record in 2010, and accomplished this with the 3rd youngest roster in MLB, including 11 players who made their Major League debuts. I guess he is pretty impressive. BTW, I picked Joe Girardi for this spot.
That's it for the Connie Mack Award for 2011. The Willie Mays Award (Rookie of the Year) is up next.


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Module Library
Welcome to the Pandora FMS Module Library
This is a library with modules, documentation and tools for Pandora FMS users, both public Open Source and Enterprise. Please use your support credentials (same as used to enter support/ticketing system) in the menu to your right. You will be granted access to a resourceful module library, such as Oracle, VMware, JBoss and others, ready to be used in production enviroments, with official professional support from Artica. If you do not own an enterprise account, you still can browse and download lots of modules, you can even register a free account and contribute with your own modules/tools for other public users.


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When I was younger my parents would always bring jugs or bottles of water to the temple and leave it at the altar for three days, get it back, and they'll have us, their children, drink it. They will always say that the water from the temple will makes us healthier, wiser, and also protect us. In fact, whenever we're sick they'll make sure that we'll drink what I called 'Temple Water'.
Soon the jugs and bottles were replaced by store bought mineral water or bottled water. I never understood the concept of doing this until I was already into Feng Shui and a real Buddhist student. A monk told me that leaving water on the altar would make energize and bless the water with their mantras and prayers. Furthermore, the water surrounded by mantras and images of the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas will absorb the positive energy of the images and the sounds of the prayers and mantras, turning the water into a blessed healing water or energized water.
My belief on this matter was half hearted given that I don't really see how simple images can have an affect on a non – living thing, in this case, the bottled water. Until a few years back I came across with a book called THE HIDDEN MESSAGES IN WATER, which was written by the controversial Japanese author and entrepreneur Masuro Emoto.
I say controversial because Mr. Masaru Emoto's studies are widely criticized as much as it is widely accepted. I'm not here to argue whether his studies are legit or not, but rather I would like to present them to you as to how I understood it.
According to Mr. Masaru Emoto, water has the ability to absorb our thoughts, but more than that, water has the ability to 'understand' (my word) the words written and 'shown' to it. When exposed to different thoughts or words, positive or negative, the water will then absorb the energy and it will change its properties. I will not talk about how he did his research, but rather will post some links later for you to better understand it.
Some of the respected scientific psychic in the world like Caroline Myss believes in Mr. Masuro Emoto's research, however, there are a lot of scientist who doesn't believe in him and has criticized the lack of details in how he did the research.
But as I said, I'm not here to argue whether his research is true or not. Nevertheless, if true, his studies will confirm what Buddhists and Taoists, even Catholics, has believed in so many years. Base on Mr. Masuro Emoto's studies it is really possible to make water holy.
I'm writing this post because on my next post I will write about a reader's testimony that is related to Mr. Masuro Emoto's research and the age-old Buddhist practice of chanting mantra over water.
You can read more about Masaru Emoto or about Water Messages by clicking the following link:
Miraculous Messages from Water
Emoto's Water Experiment: The Power of Thought
You can also check the following youtube video to see the crystallized imaged infused with different words or thoughts:


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Manuka Health - Manuka Honey MGO 400 500g
|Manuka Honey, unique to New Zealand, has incredible and reliable health-giving properties and can be used as a natural remedy to assist with an array of health conditions. Dietary Methylglyoxal or MGO forms naturally in the Manuka plant nectar ready for collection by the bees. Dietary methylglyoxal is found in significant quantities in only some Manuka honey produced from the wild, uncultivated Manuka plant in New Zealand. The MGO scale measures actual levels of the compound Methylglyoxal whereas UMF is an approximation. MGO
Write Your Own Review


text:
WASHINGTON (AP) — Bowe Bergdahl stands, hands at his sides, his loose-fitting Pashtun smock and pants bright white against the rocky landscape. The hillsides are dotted with armed Afghans, rifles ready.
A Black Hawk appears in the clouds. After almost five years in captivity, the American soldier, head shaved, eyes blinking, is about to finally see freedom.
"We've been looking for you for a long time," a member of a special forces team shouts over the roar of the copter. Bergdahl breaks down.
It was supposed to be a moment for celebration, America's only military captive in the 13-year Afghan conflict free at last. And in his hometown in Idaho, where trees are bedecked with yellow ribbons and prayers never stopped, indeed it is.
But for the rest of the country, Bergdahl's capture and release have thrust him into a furious debate.
From members of Congress to his own former platoon mates, a storm of critics are livid because Bergdahl was captured after walking away from his post and then released in a swap for five Taliban prisoners. Some also question whether soldiers died as part of efforts to save him.
"He's a deserter, in every sense of the word," said Evan Buetow, Bergdahl's former Army team leader. "And when we got him back … and he was being heralded as a hero and he served honorably and he's this example that people need to look to — that's exactly the opposite of what he is."
Now, as he prepares to head home, these both are true: As a prisoner, Bergdahl endured a lengthy captivity, a fate no one would wish on another. But as a soldier, Bergdahl's decision to leave his unit endangered the comrades who fruitlessly hunted for him.
Everyday Americans now ask: Is he a victim? A traitor? Are we meant to empathize or admonish?
It's a complicated paradox surrounding a complicated man.
Bergdahl grew up with his parents and older sister Sky amid the breathtaking peaks and valleys of the Sawtooth Mountains. Their home, a humble place with a weather-beaten roof, sits nestled among hills of alder and sage.
There are schools in Hailey, Idaho, 6 miles down the road, but Bergdahl and his sister were taught at home, and he received a GED from a local college. His father worked as a UPS driver.
Hailey, a town of 7,000 that sprang up more than a century ago during a mining boom, is part blue-collar community and part resort town, a funky alternative to the nearby Sun Valley ski resort that's a winter playground for Hollywood celebrities.
The blond, lanky kid grew up, by all accounts, an explorer. At 17, he sparred at a renaissance fair with the Sun Valley Swords fencing club. He danced into his early 20s with the Sun Valley Ballet School.
Bergdahl loved his bicycle, eschewed driving, sought adventures.
He bounced from job to job before enlisting at 22, on an Alaskan fishing boat and construction sites, cleaning guns and stocking targets at the shooting club, crewing on a sailboat trip from South Carolina to California, slinging joe at the coffeehouse.
From the librarian to the sheriff, everyone in Hailey seemed to know and admire Bergdahl as he came of age. "He was good every which way you looked at it," said the gun club manager, Dick Mandeville.
He started talking about joining the military while working the early shift at Zaney's River Street Coffee House, manager Sue Martin recalled. His sister had married a U.S. Naval Academy graduate.
Bergdahl figured it could be a way to travel.
With just seven months of military training, Bergdahl flew to Afghanistan in February 2009 with the 1st Battalion, 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division.
Their mission was to "get the Taliban," said Buetow, 28, of Seattle. That meant combat operations as well as patrolling villages, gathering intelligence, winning the confidence of locals and elders, training the Afghan National Police. Bergdahl preferred the humanitarian aspect of the job, passing out food and medical supplies.
"He enjoyed helping the locals way more than he enjoyed doing all the … actual combat side of a deployment," said platoon medic Josh Cornelison, 25, of Sacramento, California. "He wasn't so fond of that at all."
He was different in other ways, too. In training back in the U.S., he didn't have a cellphone, didn't watch TV, didn't go drinking with the guys. He sat in his bunk reading books, studying languages. In Afghanistan, when soldiers swapped stories of their personal lives, Bergdahl kept things to himself.
As months passed, Bergdahl began grousing to Buetow about the way they were carrying out their mission, but, as his boss, Buetow stopped him short.
"I was like: 'You can disagree. But you can't be complaining about this mission. And you don't have to believe in it, but I need your mind clear if something happens,'" Buetow recalled.
Days before he disappeared, Bergdahl asked Buetow how to get the maximum amount of cash from his paycheck. He also wanted to mail home his computer and books.
"There were things he said that I didn't think too much of at the time, but when he walked away the lights started going off in all of our heads … and it became pretty clear that it was a premeditated event, that he had been thinking about this for a while," said Buetow.
On June 27, 2009, Bergdahl sent his parents what would be his final email from the field.
"I am sorry for everything here," he told his parents, who later shared emails with Rolling Stone magazine. "These people need help, yet what they get is the most conceited country in the world telling them that they are nothing and that they are stupid, that they have no idea how to live."
He said an Army vehicle had run over a girl, but "we don't even care when we hear each other talk about running their children down in the dirt streets with our armored trucks."
His father responded quickly: "Dear Bowe, In matters of life and death, and especially at war, it is never safe to ignore ones' conscience."
Three days later, at 5:30 a.m., a soldier went to wake Bergdahl for guard duty. Their platoon was living at an isolated post, a two-acre stretch of a riverbed, surrounded by wire, with camouflage mesh and poncho structures to keep out the blazing sun.
Bergdahl slept in a one-man pup tent next to the truck that served as his guard post. On this morning, his body armor and weapon were there. But Bergdahl was gone.
Shouts rang out. "Hey, is Bergdahl up there?" someone called. Over the radio: "Everyone listen up. Has anyone seen Bergdahl?"
There wasn't any place to hide, no trees or boulders. It didn't take long to realize that Bergdahl was gone, "outside the wire, alone," said Cornelison. "And you know, that's trouble."
Soldiers stormed through bunkers, peeked in latrines, opened vehicles and scoured Afghan National Police posts. Search dogs were on the ground within hours.
At a nearby village school, Cornelison said two boys told them he had seen a soldier crawling through the weeds and showed them where, but they found nothing.
Hopes that Bergdahl was lost, sick or simply missing were dashed within a day when a radio operator intercepted Afghans chatting about their new bargaining chip.
"I think he is a big shot," says one in a translated transcript posted on the whistleblower group WikiLeaks' website. "(That's) why they are looking for him."
"Can you guys make a video of him and announce it all over Afghanistan that we have one of the Americans?" another man asks. The response: "We already have a video of him."
In another interception, an Afghan said an American was looking for someone who could speak English, and wanted to talk to the Taliban. Analysts believed he was being held by the Haqqani network, an insurgent group affiliated with the Taliban.
Within weeks, the public got its first glimpse of the missing soldier, choking up as he talked about his girlfriend and family in a 28-minute video posted by the Taliban. One of his captors held the soldier's dog tag up to the camera, his name and ID number clearly visible.
Asked how he was doing, Bergdahl quaked.
"Well I'm scared, scared I won't be able to go home."
Back in Hailey, Bergdahl's parents, Bob and Jani, had known of his capture. Now it was public. Yellow ribbons were tied. Candles lit. Martin hung a "Get Bowe Back" sign in her cafe window.
The family chained their front gate, attaching a small cardboard sign: "No visitors."
His father stopped shaving and started studying Pashto and Arabic to immerse himself in Afghan culture, to feel a connection with his son.
In Idaho, the vigil had begun. In Afghanistan, the search continued, frantically for several months.
Bergdahl — already a hero of his family and friends — would soon become a national icon. The public knew little of the circumstances of his disappearance. On the record, the story was only that Bergdahl had strayed from base.
A Pentagon investigation concluded in 2010 that the evidence was "incontrovertible" that Bergdahl indeed walked away from his unit, but did not accuse him of desertion, a former Pentagon official who read the report told The Associated Press.
In interviews as part of the probe, members of his unit portrayed him as a naive, "delusional" person who thought he could help the Afghan people by leaving his post, said the official.
Platoon members say they were told not to publicly discuss the situation, and so only quietly did they share their unwavering belief that Bergdahl intentionally deserted. On the ground, concern turned to anger as their mission became finding Bergdahl.
"Yes, we resented it. We resented him. And we were upset with the fact that we're looking for this guy who we knew walked away," said Buetow. "But you know, you take your shower in five minutes and you jump in that truck and go back out there. Because that's what we're supposed to do."
The Taliban repeatedly offered to swap Bergdahl for Afghan prisoners held by the U.S. at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. In 2011, U.S. officials talked directly with Taliban negotiators about a deal. And in early 2012, the Taliban took steps to open a liaison office in Qatar, the exchange key on the agenda.
But the proposed deal sat in limbo for years, facing opposition in Congress. The Taliban walked away from talks in March 2012, saying the U.S. had reneged on several promises. The Obama administration tried several gambits to restart talks, including proposing looser terms for the detention or monitoring of at least one of the prisoners upon their release.
And there was tension between Afghan authorities, who demanded the prisoners be repatriated to Afghanistan, and the prisoners, who wanted to go to Qatar with their families.
Talks renewed this spring after a video surfaced in December showing Bergdahl in what officials described as poor health. By March, as a deal appeared close, critics began calling for him to be charged with desertion, which could bring five years in prison and a dishonorable discharge.
As the exchange day approached, Taliban and U.S. officials negotiated minute details of the swap. Then the five Afghans were quietly transferred to Qatar, and Bergdahl's moment had arrived. The exchange was recorded and posted online by the Taliban.
The morning of May 31, President Barack Obama called the Bergdahls.
"I … told them that after nearly five years in captivity, their son Bowe is coming home," said Obama at an emotional news conference later that day.
Bergdahl, now 28, has yet to appear in public or, even, speak to his parents, officials say. He remains at a U.S. military hospital in Germany, working his way through the early stages of reintegration — a process complicated by the circumstances of his disappearance.
A military psychologist said negative publicity can make it even harder to prepare a former hostage for the return home. And in Bergdahl's case, that publicity has been bitter.
A Facebook page went up the day after his release called "Bowe Bergdahl is NOT a hero," and then came several more, calling him a traitor. A petition was launched demanding a court martial.
A vitriolic Twitter storm hammered Obama. And then one after another, former platoon mates made the media rounds, describing how Bergdahl walked away and their anger at the entire ordeal.
In Hailey, joy quickly turned to bafflement as townspeople faced an onslaught of hate mail and angry phone calls from people who said Bergdahl doesn't deserve to be celebrated. A planned welcome-home party was cancelled. His parents are surprised and "very hurt" by the outcry, a former pastor who is in touch with them said.
"It's like a modern day lynching," said Lee Ann Ferris, who lives next door to the Bergdahls and watched Bowe grow up.
At a news conference in Idaho on Sunday — the last time Bergdahl's parents spoke publicly — Bob Bergdahl said the family would have to ease into rebuilding a relationship.
"Bowe has been gone so long it's going to be very difficult to come back," he said, likening the situation to a deep sea diver who needs to surface slowly to decompress safely.
"If he comes up too fast it could kill him."
Five days before Bergdahl disappeared, his battalion suffered its first casualty: Lt. Brian Bradshaw.
Bradshaw's mother, Mary, told The Associated Press that after Bergdahl was captured, Bob Bergdahl called many times, convinced their sons had been friends. Bob Bergdahl told Rolling Stone magazine that Bradshaw's death had darkened his son's mood.
"Maybe it was a catalyst for Bergdahl to go," Mary Bradshaw said. "But I have nothing to back that up."
Bergdahl's disappearance delayed Bradshaw's memorial for weeks, as troops searched for the missing soldier. And now Bergdahl's return is scratching a wound.
"I am happy for his parents that he is home. I am glad that he is safe. But no," Mary Bradshaw said, "I don't view him as a hero."
An investigation that is expected to examine the circumstances of Bergdahl's disappearance has not yet begun. But some of his former platoon mates and parents of some soldiers who died in that part of Afghanistan after Bergdahl's disappearance are insisting that he answer for his actions.
Gerald Sutton served with Bergdahl and considered him a friend. Now, he wants a court martial.
"Personally, I'd like to be able to talk to the guy and ask him why he did this," he said, "because that's the ultimate question."
(© Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


text:
double transformation problem - (May/24/2013 )
Hello, everyone.
I am doing a double transformation, of E. coli (BL21), with two plasmids, one with chloramphenicol resistance, and the other one with ampicillin resistance. Before starting the experiment, I checked that the plasmids are compatible. After I make the transformation (with 1 µL of each plasmid), and grew overnight on fresh DYT Cm10/Amp100 plates, I got nice singe colonies. Then I picked single colonies in 3 mL DYT Cm10/Amp100, and I get no culture after 18 hours. What could be the problem with my colonies?
Thank you.
Have an great day!
I don't know what is wrong -- probably destruction of amp on the plates. I'd strongly suggest that you transform one plasmid at a time. You might also switch from ampicillin to carbenicillin, which is much more stable.
Like what Phage434 says, it's possible the amp is degrading on your plates. Make sure you pick colonies without colonies around them and which are on the outside of the "smear". Even if the amp is stable, it's possible there are so many colonies on the plate that the amp is being "eaten" or used by the faster growing stronger colonies, allowing non-amp resistant ones to grow around them. You could also reduce the overnight incubation time to 14-16 hours, and the first ones to grow will be the amp resistant colonies.
Thank you very much for your replies. I tried another strand of BL21, the BL21-CodonPlus® (DE3)-RIL-X, and I could culture them, and did the expression of my proteins. Could this effect be because of the fact that one of the plasmid/protein is toxic to the initial strand of BL21?
Thank you again and have a great day!


text:
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text:
I sat down this morning to bake something and started looking through cookbooks I've been wanting to try out. I have several new ones and haven't had time to bake from any of them yet. Maybe I'll show you the ones I have next time and you can tell me which one to start with. I can't decide. I love them all.
But deciding wasn't my problem so much this morning because everything fun I wanted to make called for an ingredient I didn't have. Ugh.
And I wasn't going back out to the store. Nope. I was in comfy clothes mode.
Luckily, I had peanut butter.
And chocolate chips.
I pretty much always have those two.
So I decided on peanut butter brownies.
With chocolate chips …
I started by adding a half cup but then finished with a full.
Taxes are due Tuesday (yuck) so treat yourself (yes).
Spoon please.
These are perfectly fabulous just like this but I thought I would frost them too.
I had more chocolate chips I needed to use up – you know – since I need to go to the store anyway.
Melt the chips and then mix in some peanut butter, butter and powdered sugar.
Yes – over the top and completely unnecessary.
Really, the only reason I wanted to frost them was to decorate the tops…
Like peanut butter cookies.
For the record, I think they are better without frosting.
Peanut Butter Chocolate Chip Brownies
1 1/2 cups all purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
1/4 teaspoon salt
6 Tablespoons butter, softened
1/2 cup peanut butter
2/3 cup sugar
2/3 cup packed brown sugar
3 eggs
1 teaspoon vanilla
1 cup semi-sweet chocolate chips
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees and grease an 8 X 8 pan.
- In a medium bowl, stir the flour, baking powder and salt together with a wire whisk and set aside.
- In a mixer, cream the butter and peanut butter until smooth. Add the sugars and mix until combined.
- Add the eggs and vanilla and mix until combined.
- Add the dry ingredients and mix on low until combined.
- Stir in the chocolate chips.
- Spread in the pan and bake for 30-35 minutes or until done.
Notes: I baked these for 32 minutes but they really needed a few more for the center to be completely done. So to avoid the top turning too brown, place a sheet of aluminum over the pan about halfway through baking. Or you could bake them in a 9 X 13 inch pan for a few minutes less and get more brownies too.
1/2 cup semi-sweet chocolate chips
1/2 cup peanut butter
1/2 cup butter, softened
2 cups confectioner's sugar, sifted
- Melt the chocolate in the microwave in 30 second intervals until smooth.
- Stir in the peanut butter until completely combined and set aside.
- In a mixer, beat the butter until smooth.
- Add the sugar and mix until combined.
- Add the chocolate and peanut butter mixture and mix until completely blended.
- You can add a teaspoon at a time of milk if you would like the frosting creamier.
- When the brownies are cool, spread the frosting on top.
- Go ahead and cut the brownies into 16 servings in the pan. On each serving make peanut butter cookie marks with a fork. I placed the brownies in the freezer for a few minutes first to firm so the frosting didn't get too messed up when I cut them.
P.S. Smile if you see a brownie frownie face.


text:
Student's t-test
A t-test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t distribution if the null hypothesis is supported. It can be used to determine if two sets of data are significantly different from each other, and is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value of a scaling term in the test statistic were known. When the scaling term is unknown and is replaced by an estimate based on the data, the test statistic (under certain conditions) follows a Student's t distribution.
The t-statistic was introduced in 1908 by William Sealy Gosset, a chemist working for the Guinness brewery in Dublin, Ireland ("Student" was his pen name).[1][2][3][4] Gosset had been hired due to Claude Guinness's policy of recruiting the best graduates from Oxford and Cambridge to apply biochemistry and statistics to Guinness's industrial processes.[2] Gosset devised the t-test as a cheap way to monitor the quality of stout. The Student's t-test work was submitted to and accepted in the journal Biometrika and published in 1908. Company policy at Guinness forbade its chemists from publishing their findings, so Gosset published his mathematical work under the pseudonym "Student". Guinness had a policy of allowing technical staff leave for study (so-called "study leave"), which Gosset used during the first two terms of the 1906–1907 academic year in Professor Karl Pearson's Biometric Laboratory at University College London.[5] Gosset's identity was then known to fellow statisticians and to editor-in-chief Karl Pearson.{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{#invoke:Category handler|main}}{{#invoke:Category handler|main}}[citation needed] }} It is not clear how much of the work Gosset performed while he was at Guinness and how much was done when he was on study leave at University College London.{{ safesubst:#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{#invoke:Category handler|main}}{{#invoke:Category handler|main}}[citation needed] }}
Among the most frequently used t-tests are:
- A one-sample location test of whether the mean of a population has a value specified in a null hypothesis.
- A two-sample location test of the null hypothesis such that the means of two populations are equal. All such tests are usually called Student's t-tests, though strictly speaking that name should only be used if the variances of the two populations are also assumed to be equal; the form of the test used when this assumption is dropped is sometimes called Welch's t-test. These tests are often referred to as "unpaired" or "independent samples" t-tests, as they are typically applied when the statistical units underlying the two samples being compared are non-overlapping.[6]
- A test of the null hypothesis that the difference between two responses measured on the same statistical unit has a mean value of zero. For example, suppose we measure the size of a cancer patient's tumor before and after a treatment. If the treatment is effective, we expect the tumor size for many of the patients to be smaller following the treatment. This is often referred to as the "paired" or "repeated measures" t-test:[6][7] see paired difference test.
- A test of whether the slope of a regression line differs significantly from 0.
Most t-test statistics have the form t = Z/s, where Z and s are functions of the data. Typically, Z is designed to be sensitive to the alternative hypothesis (i.e., its magnitude tends to be larger when the alternative hypothesis is true), whereas s is a scaling parameter that allows the distribution of t to be determined.
As an example, in the one-sample t-test t = , where is the sample mean of the data, is the sample size, and is the sample standard deviation. is the population standard deviation of the data.
The assumptions underlying a t-test are that
- Z follows a standard normal distribution under the null hypothesis
- S2 follows a χ2 distribution with p degrees of freedom under the null hypothesis, where p is a positive constant
- Z and s are independent.
In a specific type of t-test, these conditions are consequences of the population being studied, and of the way in which the data are sampled. For example, in the t-test comparing the means of two independent samples, the following assumptions should be met:
- Each of the two populations being compared should follow a normal distribution. This can be tested using a normality test, such as the Shapiro–Wilk or Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, or it can be assessed graphically using a normal quantile plot.
- If using Student's original definition of the t-test, the two populations being compared should have the same variance (testable using F-test, Levene's test, Bartlett's test, or the Brown–Forsythe test; or assessable graphically using a Q–Q plot). If the sample sizes in the two groups being compared are equal, Student's original t-test is highly robust to the presence of unequal variances.[8] Welch's t-test is insensitive to equality of the variances regardless of whether the sample sizes are similar.
- The data used to carry out the test should be sampled independently from the two populations being compared. This is in general not testable from the data, but if the data are known to be dependently sampled (i.e., if they were sampled in clusters), then the classical t-tests discussed here may give misleading results.
Unpaired and paired two-sample t-tests
Two-sample t-tests for a difference in mean involve independent samples or paired samples. Paired t-tests are a form of blocking, and have greater power than unpaired tests when the paired units are similar with respect to "noise factors" that are independent of membership in the two groups being compared.[9] In a different context, paired t-tests can be used to reduce the effects of confounding factors in an observational study.
Independent (unpaired) samples
The independent samples t-test is used when two separate sets of independent and identically distributed samples are obtained, one from each of the two populations being compared. For example, suppose we are evaluating the effect of a medical treatment, and we enroll 100 subjects into our study, then randomly assign 50 subjects to the treatment group and 50 subjects to the control group. In this case, we have two independent samples and would use the unpaired form of the t-test. The randomization is not essential here – if we contacted 100 people by phone and obtained each person's age and gender, and then used a two-sample t-test to see whether the mean ages differ by gender, this would also be an independent samples t-test, even though the data are observational.
Paired samples
Paired samples t-tests typically consist of a sample of matched pairs of similar units, or one group of units that has been tested twice (a "repeated measures" t-test).
A typical example of the repeated measures t-test would be where subjects are tested prior to a treatment, say for high blood pressure, and the same subjects are tested again after treatment with a blood-pressure lowering medication. By comparing the same patient's numbers before and after treatment, we are effectively using each patient as their own control. That way the correct rejection of the null hypothesis (here: of no difference made by the treatment) can become much more likely, with statistical power increasing simply because the random between-patient variation has now been eliminated. Note however that an increase of statistical power comes at a price: more tests are required, each subject having to be tested twice. Because half of the sample now depends on the other half, the paired version of Student's t-test has only "n/2–1" degrees of freedom (with n being the total number of observations). Pairs become individual test units, and the sample has to be doubled to achieve the same number of degrees of freedom.
A paired samples t-test based on a "matched-pairs sample" results from an unpaired sample that is subsequently used to form a paired sample, by using additional variables that were measured along with the variable of interest.[10] The matching is carried out by identifying pairs of values consisting of one observation from each of the two samples, where the pair is similar in terms of other measured variables. This approach is sometimes used in observational studies to reduce or eliminate the effects of confounding factors.
Paired samples t-tests are often referred to as "dependent samples t-tests".
Explicit expressions that can be used to carry out various t-tests are given below. In each case, the formula for a test statistic that either exactly follows or closely approximates a t-distribution under the null hypothesis is given. Also, the appropriate degrees of freedom are given in each case. Each of these statistics can be used to carry out either a one-tailed or two-tailed test.
Once a t value is determined, a p-value can be found using a table of values from Student's t-distribution. If the calculated p-value is below the threshold chosen for statistical significance (usually the 0.10, the 0.05, or 0.01 level), then the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis.
One-sample t-test
In testing the null hypothesis that the population mean is equal to a specified value μ0, one uses the statistic
where is the sample mean, s is the sample standard deviation of the sample and n is the sample size. The degrees of freedom used in this test are n − 1. Although the parent population does not need to be normally distributed, the distribution of the population of sample means, , is assumed to be normal. By the central limit theorem, if the sampling of the parent population is independent then the sample means will be approximately normal.[11] (The degree of approximation will depend on how close the parent population is to a normal distribution and the sample size, n.)
Slope of a regression line
Suppose one is fitting the model
where xi, i = 1, ..., n are known, α and β are unknown, and εi are independent identically normally distributed random errors with expected value 0 and unknown variance σ2, and Yi, i = 1, ..., n are observed. It is desired to test the null hypothesis that the slope β is equal to some specified value β0 (often taken to be 0, in which case the hypothesis is that x and y are unrelated).
has a t-distribution with n − 2 degrees of freedom if the null hypothesis is true. The standard error of the slope coefficient:
can be written in terms of the residuals. Let
Independent two-sample t-test
Equal sample sizes, equal variance
This test is only used when both:
- The two sample sizes (that is, the number, n, of participants of each group) are equal;
- It can be assumed that the two distributions have the same variance.
Violations of these assumptions are discussed below.
The t statistic to test whether the means are different can be calculated as follows:
Here is the grand standard deviation (or pooled standard deviation), 1 = group one, 2 = group two. and are the unbiased estimators of the variances of the two samples. The denominator of t is the standard error of the difference between two means.
For significance testing, the degrees of freedom for this test is 2n − 2 where n is the number of participants in each group.
Equal or unequal sample sizes, equal variance
This test is used only when it can be assumed that the two distributions have the same variance. (When this assumption is violated, see below.) The t statistic to test whether the means are different can be calculated as follows:
Note that the formulae above are generalizations of the case where both samples have equal sizes (substitute n for n1 and n2).
is an estimator of the common standard deviation of the two samples: it is defined in this way so that its square is an unbiased estimator of the common variance whether or not the population means are the same. In these formulae, n = number of participants, 1 = group one, 2 = group two. n − 1 is the number of degrees of freedom for either group, and the total sample size minus two (that is, n1 + n2 − 2) is the total number of degrees of freedom, which is used in significance testing.
Equal or unequal sample sizes, unequal variances
This test, also known as Welch's t-test, is used only when the two population variances are not assumed to be equal (the two sample sizes may or may not be equal) and hence must be estimated separately. The t statistic to test whether the population means are different is calculated as:
Here s2 is the unbiased estimator of the variance of the two samples, ni = number of participants in group i, i=1 or 2. Note that in this case is not a pooled variance. For use in significance testing, the distribution of the test statistic is approximated as an ordinary Student's t distribution with the degrees of freedom calculated using
This is known as the Welch–Satterthwaite equation. The true distribution of the test statistic actually depends (slightly) on the two unknown population variances (see Behrens–Fisher problem).
Dependent t-test for paired samples
This test is used when the samples are dependent; that is, when there is only one sample that has been tested twice (repeated measures) or when there are two samples that have been matched or "paired". This is an example of a paired difference test.
For this equation, the differences between all pairs must be calculated. The pairs are either one person's pre-test and post-test scores or between pairs of persons matched into meaningful groups (for instance drawn from the same family or age group: see table). The average (XD) and standard deviation (sD) of those differences are used in the equation. The constant μ0 is non-zero if you want to test whether the average of the difference is significantly different from μ0. The degree of freedom used is n − 1.
|Example of repeated measures
|Test 1
|Test 2
|Example of matched pairs
Worked examples
Let A1 denote a set obtained by taking 6 random samples out of a larger set:
and let A2 denote a second set obtained similarly:
These could be, for example, the weights of screws that were chosen out of a bucket.
We will carry out tests of the null hypothesis that the means of the populations from which the two samples were taken are equal.
The difference between the two sample means, each denoted by , which appears in the numerator for all the two-sample testing approaches discussed above, is
The sample standard deviations for the two samples are approximately 0.05 and 0.11, respectively. For such small samples, a test of equality between the two population variances would not be very powerful. Since the sample sizes are equal, the two forms of the two sample t-test will perform similarly in this example.
Unequal variances
If the approach for unequal variances (discussed above) is followed, the results are
The test statistic is approximately 1.959. The two-tailed test p-value is approximately 0.091 and the one-tailed p-value is approximately 0.045.
Equal variances
If the approach for equal variances (discussed above) is followed, the results are
Since the sample sizes are equal (both are 6), the test statistic is again approximately equal to 1.959. Since the degrees of freedom is different from what it is in the unequal variances test, the p-values will differ slightly from what was found above. Here, the two-tailed test p-value is approximately 0.078, and the one-tailed p-value is approximately 0.039. Thus if there is good reason to believe that the population variances are equal, the results become somewhat more suggestive of a difference in the mean weights for the two populations of screws.
Alternatives to the t-test for location problems
The t-test provides an exact test for the equality of the means of two normal populations with unknown, but equal, variances. (The Welch's t-test is a nearly exact test for the case where the data are normal but the variances may differ.) For moderately large samples and a one tailed test, the t is relatively robust to moderate violations of the normality assumption.[12]
For exactness, the t-test and Z-test require normality of the sample means, and the t-test additionally requires that the sample variance follows a scaled χ2 distribution, and that the sample mean and sample variance be statistically independent. Normality of the individual data values is not required if these conditions are met. By the central limit theorem, sample means of moderately large samples are often well-approximated by a normal distribution even if the data are not normally distributed. For non-normal data, the distribution of the sample variance may deviate substantially from a χ2 distribution. However, if the sample size is large, Slutsky's theorem implies that the distribution of the sample variance has little effect on the distribution of the test statistic. If the data are substantially non-normal and the sample size is small, the t-test can give misleading results. See Location test for Gaussian scale mixture distributions for some theory related to one particular family of non-normal distributions.
When the normality assumption does not hold, a non-parametric alternative to the t-test can often have better statistical power. For example, for two independent samples when the data distributions are asymmetric (that is, the distributions are skewed) or the distributions have large tails, then the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (also known as the Mann–Whitney U test) can have three to four times higher power than the t-test.[12][13][14] The nonparametric counterpart to the paired samples t-test is the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples. For a discussion on choosing between the t-test and nonparametric alternatives, see Sawilowsky (2005).[15]
One-way analysis of variance generalizes the two-sample t-test when the data belong to more than two groups.
Multivariate testing
{{#invoke:main|main}} A generalization of Student's t statistic, called Hotelling's T-square statistic, allows for the testing of hypotheses on multiple (often correlated) measures within the same sample. For instance, a researcher might submit a number of subjects to a personality test consisting of multiple personality scales (e.g. the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). Because measures of this type are usually positively correlated, it is not advisable to conduct separate univariate t-tests to test hypotheses, as these would neglect the covariance among measures and inflate the chance of falsely rejecting at least one hypothesis (Type I error). In this case a single multivariate test is preferable for hypothesis testing. Fisher's Method for combining multiple tests with alpha reduced for positive correlation among tests is one. Another is Hotelling's T 2 statistic follows a T 2 distribution. However, in practice the distribution is rarely used, since tabulated values for T 2 are hard to find. Usually, T 2 is converted instead to an F statistic.
One-sample T 2 test
For a one-sample multivariate test, the hypothesis is that the mean vector () is equal to a given vector (). The test statistic is Hotelling's T 2:
where n is the sample size, is the vector of column means and is a sample covariance matrix.
Two-sample T 2 test
For a two-sample multivariate test, the hypothesis is that the mean vectors (, ) of two samples are equal. The test statistic is Hotelling's 2-sampleT 2:
Software implementations
Many spreadsheet programs and statistics packages, such as QtiPlot, LibreOffice Calc, Microsoft Excel, SAS, SPSS, Stata, DAP, gretl, R, Python, PSPP, Matlab and Minitab, include implementations of Student's t-test.
|Microsoft Excel pre 2010
TTEST(array1, array2, tails, type)
|See [1]
|Microsoft Excel 2010 and later
T.TEST(array1, array2, tails, type)
|See [2]
TTEST(Data1; Data2; Mode; Type)
|See [3]
|Google Sheets
TTEST(range1, range2, tails, type)
|See [4]
scipy.stats.ttest_ind(a, b, axis=0, equal_var=True)
|See [5]
ttest(data1, data2)
|See [6]
|See [7]
t.test(data1, data2, var.equal=TRUE)
|See [8]
|See [9]
tTest(sample1, sample2)
|See [10]
See also
- ↑ {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=book }}
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Template:MacTutor Biography
- ↑ {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}
- ↑ http://www.aliquote.org/cours/2012_biomed/biblio/Student1908.pdf
- ↑ {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=book }}
- ↑ {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}
- ↑ {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}
- ↑ John A. Rice (2006), Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition, Duxbury Advanced.
- ↑ {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}
- ↑ George Box, William Hunter, and J. Stuart Hunter, Statistics for Experimenters, ISBN 978-0471093152, pp. 66–67.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}
- ↑ {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}
- ↑ {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}
- ↑ {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=journal }}
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Further reading
- {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation
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- {{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation
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External links
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=citation }}


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It's never been so easy—or so fun—to send holiday smiles from across the miles. Funny Christmas ecards are a great way to put a happy ho, ho, ho in the hearts of those you care about. From mild to wild, there's an eCard here to tickle anyone's funny bone!
Nothing quite says "Cool Yule" like a little reggae.
Warning: This Tropical Christmas Song ecard will have you feeling so laid back, you might not get all your shopping done!
- Q. What do you call frogs who love Christmas?
- A. Mistletoads!
The un-frog-ettable Mistletoad Jingle is sure to put a smile on the face of even the Scroogiest person on your list. Totally ribbiting.
Penguin Medley combines video and classical music in a way that makes you ask, "How did they get those penguins to do THAT?!" Smile. Send. Repeat.
It's Christmastime in the city? Not at the Christmas Hoedown. These all-singing, all-dancing farm animals are kickin' it Old MacDonald style. Send a toe-tappin' good time as they twirl, sing and do-si-do their way through this hoedown throwdown.
Know how there's always that one friend who sends the cuuuuuuuutest greetings to everyone? Be that friend.
Woodland Concert will add a little joy to your world…and theirs.
Do NOT send La Christmas Song unless you want your friends and family to use words like adorable, sophisticated and smart when they describe your Christmas ecard. Ze French, zay have a way, no?
Why settle for regular carolers, when you can send Caroling Bee-Bop Penguins! This bum-bitty ditty will bring you back to the age of tailfins and street-corner doo-wop. Can you dig it, Daddi-o?
Feeling like getting on Santa's Naughty List? One sure way is to send The Wrong House, perfect for the toilet humor enthusiast on your list. This isn't just a funny Christmas ecard; it's a "potty."
Dog Days of Christmas is the perfect way to say "Fleas Navidad" to the pooch people in your life. This original take on the traditional classic is a real tail-wagger.
'Tis the season to chew dollies—Fa la la la la, la la la la! Canine Carolers is a howl! Run, don't W-A-L-K to this funny ecard, and click send!
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| 11.6°C Belfast
England boss Roy Hodgson has changed his plans over an official trip for players' wives, families and girlfriends to the World Cup warm-up camp in Miami at the start of June.
It had been planned that time would be set aside for the 'WAGs' - wives and girlfriends - after the first friendly against Ecuador on June 4.
However, it has now emerged the players will instead fly to Miami on Sunday June 1, a day later than originally planned, and that time will be given over to their families.
The Football Association's original plan had been to organise a visit for the families to Florida, but it is understood that will now not take place.
The timetable will now see England play Peru at Wembley on May 30, have the following day with their families and then join up again with the squad on June 1 to fly to Miami.
Hodgson, however, will not ban players from making their own arrangements for their families or partners to travel to Miami or after that to Brazil, but any time spent together then will have to fit in with training and match schedules, and any other England duties.
The whole issue of the WAGs has been controversial since the 2006 World Cup, when there was criticism that the high-profile antics of players' loved ones at the Baden Baden base was a distraction for the team.
Former England manager Fabio Capello went in the opposite direction for the 2010 tournament in South Africa and restricted the time that players could spend with their families to short windows of opportunity.
There will be two friendlies in Florida, the second against Honduras on June 7, before England fly to their World Cup base in Rio de Janeiro ahead of their first match of the tournament against Italy in Manaus on June 14.
Wayne Rooney's wife Coleen is among the most prominent of the England team's WAGs.
Goalkeeper Joe Hart's girlfriend Kimberly Crew, defender Phil Jones's partner Kaya Hall and midfielder Frank Lampard's television presenter fiancee Christine Bleakley could all take advantage of being allowed to spend time with their partners ahead of the World Cup.
Defender Glen Johnson's wife, Laura, was among the WAGs who made an appearance in Poland during Euro 2012.
But captain Steven Gerrard's model wife, Alex, and their three daughters, will not be making the trip across the Atlantic.
He did not invite his family to South Africa for the last World Cup in 2010, and revealed last month that he has made the same decision for Brazil.
The midfielder said he will sacrifice spending time with his family so he can concentrate on football, and plans to stay in touch by telephone and on the internet.


text:
Rhythm, rhyme, sound, words and meaning encompassed the second of the Writers in the Woods series. The evening included a one hour spoken word presentation followed by an open mic on Friday, Sept. 20, at Sierra Nevada College. This served as a platform for individuals to express their personal philosophies and life experiences through poetry and narratives.
In a generation where communicating is done through anything that has a touch screen or news feed, the Spoken Word was a breath of fresh air. A reminder of how connected we are as humans, how we all experience love and tragedy, peace and chaos. I was mesmerized by each word of the roughly 10 speakers who reflected on personal growth, expressed dissatisfaction with modern society, and playfully expanded on random thoughts.
If someone had suggested I attend a poetry reading on a Friday night, chances are I would have declined because I have never taken much interest in it. After attending the event, you can find "slam poetry" in my Youtube history and an email subscription to the local Spoken Views Collective newsletter. And extra credit had nothing to do with it. Each of these beings humbled my heart as they bravely and openly explored the truest of human experiences.


text:
By David O'Sullivan and Ors.
On the day and time that RMS Titanic dropped anchor in Cork Harbour over
101 years ago (Thursday 11 April 1912), a poignant collection of a number
of passengers and survivors of the luxury liner's maiden voyage was
unveiled at the Titanic Experience, the permanent visitor attraction in
Cobh, Co. Cork.
Among the items that will be on permanent display at the Titanic Experience
Cobh is a beautiful 20th century blue leather suitcase, purchased at
Harrods for the journey on board Titanic. The suitcase was the personal
property of Mrs. Lily Odell, a first class passenger on board the ill-fated
ship. Lily Odell travelled with some members of her family, including her
son, Jack and sister in law, Kate and her two brothers, Richard and Stanley
May. The Odell family party disembarked the Titanic at Queenstown, now
Cobh, and collected a hire car from Johnson & Perrott Motors to travel
around the south of Ireland.
Managing Director of the Titanic Experience Cobh, which is located in the
original White Star Line building, Gillen Joyce said, "We endeavour to make
the Titanic Experience as authentic as possible in providing information
about Titanic, and depicting the story of the passengers on board. With
this in mind, we felt that it was vital to include artefacts from the liner
to ensure a true visitor experience here in the original White Star Line
building in Cobh. We are delighted that our hard work has paid off and it
is an honour for us to have the Odell Collection exhibited here at the
Titanic Experience".
On hand to formally open the exhibition was Tommy Barker, property editor
of the Irish Examiner and grandson and namesake of Thomas Barker, the Cork
Examiner photographer who captured some of the best known images of RMS
Titanic and her Irish passengers while in Cobh.
There are a number of photographs in the Odell collection, including the
original photo postcard showing Titanic survivors, Millvina Dean as a baby,
with her brother Bertram in a pram and their mother, Eva. Another
photograph shows young Jack Odell, in a Star Laudaulette automobile hired
from Johnson and Perrott with Mr May (Lily Odell's brother) and their
A hand painted and signed French silk lace and mother of pearl fan in its
original silk covered box used on board the Titanic is also on loan to the
collection by Titanic Experience Historian, Vincent McMahon.
Titanic Experience Historian, Vincent McMahon gave a short talk at the
unveiling of the Odell collection, which took place at 1.30 pm to coincide
with 'Titanic' weighing anchor on this day on Thursday, 11th April 1912,
101 years ago. McMahon described the journey of the Odell family who
travelled on board 'Titanic' on the 10th and 11th April 1912.
"The loss of Titanic with so many lives has always been a very sad story.
Today we recall the passengers on board. It is a privilege to exhibit
items carried on board Titanic on that voyage from Southampton via
Cherbourg to Queenstown. The Titanic Experience Cobh looks forward to
keeping their memory alive through this Odell collection going on display
today." added McMahon.
Managing Director of the Titanic Experience Cobh Gillen Joyce spoke with
Cork Reporter David O'Sullivan


text:
Post edit: I'm linking up to Amy's Sew and Tell. She has pretty much the cutest finished project (new baby!) this week. I can't even to begin to compete. 🙂
My first Schibble
34 Comments
angelaMay 13, 2010 at 6:29 am
I haven't done a schibble yet, but I have a couple that are on 'the list'. Yours looks wonderful, great 'work' – the few others that I've loved have also been done in American Jane. The colors are so happy.

I saw Punctuation last week on FQ and just smiled!
KarinMay 13, 2010 at 6:41 am
Love that book and LOVE your quilt! Just received the book and can't wait to start Schnibbling! The X-Rated quilt you made is first on my list as well and after seeing yours, I just might have to track down some of that American Jane! Very cute!
LeslieMay 13, 2010 at 6:46 am
this quilt is great…i love the colors in the AJ lines. this new collection is on my radar….i can not wait to get my hands on it!!
jaybirdMay 13, 2010 at 7:45 am
it looks fantastic!!! i have so many schnibbles patterns.. but i've only ever made one!
About MeMay 13, 2010 at 7:49 am
Ok I haven't seen that fabric line….but now I musst get my hands on it! I see quite a few prints in there that I will need.
MeganMay 13, 2010 at 7:50 am
I'm in the middle of this same pattern! I love the bright colors from the American Jane collection. You're right, the book is chock full of fun patterns. Ever since I bought mine, I've been toting it around from one room to another to peruse while I eat breakfast, watch TV, go to bed, etc.
live a colorful lifeMay 13, 2010 at 8:39 am
I have a collection of Schnibbles patterns. Haven't made one yet. LOVE American Jane fabrics, and have quite a bit in my stash. And I have the new book. What am I waiting for??
Amy - Park City GirlMay 13, 2010 at 8:52 am
Cute! the punctuation line is adorable 😉
Rae AnnMay 13, 2010 at 8:57 am
Amy ~ I LOVE Schnibbles and have been schnibbling for quite a while now! I just got the book at the Am. Quilting on Tuesday and can't wait to dive into making more!
Love the way your's turned out! I haven't made that one yet but it is on my list!
The new American Jane fabric is… TO DIE FOR!!! I think my stash may have to grow a bit more~
euphoriaMay 13, 2010 at 9:03 am
Your snibbles quilt is darling!! And I CANNOT WAIT to get my hands on that Punctuation line! Anything AMerican Jane is perfect!
tracy_aMay 13, 2010 at 9:09 am
Great quilt! Love those happy colors – so yay for new American Jane!
KatyMay 13, 2010 at 9:34 am
such a cute quilt. Obviously everything is cute in American Jane – I'd heard she had a new line coming out, but I hadn't seen it til now. I think it goes without saying I'll be stocking up…big time 😉
LaurenMay 13, 2010 at 10:22 am
Oh my gosh I love that new line from American Jane.

The quilt you made is adorable. What I would do to work for a quilting shop that paid me to quilt. What an awesome job.
EngaMay 13, 2010 at 11:51 am
wou wunderschön die Decke
lg Enga
LaraMay 13, 2010 at 12:32 pm
It's lovely Amy! I did happen to see that there is a new line of American Jane coming out… I will need to enhance my stash with some I think. I missed the first few lines and I would desperately love some Wee Play but by george it seems everyone is holding onto that one for dear life :)

Hope you've had a happy week!
SewCalGalMay 13, 2010 at 1:17 pm
Beautiful. You really did a fantastic job.

SewCalGal
www.sewcalgal.blogspot.com
Nanette Merrill and daughtersMay 13, 2010 at 3:36 pm
I have not schnibbled yet. Believe it or not! I need to. That new AMerican Jane line is calling my name. Do you hear it? I do!
Petit DebutantMay 13, 2010 at 3:38 pm
cute quilt! Oh and I think it's shcNibble with an "n"
ohiostar5May 13, 2010 at 6:24 pm
Yes, I have Schnibbled, have made Sunday's Best and Roundabout. Love the new book "Schnibbles Times Two." I think it is a real winner. BettyLou
NedraMay 13, 2010 at 10:03 pm
Believe it or not, but Sherri was at my house today. (We live an hour apart). She is QUEEN of Schnibbles. I have only made one as a baby quilt for a gift, and look forward to more in my future. Love anything American Jane.
Crafty MamaMay 13, 2010 at 10:11 pm
Love it!! I just got that book too, and can't wait to make all the fabulous quilts in it!
madebymumMay 14, 2010 at 2:20 am
The colours are so happy. Great quilt.
joliesjunebugboutiqueMay 14, 2010 at 7:22 am
So excited about punctuation! IT just looks so pretty!

Love your Quilt! I wish I had all of that talent!

Do you quilt your quilts yourself or take them somewhere?
SherriMay 14, 2010 at 8:54 am
Great quilt…this is one I've been wanting to make! I know it's one of Carrie's favorites too!
Mary on Lake PulaskiMay 14, 2010 at 5:44 pm
You've been Schnibbled Amy! Love the Punctuation too!
amy smartMay 14, 2010 at 10:45 pm
Jolie – I usually take my quilts to a friend. I can't take credit for the quilting at all! (In fact, it's my greatest quilting weakness.) 🙂
pinksuedeshoeMay 14, 2010 at 11:46 pm
ooooOOOOOOOooo! I love it, so cute. This is def going on my to-do list. Love it.
KarenMay 15, 2010 at 12:22 am
The book is super fantastic! I want to make a big one too.
MichelleMay 15, 2010 at 4:23 pm
Such a bright and cheerful quilt, and delightfully scrappy.
MichelleMay 15, 2010 at 7:06 pm
oooooh…schnibbles are on my list…and yours is perfect!

Loving it 🙂
Sarah CraigMay 15, 2010 at 8:01 pm
That is one beautiful quilt! I'll have to check out schnibbles if they are that nice!! Good work!
JackieMay 17, 2010 at 5:44 am
Very cute Schnibble! I just adore American Jane too! Love the upcoming fabric line!
ChaseMay 18, 2010 at 11:57 am
thanks for the heads up on american jane's new line. the retro colors are so great~
DaynaMay 18, 2010 at 3:01 pm
This is really beautiful!


text:
From "Tar Heel Monthly"
Twenty years ago next month, over 61,000 people in attendance and millions watching on television witnessed legend in the making. Simply put, on March 29th, 1982, the University of North Carolina basketball team won the NCAA Championship. But as the years have passed, we now know something more was happening. Not just a game won, a championship attained, a trophy raised, but a benchmark for the ages set. That game, that team, that season has lived on beyond its 40 minutes, its 24 members, its 32-2 record. If you add the numbers 1, 9, 8, and 2 together, 20 is the answer. And proven time and time again over these last 20 years, the 1982 season has been the answer to all that is right about college basketball in general, and Carolina Basketball in particular.
"That Final Four, there may never be a group of four teams assembled that were that good." A strong, but true statement by Coach Bill Guthridge, chief assistant to Coach Dean Smith in 1982. Even with such a stellar cast – Louisville, Houston, Georgetown, and Carolina - try as you might, finding new angles on the legacy of that 1982 season and team can be difficult.
The focus of that team from the first day of practice centered entirely around winning the National Championship, due in part to losing in the 1981 title game. "I think what happened is over the 80-81 season when we went to the Finals and lost, there was a renewed commitment," remembers senior point guard Jimmy Black. "Everyone felt that we would have a chance to win the whole thing and the team in particular focused on that challenge and that task."
To get so close the previous year was just the right motivation to carry throughout the season. So intent on winning it all, the team would chant at the end of each practice, "One, Two, Three, Thirty!" The 'thirty' represented the date after the title game when the team would be National Champions. Even the combination on the door to the players' lounge was coded to that day - a continuous, subtle reminder of what everyone was working towards. "You never know what that does," Coach Smith says, "but it gets them thinking long range goals. We always have that."
What is not so subtle now, is how that UNC roster of coaches and players reads like a Who's Who of collegiate and professional basketball. Worthy, Perkins, Jordan. Smith, Guthridge, Fogler, Williams. All household names, synonymous with success on the hardwood. Look even farther down the bench and the trend continues. Matt Doherty, the role player, now in his familiar role as head coach at Carolina. With Doherty's AP Coach of the Year award last season, unbelievably, five national coaches of the year were sitting on that '82 bench! Add to that list sixth man Buzz Peterson, now considered one of the best young coaches in the country. Young? Wasn't that Championship 20 years ago?
And no discussion of the 1982 season would be complete without including point guard Jimmy Black. Senior leader, coach on the floor, rock steady defender and ball handler. Ask any member of his team, and they will tell you, "Without Jimmy Black, we don't cut down the nets in New Orleans." That's a Matt Doherty quote, but it could be James, Sam, Michael, Coach Smith, or any other member of the team. "Boss" as he was called, was just that – in charge. "When you win there's glory for everyone," Guthridge says. "We couldn't have done it without Jimmy Black."
"For a team to be good you have to have people that aren't trying to get their points," Coach Dean Smith recalls while sitting in his basement office in the building that bears his name. "If Jimmy and Matt were thinking points we never would have been a great team. We would have been a good team, but wouldn't have been a championship team. They knew their roles, and played them well, everybody did."
In fact, it was the senior Black that called a team-only meeting the day after Virginia decisively beat Carolina in Charlottesville. Players and managers, crammed into the small Granville Towers room, rededicated themselves to each other and the season that afternoon. The commitment and camaraderie were real – the team would not lose again. "I don't know how integral I was," Black says. "We all played well together, we enjoyed each other, we communicated well. I still go back to the total team effort."
But even with that team effort, the stars do grab the spotlight, and the supporting cast gets whatever is left over. And that was the joy of this team - that everyone did know their role and accepted it. "We weren't a real deep team," Smith says. The starting five all played the majority of the 40 minutes, with Peterson and Jim Braddock serving as first off the bench reserves. Senior Chris Brust would spell Perkins and Worthy. In fact, one of the backstorys of the Championship game centers on "Brusty." He played 4 minutes, scored one point. The Tar Heels defeated the Georgetown Hoyas by one point. "If I hadn't made that foul shot, we'd still be playing," Brust says. See what I mean about knowing your role? And he even got his picture on the cover of Sports Illustrated that week!
Other reserves went on to grab the spotlight in other ways, as well. Center John Brownlee, stuck behind Perkins and incoming freshman Brad Daugherty, eventually transferred to Texas where he became Southwest Conference Player of the Year. Guard Lynwood Robinson transferred to Appalachian State, leading them in scoring his junior and senior years. That's how good this team was – players getting no game time actually excelled at other programs! "That was a team where we really relied on the starters," Guthridge says. "But certainly all members of that team deserve some credit because they worked everyday in practice and contributed when they had to."
Other contributors included centers Warren Martin and Timo Makkonen, and senior co-captain Jeb Barlow. Barlow enjoys telling the story of Coach Smith apologizing to him after the Championship game for not getting him any playing time. "It's just so typical of Coach Smith," Barlow remembers. "I didn't get an opportunity to play in that game. We were in the lockerroom after the game, my dad's in there and we're all celebrating, hooping and hollering. Coach Smith comes over to me immediately after he gets into the room, before he talks to anybody else. He pulls me to the side and apologizes for not getting me in the game. Basically, he was sorry that I didn't get a chance to play in my last college game. I said, 'Coach, we just won the National Championship! I could care less if I got in the game or not!'"
Another little known story regarding a player who did not get in the game was forward Cecil Exum, one of the most popular members on the team. Following his graduation, he moved to Australia to play professional basketball. Despite being from a small North Carolina town and considered shy and quiet while on the team, Exum went on to be labeled the "Michael Jordan of Australian Basketball" while he played, at times not even able to walk down the street without seeing himself on a billboard or being mobbed for autographs. Even in the land Down Under, the Tar Heels and their Championship carried a lot of weight. "People know, because I make sure that they know," Exum explains. "Being popular in the States is very different than here - Australians love everything about being American. I guess overseas players are really ambassadors of their sport and the university that they attended."
Ambassador. Oh yes, if there ever was an ambassador for the '82 Championship and Carolina Basketball, Mike Jordan owns that title. Everyone now knows him, of course, as Michael. But the UNC media guide that year did list him as Mike. Maybe then-Sports Information Director Rick Brewer knew that Jordan would sign with Nike a few years later and was pleased with how the two words seemed to rhyme despite the shoe company's two syllables. He did sign his college application 'Michael', the name that caught on towards mid-season. Eventually, the Gatorade "Be Like Mike" campaign would resurrect those four letters, but the memory ingrained in all Carolina fans will be that photograph of Michael Jordan, clock time, :17 over his shoulder. Simply known as "The Shot", the most famous shot in Carolina history.
Al Steele, a Daily Tar Heel photographer in 1982, was one of only a few to capture that image. He remembers his shot of "The Shot": "I had actually moved into another area to shoot the end of the game, trying to be able to get the floor and the bench. I probably wasn't supposed to be there, but sometimes it's just luck to get a shot like that, one that ends up being so well known. But I didn't know what I had when I took the picture. It means a lot to have taken that picture. People will be talking about that shot, and I'll tell them that I took it, and they can't believe it."
Despite Steele's photographic evidence, if you ask Coaches Smith and Guthridge, they believe "The Shot" actually occurred at the 3:26 mark. Oh, Jordan still took it, but it was a layup, not a jumper. "Well it was a great shot," Guthridge says recalling Michael's game winner, "but one of the best shots of the game was a driving layup a few minutes earlier when he laid it almost off the top of the backboard to get it over Ewing." Smith concurs: "I thought it was a great drive, and then I saw Patrick come in and it flashed through my mind that it was going to be blocked. That was a sensational shot."
So sensational, the right-handed Jordan still can't believe he scored with his left hand. "I don't know why I threw a left handed layup," he recalls. "I hate using my left hand. My left hand is the weakest part of my game. But I used it that one particular time. Couldn't believe it. It turned it (the game) around. Threw a shot that was totally unbelievable, almost hit the top of the backboard and went in, over Ewing."
It was a turning point of the game, putting Carolina up 61-58. But the Heels would not score again until the defining point happened over 3 minutes later. With 17 seconds left, one final shot helped define one career(Smith), and start another with the swish of the net. "It was pre-destined," Jordan says. "It was destiny. Ever since I made that shot, everything has just fallen in to place for me. If that shot hadn't gone in I don't think I would be where I am today."
Despite the team's rock star-like status, All-America Sam Perkins did not mind the lack of headlines and glory associated with his role on the team. Soft spoken and quiet, "Silent Sam" was more than happy to let Worthy and Jordan squint at the camera lights. But what "Big Smooth", as he would later be nicknamed, did in the semi-finals against Houston is maybe more astonishing in the fact that fans hardly remember it when discussing the '82 Championship. "I remember what a great game Sam Perkins had in the semi-finals against Akeem(now Hakeem) Olajuwon," Guthridge reflects. "If Sam doesn't play that way against Houston, there's a chance we wouldn't have gotten to the championship game." Perkins, himself, has gone on record saying he almost forgets that game when asked about the '82 Final Four!
But memories have not let us forget what happened after that Saturday night, when another star would shine two days later. Monday night was of course the 'big game', so who else should put the team on his back other than "Big Game James"? Without a doubt, junior James Worthy was the star of this UNC team. Sure, Perkins was All-America, but so was Worthy. Jordan had "The Shot" around 11:00pm that night, but "Stick"(Worthy's nickname to the players) had the 28 points and the Most Outstanding Player trophy from the NCAA Championship just after the eleven o'clock hour.
On another television network about the same time, Chariots of Fire was winning an Oscar for Best Motion Picture, while Worthy was cutting down the nets in New Orleans - the only net he really wanted, he had been telling anyone that would listen. You can almost hear that theme song from Chariots accompanying a Worthy highlight reel from the Championship game. Makes you almost want to take the 1982 Best Actor Oscar away from Henry Fonda(for On Golden Pond) and give it to Worthy for best performance by a leading man!
Now, ironically enough, you can catch Chariots Of Fire and the 1982 NCAA Championship game on ESPN Classic. The movie is considered one of the great sports movies of all time, the game, one of the great Championships of all time. That's what 20 years will do – turn you into a classic, not that there was any doubt of the legacy that game would attain.
And yes, even 20 years later, the 1982 classic has been modernized. A quick check on the eBay auction site lists several Upper Deck trading cards containing a small piece of the Carmichael Auditorium floor, Jordan's blue jersey, and the text "20th Anniversary 1982 NCAA Title" going for over $400.00! That media guide that lists "Mike Jordan" regularly sells for over $100.00. Memorabilia from Dean Smith, Worthy, and Perkins are all hot sellers in today's market. That's what legendary status will do for you. "I think so," Guthridge agrees. "They were a great team, made up of great individuals, and coached by the greatest coach. It was a dream season, especially when you look back on it and think of the players that were on that team and the way the season went. It was an unbelievable year."
To properly reflect on that unbelievable year, take a look at the team picture(which, by the way is a hot piece of memorabilia as well). Twenty-four members: 4 coaches, 15 players, 4 managers, 1 trainer. Twenty years later, there are two direct connections to the 1982 team on the 2002 team – Matt Doherty and trainer Marc Davis. Davis, or "Skate" as all Carolina players call him, has been in all 20 UNC team pictures since 1982. He, if anyone, should know a little about this legendary stuff. "One thing I've always said is to win the National Championship you've got to be good, you've got to be healthy, you've got to have some luck," Davis says. "And that team personified all those things. We were obviously very good, and I'm sure you could think of some instances where luck may have come into play." And with no significant injury or health problems, that team did not keep Davis and his training room very busy. "That was one of the things pretty remarkable about that season is that medically, it was probably one of the easiest years we've ever had."
And yes, Davis and the Tar Heels did win another NCAA Championship eleven years later in 1993. However this time the star power was on the other team in the guise of Michigan's "Fab Five." But George Lynch, Eric Montross, Derrick Phelps, Brian Reese, and Donald Williams played Coach Smith's team-oriented style to perfection in defeating the Wolverines. "The '82 title team definitely had more talent," Lynch, now a member of the NBA's Charlotte Hornets says. "The '93 team was inspired by determination, team work, and a lot of sacrifices. If you compare the two teams talent-wise, the '82 team had a lot more. Ninety-three was more about a desire to win. I can remember my four years at Carolina and two of my first three years Duke University had won the National Championship, so it was my duty as a senior at the University of North Carolina to win a championship before I left town."
Yet, despite both teams achieving the ultimate accomplishment in collegiate basketball, the '93 squad has not seemed to attract the legendary status that the '82 team has reached. Even Lynch acknowledges this: "Yeah, any time you talk about a National Championship that game is always shown on television with Michael Jordan hitting the shot and talking about the guys that were on that team and how well they played and how many made it to the pros and had great NBA careers."
The coaching staff even used a little '82 influence as motivation for the '93 team. They changed a picture from the 1982 Championship game that showed the scoreboard message, "Congratulations to North Carolina, 1982 NCAA Champions," to read "1993 Champions", placing the doctored picture in each player's locker at the beginning of the season.
Comparing teams has always been taboo under Coaches Smith and Guthridge, and rightly so. They never have wanted to say one group was better than another despite the season's outcome, even if that included winning a National Championship. "We never have one player as a favorite player or one team, as our favorite team," Guthridge explains. "We've had a lot of other favorite teams and a lot of other very good teams that weren't able to win the national championship. And it's too bad that you have to, in some ways, to be remembered, you have to win a national championship. Because it's just a one game playoff and anything can happen. In '84 if Jordan doesn't get some bad calls we might have been National Champion, or '77 or '98. So you can't belittle those teams. Had we been like the pros, a best of seven playoff, we'd had some more."
Coach Smith agrees, although he does hint of the '82 season's impact. "It was a special time certainly," Smith says. "But I always didn't want to judge a team based on…so much can be luck. On a previous game, you just get by, like the '77 team. All the teams have been special to me, but certainly to be the first one where I was head coach… It's been significant in my life, but again, I don't want to belittle all those other teams that sure came so close, but it was special."
Coach Smith never even wore his Championship ring, for fear of favoring one team over the other. Instead, choosing to wear his Hall Of Fame ring, which he feels better represents all the teams he coached. In fact, few members of the '82 team wear their hardware. Doherty dusted his off when he became the Carolina coach last season to help inspire his new team. He now keeps it in a trophy case in his Smith Center office displayed with his other award rings. Jordan keeps his in a safe. Lynwood Robinson presented his mother the ring to thank her for all she had done for him. However the ring was lost when her house was destroyed by a tornado. Miraculously, the gold ring with the big number '1' emblazoned on its face was found days later in a nearby yard.
Yes, that 1982 dream season's impact and personal stories remain strong twenty years later. But one final story of that season may be the most telling of all, according to Cecil Exum. Just two days - two days! - after winning the National Championship - Wednesday March 31st, 1982 to be exact – an early morning visit seemed to put it all in perspective for the players. "During that time, I think the players had the utmost respect for our coaches," Exum recalls. "And even after winning the '82 Championship it was business as usual. I can remember Coach Guthridge and Coach Williams showing up at the dorm to check to see if we were going to class the day after we got back from New Orleans. We were Champions and they still were doing their job. I don't think any of the players had planned to go to class that day and they caught us out. Nothing gets past or got past those coaches!"
And for that we can all be extremely grateful. There would be no sleeping in for the team because that 1982 season, indeed, set the standard for Carolina Basketball. Coach Smith's mantra - play hard, play smart, play together – helped create twenty years of memories, not just for the team members, but for the thousands of Tar Heels fans that continue to revel in the glory of that legendary season.
"It was a fun time I hope, not just for everyone closely involved, but for the whole student population," Jimmy Black says. "I thought it was a chance for everyone to rally around each other and enjoy a wonderful time in our young adult lives."
"I can't believe it's been twenty years," Exum says. "That Championship and those memories are imprinted in my mind as if it happened yesterday."