text:
Jack Balkin:
jackbalkin at yahoo.com
Bruce Ackerman
bruce.ackerman at yale.edu
Ian Ayres
ian.ayres at yale.edu
Corey Brettschneider
corey_brettschneider at brown.edu
Mary Dudziak
mary.l.dudziak at emory.edu
Joey Fishkin
joey.fishkin at gmail.com
Heather Gerken heather.gerken at yale.edu
Abbe Gluck abbe.gluck at yale.edu
Mark Graber
mgraber at law.umaryland.edu
Stephen Griffin
sgriffin at tulane.edu
Jonathan Hafetz
jonathan.hafetz at shu.edu
Jeremy Kessler
jkessler at law.columbia.edu
Andrew Koppelman
akoppelman at law.northwestern.edu
Marty Lederman
msl46 at law.georgetown.edu
Sanford Levinson
slevinson at law.utexas.edu
David Luban
david.luban at gmail.com
Gerard Magliocca
gmaglioc at iupui.edu
Jason Mazzone
mazzonej at illinois.edu
Linda McClain
lmcclain at bu.edu
John Mikhail
mikhail at law.georgetown.edu
Frank Pasquale
pasquale.frank at gmail.com
Nate Persily
npersily at gmail.com
Michael Stokes Paulsen
michaelstokespaulsen at gmail.com
Deborah Pearlstein
dpearlst at yu.edu
Rick Pildes
rick.pildes at nyu.edu
David Pozen
dpozen at law.columbia.edu
Richard Primus
raprimus at umich.edu
K. Sabeel Rahmansabeel.rahman at brooklaw.edu
Alice Ristroph
alice.ristroph at shu.edu
Neil Siegel
siegel at law.duke.edu
David Super
david.super at law.georgetown.edu
Brian Tamanaha
btamanaha at wulaw.wustl.edu
Nelson Tebbe
nelson.tebbe at brooklaw.edu
Mark Tushnet
mtushnet at law.harvard.edu
Adam Winkler
winkler at ucla.edu
Compendium of posts on Hobby Lobby and related cases
The Anti-Torture Memos: Balkinization Posts on Torture, Interrogation, Detention, War Powers, and OLC
The Anti-Torture Memos (arranged by topic)
Recent Posts
Complaints About Law Review Submissions, And What Is Changing
Monday, May 19, 2008
Complaints About Law Review Submissions, And What Is Changing
Brian Tamanaha
As predictable as the sun will rise every day, every couple of months will come a rash of complaints about the unfairness of the law review submission process. The latest round followed from the discovery that Yale Law Journal's claimed "blind review" process is not blind (update: an editor of the journal just sent a note explaining that their review is completely blind, so this complaint against YLJ may well be unwarranted).
Would you mind digressing from your topic and explaining to the rest of us why law journals are edited by students?
The letterhead bias exists in other disciplines, so I recognize that having expert editors would not solve this problem.
As a geezer with over 50 years of practice, I appreciate and enjoy the greater timeliness that SSRN provides, even in draft form, of articles that may end up in law reviews. It is not only the Legal Theory Blog but also the Legal History Blog that culls, recommends, links to SSRN articles. I am grateful to them now that I have more time to read for pleasure without the battle of billable hours.
I think it happened by accident. The main legal journals in the nineteenth century were run by lawyers and judges (Western Jurist, Albany Law Journal, American Law Journal). In the later part of the century the students at Harvard Law School decided to start and run their own journal, and that's what set it off.
As to why this practice continues today, the answer, I think, is that it takes a lot of work to manage submissions (I was an associate editor for a professional journal) and professors don't want to do it. That's another reason why we shouldn't complain.
For a geezer, you are still sharp and active. Thanks for your participation on this blog. And thanks for reminding me about Legal History Blog, which I added to the post.
Brian, I have two questions: why don't more law faculty members attempt to develop faculty-edited journals? And, why don't more legal academics try to publish outside of the law reviews (e.g., in political science or 'law and society' journals)?
Prof. Tamanaha:
We virtually always consult SSRN at my (non-blind, non-YLJ, top-20) law review. If we happen to be aware of blog discussion/publicity/interest, that gets considered in addition to the traditional criteria such as the author's CV, faculty recommendations, and what we independently think of the article. I'd be surprised to learn that other (non-blind) journals don't operate in the same way. Thus, it's not so much "plausible that student editors will begin to use SSRN" as: this is already widespread practice.
(Incidentally, we will still publish an article lacking all the secondary indicia if we like it enough [and if it the screening AE likes it enough to push it to committee]. More stuff probably gets lost that way, of course. And it's a lot easier to talk yourself into an article from Richard Epstein if you're on the fence than an article from a practicing attorney [to give fairly extreme examples].)
Law professors do publish in peer reviewed journals, but this is unusual. There is a standard pecking order for the CV value (career enhancing) of publications, dominated by the top 20 law reviews, so that's what everyone seeks. Things are skewed so strongly in this direction that many (most?) law professors would take a top 40 law review placement over a peer reviewed journal, simply because the latter get less recognition within the standard formula.
Thanks for the information. That's pretty much what I suspected.
than an article from a practicing attorney [to give fairly extreme examples].)
The lowest of the low, apparently.
...bloggers have a huge exposure advantage...
The difference being anyone can start a blog. (I'll submit Althouse as Exhibit A in support of this contention...).
...correcting, somehow, for the blogger advantage...
You mean like they now correct for the Ivy-League vita advantage? :-)
Also, as long as we're trumpeting legal-academy blogs, one of the best is Empirical Legal Studies, particularly for those of us who believe peer review is a better system.
"Lower ranked" professors commonly believe that pre-publishing a piece on line (SSRN or their own home page) kills the chance of placement in a journal. They publish on SSRN only after receiving a bid from a law review and getting the review's approval.
I'm not quite ready to buy that law review editors will be savvy enough to correct for the blogger advantage.
On the other hand, I'm not quite ready to buy that they even want to do that. The point for the law reviews isn't quality, isn't readers and citations. If a piece is read more, do they really care why it's read more?
As a professor at the University of Toledo College of Law in exotic Toledo, Ohio I send articles out and see who picks them up.
We are around 107 on US News and World Report. Some of us get into the top 20 and some don't. Some get into first journals and some get into more specialized journals at top schools.
I understand that at some law reviews you have to shmooze the editors to get them to even read an article. Maybe we'll see forms of payola in the future and some law professor equivalent to Alan Freed will become the scandal.
It is all a very mysterious process. As far as I have seen it, all one can do is write what one thinks is important and send it out. When you die what you wrote is all that will remain that is direct evidence of your contribution to legal thought.
The indirect evidence is in the students that you have a chance to teach and watch them go off and do things and influence others. And then there is the service that is done for something that has meaning.
When I was an Articles Editor for the Harvard International Law Journal - second journal there - we did read all the draft articles submitted. I do not think that there were as many back then as there are now.
I can only speak for my own journal on this, but we do not consider your piece to have already been published, and thus refuse to publish it, if you've posted it (a draft, really) on SSRN. To the contrary, it probably helps you, if the piece is downloaded enough to show that there is interest in it, and this is probably even more the case where you're a "lower ranked" professor (we already know that there will be interest in anything Richard Posner writes).
I would say that we don't want to correct for the blogger advantage. Free publicity is free publicity, and thus, if you're a regular contributor to Balkinization or Volokh or Concurring Opinions or if you're Brian Leiter, that's likely to count in your favor.
Of course, there's no mathematical formula here -- ultimately it comes down to how we "feel" about the piece. And ultimately we want to get citations and to have our articles be discussed, sure, but we also want everything we publish to be good. So the "blogging bump," as you might call it, won't come into play in a situation where it might need correcting for, i.e. where we think the article simply isn't that good.
William said (12:11 PM) --
>>>>>> Would you mind digressing from your topic and explaining to the rest of us why law journals are edited by students? <<<<<<
Excellent question. Richard Posner says,
IN ACADEMIC LAW, AS IN MOST ACADEMIC FIELDS, the principal vehicle for the publication of scholarly work is the scholarly journal. But in other academic fields, except law, the most prestigious journals are edited by seasoned specialists, usually professors, who have had years of experience both as editors and as scholars in the field covered by the journal. Not only that, but in deciding what to publish, the scholar-editors usually are strongly influenced by the advice they receive from other professors, to whom they refer the submitted articles for peer review . . . .
The system of scholarly publication in law is starkly different. With a few exceptions, law reviews are edited by law students rather than by professors or other professionals. The law reviews are numerous, are published bimonthly or at more frequent intervals, are edited without peer review, and are seemingly unconstrained in length. (emphasis added)
What qualifies law students to edit law journals without even using peer review ? In what other learned profession does this kind of thing happen? Law students are not even considered fully qualified to write law journal articles themselves -- their law journal articles are called "notes." Something else I have noticed is that most law journals are published by individual law schools whereas most scholarly journals in other fields are published by scholarly societies -- it is apparent that the student-editing of law journals helps to account for this difference.
Brian Tamanaha said (2:42 PM) --
>>>>>> I think it happened by accident. The main legal journals in the nineteenth century were run by lawyers and judges (Western Jurist, Albany Law Journal, American Law Journal). In the later part of the century the students at Harvard Law School decided to start and run their own journal, and that's what set it off. <<<<<<
Richard Posner also said,
This system -— so strange, even incomprehensible, to scholars in other fields -— first emerged in the latter part of the 19th century, when legal scholarship was primarily a professional rather than an academic product. Its primary aim was to serve judges and practicing lawyers, rather than other professors, by offering careful doctrinal analysis, noting, for example, divergent lines of authority and trying to reconcile them.
Brian Tamanaha continued (2:42 PM) --
>>>>>> As to why this practice continues today, the answer, I think, is that it takes a lot of work to manage submissions (I was an associate editor for a professional journal) and professors don't want to do it. That's another reason why we shouldn't complain. <<<<<<<
There is plenty of reason to complain. Having submitted papers peer-reviewed by experts in the subjects of the papers means less work -- not more work -- for journal editors because the journal editors then don't have to review papers on unfamiliar subjects. How this pattern of student-editing of journals without peer review of papers ever became the norm in the legal profession is beyond me. The law journals are not just educational exercises for the students -- the Harvard Law Review alone was cited 4410 times by federal courts alone in the decade 1970-79. The courts' acceptance of law journal articles that have not been peer-reviewed shows that the law profession has very low standards. Another sign of the profession's low standards is the practice and acceptance of arbitrary censorship of visitors' comments on law blogs.
In contrast to the field of law, peer review is a fetish among Darwinists -- a common argument against criticisms of Darwinism is that the criticisms were not published in peer-reviewed journals. In Kitzmiller v. Dover, Judge John E. Jones III, in a profession where scholarly journals are typically not peer-reviewed, hypocritically ruled that Intelligent Design is not science because supposedly it has not been published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Brian Tamanaha said (original post) --
>>>>>. . . . it becomes clear that the only solution for the "unfairness" in the process (though "unfairness" is the wrong word) is to come to a collective recognition that the placement of an article is not itself a measure of its quality. Law professors often say this, but deep down they don't really believe it because elite journals have magical names. <<<<<<
Also, William said (12:11 PM) --
>>>>> The letterhead bias exists in other disciplines, so I recognize that having expert editors would not solve this problem. <<<<<<
Law is the most snobbish of the professions. A post on my blog titled "Hahvahd Law School snobbery" describes the grotesque degree of overrepresentation of Ivy League law schools -- particularly the Harvard Law School -- on the US Supreme Court and in the courts' citations of law journal articles.
Larry Fafarman
-- Association of Non-Censoring Bloggers
I just want to clarify.
Brian Tamanaha said,
>>>>>> As to why this practice continues today, the answer, I think, is that it takes a lot of work to manage submissions (I was an associate editor for a professional journal) and professors don't want to do it. That's another reason why we shouldn't complain. <<<<<<
I don't see anything wrong per se with student editing of law journals -- what irks me is the lack of peer review. And peer review is not just for the purpose of screening papers -- peer review also helps improve papers.
Peer review of law papers is often easier than peer review in other fields -- for example, in mathematics it may be difficult to check another mathematician's derivations.
So often have I read biographies of prominent people and seen that they were student editors of law journals and thought nothing of it. Now I am really shocked to learn that these law journals are not peer reviewed, are the official law journals of law schools, and are frequently authoritatively cited by court opinions, other law journals, etc.. I can now see why legal professionals see nothing wrong with arbitrary censorship of visitors' comments on blogs. My opinion of the ethical standards of the law profession grows lower by the day.
The website of the Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law implies that peer review of law journals is unusual:
BJCL is one of the first legal journals to have instituted a Faculty Advisory Committee, which reviews articles we accept for publication. If you publish with our journal, you will have the benefit of peer review of your scholarship by leading criminal law faculty at Boalt Hall.
I think that maybe a big reason why the law journals are typically not peer-reviewed is that these journals are usually published by individual law schools whereas the best potential peer-reviewers may be at other law schools or outside the law schools entirely, particularly when a submitted paper is on a very narrow and highly specialized subject. I think that a potential peer-reviewer who is not on the faculty of a particular law school would not be strongly motivated to peer-review papers submitted to a law journal published by that school. IMO journals published by scholarly societies have less trouble in finding peer-reviewers. Any way that one looks at it, the law journal system is screwed up.
That's how it works. And, let's be honest, it's justifiable.
Good point. The problem is, it's turtles all the way down. Admissions committees bombarded with thousands of applications use LSATs as a proxy for student quality. Hiring committees looking at hundreds of FARs then use law school as a proxy for quality. Law review editor browsing thousands of submissions use letterhead as a proxy for quality. Then other law professors with stacks of unread articles on their desks use placement as a proxy for quality.
We could short-circuit the whole process by just using LSATs to determine tenure votes.
I just can't believe this pattern of law journals generally having no peer review, whether or not they are edited by students. Why don't different law schools have their own policies about peer review of law journals? What kind of credibility should the field of law have when the major journals in the field are not peer-reviewed?
It is almost like the idea of an engineering school having a student-edited flagship journal with no peer review. Engineering has many branches, e.g., mechanical, electrical, and civil, and each branch has sub-branches, e.g., mechanical engineering has strength of materials, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, etc.. And then the sub-branches have their own branches. The journal editors confronted with papers outside their specialties wouldn't have a clue (of course, the problem in engineering is worse than in law because the training in engineering is often highly specialized, but the problem nonetheless exists in law). A psychology professor of mine once observed, "you can't be a genius if you don't know anything" -- the principle applies to individual subjects as well as knowledge in general.
Peer review in law is actual more effective than peer review in some other fields, because everything is out in the open in law and can be easily checked, whereas peer reviewers in other fields often find it difficult or impossible to reproduce experimental results, check mathematical derivations, check computer program coding and computer outputs, etc..
Also, where peer review of these law school journals is done at all, it is often just in-house review by faculty that is done, whereas the best peer-reviewers may be outside the law school.
The Harvard Law Review now requires faculty review of submitted articles, and considering Harvard's great influence, other law journals may follow suit--
. . . unlike many journals, we require faculty reviews and a vote of our entire staff before we can accept a piece.
Peer-reviewed law journals are discussed here.
As a student-editor of a journal, i have long been bewildered that students edit journals. Students who barely have a grasp of tort law (okay, those of us who were taught by Prof. Tamanaha have a vice grip on tort law), and who have zero experience in legal academia, are the gatekeepers. We are barely qualified for the task of bluebooking a journal, let alone editing it. We take it seriously and work diligently, but editing is a job for professors, not students.
Our use of indicia of eliteness is not only justified, but necessary. Students can't and shouldn't be expected to work at the level of experienced academics. Like so much in law school, it is an insane system that continues via institutional inertia and conservatism.
beckett said (10:14 PM) --
>>>>> As a student-editor of a journal, i have long been bewildered that students edit journals. <<<<<<
As I said, to me the big problem is not the student editing but the lack of peer review. Often even faculty members are not well-qualified to review articles outside their very narrow areas of specialization. Often the best peer reviewers are outside the law school and sometimes even outside the legal profession altogether. It shouldn't even be called "peer review" because reviewers outside the law profession are not really "peers" -- it should be called "expert review." I am not a legal professional, but on my blog I have specialized in "monkey trials" -- e.g., Kitzmiller v. Dover, Selman v. Cobb County -- and have read and written dozens of articles about them, and so I understand how long it takes to become familiar with a very narrow area of the law.
Here is a new development that is likely to affect law journals:
. . . the Harvard Law School faculty unanimously voted .. to make each faculty member's scholarly articles available online for free, making HLS the first law school to commit to a mandatory open access policy.
. . . Earlier this semester, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences voted to adopt a policy similar to the Law School's new initiative.
This development may result in more opportunities to comment on the articles. As I said, it is becoming more and more important to have policies against arbitrary censorship of comments posted on the Internet.
Larry Fafarman
-- Association of Non-Censoring Bloggers
Why Student Edited Journals?
I provide a short history of the student-edited journal in The Movement for Open Access Law, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=918298, with citations to the longer histories.
One can argue that the publication of student-edited law reviews anticipated legal realism. Judges were initially affronted by student pieces arguing that cases had been wrongly decided, but they then began to cite and publish in the reviews themselves as notions of law and legal authority evolved.
MC said,
>>>>> One can argue that the publication of student-edited law reviews anticipated legal realism. Judges were initially affronted by student pieces arguing that cases had been wrongly decided, but they then began to cite and publish in the reviews themselves as notions of law and legal authority evolved. <<<<<<
The tone of your comment suggests that student editing of law reviews without peer (or expert) review, faculty review, or faculty supervision is excusable. As I said, these law reviews are not just educational exercises for the students -- the Harvard Law Review alone was cited 4410 times by federal court opinions alone in the decade 1970-79 alone.
The idea of peer (or expert) review actually makes more sense in law than in technical fields. For one thing, the law lends itself to peer review to a greater degree than technical fields. In the field of law, everything is out in the open for everyone to see and references are easily checked to see that quotation or paraphrasing is accurate and that there is no quote-mining, but a reviewer of an article in a technical field may find it difficult or impossible to reproduce experimental results, verify mathematical derivations, check computer coding and computer output, etc.. Hence, peer review in technical fields is often an exercise in futility. Also, because of the principle of stare decisis in law, the consequences of wrong or bad ideas may be longer lasting in law than in technical fields. There is no principle of stare decisis in technical fields -- wrong or bad ideas in technical fields are readily discarded.
Larry Fafarman Said:
"This development may result in more opportunities to comment on the articles. As I said, it is becoming more and more important to have policies against arbitrary censorship of comments posted on the Internet."
What hypocrisy! Larry lists himself as the president of the "Association of Non-Censoring Bloggers", an organization with only one member. At the same time, his own blog "I'm From Missouri", while having a header decrying censorship, is heavily censored. He even goes as far as to copy parts of what he has censored out of context and then comment on them while censoring out any answers.
Bill C is full of crap. And he doesn't even have the guts to give his real name.
I finally had to start deleting comments on my blog because trolls like himself were taking advantage of my no-censorship policy by cluttering up my blog with crap like the following:
(1) Gossip about my private affairs
(2) Outright lies about objective facts, e.g., saying that I admitted something that I did not admit and that I denied admitting
(3) Saying that I misunderstood something without giving another interpretation
Meanwhile, he sees nothing wrong with the real arbitrary censorship that goes on at other blogs & websites. He is a hypocritical sack of *%@^.
> Bill C is full of crap. And he doesn't even have the guts to give his real name. <
As Larry knows, my name is Bill Carter. Although I have known Larry for a half century, he claims that I do not exist. He also claims that his brother Dave does not exist.
> (1) Gossip about my private affairs <
Larry considers correcting misstatements he makes about himself or pointing out his failures in court to be "gossip about his private affairs." Larry has a remarkable string of failures in court which he attributes to "corrupt judges".
> (2) Outright lies about objective facts, e.g., saying that I admitted something that I did not admit and that I denied admitting <
Larry is projecting. He often claims that others have said things that they have not. He has in the same post denied that he has censored anything and then tried to explain why it was censored.
>(3) Saying that I misunderstood something without giving another interpretation <
If another interpretation is given and Larry doesn't understand or agree with it,he pretends that it hasn't been made.
> Meanwhile, he sees nothing wrong with the real arbitrary censorship that goes on at other blogs & websites. He is a hypocritical sack of *%@^. <
Larry has been unable to give an example of where he has been censored arbitrarily although he has been banned on at least eight blogs. Wikipedia banned him after his self-proclaimed "edit war". This is described on the Wikipedia site. Ed Brayton banned him not because he asked questions that Ed could not answer but because he engaged in endless personal attacks and sock puppetry. He has yet to show where he was banned anywhere except for his own outrageous behaviour.
This is getting off the subject but when the biggest censor around accused others of censorship, I had to reply. If anyone wants to see what is really going on with Larry's sites "I'm From Missouri" and "Association of Non-Censoring Bloggers", I recommend that they check these sites themselves. The truth of what I am saying and the falsehood of what Larry is saying will be obvious.
Bill C is a lying sack of *&$%#^. I don't know him.
He is a lousy, disgusting fink who takes the side of corrupt judges against the little guy.
>>>> Wikipedia banned him after his self-proclaimed "edit war". <<<<<<
Everyone knows that Wickedpedia sucks, dunghill. You are not fooling anyone.
Here is a description of the point where unscrupulous BVD-clad blogger Fatheaded Ed Brayton kicked me off his blog permanently. He kicked me off because he disagreed with my literal interpretation of a federal court rule. I said that when a plaintiff refuses to accept an out-of-court settlement offer that would provide relief equal to or greater than the maximum relief that could possibly be provided by the courts, the judge may dismiss the suit for "failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted," FRCP 12(b)(6). Duh.
If Bill C.'s claim that I also practice arbitrary censorship of comments is true, then this problem of arbitrary censorship of comments on the Internet is even worse than what I claimed it to be.
Also, I noticed that this blog's blog link list in the sidebar has a link to Fatheaded Ed's "Dispatches from the Culture Wars" blog -- that's a disgrace. Also, why don't you put my blog, "I'm from Missouri", in your blog link list -- my blog has hundreds of posts about legal issues, with many of those posts based on a lot of research. I think that I have the biggest collection of posts on monkey trials of any personal blog on the Internet. If you are too snobbish to link to the blog of a blogger who is not a legal professional, please note that Fatheaded Ed is -- by his own admission -- not even a college graduate.
It's like me saying that murder is a problem and Bill C. saying, "you have not presented one example of where you have been murdered."
Forget about that stupid jerk. He not only clutters up my blog with his worthless garbage, but he follows me around to other blogs and clutters them up too.
> Bill C is a lying sack of *&$%#^. I don't know him. <
Larry has also claimed that his brother Dave is not his real brother, then he tried to sockpuppet a substitute Dave onto Ed Brayton's blog. Ed exposed that scam brilliantly.
Larry has further claimed that several people including myself, "Voice in the Wilderness" whom Larry has blocked from his blog, "Voice in the Urbanness", "Hector", Kevin Vicklund, and several others are actually sockpuppets of Ed Brayton. I wonder what color the sky is on Larry's planet.
> Here is a description of the point where unscrupulous BVD-clad blogger Fatheaded Ed Brayton kicked me off his blog permanently. <
A more acurate description of what happened can be found on Ed Brayton's "Dispatches From the Culture Wars" blog.
> If Bill C.'s claim that I also practice arbitrary censorship of comments is true, then this problem of arbitrary censorship of comments on the Internet is even worse than what I claimed it to be. <
I don't doubt that arbitrary censorship occurs. The problem is that Larry can't show a real case of where arbitrary censorship is practiced on any blog but his own.
> Also, I noticed that this blog's blog link list in the sidebar has a link to Fatheaded Ed's "Dispatches from the Culture Wars" blog -- that's a disgrace. Also, why don't you put my blog, "I'm from Missouri", in your blog link list <
Perhaps it is because, as Wikipedia says, it is a "crappy" blog.
If anyone wants to know the truth, go to Wikipedia for the truth about Larry's sock puppetry and edit wars. For Larry's antics on Ed Brayton's blog, I would recommend that readers check it themselves. To really open your eyes about Larry's "I'm From Missouri" or his one man "Association of Non-Censoring Bloggers" blogs, I would invite people to check them out themselves.
Bill C is a worthless sack of *%$@^ who thinks that the readers of this blog give a damn about his personal attacks on me.
The level of censorship on Larry's blog is increasing as he finds himself less and less able to defend his lunacy logically.
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Books by Balkinization Bloggers
Jack M. Balkin, The Cycles of Constitutional Time (Oxford University Press, 2020)
Mark Tushnet, Taking Back the Constitution: Activist Judges and the Next Age of American Law (Yale University Press 2020).
Andrew Koppelman, Gay Rights vs. Religious Liberty?: The Unnecessary Conflict (Oxford University Press, 2020)
Ezekiel J Emanuel and Abbe R. Gluck, The Trillion Dollar Revolution: How the Affordable Care Act Transformed Politics, Law, and Health Care in America (PublicAffairs, 2020)
Linda C. McClain, Who's the Bigot?: Learning from Conflicts over Marriage and Civil Rights Law (Oxford University Press, 2020)
Sanford Levinson and Jack M. Balkin, Democracy and Dysfunction (University of Chicago Press, 2019)
Sanford Levinson, Written in Stone: Public Monuments in Changing Societies (Duke University Press 2018)
Mark A. Graber, Sanford Levinson, and Mark Tushnet, eds., Constitutional Democracy in Crisis? (Oxford University Press 2018)
Gerard Magliocca, The Heart of the Constitution: How the Bill of Rights became the Bill of Rights (Oxford University Press, 2018)
Cynthia Levinson and Sanford Levinson, Fault Lines in the Constitution: The Framers, Their Fights, and the Flaws that Affect Us Today (Peachtree Publishers, 2017)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, A Realistic Theory of Law (Cambridge University Press 2017)
Sanford Levinson, Nullification and Secession in Modern Constitutional Thought (University Press of Kansas 2016)
Sanford Levinson, An Argument Open to All: Reading The Federalist in the 21st Century (Yale University Press 2015)
Stephen M. Griffin, Broken Trust: Dysfunctional Government and Constitutional Reform (University Press of Kansas, 2015)
Frank Pasquale, The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information (Harvard University Press, 2015)
Bruce Ackerman, We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution (Harvard University Press, 2014)
Balkinization Symposium on We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution
Joseph Fishkin, Bottlenecks: A New Theory of Equal Opportunity (Oxford University Press, 2014)
Mark A. Graber, A New Introduction to American Constitutionalism (Oxford University Press, 2013)
John Mikhail, Elements of Moral Cognition: Rawls' Linguistic Analogy and the Cognitive Science of Moral and Legal Judgment (Cambridge University Press, 2013)
Gerard N. Magliocca, American Founding Son: John Bingham and the Invention of the Fourteenth Amendment (New York University Press, 2013)
Stephen M. Griffin, Long Wars and the Constitution (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Andrew Koppelman, The Tough Luck Constitution and the Assault on Health Care Reform (Oxford University Press, 2013)
James E. Fleming and Linda C. McClain, Ordered Liberty: Rights, Responsibilities, and Virtues (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Balkinization Symposium on Ordered Liberty: Rights, Responsibilities, and Virtues
Andrew Koppelman, Defending American Religious Neutrality (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, Failing Law Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2012)
Sanford Levinson, Framed: America's 51 Constitutions and the Crisis of Governance (Oxford University Press, 2012)
Linda C. McClain and Joanna L. Grossman, Gender Equality: Dimensions of Women's Equal Citizenship (Cambridge University Press, 2012)
Mary Dudziak, War Time: An Idea, Its History, Its Consequences (Oxford University Press, 2012)
Jack M. Balkin, Living Originalism (Harvard University Press, 2011)
Jason Mazzone, Copyfraud and Other Abuses of Intellectual Property Law (Stanford University Press, 2011)
Richard W. Garnett and Andrew Koppelman, First Amendment Stories, (Foundation Press 2011)
Jack M. Balkin, Constitutional Redemption: Political Faith in an Unjust World (Harvard University Press, 2011)
Gerard Magliocca, The Tragedy of William Jennings Bryan: Constitutional Law and the Politics of Backlash (Yale University Press, 2011)
Bernard Harcourt, The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order (Harvard University Press, 2010)
Bruce Ackerman, The Decline and Fall of the American Republic (Harvard University Press, 2010)
Balkinization Symposium on The Decline and Fall of the American Republic
Ian Ayres. Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done (Bantam Books, 2010)
Mark Tushnet, Why the Constitution Matters (Yale University Press 2010)
Ian Ayres and Barry Nalebuff: Lifecycle Investing: A New, Safe, and Audacious Way to Improve the Performance of Your Retirement Portfolio (Basic Books, 2010)
Jack M. Balkin, The Laws of Change: I Ching and the Philosophy of Life (2d Edition, Sybil Creek Press 2009)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, Beyond the Formalist-Realist Divide: The Role of Politics in Judging (Princeton University Press 2009)
Andrew Koppelman and Tobias Barrington Wolff, A Right to Discriminate?: How the Case of Boy Scouts of America v. James Dale Warped the Law of Free Association (Yale University Press 2009)
Jack M. Balkin and Reva B. Siegel, The Constitution in 2020 (Oxford University Press 2009)
Heather K. Gerken, The Democracy Index: Why Our Election System Is Failing and How to Fix It (Princeton University Press 2009)
Mary Dudziak, Exporting American Dreams: Thurgood Marshall's African Journey (Oxford University Press 2008)
David Luban, Legal Ethics and Human Dignity (Cambridge Univ. Press 2007)
Ian Ayres, Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-By-Numbers is the New Way to be Smart (Bantam 2007)
Jack M. Balkin, James Grimmelmann, Eddan Katz, Nimrod Kozlovski, Shlomit Wagman and Tal Zarsky, eds., Cybercrime: Digital Cops in a Networked Environment (N.Y.U. Press 2007)
Jack M. Balkin and Beth Simone Noveck, The State of Play: Law, Games, and Virtual Worlds (N.Y.U. Press 2006)
Andrew Koppelman, Same Sex, Different States: When Same-Sex Marriages Cross State Lines (Yale University Press 2006)
Brian Tamanaha, Law as a Means to an End (Cambridge University Press 2006)
Sanford Levinson, Our Undemocratic Constitution (Oxford University Press 2006)
Mark Graber, Dred Scott and the Problem of Constitutional Evil (Cambridge University Press 2006)
Jack M. Balkin, ed., What Roe v. Wade Should Have Said (N.Y.U. Press 2005)
Sanford Levinson, ed., Torture: A Collection (Oxford University Press 2004)
Balkin.com homepage
Cultural Software
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Useful Links
Syllabi and Exams


text:
DALLAS – For the third year in a row, employees of Haynes and Boone, LLP have made the firm a finalist in the Dallas Business Journal's (DBJ) annual Best Places to Work awards program. Once again, it is the only law firm finalist in the large company category of 500 or more employees.
"Our firm culture is our biggest asset, and I attribute that to the atmosphere of teamwork that continues to bring client success time after time," said Managing Partner Terry Conner. "Our attorneys and staff make us who we are, and we all recognize the incredible value inherent in a collaborative, rewarding work environment."
Honorees, who are chosen by the results of in-depth employee surveys administered by independent firm Quantum Workplace, Inc., will be highlighted at an awards luncheon Sept. 22, and in a special Sept. 23 DBJ publication. The ranking of the top small, medium and large companies will be revealed for the first time at the awards luncheon.
In 2010, Haynes and Boone came in at No. 8 in the large corporation category and was one of only five law firms honored overall.
Media Contact
Sending an email will not establish an attorney-client relationship. You should not send us any information that you want treated confidentially. By clicking Accept you acknowledge that we may review and use any information you transmit to us.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Netflix was one of the biggest additions to the Xbox 360 via the Fall update; 360 owners are now able to stream movies via their system if they have a Gold Live account as well as a Netflix account. Today Microsoft announced that the movie streaming application has been downloaded and activated a total of one million times since it was initially launched back in November.
Currently the service has more than 12,000 pieces of video available to watch—consisting of both films and televisions shows. This has led to more than 1.5 billion minutes of video that 360 users have watched over the past three months, creating an average of 25 hours per user. Currently the service is only available to consumers in the United States.
Combining the free Netflix service with the library of films and TV shows already available on the Xbox Live Marketplace has turned the 360 into a pretty damn good multimedia device. Being able to both stream movies and purchase them gives consumers more of a choice when it comes to their content, which is always a good thing. Now let's work on getting this service up and running in the Great White North.


text:
Miscellaneous thoughts about miscellaneous matters
Its too early to predict a winner in the 2020 presidential election with much confidence, but a few things have happened recently that provide some reasonable ideas. In early October, the Dems had another debate, and the alleged pundits think that Elizabeth Warren came off the winner, and Biden was in second, but Lizzie has since then come out with her 70 trillion dollar medical insurance plan, and Biden continues to plug along. I get the impression that Sanders is seen as falling, and the munchkins
Today (mon. 10/28/2019) I had a conversation about the 2020 presidential election. Over the weekend, Trump was booed and treated to the chant "Lock him up" at a World Series game. I recalled how I had thought a few years ago that 2020 may look a lot like 1860, when it comes to the presidential election. The person I was talking with agreed. Then we tried to figure out who the four major candidates will be. I don't recall who we determined on, but we didn't have confidence in the choices,
I had thought that the horrible 2016 election cycle was over, but three woman have filed a federal court action that could result in the 2016 presidential election being tossed out. I am sure that the text of their action is available online somewhere, but I dont know where. From what I managed to find out, this suit is in regard to Russian actions to affect the election, and their claim is under the Guarantee Clause of the Constitution.
"Allegations are that the U.S. government
It was more than a year ago when I first thought that the 2016 presidential election would be very interesting, and it continues to look interesting. The polls have Hillary with a plurality, but she is at the limit of here favorability, and Trump is also at the limit of his favorability and bumping into his unfavorability numbers, so neither of them is likely to pick up many more votes.
Libertarian candidate, Gary Johnson, has polled as high as 13%, and Jill Stein is polling close
Its been a few years since I first noticed the two-part system in the U.S. falling apart. The process is continuing. The Democrats destroyed their party over the last twenty years by making the party a place for the intellectual leftists, the academics, and the ones who have been supporting international communism for decades. That made the Democrat Party less comfortable for organized labor. The party establishment loved Clinton, Gore, and Obama; all three are intellectual leftists.


text:
Creamy Crab Cheesecake
Total TimePrep: 25 min. + cooling Bake: 35 min. + chilling
Makes20-24 appetizer servings
- 1 cup crushed butter-flavored crackers (about 25 crackers)
- 3 tablespoons butter, melted
- 2 packages (8 ounces each) cream cheese, softened
- 3/4 cup sour cream, divided
- 3 large eggs, lightly beaten
- 2 teaspoons grated onion
- 1 teaspoon lemon juice
- 1/4 teaspoon seafood seasoning
- 2 drops hot pepper sauce
- 1/8 teaspoon pepper
- 1 cup crabmeat, drained, flaked and cartilage removed
- Additional seafood seasoning, optional
- In a small bowl, combine cracker crumbs and butter. Press onto the bottom of the greased 9-in. springform pan. Place pan on baking sheet. Bake at 350° for 10 minutes. Place pan on a wire rack. Reduce heat to 325°.
- In a large bowl, beat cream cheese and 1/4 cup sour cream until smooth. Add eggs; beat on low just until combined. Add onion, lemon juice, seafood seasoning, hot pepper sauce and pepper; beat just until blended. Fold in crab. Pour over crust. Return pan to baking sheet.
- Bake for 35-40 minutes or until center is almost set. Cool pan on a wire rack for 10 minutes. Carefully run a knife around edge of pan to loosen. Cool 1 hour longer. Spread remaining sour cream over top. Refrigerate overnight.
- Remove sides of pan. Let cheesecake stand at room temperature for 30 minutes before serving. Sprinkle with seafood seasoning if desired. Refrigerate leftovers.
Nutrition Facts1 slice: 114 calories, 9g fat (5g saturated fat), 61mg cholesterol, 133mg sodium, 4g carbohydrate (1g sugars, 0 fiber), 4g protein.
Every product is independently selected by our editors. If you buy something through our links, we may earn an affiliate commission.
Recommended Video
Nov 29, 2012
I have made this delicious crab cheesecake for the holidays. Print up some copies of the recipe since you will be asked for it many times. I use Ritz in the crust as well as a spreadable cracker at the gathering. Oooh, it is so good like Mr. Food aslways said.
Dec 7, 2011
I made this appetizer cheesecake to take to a Christmas last Saturday and it was wonderful. I had a lot of request for the recipe and I plan to make it two more times.
Jul 2, 2010
My family goes crabbing several times throughout the year and I am always looking for new ways to use the crab. Crab cheesecake sounded kind of weird to me and I had this recipe for years before I finally decided to make it. I took this cheesecake to a BBQ and everyone raved! It was so good. Glad I decided to make it!
Mar 18, 2010
I made this for a new years eve party and got great responses. It was wonderful.


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LONDON (Reuters) - The leader of the Church of England on Tuesday said a vote last month that struck down proposals to allow women to become bishops had been "deeply painful", but that Christianity was still relevant in Britain despite falling numbers of believers.
Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams, who leads the global 80-million-strong Anglican Communion, said in his Christmas day sermon that the answer to the question of whether Christianity had "had its day" was a "resounding no".
The Church of England narrowly voted against allowing women bishops last month - to the dismay of Williams and Prime Minister David Cameron - in a move its leaders said risked undermining its role as the established church in society with clerics in parliament's upper chamber.
The media, many politicians and some members of the public have criticized the Church of England for failing to allow women bishops and for failing to back government plans for gay marriage at a time when it is under pressure to modernize.
In separate comments aired on Tuesday but recorded earlier, the Roman Catholic Church's leader in England and Wales, Archbishop of Westminster Vincent Nichols, said the government's plans to allow gay marriage were a "shambles" and had no mandate.
No religious organization or cleric will be forced to conduct gay weddings under the plans, but critics fear that clause could be challenged under European human rights laws.
A census showed earlier this month that the number of people in England and Wales describing themselves as Christian has declined by 13 percent over the last decade, but Williams warned secularists not to become "too excited".
"There are a lot more questions to ask before we could possibly assume that the census figures told us that faith was losing its hold on society," Williams said.
"In the deeply painful aftermath of the synod's vote last month, what was startling was how many people who certainly wouldn't have said yes to the census question turned out to have a sort of investment in the church," he said.
Williams, 62, is stepping down after 10 years in his post, and will be replaced next year by former oil executive Justin Welby.
Williams has agonized over schisms in the Anglican Communion and has said he hopes his successor has "the constitution of an ox and the skin of a rhinoceros".
Reporting by Mohammed Abbas; Editing by Andrew Osborn
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.


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Seeing an anime character die allegedly inspired a 14 year-old Russian boy to jump one hundred feet to his death, says a report.
According to Mail Online, Leonid Hmelev committed suicide after seeing his favorite character, Naruto character Itachi Uchiha, die in anime Naruto: Shippuden. The character's death reportedly saddened the boy.
It's been known since 2008 that the character dies.
'I always told him he spent too much time watching the TV-he didn't know what was reality and what was fiction anymore," said his father, Ivan.
Hmelev left home after watching Naruto: Shippuden, leaving a message on a social networking site that he was "planning an ending". His body was discovered after being missing for two days.
Obviously, there seems to be more going on here, than a simple cause and effect. Still, as Mail Online points out, Russia has the third highest teen suicide rate in the world, behind Belarus and Kazakhstan. Tragic stuff.
Russian teen leaps from apartment block after seeing his favorite Japanese cartoon character die on television [Mail Online]


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The PR people from the Cleveland Clinic sent me a fact sheet about the study that was all over the news yesterday, which is being headlined as if Weight Loss Surgery was a cure for diabetes.
The facts presented in the sheet were slightly different and more informative than the summary presented in the New England Journal of Medicine research report.
Here's the research report: NEJM: Bariatric Surgery versus Intensive Medical Therapy in Obese Patients with Diabetes.
Here are extracts from the press release sent to me by the Cleveland Clinic's PR team. 150 patients participated in a 1 year-long trial. 50 had gastric bypass surgery, 50 had gastric banding, and 50 got the usual crap treatment from doctors including, undoubtedly, the advice to eat low fat/high carb diets. Here's what they report.
"After 12 months, a normal HbA1c (less than 6.0) was achieved in 42.6 percent of patients who underwent gastric bypass and 36.7 percent of patients who underwent sleeve surgery..."
Translation, 56.4% of those who had chunks of their stomachs amputated still ended up with blood sugar far from "cured" or even normal. The NEJM report says the average A1c for those having bypass was 6.4±0.9% that means, many still had A1cs up to 7.3%.
Those with gastric banding did even more poorly. 63.3% of them had A1cs over 6.0% The NEJM report says that their Average A1c was 6.6±1.0%, meaning that some still had A1cs of 7.6%.
Many of us can get A1cs under 6.0% just by cutting carbs. I have heard from hundreds of people, some of whom started out with A1cs well over 10.0% who did just that.
The study continues:
"The study authors reported some complications of surgery, but most were not serious. However, four patients did require a second operation. The study authors caution that the favorable results were observed after a relatively short follow-up period (12 months) and that long-term studies are needed to determine the durability of the findings."
Translation: 4 out of 100 people who had surgery ended up with a "complication" like their incisions opening internally that required them to be rushed to the hospital. The rest of the complications aren't detailed, but while not disturbing to the doctors, they may have been tough on the patients. Some complications of WLS can be projectile vomiting whenever people eat, severe mineral deficiencies caused by malabsorption syndrome, and surgical site infections that heal poorly.
It's important to note that this study only lasted 1 year and that previous studies of WLS find that the participants uncure themselves pretty quickly as time goes by. I blogged about earlier results claiming similar cure rates. You can read that post HERE.
This study reports, "There were no deaths." The current kill rate for this surgery ranges from 1 to 6 per thousand, so with only 100 people having the surgery, the fact that no one died doesn't mean its safe. If the kill rate is 1 per thousand and 150,000 people have the surgery, that's 150 people dead.
You can see the death rates for the surgery on this surgeon-created site. Bariatric Surgery Source: Gastric Bypass Surgery Deaths Note that surgeons only list the deaths that happen immediately after the surgery. Not those that occur from malnutrition and other longer-term surgically-caused problems.
To read more about the actual death rate associated with WLS when people are tracked more than 1 year, read the post I made two years ago HERE..
Here's the kicker, which appeared at the bottom of the press release: "This study was funded by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, which is a company that designs and manufactures medical devices and surgical instruments. Dr. Schauer is a paid advisory board member of Ethicon, and is in complete compliance with all Cleveland Clinic COI policies."
Dr. Shauer is the first author listed on the NEJM paper. The disclosure, which didn't make it into any of the press coverage, makes it clear that he profits from the sale of the devices used for these weight loss surgeries. This is not research folks, this is a business promotion.
Do you really want to risk your life for a surgery that would give you results no better than you could get by getting serious about cutting down on your carbs? The same people who warn you it is "dangerous" to lower your A1c by cutting your carbs urge you to have this potentially fatal surgery to "cure" your diabetes. Shame on them!
If that's a cure, I'll stick to the disease. My A1cs have been far better than that for longer than 5 years, and so have those of many of you. (Post them in the comment section if you're inclined to.)
"It's the Rx rebates, stupid!"
2 days ago


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Cleaning my bike off after the grimy, rainy commute home, I saw this:
This tire lasted 3,000 miles. Not too bad at all, considering the kinds of roads I ride on and how short the life span of the original tires were. The whole center line is very thin all the way around and there are a few other spots on the tire kind of like this one, but this is the biggest. This is the same tire that took a nail through the kevlar and sidewall back in September. The Park Tool Glueless patch is still holding well, and the tire is structurally just fine where the puncture happened.
They might not be the best for racers that need to corner or brake hard (as I found out in May) but I've been more than happy with them for their durability. The next tire I buy for this bike will be a Bonti Hard-Case.
Unfortunately, I can't afford a new tire until Wednesday's homeward commute. I may see if I have one of my OEM Tires (Bontrager Select) laying around until then. I'd rather spend the cash gearing up the Goat for winter, so I may finish out the season with one of the gimpy Bonti Selects if I can find one in my pile of bike parts.
Monday, October 13, 2008
Time for a new tire
Cleaning my bike off after the grimy, rainy commute home, I saw this:
4 comments:
- Robert Johnson said...
I would recommend a Schwalbe Marathon Plus tire. Mine have about 4,000 miles on them and still look great. So far I have had ZERO punctures and I know of three other people with them and none of them have had a puncture either.
They are heavy and expensive but WELL worth it.
For what its worth I am a car free full time bicycle commuter and LCI. : )
- October 14, 2008 12:18 PM
- Chuong Doan said...
Yeah, let me second the Schwalbes!
I bought 28's for my wife. Dunno if those will fit your Trek though.
- October 14, 2008 3:10 PM
- kG said...
I third the Schwalbes, but only in spirit: we don't have any local dealers, but I've heard they are great. This looks a lot like my Specialized ACAE tires, but mine unfortunately had a LOT more tread left when I got the big flap that wouldn't stay put. YOURS, from the shot above - well, you got every dime's worth! I've been happy with my Panaracers - with about 2200 miles, and lots of tread left.
- October 14, 2008 8:32 PM
- Chuong Doan said...
Actually I saw a set at Family Bikes the other day. Givem a call.
- October 15, 2008 2:37 PM
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The WWE called the death of a 5-year-old girl in Louisiana at the hands of her 13-year-old half brother "a tragedy."
The boy, Devalon Armsrong, reportedly killed Viloude Louis by testing out World Wrestling Entertainment moves he had seen on TV.
Police say Armstrong murdered his half-sister.
"We express our heartfelt condolences. Authorities have already charged the accused with second-degree murder and determined that this was not an accidental death due to a wrestling move," the WWE statement said.
"The facts of this case clearly point to a lack of parental supervision and a teenager who had a history of violent behavior toward his 5-year-old stepsister.
"It is illogical to conclude that the repeated, brutal and ultimately fatal beating of a 5-year-old little girl by a teenager could be confused with imitation of WWE action seen on TV."
Armstrong, called 911 to report that his sister was not breathing, and that her stomach hurt. When ambulance personnel arrived, they found Louis unresponsive on the bathroom floor. They transported her to the hospital, where doctors were unable to revive her.
Armstrong confessed to deputies that he had used moves he had seen in the WWE ring. The girl had broken ribs, lacerations to her liver and internal bleeding, according to her autopsy.
The teen said "he knows wrestling on television was fake" and "appeared to enjoy talking about the wrestling moves and physical abuse," the police statement said.
The sheriff's office said Armstrong picked Louis up and repeatedly slammed her on the bed, punched her in the stomach and jumped on her, landing on his elbow like WWE wrestlers do on TV.
"There's no explaining this kind of stuff when you're slamming a five-year old over your knee and on your bed, and things of that nature," said sheriff Newell Normand. "They're fragile. Five years old is still very, very young. "
Armstrong was arrested the day of the incident on suspicion of second-degree murder. He is being held in a juvenile detention center.
The children's mother does not face charges. She was at a nearby store during the incident and left the two at home alone.


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Wolf Blitzer delivers the most important breaking news and political, international, and national security stories of the day. Tune to The Situation Room weekdays 5-7pm ET on CNN.
ISIS has released a second video that shows the apparent beheading of American journalist Steven Sotloff, and now the U.S. intelligence community is working to confirm its authenticity - and discover whatever clues it can. CNN's Tom Foreman looks at audio and video forensics to compare this video to the one released two weeks ago.
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Imperial Hotel
Vester Farimagsgade 9
1606 Copenhagen V.
Vester Farimagsgade 9
1606 Copenhagen V.
Copenhagen Airport Kastrup (CPH)
From the airport besides taxis you will very easily be able to take both train (use track 2) and metro to the city center. If you take the train to the Central Station it will take about 15 min. The Central Station is located 10 min walk from the venue. The metro goes to other parts of the city. When you know where you are staying, you are welcome to contact the hosts for transportation advice.
Denmark has its own currency called Danish Kroner. General supermarkets and a lot of other stores will not accept other currencies. Most credit cards are accepted in Denmark in all stores. If you want to treat yourself by going shopping in the city center, most high-end stores will accept Euros too. Be aware they may have a higher exchange rate depending on the store.
If you come from the EU no Visa is required. If you are unsure, please check the guidelines for your country. You may find more information HERE.
We have our very own humanoid Travel Agent Katie Mac that would love to assist you. Imagine creating your travel plans with total ease, joy, glory and MAGIC!
Katie has been booking travel for people going to Access classes globally for over 5 years.
If you can think of it, Katie can create it. Nothing is impossible, and Katie knows the tricks of the trade to have you traveling with elegance and ease.
Facilitating magical travel creations is Katie's speciality.
Email: email@example.com
Skype: katielouisemcintyre
Copenhagen is named "The City to Visit" by a lot of worldwide media these years. It is well known for its "hygge", for its mix of architecture, for its food scene, for contemporary art and historical sights and for Tivoli Gardens right next to the Central Station all mixed into this cozy Capital of Denmark.
It is easy-to-go-around whether you use public transportation, walk or dare to go on the biking lanes. Most hotels will have bikes for rent and there are bikestations around the city as well as places for renting bikes. Be aware that the Danes bike all the time in every weather - and fast. Basically we more or less learn to bike before we learn to walk. Looking for more information? Go HERE
August is part of the summer months in Copenhagen. Be aware that summer in Copenhagen can mean anything from around 15-30 degrees celsius, so check the weather forecast before you pack your suitcase.
The venue is in a very central place. There's a lot of different restaurants, cafés, shopping possibilities around. You can also choose to enjoy a walk around the lakes of Copenhagen where you will see a lot of locals enjoying their time as well.
If you would like sugary or salty snacks, feel free to bring them. Coffee and tea will be provided
Please note all class pricing is based on the location of the class. The correct pricing for your class is located in your account under BILLING & PAYMENTS.
* Country Pricing Applies.
We have 5 ways to pay! Which way is ease for you? Choose a method of payment on our secure website.
To find all the current information about class Prerequisites visit HERE.
Begins at 8:30 am on Day 1
Class begins daily at 9:30 am and ends around 5:30 pm*
At around midday for about 2 hours
*Please note: Lunch times and class end times will vary depending on the flow of the class


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The Customer Is Always Right?
Some of you might be thinking I used the wrong punctuation on that title, but I assure you, it is a question. Is the customer really always right?
Oct. 1 to Oct. 5 is Customer Service Appreciation Week. I thought that would be the perfect time to raise the question I've often wanted to ask.
I have worked in customer service in one way or another all of my entire working life food service, retail, call center, registration I've done it all. I wouldn't say I'm an expert, but I would say the experience brings with it a vast knowledge of the topic and in my opinion, the customer is not always right. Sometimes the customer is a jerk.
There was a man who would come into the Wal-Mart I worked at with the intention of making the cashier cry. Seriously; it was his mission and he would look for a new victim each visit. Was he ever kicked out of the store? No. Was he ever warned about his behavior by management? No. Why? He was a paying customer.
"The customer is always right" gave an entire generation of people the green light to be as impolite, unreasonable and demanding as their little hearts desired because they were always going to be considered right.
It pretty much destroyed the entire concept of courtesy and rendered manners obsolete. People started treating their peers in the service industry like incompetent morons, lacking in feelings or human dignity, who deserved to be browbeaten and abused for no other reason than they had the audacity to run out of a particular brand of coffee.
The real kicker is that instead of suffering negative repercussions for their appallingly disrespectful behavior, they are often awarded with apologies, free coupons and gift cards. Shouldn't they be shunned and humiliated for behaving like such self absorbed little children?
I agree that sometimes the kid behind the counter doesn't care. They don't want to be at work and they move at a snails pace. I get it, it annoys me too, but for every one of those folks there is normally several who provide awesome customer service and never get one compliment. Plus they have to deal with the slow non-carer all day, not for five minutes like you just had to.
I twonder if difficult customers only act the way they do is because no one ever calls them on it. The poor person behind the counter can't stand up for themselves or they lose their jobs and other patrons look the other way claiming 'it's none of my business.'
So I ask that the next time you witness someone being rude to a waitress, snapping at someone asking required questions for their hospital registration or demand a refund on a product they destroyed call them on it. Stand up for the person who can't say anything themselves.
And to the customer giving the person a hard time – remember you are talking to a person that is just trying to do their job. They didn't make the rules. They might not even agree with the rules. They are just trying to pay their bills and support their families. Treat them like you would want to be treated, or better yet how you'd like someone to treat your family.
Happy Customer Service week to all in the service community!


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JOB TITLE: Medical Director, Psychiatry (Adult Inpatient Unit)
LOCATION: Geisinger Lewistown Hospital
DEPARTMENT: Psychiatry
WORK SCHEDULE: Rotation
WORK TYPE: Full-Time
Geisinger's Division of Psychiatry is a multi-site practice which includes a residency program, research opportunities, and access to Geisinger Medical Center, our main campus in Danville which houses a full spectrum of services and modalities. The Division of Psychiatry is an integral part of Geisinger's continual advances in care and the Lewistown Hospital practice is an essential part of this growing regional practice. We are expanding our practice in many areas, including an Integrated Care Practice.
We are seeking candidates interested in developing and sculpting the role of a psychiatrist as it is integrated in the hospital and outpatient settings with other behavioral health professionals. The physicians will be responsible for:
· Taking the lead role as Medical Director for our IP unit, managing the IP staff to assure the highest quality of care the unit and the hospital
· Developing a practice in the Lewistown setting with the resources of a well-connected academic team at the Danville campus.
Opportunities exist for academic involvement with training medical students, interns and post-doctoral fellows, and neuropsychology fellows, as well as our newly established, ACGME-accredited Psychiatry Residency program.
Psychiatrists offered academic appointments have the opportunity to become Core Faculty, more fully involved in teaching, supervision, and mentorship to academic work, and receive support for research projects.
Geisinger psychiatrists enjoy:
· generous time off and CME policies,
· a substantial CME stipend
· retirement plans, comprehensive health insurance and prescription plans
OUR PURPOSE & VALUES: Everything we do is about caring for our patients, our members, our students, our Geisinger family and our communities. KINDNESS: We strive to treat everyone as we would hope to be treated ourselves. EXCELLENCE: We treasure colleagues who humbly strive for excellence. LEARNING: We share our knowledge with the best and brightest to better prepare the caregivers for tomorrow. INNOVATION: We constantly seek new and better ways to care for our patients, our members, our community, and the nation.
GEISINGER-LEWISTOWN HOSPITAL: is a 123-bed acute care community hospital serving the 80,000 residents of Mifflin and Juniata counties and members of the contiguous counties of Centre, Perry, Snyder, and Huntingdon. Established in 1905, the hospital provides inpatient, outpatient, wellness and community services while employing over 1,000 full-time and part-time employees and providing a Medical Staff consisting of more than 150 physicians and allied health practitioners representing specialties ranging from family medicine, internal medicine, and cardiology to infectious disease and general/cardiovascular surgery.
ABOUT GEISINGER: Geisinger is a physician-led health system comprised of approximately 30,000 employees, including nearly 1,600 employed physicians, 13 hospital campuses, two research centers, and a 583,000-member health plan Geisinger is nationally recognized for innovative practices and quality care. Geisinger serves more than 3 million people in central, south-central and northeast Pennsylvania and also in southern New Jersey with the addition of National Malcolm Baldridge Award recipient AtlantiCare, A member of Geisinger. In 2017, the Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine became the newest member of the Geisinger Family. We offer healthcare benefits for full time and part time positions from day one, including vision, dental and domestic partners.* Perhaps just as important, from senior management on down, we encourage an atmosphere of collaboration, cooperation and collegiality. For more information, visit www.geisinger.org, or connect with us on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and Twitter.
For more information, please contact:
Karen Rubbe, Talent Management Consultant
**Does not qualify for J-1 waiver. We are an Affirmative Action, Equal Opportunity Employer. Women and Minorities are Encouraged to Apply. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment and will not be discriminated against on the basis of disability or their protected veteran status.
*Domestic partner benefits not applicable at Geisinger Holy Spirit.
Remember Me


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Art in Architecture Program
President Kennedy's Ad Hoc Committee for Federal Architecture of 1963 recommended that "where appropriate, fine art should be incorporated in the designs of federal buildings with emphasis on the work of living American artists."
The process of commissioning art in federal buildings is a collaboration between GSA and the architect of the building, art professionals and community advisors. For new federal buildings or those requiring major renovation, the architect is required to consider the incorporation of artwork into the projects as part of the overall architectural design service. GSA works with national, state and local art organizations during the selection process.
Those interested in learning more about GSA's Fine Arts Collection, including policy, examples and artworks from the Works Progress Administration should browse GSA's Fine Arts Program pages.
Artists interested in being considered for Art in Architecture commissions may apply to have their names placed on a registry, which review panels use when selecting artists for each new project. Artists may send their registration requests to:
Art in Architecture Program
Office of the Chief Architect
Public Buildings Service
U.S. General Services Administration
1800 F Street, NW
Washington, DC 20405
For more information or help, contact Sylvia Augustus at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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When you choose to file a consumer proposal, a Licensed Insolvency Trustee (LIT) will negotiate with your creditors on your behalf to consolidate and reduce the amount of debt that you need to repay and to establish terms of payment. You will then be responsible for making one equal monthly payment to your LIT, over a period of up to five years. There are no hidden fees or charges—the payment you make each month will go toward paying off your debts.
A consumer proposal typically takes three to five years to pay off all your unsecured debts, and will remain on your credit report for an additional three years after you've made your last payment. You will also attend two credit counselling sessions that will give you solutions for rebuilding your credit and avoiding future debt problems. By filing a consumer proposal, you will get immediate protection from your creditors and be on your way to a fresh financial start.
To learn more about consumer proposals, visit the FAQ page
A Licensed Insolvency Trustee will listen carefully as you describe your situation, and explain every option available to you. If you decide that a consumer proposal might be the best solution to help you pay off debt, the LIT will then prepare a proposal to your creditors and present this to them on your behalf.
When an LIT files your consumer proposal, all your creditors will be notified. While they have 45 days to consider the proposal, you do not have to make any debt payments, and will not be charged interest or have your wages garnished during this time. A creditor who owns at least 25 per cent of your debt could request a meeting of all your creditors, although this doesn't always happen. If a meeting occurs, your creditors will vote on whether to accept, update or refuse your proposal and your LIT will represent you every step of the way.
Once your consumer proposal has been accepted by at least 51 per cent of your creditors (based on the amount of your debt that they own), it will be approved by the court, and you can start making your monthly payments.
It is important that you continue to make all of your monthly payments on time to avoid defaulting on your consumer proposal. Your LIT will work with you throughout the process, providing you with budgeting and financial management strategies that can help you make your scheduled payments. However, it's worth noting that if you miss three monthly payments, your consumer proposal will be in default.
In addition to making all your monthly payments, you also need to attend two mandatory credit counselling sessions in order to complete your consumer proposal. BDO will take care of providing these sessions, and will answer any questions you might have.
Once you have met these terms and made your last monthly payment, your LIT will file the paperwork to officially release you from your debts. You will also leave with the information you need to rebuild your credit and start living your debt-free future.
Do you think that a consumer proposal could be the right solution for you? Fill out an application form to start the process today, or request a call for more information.


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WorldWide shipping
Express delivery within 2-5 days. (Over 120 countries)
Kimyo Tarot 3 Color Gray 13.8mm
|Product name/ Kimyo Tarot
|Overall diameter (DIA)/ 14.3mm
|Duration of use/ 6months / vial
|Graphic diameter/ 13.8mm
|Manufacturer/ LensMe
|BC/ 8.5mm
|Place of origin/ South Korea
|Moisture content/ 38%
|Frequency range/ 0.00 ~ -8.00
|Astigmatic/ Impossible
KPOP2 sells only GUARANTEED AUTHENTIC LensMe Korean color contact lenses.
We guarantee that every item we sell on our site is 100% authentic or you will receive 100% of your money back, including shipping and return shipping costs, as well as an additional store credit.
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Anthony W. Imbimbo, CPA, APC is a California-licensed San Diego accounting firm, with a strong team of associates prepared to help businesses and individuals with all of their tax and accounting needs. Anthony Imbimbo is a California-licensed CPA with over 35 years of experience in the industry.
Anthony received his audit training with Ernst and Young, and has worked in the private industry in various positions, including holding title as Controller for several medium-sized companies. In addition, he was the Director of Finance for a large corporation, and experienced the ins and outs of finances and accounting at the forefront of the business. He is now practicing extensively at his San Diego CPA firm.
With extensive experience in accounting, taxation, auditing, forensic accounting, work process solutions, cash management issues, internal control analysis, setting up business models, and implementing accounting systems, any business or individual can find a full-service accounting firm with Anthony's team.
Never underestimate the value of having a qualified, CPA on your side.
For more information about Anthony's local San Diego CPA services, browse through the team's specialties and affiliations, or contact him today.
Specialties Include:
- Business & Individual Income Tax Preparation
- Audit Representation
- Business Management Consulting
- Non-Profit Taxation and Consulting
- Quickbooks Experts
- Financial Audits
- Accounting and Bookkeeping
- Fraud Investigations
- Forensic Accounting
- Litigation Support


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Middleweight title challenger Chris Weidman would fight Jon Jones – if the UFC asked him.
"I mean, I've got to beat Anderson (Silva) first," the undefeated Weidman (9-0 MMA, 5-0 UFC) said during a media teleconference in support of his headliner against Silva (33-4 MMA, 16-0 UFC) at next week's UFC 162 event. "That's the first big step. Whatever the UFC fans and UFC want to do and the fight they want to see, I'm definitely willing to do."
To be clear, nobody is yet asking Weidman to step up in weight to fight the light heavyweight champ Jones, which is what Silva is expected to do if he's victorious on July 6 at Las Vegas' MGM Grand Garden Arena. (Jones, too, has to make it past Alexander Gustafsson at UFC 165 in September.)
Weidman's chances aren't as bad as some who've faced the middleweight kingpin, as betting lines indicate. But a win over Silva certainly would be one of the most significant upsets in MMA history.
It would also spoil a superfight fans are clamoring for like no other matchup in the sport. Now that welterweight champ Georges St-Pierre has indicated he won't be fighting Silva any time soon, Jones is the most-requested matchup outside "The Spider's" weight class. A fight between the two would be hugely successful for the UFC.
Although unrealistic, putting Weidman in Silva's place seems the logical thing to do. And the title challenger's answer is what you'd expect for someone with nothing to lose and everything to gain in such a scenario.
But like everyone else, Weidman isn't exactly asking for the chance. It's been a year since he last fought, as he first saw his house inundated by Hurricane Sandy and then got injured in preparation for a title eliminator this past December. Next week is the biggest fight of his career, against the best fighter in the world. If anything, the New York native might be asking for the services of a mental coach to help him rise to the considerable challenge.
"I think if I let all that stuff get in my mind, it would definitely get to me," he said. "But I think I'm really focused on this fight. I don't need a mental coach. If I had a mental coach, it would be (striking coach) Ray Longo. I speak to him every day.
"As far as a psychologist, I'm good. I have a psychology degree, so that might help a little bit. I just know what type of mindset I need to have to walk in that cage, and I visualize the fight every day and all day long. The biggest thing is to stay confident and stay relaxed, and just make sure I dictate my fight when I get in there.
"I'm pretty good with having a strong mindset and not letting things get to me. I think I got a little ADD, so I can't focus on too many things at the same time."
For more on UFC 162, stay tuned to the UFC Rumors section of the site.