text:
[Pages 146-148]
Buisnesses and Craftsmen after World War I
Anshel Milstein, Ramat Yitzchak
Translated by Rabbi Mordecai Goldzweig
The socio-economic composition common to most of the Jewish towns of Poland and Galicia after World War I also typified our town of Rohatyn. The greater part of the Jewish community completely forgot the rabbinic admonition to love work and turned on the whole to small business - peddling, brokerage, and storekeeping. Out of approximately 2,000 Jewish families no more than between 30-40 of them engaged in crafts of any kind. Those who did, continued in the crafts in which their parents were engaged as tailors, shoemakers, hatters, furriers, dressmakers, barbers, bookbinders, and the like. It is true that with time new crafts and craftsmen were added, such as, tinsmiths, blacksmiths, builders, watchmakers and others. Even one primitive smelting plant owned by Leichtermacher appeared in Rohatyn (so that all in all they had a relatively wide range of crafts for a town of that size). This was not the only primitive workshop in the town. Most of the workshops were like that. There was no new machinery or modern equipment to be found in the town nor was hired help prevalent. Only the builder Koenig needed help. You were able to earn a living but could not become rich. There was just enough to maintain a simple, quiet, subdued, traditional home. A worker's life was not a paradise. People pressed down upon them as much as possible.
A Jew who wanted to declare himself as an independent professional craftsman had to pass before a committee of examiners of established workers after an apprenticeship of four years. The board of examiners were composed mostly of goyim, i.e. gentiles, but it also included three Jews, Shabsi Friedman, Mordechai Lilian and Yehuda Shames, who was known as Yudel the Carpenter. It was a great honor to be a member of the board of examiners and yet Shabsi Friedman, a Jew, was the presiding examiner. He was a Jew who was very exacting in his profession and devoted a great deal of his time to examining students. He owned a fine metals workshop which did repair work on such items as sewing machines and scales upon which he affixed the official seal for the local authorities. At times he might hire a few apprentices to help him in his work. These included Moshe Katz, Shmuel Ehrenberg and Litman Lev. The board of examiners was under pressure by the gentile workers more than one time to fail a Jew who appeared before them in order to prevent further competition in their field. I was lucky. I don't know why, but I was accepted as an apprentice in the repair shop for agricultural equipment that was owned by the gentile Schwab. He had 12 gentiles working for him and I was the only Jew. They accepted me on a month's trial and continued to keep me four years more until 1924 when I left Rohatyn. This goy insisted that I should be tested by no one but him and this was not because he was afraid that I might work for someone else since no Jewish boy was permitted to enter a non-Jewish workshop in order to learn a trade. He could accomplish this only through Jews. The products of Jewish shops were sold to farmers in the area who were their main customers and sources of income. Many were the tinsmiths, tailors, carpenters and builders who made their living from the non-Jewish nearby farms.
Tailors: Heinech Freiwald and his sons, Yisrael Leib Green, Wolf Lev, Nachman Fidelboigen and his son Yosef, Shmuel Shulster with his sons, Nissan Fried, the Tahler family, S. Loifer, Yisrael Zin, Leibush Friedman and his son, and others.
Barbers: Max Korfierst, Nachum Buchser, Leizer Buchser, Matisyahu Broinstein and others.
Cobblers: Mechal Katz and his sons, Shmuel Shuler, Hirsch Mandel, Putzchter and sons, David Itche Zin and his son Yisrael and others.
Carpenters: Yudel (Yehuda) Shames and his son Michael, Mordechai Lilian (the owner of the carpentry shop for building) who worked together with his son Butchie, who now lives in the United States. From time to time he also hired workers. The sons of Reb Moshe Gershon who was an acknowledged Zionist and member of the Poalei Zion; the brothers Hass (furniture); Yitzchak and Shmuel Mohl.
Shoemakers: Baruch Weinreich and his sons Mechal and Bezalel.
Builders: David Koenig, Yeshayahu Hoftman and Shmuel.
Watchmakers: Avraham Roda, Yaakov Zeidler, Zvi Axelrod, Bergstreit and others.
Bakers: Horn, Tzelniker, Gera, Sofer and others.
Printers: Chaim Szkolnick and Shimon Teichman.
Painters: Lichtgran and Hass.
Tinsmiths: Avraham Blassenheim, Zalman Kirshenboim, Ignaz Grinsboim and others.
Photographer: Nushie Wald.
Candle factory: Meir Mauer.
Seltzer factory: Zlatkes brothers, Naftali Shumer.
Beer bottling plant: Akiva Wagschal and the lawyer Shmuel Shpiegel.
Hatmaking: Mrs. Shumer, the sister of Yonah Nemet; the Zeider family.
Kiln: Alter Faust.
Candy Factory: Ephraim Kanfer and family.
Bag Factory: Shmuel Kertzner and family.
The Jews of the town earned a living mostly from retail sales, brokerage, peddling and storekeeping. Trades involving manual labor did not attract people, not even the youth, and only a relatively few people adopted it and continued to stay with it. Most of the youth followed the path of their parents and with time took their place behind the counter of the little store, the other side of the stand in the market place, the shoe stores, notions, textiles and hardware stores.
There were people who wondered about what I did, - Anshel, the son of Reb Nachum the melamed (teacher of young children) learning a trade that requires working with his hands unlike the rest of those my age in the town? They forgot about the changes that were taking place in the world and did not notice the new winds that were beginning to blow in our town, the winds of the Land of Israel after the Balfour Declaration to which the eyes of the youth were being raised.
This spirit also expressed itself through organizations that were formed. Many of the workers joined the Poalei Zion party. Generally their new members were young workers but there were also older people who tied their futures to Israel. The Poalei Zion was founded in Rohatyn in the year 1920 and was headed by Dr. Goldschlag with Yosef Green as secretary. When I joined, I was appointed treasurer of the branch until 1924, at which time I left Rohatyn. It is proper to relate that the Poalei Zion was the largest and most popular Jewish labor party in Poland the Bund did not take root in Rohatyn. What happened was, that those who had previously belonged to the Bund went over to the Poalei Zion. Part of the older workers belonged to the General Zionists.
The older workers found their social outlets in the Tailors' and Cobblers' Synagogues, none of which were very large. They found their release from everyday activities to which they were tied all week long and tried to find some degree of spiritual elevation during Shalosh Seudot (the third meal of the Sabbath which traditionally has special spiritual powers). Here they sang and heard someone giving a short discourse dealing with the weekly portion of the Torah; they drank a small glass of whiskey at the end of the Havdala ceremony and took part in the festivities of Simchat Torah; they partook in a Bar Mitzvah, learned a portion of Mishne in honor of some friend who had passed away. In addition to meeting their spiritual needs, they also helped each other with their physical needs through a variety of charities, some secretly given. They visited the sick and helped young couples to begin their married life as well as fulfilling other commandments between man and fellow man that have been the traditional inheritance of the Jewish people for generations.
All this was buried in the grave of the Holocaust which befell the Jews. May their souls know eternal rest in the knowledge of the renewal of Jewish life in the Land of Israel.
[1 photo p. 148 Caption states:
Family of Yisrael-Leib Green, Of Blessed Memory. First row standing from the right: Feige, Altche, Esther, Leah, Itamar Loifer, Yisrael-Leib, Gitel, Yosef and his daughter Ruth, Shmuel, Shalom and David.]
[2 photo p. 149
(Top)Caption states: Family of Nachum Milstein, May he rest in peace. From upper right: Feivish and Sarah Zonenshein, Uri and Devorah Schreiber, Benzion and Sala Milstein, Pearl Milstein, Nachum and Alta Milstein Anshel Milstein.
(Bottom)Caption states: The families of: Shmuel Bloch, Shimon Teichman, Gavriel Nusshofer and Ze'ev Steinmetz. Some of the children: Moshe and Aryeh Bloch and daughters. Blima and Lunka Teichman live in Israel.]
[Page 152]
Yosef Jozef
Translated by Rabbi Mordecai Goldzweig
Our town Rohatyn was essentially a poor town that suffered from a shortage of industry. It was therefore to the credit of the two printing concerns owned by Chaim Szkolnick and Shimon Teichman who lived in the town that they employed close to 16 Jewish workers and apprentices (some of whom continued to practice their trade in Israel. These included Yehoshua Shpiegel, Yerachmiel Wind and Yosef Yuzef). Printing shops were among the few places where young Jews could learn a trade.
Sanitary conditions and social benefits in the factories of the towns in eastern Poland were limited and poor. An 8 hour working day may be the accepted norm now but it was not even dreamt of then. We won't talk about social benefits and salaries consonant with experience, etc.- However let it be stressed, to the credit of the printing trade, that they were the first to begin the struggle for attaining social benefits. This resulted in their obtaining an 8 hour workday for their workers while some of the workers even received health insurance at the expense of the owners of the press. These struggles waged by the workers of the printing trade indirectly affected the working conditions at other small plants in Rohatyn. Moreover, their influence was felt beyond the area of their own trade and extended to national Jewish education.
In Eastern Galicia the population was composed of several nationalities Jewish, Polish and Ukrainian. The official language in use was Polish but printers were required to serve the general population and each national group insisted that their material be printed in their language. The Jews felt the same way and insisted that their nationalistic life be presented in their own tongue and that invitations and announcements to assemblies were to be printed solely in Yiddish or Hebrew. This was made possible only because of the existence of a Jewish owned press and their owners.
From time to time a book might appear written in Ukrainian or Polish by a local writer. The printing press of Chaim Szkolnick, the largest in our town, also served the governmental agencies of the town and its environs. Because of this, business increased and more workers were employed. This aroused the unconcealed envy of the Poles as they watched these profitable businesses expand and they did their best to establish a Polish press in Rohatyn that would compete with the Jewish press. They even succeeded in establishing one small press but it offered no competition to the Jewish printers who had at their disposal the use of large machines and a wealth of printing type.
When the Soviets entered the town the printing trade lost its Jewish identity. All three printing presses of the town were united into one with all the type being removed by the Soviets and taken out of town. These were replaced by Ukrainian letters. The Soviets then began to make preparations for a daily newspaper to be printed in the Ukrainian language under the title The Red Star.
Here it is proper to remember two workers Zvi Blumenreich and Shlomo Szkolnick among the pioneers of the printing industry in Rohatyn who were brutally murdered by the Nazis.
[Pages 153-157]
David and Esther Blaustein
Translated by Rabbi Mordecai Goldzweig
Our town Rohatyn was located in the fertile land of the Ukraine which is noted for its wealth of produce in the field, garden and the barn. The silos of the farmers were filled with grain and varieties of fruit. Surrounding the Jewish town were the villages of the gentiles and the manors of the nobility. Economic ties and business connected the Jews of Rohatyn with the surrounding farmers and relationships between them were correct. They supported each other economically and there was no anti-semitism felt from the farmers until just before World War II. Jews rented farms, land and flour mills from the goyim and bought cattle and agricultural products while the farmers obtained clothes, shoes, cloth, furniture and equipment for the farm from the Jewish merchants and craftsmen.
Rohatyn was surrounded by a thick dark forest the size of which could not be fully encompassed. It had many paths treaded by many generations of young and old which led from the side streets of the town towards the green forest. Here young people found escape from prying eyes and gossips when their love was in full bloom. Jewish adults too who all week long had been immersed in their business came there on Shabbat to rest in the shade of the trees together with their wives and children and enjoy the quiet of the forest.
(Afterwards, the paths became sad and the young lovers seeking privacy disappeared. Different people began to inhabit it then. These were the Jewish partisans who found shelter from the Nazi invaders who had set fire to the Jewish homes and aided by the Ukrainians sent their children to the crematoria, but the forest remained faithful and protected the Jewish partisans. It was from here that they attacked and hit against the oppressors.)
However, in those days the forest was a happy place maintaining and supporting many Jewish families. There were many Jews of Rohatyn who dealt with and did business in the forest and trees. These included Alter Foist and his brother, Moshe Leib; Uri Karten and Yosef Altman; Avraham Yitzchak Goldshlag and Eliezer Boim used to buy from the noblemen sections of the forest that they cleared and shipped to Austria and other countries in freight cars or barges along the Dniester River. Those who were not in the export trade usually had warehouses of lumber, boards, planks, beams, etc. These included Alter-Foist, Wolf Allerand, Nachman-Shaye Wachman, Pin'e Shpiegel, Yudel Rosenzweig, Liebling and others. They used to buy beams or planks of wood in the sawmills in order to sell them for building of homes or making furniture which was sold to the Jews of the town and the farmers from the surrounding areas. They also supplied firewood in winter that was sold by merchants such as Meir Wald, the brothers Moshe Leib and Uri Karten and Alter Foist, etc.
Not only the woods and lumber occupied the Jews of the town. They also engaged in renting land and farms (Polvarkim). Elias Kanarik rented the Zlanov estate from the nobleman Schacht which spread over 1,500 acres of land and had within it a livestock inventory of 60 cows, 30 horses, 32 oxen, etc. He employed about 15 regular and seasonal workers. Zvi Brightbard did the same thing; he leased the Nastachin estate which spread over an area of approximately 400-500 acres of land. Avramche Adler maintained an estate of between 500-600 acres of land while Goldhaber and Porush leased only agricultural land. Jews also managed flour mills. Fishel Bond and Bozgang leased the flour mills of the poritz (nobleman) Tichasheivitz who owned Potyatinza while the flour mill of the nobleman of Rohatyn was leased by the brothers-in-law Messing and Nota Gutenplan who from time to time hired many workers. Usually they ground flour and corn for the surrounding farmers and for the Jews of the town who sold flour.
There were also grain merchants in Rohatyn. These included Yisrael Silber, Noach Becker, Yosef Viderker, Avramtche Roch, Yechezkel Bradshpiss, Yankel Bradshpiss, Henie Mirels Garten* , Velvel Ze'ev Weisbrun and his sons and others. Among these Fishel Bond was the biggest exporter of grain and his business reached as far as Lwów and Warsaw. Sometimes they bought the grain while it was still on the ground at a lower price but then they would give a down payment on the whole crop. It was known that the Ukrainian farmers were always short of loose cash and the Jewish merchant also came out the winner in this type of transaction.
Another type of product that the Jews bought from the goyim were cattle. They too were a commodity that could be exported. The exporters of cattle were the three brothers Glatzer Kalman, Reuven and Yisrael. They sent their merchandise to Katowitz and Mislevitz in Upper Silesia, Poland. Every week 2-3 carloads of cattle left for these towns. They also sent cattle from the area of Rohatyn to Vienna. The brothers Shneikraut were big cattle merchants but they earned their reputation and good name for their good heart and their concern for people around them. They never spared their efforts and connections with the poritz with whom they had good business relations in order to help a Jew in his time of trouble. They utilized their connections with the goyim for the benefit of the Jews who turned to them for help and their hands were always open to anyone who was in need of help, in the form of a loan or a quiet donation. The cattle merchants were successful in their efforts. Their businesses flourished and the same was true of the butchers of the town of which there were 12. Within their shops could be found either kosher or treife meat, which was sold to goyim or to the most religious Jew but it never happened that a Jewish butcher would fool a Jew and sell him treife meat for kosher meat because the ties between the butcher and the customers were based on full trust and the most religious Jew never had the slightest suspicion about the honesty of the butchers. Of course, these two types of meat were kept far apart from each other. Every Thursday morning the town Dayan, Rabbi Avraham David Shpiegel and Reb Tuvia Shochet investigated the butcher shops for their kashrut to make sure that there was no treife meat there, G-d forbid, and their constituents were not, G-d forbid, inadvertently transgressing by eating treife. Of course, as the Shabbat approached the income of the butchers grew as compared with the rest of the week for which Jew would deny himself a piece of meat on this important day. But even in the middle of the week Jews of Rohatyn enjoyed eating meat. Of all the butchers that I mentioned before, those of the newer generation who followed the paths of their parents and became independent butchers were Meir and Isser Glatzer, with whom I used to be friends, Yehoshua Glatzer and Moshe Eisen etc. They maintained a family like relationship among themselves - We were one big family.
Butchers like all other tradesmen required a license in order to engage in their trade without being bothered by the government. In order to accomplish this they had to pass examinations before the master butchers. Therefore, the Jewish representative to the Tzach of butchers, Yisrael Glatzer, used to ease the way with his friends in the Tzach at a table loaded with goodies at the tavern of Abba Karten, because with the help of a bottle of free whiskey the heart of even the most obstreperous goy could be melted. And since we are talking about meat for Shabbat then we must mention the names of Ze'ev Steinmetz and his family and Yehoshua-Falik Shtroilicht who supplied the Jews of the town with fish all week long especially before Shabbat, as our sages have said, There is no pleasure during the Shabbos without a meal of spinach, large fish and garlic heads. These large fish were supplied by Ze'ev Steinmetz from his fish ponds.
But, of course, Jews never contented themselves with just a good meal in honor of the Shabbat Queen. They dressed up with elegant clothes and shiny clean shoes. A young lady who reached the age of marriage would be especially careful about a nice appearance when people were talking about her with regard to shiduchim. Then she might order shoes from Slonim where you could find elegant shoe styles in keeping with those of Lwów and Paris. The fulfillment of these desires were made possible by Yoel Fisher and Moshe Preiss and their brothers who went to the trouble of stocking a light and dainty shoe that would not, G-d forbid, pinch their toes. However, working people who had the problem of earning a living wage hung were not so choosy. They made do with less elegant shoes that were strong. They were called boikes. They had a thick leather sole with an inner lining and were laced up with long shoelaces. With such shoes you could be certain of walking securely anywhere you wanted to go and they could be obtained at the shop of Netanel Schein. Shoe leather was bought from leather merchants the biggest of whom were Yehoshua Streich and Reb Avraham Hirsh Koenigsberg and his children Shiltche and Yechezkel. They bought hides from the butchers, shipped them to Stanislawów and other towns, and in return importing finished leather for the leather retailers of the town.. These wrere Azriel Gan, Shmuel Mordechai Kasten, Mordechai Weiler, Mendel Weiler, Zelig Nagelberg, Alter Leventer, Fruchter and others.
Wednesday was market day. The Ukrainian farmers came from all over to make their purchases and sell their wares. And then they took care of their personal needs of clothing and shoes. The Ukrainian farmer did not know anything about a ready made shoe. He bought leather and made his own boots. The Jewish retailer would measure his feet and cut him a piece of leather to his size. The same was true for his wife and then he would send them to a clothing store or a store selling cloth (a dry goods store). There were many shnit gesheften (cloth stores) in Rohatyn. This is one area of trade that has been traditional among Jews for many generations and just to mention a few who engaged in this business there were: Shaul Gratt, Lippe Mandel, Mandel Rothenberg, Moshe Leib Kovler, Chaim Kovler, Bunim Ohrbach, Avraham Yosef Ehrenberg, the Klarnet family, Wolf Gold, Michel Zucker, Pinchas Rosenberg, Esther Holtz, her sons-in-laws and sons, Elisha Teichman, Akiva Wagschal, Rafael Baumrind, Meir Weiler, A. Lustig, Shloime Shaye Shtrulicht, and many more. The farmers were not choosy. They bought whatever their wives wanted because after all even a farm woman in the most forsaken village still wanted a nice red shawl, a flowery skirt or a colorful dress and the like just like her sisters in Paris. On the other hand, the men from the farms required much less. For them it was enough to have a pair of pants, a jacket or even a suit made of linen to feel good when they went to church on Sunday. This was handled by Nachman Granoviter, Zushe Holtz and others. Sometimes the goy insisted on his own price and thought that the Jew was overcharging him. Then the storekeeper might place a zloti in one of the jacket pockets that he was fitting and when the goy found the money in his pocket as he tried on the jacket he ceased to worry and accepted his purchase without being fussy about size or quality of the merchandise. (Money spoke loudest to these people who had very little money themselves). He reasoned that if he found one zloti in the jacket who knows what else might be hidden there This was not a common practice and one should not compare it to what these murderers and ravagers did to the Jews. It was just a bit of small town trickery...
Nor did things always go smoothly among the Jews themselves. More than once arguments would break out among the Jewish storekeepers because of competition and running after a customer who was being yanked this way and that by the storekeepers. This one pulled him into this store and this one pulled him into that store until the sleeves got torn because of the tugging which could result in the end by the customer covering the heads of both competitors with juicy oaths. But they did not run away from the glasses of whiskey that the Jews presented them. Most prominent of those in this field were Yehoshua Horn and his sons, Yonah and Dudke, who were owners of a tavern and they took care of the feelings of the goy especially on Sunday, Saturday night or the long cold winter nights. If his spirits soured, the goy would turn his eyes and heart to the liquid that warms the blood and mixes up the brain. But it wasn't only the goyim who made use of the good services of Yehoshua Horn. He knew well that, even our brothers the Jews do not run away from the bitter drop if only a few times a year, on Simchas Torah, Purim, a wedding or a bris. He did not rely on Jewish heavy drinkers. From them he would not make any profit. Many people came to the taverns and inns of the Jews where they would complete transactions over a glass of whiskey and a piece of roast goose. However, most of the people who came there were goyim Polish or Ukrainian who during market day could not resist entering the taverns of Malia Landoi, Abba Karten, Buny Kirschen, Tzvi Holder or Shloime Landoi.
Motel Kreisler supplied Jews with tobacco to smoke while learning a page of Gemora or snuff even when they were not learning - during the weekdays, Shabbos or Holy Days. His relative Shloime Kreisler saw to the improvement of the spirit of the Jews of Rohatyn by supplying them with siddurim and machzorim for the festive and high holy days, but he also carried general reading books and newspapers as well as office supplies. Textbooks and readers in wide abundance could be found in the store of Chaim Shkolnik who also had the printing press and supplied forms for the city and national government offices. There were also more prosaic stores which sold equipment and iron for building such as that of Hirsch Zvi Reiss, one of the wealthy men of the town and Moshe Bohnen, and Feivel Horshovsky and others.
There were those Jews in Rohatyn who chose the vocation of Tevia the dairy man. Many were the Jewish wagons that wended their way from the town along the dirt paths of the villages of the goyim to bring milk from there in order to convert it into butter, cheese, and cream. There were two dairies in town - that of Yaakov Eichel and Hirsch Presser. They converted milk and its products and sold them to the Jews or shipped them out of town. Hirsch Weiner bought his products from them and shipped them to Warsaw and Vilna. Chaim Hirsch Weisberg engaged in the shipping of eggs to Germany while Yaakov Leib Shor (a descendent of the Shor that had followed Jacob Frank) was one of the big egg exporters and in addition we have to mention Shmuel Blech and his sons who also engaged in the export of eggs. They all hired skilled and unskilled workers. The milk suppliers were Isaac Freiwald, Shloime Mandel Reichbach, Hodjie Eichel Hoichberg, Rachel Zieder and others. There were also wholesale grocers such as Shmuel Kleinwax, Yisrael Gleicher and Zvi Kertzner and retail grocers such as Ephraim Kanfer, Yisrael Leib Gottlieb and the salt supplier, Yechezkel Weiler. We also must mention the house ware and kitchen utensil store of Moshe Shneikrom. Some of these stores had 3-4 helpers.
With the establishment of the electric power station in Rohatyn (before that they used gas and kerosene for public lighting and private buildings) they needed light bulbs and various accessories which could be bought at the wholesaler and retailer Zelig Gorton. Windows and mirrors could be gotten wholesale and retail by Gavriel Nasofer who was also a glazier.
The town storekeepers with their varied professions and skills may not have become rich in their business but they were able to earn a living and they did not need to turn to outsiders for relief and assistance. However, this did not last forever and, when the anti-semitic movements began to grow especially in the years before the outbreak of World War II their conditions deteriorated. Poles and Ukrainians pushed them out of their businesses and they were deprived of their sustenance. This was especially felt in the field of agriculture and milk products. In the 30's the Ukrainians began to organize soyuzim (cooperatives) for dairy products and eggs. These cooperatives bought all the products of the farmer especially eggs, milk and grain products. Then they began to process milk products. Little by little the merchants and Jewish suppliers were deprived of their source of income and could not enter the small towns. Their homes and equipment were burned. Thus the work of Tuvia the Dairy Man came to an end. Only the Jewish experts such as egg packers were kept by the cooperatives for awhile until they learned to do the job by themselves and then the Jews were thrown out like a pot that is not needed.
The town and national authorities began putting pressure on the Jews and the tax authorities bore down on them with all their might. The chief tax assessor used to go through the town feeling out the Jewish financial position, also making use of informers, and paid no attention to the economic condition which was becoming worse and worse. The belt was tightened around the neck of the Jews. But all of these evil decrees and pressures that were heaped upon the heads of the Jews were nothing compared to the tragedies that were waiting for them when the war broke out when the Jewish community went up in flames and their children were brought to slaughter. May these pages serve as a memorial light to their pure spirits and may their souls be gathered together in the treasury of life...
|Her four daughters were Freida, Roza, Sarah, Reiza and her only son was Zelig back
[Page 158]
Grina Shtarzer (Faust)
Translated by Rabbi Mordecai Goldzweig
Our town was proud of its intellectuals its golden youth and members of the academic professions and all the surrounding towns were envious. This was thanks to the two gymnasia Polish and Ukrainian where the children received their education and this is where they received their foundation for higher learning at the universities. During the last years before World War II Rohatyn had its own professionals doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers, high school teachers, clerks and merchants with a higher education. The youth of Rohatyn continued their education in all the colleges of Poland and Europe and spread out all over the country in order to practice their profession. Many of the teachers of gymnasia in Poland came from the youth of Rohatyn.
At this point it is appropriate to commemorate those who are no longer alive:
Lawyers: Dr. Yosef Weidman, Dr. Shmuel Sherf, Dr. Ludwig Shauder, Dr. Leon Katz, Henrik Katz, Ludwig Katz, Dr. Freiwald, Dr. Tzekhauser, Dr. Samy Shpiegel.
Mgr. Fishel Kreisler, Mgr. Pinye Mauer, Mgr. Yaakov Mondshein, Mgr. Sheike Pantzer, Mgr. Bune Pantzer, Dr. Leon Baraban, Mgr. Anshel Kaufman, Mgr. Rothroiber,
Mgr. Michel Weich, and others.
Doctors: Dr. Osias Tzenner, Dr. Chaike Kreisler, Dr. Lena Shumer, Dr. Michael Gold, Dr. Berel Manhardt, Dr. Joel Blumenreich, Dr. Yehuda Pasweg, Dr. Itta Weissbraun,
Dr. Yosef Teichman, Dr. Nuncia Willig.
High school teachers: The elderly teacher of religion, Herman Schwartz; Max Fuld; Urche Guttwort; Arye Guttwort; Chayke Mauer-Guttwort; Shmuel Zeidler; Lunke Zeidler; Isidore Mondschein; Rozhe Mondschein; Tolche Lev; Chana Baum; Brunia Bomza; Manio Kartin; Yosef Pantzer; Tunke Leventer; Pinye Leventer; Dov Serle; Dov Salka; Itta Mandel.
Pharmacists: Marcus Leventer; the elderly pharmacist Wagner; Lustig.
Merchants with a higher education: Turkel; Bomza; Hochberg; Yaakov Kartin; Yehuda Shkolnik a Polish army officer.
[1 photo, p. 158 Caption states: Yosef Teichman Dentist (son of Elisha Teichman, Of Blessed Memory)]
[Pages 159-161]
Ze'ev Baraban, Tel Aviv
Translated by Rabbi Mordecai Goldzweig
[1 photo, p. 159 Caption states: The production of King Lear, December, 1920 - Chaim Drooks, Avraham Tupp, David Prageh, Fishel Weiler, Unknown, Guttwort, Yaakov Foist, Shaul Pancher, Hinde Baum, Tova Baraban, Dr. Leibush Zlaks, Yitzchak Bernstein, Tunke Horen, Reize Leiter, David Rosenstein, Devorah Hoizer.]
Rohatyn the town in which I was born and spent my childhood was one of several hundred towns in Galicia, immersed in a struggle for existence. Its worries were about sources of income and work while the echoes of previous social and religious uproars were still being felt in the town. It was therefore not yet interested in developing the dramatic arts and it therefore never established any amateur dramatic companies. Only on infrequent occasions was it fortunate enough to be visited by one of the traveling companies. One such occasion that has stayed in my memory from childhood was when a group of traveling actors appeared on stage in the town one evening in the Jewish play, Der Wilder Mentch (The Wild Man). The plot of the play escapes me but I remember one of the songs that were sung in it down to the present day. This is the popular song Tzu fun a shtein bin ich geboiren, tzu hut mich mein mame gehat (Was I born to a rock or did my mother give birth to me?)
These rare visits in the town by the drama companies would arouse a great deal of interest among the inhabitants and become an exciting event for them. Even as a child I could not miss seeing a single play. We would receive our tickets through my father, Reb Yaakov Baraban, Of Blessed Memory, who was a mail carrier thus enabling us to obtain the tickets.
As I began to grow up these plays aroused my imagination more and more and in a relatively short time I and my friends organized a dramatic club in the Otrakvistit gymnasium where the star was someone we now know as Dr. Tzvi Zohar and where I would appear on stage playing the flute. (Incidentally, this flute has played an important part in my life and I appeared with it in the first performance of the Ohel theatre in 1925 in the play Neshef Paratz (A Party Broke Out). The club did not last very long because World War I soon broke out and Rohatyn and its youth were swept into the bloody storm. It was only after the war that attempts were again made to organize dramatic clubs among the students.
These were frightening times for the Jews of Galicia - days of pogroms by the gangs of Petlura, the Halarchik and the military regime. Yet within this torrent of blood Jews enjoyed a certain amount of internal autonomy. This was because the battling parties, the Ukrainians and the Poles, both needed the Jews on their side and this was the time when dramatic groups began to be organized in our town. It was something new among the youth. Amateur groups were organized by Dr. B. Zlatkes and they presented a number of plays. The same thing happened among the workers of our town who organized actors' groups where I presented the play Der Beitler Altz Millionaire (The Beggar as Millionaire). This play was quite successful which led to our presenting the play by Gordon, G-tt Mentch und Teivel (G-d, Man and Devil). The devil was played by my good friend Max Fuld and it even received favorable reviews from the Lemberger Taggeblatte which considered me to be a good director but found some weaknesses in the play. (However, in 1934 when I presented the same play again in Lemberg with the Ohel company, the reviews were much better and I felt much better )
When we visited Poland in 1934 with the Ohel group we also went to Rohatyn and my wife, Dvora Kastelanitz, and I spent about seven days there. During this time she appeared in a dramatic reading at the Sokol hall before the Jews of the town and the Zionist youth groups, but I was very disappointed to learn that the youth did not hear any Hebrew spoken and would not understand what was being said. Therefore, my wife was forced to introduce her play with an explanation in Yiddish for each portion of the play and her readings. Though this was an evening of readings and drama it was also a case of shnayim targum ve'echud mikre (two times translation and one time text) (a play of words on the requirement to read the text of the weekly portion of the Torah twice and the Aramaic commentary once communicating with the audience was difficult). Nevertheless, the evening was considered to be a great success since the Jews were very thirsty to hear something live from Israel.
[3 photos, p. 160 (Top photo)Caption states: Dr. Max Fuld, high school teacher, sharp minded, a brilliant mathematician, lost his position because of illness and remained in Rohatyn until World War II. He was shot in bed by the Nazis on March 20, 1942. The only survivors of his family are two sisters, Tzila Knosov and her daughter and Manke Fuld in Australia.
[(Middle photo)Caption states: Dr. Yaakov Kuperman, Lunke Zeidler, Ze'ev Baraban the first leaders of Hashomer Hatzair of Rohatyn, 1919.]
[(Bottom photo)Caption states: Seated to the left: Leitche Baraban, two grandchildren of her daughter Golda who is standing at her side; Meir Glatzer with Kiva on his knees; Golda and her husband Adolph Rappoport, Toiva Glatzer (Baraban).]
[1 photo, p. 161 Caption states: Souvenir of the play Seder Night performed by town actors: Top right: Leib Foist, Mordechai Streier, Moshe Eisen, Shlomo Mark, Dudke Prage, Reuven Kreisler, Yehoshua and Esther Shulster, Bella Taller, Djunak Bernstein, Feige Zeider, Yosef Green.]
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
Our mission is to produce a translation of the original work and we cannot verify the accuracy of statements or alter facts cited.
Rogatin (Rohatyn), Ukraine Yizkor Book Project JewishGen Home Page
Copyright © 1999-2019 by JewishGen, Inc.
Updated 17 Dec 2005 by LA


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Panthers running back Jonathan Stewart had a meeting with the team's doctors on Thursday to check on the status of his surgically repaired ankles and the result of that exam is going to keep Stewart on the sideline for a while.
Joseph Person of the Charlotte Observer reports that Panthers coach Ron Rivera announced that Stewart will be placed on the physically unable to perform list to start camp, which means he won't be able to practice with the rest of the team until he's activated. Stewart gave a brief update on his condition before word came down about the PUP list designation, saying that his left ankle felt fine but the right one was still causing him trouble.
"It's real difficult for the fact that you don't want to be sitting, standing around during training camp watching guys get reps," Stewart said. "You got to take things from the mental perspective because that's all you can really do when you're limited. And just missing out on being part of the team, sometimes you feel left out when you're not participating. Those are things I've dealt and we've got a good team and good group of guys that rally around each other, so I'm very fortunate."
With Mike Tolbert and DeAngelo Williams ready to go, Stewart risks losing time in the backfield rotation should his absence linger deep into camp and the preseason. That would be bad news for him and for the Panthers, whose best path to offensive success this season starts with a sturdy running game.

subset: commoncrawl


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In what is now absorbed in a flurry of sonic bliss and strange musical poses, yesterday, was a simple cardboard box. Yes, that is right, Felix received the Westone ES3X custom monitor and has been ordered to spend his days listening with renewed vigour (something he wasn't about to cheat on anyway) to the customs until he can pump out a fitting review. He will be comparing Westone's top of the range model to that of Jerry Harvey's similarly priced 10X3, another triple driver custom with a passive crossover network.
The two American headphones companies' websites  are below.


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OEF Summary, Nov. 3, 2009: Combined Force Detains Suspects in Afghanistan
Dispatches from the Front:
KABUL, Nov. 3, 2009 -- A combined Afghan and international security force detained several suspected militants today and yesterday in Afghanistan's Helmand and Kandahar provinces, military officials reported.
A combined force detained several suspects in Helmand province today after searching a compound known to be used by a Taliban leader in charge of coordinating attacks and supplying homemade bombs to other militants in the region.
The force targeted the compound near Koshtay village in Garmsir district after intelligence indicated militant activity there. The force searched the compound without incident; no shots were fired and no one was injured.
Elsewhere, a combined security force detained several suspected militants during the search of a compound in Kandahar province yesterday known to be used by a Taliban operator in the area.
The force targeted the compound in northern Kandahar City after intelligence indicated militant activity. The force searched the compound without incident. No shots were fired, and no one was injured.
(From an International Security Assistance Force Joint Command news release.)
Labels: Afghanistan, Dispatches from the Front, GWOT, Military, NATO, OEF, Terrorism


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R.I.P. George Melvin, local keyboard wizard
Awful news via the Daily Progress and straight from his wife Alfreda that local keyboard wizard George Melvin has passed away at 63 due to kidney problems and other medical complications resulting from his diabetes.
Melvin lived in the area for his entire life, and toward the end was a particularly intriguing local character who could be found playing piano a staggering six nights a week out at Keswick Hall in addition to sporadic other dates around town, many of which also involved him simultaneously puffing away on his pipe. The unique "Group Sound" gigs at the South Street Brewery had him bouncing his hands across several keyboards while backed by a drum loop to effectively cover all the parts of a small jazz combo by himself. He was a key lynchpin in local composer John Carden's jazz group Greenwich Swing Time, and he was particularly enthusiastic about his larger band format gigs with the hefty Hammond B3 organ he'd nicknamed "Miss Lucy."
"He was my soul mate, and I was very lucky in all the years that I've been performing to know him," says Carden. "He really loved this community and was the musical godfather for every musician in this town."
Melvin's Type II diabetes led to serious kidney problems beginning in 2005, and the whole situation came to a head in 2009 when his doctors finally decided he needed a transplant–- Melvin was uninsured, so local musicians rallied around him for a benefit concert. This closely mirrors what happened when longtime local bassist Steve Riggs suffered a heart attack earlier the same year; elsewhere, we're reminded that influential Big Star frontman Alex Chilton avoided seeking medical attention for his warning signs in the weeks before his fatal March 17 heart attack due to his lack of health insurance, and that medical bills to the tune of $70k may have contributed to the depression that led paraplegic singer-songwriter and occasional Gravity Lounge performer Vic Chesnutt to commit suicide on Christmas Day.
"George was a beloved man, and he touched a lot of people's lives deeply," says friend and associate Chris Munson, one of the organizers of the "Jazz-In for George" last November. "[The benefit] paid off all his medical debt. The outpouring was stunning and showed how greatly respected he was."
"Jam session in the sky" is what they usually say about these things, in which case Melvin joins Dave Matthews Band sax player LeRoi Moore and frequent collaborator Johnny Gilmore. Hopefully they'll play "Superstition."
Meanwhile, back down here, the recent landmark health care reform bill might soon make the prospect of being a musician with a medical condition somewhat less grim. To those that are still with us: please take care of yourselves, guys.
In lieu of flowers, the family requests that donations be made to the American Kidney Fund and/or the American Diabetes Association.
The funeral will be held at Mount Zion First African Baptist Church on Tuesday, April 20 at 2pm with visitation beginning at 1pm. There will also be a graveside ceremony on Wednesday, April 21 at 12pm at the First Church of Jesus in Hurt, Virginia.
18 comments
Mr. Melvin played for my church growing up. Mr. Melvin was very well respected in the community. He will be greatly missed.
Please don't spell linchpin "lynchpin".
My prayers for alfreda and the melvin family george will be greatly missed.
He was a good friend and taught me a lot when he played at my father's church in Lynchburg. He is already missed.
Ch'ville has indeed lost a great musician. Especially one who was willing to occasionally volunteer his services to local singers and community theater - unlike so many others in the area. Was sorry the reporter felt it necessary to politicize Mr. Melvin's passing, it was an unnecessary distraction to a tribute to a great talent.
Kaydin Edwards and Christina Lyon will miss you very much George. My prayers are with you Alfreda and family. Love you George.
George was a generous man and great musician. Having dinner at Fossets one night he let me play his "baby", his piano, what a classy, classy man whose music will be missed.
Leave it to a Charlottesville lib rag to soil a eulogy for a wonderful man with political utopian jibberish like that foisted upon us in this article. There is so much money in the local music scene--and we all know where a lot of this money is--that no working musician should go without private health insurance. And to state factually that Alex Chilton--the great Alex Chilton--refused medical care due to lack of insurance is a great example of why the "fourth estate" needs to be relegated to "another medium of entertainment" status. Pretty sleazy tactics by this author in a forum that should have ONLY honored the man. Shame on you.
Shocked and deeply saddened. I will be thinking and praying for you, Alfreda and family! George was one of the most genuine, caring, generous and talented men I've ever had the fortune to call a friend.
I cannot express my sadness at this news. We have lost a great man. The time in the cave was always rewarding and swingin'.
Cville has lost a local legend
Pop - it's me. I'm taking every opportunity on the Internet to let you know just how much I love you and just how special you are to me. You were a phenomenal musician of course, but even beyond that, you were a supportive, kind, gentle spirit who did a great job creating a pretty damn good life for me and your family. I love you and I'll be talking to you quite a bit.
You are the greatest, Pop and I'll miss you but I'm glad you've found peace.
Your Ballerina Girl
pie in the sky health bill propaganda aside, I remember George Melvin playing two keyboards at once behind a veil lof blue pipe smoke at the Boar's Head Inn - Terrace Lounge about 15 years ago. I used to sing with him and he'd make cassette tapes for me to take home. My wife cried when I sang Stardust. George was a generous and good man and a great player. Best REgards out to his family and friends.
I am not sure why anyone thinks that the challenges faced by people who do not work the 'company' job should be considered a politicizing of this man's death. Not having having health insurance often equates with not having access to health care, and is a very real slice of life for many many people. It affects the decisions they make on a daily basis.
I think his circumstances are a perfect opportunity to highlight some problem solving we still need to do in our society. It doesn't sound like Melvin wasn't about paying his bills.
There but for the Grace of God....
It does seem quite as normal to include information in a story to the effect that a person's medical condition may have been affected by the lack of public health car, as it would be to include information about lack of police protection in a murder case where someone violated a protective order, etc., etc..
The use of an expression like "lib rag" suggests the writer may be a bit on the callow side, maybe a young "cock o' the walk" who has yet to discover how quickly a self sufficient individual can be reduced by fate. By the way, he might be astonished to discover that some "Hook Team" people may not as liberal as he imagines.
The first time I heard George Melvin play was with a group called Blue Indigo at the Prism Coffeehouse in about 1995. He got me interested in the world of jazz and actually into the world of music in general. I had never seen a B-3 player before and will never see one like him again. The last time I saw him was a few months ago at South St. where I told him my 3 yr old son was just about old enough to stay up and come watch them play. I am deeply saddened by his early demise. Blessings on his friends and family.
Do you remember the rest of the group Blue Indigo?
That was some fine company there: George Melvin, LeRoi Moore, Carter Beauford and Sal Soghoian. The stories I hear of those days come from Tokyo Rose. There's the Dana word jazz story. John D'Earth stories...Greg with the funky stringed instrument (not a guitar, but like a stringed stick thing).
I'll never be able to think of the Boar's Head or Keswick without thinking of George. And kudo's to Keswick for working with him all the way up to the end -- that's class. Course they knew a good man when they saw one, and he was definitely a Very Good Man. He will be missed, greatly, and in small moments peppered over the rest of my life.
Blessings on his family and friends indeed.
The world has indeed lost a great musician and one hell of a guy! I had the honor of working with George and also with Tommy Miller for several years back in the 80s and 90s and they were 2 of the finest people I've ever had the pleasure of knowing. Its saddens me deeply to hear this news.


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Jnyusa wrote:Hamlet wrote:What I did say is that the PERCEPTION of both sides was that "the other side" was out to get them.
You're right, Hamlet. I did misunderstand you and I apologize.
It is very helpful when you state which point I missed instead of just screaming at me and calling me names.
I believed I had, but I apologize if it got missed.
This particular form of miscommunication is a particular sore point for me simply on the basis that I deal with it daily, typically absorbing abuse from people who earn more than six times what I earn yet have the listening skills of a brain damaged gerbil.


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Hotel services include: restaurant and bar open 7 days for breakfast and dinner, 8 function venues, complimentary parking, guest laundry and dry cleaning service, as well as our indoor pool, spa, sauna and games area.
Children under 12 stay free using existing bedding.


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Robert Ray/ AP
Water levels on the Mississippi River continue to fall near Vicksburg, Miss., seen in this Aug. 6, 2012 photo.
ABOARD THE DREDGE JADWIN IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER – The drought of 2012 has humbled the mighty Mississippi River.
A year after near-historic flooding, the river's water levels are at near-historic lows from Cairo, Ill., where the Ohio River empties into it, to New Orleans, just north of its endpoint at the Gulf of Mexico.
In July, water levels in Cairo, Memphis, Tenn., and Vicksburg, Miss., dipped below those of the historic drought of 1988. That's affecting everything from commerce on the maritime superhighway to recreation to the drinking water in Louisiana.
The biggest impact may be on shipping. "It's getting near critical," said Austin Golding, a third-generation co-owner of Vicksburg, Miss.-based Golding Barge Lines. "Without more rain, we're heading into uncharted territory."
About $180 billion worth of goods move up and down the river on barges, 500 million tons of the basic ingredients for much of the U.S. economy, according to the American Waterways Operators, a trade group. It carries 60 percent of the nation's grain, 22 percent of the oil and gas and 20 percent of the coal, according to American Waterways Operators. It would take 60 trailer trucks to carry the cargo in just one barge, 144 18-wheeler tankers to carry the oil and gas in one petroleum barge.
MSNBC's Thomas Roberts talks to NBC News Correspondent John Yang and CNBC's Jackie Deangelis about the record-breaking drought gripping much of the country.
The low water levels mean that barge companies have to lighten their load by about 25 percent so the barges ride higher in the water, reducing what's known as the barges' "draught."
That means each tow boat is moving less cargo than usual even though "it takes up the same amount of fuel to burn and the same amount of manpower," said Ed Henleben, senior operations manager for Ingram Barge Co. in St. Louis.
Already this summer, there are been 15 to 20 cases of barges running aground, according to Steve Jones, the Army Corps of Engineer's Mississippi River navigation manager. Some cases have stalled river traffic for as much at three days. At this point in an average summer, there'd be only about eight or 10, Jones said.
And as the water drops, the river channel narrows. In some places, the Mississippi is a one-way river as barges heading north have to wait for traffic headed south, adding to the costly delays.
The result: Millions of dollars in higher shipping costs.
"The products we tow, that product costs more," said Golding. "Somebody's got to come up with that cost."
Economists say ultimately, it will be the consumer. "Some markets such as spot markets for agricultural products will be immediately impacted by increased transportation costs," said Donald Sweeney of the University of Missouri-St. Louis.
The Mississippi River, an essential waterway responsible for transporting billions of dollars of products every year, is becoming unnavigable. NBC's John Yang reports.
The navigational hazards of the low water levels are compounded by last year's flooding, which resulted in a great deal of soil and silt being washed into the river, altering and raising the riverbed.
Because of that sediment in a flood, "as the ceiling rises, so does the floor," said Golding. "We've just dealt with a historic flood, then the water drops.… We have some 50-year guys who've never seen anything like this before. It's a completely different river than anybody's ever seen."
As the Army Corps of Engineers' navigation manager, Jones spend eight to 10 hours a day directing dredges to keep a navigable channel from St. Louis south at least nine feet deep (a system of locks and dams manages the water depth north of St. Louis). So far, the government has spent about $60 million in the effort.
Grocery stores around the nation may soon see a ripple effect of the drought, with animal-based, perishable foods costs increasing by nearly 5 percent in the coming year. NBC's Janet Shamlian reports
The low water levels in the Mississippi are also resulting in a wedge of salt water creeping upriver from the Gulf of Mexico, threatening the drinking water supply in New Orleans. The Army Corps of Engineers hopes to begin work this week on a $5.8 million underwater barrier to block the saltwater's advance.
The river's low levels are the result of a combination of the mild winter in the Upper Midwest, which resulted in very little snow melt to feed the river, and the dry spring and summer in the tributaries to the Mississippi and Ohio rivers.
What will it take to get the Mississippi back to normal? Says Jones: "Rainfall – which will occur, it's just a question of when."
Drought conditions plague much of the United States after a summer of scorching temperatures and a lack of rain. The dryness is affecting America's farmland, threatening crops like soybean and corn.
More coverage of the drought:
'Best year ever' for some farmers outside drought region
Forced to sell cattle during drought, dairy farmers 'just keep praying' for rain
Drought expected to take toll at checkout
Americans tell their story of #Drought2012
In drought-stricken Wisconsin, farmers helping farmers
Emergency well drilling brings relief to farmers stricken by drought
Have you been affected by the worst drought in more than 50 years? Share your photos with us on Instagram, Tumblr or Twitter with the tag #Drought2012. You can also upload your photos in the box below.


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My Work as part of the 'Voyages' Issue of the New York Times Magazine Website
As I explained in my last post, I was one of many photographers hired to do a nationwide project for the New York Times Magazine. But after shooting, the Times changed their idea to just be around the New York City area.
A few weeks after that (under a week ago), they opened it back up to anyone around the nation - they were going to feature more work on their website. Thursday night, I saw that one of my photos had made the cut - I was one of about 30 photographers included on their site, and I was among names like Walter Iooss and Gregory Heisler.
The NY Times Magazine website for their "Voyages" issue.
My image in the middle from along the Mississippi - an area I run by a few times a month.
Close up from the website.
Go to my last post to see everything I shot for this project.
And go here (and start scrolling down) to see details from the other 4 projects I've done over the years for the NY Times Magazine. I've had a few friends ask about my other projects for them recently.


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Graphite Metallic 2017 Chevrolet Cruze Premier FWD 6-Speed Automatic 1.4L 4-Cylinder Turbo DOHC CVVT
Why buy from us!! When you purchase a new or pre-owned vehicle at Clawson Honda of Fresno, you will feel confident in knowing that you're the proud, new owner of a quality vehicle. Other dealerships may promise that their vehicles are solid, in great shape and without problems but at Clawson Honda of Fresno, we warrant the condition of this vehicle with an ENGINE FOR LIFE WARRANTY!!! Our Engine for Life Warranty ensures repair or replacement of any covered engine component that fails during the warranty period. Your engine is covered for as long as you own your car. 30/40 City/Highway MPG
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* Cabin is attractive, especially with the two-tone color scheme; lots of rear seat legroom; plenty of appealing convenience and technology features are offered. Source: Edmunds
We're ready to make your car-buying experience one to remember here at Clawson Honda of Fresno, and we'll be here to help long after you drive off our lot, too. Our goal is to serve as your go-to automotive destination, and we've been doing so proudly for local drivers for more than 40 years now. Our family-owned dealership offers a friendly, fun atmosphere that puts you at ease and allows you to be comfortable when shopping for a car or getting service. Come visit us today in Fresno to see for yourself!
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Twitter to Pull the Plug on TweetDeck on May 7
Twitter to Pull the Plug on TweetDeck on May 7
Twitter has just announced that it will officially cease support for TweetDeck's mobile apps on May 7. The apps will cease to appear in Android and iOS app stores after May 7, and downloaded apps will stop working shortly after. That's because the Twitter API that the apps use will also be retired. Twitter also stated that the apps' Facebook integration will cease to function after May 7. However, TweetDeck fans will still be able to use TweetDeck in their browser, where the experience is constantly being updated with new features. The popular third-party social media app was acquired by Twitter in mid 2011 for about US$ 50 million.
Over the past 18 months, we've been focused on building a fast and feature-rich web application for modern browsers, and a Chrome app, which offers some unique features like notifications. We've recently introduced many enhancements to these apps –– a new look and feel, tools like search term autocomplete and search filters to help you find what you're looking for more quickly, and automatically-updating Tweet streams so you immediately see the most recent Tweets. Our weekly web releases have been possible because we've nearly doubled the size of the TweetDeck team over the past six months (and we're still hiring).
In many ways, doubling down on the TweetDeck web experience and discontinuing our app support is a reflection of where our TweetDeck power-users are going. Over the past few years, we've seen a steady trend towards people using TweetDeck on their computers and Twitter on their mobile devices. This trend coincides with an increased investment in Twitter for iPhone and Twitter for Android –– adding photo filters and other editing capabilities, revamping user profiles and enhancing search. That said, we know this applies to most of our users –– not all of them. And for those of you who are inconvenienced by this shift, our sincere apologies.
Source: Twitter


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It's one of the most popular pain medicines in the U.S., but every year, 150 Americans die from accidently taking too much acetaminophen, the drug found in Tylenol. The drug is linked to more deaths than any other over-the-counter pain reliever.
When you're in pain, they make it stop, but how many pills do you pop for relief? Surveys show a quarter of Americans routinely takes more over-the-counter pain pills than they should.
"We're a medicine-taking culture. We reach for a pill for all of our medical problems," said Alexander Kuo, MD, Gastroenterologist, UC San Diego Health System.
However, Kuo says the popular drug acetaminophen, found in Tylenol, can be dangerous in high doses. It's the nation's leading cause of acute liver failure.
"The problem is when people abuse it, when they take more than is healthy for them," Kuo said.
For healthy people, the standard dose is no more than four-thousand milligrams in a 24-hour period, but if you have chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis, it's less than 2,000 milligrams. People who drink alcohol should also be cautious since alcohol combined with acetaminophen can lower the threshold for liver damage.
The tricky part—acetaminophen is found in other meds like Nyquil, Excedrin, Sudafed, Robitussin, and Benadryl. So, you might be doubling your dose without knowing it.
"Suddenly, they've gone from a safe amount of Tylenol to an unsafe amount," Kuo said.
Acetaminophen overdose sends as many as 78,000 Americans to the ER every year, but Toxicologist Richard Clark says pain meds like ibuprofen and aspirin also carry risks.
"If you took the maximum daily dose of ibuprofen for a week or two, 30 percent of everybody is going to have microscopic hemorrhages of their stomach," said Richard Clark, MD, Toxicologist, UC San Diego Health System.
So, only take them when you need them and always follow dosing instructions.
"Limited use is perfectly safe," Kuo said.
Countries like Great Britain, Switzerland, and New Zealand have limited how much acetaminophen consumers can buy at one time or require it to be sold only by pharmacies.
Additional information can be found at http://www.propublica.org/article/tylenol-mcneil-fda-use-only-as-directed.


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Intel Haswell Processors
Intel's fourth-generation Core series processors heralded a new era of high-performance, power-efficient application and graphics processors. With superior GPUs and three new low-power modes, Haswell offers a bit more processing power than Ivy Bridge but with 50 percent more battery life. The Iris graphics processor increases resolutions and doubles the 3-D performance delivered by prior Intel HD Graphics editions. When compared with an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, a fourth-generation Intel Core i5 processor with Iris technology is rated to deliver a 17 times improvement in video conversion rate and 25 times faster graphics performance for PC gaming. Intended for digital designers, artists and advanced video and photo editors, Iris Pro supports the 4K Ultra HD 4,096-x-2,160 display spec with high-frame rates adequate for gaming without the need for a discrete graphics card. Haswell processors were initially available in four models starting at 15 watts. Prices range from around $197 for the low-end Core i5 4430 to a high of $368 for the Core i7 4470.


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Covid-19 Update: We are here for you, shipping great food nationwide.
Our bread is magical. When you walk into Zingerman's Deli, it's the first thing you see, it's what you smell and it's what you're invited to taste. It's what people in Ann Arbor live on and what they send their friends across the country. Considered by many to be some of the finest bread made anywhere—which partly explains why we mail so much.
If you're worried that someone will think you're a little crazy for sending bread through the mail, it may reassure you to know that you're not alone. We send thousands of loaves to bread lovers nationwide. We guarantee the folks who get this gift will be happy to eat these handmade loaves. The first loaf arrives when you'd like, the others follow one month later and so on.
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Nick, Chicago, Illinois
"I once got my parents, who lived in New York City, [Zingerman's] bread of the month club, and the packaged deliveries were consistently better than what they could get fresh at the Big Apple's best bakeries."
Larry Olmsted, Forbes
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Privoxy Proxy Authentication Credential Exposure
Product: Privoxy
Project Homepage: privoxy.org
Advisory ID: c22-2013-01
Vulnerable Version(s): 3.0.20 (and possibly prior)
Tested Version: 3.0.20-1 (tested using Debian Sid)
Vendor Notification: March 6, 2013
Public Disclosure: March 11, 2013
Vulnerability Type: Insufficiently Protected Credentials [CWE-522]
CVE Reference: CVE-2013-2503
Risk Level: Medium
CVSSv2 Base Score: 4.3 (AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N)
Discovery: Chris John Riley ( http://blog.c22.cc )
Advisory Details:
During research into browser and proxy server handling of HTTP
Response Codes, an issue with the way that Privoxy handles HTTP
Response code 407 "Proxy Authentication Required" was discovered.
Privoxy in versions 3.0.20 (and possibly prior) ignores the presence of
"Proxy-Authenticate" and "Proxy-Authorization" headers and allows these
values to be passed to and from a remote server without modification.
The resulting behavior could allow a malicious websites to spoof a
Proxy-Authentication response appearing to originate from the Privoxy
service. The Privoxy user will then be prompted for a username and
password that appears to originate from the Privoxy software.
1) A Privoxy user visits a website using a browser of their choice
2) The remote website responds to the request with a 407 "Proxy
Authentication Required" HTTP response code and the appropriate
"Proxy-Authenticate: Basic" HTTP response header
3) This response is passed through the Privoxy service without
modification to the users browser
4) As the browser is configured to use a proxy server, the browser
believes that the upstream proxy (Privoxy) has requested
authentication and prompts the user for a username and password. This
prompt states that the proxy server at "127.0.0.1:8118" requires
authentication (this prompt may vary if Privoxy is running on a
machine other than localhost and/or on a non-default port number)
5) If the user enters a username and password, the browser will send
a request through Privoxy to the remote website with a
"Proxy-Authorization: XXXXXXXX" HTTP request header (where XXXXXXX is
a base64 encoded version of the username and password the user
entered at the browsers proxy authentication prompt)
6) The remote website receives this header and can store or re-use
these captured credentials
Proof of Concept:
The above URL will respond with a "Proxy-Authenticate: basic" header
when a request is received that does no contain a
"Proxy-Authorization" header. This will prompt the users browser to
request a username/password from the user. If you enter a value in the
username/password box and click ok, it will send a Base64 encoded
version to the remote website (the server will display the response
headers at the bottom of the resulting page under request headers (one
of the values will be "Proxy-Authorization" with a base64 encoded
version of the entered username/password). For a full walkthrough it
is suggested to capture this in your favourite packet capture program
and walk through the requests to view the entire process.
Note --> The above POC does not store any data sent to the server,
however it is suggested to use bogus credentials if testing this proof of
The following solution was suggested and implemented in Privoxy 3.0.21
Proxy authentication headers are removed unless the new directive
enable-proxy-authentication-forwarding is used. Forwarding the headers
potentionally allows malicious sites to trick the user into providing
it with login information.
Privoxy 3.0.21 ChangeLog -->
Vulnerability Timeline:
March 5, 2013 20:00 - Initial discovery of vulnerability
March 6, 2013 14:48 > Emailed Privoxy developer list to request a
security contact
March 6, 2013 15:26 < Received response with dedicated security contact
March 6, 2013 16:01 > Emailed details of the vulnerability to security
March 6, 2013 17:19 < Received response acknowledging issue. Fix
indicated in upcoming release
March 6, 2013 18:38 > Acknowledged receipt of email and advised of
updated CVSSv2 score
March 7, 2013 15:50 < Received response detailing proposed fix,
including link to CVS check-in of new code
March 7, 2013 18:48 > Acknowledged receipt of email
March 9, 2013 16:54 > Emailed CVE number to security contact and
requested information on release plans
March 10, 2013 14:28 < Received confirmation of release timeline
March 10, 2013 14:58 - Release of Privoxy 3.0.21 stable
March 11, 2013 07:45 - Release of advisory


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Jeremy "Twitch" Stenberg Joins Stronghold Motorsports
March 2, 2012 9:45am
Jeremy "Twitch" Stenberg Joins Jeremy McGrath on Team Toyo® Off-Road in 2012
CYPRESS, CALIFORNIA – Toyo Tire U.S.A. Corp. announced today Jeremy "Twitch" Stenberg and Jeremy McGrath will both compete in the Pro2 Unlimited class of the Lucas Oil® Off Road Racing Series on Toyo® Open Country M/T®-R tires. This action-packed short-course off-road racing series features large fields of entrants in high-horsepower machines, all fighting for the top spot on the podium. Both drivers are members of the powerful Stronghold Motorsports off-road racing team.
Last year seven-time AMA Supercross Champion, Jeremy McGrath, captured his first win in Pro 2 Unlimited in front of a packed stadium at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. He also captured six podium finishes, one being third overall in the big money finale, the Lucas Oil Challenge Cup, Pro 2 vs. Pro 4. With his 2011 successes, look for McGrath to be a strong contender for the Pro 2 Unlimited championship in 2012 with his 900-horsepower #2 Monster Energy / Toyo Tires® Ford F-150.
Joining McGrath and Team Toyo Off-Road is Jeremy "Twitch" Stenberg with his Toyo Tires / Stronghold Motorsports Ford F-150. The hard-charging Stenberg is a 10-time X-Games medalist in Freestyle Moto-X and won the 2010 SuperLite truck class championship in the Lucas Oil Off Road Racing Series.
"I'm pumped to be joining my teammate Jeremy McGrath on Team Toyo. Toyo Tires has established itself as a leader in short course off road racing with the Open Country M/T race tire," said Jeremy "Twitch" Stenberg. "My Stronghold Motorsports Pro2 is dialed in and with my Toyo Tires putting that horsepower to the ground we're going to be a force to be reckoned with."
"We are excited to have both Jeremy 'Twitch' Stenberg and Jeremy McGrath as members of Team Toyo Off-Road in 2012," said Amy Coleman, senior director of marketing, Toyo Tire U.S.A. Corp. "Both are highly competitive and have a huge base of fans. They will both be great representatives of our Toyo Tires philosophy… Driven to Perform."
The 16-race Lucas Oil Off Road Racing Series begins March 31, 2012 at Firebird Raceway in Chandler, Arizona. Races will be broadcast on CBS Sports, NBC Sports Network, SPEED Channel and MavTV. Log on to www.lucasoiloffroad.com for both race and programming schedules.
About Toyo Tire U.S.A. Corp.
Toyo Tires manufactures and distributes a complete line of premium replacement tires for nearly every make and model including high performance cars, luxury vehicles, light trucks and SUVs as well as tires for commercial trucks. For more information log onto www.toyotires.com and connect with the community at www.facebook.com/toyotires and www.twitter.com/toyotires.


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