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Difference between revisions of "Ireland"
Revision as of 09:42, 8 January 2011
Ulster directs to here. For other places with this name, see Ulster (disambiguation)
Ireland (Irish: Éire), known popularly as the Emerald Isle, is an island in north-western Europe which has been divided politically since 1920. Most of the island is made up of Ireland (Irish: Éire) (a.k.a. Republic of Ireland (Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann)) [1]. The remainder is Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom.
The island of Ireland historically consists of 32 counties, of which six, collectively known as Northern Ireland, have remained as part of the United Kingdom since the rest of Ireland gained independence in 1922. The name "Ireland" applies to the island as a whole, but in English is also the official name of the independent state (i.e., the 26 counties which are not part of the United Kingdom), since 1937.
Celtic tribes settled on the island in the 4th century B.C. Invasions by Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when King Brian Boru defeated the Danes in 1014. Norman invasions began in the early 12th century and set in place Ireland's uneasy position within England's sphere of influence. The Act of Union of 1800 - in which Catholics, 90% of the Irish population, were excluded from Parliament - saw Ireland joining the United Kingdom. In the latter half of the 19th century and early 20th century the subject of Irish home rule was a major debate within the British parliament. After several failed attempts, a Home Rule bill finally passed through parliament in 1914 though the start of the first world war saw its indefinite postponement. A failed rebellion on Easter Monday in 1916 showed a hint of things to come with years of war to follow, beginning with the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) and continuing with the Irish Civil War (1922-1923).
Eventually a somewhat stable situation emerged with the independence of 26 of Ireland's counties known as the Irish Free State; the remaining six, located in the north of the country comprising two-thirds of the ancient province of Ulster, remained part of the United Kingdom — a status that has continued to the present day. In 1949 the Irish Free State became the Republic of Ireland and withdrew from the British Commonwealth.
Ireland's history post-partition has been marked with violence, a period known as "The Troubles" generally regarded as beginning in the late 1960s saw large scale confrontation between opposing paramilitary groups seeking to either keep Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom or bring it into the Republic of Ireland. The Troubles saw many ups and downs in intensity of fighting and on many occasions they even spread to terrorist attacks in Britain and continental Europe. Both the government of the UK and Ireland were opposed to the terrorist groups. A peace settlement known as the Good Friday Agreement was finally approved in 1998 and is currently being implemented. All signs point to this agreement being lasting.
Though a relatively poor country for much of the 20th century Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 (at the same time as the United Kingdom). Between the mid 1990s and late 2000s, Ireland saw masssive economic boom (called 'The Celtic Tiger'), becoming one of the richest countries in Europe. However the banking crisis and recession has hit Ireland hard, and there is, again, large unemployment.
For cities in Northern Ireland, see the separate article.
Other destinations
Get in
Visa Requirements
By plane
The Republic of Ireland is served by 4 international airports, Dublin (IATA: DUB), Shannon (IATA: SNN) in County Clare, Cork (IATA: ORK) and Ireland West, Knock (IATA: NOC) in County Mayo. Dublin, the 8th largest airport in Europe, is by far the largest and most connected airport, with flights to many cities in the US, Canada, the UK, continental Europe and the Middle East. Shannon, close to the city of Limerick, also has flights to the US, Canada, Middle East, the UK and Europe. Cork has flights to most UK destinations and a wide variety of European cities. It is easily accessed from any of the major European hubs, including all of the London airports. Knock Airport has daily scheduled flights to several UK cities as well as to Boston and New York in USA, as well as various chartered flights to (mostly) holiday destinations in Europe.
Smaller regional airports that operate domestic and UK services include Donegal (IATA: CFN), Galway (IATA: GWY), Kerry (IATA: KIR), Sligo (IATA: SXL) and Waterford (IATA: WAT).
The City of Derry Airport, and both Belfast airports (both the City and International) are within a relatively short distance from the North/South border, especially the former. (These three airports being located within Northern Ireland).
Ireland's two major airlines Aer Lingus [5] and Ryanair [6] are low cost carriers. This means that passengers will be charged for every extra including airport check-in (Ryanair only), checking in baggage, food onboard, etc. Ryanair also charge for the privilege of being one of the first to board the plane. Comprehensive listings of airlines flying directly into Ireland, along with destinations and timetables, can be found on the Dublin, Shannon, Cork and Knock airport websites. A regional service is also provided by Aer Arann [7] which provides domestic flights within Ireland and international flights mainly to and from the United Kingdom.
By train
The only cross-border train is the Enterprise service jointly run by Irish Rail [8] and Northern Ireland Railways [9] from Belfast Central to Dublin Connolly.
A Rail-Sail Scheme is also available, linking Stena Line [10] or Irish Ferries [11] Ferry companies with Train Companies in Great Britain and Ireland. They mainly operate from UK cities across the various Irish and British Rail Network via the Dublin-Holyhead, Rosslare-Fishguard and Rosslare-Pembroke sailing routes.
By bus
Cross border services are operated by Ulsterbus [12] and Bus Éireann [13], and various privately-owned companies servicing County Donegal.
Eurolines [14] operate services to Great Britain and beyond in conjunction with Bus Eireann and National Express (Great Britain). Bus Éireann also operates frequent services to and from Eastern Europe, in particular Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
By boat
Ireland is served by numerous services from Great Britain and France:
From Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Due to ROI's long relationship with the UK, there are no passport controls at land border crossing points. In fact, the border is rarely signposted and it is often difficult to tell when you have crossed from the Republic into the Northern Ireland and vice-versa. The most obvious signal is that the roadsigns on the Republic side are mostly bilingual, in Irish and English, and speed limits and distances are shown in kilometres. You may also notice changes in lines in the road; yellow thick lines in the south and white thin lines in Northern Ireland. When arriving at an Irish airport from Great Britain, you will be required to produce photo ID (driver's licence or passport) to prove that you are a British or Irish citizen. EU/EEA nationals do not need passports for travel between the two, but all other foreign nationals need a passport.
However, despite the lack of border controls, be keenly aware that you must possess a valid Irish visa if required by your nationality, or you risk being deported for illegal presence in Ireland.
Get around
By car
There are many car hire companies in Ireland and you can pick up in the cities or at the airports, though it may cost more to pick up at an airport. Note that most Irish car hire agencies will not accept third party collision damage insurance coverage (for example with credit card) when you rent a car.
Conventional wisdom suggests renting (hiring) a car that is an automatic transmission model. This is because many roads in Ireland are narrow, requiring the driver's full attention, so an automatic transmission allows the driver to focus on the road instead of the machine. However, selecting a manual transmission (stickshift) model will allow the driver to select a smaller vehicle which better fits the small roads and saves gas (petrol) without a noticeable loss of power. In addition, roundabouts are more common in Ireland than in many other countries. Navigating roundabouts is easier with a stickshift because you downshift for extra power to speed up coming out of the turn. It should be noted that traffic already on the roundabout has right of way over traffic entering it, in contrast to 'traffic circles' sometimes employed in the US.
It is highly recommended that you call ahead to book a taxi. The hotel, hostel, or bed and breakfast you are staying in will usually call the cab company they work closely with for your convenience. Taxis should be reasonably easy to pick up on the streets in Dublin, Belfast and Cork but may be harder to find cruising the streets in smaller cities and towns so it is often best to telephone for one. It is recommended to call the cab company in advance if possible and give them a time to be picked up, no matter if it's 4 hours in advance or 30 minutes in advance. Work with the same cab company your hotel does and let them know your final destination if there is more than one stop. You will also need to give them a contact phone number over the phone, so if calling from a pay phone, be prepared for them to deny your claim for a taxi cab. The average waiting time may be anywhere from 5 to 30 minutes depending on demand and time of day. All Taxis in Republic of Ireland operate on a National Fare basis, so the price should be relatively easy to calculate. For more information, see the Commission of Taxi Regulation website [21]. Always ensure that the taxi you use has a meter, and that it is used for the duration of your journey.
Rules of the Road/Road User Etiquette
Driving and road rules in Ireland are similar to those of the United Kingdom - e.g. drive on the left and yield to the right on roundabout. The most noticeable difference is the fact that distances are displayed in kilometres and speed limits in kilometres per hour (km/h) in the Republic of Ireland. This can be confusing to anyone travelling across the border from Northern Ireland, which, like Britain, uses miles and miles per hour. The legal blood-alcohol limit is low, so it may be best to abstain. It is perfectly legal to temporarily use the hard shoulder to allow a faster moving vehicle overtake you, but remember that this maneouver is not allowed on a motorway. Drivers often 'thank' each other by flashing their hazard lights or waving - this is purely a convention. Road signs in the Republic are nominally bilingual, with place names displayed in Irish in italic font, with the corresponding English name in capitals immediately below. In the "Gaeltacht" areas (Irish-Speaking districts in the south-west (Kerry), west (Galway, Mayo), and north-west (Donegal), as well as other smaller gaeltacht areas in Meath and Waterford), road signs are written in Irish only. In Northern Ireland road signs are in English only and all distances are given in miles. There are five types of road classification:
Speed limits are defaults for the road classification only - if a lower speed limit is signed, it must be obeyed. Urban areas generally have a 50km/h speed limit.
Ireland has a small but steadily growing motorway network which centers around Dublin. The main motorways are:
Note that most motorways in the Republic have some tolled sections. Tolls are low by French or Italian standards, and vary from €1.90 upwards, depending on which motorway you are traveling on. Tolls are displayed a few kilometers from the plaza. For the visitor, it's important to note that the only tolled road that accepts credit cards is the M4 between Kilcock and Kinnegad. All others (except the M50) are Euro cash only, so take care if you're arriving from the North via the M1. The M50 is barrier free and accepts no cash. Cameras are located on overhead gantries between J6 & J7 which read your number plate. If you have registered before online or by phone €2.50 will be taken from your credit card. If you have not registered, you must go to a Payzone branded outlet and pay the toll there. This option costs €3.
For 2010, the tolled sections and their charges (for private cars) are as follows:
There are numerous routes of high quality dual carriageway, which are very near motorway standard; Dublin-Ashbourne (Derry), Dublin-Wicklow, Sligo-Collooney (Dublin), Mullingar-Athlone, Limerick-Ennis (Galway), and Cork-Middleton (Waterford).
Until relatively recently, the road network in Ireland was very poorly maintained and road signage sparse. Things have changed markedly on the major arterial N-roads which have seen major renovation work with help from EU funding. Lesser roads, however, are still, in many parts, poorly signposted, the only indication of what route to take often being a finger-sign at the junction itself. The road surfaces can be very poor on the lesser used N-, R- & L- numbered routes.
Driving in Ireland requires etiquette, courtesy and nerves of steel. Roads are generally narrow with little to no shoulder or room for error. Sight lines can be limited or non-existent until you are partway into the road. Caution should be taken when entering onto the roadway as well as when driving along it, with the understanding that around the next turn may be another motorist partway into the road. This is especially true in rural areas. Parking along the road, farm animals, as well as large lorries or machinery may also appear around the bend and be the cause for quick thinking or braking. It is not unusual for oncoming cars to navigate to a wide spot in the road to pass each other. On the other hand, when driving slower than following cars, it is common for drivers to allow others to pass or signal if the way is clear. Calculating driving time can be slower than expectations, due to the large increase in motorists and road conditions/hazards.
Speed Limits
As mentioned above, speed limits in the Republic of Ireland (but not in Northern Ireland) are in kilometres per hour. The general maximum speed limits are as follows:
Local Councils may apply other limits in specific areas as required. Also when roads are being maintained or worked upon in some way, the limit may be temporarily changed.
Car rental companies
There is no shortage of car rental companies in Ireland with all of the major airports and cities throughout Ireland being well catered for, while the ports of Rosslare and Dún Laoghaire are served by Hertz and Dan Dooley respectively. Renting a car in Ireland is very similar to the processes elsewhere in that you need a credit card in your own name and a full driver's license for a minimum of two years without endorsement. Most car rental companies in Ireland apply a minimum age of 25 in order to rent a car, but in many cases you will need to be 28 in order to rent a full-size car. Car Rentals in Ireland come with the minmum CDW (Collision Damage Wavier) Insurance which will cover the car, but leave you with an excess deductible in the case of an accident. Additional insurance can be purchased to protect yourself against this excess when piking up the car.
Campervan hire
By plane
Aer Arann [26] operates an extensive domestic, and international air network from Dublin, Cork, Waterford, Kerry, Galway, Knock, Sligo, Donegal and Derry. Ryanair [27] also operates flights from Dublin to Cork, Kerry and Shannon, rivaling Irish Rail and bus providers. Flying can quite often be a considerably cheaper option of travelling within Ireland. Flights operate under a franchise agreement with Aer Lingus regional.
By train
See also Rail travel in Ireland
Most trains in Ireland (all operated by the state-run Irish Rail [28] also known by their Irish name, Iarnród Éireann) operate to and from Dublin. Enormous expenditure on modernising the state-owned Irish Rail system is ongoing, including the introduction of many new trains. The frequency and speed of services is being considerably increased, especially on the Dublin-Cork line. If you book on-line for Intercity travel, be aware that there may be a cheaper fare option available to you at the office in the station itself. Not all special rates, e.g., for families, are available on line.
Note that there are two main stations in Dublin - Connolly Station (for trains to Belfast, Sligo and Rosslare) and Heuston Station (for trains to Cork, Limerick, Ennis, Tralee, Kilarney, Galway, Westport, Kilkenny and Waterford.)
In the Northern Ireland , almost all services are operated by NIR [29] (Northern Ireland Railways).
In the Dublin city area the electrified DART [30] (acronym for Dublin Area Rapid transit) coastal railway travels from Malahide and the Howth peninsula in the North to Bray and Greystones in Co. Wicklow via Dún Laoghaire and Dublin city center. An interchange with main line services and the Luas Red line is available at Dublin Connolly.
By tram
Dublin has a tram system, known as Luas [31] (the Irish word for 'speed'). There are two lines. One (the red-line) operates from Dublin city centre (Connolly Station) to a large suburb south-west of the City (Tallaght) and the other (the green line) runs south-east (to Sandyford) from St Stephen's Green. Tickets must be puchased from machines before boarding the tram. Tickets are checked in the Luas at random by guards but generally ticketing works on a trust system. Thus free rides are possible, although not advisable, as the fines for fare-dodging can be quite high. The Luas tram provides a very useful link between Dublin's Connolly and Heuston railway stations.
By bus
A number of privately-owned companies also provide intercity services. These include:
By boat
By bicycle
Ireland is beautiful for biking, but have a good touring bike with solid tires as road conditions are not always excellent. Biking along the south and west coasts you can be prepared for variable terrain, lots of hills and often into the wind. There are plenty of campgrounds along the way for long distance cyclists.
The planned Eurovelo [38] cycle route in Ireland will connect Belfast to Dublin via Galway, and Dublin to Rosslare via Galway and Cork. Visit their website for updates on the status of the path.
Dublin has some marked bicycle lanes and a few non-road cycle tracks. Traffic is fairly busy, but a cyclist confident with road cycling in other countries should have no special difficulties (except maybe for getting used to riding on the left). Note that, in Ireland, left turning cars have right of way over cyclists to their left. Cyclists have no special right of way over cars, particularly when using shared use paths by the side of a road, but share and get equal priority when in the traffic lane. Helmets are not legally required, but widely available for those who wish to use them. On the 13th of September 2009, Dublin Bikes was officially opened, making 400 bikes available to the public in around 40 stations across the city centre. The bikes are free to take for the first half hour, although a payment of €150 is required in case of the bike being stolen or damaged. When finished riding simply bring the bike back to any station and get your payment back.
Overall, Ireland has a mild but changeable oceanic climate with few extremes. In Ireland you may indeed experience 'four seasons in one day', so pack accordingly and keep up-to-date with the lastest weather forecast. No matter the weather, expect it to be a topic of conversation amongst the locals.
You may notice slight differences in temperate between the north and south of the country, and more rain in the west compared with the east.
Mean daily winter temperatures vary from 4°C to 7°C, and mean daily summer temperatures vary from 14.5°C to 16°C. Temperatures will rarely exceed 25°C and will rarely fall below -5°C.
Regardless of when you visit Ireland, even in middle of the summer, you will more than likely experience rain, so if you intend being outdoors, a waterproof coat is recommended.
English is spoken everywhere but Irish (Gaeilge) is the first official language. Contrary to a common misconception, the Irish language is not simply a dialect of English. Unlike many other European languages (including English), Irish is neither a Germanic, Romance nor Slavic language. Rather, it is part of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic family of languages.
Most people have some understanding of Irish but it is used as a first language by only about 30,000 people, most of whom live in rural areas known as the Gaeltacht. About 40% (c. 1,500,000) of people in the Republic claim to understand and speak the language, although some people will exaggerate their fluency in Irish when discussing the matter with foreigners.
As the Gaeltacht are generally scenic areas it is likely that visitors will go there. Tourists will not be expected to speak Irish but it will be noticeable on road signs, etc. For instance, a law was recently passed that changes the name of Dingle, County Kerry to An Daingean, the Irish version. This should not confuse visitors, as almost all recent maps carry placenames in both languages in Gaeltacht districts.
In order to enter certain Irish Universities, it is necessary for Irish citizens to have taken Irish to Leaving Certificate (Examinations taken on leaving secondary or high school) level, and passed. Indeed it is a compulsory language at school in the Republic, although its method of teaching has come under criticism. Nevertheless, although it has come under threat, and some resent being forced to learn the language, others see use of the language as an expression of national pride.
There is some Irish language broadcasting on TV and radio. Irish is related and very similar (but not identical) to Scots Gaelic. Of the Four Provinces, only one (Leinster) does not have its own dialect in the language. The Ulster dialect has most in common with Scots Gaelic. However, some Irish people may take offense if you call Irish "Gaelic" as this is seen as being an incorrect term and refers to the entire family of languages that includes Irish, Manx, and Scots Gaelic. Referring to it simply as "Irish" is a fine alternative. It is not necessary to know any Irish in order to get around in Ireland. See also: Irish phrasebook
Tourist keen to learn a few words of the Irish language often fall for a prank where they are taught swearing in Irish but told they are learning a greeting or other similar phrase. This can cause embarrassment when this is later pointed out to them.
OPW Heritage Card - Any visitor can purchase one of these cards for admission to any of the Heritage Sites in Ireland which is funded by the Office of Public Works. This card can be used to see many historic castles throughout Ireland.
Blarney Castle- Located in County Cork , this historic castle is known for its "Blarney Stone." Tradition is that if the Blarney Stone is kissed, one will be blessed with great eloquence, better known as the "gift of the gab." One kisses the stone by laying back and being held by an employee of the castle. Photographers are there to capture the moment!
Cliffs of Moher located in County Clare - One of Ireland's Biggest and Most Visited Tourist Attraction. The Cliffs are 230 meters in height and tower over the Atlantic Ocean. There is a souvenir shop. Safety is at visitor's discretion, there are no safety barriers, because it would ruin the natural tourist attraction. The Cliffs are an absolute site to see.
Kilkenny, one of Ireland's favourite tourist spots, the Medieval Capital just 1 hour 40 minutes train out of Dublin City is a must see. Its beautiful buildings and of course imposing Norman Castle - not to mention the numerous festivals including the Arts Festival and Rhythm and Roots Festival - make Kilkenny a most desirable location.
Ireland has the euro (€) as its sole currency along with 24 other countries that use this common European money. These 24 countries are: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain (official euro members which are all European Union member states) as well as Andorra, Kosovo, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino and the Vatican which use it without having a say in eurozone affairs and without being European Union members. Together, these countries have a population of more than 330 million.
One euro is divided into 100 cents. While each official euro member (as well as Monaco, San Marino and Vatican) issues its own coins with a unique obverse, the reverse, as well as all bank notes, look the same throughout the eurozone. Every coin is legal tender in any of the eurozone countries.
Along border areas, as the UK pound sterling is currency in Northern Ireland, it is common for UK pounds to be accepted as payment, with change given in Euro. Some outlets, notably border petrol stations will give change in sterling if requested. (Fuel is now generally cheaper in the South, resulting in many Northern motorists purchasing their fuel South of the border.)
Recent diffrences in prices of goods between the Irish Euro and the British Pound have resulted in increasing numbers of Irish shoppers crossing the border to purchase goods which are a lot cheaper in Northern Ireland than in the Republic. A November 2008 article in a Northern Newpaper highlighted how up to €350 Euro can be saved by buying your Christmas shopping in Derry & Belfast in the North than in the likes of Letterkenny in Donegal.
Only a few years ago when the Celtic Tiger was still very much alive and well the economic situation was reversed.
ATMs are widely available throughout Ireland. Even in small towns it is unlikely that you will be unable to find an ATM. Many shops and pubs will have ATM machines in store, and unlike the UK, they cost the same to use as 'regular' ATMs on the street. Though in-shop ATMs are slightly more likely to run out of cash and be 'Out of Service'.
Credit Cards
Mastercard, Maestro and Visa are accepted virtually everywhere. American Express and Diners Club are now also fairly widely accepted. Discover card is very rarely accepted and it would not be wise to rely on this alone. Most ATM's allow cash withdrawals on major credit cards and internationally branded debit cards.
Food is expensive in Ireland, although quality has improved enormously in the last ten years. Most small towns will have a supermarket and many have a weekly farmers' market. The cheapest option for eating out is either fast food or pubs. Many pubs offer a carvery lunch consisting of roasted meat, vegetables and the ubiquitous potatoes, which is usually good value. Selection for vegetarians is limited outside the main cities. The small town of Kinsale near Cork has become internationally famous for its many excellent restaurants, especially fish restaurants. In the northwest of the country Donegal Town is fast becoming the seafood capital of Ireland.
Irish cuisine can charitably be described as hearty: virtually all traditional meals involve meat (especially lamb and pork), potatoes, and cabbage. Long cooking times are the norm and spices are limited to salt and pepper. Classic Irish dishes include:
Note that the first four listed dishes (and their names) vary regionally, and are not common throughout the entire country.
But the days when potatoes were the only thing on the menu are long past, and modern Irish cuisine emphasizes fresh local ingredients, simply prepared and presented (sometimes with some Mediterranean-style twists). Meat (especially lamb), seafood and dairy produce can be of a very high quality.
Try some soda bread, made with buttermilk and leavened with bicarbonate of soda rather than yeast. It is heavy, tasty and almost a meal in itself!
Only basic table manners are considered necessary when eating out, unless you're with company that has a more specific definition of what is appropriate. As a general rule, so long as you don't make a show of yourself by disturbing other diners there's little else to worry about. It's common to see other customers using their mobile phones - this sometimes attracts the odd frown or two but goes largely ignored. If you do need to take a call, keep it short and try not to raise your voice. The only other issue to be concerned about is noise - a baby crying might be forgivable if it's resolved fairly quickly, a contingent of adults laughing very loudly every couple of minutes or continuously talking out loud may attract negative attention. However, these rules are largely ignored in fast-food restaurants, pubs and some more informal restaurants.
Traditionally, tipping was never considered to be a necessity and was entirely optional. However, recently it has become common to tip up to 10% of the bill total. Some establishments will add a 10-15% service charge on top of the obligatory 13.5% Government VAT charge, especially for larger groups. If a service charge is levied, a tip would not normally be left, unless to reward exceptional service.
Alcohol is very expensive in the republic. Pints of Guinness start at €3.60 per pint, can get as high as €7.50 in Dublin, and does not become less expensive until you reach Northern Ireland. While in the North, pints of Guinness instantly become cheaper by €1.50 euro on average. Ireland is the home of some of the world's greatest whiskey, having a rich tradition going back hundreds if not thousands of years. With around fifty popular brands today these are exported around the world and symbolise everything that is pure about Ireland and where a visit to an Irish distillery is considered very worthwhile.
Another one of Ireland's most famous exports is stout, a dark, dry beer. The strong taste can be initially off-putting but perseverance is well-rewarded! The most famous variety is Guinness, brewed in Dublin and available throughout the country. Murphy's and Beamish stout are brewed in Cork and available mainly in the south of the country. Murphy's is slightly sweeter and creamier-tasting than Guinness, while Beamish has a strong, almost burnt taste. Several micro-breweries are now producing their own interesting varieties of stout, including O'Hara's in Carlow, the Porter House in Dublin and the Franciscan Well Brewery in Cork. Ales such as Smithwick's are also popular, particularly in rural areas. Bulmers Cider (known outside the Republic as 'Magners Cider') is also a popular and widely available Irish drink. It is brewed in Clonmel, Co. Tipperary.
Nearly all the pubs in Ireland are 'free houses', i.e. they can sell drink from any brewery and are not tied to one brewery (unlike the UK). You can get the same brands of drink in all pubs in Ireland across the country.
There are a small number of 'microbreweries' in Ireland, pubs which brew their own speciality drinks. They are a recent occurance and can mostly be found in Dublin.
Despite the (sometimes negative) reputation about Irish people loving their drink, most pubs in Ireland will have the same small collection of drinks.
All pubs (and nightclubs) in Ireland by law have to close by a certain time, depending on venue and the day. This varies from 11:30pm to 1:30am, to 3:30am. The owners will flash the lights (or less commonly sometimes ring a bell) to signal that it is almost 'closing time', this is 'last orders' and is your last chance to get a drink. When the pub (or club) wants to close, they will frequently turn on all the lights as a signal for people to finish up and leave.
It is important to note that it is illegal to smoke in all pubs and indeed places of work in Ireland. Many pubs and restaurants have provided 'smoking areas' outside their premises where space has allowed them to.
The other competitor for national drink of Ireland is tea. The Irish drink more tea per capita than any other people in the world. Cork, Dublin and Galway abound with slick, stylish coffee bars, but if you visit any Irish home you will probably be offered a cup of tea (usually served with milk, unless you explicitly state otherwise!). Coffee is also widely drunk in Ireland. (If you don't drink tea, you drink coffee!)
There are hotels of all standards including some very luxurious. Bed and Breakfast is widely available. These are usually very friendly, quite often family-run and good value. There are independent hostels which are marketed as Independent Holiday Hostels of Ireland [39], which are all tourist board approved. There is also an official youth hostel association - An Óige [40] (Irish for The Youth). These hostels are often in remote and beautiful places, designed mainly for the outdoors. There are official campsites although fewer than many countries (given the climate). Wild camping is tolerated, although you should seek permission if it is directly within eye shot of the landowners house. Never camp in a field in which livestock are present. There are also specialist places to stay such as lighthouses, castles and ringforts.
No stay in Ireland is complete without sampling its magnificant language, first language to thousands across the island. A few common phrases are easy to pick up and go a long way in the pubs!
Ireland has internationally-respected universities, including the venerable Trinity College Dublin (the only college of the University of Dublin). The National University of Ireland has constituent colleges in Dublin, Galway, Cork and Maynooth. Other colleges/universities include Dublin City University (DCU), University of Limerick (UL), Institues of Technology in the larger towns/cities around the country and other higher education colleges.
Literature has many great Irish authors (writing in both Irish and in English), including James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Oscar Wilde, Brendan Behan and Oliver Goldsmith. The writer of Gulliver's Travels, Dean Jonathan Swift, was from Dublin, and poets W. B. Yeats and Patrick Kavanagh also hailed from Ireland. There are many literary tourist attractions and tours in Dublin, especially.
Ireland is part of the European Union/European Economic Area, and as such any EU/EEA (excepting Bulgarian and Romanian) or Swiss national has an automatic right to take up employment in Ireland. Non EU/EEA citizens will generally require a work permit and visa. Further information can be found on Citizens Information [41], the Irish government's public services information website.
Stay safe
The police force is known as An Garda Síochána (or just "Garda"), and police officers as Garda (singular) and Gardaí (plural, pronounced Gar-dee), though informally the English term Guard(s) is usual. The term Police is rarely used, but is of course understood. Regardless of what you call them, they are courteous and approachable. Uniformed members of the Garda Síochána do not, unlike the Police force in Northern Ireland, carry firearms. Firearms are, however, carried by detectives and officers assigned to Regional Support Units and the Emergecy Response Unit (ERU), a tactical unit similar to SWAT. Police security checkings at Shannon Airport can be tough if you are a solo-traveller.
Crime is relatively low by most European standards but not very different. Late night streets in larger towns and cities can be dangerous, as anywhere. If you need Gardaí, ambulance, fire service, coast guard or mountain rescue dial 999 or 112 as the emergency number; both work from landlines and mobile phones.
Stay healthy
Since March 2004 almost all enclosed places of work, including bars, restaurants, cafés, etc., in Ireland have been designated as smoke-free. Rooms in Hotels and Bed & Breakfast establishments are not required by law to be smoke-free. Even though they are not obliged to enforce the ban, owners of these establishments are, however, free to do so if they wish. Most hotels have designated some bedrooms or floors as smoking and some as non-smoking, so you should specify at the time of booking if you have a preference either way. The smoking ban also applies to common areas within buildings. This means for example that corridors, lobby areas and reception areas of buildings such as apartment blocks and hotels are also covered under the law.
Most larger bars and cafés will have a (covered) outdoor smoking area, often with heating. If one does not exist be aware that it is illegal to consume alcohol on the street so you may have to leave your drink at the bar.
Any person found guilty of breaching the ban on smoking in the workplace may be subject to a fine of up to €3,000.
Visitors to Ireland will find the Irish one of the nicest nationalities in the world. It is not uncommon for locals to approach confused looking visitors and offer their help.
Often, in smaller towns and villages and especially on a country road, if you walk past somebody it is customary to say hello. They may also ask you "how are you?", or another similar variation. It is polite to respond to this greeting but it is not expected that you would give any detail on how you really are, if the person is a stranger - a simple hello or "how are you?" or a simple comment on the weather will suffice! In this regard, try something like "Grand day!" - if it isn't raining, of course. To which the response will generally be "It is indeed, thank God".
When driving on rural roads, particularly where a driver has to pull in to allow you to pass, it is customary to wave a thanks to the other driver, by raising your hand from the steering wheel. This is particularly prevalent in rural areas of the West of Ireland where many drivers will automatically wave at everyone who drives past them. A polite hand wave (or even with just the index finger raised from the steering wheel) is customary and will be appreciated.
When accepting gifts, a polite refusal (such as, "no really you shouldn't") is common after the first offer of the item. Usually, this is followed with an insistence that the gift or offer is accepted, at which point your answer is likely to become more recognized. However, some people can be very persuasive - this isn't meant to be over-bearing, just courteous.
One thing which some visitors may find disconcerting is the response an Irish person may give to a "thank you". Most Irish people will respond with something along the lines of "It was nothing" or "not at all". This does not mean that they didn't try hard to please, but rather it is meant to suggest "I was happy to do it for you, so it was not any great difficulty" (even though it may have been!).
The Republic of Ireland and Britain undoubtedly have notable similarities, but Irish people generally take great pride in the cultural differences that also exist between Ireland and Britain. Locals can be quite offended by tourists who do not acknowledge or show respect to these differences. Indeed, it is not uncommon for foreigners (both before and after arrival into the country) to foolishly assume that Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom (like Scotland or Wales). This incorrect assumption will generally cause great offense to locals, who take pride in the Republic of Ireland's status as a state independent of the United Kingdom.
Following from this may lead to curiosity about the differences between Northern Ireland and the Republic. Public or semi-public discussions about religious differences, political views and 20th century troubles are generally avoided by locals on both sides of the border. This is because opinions between individuals are so vastly divided and unyielding, that most Irish people (of moderate views) have grown accustomed to simply avoiding the topics in polite conversation. Most Irish are moderate in their view but it is wise to avoid any political or religious discussion unless it is mentioned to you. Tourists (who are often fascinated by the history of the division) would be advised to show respect and caution if they choose to discuss the differences of opinion that still exist on historical matters.
The Irish are renowned for their upbeat sense of humor, but their humor can sometimes be difficult to understand for more unfamiliar tourists. Joking on almost any topic will be welcomed, although even mild racism is not appreciated by the majority. Most Irish people are quite happy for friendly jibes regarding the Irish love of potatoes and drinking alcohol. However, any jokes regarding the potato famine of the 19th Century in which over a million people died, could in many instances cause a similar amount of offense as joking about the September 11, 2001 attacks would in the United States.
LGBT visitors will find the vast majority of Irish accepting of Same-Sex couples. Ireland has recently enacted civil unions and opinion polls show a large majority of Irish in favor of same sex marriage. Care should be taken outside cities and large towns. Conservative values still hold dear in rural Ireland but most rural people will follow a "if you don't annoy us we won't annoy you" attitude. Ireland has very strong anti-discrimination laws and any breach should be notified to the Equality Authority. Most cities have a strong gay scene but gay people will be welcomed in all clubs and bars. Common sense should prevail in all areas but particular care should be taken in poorer areas. Some gay visitors may find themselves the butt of mild homophobia in more working class areas. However this is normally the Irish sense of humor at its most intolerant. If one feels this is not the case then common sense should prevail and if they feel in danger the Garda should be called.
Phone numbers in this guide are given in the form that you would dial them from within Ireland. This form in general is a two- or three-digit area code (always begins with a 0), and the local number, which may be from five to seven digits long. When dialling a land line number from another land line within the same area (i.e., the same area code) the area code can be ignored, and the local number only is required.
By mobile
There are more mobile phones than people in the Republic of Ireland, and the majority of these are prepaid. Phone credit is available in very many retailers, usually in denominations from €5 to €40. Be aware, that some retailers charge a small commission on this credit, while many others don't, so it does pay to shop around the.
All mobile numbers begin with 087, 086, 085 or 083 (this code must be dialled regardless of location or operator of dialler). Mobiles are cheap by European standards to buy, and if staying for more than 2 months, it could be cheaper to buy a phone than phone cards.
A tri- or quad-band GSM phone will work, but you should check that your operator has a roaming agreement. It can be expensive to receive and make phone calls while roaming.
You can also buy a cheap prepay SIM card if you have an unlocked handset. This can be considerably cheaper as it means that you will be assigned an Irish number which you can be called at during your trip and your outgoing calls are charged at normal Irish mobile rates.
If you do not have an unlocked tri- or quad-band GSM phone then is possible to buy a mobile phone in Ireland from any of the cell phone companies. If you need a cell phone number before you travel, you can rent a phone from - Rentaphone Ireland [42].
Phones that have the 1800MHz band but not 900MHz will work but coverage is extremely poor outside urban areas.
Ireland has 4 mobile networks (prefix code in brackets.) Additional virtual networks such as Tesco mobile exit which piggy-back on the infrastructure of another network
Non-geographic numbers
Non-geographic numbers are those which are not specific to a geographical region and are technically charged at the same rate regardless of where the caller is located.
Calling Home
Pay phones are fairly widely available (but becoming less so) and most take euro coins, prepaid calling cards and major credit cards. You can also reverse charges/call collect or use your calling card by following the instructions on the display.
To dial internationally: 00 + country code + area code + local number
To dial Northern Ireland from Ireland a special code exists; drop the 028 area code from the local Northern Ireland and replace it with 048. This is then charged at the cheaper National Irish rate, instead of an international rate.
To dial an Irish number from within Ireland: Simply dial all of the digits including the area code. You can, optionally, drop the area code if you're calling from within that area, but it makes no difference to the cost or routing.
Fixed line numbers have the following area codes:
Operator service is unavailable from pay phones or mobile phones.
Emergency Service dial 999 or 112 (Pan European code that runs in parallel). This is the equivilant of 911 in the US/Canada and is free from any phone.
Directory information is provided by competing operators through the following codes (call charges vary depending on what they're offering and you'll see 118 codes advertised heavily):
These companies will usually offer call completion, but at a very high price, and all of them will send the number by SMS to your mobile if you're calling from it.


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Heart Attack 03
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Description: Heart Attack also known as Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes.
Keywords: heart attack, myocardial infarction, acute myocardial infarction, chest pain, heart, disease, multicolor, medicine powerpoint templates
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Tina Fey talks side boob, love scenes, God
On screen, Tina Fey is funny, for sure. Alluring? "That's not where my bread is buttered, thankfully," she tells Time's new issue of Style & Design.
To wit: The love scenes in new movie Admission were reined in. "I was like, First things first: can't do that, no one wants to see that, not doing that," the cover subject says. And though come-hither cleavage is fine for magazine shoots, red carpet side boob? No thanks. "Photos are a controlled environment. I would not walk around with it."
For Fey, 42, newly sprung from her 30 Rock duties, dipping back into fashion is proving a bit of a transition: The outfit she wore to the interview came from 30 Rock's closet. "I don't actually know what I like to wear in real life," she admits. "It's going to be a period of terribly awkward experimentation. Like middle school all over again. Perhaps I'm a person who wears a blouse with an ascot? Dark green nails? I think it's going to be a series of caftans."
But fans, don't fear her newfound (relative) freedom is a path to temptation. "I don't foresee a heroin-filled future," she says. But then, after a beat: "I could be wrong," she adds. "It could take a turn."
Some of her past and current castmates also play interviewer:
Amanda Seyfried: "Choose one: A trip to space or diplomatic immunity for life?"
Fey: "I'm afraid to go to space — so diplomatic immunity for life. I would park everywhere. I would have a series of cars that I just parked perpendicular in the street. And I would never wear pants."
Paul Rudd: "Is there a God?"
Fey: "There's gotta be something out there smarter than us because we're not that smart. There's gotta be something. An enormous space ape, perhaps."
Rudd: "What's your dream date?"
Fey: "In 1986 — and this never happened — it would have been going to a Squeeze concert with someone other than my brother, and then going to a diner, and then making out in the back of the car."


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The White House says cameras weren't allowed because the president was playing on a private golf course. Obama was playing with Tiger Woods, an indication of a different second term where Obama isn't as concerned about things that may reflect negatively on him. NBC's Andrea Mitchell reports.
PORT ST LUCIE, Fla. -- President Barack Obama played a round of golf with Tiger Woods on Sunday, but nobody knew about it until a lone tweet from a golf reporter went live. And now, the White House Press Corps Association has lodged a complaint against the administration, bemoaning the transparency afforded to pool reporters.
At 11 a.m. ET, Golf Digest reporter Tim Rosaforte tweeted this from his vantage point at the exclusive Floridian Yacht and Golf Club in Palm City: "The President is arriving at The Floridian range. Awaiting is Tiger Woods and club owner Jim Crane. Historic day in golf. Their first round."
White House reporters, looking to confirm Woods' presence, immediately made inquiries with the president's press team, which went unanswered for almost three hours – confirmation came at 1:46 p.m. ET.
The press corps had been anxious to confirm Woods' presence. The president playing with the world's most famous golfer -- involved in a 2009 sex scandal -- immediately became a national news story, as opposed to the commander in chief simply having some down-time with friends.
The small group of reporters assigned to cover the president's every movement, known as the "pool," also requested access to the Floridian grounds to be nearby the president, even though the press' vantage point was nowhere near the golf course. But the pool was not shuttled to the resort until 4:18 p.m. ET.
White House Press Corps Association president Ed Henry lodged an official complaint with the White House, writing in a statement, "I can say a broad cross section of our members from print, radio, online and TV have today expressed extreme frustration to me about having absolutely no access to the President of the United States this entire weekend. There is a very simple but important principle we will continue to fight for today and in the days ahead: transparency."
The White House responded with a statement from deputy press secretary Josh Earnest: "The press access granted by the White House today is entirely consistent with the press access offered for previous presidential golf outings. It's also consistent with the press access promised to the White House Press Corps prior to arrival in Florida on Friday evening."


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KIT TEAL (Solid Colorful) - Embossed Garden Handbag
This kit includes the yarn and pattern needed to execute the design. The pattern will be sent to you as an electronic download via email and the yarn shipped to your mailing address.
The beauty of knitted cable leaves has been "translated" to crochet in this Embossed Garden Handbag. The purse is worked bottom up in rounds. This pattern is rated as intermediate. The skills required to complete this project are: crocheting in the round (rnd), chain (ch), slip stitch (sl st), single crochet (sc), double crochet (dc), V-stitch (V-st: dc 1, ch 1, dc 1), front post double crochet (FPdc) and back post double crochet (BPdc)
Text and images Copyright ©2016 by Bonita Patterns & Lianka Azulay, all rights reserved. No pattern may be reproduced or distributed — mechanically, electronically, or by any other means, including photocopying, without written permission. Finished products created with this pattern may be used for commercial sale.
We Also Recommend


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Acacia Residential
If you know the details for this estate agent, please let us know.
| Our FIVE STAR rating system
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If you are this estate agent, you can login to edit your details.
This office covers the following areas
Click on a place name to find more estate agents in that area.
- Baker Street (NW1)
- Belsize Park (NW3)
- Brent Cross (NW11)
- Brondesbury (NW6)
- Brondesbury Park (NW6)
- Camden (NW3)
- Camden Town (NW1)
- Chalk Farm (NW1)
- Child's Hill (NW3)
- Colindale (NW9)
- Cricklewood (NW2)
- Dartmouth Park (NW5)
- Dollis Hill (NW2)
- Finchley Road (NW3)
- Golders Green (NW11)
- Gospel Oak (NW5)
- Hampstead (NW3)
- Harlesden (NW10)
- Hendon (NW4)
- Highwood Hill (NW7)
- Holders Hill (NW4)
- Kensal Green (NW10)
- Kensal Rise (NW6)
- Kentish Town (NW5)
- Kilburn (NW6)
- Lisson Grove (NW8)
- Mill Hill (NW7)
- Neasden (NW10)
- Park Royal (NW10)
- Primrose Hill (NW1)
- Queens Park (NW6)
- Regents Park (NW1)
- Somers Town (NW1)
- South Hampstead (NW6)
- St John's Wood (NW8)
- Swiss Cottage (NW3)
- Temple Fortune (NW11)
- The Hyde (NW9)
- West Hampstead (NW6)
- West Hendon (NW9)
- Willesden (NW10)
- Willesden Green (NW10)
Find estate agents in: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Isle of Man, Channel Islands


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DMX Curses At Judge In Miami! "I Aint Going Back To No F*cking Jail"
Local 10 reports "Rapper DMX dropped the F-bomb during an extradition hearing in a Miami-Dade County courtroom Tuesday morning after learning he would spend another month in jail. "I ain't going back to no f---ing jail," said DMX, whose real name is Earl Simmons. "Oh, well that just ingratiated you to me," said Judge Lawrence Schwartz. "I've never heard the F-word before, so it's OK." The judge then warned Simmons' lawyer that the rapper had better not curse in his courtroom again. Simmons was arrested at a Wal-Mart on 163rd Street earlier this month after failing to appear at a court hearing in Arizona. He was also arrested in June for not having a valid driver's license.". Shout out to DrewReports.com
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.


text:
By almost every measure, Los Angeles police are succeeding: Crime is down, public confidence up, and police who were once reviled in many neighborhoods get far more respect. So it's particularly strange that assaults against police officers, rather than falling along with crime, instead have shot up.
In the first half of 2010, the LAPD recorded 68 serious assaults against police; so far this year, that total is 105. That's discouraging because the number had dropped significantly in 2010, and police were hoping that was the beginning of a long-term trend. The uptick in Los Angeles comes against a national backdrop of increasing violence against police. This year opened with a spate of shootings at officers across the nation - 10 in the first week of January alone. Through July 5, 41 officers nationally had been killed by gunfire, compared with 29 through that date in 2010.
Former Police Chief William J. Bratton has seen more policing in more parts of the country than just about anyone, and he's not particularly concerned about the uptick in violence against officers. "Criminals don't like to be arrested," he told me last week. What encourages him is that LAPD officers are handling those confrontations with patience and professionalism. Back in Bratton's days as a beat officer in Boston, a suspect who resisted arrest was expected to arrive at the station at least as badly hurt as the officer. Today, Bratton says, after more than a decade of stricter accountability, the LAPD polices according to the "three Cs": constitutionally, compassionately and consistently.
Paradoxically, one factor in the recent increase may be better policing. Several years back Bratton loosened the rules for when police can respond to crime scenes with lights and sirens. "Instead of being 15 minutes late and everyone's gone, now we get there and the crime's still going on," said LAPD Capt. Phillip C. Tingirides, who runs the department's Southeast Division. That's good for public safety, but it can mean more violent confrontations.
Tingirides' division is in one of the city's most dangerous areas and home to some of its largest housing projects. It is an area where liquor and fast food are available on almost every commercial street corner, while quality supermarkets and sit-down restaurants are notably absent. It is, as Tingirides described it, a place where "having compassion is huge."
And yet, despite its demographics and difficulties and many challenges, Southeast is bucking the alarming trend in violence against police. Felony assaults against police in the division have dropped from 12 in the first half of last year to four this year.
That's worth noting, in part because Southeast is also a place where, historically, relations between police and the community have been difficult. Tingirides' colleagues, Sgt. Randy Goens and Senior Lead Officer Eric M. Young, recall an evening in 2007 when a crowd, angry at a rough arrest in the division, stormed the station and rushed the front desk. Protesters pushed their way over the desk and grabbed officers; it grew so furious that the station dropped the steel barrier that guards the front door.
There are still plenty of tense moments. Summer, for example, brings particular problems. Residents are outdoors more, they're drinking, they get cranky and combative. Police arrive to do their work, and conflict is hard to avoid. "When we're taking someone to jail, they don't always want to go along with the program," Young said.
But the Southeast officers said they can palpably feel the difference between working against a community and working with it. Goens, for instance, remembers an altercation at Imperial Courts a little over a year ago. It was a weekend night, and police arrested a suspect in view of a crowd mingling in the project grounds; the arrest was physical, and the crowd gathered menacingly around the officers until a woman who is widely regarded as a leader in the community - and whom the LAPD has taken pains to respect - arrived and was briefed on the incident. She urged the crowd to disperse. It did.
Perhaps the most vivid example of progress, however, lies in the dramatic change in the Southeast Division's relationship with Nickerson Gardens. In the 1980s, as Tingirides remembered, the LAPD would not send a two-officer car to respond to calls for help from the project; it was too afraid of ambush. Last week, a group of LAPD officers played a basketball game against a team from Nickerson Gardens at the project. Nickerson Gardens won with a shot at the buzzer.
Officers will hear about that for a few weeks. They'll be teased about a rematch, said Goens, but they'll be talking about basketball.
Those are the paybacks for a more conscientious Police Department - safety for officers, order for communities, peace.


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Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 firmware Download
This is a stock rom for Gionee Steel 2 GN5005
Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 firmware Download
Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 Firmware Information
|Rom Name
|Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 Stock Firmware Rom
|Based On
|Amigo OS
|Rom OS Version
|Android 6.0 Marshmallow
|Rom Type
|Socs version
|Software needed
|SP Flash Tool
|Stock OS Version
|zip format
|MTK Drivers
How to Flash Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 Firmware
Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 is an MT6737 phone which means you will need an SP Flash Tool to flash Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 stock
Requirements to flash Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 Firmware
- MTK Drivers.
- Vcom Drivers.
- A working detectable USB Cord.
- An SP Flash Tool Software.
- Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 firmware file.
- A Windows PC.
Note that flashing a stock rom to your phone erases everything in your phone including contents in internal storage. It is always very advisable to backup your contents to an external storage or a PC. If your phone is bricked and can't be accessed, I guess there is nothing you can do.
Follow this procedure below if you wish to continue.
Flash Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 Firmware using SP Flash tool.
- Download SP Flash Tool to your PC.
- Extract the software to your desired folder.
- Look for flash_tool and launch it.
- Minimise Sp Flash Tool window.
- Locate the downloaded Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 rom extracted folder.
- Extract the file from ZIP or Rar format.
- Open SP Flash Tool.
- Click on Scatter-loading.
- Locate the scatter file on the extracted Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 rom folder.
- Select the scatter file in the directory.
- Wait for it to load the files.
- Power OFF your Gionee Steel 2 GN5005.
- Click on Download.
- Connect your Gionee Steel 2 GN5005 while OFF to begin Flashing.
- Done.
First of all, Please, Remember to uncheck preloader option before flashing a stock firmware or stock rom on your phone.
It always bricks some phone and you don't need that.
If you don't install all the necessary drivers, you may experience issues detecting your phone with the PC.
Pass: n8tf


text:
Poll: Most back Obama gun measures
Majorities of those polled support nine different elements of President Barack Obama's plan to stop gun violence, according to a survey released Wednesday.
But that doesn't guarantee passage of the plan. While individual elements are popular, a Gallup poll conducted last week found only 53 percent wanted their representative in Congress to vote for the plan as a whole — less support than any individual element received.
The Gallup poll found majority support for universal background checks (91 percent), increased spending on mental health programs for young people (82 percent), increased training for first responders on how to respond to school attacks (79 percent), increased penalties for straw purchasers (75 percent), spending $4 billion to keep 15,000 police officers on the street (70 percent) and spending $30 million to help schools develop emergency response plans (69 percent).
Outright bans on ammunition and guns drew less backing. Two-thirds of Americans want a ban on armor-piercing bullets, while 60 percent want a reinstatement the assault weapons ban and 54 percent want a ban on ammunition clips holding more than 10 bullets. The bans on assault weapons and ammunition clips were the only two proposals that didn't draw support from a majority of Republicans, earning 49 percent and 39 percent support from the GOP, respectively. Majorities of independents and Democrats supported every part of the plan.
Gallup didn't identify any of the nine elements as part of Obama's plan, indicating the decreased support may be linked to dislike of the president rather than the specifics of his plan. Polling indicates a similarity to the Affordable Care Act. The vast majority of the health care overhaul's provisions drew support from a majority of American, but the full law remains unpopular.
Americans also want more of a focus on mental health and school safety than on gun control. Sixty-five percent want Obama and Congress to focus on the former, and only 30 percent want a focus on the latter.
The poll of 1,013 adults was conducted Jan. 19 and Jan. 20. It has a margin of error of plus or minus four percentage points.


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I just heard on the grapevine that 2005 Rally Central, Registration, and Vendors, will be located in the former UN Bldg. All Quiet Camping will be under the ramp approach to the Verrazano Narrows Bridge, Staten Island. It's a brief but challenging ride along many senic shores. The Beer Garden, an excursion to the east, will be located in a vacant homeless shelter above the tide mark on Rockaway Beach, Brooklyn, N.Y., but the trip will offer uninitiated riders an insightful tour of urban life.
Diversity of experience is the goal, right?


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Golden Circle
The Golden Circle was the brainchild of the late Robert G. Neil, lovingly known as "Bro. Bob" by most.
With Bro. Bob spearheading the plans, request for permission was made to hold a fifty-year reunion each year with the 50th anniversary class to become members of an appropriately named group. The name "Golden Circle" was selected, and the board gave formal approval. The first meeting of the Golden Circle was in August, 1980.
The Golden Circle is under the direction of The Golden Circle Strategic Planning Committee. The Golden Circle's goal is to strengthen ties to the university and bonds with the current student body; to bring honor to Lipscomb and the Lord through involvement in service learning and meaningful humanitarian projects, especially those that relate to the Great Commission and Matthew 25.


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Opioid addiction does not fit into any stereotype for drug abuse - it impacts people from all walks of life with devastating effects. Premier Care Can Help.
We offer medication assisted, comprehensive treatment for adults ages 18 and over in an outpatient program that is more intensive than traditional outpatient treatment options.
Call now: (313) 277-3293
Scroll down for directions
Self-referrals are accepted as well as medical professional, outside agency, school, hospital, emergency services department, clergy, or legal officials referrals. If you are concerned that a loved one is suffering from opioid dependency, call us for help in determining elegibility and the steps you can take to help them.
Directions - Click the RED marker to access directions from Google Maps
Call now: (313) 277-3293
25639 Ford Road
Dearborn Heights, MI 48127
The clinic is open 6-days a week.
Monday - Friday:
Contact us today to get more information and find out if you are eligible for payment assistance.
(313) 277-3293


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Do you suffer from attacks of 'I'm bored' and 'there's nothing to do!' from your children?
Keep kids busy and mentally active and educate them at the same time. Browse our range of board games for kids - the perfect solution for rainy weekends and school nights. Beats watching endless hours of mindless TV or surfing the Internet.
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Browse through our large variety of age-appropriate games. Your children will be entertained, challenged and never bored again.


text:
George Mason University
Careers in Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language/ESL Language Instructor
Every attempt has been made to verify the college data displayed here. However, some data may vary substantially from what has been displayed. Please visit the school's website for the most up to date information.


text:
Who do you think is the best? MessiMessi or
Ronaldo? To put an end to all controversies, I have a better idea. Lets have a Slapathon between Messi and
, see who surrenders first. First of all, choose you victim. Than choose your
"weapon". You will have at your disposal a table tennis paddle, a bottle of shampoo and a Golden Ball, if you know what I mean.
Smack your victim as hard as you can! You will have 6 shots to make a grown-up man cry like baby! Make your victim bleed, cry and
in the end, surrender! Use the mouse to drag the items you want to use to hit him. Higher the speed, more points to gain! Have fun
with Messi Vs. Ronaldo Slapathon!


text:
Envisioning and Leavening
with the Edgar Cayce Work
By Kevin J. Todeschi
A concept from the Edgar Cayce material that has frequently come to mind over the years states that through our activities we have the potential to "change the thought of humankind" in very positive directions. Although inspiring to consider, quite frankly the idea is challenging to comprehend. After all, how possible is it for a group—let alone an individual—to really change human thought or transform a long-held world view? Upon reflection, I have come to the conclusion that transforming human thought is made possible by personal activities that create a "leavening" influence inspiring others, or by creating a "vision" that catches the imagination of groups of people, inspiring them as well. Both of these approaches have been at the heart of Edgar Cayce's A.R.E. since its inception in 1931.
In terms of creating a vision, perhaps one of the best examples is that of Hugh Lynn Cayce who described what the work of A.R.E. might eventually entail. When writing to the 1944 A.R.E. membership Congress while he was stationed in England, Hugh Lynn spoke of various services that he could visualize being available one day to A.R.E. members: a membership magazine; a program of lectures around the country; an organized study group program; booklets on all subjects in the readings; one of the finest libraries in the world; books which expanded upon the biography, There Is a River; adequate space near the readings for students, conferees, and visitors; a complete indexing system for the readings; and more. It was an amazing vision of things to come, especially considering that in 1935, the A.R.E. had only 244 members and a mailing list of approximately 3,000. Even by 1955, membership had still not reached 1,000.
Today, the Edgar Cayce work has tens of thousands of members and programs and activities throughout the country. The Cayce readings have been thoroughly indexed and are available online as well as on a DVD-Rom in thousands of homes around the world. The A.R.E. Library now houses more than 60,000 volumes. There are hundreds of publications about Cayce's life and work. The A.R.E. is connected to regional and volunteer offices throughout the country, plus there are Edgar Cayce Centers in 35 countries and activities in more than 70 countries. Each day, more individuals around the world access insights from Cayce's work via the Internet than came to Edgar Cayce for readings in his entire lifetime! All this is evidence that Hugh Lynn's vision has been realized through the inspiration of countless individuals worldwide.
Repeatedly, the Edgar Cayce readings also encourage individuals to become a leavening influence in the lives of others. A 52-year-old editor, who asked about how she could be of service in her occupation, was told: "For, the entity is as the leaven that may leaven the whole lump. Here a little, there a little, does the entity influence those with whom it comes in contact day by day." (reading 2830-2) On another occasion, when a 49-year-old accountant asked how he could be of greatest service to humankind, Cayce's reply was simply that he begin working with the daily practice of prayer and meditation! (reading 270-33) Here again he was pointing out how even one individual can help change the thought of humankind.
In terms of our current vision for the future, we have broken ground on the new A.R.E./de Laski Family Foundation Education Center, which will house expanded space for Atlantic University, the Cayce/Reilly® School of Massotherapy, and the Edgar Cayce Foundation. In addition to educational outreach, much of what we do creates "community" in many different ways among our members and our constituencies. The changes to our grounds—changes that are occurring for the first time in more than 35 years—will go a long way to help us envision the future and provide a vibrational leaven to the world as a whole. [More information on the changes coming to our site can be found at: www.edgarcayce.org/educationcenter.]
As we collectively look toward the future—the future of our individual lives and the future of the world as a whole—let us not overlook the amazing impact each and every one of us can have in creating and changing that future.
Kevin J. Todeschi is A.R.E.'s Executive Director and CEO. As both student and teacher of the Edgar Cayce material for thirty years, he is the author of over twenty books, including God In Real Life: Personal Encounters with the Divine and the bestselling Edgar Cayce on the Akashic Records. Known for his ability to explain complex subjects in a straightforward and easy-to-understand manner, Kevin is popular for his insight and his sense of humor.


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November - April daily 9:30 am - 4:00 pm
May - October daily 9:30 - 6:00 pm
(Open throughout January!)
Make your family day out extra special with a visit to the Saalfeld Fairy Grottoes at the foot of the Thuringian Forest. Explore the mythical underground world of the fairy grottoes, as well as the fairy forest and Grottoneum interactive museum.
The Saalfeld Fairy Grottoes are in the Guinness Book of Records as the world's most colourful caves. Among the most popular tourist attractions in the Thuringia region, they serve as a striking reminder of medieval mining. An underground tour through the breathtaking, richly coloured world of stalactites and stalagmites reveals fascinating insights into how the grottoes formed, the minerals they contain and the lives and labour of the miners. Over in the sensational interactive museum Grottoneum, there's not a boring old display cabinet in sight. Instead, it's all about feeling, reading, hearing and tasting, allowing you to make your own fascinating discoveries. There's so much to see, including a mineral magnifier, treasures of the mountain and giant scorpions. You can also grow your own stalactites and set molecules in motion, or piece together the minerals of the fairy grottoes and trace 440 million years of history in the panorama grotto cinema. This is a place of discovery for visitors young and old!
If you were hoping to meet a fairy at the Saalfeld grottoes, make your way to the mystical Fairyland, the magical kingdom of fairies and natural spirits situated above the grottoes. Here the focus is on climbing, playing and relaxing. While away the hours with gripping stories, curious sounds and mysterious contraptions. Let yourself be enchanted. All you need is a sense of adventure, a little imagination, suitable footwear and about one and a half hours of time! As well as exploring the interactive areas, you can take an exclusive evening tour through the grottoes or enjoy an inhalation spa in the 'healing mine'. It's even possible to hold your fairytale wedding underground in the Märchendom. The Fairy Grotto Park also has accommodation facilities for guests who want to stay longer.
Tālummaiņa jūsu pārlūkā ar divām ērtām taustiņu kombinācijām:
Tuvināt: +
Tālināt: +
Lai saņemtu atbalstu no pārlūka izstrādātāja, noklikšķiniet uz ikonas:


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Monadic and General Iteratees: Messaging and exception handling.
Iteratees use an internal exception handling mechanism that is parallel to
that provided by
Control.Exception. This allows the iteratee framework
to handle its own exceptions outside
Iteratee exceptions are divided into two categories,
IterException and
IterExceptions are exceptions within an iteratee, and
EnumExceptions are exceptions within an enumerator.
Enumerators can be constructed to handle an
IterException with
Data.Iteratee.Iteratee.enumFromCallbackCatch. If the enumerator detects
iteratee exception, the enumerator calls the provided exception handler.
The enumerator is then able to continue feeding data to the iteratee,
provided the exception was successfully handled. If the handler could
not handle the exception, the
IterException is converted to an
EnumException and processing aborts.
Exceptions can also be cleared by
although in this case the iteratee continuation cannot be recovered.
When viewed as Resumable Exceptions, iteratee exceptions provide a means
for iteratees to send control messages to enumerators. The
implementation provides an example.
Data.Iteratee.Iteratee.seek stores
the current iteratee continuation and throws a
SeekException, which
inherits from
Data.Iteratee.IO.enumHandleRandom is
constructed with
enumFromCallbackCatch and a handler that performs
hSeek. Upon receiving the
enumHandleRandom calls
the handler, checks that it executed properly, and then continues with
the stored continuation.
As the exception hierarchy is open, users can extend it with custom exceptions and exception handlers to implement sophisticated messaging systems based upon resumable exceptions.
- data IFException = forall e . Exception e => IFException e
- data EnumException = forall e . Exception e => EnumException e
- data DivergentException = DivergentException
- data EnumStringException = EnumStringException String
- data EnumUnhandledIterException = EnumUnhandledIterException IterException
- class Exception e => IException e where
- toIterException :: e -> IterException
- fromIterException :: IterException -> Maybe e
- data IterException = forall e . Exception e => IterException e
- data SeekException = SeekException FileOffset
- data EofException = EofException
- data IterStringException = IterStringException String
- enStrExc :: String -> EnumException
- iterStrExc :: String -> SomeException
- wrapIterExc :: IterException -> EnumException
Exception types
data IFException Source
Root of the Iteratee exception hierarchy.
IFException derives from
and all inheritants are descendents of
|forall e . Exception e => IFException e
Enumerator exceptions
data EnumException Source
|forall e . Exception e => EnumException e
data DivergentException Source
iteratee diverged upon receiving
data EnumStringException Source
Create an enumerator exception from a
data EnumUnhandledIterException Source
The enumerator received an
IterException it could not handle.
Iteratee exceptions
class Exception e => IException e whereSource
A class for
iteratee exceptions. Only inheritants of
should be instances of this class.
toIterException :: e -> IterExceptionSource
data IterException Source
Root of iteratee exceptions.
|forall e . Exception e => IterException e
data SeekException Source
A seek request within an
data EofException Source
Iteratee needs more data but received
data IterStringException Source
Iteratee exception specified by a
enStrExc :: String -> EnumExceptionSource
Create an
EnumException from a string.
iterStrExc :: String -> SomeExceptionSource
Create an
iteratee exception from a string.
This convenience function wraps
IterStringException and
wrapIterExc :: IterException -> EnumExceptionSource
Convert an
IterException to an
EnumException. Meant to be used
within an
Enumerator to signify that it could not handle the


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Man, we've been hearing about James Cameron doing this manga/anime adaptation since 2005, well before AVATAR. We're talking Obama's first year as a United States Senator, Christian Bale's first year as a Batman, three live action Spider-man actors ago, before the Marvel Cinematic Universe even started, when Chris Evans was still The Human Torch, George Lucas was still making Star Wars movies, Saddam Hussein was still alive, the word "sexting" was just invented, Youtube was just starting, and Twitter didn't exist yet. A long time ago.
So I can't say I was thrilled when, after that decade plus of hopes, Cameron announced "Just kidding, Robert Rodriguez is gonna direct it." Fresh off of SIN CITY 2. But also I wasn't stupid enough to scoff at it. Cameron co-wrote and produced the thing. The only other time he did that was STRANGE DAYS, and that turned out pretty good. (read the rest of this shit…)
VERN has been reviewing movies since 1999 and is the author of the books SEAGALOGY: A STUDY OF THE ASS-KICKING FILMS OF STEVEN SEAGAL, YIPPEE KI-YAY MOVIEGOER!: WRITINGS ON BRUCE WILLIS, BADASS CINEMA AND OTHER IMPORTANT TOPICS and NIKETOWN: A NOVEL. His horror-action novel WORM ON A HOOK will arrive later this year.


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From £16.95
From £21.95
From £19.95
From £20.95
From £0.06 per ml
From £1.95
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RRP: £5.40 Was: £5.40 £3.95
From £0.09 per ml
Angus Hyland, has championed creativity at Cass Art for over 15 years. We caught up with Angus to find out more about the inspirational design behind The Cass Art Collection. Read more.
In this series of blogs we're looking beyond the artwork and into the artist studio. They are often seen as mysterious creative hubs of liberation and creative endeavour but we want to go...
Packing light is every artist's nightmare. Whether you're painting in plein air or planning an urban sketching tour, explore our artists' top tips and techniques for taking your...


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Need well built Dog Stairs at a great price. The Tiny 6 Step Value Line Dog Steps are constructed from OSB and needle punch carpet which is similar to automobile carpeting.
These are less costly materials that do not impact the quality or reliability. The carpet is thinner than the standard commercial carpet so the screws will be more visible. However, from a short distance away the Value Line looks very similar to the standard Bear's Stairs models.


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As a local-cheeses fan, I'm always happy to see Carolinas cheesemakers get attention:
Asheville's Looking Glass Creamery's Ellington Cheese is included in the October issue of Cooking Light magazine, in a roundup of great artisanal and small-batch foods from around the kitchen. Ellington is a goat's milk pyramid-form cheese with black ash under the rind.
Looking Glass is a family-owned operation owned by Jennifer and Andy Perkins in Fairview, near Asheville. They opened in January 2009.
Looking Glass has popped up in a few locations in Charlotte. It was recently on the cheese plate at Harvest Moon Grille at the Dunhill Hotel, although it's not on the chalkboard at the moment. It's also available all around Asheville and Hendersonville. For more details and sightings, go to www.ashevillecheese.com.
Thursday, September 1, 2011
Look, it's Looking Glass
As a local-cheeses fan, I'm always happy to see Carolinas cheesemakers get attention:


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edge on the net web site."This Old House" Announces Scandinavian Redesign and Cottage RemodelThe Emmy? Award-winning PBS home improvement series This Old House? has selected a 19th-century Victorian-era home in the city of Cambridge, Mass., and a woodland cottage circa 1935 in rural Essex, Mass., as its latest renovation projects for the upcoming 33rd national season. The locations represent a city-and -country theme and provide fresh, new angles that are remarkably different and, in some ways even contrasting. The Cambridge Project will showcase a renovation for a young family in a bustling urban setting while The Essex Project is a quiet country cottage that will be transformed into a universally accessible living space for aging parents. The This Old House Cambridge Project, featuring 15 brand-new episodes, premieres nationally on PBS in October 2012 (check www.thisoldhouse.com/tvschedule or your local listings). The Essex Project, featuring 11 episodes, premieres January 2013. Viewers will be able to watch full new This Old House episodes Sundays after each show premieres atwww.thisoldhouse.com/watchTOH"We have two major remodels this season, each conceived by a homeowner with a very clear vision," says host Kevin O?Connor. "Whether you?re a city person or prefer the calm of the country, our viewers will find aspects to love about both the stylish family home in Cambridge and the accessible in-law cottage in Essex." The first project sits in the densely packed urban neighborhood of Avon Hill in Cambridge. Homeowners Sally and John, along with their two young daughters, must preserve the exterior of their 1887 Victorian-era former two-family house to comply with conservation district standards. Inside, however, they will eliminate decades of 1960s and ?70s remodeling that has already stripped much of the house?s historic character. The result will be a brand-new house within the shell of an old one - an open, modern, bright Scandinavian style home with the kitchen, dining, and living area on the first floor, the kids? bedrooms on the second floor, and a grand master suite in the third-floor attic space. Sally and John selected architect Marcus Gleysteen who will employ a crisp, clean design, white-on-white details, and accents of natural wood to evoke a Scandinavian-modern feel. Beyond the design of the Cambridge Project, the This Old House crew will be deconstructing the interior and will be re-using, recycling and reselling as much of the salvaged material as possible. They will be working with EcoBuilding Bargains, a non-profit, to resell much of the salvage. They also will be replacing the electrical and plumbing systems, adding air conditioning for the first time, and upgrading the heating system and insulation to be more energy efficient.For the second half of the season, This Old House travels north to the marshes, farms, and woodland hills of Essex, Mass., to help a family renovate a cottage in the woods as an in-law house for their parents. The modest 1935s "Hansel-and-Gretel" style cottage has been neglected over the years and homeowners Julie and John want to restore the original character of the home, while creating an eclectic and universally accessible interior intended for aging parents - where first floor living is enhanced by views of the rocky outcroppings and dense forests in the area.The homeowners chose architect Sally DeGan and her team at SpaceCraft Architecture, Inc., to bring the rooflines of the house into harmony, while adding a small addition for a new kitchen, a four-season porch, and master bathroom and bedroom on the first floor, all connected by an open floor plan. While the three-bedroom home has two bedrooms and a bath upstairs for caregivers or grandchildren, the new design will allow residents to live entirely on the first floor. This Old House general contractor Tom Silva will keep the look and feel of this woodland cottage by using cedar shingles, casement windows, and a metal roof for aesthetics and durability. The natural stone from the property will be used to create a veneer for the foundation. There is quite a bit of overgrowth around the cottage, which means a path in and out of the house will have to be created along with an enlarged parking court. Outdated plumbing and heating systems will get a much-needed upgrade as well."We have two completely different projects this season that are each relevant and exciting in its own way," says senior series producer, Deborah Hood. "From Scandinavian design in the city to universal design in the country, we hope these projects will offer good ideas, solid information, and plenty of inspiration for our audience." Show producers found the properties in Cambridge and Essex after an exhaustive search, which included extensive outreach to the local building/architectural community and a public call for entries in late 2011/early 2012. That search yielded several hundred submissions. Live, 24/7 progress of the Cambridge and Essex projects will be available in the coming days on thisoldhouse.com/webcams. Visitors to www.thisoldhouse.com also will be able to access other special features, such as a "before and after" photo gallery, project overview, products and services information, and a time-lapse archive of the projects? progress. Readers of the blog oldhousemyhouse.thisoldhouse.com/ will get frequent behind-the-scenes updates on the projects from the homeowners and show producers. Viewers also can become fans of This Old House on Facebook or follow the show on Twitter.Source: www.edgeonthenet.com
NewWookiee.com is neither affiliated with nor endorsed by
The New Yankee Workshop.NewWookiee.com is copyright 2003-2020 by Philip
Wise. All Rights Reserved.


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Heavy Metal
Based on the popular magazine of the same name, this animated cult film interweaves six visionary stories of science fiction and fantasy. The soundtrack includes such rock superstars as Black Sabbath, Blue Oyster Cult, Cheap Trick, Devo, Donald Fagen, Grand Funk Railroad, Sammy Hagar, Journey, Nazareth and Stevie Nicks.
Starring Harvey Atkin, Thor Bishopric, Rodger Bumpass, Jackie Burroughs, John Candy
Directed by Gerald Potterton, Jimmy T. Murakami
Running Time - 1:30
Genre - Action/Adventure
Opened in Theaters - Wednesday, July 29th, 1981 (39 years ago)
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DescriptionSpider King is based on one of the most popular solitaires, and it is as addictive as ever! Create sequences from King to Ace and they will magically disappear!
- All cards are of the same suit, so all you need to worry about is making sequences from King to Ace.
- When you have created a full sequence of cards, they will disappear. Create eight sequences to solve the game.
- All cards can be placed in the empty slots, but you cannot deal new cards while you have empty slots.


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Related Suppliers
In the last five years, North America has gone from being the #3 global market for French robot maker Sepro to the #1 position, accounting for almost a quarter of company sales. That fact, and recent double-digit sales, prompted Sepro America, LLC to move to a new building nearly double the size of its previous space. The new facility is in Warrendale, Pa., near Pittsburgh and a little more than 10 miles from the previous location in Emsworth. The new building is 16,500 ft2 (vs. 9150 ft2 before), including much larger office space, an 800-ft2 training room with an 18-ft ceiling to accommodate large robots, and a workshop area for assembly, testing, and warehouse space. According to Jim Healy, v.p. of sales and marketing, the move will provide enhanced capabilities for customer training and application development.


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Bencini Comet-S, a photo by pho-Tony on Flickr.
Wednesday, 3 October 2012
Week 144 - Bencini Comet-S
Bencini Comet-S, a photo by pho-Tony on Flickr.
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In 2010 I decided to start taking photos with my collection of film cameras, using a different one each week. The project is now in its fifth year, and since May 2011 I have been writing a regular column about it in the UK magazine "Amateur Photographer".


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09-13-2011, 20:37
We don't have great viz, or beautiful locations - but talk about a great bunch of folks! Join the Texas Swamp Divers!
09-19-2013, 15:31
When you think of Las Vegas, you don't often think if diving, but here in Las Vegas divers are abundant ranging from new open water divers to dive instructors.
08-16-2011, 17:45
04-18-2013, 09:35
12-25-2012, 19:39
Deep, Dark, Cold, and Narced - Divers welcome from the Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas areas - or anyone else who dives in these types of conditions!
05-04-2020, 03:49
Atlanta Under Explorers is a multicultural scuba diving club and an affiliate club to NABS, National Association of Black Scuba Divers
09-09-2009, 13:52
City of Houston Underwater Mariners. A club run by divers for divers. Because the water's more exciting with CHUM in it!
06-01-2015, 14:44
We have divers from every level of education from still attending classes to get certified to instructor. With dives as few as 5-6 and as many as 1500+. We dive dirty water and exotic locations.
07-23-2016, 01:24
Where, when and how to book a...
10-06-2015, 05:30
There are currently 4 users browsing this forum. (0 members & 4 guests)


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I snuck into their apt. and took photos of Guinness. When they get home, I will ask them to take him out so I can get better photos. Rumor has it, Guinness bites or I would have taken him out for the photo shoot.
Now that I look at your dwarfs, I think he/she is regular size.
Correct me if I am wrong, but I could have SWORN I heard a purring kind of noise.


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The next chapter begins…
We are open
In order to help us manage the flow of customers entering the restaurant, we recommend that you book ahead via our online booking system.
View our new safety measures so you know what to expect when you visit us.
We look forward to welcoming you again soon.
Chapter One at Home
Order Online for collection on Saturday's.


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Deb Babcock: Fertilizing your garden plants
You might not need as much fertilizer as you think
Steamboat Springs — Should we fertilize our garden plants, and if so, when and how?
If your soil has been well-tended by the addition of compost and mulches, there may be no need for supplemental fertilizer. This is especially true with ornamentals because you can also recycle the spent plant materials back into the soil, providing all the necessary nutrients for the next growing season.
Even if you are growing and harvesting vegetables, you may not need to use fertilizers if you use compost, mulch and cover crops that add fertility back into the soil since harvesting takes away some of the soil nutrients. Growing cover crops such as buckwheat or winter oats, rye or clover and plowing them under helps return nutrients to the soil.
Your shade trees, flowering trees and shrubs and even fruit trees generally do not need any supplemental fertilizer unless the growth rate is slower than normal (generally about 6 inches per year, depending on species).
A soil test, conducted every three years, is the best way to determine the fertility of your garden soil and whether any fertilizer is needed. Tests can be conducted by soil testing labs around the country or at Colorado State University's Soil Testing Lab for a small fee (about $25). For details about getting your soil tested at CSU, call 970-491-5061 or bring a gallon bag of your soil into the Routt County Extension Office, and they will help you complete the paperwork and get it to CSU.
So, if you do need to add some nutrients to your soil, here's what you need to know:
Fertilizer will come in granular form, liquids and soluble powders, and as pellets or spikes. You can choose the form that is most convenient for you. Granular, pellets and spikes all release the nutrients slowly into the soil each time it rains or when you water your garden. Liquids and soluble powders soak into the soil and down to the root system faster but then will require repeated applications.
The label will show three numbers indicating the percentages of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K — the K is for kalium, the Latin and German word for potassium) in the container. (The numbers won't add up to 100 percent because some type of filler is used that allows the nutrients to be applied in a convenient manner.) Plants use NPK in a rough ratio of 3-1-2. Your soil test will provide you with information about exactly which nutrients are needed and how much you should use. Be sure to read the label carefully for application directions.
You do not need to buy different fertilizers for the different kinds of flowers, vegetables, shrubs and trees in your garden. Just pay attention to the soil test to make sure you add enough of the proper nutrient and not too much of other nutrients such as nitrogen, which can burn plant roots if used excessively.
So instead of automatically fertilizing your plants, consider the alternative of conditioning your soil with compost. Then mulch with grass clippings, bark chips, leaf mold, sphagnum peat, pine needles or inorganic mulches. If you do this every year, you'll lessen or eliminate the need for any more fertilizer.
Deb Babcock is a master gardener through the CSU Extension Routt County. Call 970-879-0825 with questions.
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