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While "For Chamber, 2010 census is serious biz" (Holly Tsang- March 11) made sense, other expenditures by the U.S. Census Bureau did not. Consider while the New Orleans Saints won the Super Bowl, taxpayers lost. There are higher priorities than the Census Bureau paying $2.5 million dollars for Super Bowl Spots.
Even worse is the expenditure of $133 million ad campaign. The IRS can inform citizens about the 2010 census by including information in tax forms and tax returns. Members of Congress can do likewise with their numerous mailings at taxpayers expenses which reach virtually everyone.
Every elected official on the village, town, county, city and state level is already promoting participation in the census by their constituents. Enlightened newspaper editorial boards like yours spread the word free of charge. They all know how it impacts future Congressional representation and distribution of federal aid.
Every year, how many other city, state and federal government agencies combined waste several billion dollars of taxpayers monies for so called "public service" ads?
Uncle Sam's deficit has increased by $1.75 trillion last year. It will increase an additional $1.8 trillion this year. Common sense tells me there are better ways to spend $133 million dollars. With wasteful expenditures like this, no wonder the Taxpayers Tea Party revolt is growing.
Larry Penner
Great Neck


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Star Bow - Silver
Add a little color to your packaging with our Silver Star Bow. Look for our Splendorette Ribbon or Butterfly Bow to complete your box; this collection is the key!
* Disclaimer: Sold out items will be removed from the website, however delays can occur. We will contact you if an item is sold out and cannot be filled on your order. Closeout items cannot be returned. Due to color variations in monitors and printers, including settings and lighting, actual color may vary. For a true color representation, please call 800.777.9911 or email firstname.lastname@example.com for actual sample(s).

subset: commoncrawl


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Tag Archives: 2014 dodge challenger
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True Blossom Stay-Up (Out of stock)
€ 43,00
Making a floral statement: Abstract flower petals decorate these stay-ups made of delicate net. The smooth stay-up band ensures a comfortable and secure fit.
• Matte finish
• 4cm-wide stay-up band
A stylish, trendy look.
Order Today: Estimated Delivery Date 06/10/2020
- main material 80% nylon, 20% elastane


text: Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - Anyone rode the bus south from Bogota? Get TEFL Certified & Start Your Adventure Today! Job Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Anyone rode the bus south from Bogota? Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Colombia View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message DaddyoJoined: 19 Jun 2008Posts: 89Location: Bogota, Colombia Posted: Sat Feb 20, 2010 8:30 pm Post subject: Anyone rode the bus south from Bogota? Hi folks, a non ESL teaching question, but an interesting one I think. Has anyone done the bus grind from Bogota to Santiago de Chile? How many days is it? Back to top ghostdogJoined: 13 Mar 2004Posts: 119Location: Wherever the sun doesn't shine Posted: Thu Mar 04, 2010 8:44 pm Post subject: I´ve ridden from Santiago -- actually, BA to begin with -- as far north as Cali though, thankfully not all at once. A week of travel, at least, and as you might expect, not all that pleasant. You´d need to break up the trip in order to keep from going insane, and I would suggest taking absolutely the best class of bus you can afford on each leg to make the trip bearable. If you´re taking the bus to travel, or to make a point, that´s one thing. But if you simply need to get from Bogota to Santiago, and you aren´t overburdened with luggage, I´d look into a flight. You won´t save that much by taking a bus (a decent bus from Chile to Arica is at least 100 usd, for example), and large stretches of the trip -- particularly through Chile and in Peru between Arequipa and Lima -- are pretty uninspiring. Buena suerte. Back to top DaddyoJoined: 19 Jun 2008Posts: 89Location: Bogota, Colombia Posted: Thu Mar 04, 2010 9:37 pm Post subject: ghostdog wrote: You won´t save that much by taking a bus . Buena suerte. that's all I wanted to know, amigo. Many thanks... Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Colombia All times are GMT Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Where to Begin----------------General DiscussionNewbie ForumCurrent Events ForumTechnology ForumOnline Teaching Forum Africa Forums----------------General Africa Forum Asia Forums----------------CambodiaChina (Job-related Posts Only)China (Off-Topic)Hong KongIndiaIndonesiaJapanMalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeTaiwanThailandGeneral Asia ForumVietnam Caribbean Forums----------------General Caribbean Forum Europe Forums----------------Czech RepublicFranceGermanyGreeceItalyMacedonia and the BalkansPolandRomaniaRussia & C.I.S.SpainTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomGeneral Europe Forum Latin America Forums----------------ArgentinaBrazilChileColombiaCosta RicaMexicoMexico (off-topic)PeruGeneral Latin America Forum The Middle East Forums----------------BahrainEgyptIsraelKuwaitOmanQatarSaudi ArabiaUnited Arab EmiratesGeneral Middle East Forum North America Forums----------------General North America Forum Oceania----------------Australia/New Zealand You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum This page is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Contact Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2018 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved. Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group Teaching Jobs in China


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Most athletes expect injuries and not an infection to be the thing that would most likely make them miss some time. Viral, fungal, and bacterial infections can not only take a person out of the game, but can be serious enough to require hospitalization. Recent outbreaks of Staph infections at schools and even ones affecting professional teams (e.g. Tampa Bay Buccaneers) have shed light on the issue, but many athletes are still unaware of the potential for infection in locker rooms, outdoor sporting activities, and even among family. Here are some commons infections that can afflict athletes.
Staph Infections
Perhaps the most dreaded and serious of them all are the Staph bacterial infections. Most recently, there has been a surge in community-acquired MRSA infections (a resistant strain) that often affects those with poor hygiene, who live in crowded situations, and have had recent trauma to the skin. They are particularly common in wrestlers, football players, and anywhere there is shared use of contaminated equipment. A recent study showed that there was a 22% prevalence of Staph in locker room whirlpools in college training rooms. It will often present as a red, painful bump but can also develop into abscesses and further soft-tissue infection. Prevention is key with frequent hand washing being the most important prophylaxis. How it presents determines how it is treated. Fluid collections should be drained and all patients should be placed on antibiotics that target the resistant form. Returning to play, per various groups' guidelines, should only be considered after treatment for 72 hours, no new lesions for 48 hours, and no drainage being present.
Infectious Mononucleosis (IM)
Also known as "kissing disease", IM is a common viral infection that affects teenagers and young adults, and is often caused from sharing water bottles. Patients will experience a sore throat, body aches/pains, fatigue, fevers, and possibly a rash, and it may take upwards of a month for symptoms to present themselves after one is exposed. The most concerning feature associated with IM is spleen enlargement. When an athlete's spleen is enlarged, especially contact athletes, this puts them at risk for having the spleen rupture, and, while although rare, can be potentially fatal. IM symptoms usually disappear after 3-4 weeks but may take longer till an athlete is ready to return to sports. Controversy exists with regards to when a contact athlete with IM is safe to return to sports, but most studies show that is probably safe after 4-6 weeks for them to return to play.
Fungal Infections
Caused by direct skin-to-skin contact, fungal infections are quite prevalent and can affect all parts of the body. "Athlete's foot", "jock itch", "ringworm" all fall into this category. While they don't usually cause too much in the way of significant health issues, they can cause athletes to miss quite of bit of practice and competition time. Most commonly, treatment is in the form of topical creams/ointments, but for more serious cases oral treatment may be needed. Current guidelines recommend 72 hours of topical treatment for non-scalp infections and having a protective dressing over all lesions for return to play.
While infections are an often overlooked cause of athletes and patients missing time from their sports or activities, they can be just as frustrating as an injury with regards to time off, treatment, and recovery. Sarasota Orthopedic Associates is driven to helping get their patients back in the game, no matter the cause.
Trevor Born, MD – Dr Born is a Sports Medicine physician at Sarasota Orthopedic Associates specializing in upper and lower extremity conditions. SOA has three convenience locations in Sarasota, Lakewood Ranch, and Venice and offers same day appointments when needed.


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California Post-MortemPosted by AMurawa on April 17th, 2013
Now that we are officially in the offseason, it's time to take a look back and evaluate each team's 2012-13 performance. Next on our list: California.
What Went Right
In 2011-12, the Golden Bears got 27.8 points per game out of Allen Crabbe and Justin Cobbs on a team that featured a pair of veterans who also chipped in with the scoring load. This season everyone knew that the veteran backcourt was going to have to take another step forward, and they did so, upping their combined average to 33.5 PPG despite increased attention from opposing defenses. All the extra attention may have hurt their efficiency somewhat, but credit Cobbs and Crabbe for filling the void.
What Went Wrong
Nobody else stepped up as a consistent third scoring threat to ease the pressure on the backcourt. Richard Solomon again exhibited flashes of brilliance, but never really put it together consistently; Missouri transfer Ricky Kreklow struggled with foot injuries all season long; and freshman Tyrone Wallace showed the athleticism and feel for the game necessary to become a very good player, but a jumper that needs a lot of work. And no matter how much head coach Mike Montgomery and his two veteran guards tried to get other players involved (regularly in the middle of the year, Cobbs and Crabbe would go through an entire first half with limited field goal attempts), the production just wasn't coming. Read the rest of this entry »


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EARTH believes in "ART WITH ARTH" which means art with a meaning. Earth opens the doors to your imagination with artefacts created by its skilled craftsmen. Earth's artists & craftsmen take extreme pleasure in doing what they like most. CREATING. We display Ganesha's in every size, form you can imagine , Jharokas, Designer wall clocks, Single edition clocks, Murals, Bells, Candle stands, Agarbatti stands, Bookends, abstracts, Keychains, Keychain Holders, Table pieces, Wine bottle holders, Canvas Paintings, Paintings on wood, Thought Slogans, Name plates & a huge variety of Business Promotion giveaways. The collection at EARTH is a blend of ethnic India & the Modern world. Earth has created & designed products keeping in mind the European & American markets & have a huge collection of unimaginables for them (to remember earth).
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The images represent actual product though color of the image and product may slightly differ.
Earth Brown Resin Nauticals 11
Rs. 464


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L.S. Lowry
Commissioned by Great Northern and 15% of sales go to Forever Manchester
Giclée print on 300gsm Matte Satin Archival Quality paper
Available in A4, A3, A2, A1 sizes and 500mm x 700mm
A percentage of the proceeds will be donated to Forever Manchester.
Delivers worldwide.
UK Shipping - £6
International Shipping - £10
NB. Frame not included.
Please allow up to 10 days for delivery in the UK, 14 days for overseas delivery.


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The Dugandan Hotel, or "The Dugie" as it is affectionately known, is the quintessential country pub.
Offering friendly service with a smile and an extensive menu ranging from your traditional pub fare to hearty country classics, there's plenty of reasons to visit the Dugie for lunch, dinner or relaxing weekend drinks. Enjoy from the award-winning range of Sirromet wines or relax with one of the on tap craft beers that are readily available.
There's also plenty to keep the kids occupied with a playground and games room. Plus *Kids Eat Free every Monday for lunch and dinner.
*Children under 12 years receive one free meal and an ice cream from the Kids Menu with any main meal purchased (Includes Main Meals $15 and over only. Excludes Specials Menu. May not be available on Public Holidays). Offer available Monday - lunch and dinner.
Enjoy picturesque views of the Scenic Rim from the deck and beer garden or sit in the public bar and have a yarn.
Courtesy Bus now AVAILABLE!! Phone - 07 5463 1048
After reading Terry's review we decided to see for ourselves. The Dugandan is simply one of the great country Pubs in Australia...
- by Wilson 25/02/2012 on au.totaltravel.yahoo.com
"Hospitality excellent, great food and a huge variety of beers on tap."
- by Barry & Kate Cox on gdaypubs.com.au
I love this pub!! Fantastic service and wonderful food!! So clean too! Good ole country service! Great country pub!
- by John and Sandy 09/04/2012 on publocation.com.au


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I'd say it would be:
Dear President-Elect and Mrs. Obama,
English Teacher
I was asked this question and am not sure what the correct form for all of them would be. Do you say Dear Mr. President-Elect, First Lady-Elect and family or what? Can she be the First Lady-Elect or is she known as Mrs. Obama for a couple of months? Do you have to repeat -Elect? Is there a proper protocol to follow? (If so, can I have the URL too?)
Many thanks
I'd say it would be:
Dear President-Elect and Mrs. Obama,
That's what I'd say.
I think she's not the First Lady-elect because she was not elected. I think she's just called "The future first lady" and her title remains "Mrs."
I'm sure there are people in Washington, DC, who know this for sure, though.
It would be the same as for addressing a Dr. and his/her spouse or any official.
Dear Dr. and Mrs. Smith and family.
Dear Mayor and Mrs. Jones and family


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Annual Teen/ Artist Project Exhibition
- May 25, 2015 2:00 PM
Annual Teen/ Artist Project Exhibition
Ashley Allen, Simon Brown, Will Burnett, Adriana Castillo, Sinclair Corbett, Zhaira Costiniano,
Fernanda Garcia, Alice Matthews, Callie McCarthy, Julia Monte, Kimberly Morales, Humna Raza
May 25 – June 15 2014
Reception for the artists
Sunday, May 25, 2-5pm
Open weekends noon-4 pm and weekdays by appointment.
Visit www.gallery414.org or call 817.336.6595 for more information.
Gallery 414, 414 Templeton, Fort Worth TX 76107


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Planning groups are at odds over a bill, H.R. 1062, that passed the House on Friday requiring the Securities and Exchange Commission to conduct more rigourous cost-benefit analyses prior to any rulemaking.
The bill—the SEC Regulatory Accountability Act, which was written by Rep. Scott Garret, R-N.J., and codifies the cost-benefit analysis requirements of the president's Executive Order No. 13563—passed the House by a 235-161 vote.
The bill's chances of passing in the Senate, however, are slim.
In order to implement the bill, the SEC's operating costs would spike by $23 million over five years, according to the Congressional Budget Office.
However, Dale Brown, president and CEO of the Financial Services Institute, says that the bill has "the potential to save Main Street investors and financial services providers significantly more," as "unclear and inefficient regulations drive up compliance costs and increase litigation expenses for those serving the financial and securities industry, and this in turn raises the cost of investment and retirement planning for investors."
But the Financial Planning Coalition said in a statement Friday that the legislation would effectively create "additional obstacles to SEC rulemaking," specifically the SEC's rule to put brokers under a fiduciary mandate. The coalition argues that a fiduciary rule would "help restore and strengthen public trust in financial advisers—both investment advisers and broker-dealers."
SEC Chairwoman Mary Jo White told members of the House Financial Services Committee on Thursday that while she's "a firm supporter of economic analysis," she has "concerns about this bill." Not only would it add additional requirements but it would put the agency's rules "under constant challenge."
Twelve public interest groups—including the North American Securities Administrators Association, CalPERS and the Consumer Federation of America—issued a joint letter Thursday saying the bill subjects the SEC to "massive new cost-benefit analysis requirements (on top of the plentiful requirements that already apply)," and that HR 1062 "would invite a flood of litigation and effectively give Wall Street veto power over rules it dislikes."
Read FSI Backs Bill Requiring SEC Cost-Benefit Analysis on AdvisorOne.


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|Article Index
|Author Bio
|Book Reviews
|Discussion Questions
|Full Version
• Birth—October 25, 1941
• Where—Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
• Education—B.A., Duke University
• Awards—Pulitzer Prize (see below)
• Currently—lives in Baltimore, Maryland
Anne Tyler is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American novelist, short story writer, and literary critic. She has published 20 novels, the best known of which are Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant (1983), The Accidental Tourist (1985), and Breathing Lessons (1988). All three were nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the third won it.
She has also won the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize, the Ambassador Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award. In 2012 she was awarded The Sunday Times Award for Literary Excellence. She is recognized for her fully developed characters, her "brilliantly imagined and absolutely accurate detail" (New York Times), and her "rigorous and artful style" and "astute and open language" (also, New York Times). While many of her characters have been described as quirky or eccentric, she has managed to make them seem real through skillfully fleshing out their inner lives in great depth.
Her subject in all her novels has been the American family and marriage: the boredom and exasperating irritants endured by partners, children, siblings, parents; the desire for freedom pulling against the tethers of attachments and conflicted love; the evolution over time of familial love and sense of duty. Tyler celebrates unremarkable Americans and the ordinary details of their everyday lives. Because of her style and subject matter, she has been compared to John Updike, Jane Austen, and Eudora Welty, among others.
The eldest of four children, she was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Her father, Lloyd Parry Tyler, was an industrial chemist and her mother, Phyllis Mahon Tyler, a social worker. Both her parents were Quakers who were very active with social causes in the Midwest and the South. Her family lived in a succession of Quaker communities in the South until they settled in 1948 in a Quaker commune in Celo, in the mountains of North Carolina near Burnsville.
The Celo Community settlement was founded by conscientious objectors and members of the liberal Hicksite branch of the Society of Friends, with community labor needs shared by the residents. Tyler lived there from age 7 through 11 and helped her parents and others with caring for livestock and organic farming. While she did not attend formal public school in Celo, lessons were taught in art, carpentry, and cooking in homes and in other subjects in a tiny school house. Her early informal training was supplemented by correspondence school.
Her first memory of her own creative story-telling was of crawling under the bed covers at age 3 and "telling myself stories in order to get to sleep at night." Her first book at age 7 was a collection of drawings and stories about "lucky girls...who got to go west in covered wagons." Her favorite book as a child was The Little House by Virginia Lee Burton. Tyler acknowledges that this book, which she read many times during this period of limited access to books, had a profound influence on her, showing how the years flowed by, people altered, and nothing could ever stay the same."
This early perception of changes over time is a theme that reappears in many of her novels decades later, just as The Little House itself appears in her novel Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant. Tyler also describes reading Little Women 22 times as a child. When the Tyler family left Celo after four years to move to Raleigh, NC, 11-year-old Anne had never attended public school and never used a telephone. This unorthodox upbringing enabled her to view "the normal world with a certain amount of distance and surprise."
Raleigh, North Carolina
It also meant that Tyler felt herself to be an outsider in the public schools she attended in Raleigh, a feeling that has followed her most of her life. She believes that this sense of being an outsider has contributed to her becoming a writer:
I believe that any kind of setting-apart situation will do [to become a writer]. In my case, it was emerging from the commune…and trying to fit into the outside world.
Despite her lack of public schooling prior to age 11, Anne entered school academically well ahead of most of her classmates in Raleigh. With access now to libraries, she discovered Eudora Welty, Gabriel García Márquez, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and many others. Welty remains one of her favorite writers, and she credits Welty with showing her that books could be about the everyday details of life, not just about major events.
During her years at N. B. Broughton High School in Raleigh, she was inspired and encouraged by a remarkable English teacher, Phyllis Peacock. Peacock had previously taught the writer Reynolds Price, under whom Tyler would later study at Duke University. She would also later teach the writer Armistead Maupin. Seven years after high school, Tyler would dedicate her first published novel to "Mrs. Peacock, for everything you've done."
Tyler won a full scholarship to Duke University, which her parents urged her to go accept it because they also needed money for the education of her three younger brothers. At Duke, Tyler enrolled in Reynolds Price's first creative writing class, which also included a future poet, Fred Chappell. Price was most impressed with the sixteen-year-old Tyler, describing her as "frighteningly mature for 16," "wide-eyed," and "an outsider." Years later Price would describe Tyler as "one of the best novelists alive in the world,… who was almost as good a writer at 16 as she is now."
While an undergraduate, Tyler published her short story "Laura" in the Duke literary journal Archive, for which she won the newly created Anne Flexner award for creative writing. She wrote many short stories, one of which impressed Reynolds Price so that he later stated that it was the "most finished, most accomplished short story I have ever received from an undergraduate in my thirty years of teaching." "The Saints in Caesar's Household" was published in Archive also and won her a second Anne Flexner award. This short story led to her meeting Diarmuid Russell, to whom Price had sent it with kudos. Russell, who was an agent for both Reynolds Price and for Tyler's "crowning influence" Eudora Welty, later became Tyler's agent.
Tyler majored in Russian Literature at Duke—not English—and graduated in 1961, at age 19, having been inducted into Phi Beta Kappa. With her Russian Literature background she received a fellowship to graduate school in Slavic Studies at Columbia University although she left after a year without her master's degree. She returned to Duke where she got a job in the library as a Russian bibliographer. It was there that she met Taghi Modarressi, a resident in child psychiatry in Duke Medical School and a writer himself, and they were married a year later (1963).
Early writing
While working at the Duke library—before and after marrying Modarressi—Tyler continued to write short stories, which appeared in The New Yoker, Saturday Evening Post, and Harpers. She also started work on her first novel, If Morning Ever Comes, eventually published 1964, followed by The Tin Can Tree in 1965. Years later she disowned both of these novels, as well as many of the short stories she wrote during this period, going so far as to say she "would like to burn them." She feels that most of this early work suffers from the lack of thorough character development and her failure to rework material repeatedly.
After the birth of two children (1965 and 1967), followed by a move from Montreal, Canada, to Baltimore in the U.S., Tyler had little time or energy for writing. She published nothing from 1965 to 1970. By 1970, however, she began writing again and published three more novels by 1974—A Slipping-Down Life, The Clock Winder, and Celestial Navigation. In her own opinion, her writing improved considerably during this period; with her children entering school, she was able to devote more time—and focus more intensely—than at any time since her undergraduate days.
National recognition
With Celestial Navigation, Tyler began to get wider recognition. Morgan's Passing (1980) won her the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize for Fiction and was nominated for both the American Book Awards and the National Book Critics Circle Award.
With her next novel (her ninth), Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant, Tyler truly arrived as a recognized artist in the literary world. (She considers Homesick her best work.) Her tenth novel, The Accidental Tourist, was awarded the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction in 1985. It was also made into a 1988 movie starring William Hurt and Geena Davis. The popularity of this well-received film further increased the growing public awareness of her work. Her 11th novel, Breathing Lessons, received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1989 and was Time magazine's "Book of the Year." It was adapted into a 1994 TV movie, as eventually were four other of her novels.
Since her Pulitzer Prize with Breathing Lessons, Tyler has written 9 more novels, all of favorably reviewed, many Book of the Month Club Main Selections and New York Times Bestsellers.
In Tyler's own words, the characters are the driving forces behind the stories and the starting point for her writing:
I do make a point of writing down every imaginable facet of my characters before I begin a book, trying to get to know them so I can figure out how they'll react in any situation…..My reason for writing now is to live lives other than my own, and I do that by burrowing deeper and deeper….till I reach the center of those lives.
The magic of her novels starts with her ability to create those characters in the reader's mind through the use of remarkably realistic details. The late Canadian author Carol Shields, writing about Tyler's characters, observes:
Tyler has always put her characters to work. Their often humble or eccentric occupations, carefully observed and threaded with humor, are tightly sewn to the other parts of their lives, offering them the mixed benefit of tedium and consolation, as well as a lighted stage for the unfolding of their dramatic selves. She also allows her men and women an opportunity for redemption.
Tyler has clearly spelled out the importance of her characters to her stories: "As far as I'm concerned, character is everything. I never did see why I have to throw in a plot, too."
Stylistically, Tyler's writing is difficult to categorize or label. Novelist Cathleen Schine describes how her "style without a style" manages to pull the reader into the story:
So rigorous and artful is the style without a style, so measured and delicate is each observation, so complex is the structure and so astute and open the language, that the reader can relax, feel secure in the narrative and experience the work as something real and natural.
The San Francisco Chronicle made a similar point: "One does not so much read a Tyler novel as visit it.
While Tyler herself does not like to think of her novels in terms of themes, numerous reviewers and scholars have noted the importance of family and marriage relationships to her characters and stories. Reviewing Noah's Compass, New York Times' Mitchiko Kakutani noted that
The central concern of most of this author's characters has always been their need to define themselves in terms of family—the degree to which they see themselves as creatures shaped by genetics, childhood memories and parental and spousal expectations, and the degree to which they are driven to embrace independent identities of their own.
Tyler is not without her critics. The most common criticism is that her works are "sentimental," "sweet," and "charming and cosy." Even Kakutani has also occasionally bemoaned a "cloying cuteness," noting that "her novels—with their eccentric heroes, their homespun details, their improbable, often heartwarming plots—have often flirted with cuteness." In her own defense, Tyler has said,
For one thing I think it is sort of true. I would say piss and vinegar for [Philip] Roth and for me milk and cookies. I can't deny it…. [However] there's more edge under some of my soft language than people realize.
Also, because almost all of Tyler's work covers the same territory—family and marriage relationships—and are located in the same setting, she has come under criticism for being repetitive and formulaic.
Tyler's advice to beginning writers:
They should run out and buy the works of Erving Goffman, the sociologist who studied the meaning of gesture in personal interactions. I have cause to think about Erving Goffman nearly every day of my life, every time I see people do something unconscious that reveals more than they'll ever know about their interiors. Aren't human beings intriguing? I could go on writing about them forever."
Author bio adapted from Wikipedia. Retrieved 2/10/2015.)
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LitLovers © 2020


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If this holds true, I too hope it's just stupid gold or silver figures, and not things that actually appear in the films.
A guy on my local collecting forum posted a quote from another website, which had some rumored info about this Bounty Hunt...Apparently the hunt will be involved with the new VOTC figs. While the figs themselves will be shipped everywhere (like regular cases), certain figs will have some special type of Proof of Purchase on it. This is the Bounty Hunt. get enough of the special POPs and you can mail them in for a George Lucas in Stormtrooper Disguise figure.If this is what the Bounty Hunt is, I'll breathe a sigh of relief. Of course, this is still a rumor.
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Luzon Island, Philippines
This small triplefin is resting on some coral polyps. Shown in the retracted position with the tentacles hidden, the coral polyps are only about 3/8 inch across. The positioning of its eyes allow it to see all around, helping it avoid predators. The transparency of its body helps it blend against the reef-- its fins and much of its body are barely visible.
Jeffrey N. Jeffords (photographer; copyright holder; identification)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides!
Help us improve the site by taking our survey.
To cite this page: Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2020. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed at https://animaldiversity.org.
Disclaimer: The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control.
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services.
The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support.


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Banks helping people buy foreclosed properties in King Drive neighborhood
North Shore Bank is working with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago to provide help to people who buy tax-foreclosed properties in the King Drive neighborhood and around the city.
The $266,000 be provided will help homeowners remodel the rundown homes, making them livable again and in turn, improving the neighborhoods.
"Maybe the family that moves in there is now is going to start sending kids to the neighborhood school, and they're going to patronize their local businesses. Home ownership really does have that ripple effect of a healthy neighborhood," said Tim Klont of Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago.
The Chicago bank has also given the city $14 million to create more than 600 units of affordable housing for both homeowners and renters.
There are currently 900 tax-foreclosed properties in Milwaukee.


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|Café Terrace at Night
The second paintings of Van Gogh I studied, "Café Terrace at Night" is one of my favorite. I use textured light blue art card for this studies. As usual painted by using Mungyo Artist Oil Pastel, blending with small stick of white and black Simbalion oil pastel bought back from Taiwan. Simbalion OP is rich in wax and its white and black give a very good layering on top of Mungyo OP.


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It might be just me, but there seems to be a significant amount of light fall off, which, together with what appears to be a slight under-exposure, results in very dark corners.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=111631\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
I agree. The scan also did not capture details in the shadows. This limited how much I could do in my optimized version. I corrected the deep magenta cast and opened the shadows as much as I could while compensating for the center being brighter than the edges, but I couldn't do anything about areas that are pure black. Since this was an overcast day, there shouldn't have been much contrast and thus the whole scene should have been recorded with details everywhere.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=111643\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
I added most of the vignetting in PS during processing (...) Should I remove it?With the colour cast, I left some of it in because thats how I remember the scene, is it very distracting?[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=111663\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Both are your call :-) You are the artist, you are in charge of the artistic decisions. This is why I titled my version "a possible interpretation". This is how I would do it. How you do it is for you to decide. Part of learning photography, and any artistic medium for this matter, is learning what you like in addition to learning the technique. It is a combination of art & science.In your instance, you need to learn how to expose correctly, you need to learn how to scan correctly, and you need to learn which artistic rendering you like best. The two versions you have --yours & mine-- are poles apart. I removed the color cast, the vignetting and the high contrast. You left the color cast, added vignetting and increased contrast... Which one do you like best?[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=111719\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
I found these two "interpretations" of the same image fascinating. Alain's goes for the richness of colors that one sees in his own landscapes, while Tom's goes for a more somber mood. Both good versions, but they make the same image say very different things.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=111747\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Alain, I just had a look at your site, some very inspirational work, great colours, may I ask how do you scan yours?[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=111763\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Thank you for your compliments. There is a combination of digital captures and scanned film images on my site. This being said, the scanned film ones are either scanned on an Imacon 949 or on a Tango drum scanner.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=111781\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]


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Industry insiders downplay likelihood of Apple television release in Q2 2012
DigiTimes reported on Friday that, according to industry sources, "the chance is low" that Apple will release a television next quarter. Tipsters said there were no signs indicating that supplier Sharp is prepared to ship Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide panels to Apple.
Apple was believed to have turned to Sharp for its IGZO panels after it became clear that South Korea's Samsung and LG were "unlikely to share" OLED panel production capacities with their rival. Both electronics makers reportedly regard their new OLED TV models as their "killer products" for this year.
The report went on to note that Sharp's "seems unready" to start shipping larger IGZO panels, despite the fact that its 8G production lines are capable of outputting 32-, 46- and 55-inch panels. Yield rates were listed as a major concern for the company.
The panel maker announced at the start of this month that it plans to turn its attention away from commodity LCD panels and focus heavily on ramping up IGZO production, Semicon Portal reported earlier this week.
"IGZO panels are expected suitable for smartphones and tablets, but there is much wider demand of IGZO applications is emerging. We are now proposing IGZO panels for notebook PC displays and PC monitor display and have got good reactions. We count on IGZO as new business," company president Mikio Katayama said.
Katayama was recently asked about Apple's plans for a high-definition television, but he declined to comment.
Though Sharp's LCD TV business was profitable during the first half of its fiscal year, which ran from April to September, a sudden shift in demand last fall resulted in a rapid decline. Katayama said the Japanese LCD TV market on a value basis shrunk to 20 percent of its year-ago size during the third quarter.
If earlier reports are to be believed, Apple's third-generation iPad may be the first of its products to sport Sharp's IGZO panels. Multiple sources (1, 2) have suggested that the technology will end up in the next iPad, though one report out of Korea claimed last month that Sharp had failed in its initial supply and would not provide displays for the rumored tablet, which is expected to arrive in March.
Apple has also reportedly invested in Sharp's manufacturing facilities as part of their partnership. Sources for The Wall Street Journal indicated last November that the iPad maker had contributed an unspecified amount toward Sharp's Kameyama No. 2 plant in Japan. Earlier rumors had suggested that Apple would pay a "large portion" of the $1.2 billion set aside for a new factory.
DigiTimes' most-recent report would appear to contradict claims made by Jefferies analyst Peter Misek last November. At the time, Misek said production of an Apple television would begin at a Sharp facility this month in preparation for a mid-2012 launch.
Piper Jaffray analyst Gene Munster said earlier this week that Asian supplier checks had revealed Apple has prototype televisions "in the works." Sources also indicated that Apple had contacted a "major TV component supplier" about its plans.


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This posting is a reprise of an idea I put out in 2000. We were beginning to see the rise of "exchanges", Component models, interface based programming and other aids to distributed systems. I had 2 major interests at the time. One was in "edge" computing, the other in facades across business models.
I wrote a thought piece about auto insurance and a direct link between insurance and the vehicle. I was reminded of that piece by a TV commercial that I saw today. In the commercial, the car knew which insurance company was covering it, and if it didn't like the company, then it would find reasons not to go. In one case it ejected the keys from the ignition, in another it refused to unlock its doors and in the third case, the tires deflated.
The piece I wrote years ago also had knowledge between the car and the insurer, but had some more active features. For example, if we could envisage a car with multiple settings (the boring, around town go to work setting or the "boy racer" weekend setting, or others), then we could imagine having variable rate insurance - essentially the insurance premium is selected based on the car mode that is selected. If you never engage the "boy racer" mode, you never get charged that premium. So essentially we are looking at dynamic premium pricing based on a number of conditions all known about from the edge.
Lots of implications here. We could have a different key for each family member - or a key/thumbprint combo. If the thumbprint isn't a licensed (i.e. known to the insurance company) person, then the car doesn't start. So you could lock out unauthorized (friends of your children) drivers. What about speeding? The car knows that you have been speeding :-(. A car rental company (Acme) in Connecticut attempted to fine a renter for excessive speed. This was struck down in February 2002 by the Department of Consumer Protection. However, it may well be possible for insurance companies to use this kind of monitoring to assess premiums and to assist with accident "fault finding."
Lots of issues of course, but the key is to be thinking in these kinds of terms - where real time (or nearly real time information) can be used to guide decision making - especially pricing.
Business Process Management: Easier said than done
10 years ago


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I gave a presentation today on LinkedIn for the Social Media Club, Salt Lake City. It basically covered some best practices and tips on setting up your profile, building & maintaining your connections, and using the other features of the platform. I am a HUGE LinkedIn fan – if you are not using it much you really should take a deeper look. Here is the presentation on SlideShare. I have to warn you.. it's a doozy (54 Slides!):
If you can't view the presentation, here it is over on SlideShare: Using LinkedIn to Build Your Online Resume, Reputation & Connections.
What about you? Do you have any tips for LinkedIn? How do you get the most out of it?
**Quick Update – This presentation was featured on the Slideshare.net Homepage! So that's nice..


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Did your PS Vita get recently banned? This might be the root cause (and how to fix)
Recently, several people have been complaining about getting their PS Vita banned by Sony, allegedly after using a hacked 3.60 PS Vita (running HENkaku) to access some of Sony's services, including the PSN. Unsurprisingly, such reports started showing up after Team Molecule released an update that restored PSN access to hacked PS Vitas.
To my knowledge, there hasn't been any verifiable report of account or hardware ban from the PSN for people using HENkaku. However, there has been quite a few people confirming their IP had been banned.
PS Vita IB Banned, workaround and fix
Which type of ban you are subject to is fairly easy to verify: if you cannot login from your home, but the same account and console can login from a different network (e.g. a friend's), then the problem is with your IP, not your account. If, however, you can't login with that account, from any network, then it might be your account, or your console, that got banned (you can further verify by trying the same account on a friend's console to differentiate between a console ban and an account ban, although I'd advise against risking a friend's console for that kind of test… you don't want Sony to affiliate your friend's console with your banned account).
Despite what some people claim, IP bans from Sony are a real thing, but are generally temporary (1 day or 2). Unlike console or account bans which are probably extremely targeted and proactive, it is likely that IP bans are just a regular protection on Sony's servers to reduce risks of DoS. In other words, it doesn't directly matter if your console is hacked or not: if you hammer Sony's servers for one reason or another, there's a risk they will temporarily ban your IP. It is, in general, not a big deal, and the easiest way to solve the issue is to either reboot your router (which for many of you will give you a new IP address), or wait a couple days before accessing Sony's systems again. Alternatively, you can try to use a VPN.
Clean up you PS Vita to avoid future Bans
The real problem, of course, is to stop this from happening again. To do that, you'll have to identify what behavior on your end is causing your home network to access Sony's servers too often. User nota16er on Reddit came up with a potential culprit: the Vita app Near. According to nota16er, the Near application pings Sony's servers up to 16 times per second, making it very likely that the servers will block your IP after a while.
Nota16er further explains:
You can easily turn these off by opening Near, clicking the settings icon in the bottom left, going to "Sharing Settings" and disabling Near's automatic location updates., as well as going into "Location Data" and disabling "Obtain location automatically at regular intervals". You might also want to limit the frequency you manually update your location as well if you do use this program. Because, like I learned in my experiments, every time you update your location it contacts Sony's servers way more than it should. I've no idea exactly why it does this, but I'm fairly certain it has to do with not having the most recent firmware.
I think he nails it in the last sentence: it's likely that not running the latest firmware (while pretending to) causes some sort of glitch in the interaction between Near and Sony's servers, which could trigger an infinite loop of pings to the servers.
Near might not be the only app on a hacked PS Vita that's behaving strangely and could cause a ban. Nota16er also suggested the following, which makes sense:
you can check your auto-start settings under System and disable all that's listed there. There's a Near option listed there as well as something. You can also check PlayStation Network, under settings, and disable anything under Automatic Update Settings.
If you've been the target of some IP ban from Sony's systems, we'd love your feedback on this.
Source: Reddit


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Charcot's contribution to the study of Tourette's syndrome
A contribuição de Charcot para o estudo da síndrome de Tourette
Hélio A.G. TeiveI; Hsin Fen ChienII; Renato Puppi MunhozI; Egberto Reis BarbosaII
IMovement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba PR, Brazil
IIMovement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
We review the history of Tourette syndrome, emphasizing the contribution of Jean-Martin Charcot.
Key words: Tourette syndrome, Gilles de la Tourette, Jean-Martin Charcot, tics, coprolalia.
Revisamos a história da síndrome de Tourette, com ênfase a contribuição de Jean-Martin Charcot.
Palavras-chave: Síndrome de Tourette, Gilles de la Tourette, Jean-Martin Charcot, tiques, coprolalia.
]]> Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple motor tics associated with the presence of one or more phonic tics, with waxing and waning course and severity1,2. The estimated prevalence of the disease ranges from 1 to 10 per 1000 children and adolescents, being associated with various comorbidities such as attention deficit and obsessive-compulsive disorders1,2. These comorbidities have been reported in various series of Brazilian patients in the literature3-5. It is believed nowadays that TS has significant genetic determinant, and several candidate genes have been described. In addition, countless neuroimaging, neurophysiological and even neuropathological studies have characterized abnormalities of the corticostriatal-thalamocortical circuit, including recent evidences of dopaminergic neurochemical abnormalities of the prefrontal region1.
To the 19th century French neurologist Gilles de la Tourette (1857-1904), one of the disciples of professor Jean-Martin Charcot (regarded as the father of French neurology and one of the world's pioneers of neurology), it is attributed to have made a major contribution for the understanding of TS by characterizing the disease and distinguishing it from other neurological disorders6-9.
We analyze some historical aspects of TS, particularly Charcot's contribution to the definition of this syndrome.
The first report of patients with TS is speculated to have been presented to the public in the book "Malleus maleficarum", or "Witch's hammer", by Jakob Sprenger and Heinrich Kraemer, published in 1489. The book includes a description of a priest who had motor and vocal tics, which at that time was believed to be related to possession by the devil, witchcraft and exorcism, as well as with the inquisition10.
Other important contributions to the description of TS include that by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867), a famous 19th century French physician. In 1861 Trousseau published a description of several cases of patients with motor and vocal tics in his book on clinical medicine10.
In 1825, the head clinician at the traditional "L'Institution Royale des sourds-muets", Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard (1775-1838), published in Paris an article entitled "Mémorie sur quelques fonctions involontaires des appareils de la locomotion, de la préhension et de la voix"11. In this article Itard describes some cases (a total of 10, 7 of which were men), including that of a 26-year-old female patient known as Madame de Dampierre, who was in fact a member of the Parisian aristocracy11. Madame de Dampierre suffered from a disorder that was characterized by involuntary movements associated with sudden vocalizations and obscenities; the condition, rarely described at the time, was later defined as coprolalia. These episodes of coprolalia were obviously in stark contrast to the lady's background, intellect, and refined manners11.
Seventy years after Itard exhaustive description of the case of Madame de Dampierre, it fell to Gilles de la Tourette the task to characterize this condition in which he included the case of this French aristocrat to illustrate what would later come to be known as TS.
Gilles de la Tourette was at that time 28 years old and staff neurologist in professor Jean-Martin Charcot's service at the "Hôpital de la Salpêtrière" (derived from the saltpeter, the principal ingredient of gunpowder) in Paris. This hospital was previously the Louis XIII's gunpowder arsenal on the Left Bank of Seine and was built in the 16th century. In 1656, it was used as asylum and in 1680, with the construction of new buildings, it became the largest asylum in Europe. In the 18th century, it was transformed into a hospital with a an officially appointed staff11-13.]]> The literature is in fact contradictory regarding the issue of whether the lady in question, who was subsequently awarded the title of Marquise of Dampierre, was also examined by Charcot. However, the scientific evidence suggests that in his lectures Charcot referred to having met this lady in social events and witnessed the symptoms of coprolalia but not in fact having examined her10-12. In his famous "Leçons du mardi a la Salpêtrière", Charcot also mentioned having met the Marquise of Dampierre in public and hearing her using the expression "Sacré nom de Dieu", and there are references of other obscenities uttered involuntarily by the marquise, of which the most common were "merde" and "foutu cochon" (which translates literally as filthy pig but the truer colloquial meaning is "fucking pig")10-12.
Gilles de la Tourette, whose complete name was George Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette (Fig 1), was born on October 30th, 1857, in the small town of Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers, in the district of Chattellerault near the city of Loudun, France, and died on May 22nd, 1904, in Lausanne, Switzerland9-12,14.
From a family of doctors, Gilles de la Tourette graduated from medical school in Poitiers in western France in 1881, and then moved to Paris to continue his medical training9,12,14. In the course of his career, three professors had particularly influence on him, namely: Théophraste Renaudot, a doctor in the town of Loudun; Paul Camille Hyppolyte Brouardel, professor of forensic medicine in Paris; and last, but most importantly, Professor Jean-Martin Charcot9,12. Gilles de la Tourette started his activities as a clinician at the Salpêtrière hospital in 1884 under the supervision of Charcot. He was later promoted to the post of Charcot's registrar and finally to head of clinic7,9,12,14.
Gilles de la Tourette's tremendous scientific interest and dynamic, restless, talkative behavior was the target of criticism by his colleagues, who accused him of lacking discipline and being impulsive, inattentive, and even hypomanic9,12,14. One of his most hostile critics was Léon Daudet, a personal friend of Charcot, who defined Gilles de la Tourette as "ugly like a Papuan idol with bundles of hair stuck on it. He was neither good nor bad, neither studious nor lazy, neither intelligent nor foolish, and he vacillated with his confused and malicious mind between a multitude of faults without lingering. He had a husky and worn-out voice, abrupt gestures, and a strange gait. He passed for an eccentric starting an interesting subject but leaving it for another, disconcerting his masters by his queer ways which got worse and became less amusing..."9 Gilles de la Tourette, however, described himself as "ugly as a louse, but intelligent"9.]]> Gilles de la Tourette's academic career will always be remembered for his publications in the area of movement disorders and hysteria, as well as forensic medicine and hypnotism9,12,14. However, his two most important works were the articles entitled "Jumping, latah, myriachit" published in 1884, and "Étude sur une affection nerveuse caractérisée par de l'incoordination motrice, acompagnée d'écholalie et de coprolalie (jumping, latah, myriachit)" published in 1885. The last is considered the watershed in the description of TS6,9,12,14.
However, after Charcot's death in 1893 and of his own son from meningitis in the same year, Gilles de la Tourette's scientific career became very irregular, with a variety of often unfinished projects, ranging from neurology to theater. During this period he published only one article of interest, in 1899, entitled "La maladie des tics convulsifs"9,12,14.
There are quotations testifying to his precarious mental state during this disturbed period of his life, particularly by the writer Alphonse Daudet7,9,12. During an exam for medical students, Gilles de la Tourette asked one of them which disease started with bleeding in the left nostril. After hearing the student's answer - typhoid fever - Gilles de la Tourette remained silent for about 5 minutes and then said, "Typhoid fever, you are wrong!" On another occasion Gilles de la Tourette asked another student, "Who are the three greatest doctors of the 19th century?" The student replied, "Laennec, Duchenne de Boulogne and Charcot". Gilles de la Tourette then replied, "No, you are wrong! They were my grandfather, my father and me!"9,12.
Gilles de la Tourette's health worsened steadily, and in 1902 he was forced to resign his clinical practice. He was admitted to a psychiatric hospital with the diagnosis of neurosyphilis and died in 1904 with advanced dementia7,9,12,14.
In 1884 Charcot gave a new assignment to Gilles de la Tourette, namely, to reclassify all movement disorders, or, to "sort out the chaos of the choreas"7,9,12,14. In the same year Gilles de la Tourette published his first important article on three strange movement disorders, in which he discussed the cases known as "Jumping Frenchmen of Maine", Latah (described in Malaysia" and Myriachit (first described in Russia)7,9,12,14. These diseases, which are now classified as startle diseases, were considered at the time to be variants of chorea (as opposed to what was called true chorea, or Sydenham's chorea) and to have an hysterical etiology. Gilles de la Tourette described the three diseases and related them to the case of a boy who was examined at the Salpêtrière hospital by Charcot and who may have been the first case of the disease Gilles de la Tourette ever studied9,12,13.
In 1885 Gilles de la Tourette published his masterpiece, which he entitled "Étude sur une affection nerveuse caractérisée par de l'incoordination motrice, acompagnée d'écholalie et de coprolalie" with the subtitle "Jumping, Latah, Myriachit". This work characterized in great detail nine cases of patients with tics (although this term was not used by Gilles de la Tourette), of which the first one to be described was the Marquise of Dampierre, and the second a case previously described by Trousseau9,10,12-14.
In this report, which made him famous, Gilles de la Tourette gives a masterly description of the clinical characteristics of the syndrome that bears his name - involuntary movements (motor tics) and uncontrollable sounds (vocal tics) associated with echolalia, coprolalia and echokinesis (echopraxia)9,12-14. According to Gilles de la Tourette's definition, the disease began in infancy, had a waxing and waning course, and was inherited9,12-14.
After this article was published, Charcot named the disease "Gilles de la Tourette syndrome" in recognition of Gilles de la Tourette's work6,7,9,10,12-14.]]> However, another disciple of Charcot, Georges Guinon, who was also on close terms with him, as well as having carried out studies in this field and having extensive clinical experience with patients with tics, published two studies that directly conflicted with the ideas in Gilles de la Tourette's publication10,12-14. Although there was the possibility of conflict between the egos of Charcot's two favorite disciples, Guinon's ideas were extremely valuable as he raised important questions that had been overlooked by Gilles de la Tourette in his classic article7,10,12-14. The first problem was the definition of lack of motor coordination in the very title of the article, as for Guinon it was not a question of lack of motor coordination but rather one of systematic involuntary movements, which were never uncoordinated. Other questions raised by Guinon related to the progression of the disease throughout the individual's life (despite fluctuations in the symptoms, Gilles de la Tourette was of the opinion that the disease was progressive and lifelong), as he had described cases in which there had been a permanent improvement. In addition, Guinon raised the possibility of other symptoms being present, such as the so-called "idées fixes", which are now considered to fall under the category of obsessive-compulsive disorders. Lastly, Guinon suggested that the name of the syndrome be changed from Gilles de la Tourette syndrome to the term previously advocated by Charcot - "Convulsive tics" or "Illness of convulsive tics". Nevertheless, Guinon also suggested that the disease was associated with hysteria, a hypothesis not shared by Charcot7,9,12,14.
Professor Jean-Martin Charcot, the brilliant French neurologist considered the father of modern neurology and the first professor of diseases of the nervous system, is regarded as one of the most important researchers in the field of clinical neurology in the 19th century (Fig 2)7,8,15-17.
Charcot was born in Paris in November 29th, 1825, to a carriage builder of limited means. His father told him and his three brothers that the one with the best grades would pursue a learned profession. Jean-Martin earned the prize and chose the path of medicine18.
By the age of 23 he was qualified for a hospital internship and became intern at the Salpêtrière hospital in Paris. In 1853, he became the Chef de Clinique soon after defending his original doctoral thesis on the differentiation of gout from chronic rheumatism. In 1856, he was appointed "physician to the hospitals of Paris", and four years later he was promoted, becoming Professeur Agrégé18.]]> The turning point of Charcot's medical career came when he was appointed to the Salpêtrière as physician in 1862. At that time the patient population was about 5,000, of whom nearly 3,000 suffered from neurologic disease. Together with his colleague Alfred Vulpian they recorded meticulous description of their patients, classifying their neurological disorders and cataloging them into distinct types18.
Charcot's extensive contributions to neurology are exceedingly well-known, particularly those related to multiple sclerosis (or sclerosis in plaques according to Charcot's original definition), lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (or Charcot's disease), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (or hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, according to the current definition), motor ataxia, Parkinson's disease, and Tourette syndrome, among other diseases7,8,15-17.
Concerning to TS, Charcot's contribution can be broken down into a number of different elements. Firstly, it should be remembered that he often assigned tasks to his residents and assistants and that he suggested to Gilles de la Tourette for carrying out a study to establish a nosological classification of several neurological diseases, particularly movement disorders, such as tics and choreas7-10,12,14.
It should be emphasized that after giving his masterly classes on Tuesdays and Fridays, he would give all the material that he had prepared to his assistants, whose task was to publish them. This helps us understand why an article about a case of convulsive tic associated with coprolalia and echolalia that had previously been presented by Charcot was published by Melloti in an Italian journal6,7,9.
Compulsive tic syndrome, in its classic definition by Charcot, was subsequently renamed Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, or TS (as it is better known today), by Professor Charcot himself7,9,12,14.
In his traditional "Leçons du mardi à la Salpêtrière" in 1887 and 1888, Charcot described nine general neurology cases, which were translated and published in 1987 by Goetz6. Among the various cases described by Charcot, one stands out, namely, that of a 12- to 13-year-old child suffering from a disease defined as convulsive tics associated with coprolalia, which was subsequently renamed as Gilles de la Tourette syndrome6,7,9,10,12-14.
Charcot also defined tics clearly, separating them from choreas (which he divided into true choreas, such as Sydenham's chorea, and the others, most of which were considered to be of an hysterical nature)6,7,9,12.
Charcot characterized TS as being associated with the presence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (which he defined as "des idées fixes") and gave the example of a patient whom he had examined: "not being able to open the door without first turning the door knob three or four times, or saying out loud...one, two, three, four...".6,7,9,12.
Another characteristic of TS defined by Charcot was the presence of imitative behavior in patients (called echokinesis and today referred to as echopraxia) as well as echolalia, and coprolalia. With regard to coprolalia, Charcot defined this as being "a compulsion to pronounce the word used by Cambronne in Victor Hugo's account about the battle of Waterloo"6. Cambronne was an official of the Napoleonic army who could not help saying "merde" when facing the enemy. Since then it has become common practice to refer to this vulgar word as Cambronne's word, which subsequently became an example of the utterances associated with coprolalia6,7,10,11.
Charcot also suggested that TS had a hereditary determinant and defined the course of the disease as one of waxing and waning symptoms. He also differentiated the disease from other diseases known as Jumping, Latah and Myriachit, which had been incorrectly classified by Gilles de la Tourette as clinically identical to TS6,7,9,10,12.]]> In conclusion, we may say that TS is one of the countless neurological diseases in which nosological definition Charcot's genius contributed significantly.
1. Singer HS. Tourette's syndrome: from behaviour to biology. Lancet Neurol 2005;4:149-159. [ Links ]
2. Robertson MM. Tourette syndrome, associated conditions and the complexities of treatment. Brain 2000;123:425-462. [ Links ]
3. Cardoso F, Veado CCM, Oliveira JT. A Brazilian cohort of patients with Tourette's syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;60:209-212. [ Links ]
4. Teive HA,Germiniani FM, Della Coletta MV, Werneck LC. Tics and Tourette syndrome: clinical evaluation of 44 cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2001;59:725-728. [ Links ]
5. Chien HF, Barbosa ER, Miguel EC. Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette: estudo clínico de 58 casos. Arq Neuropsquiatr 2001;59:729-732. [ Links ]
6. Goetz CG. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a child with convulsive tic and coprolalia. December 13, 1887. In Goetz CG (ed). Charcot: the clinician: the tuesday lessons. New York: Raven Press, 1987:56-70. [ Links ]
7. Goetz CG, Bonduelle M, Gelfand T. Charcot: constructing neurology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. [ Links ]
8. Guillain G. J-M Charcot, 1825-1893. His life - his work. New York: Paul B. Hoeber Inc, 1959. [ Links ]
9. Lajonchere C, Nortz M, Finger S. Gilles de la Tourette and the discovery of Tourette syndrome. Arch Neurol 1996;53:567-574. [ Links ]
10. Finger S. Some movement disorders. In Finger S (ed). Origins of neuroscience: the history of explorations into brain function. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994:220-239. [ Links ]
11. Kushner HI. Medical fictions: the case of the cursing arquise and the (re)construction of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Bull Hist Med 1995;69:224-254. [ Links ]
12. Lees AJ. Georges Gilles de la Tourette: the man and his times. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1986;142:808-816. [ Links ]
13. Shapiro AK, Shapiro E. Tourette syndrome: history and present status. In Friedhof AJ, Chase T (eds). Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. New York: Raven Press, 1982:17-23. [ Links ]
14. Kramer H, Daniels C. Pioneers of movement disorders: Georges Gilles de la Tourette. J Neural Transm 2004;111:691-701. [ Links ]
15. Sigerson G. Lectures on the diseases of the nervous system by J-M Charcot. New York: Hafner Publishing Company, 1962. [ Links ]
16. Teive HAG, Almeida SM, Arruda WO, Sá DS, Werneck LC. Charcot and Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2001;59:295-299. [ Links ]
17. Teive HAG, Munhoz RP, Barbosa ER. Little-known scientific contributions of J-M Charcot. Clinics 2007;62:211-214. [ Links ]
18. Jay V. The legacy of Jean-Martin Charcot. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2000;124:10-11. [ Links ]
Received 14 March 2008, received in final form 5 September 2008. Accepted 22 September 2008.
Dr. Hélio A.G. Teive - Rua General Carneiro 1103/102 - 80060-150 Curitiba PR - Brasil. E-mail: email@example.com]]>


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Quick Read: Bart Scott disses heckling Jets fans
BY GLENN ERBY, Feedcrossing.com syndication
Jets fans are like most fans in NFL stadiums around the league.
They are passionate about their team, and use the excuse of being passionate whenever they cross the line. The Jets players were serenaded with boo's and other profane language as they walked to the locker room at the half of their humiliating loss to the Patriots.
Jets boisterous linebacker Bart Scott has a message for those same fans via the New York Daily News, and it's not very kind.
"At the end of the day, if you made it to be able to put an NFL uniform on, then you are one of the best athletes in the world," Scott told the Daily News. "The person yelling at you probably was picked last in dodgeball all through high school. So do you care about the opinion of them? No."
Scott's comments were in response to a Deadspin video that showed those same loyal Jets fans letting their team have it in a not so nice way. Scott continued on to describe what it's like dealing with Jets fans.
"That's what we always get. We get stuff like that all the time," he said. "Trust me, that's not out of the ordinary. You get that behind our bench while we are playing. Trust me, there's been worse stuff said behind there."
Be sure to check out other great articles at BlackSportsOnline.


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Sandy Hook Elementary principal Dawn Hochsprung died in the attack after reportedly running toward the gunfire to protect her students. TODAY's Erica Hill reports, and Savannah Guthrie talks with two men who knew her.
As witnesses recount the horrific crime at Sandy Hook Elementary, one constant is emerging: Even more children would have been killed had it not been for the actions of teachers, a custodian and even the students themselves.
"A lot of children are alive today because of actions the teachers took," School Superintendent Janet Robinson told NBC's TODAY show on Saturday, a day after a gunman killed 20 children and six adults at the K-4th grade school in Newtown, Conn.
Principal Dawn Hochsprung and school psychologist Mary Sherlach, both among those killed, were said to have run toward the gunfire as it broke out, with Hochsprung lunging at the gunman, according to town officials.
Hochsprung was coming out of a meeting when she confronted the shooter, Board of Education chairwoman Debbie Liedlien said Saturday.
Jeff Capeci, chairman of Newtown's Legislative Council, said Hochsprung's actions were nothing short of heroic. "From what we know, it's hard to classify her as anything else," he added.
Mary Ann Jacob, a school library aide, told reporters Saturday that she was with 18 fourth-graders when she heard "popping sounds" and realized shots had been fired.
"I shouted 'Lockdown!' and I ran across the hall and told the other class," Jacob said.
She then discovered that her classroom door would not lock. After blocking the door from the inside with a filing cabinet, Jacob and the rest of the library staff guided the children in a group-crawl to a closet in the back.
"The kids cozied up, and we waited," Jacob said, adding that the children were told it was a drill. "We settled them down with paper and crayons."
"When the police finally came, we were afraid to open the door," she said of the hour-long ordeal. The staff only did when police slipped a badge under the door.
Robert MacPherson / AFP - Getty Images
Sandy Hook Elementary School library clerk Mary Ann Jacob speaks to the press in Newtown, Conn., on Saturday.
Music teacher Maryrose Kristopik also took her students to a classroom closet.
"We stayed quiet, we held hands, we hugged," Kristopik told the New York Daily News. "I tried to talk to them calmly."
First-grade teacher Vicki Leigh Soto, 27, lost her life as she "huddled with her children," her cousin Jim Wiltsie told the Wall Street Journal.
She had tried to hide them in a closet, he added, and "in doing so, she put herself between the kids and the gunman's bullets ... She was a hero for what she did."
Wiltsie did not know if her students were among the dead.
Another unidentified teacher grabbed 8-year-old Bear Nikitchyuk from a hallway and into a classroom as bullets whizzed by, NBCNewYork.com reported.
"I was going back to my classroom, then I heard something like kicking on a door, then I turned around and I saw smoke and I smelled smoke," Bear said. "Then bullets whizzed by."
A custodian warned of the gunman by running through the halls, said 4th-grade teacher Theodore Varga.
"He said, 'Guys! Get down! Hide!'" Varga said. "So he was actually a hero."
Related: Principal had 'talked about this exact type of incident'
Even some students were able to muster up courage as shots were fired around them.
One student claimed to know karate, The Associated Press reported. "It's OK. I'll lead the way out," the student said.
School Superintendent Janet Robinson talks about the heroism of teachers and says the shooter's mother was not a full-time teacher at Sandy Hook.
A parent said his 6-year-old son was in class when the gunman burst in and shot the teacher.
"That's when my son grabbed a bunch of his friends and ran out the door," Robert Licata said. "He was very brave. He waited for his friends."
The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.
Related content from NBCNews.com:
- Elementary school massacre: 28 killed, including 20 kids
- Quiet town wonders, 'How can we be protected'?
- Vigils, services honor school shooting victims
- Video: 'Our hearts are broken,' Obama says
- Gunman's mother owned weapons used in massacre
- 'Screams were coming over the intercom'
- Traumatized nation reels from 'day of sadness and grief'
- Video: School shooting reignites gun control debate
- How to talk to kids about the school shooting
- Massacre leaves America shocked and grieving ... again
- Connecticut school shooting is second worst in US history
- Authorities ID gunman who killed 27 in elementary school massacre
Follow US news from NBCNews.com on Twitter and Facebook


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Manufacturer History
Barbero has been a synonym of nougat since 1883. That was the year when the history of Torroneria di Barbero, the famous Asti nougat maker, began to unfold in Mombercelli. Today as in the past the nougat bars are made exclusively with Piedmont IGP hazelnuts selected by hand, sugar, extra-dark chocolate and selected honey. Torroneria Barbero has kept alive the historic flame of traditional artisanal practices, the original recipes and... the passion!


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The New Phenom X4 9350e & 9150e
The New Phenom X4 9350e & 9150e
It has been quite the turnaround for AMD in recent weeks. First, there was the unexpected buzz about AMD/ATI's new Radeon HD 4800 series. Reviewers and users have been unanimous in declaring these new graphics cards a return to form and competitiveness for ATI. The fact that market leader NVIDIA slashed prices of its GeForce 9800 GTX says it all about the new cards' immediate impact on the graphics scene.
Then there was the launch of AMD's new Puma platform for notebook at Computex, along with a number of design wins that inspired confidence that we could be seeing an alternative to Centrino 2 (which was delayed). Plans are also afoot for AMD to enter the ultra-portable segment with a new platform (Shrike) incorporating a 45nm chip with ATI's integrated graphics sometime next year.
It has been a hectic and generally fulfilling June for AMD but the company is poised to continue its momentum. Today, AMD announced the addition of three new processors to its Phenom family. The most powerful of the trio is a new 'Black Edition' (with unlocked multiplier), the Phenom X4 9950, which is clocked at 2.6GHz, 100MHz faster than the other Phenom 'Black Edition', the X4 9850. At a maximum TDP of 140W, the new 9950 will have a significantly higher TDP than any of AMD's existing quad-core processors which are rated at 125W. One can consider the 9950 and 9850 to belong to the same 'lineage', as both are the only Phenoms now to operate on a 2.0GHz HyperTransport Bus, with a similarly clocked memory controller.
The other two however is a different proposition entirely. While the 9950 is meant for those who value performance over other considerations, the other Phenom quad-core CPUs are a new class of energy efficient processors from AMD. With an 'e' suffix behind their model numbers to signify its difference, the first two of these new processors, the 9350e and 9150e have the lowest maximum TDP of any quad-core processor in the market now at just 65W, placing it in dual-core territory for power consumption. Even Intel's new 45nm Yorkfield quad-core processors are rated higher at 95W.
AMD expects these three new processors to be available in retail shortly after its 1st July debut and while the X4 9950 predictably becomes the most expensive Phenom processor at US$235, the new energy efficient processors are listed at US$195 for the 9350e and US$175 for the 9150e, placing it in direct competition against some of Intel's dual-core offerings and older, 65nm quad-core processors. Below is a short summary of the new Phenom X4 processors launched:-
|Processor Model / Processor Characteristics
|Clock Speed
|L2 Cache
|L3 Cache
|HyperTransport Bus (3.0)
|Memory Controller Speed
|Max TDP (W)
|Estimated Price (US$)
|Phenom X4 9950 'Black Edition'
|512KB x 4
|Phenom X4 9350e
|512KB x 4
|Phenom X4 9150e
|512KB x 4
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Sharon Johnstone
I have a Fine Art background. I completed my Fine Art degree at WSCAD (now know as University of Creative Arts) back in 1993; in which I specialised in Fine Art printmaking.
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Princess Noire: The Tumultuous Reign of Nina Simone, by Nadine Cohodas. Pantheon Books, 2010. 449 pages.
The first time I ever heard Nina Simone sing, I was in one of those pretentious "high fi" stores in Atlanta back in the early '60's where all of the clerks wore lab coats, which suggested that they were trained specialists who had access to highly arcane knowledge. They used terms like "woofers" and "tweeters" and were constantly adjusting the "decibel levels" on a row of gigantic speakers. In order to demonstrate the merits of the speakers, one of the "specialists" picked up a Nina Simone record and dropped it on the turntable, saying, "Listen to this."
The recording was "Black is the Color of My True Love's Hair," and it is still one of my favorites. Suddenly, the speakers vibrated, and Nina Simone's deep, dark contralto literally made the hair stand up on my neck. I had never heard a voice like that before, and I was fairly certain that all of the high tech equipment wasn't responsible for the aching, near-painful beauty of this woman's voice. I became an instant fan.
In all of the years that I listened to Nina Simone sing (1960-2000), I knew very little about her personal life except what I gleaned from liner notes and album covers. I knew that she had been born in Tryon, N.C., and had been proclaimed a "musical prodigy" by the time she was nine. I saw references to Carnegie Hall concerts,and I knew that she had marched with Martin Luther King. I knew that she had become a kind of deified goddess in Europe as she blazed a trail that was both inspiring and troubling due to her bizarre and unpredictable behavior on stage. There were magazine articles about her confrontations with her fans and promoters in the concert halls of London, Paris and Nassau where she frequently refused to perform because of imagined slights and repeatedly walked out of performances.
I received something of a shock when I read her autobiography several years ago (I Put a Spell on You), for it revealed the troubled life of a woman who readily acknowledged her mental instability but seemed incapable of accepting the blame for conduct that wrecked her marriages and alienated her friends, family and fans. However, Nadine Cohodas has now published a painfully detailed biography, Princess Noire: The Tumultuous Reign of Nina Simone, that finally reveals all of the bitterness, vanity, fears and guilt that haunted this gifted and tragic woman.
Nina Simone was born Eunice Waymon on Feb. 21, 1933. Eunice's mother was a minister and musician, and although the family was poor, J. D. Waymon provided for his family by operating both a barbershop and laundry. Although most of the region remained segregated for another 25 years, Tryon's artistic and cultural community proved to be exceptionally tolerant. In fact, when Eunice's musical talents became common knowledge (she was playing hymns at the age of 3), some of the town's prominent residents established the "Eunice Waymon Fund" to pay for her music lessons. In addition, a noted musician, Muriel Mazzanovich who had retired to Tryon, taught the budding prodigy, training her to be a classical concert pianist.
Nina Simone's biographer, Nadine Cohodas, provides significant evidence that the obsession to be a black classical pianist was the seed of discontent that would provide the basis for Nina's mental illness. Subjecting herself to rigorous training, Eunice attended the Allen School of Music in Asheville (1949) and was given a scholarship to the Juilliard School of Music in New York with the goal of being eventually accepted at the prestigious Curtis Institute in Philadelphia. Throughout these years of training, Eunice Waymon developed a reputation as a solitary young woman who denied herself any distraction (no boyfriends, no parties, etc.). Indeed, many felt that her determination and fervor were detrimental to her character.
When the Curtis Institute rejected Eunice's application, the blow was devastating. In later years, Nina often noted that the Institute's rejection was motivated by racism. The broken-hearted girl vowed to apply again, but in the meanwhile, she needed to make a living. Then, one of her friends recommended that she apply for a position in one of the numerous bars or nightclubs in Atlantic City where many young musicians found summer work.
It was at this point that Nina Simone was born.
When the owner of the Midtown Bar asked her for her "stage name," Eunice told him to call her Nina Simone. "I always liked the name Nina, and I saw the name Simone on a movie poster" (probably the French actress Simone Signoret).
For many years, Nina told her friends that her work as a jazz and blues pianist was temporary. However, within a few months she had developed an ardent following. Her audiences were fascinated by the unusual blend of classics like Bach and contemporary jazz. At first, Nina resisted singing, but when the club owners insisted, she began to sing in the dark, dramatic contralto that would make her famous. When she became a sensation in New York, she finally stopped her strenuous training sessions and gave up her dream of being admitted to the Curtis.
However, her nightclub performances were the beginning of Nina's conflict with her audiences. She refused to sing if there disturbances (laughter and talking) in the club, and would often stand staring resentfully at the crowd until she had total silence. "I expect and deserve respect," she often told them. Other times she was more direct. "Shut up!" she would say, pointing at the offending party.
When fame came to Nina Simone, it was both disconcerting and exhilarating. An early bad marriage left her embittered. In addition, a series of relationships with unethical recording companies — which had issued many of her records illegally — had cheated her out of millions of dollars. Her subsequent financial problems produced a growing sense of paranoia and the feeling that she was being victimized by everyone.
Although her career flourished during the next 40 years, Nina's mental illness grew steadily worse. She was finally diagnosed as schizophrenic, but due to her mounting debts and lavish lifestyle, she continued to perform in folk festivals, Carnegie Hall concerts and the performance centers of Europe and Africa. Even when she began arriving late for concerts and initiating shouting matches with irate audiences, her performance would frequently turn the tide and the same audiences that booed her tardiness and provocative speeches would end up give her standing ovations.
During the civil rights movement, Nina marched with Martin Luther King, writing and singing hundreds of protest songs. Among her best friends who rallied to her side during her tumultuous final years were the writer James Baldwin; Lorraine Hansbury, the playwright who wrote "Raisin in the Sun;" and the poet, Langston Hughes. When she died on April 20, 2003, she was living in a small seaside village in France where a group of devoted friends tended to her every need.


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Life on Dead Hydrothermal Vents
The Sentry autonomous underwater vehicle (left) meets the pilot-controlled submersible Alvin during a testing expedition off Bermuda in April 2006.
Credit: Chris German, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Scientists at USC have uncovered evidence that even when hydrothermal sea vents go dormant and their blistering warmth turns to frigid cold, life goes on.
Or rather, it is replaced.
A team led by USC microbiologist Katrina Edwards found that the microbes that thrive on hot fluid methane and sulfur spewed by active hydrothermal vents are supplanted, once the vents go cold, by microbes that feed on the solid iron and sulfur that make up the vents themselves.
These findings – based on samples collected for Edwards by US Navy deep sea submersible Alvin (famed for its exploration of the Titanic in 1986) – provide a rare example of ecological succession in microbes.
The findings were published in mBio in an article authored by Edwards, USC graduate researcher Jason Sylvan, and Brandy Toner of the University of Minnesota.
Ecological succession is the biological phenomenon whereby one form of life takes the place of another as conditions in an area change – a phenomenon well-documented in plants and animals.
For example, after a forest fire, different species of trees replace the older ones that had stood for decades.
The new study shows that life continues to thrive at hydrothermal vents, even after the vents go dormant. However, the composition of microbial communities changes to take advantage of different energy sources.
Scientists have long known that active vents provided the heat and nutrients necessary to maintain microbes. But dormant vents – lacking a flow of hot, nutrient-rich water – were thought to be devoid of life.
Hydrothermal vents are formed on the ocean floor with the motion of tectonic plates. Where the sea floor becomes thin, the hot magma below the surface creates a fissure that spews geothermally heated water – reaching temperatures of more than 400° C.
After a (geologically) brief time of actively venting into the ocean, the same sea floor spreading that brought them into being shuffles them away from the hotspot. The vents grow cold and dormant.
"Hydrothermal vents are really ephemeral in nature," said Edwards, professor of biological sciences at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences.
Microbial communities on sea floor vents have been studied since the vents themselves were first discovered in the late 1970s. Until recently, little attention had been paid to them once they stopped venting, though.
Sylvan said he would like to take samples on vents of various ages to catalogue exactly how the succession from one population of microbes to the next occurs.
Edwards, who recently returned from a two-month expedition to collect samples of microbes deep below the ocean floor, said that the next step will be to see if the ecological succession is mirrored in microbes that exist beneath the surface of the rock.
"The next thing is to go subterranean," she said.


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Welcome to the Home Page of Mr. Thompson
Please see the folders on your left, for the courses that I am currently teaching. In each folder you will find important information about each course.
If you wish to contact me, please email me at email@example.com or call 403-932-9005.
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Parents please follow the tips below to ensure your child has success in the One to One program.
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Wash the fabric in cold water (30 ° maximum) with baby shampoo or soap flake. A spoonful of white vinegar in the final rinse water fixed color, brightens and prevents felting.
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Wash Your Hands: The Right Way
When should you wash your hands?
- Before, during, and after preparing food
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- After using the toilet
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What is the right way to wash your hands?
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- Continue rubbing your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need a timer? Hum the "Happy Birthday" song from beginning to end twice.
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- Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry them.
What if I don't have soap and clean, running water?Washing hands with soap and water is the best way to reduce the number of germs on them. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers can quickly reduce the number of germs on hands in some situations, but sanitizers do not eliminate all types of germs.
Hand sanitizers are not effective when hands are visibly dirty.


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Never say Toyota doesn't understand the crowd at SEMA, bringing a Sienna minivan and Scion xB with bodies engorged several feet like rolling demonstrators for ExtenZe. How else do you put the swagger in your wagon?
The Sienna, dubbed by its online fans the "Swagger Wagon Supreme," has been tastefully stretched by 44 inches and transformed into a luxo-barge. Yes, those are 20-inch chrome wheels, under a suspension that can be lowered to 2.5 inches of ride height, with a clear plastic roof and shaved door handles. Inside, you get a HP computer, a Brazilian cherry hardwood floor and Corian countertops perfect for making kids lunches, signing time share contracts or parceling cocaine.
But the Sienna's transformation looks restrained compared to the Scion xB stretched by Cartel, which adds 48 inches to an xB's wheelbase, along with high-power stereo and 20-inch rims. To help haul around the extra mass, the xB also got a cold air intake and straight exhaust. Truly swaggering.