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Galette of Beets & Greens
We have another festive recipe by market goer, Robyn Salguero, who found a lovely way to use up an excess of greens and herbs from the summer bounty. The galette is easy to assemble and looks (and tastes!) beautiful.
Featuring veggies from Natural Collective.
Boil the beets in lightly salted water until softened, about 30 minutes. Drain and set aside. When cool, peel the beets and chop into small pieces (1/4-1/2").
Meanwhile, make the crust. Mix the flour, salt, and sugar in a bowl until combined. Add the butter and mix in with a pastry cutter or your fingertips until you have a crumbly mixture, with a few larger chunks of bitter throughout. Dribble in the water and vinegar and mix together with a fork until just coming together into a rough, shaggy dough, being careful not to over mix. Divide the mixture into two and pat each piece into a flat disc about 4" round. Cover and let chill for at least 30 minutes or overnight.
Heat a large shallow pan over medium-low heat, then add the oil. Add in the onions and leeks and cook, stirring occasionally, until softened and wilted, about 10-15 minutes. Add the garlic and heat until fragrant, about 1 minute. Add in the stalks of the swiss chard and beets and cook for about 10 minutes, until soft. Add in the chard & beet leaves and cook until wilted and starting to cook down, about 3 minutes, then add the spinach. Cook the mixture for an additional 5-6 minutes, until soft and tender. Remove from the heat.
Season to taste with salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes, than stir in the herbs, green onions, lemon juice, and lemon zest. Allow to cool. When cool, stir in the eggs, cheese, and beets.
Heat oven to 375. Lightly flour work surface, and with a rolling pin, flatten a disc of dough out to a 12" rough circle. Transfer to a piece of parchment. Heap half the filling into the centre of the dough and spread out, leaving a 2" border around the edges. Carefully enclose the dough around the filling, folding and pleating as you work, so that the dough is holding the greens in but the centre is still exposed. Repeat with the remaining galette.
Bake for 25-30 minutes, until the crust is golden brown and the filling is bubbling and cooked throughout. Serve hot, warm, or at room temperature.
You can find many of these ingredients at the South Osborne Farmers' Market, open every Wednesday, 4-8pm until September 25. Located at the Lord Roberts Community Centre (725 Kylemore Ave).
And stay tune for more fall recipes by Robyn or @allegra.eats.the.world.
Try out this new recipe by our favourite market goer, Robyn Salguero, who was inspired by the abundance of veggies this autumn season. These gorgeous little triangular pies contain a wonderful autumnal combination of roasted squash, fennel and garlic with a faint aroma of basil. Make sure you use a pumpkin with less moisture so the dough doesn't get soggy. Kuri or buttercup squash is very good here.
Shout out to Heart Acre Farms for the fennel and basil, Natural Collective for the kuri squash, and feta cheese from Vegan Fromagerie.
For the dough: place the flour and salt in a large mixing bowl. Dissolve the yeast with the water, allow to froth for a minute or so, then add the oil and mix well. Pour the water into the flour mix a bit at a time, stirring to combine. When all the water is added, transfer to a lightly floured surface and knead well. If the dough is still sticky, add some extra flour, or add a bit more water if a bit crumbly. Knead for about 5 minutes, until soft, smooth, and elastic and no longer tacky. Cover with plastic and set aside.
Meanwhile, heat the oven to 425 degrees. Peel and remove the seeds from the squash and cut into rough 2" chunks. Trim the fennel bulb of the fronds (reserve for another use), slice in half, and cut into wedges. Toss the squash and fennel with the garlic paste and olive oil. Place on a baking sheet for about 25 minutes, or until soft. Remove and allow to cool slightly, the coarsely mash with a fork so you still have a bit of chunky texture. When completely cool, gently stir in the feta, herbs, and pumpkinseeds.
Divide the dough into 18 even balls. On a lightly floured surface, roll each ball into a rough circle about 3" in diameter. Place 2 scant tbsps of filling in the center of the dough and spread and shape it into a rough triangle. Moisten the edge of the dough with a bit of water, then pinch the dough shut in the shape of the triangle, beginning by pinching the edges at three equidistant points (12, 4, & 8 o'clock) and continuing pinching along the pastry, ending with all three points meeting evenly in the middle. Seal well. Repeat with the remaining pies
Place the triangles on a baking tray lined with parchment paper, and bake for about 10-15 minutes, until the dough has become light golden brown but is not completely crisp. Serve warm or at room temperature.
Get many of these ingredients and much more at the South Osborne Farmers' Market, open every Wednesday, 4-8pm until September 25. Located at the Lord Roberts Community Centre (725 Kylemore Ave).
And stay tune for more festive recipes by Robyn or @allegra.eats.the.world.
Chew on This! #5 August 21, 2019
Speaker: Kenton Lobe of Canadian Mennonite University
Written by Anna Sigrithur
Chew on This! is a bi-weekly mini speaker series hosted at the South Osborne Farmers' Market that aims to bring market-goers and local food champions together with the idea that a market should be a meeting place and a place of critical ideas as well as commerce.
Last week at Chew on This! we welcomed Kenton Lobe, a farmer, a seed saver, and a professor of International Development and Environmental Studies at the Canadian Mennonite University (CMU). Kenton began his talk by asking the audience whether we were aware of the fact that the land we were sitting on (at the Lord Roberts Community Centre in South Osborne, Winnipeg) had once been divided into river lots along the Red River occupied and cultivated by Métis farmers at the time of the city's birth. Most of us did not-- nor could we imagine quite what those people might have been growing-- but we knew it was not the genetically modified seeds of conventional agriculture today. In asking this question, Kenton implored us to consider the history of the human relationship with seeds and plants that has extended as far as 10,000 years and is ongoing. It's a relationship many of us don't think that much about, but one that merits rekindling.
Much of this relationship between people and seed has been damaged, disconnected and exploited in recent decades. Says Kenton, our agricultural biodiversity is in crisis: 75% of agricultural species have been lost over the past 100 years, and at the moment, 60-70% of the world's seed supply is controlled by four multinational corporations whose primary interest is profit for their shareholders. For the first time in the classes he teaches, he is assigning readings on 'ecological grief', the phenomenon of feeling profound despair at the state of the climate and our disconnection with natural systems and other species. But within all of this is a window of hope: seeds can provide a powerful physical tool and metaphor for social and ecological change. Just think about it, he says: a towering, 2000 year old sequoia tree grew from a seed that weighed 1/16th of a gram. That's powerful. Saving seed is a way and place where we can begin to regain and reclaim our relationships to other species.
Doing so is the practice of gaining what Kenton calls 'ecological literacy'. Ecological literacy is just what it sounds like: the knowledge about natural systems that allows us to 'read' their many variables, and to make educated guesses on how best to interact with them. When he first started saving seeds, he started with squash and quickly realized that to do so meant that he had to understand much more than just seeds; he had to learn how the flowers are pollinated and what the bees, birds, the wind and the humans were doing within a several kilometer radius of the squash patch! He realized that seed saving required learning the whole natural system that surrounded and supported that seed. And when it came to the moment for his direct influence, he had to choose which squash to save and let reproduce another year, and which to eat or compost-- a process called 'roguing'. It was the beginning of a long relationship that is now bearing its own fruits; Kenton now often teaches squash pollinating workshops at CMU in the summer times.
Through his work at CMU, Kenton got to know other seed savers who have influenced this relationship to seeds, and he cites one person in particular named Caroline Chartrand, who calls herself 'the landless Métis seed saver'. Caroline worked tirelessly to research any records of seeds from the Red River Valley to determine what her Métis ancestors would have cultivated and eaten-- on possibly the very same river lots we were gathered on the day of Kenton's talk. Caroline works to grow out these seeds where and when she can find them, and in doing so, is connecting with her ancestors. Yes, her ancestors who grew the seeds-- but also, from an Indigenous perspective, seeds themselves are living ancestors. Regaining a relationship with them is a way of healing from on-going colonial violence, as well as a celebration of connection. Kenton recalled one of the seminal (har har!) moments in which he came to understand this. He was visiting the White Earth reservation in Minnesota and spending time with the renowned elder/activist Winona Laduke when someone came and brought some seeds to her-- seeds that they had brought over the border in a bag of "Spitz". When she saw them, Winona exclaimed with joy, "Oh, you've brought my grandchildren home!" Kenton said he was taken aback by this at first, but her genuine appreciation and warmth towards these seeds stuck with him: it challenged his european, settler farmer view on what a seed was.
This is an important distinction in the face of the state of seeds internationally, with the aforementioned multinational corporations who control seed through patenting and intellectual property laws, and genetic manipulation to ensure that seeds from GM crops cannot be saved. Though this market share is still a global minority-- most of the food grown and eaten in the world today still comes from small-scale operations using non-GM seeds-- its implications about the right to control and patent life are significant. From Kenton, and many other seed savers' perspectives, there is a philosophical, cultural and justice-based logic that seed should not be owned or controlled by the few. It is a living entity, a resource-- and for many an ancestor-- that we all have a right to engage with.
And so, Kenton and other seed savers find satisfaction in working the land in a way that honours these relationships, and teaches in a way that he hopes he can inspire students and other farmers and gardeners to gain ecological literacy. It's one of the things we can do in the face of shrinking agricultural biodiversity and seed monopolies-- to literally work against these forces. For many years, Kenton and colleagues have organized the "Seedy Saturday" event at CMU, where seed savers from all over Winnipeg and Manitoba can come to freely swap or give away their seeds. He teaches about seed saving and seed banking (we'll give some information about local seed banks and libraries below), and encourages as many people to grow out and save seed as possible: the more something is grown out by attentive seed savers, the more adaptability we will see in our crops-- something we'll need in the times ahead.
The Osborne Seed Library Project:
Seedy Saturday:
Book: The Organic Seed Grower by John Navazio
Chew on This! takes place every other Wednesday from 7-7:30pm at the South Osborne Farmers' Market (725 Kylemore Ave). Childminding is available through our kids craft table.
Our next Chew on This! will be this coming Wednesday, September 4, and will feature Jeanette Sivilay, a former urban farmer and food sovereignty researcher giving a talk on "Organizing for Food Sovereignty: small scale farmers and the local food movement in Manitoba."
**Note: The time of Chew on This! has changed! The event will be from 7:00- 7:30pm instead of 5:30-6pm. The location will remain the same.**
The Muesli Model
Written by Sally Nelson, SuLi's Muesli
The story of SuLi's Muesli started during a conversation between my twin sister, Susan and myself. Susan asked me to help find a volunteer position for her daughter, SuLi, that would provide skills in working with the public and help prepare her for meaningful employment.
SuLi is a specially-abled, kind-hearted, 19-year-old high school student in a special education program. As part of her education, she's had work placements, but Susan was hoping for an opportunity that would be more exciting and rewarding for her. Ping! All of a sudden I remembered a long-standing idea to sell my homemade muesli, and knew that SuLi would be the perfect business partner. The idea quickly took off!
Before long we were testing and adjusting recipes for muesli bars with lots of support from our extended family. We eventually stumbled upon the South Osborne Farmers' Market, and found that their ethos closely aligned with what we were trying to do – use local ingredients; be environmentally conscious; community focused; and open to all. We quickly applied and were accepted as a bi-weekly vendor, but didn't know what to expect.
Time was short, so we kicked into high gear. When deciding on a name, it occurred to Susan that "SuLi" actually rhymes with "muesli" -- that was easy! Now we needed to source ingredients. We wanted everything to be healthy, tasty and as locally-sourced as possible. After digging around, we discovered Adiago Acres. We decided that it would be a great opportunity for SuLi to understand where some of our products come from, so we arranged to visit the farm. One late spring day, we drove out and one of the owners, Amy, gave us a tour. While we were there she generously presented us with a bag of their healthy and delicious oats to get us started. What a fantastic experience!
When we initially started, SuLi was not all that excited. Like any teenager, she was caught up in her own world. But with help from her teachers and enthusiasm from her peers, she began to take more interest. At first, we weren't sure which role would be the best fit for her, but wanted to work with her interests and natural gifting. We soon realized that instead of working in the kitchen, we could involve her with things that she already had experience in and liked to do, which also helped her gain more confidence. This included helping with packaging, setting up at the market, and working with customers.
At the same time, we set some personal growth goals for her within our business model. These included giving correct change to customers and learning the value of money, as well as working with a great attitude and interacting well with customers. Our business approach has been intentional from the start – we want to help SuLi grow in these skills, to reap the rewards of earning money, and to take pride in her accomplishments. Often Susan and I find ourselves discussing a business decision in terms of these goals for SuLi, not just the most direct path financially. For example, we set our prices specifically so that she could easily learn to give change to customers. All bars and muesli are either $5 or $10, so counting is straightforward. This model has worked remarkably well both for the goals we set for SuLi and as a business model.
Another priority has been establishing a legitimate business that will stand on its own with repeat customers who really value our products. We wanted the business to thrive beyond just the support of family and friends eager to support SuLi's market initiative. In other words, we wanted her, and us, to take real pride in the products and brand. This is why we worked hard on creating good quality food at reasonable prices and chose a strong logo and slogan. It has been particularly rewarding seeing repeat customers who take our business seriously and truly enjoy our products.
SuLi's Muesli has been operating now for almost two months. What started out as a rather rushed start-up summer business to help SuLi gain better employment skills has opened up into something we are considering continuing throughout the year. With SuLi increasingly involved on market days, it's become a three-way partnership between the three of us, and we are all growing in our business and customer service skills together.
To learn more about SuLi's Muesli, find them on Facebook or read their feature in CBC.
The Emotional Labour of Farming
Chew on This! #4 July 7, 2019
Speaker: Laura Tait of Heart Acres Farm
Written by Claire Heidenreich
Chew on This! is a bi-weekly mini speaker series hosted at the South Osborne Farmers' Market that aims to bring market-goers and local food champions together with the idea that a market should be a meeting place and a place of critical ideas as well as commerce.
Last week, we were joined by Laura Tait, a farmer and co-owner of Heart Acres Farm, a ~2 acre spray-free farm near St. Adolphe, MB where she and business partner Chad Wiens grow vegetables for markets and their CSA. She spoke about the challenges of running a small farm business, reflecting on gender roles in the business she is a part of, the transformative social role small farms can play, and the visibility of different kinds of labour in farming.
Laura began by pointing out the visibility of different kinds of labour on the farm. Anyone who's not a farmer will know that running a farm business takes a lot of labour, but when we picture farmwork, we are more likely to picture the exhausting physical tasks of planting, tending and harvesting crops during long, hot summer days and wet spring mornings. But while these are crucial, they are not the only ones required to make a farm run: farmers must also make business plans, budgets, and crop plans-- and, in the case of small farms, the farmers themselves tend to act as their own sales and public relations departments, administrating the CSA (Community Supported Agriculture), building vendor connections and maintaining contact with their customers via social media. These highly communicative tasks require an input of time and skill equal to the more physical tasks, but are often less visible to outsiders -- and even to the farmworkers themselves-- as 'farmwork'. These tasks, often described by the umbrella term of 'emotional labour', tend to be invisible-- and therefore unrewarded.
Over the past two seasons of running Heart Acres Farm, Laura has found herself gravitating towards the invisible emotional labour jobs, while her business partner Chad gravitated toward crop planning and working in the fields. Laura is the first to say that she enjoys a lot of the organizing and emotional labour; she has high-level skills around communication, graphic design, and event managing. But as time went on, she started feeling like she needed to work extra hard in the fields to make up for "lost time" spent communicating with CSA members, dealing with staff issues, organizing markets, or building comfortable common spaces on the farm. Because her tasks didn't directly contribute to profits, she noticed they were getting undervalued and overlooked, even though they were vital to sustaining a healthy and happy workplace. She felt like she was always working, and began to get exhausted both physically and emotionally-- and realized this was because she was trying to work double-time: behind the scenes, and on centre stage.
There had to be a solution to this, and for Laura, it came with acknowledging the structural reasons she was feeling this way and bringing them up with her business partner. Emotional labour, because of socialization around gender, all too often falls on women and femme people to deal with -- whether they like it or not-- and Laura noticed that most of these issues she would deal with weren't an issue for Chad. For example, as an employer, Laura noticed that the farm employees would come to her for help when they made mistakes or were having personal issues, while they would be more likely to listen to instructions given by Chad. Acknowledging the gendered reasons for this, Laura and Chad came to an agreement that Chad would begin to take on talking with employees, especially about the more emotional issues. This provided Laura with a much-needed break from emotional labour, and gave Chad the opportunity to better appreciate it by experiencing it firsthand. It makes the invisible visible-- and therefore valued.
Laura and Chad have challenged themselves with the task of creating a work dynamic that tries to account for all the kinds of labour being done-- to value them equally, and to make sure that each partner's role supports the other's. Over some time of this, Laura has noticed that the labour on the farm has shifted naturally to a division where the physical farming labour is being shared roughly equally, and Chad takes on most of the planning of crops, while Laura does most of the organization, finances, and coordination required to run and grow the business. She uses her organizational skills to hold events at the farm, such as: weekly farm trips for volunteers from the Good Food Club (a subsidized healthy food program in West Broadway), raising awareness and CSA shares for the Mosaic Resource Center (a newcomer resource centre), hosting gardening-dating events for queer people interested in farming, and holding gatherings for farmers and people from marginalized communities who are interested in farming to meet each other, network, and discuss food and farming issues and strategies.
The goal of Heart Acres Farm is to be more than just a business, and Laura is interested in finding a way to make small, sustainable farming feasible and to shift the food system towards increased diversity in small-scale and local production. But to do this requires more than just planting and harvesting crops-- it requires relationship building, communication and ongoing work for social justice. In other words, it requires a transformation of what we envision as farmwork: the future of farming is going to take a lot of emotional labour-- and the recognition of its value-- and Laura is just one of many people striving to bring that to the fore.
Chew on This! takes place every other Wednesday from 7-7:30pm at the South Osborne Farmers' Market (725 Kylemore Ave). Childminding is available through our kids craft table.
Our next Chew on This! will be this week on August 21st from 7:00-7:30pm with farmer, seed-saver, and Canadian Mennonite University professor Kenton Lobe who will be talking about seed saving and seed library projects at CMU and in Manitoba.
**Note: The time of Chew on This! has changed! The event will be from 7:00- 7:30pm instead of 5:30-6pm. The location will remain the same.**
How a Small Sourdough Bakery is Resisting Systems of Oppression in the Food Industry
Chew on This! #3, July 24, 2019
Speaker: Cora Wiens of Eadha Bread
Written by Claire Heidenreich
Chew on This! is a bi-weekly mini speaker series hosted at the South Osborne Farmers' Market that aims to bring market-goers and local food champions together with the idea that a market should be a meeting place and a place of critical ideas as well as commerce.
Last week at Chew on This! we had the pleasure of welcoming Cora Wiens, owner of the West End sourdough bakery Eadha Bread. Cora spoke to us about creating spaces for queer and other marginalized people in the food industry, and how she is working to achieve this by prioritizing human connection and social transformation in her business model.
To begin, Cora stressed that we cannot talk about homophobia and queer oppression without first understanding systems of oppression, which can be defined as such:
"Systems of oppression are discriminatory institutions, structures, norms, to name a few, that are embedded in the fabric of our society. All the "-isms" are forms of oppression. In the context of social justice, oppression is discrimination against a social group that is backed by institutional power."
These systems are especially embedded in the food industry, and having worked in this industry for over 10 years, Cora has witnessed them first-hand. The food industry is a place of hard work, low wages, and lots of human labour. This often leads to high turnover, creating a culture of casual work, low social regulation, and in the majority of cases, no official anti-discrimination policies or human resources department. Social norms are easily reproduced in this unrestricted environment, making workplaces in the food industry fertile ground for behaviours that reinforce systems of oppression. This includes racist, sexist or homophobic jokes, and discriminatory hiring practices. Complicating the matter, Cora highlights that many people fail to realize this is a common problem, and simply assume that society is too progressive to allow this to happen.
Within the context of these experiences, Cora has intentionally established her business, Eadha, as an alternative model to resist systems of oppression. "Eadha" is an old Celtic word meaning "endurance", a core value of the business, achieved through human connection and social transformation. Further, as their website states, Eadha aims to "do business through a queer, anti-racist, decolonial lens and loves to collaborate with and support other businesses and community groups also engaged in this work." The bakery works to be a safe space for people of marginalized groups, and welcomes everyone that is committed to the active, conscious, and ongoing work to fight oppression. Queerness is a vital aspect of this, as Cora finds queerness to be a source of joy, connection, and opportunity for growth.
But creating this kind of space doesn't happen overnight, Cora stresses; it takes time and hard work, and ongoing critical self-reflection on her own part. Now that she has a brick and mortar bakery in the West End community, and three full-time employees, the ability to resist oppression is becoming amplified. Recognizing that amplified impact comes with the potential for that impact to unwittingly be harmful, Cora regularly finds herself having to carefully evaluate what it means to create a healthy workplace and spaces/events that resist oppression.
Cora sees all her business decisions as tools for resistance and allyship. For example, Canada Day is usually a time when businesses profit off a holiday that celebrates violence and colonialism, but recognizing her place as a white, middle-class settler on this land, Cora instead used that day as an opportunity to amplify Indigenous voices. This was done through Eadha's social media, as well as closing the bakery for the day with a sign on the door explaining Canada's colonial history. While these kinds of actions are certainly unorthodox for business, and in some cases have angered and caused her to lose certain customers, profit is not the be-all and end-all for Eadha's business. What is most important is using the tools at their disposal to resist systems of oppression.
One of the things that allows for the creation and recreation of systems of oppression is capitalism-- the ability to extract and accumulate wealth beyond your own work-- and Cora makes efforts toward reducing capitalism's impacts at Eadha. Though they are a sole proprietorship business that sells a luxury, high-end product for largely people with disposable income, Cora tries to run Eadha with socialist principles. Below are a few of the principles she has prioritized:
Chew on This! takes place every other Wednesday from 7:00-7:30pm at the South Osborne Farmers' Market (725 Kylemore Ave). Childminding is available through our kids craft table.
Our next Chew on This! will be next week on August 7th from 7:00-7:30pm with small farmer Laura Tait of Heart Acres Farm to talk about Transforming the Emotional Labour of Farming-- what it takes to set up a small farming business with a focus on the emotional labour and challenging the implicit gender roles that farming tends to bring.
**Note: The time of Chew on This! has changed. For the rest of the Series, the event will be from 7:00-7:30pm instead of 5:30-6pm. The location will remain the same.**
A Day Well Spent
Written by frequent market goer Robyn Salguero
I spent a leisurely evening at the farmers market tonight, sipping cider, chatting with friends, and perusing the colourful offerings artfully displayed on checkered tablecloths and in weathered wooden crates. I think it's one of my favourite summer activities.
I love the people watching too -- folks seem just as thrilled as I am to be freed from the multiple layers of wool socks and underclothes, free to wear flowering skirts and airy shorts and expose sun-starved shouldered to the light. In reusable bags and baskets, on bicycles or with friendly pouches, their arms are laden with irresistible fresh produce and baked goods and craft beer. And always, always, there is the cloth bag slung over a shoulder with leafy beet tops or carrot fronts announcing themselves and waving merrily behind them, bobbing and tickling other patrons as they pass by.
The vibe at the South Osborne Farmers' Market is my favourite in the city. It is so charming and lovely and has a wonderful mix of vendors and attendees. There is live music and refreshing drinks and passionate speakers (tonight's topic was about creating queer community food spaces) and stunning goods. Including those craggy heirloom tomatoes that I can never get enough of.
Follow Robyn's food journeys and wonderful creations on Instagram @allegra.eats.the.world
Chew on This! #2: July 10, 2019
Speaker: Chef Steve Watson
Written by Claire Heidenreich
Chew on This! is a bi-weekly mini speaker series hosted at the South Osborne Farmers' Market that aims to bring market-goers and local food champions together with the idea that a market should be a meeting place and a place of critical ideas as well as commerce.
For our second Chew on This! Speaker series event, we welcomed Chef Instructor Steve Watson to talk about Indigenous food resurgence in the culinary arts.
Steve was born in Thompson and grew up in Garden City, Winnipeg, surrounded by predominantly Jewish and Ukrainian communities, and at a fairly young age developed a passion for food and cooking. He was brought up in an English speaking Catholic family, and describes his younger years as happy, but he always noticed a difference between himself and the people around him-- a difference in heritage. His grandmother who came from Peguis First Nation, was a residential school survivor. And while fortunately she did not endure the physical abuse so rampant in the residential school system, she still experienced the loss of connection and culture that came from the effort to "kill the Indian" inside each student. For most of her life, she felt at peace and content with her life, her religion, and her language, unaware of what she was missing. But as she grew older, she began to mourn the loss of her culture. The passing down of tradition and knowledge across generations is a vital part of Indigenous culture, but the residential school system severed the connection across which these traditions and knowledge are shared. As a chef, Steve would have to find another way to learn about his culture. Thankfully, an opportunity emerged at Commonwealth College.
Commonwealth College is a school designed to be flexible to accommodate people who struggle to adjust to the nine-to-five structure of most schools and workplaces-- often those suffering from trauma due to incarceration, addiction, abuse, and other struggles. Because many of these issues are prevalent in Indigenous communities due to the legacy of colonial policies like residential schools, Steve says, a large portion of the student body is comprised of Indigenous individuals. Right around the time that Steve was beginning his journey into reconnecting with his heritage, a position opened at the Commonwealth College to teach. He took the position, and has since been working to explore his own roots through cuisine, and inspire students to do the same. As Steve says, his goal has never been to judge or ask his students about their past, he just wants to help them in the present to move forward and improve their lives through developing skills in the culinary arts.
Since he's been at Commonwealth, Steve has confronted the idea of what it means to have "authentic" or "traditional" Indigenous cuisine. When asked to cater an event for an Indigenous health organization, they asked him to cook traditional Indigenous food. And that sparked a discussion: what is traditional Indigenous food? It turns out, it's different than most people think. After some research, he found out that many of the foods that most people commonly associate with Indigenous cuisine originated with European recipes and ingredients. For example, bannock was originally a Scottish dish, made from ingredients brought to Indigenous communities by colonizers. This created a conflict: should he keep these dishes with European origins, or restrict the menu to what Indigenous peoples would have eaten before the colonization of North America? Steve highlights an unfairness in the second option: most cultures have had the past five centuries to develop their cuisines, often using ingredients from the Americas. For example, Italy didn't have tomatoes 500 years ago, so many of the dishes we consider quintessential to Italian culture have emerged since then. But Indigenous food cultures have had far less opportunity to continue their flourishing and development during these past 500 years since colonization, due to ongoing systematic suppression of Indigenous peoples and cultures. Those who have survived, says Steve, have largely adopted European cultural practices, including its cuisine. And while Indigenous cuisines do exist today albeit different from they were 500 years ago-- proof of cultural adaptability and survival-- the diet of many has become mainly comprised of processed foods due to structural issues of access and poverty. Realizing all of this, Steve wanted a better alternative to turn to.
So, he decided to create an alternative, and embarked on an ambitious project: to develop a menu using only Indigenous foods from prior to colonization. He called his project '1491', named for the year before Columbus landed in the Americas and in the 1491 menu, Steve researched the ingredients and technologies Indigenous peoples would have had to work with in that time, and created dishes that could have possibly been developed from that point forward. To do this, first he first eliminated the five 'white' foods of European cuisine: refined flour, salt, processed sugar, milk and dairy products, and certain fats such as lard and seed oils. What remained were ingredients like bison, elk, deer, venison, berries, wild rice, wild onions, and sumac (a tangy tree bark). This ingredient list presented some challenges, such as legal and health restrictions on these mostly-wild foods, but there was also the challenge of making the food taste good for the modern palate which is tuned to liking sugar, fat, and salt. Even more than great taste though, Steve's goal was to make a menu that would tie in core aspects of Indigenous culture-- to connect emotions to the food being made. Because, he says, while food is a basic necessity, it is also much more than that: it is a source of pleasure and an expression of culture.
To that end, he began developing tantalizing dishes such as smoked white fish seasoned with sumac and wild onions, served with wild rice cakes which were fried in duck fat, or, a wild rice pudding made creamy by a roux of corn flour and duck fat, sweetened by maple syrup and blueberries. He often flavours dishes with concentrated meat stocks, and even uses wood ash to impart a salty flavour on the tongue without using salt. While many of his dishes rely on less commonly found or wild ingredients, Steve says sourcing is not the biggest obstacle to his project; the bigger challenge comes with honouring the culture through the ingredients and techniques used, and the spiritual and emotional connections made. Steve says he wants to create food that gives back to the creator, honours the ancestors, and connects Indigenous people with their culture. To do this, he uses spiritually important ingredients and elements like sage, tobacco, and fire in his recipes. He might set sage on fire over a piece of meat. This infuses it with an aroma that's subtle, but meaningful; incorporating smudging into a culinary setting might allow an Indigenous student to feel a sense of familiarity and comfort that otherwise might not be found in such an environment.
In adapting Indigenous practices and foods to a modern culinary context, some difficult questions have arisen, questions like, can spiritual herbs be used as ingredients? How much does the culinary institution have to change to adapt and allow a project like this to happen?
These are not easy questions to answer, but Steve is dedicated to wading through the challenges with the hands-on practicality of a chef, and with the determination and passion of a person taking on the monumental task of bringing 500 years of cultural knowledge to the fore. Despite the struggles, Chef Watson considers his work valuable and worth the effort. Passing on knowledge is incredibly important to Indigenous culture, and that's exactly what he's doing. He's making people smile by feeding their minds, bodies, and souls. And that's something worth working to achieve.
Chef Watson offers catering though the 1491 menu, often at cost. Check out the Kitchens of Commonwealth for more information.
Chew on This! takes place every other Wednesday from 5:30 to 6:00 pm at the South Osborne Farmers' Market (725 Kylemore Ave.). Childminding is available through our kids craft table.
Our next Chew on This! will be next week on July 24th from 5:30-6:00pm with sourdough baker Cora Wiens of Eadha Bread to talk about how she uses her small but radical food-based business as a way to support the members of the queer and other marginalized communities.
Chew on This #1: June 27th, 2019
Speaker: Audrey Logan
Written by Claire Heidenreich
Chew on This! is a bi-weekly mini speaker series hosted at the South Osborne Farmers' Market that aims to bring market-goers and local food champions together with the idea that a market should be a meeting place and a place of critical ideas as well as commerce.
Last week, our market had our first Chew on This! speaker come and talk with market-goers. Audrey Logan is a Nehiyaw/métis woman from Northern Alberta who runs and teaches out of a permaculture garden in West Broadway using traditional knowledge methods. We were honoured to have her come and share her wisdom and experience on food security, food sovereignty, and Indigenous rights.
Audrey grew up in a time of change, when people were transitioning from farm to city life, from buying food from outdoor markets to buying from grocery stores, and from fresh, whole foods to heavily processed products. Audrey believes that much valuable knowledge has been lost in this transition. She can still recount the days where food was a community endeavour. People shopped at co-ops, and farmers and gardeners saved and shared seeds, independent from outside seed companies.
By the time Audrey came to Winnipeg, things had changed significantly. The culture around food had changed. Food was no longer something that came from and stayed in the local community. Food deserts were common. Open-air food markets were illegal, and have been until more recent years. Audrey suggests the cause of this was a combination of food safety taken too far, classism, and strong pushback from corporate interest groups wishing to limit competition. She recounts a time where she had to buy fresh, local eggs and milk illegally in discrete locations from cautious individuals. Food rules in Canada were, and often still are, strict, and designed for large industrial operations, poorly suited to small, local operations, which often find these rules and regulations difficult to impossible to meet. Many of these issues are still present today, and they affect marginalized groups the most.
Audrey then spoke about current food security and food sovereignty issues facing Indigenous communities. Food security and access to fresh and nutritious food is a struggle for many Indigenous people in northern communities. The land is marginal and poorly suited to growing food, legal restrictions and lost knowledge hinder hunting and gathering, and the food available in grocery stores is overpriced and low in nutritional value. Junk food receives corporate funding to stock shelves at northern company stores, which often have monopolies on the local food supply, allowing them to set prices as they please. This leaves Indigenous people in northern communities with few food options other than nutrient-poor, processed food.
So where do these issues stem from? Why do many Indigenous people still struggle with food security? Audrey explains Indigenous history, and some of the policies implemented early during the colonisation of Canada, with far-reaching effects still influencing food security in vulnerable populations today.
Many of the issues began with the implementation of the Indian Act in 1876, which regulates how reserves and bands operate, and legally defines who is or is not recognized as an "Indian". This act contained many injustices and policies that led to gender discrimination, residential schools, the pushing of Indigenous people onto marginal land, and the suppression and loss of culture and religion. This act also led the way to many other racist and oppressive policies. In terms of food security, the main policy used to halt and suppress flourishing Indigenous economic and agricultural growth and development was the Peasant Farming Policy, implemented by the Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Hayter Reed (Audrey wryly pointed out the ironic accuracy of the name "hater"). Though Indigenous people had previously been successful farmers (both prior to colonization and after), this policy aimed to reduce their status to that of peasants by limiting their options and opportunities. Indigenous people were prevented from using modern farming equipment, and a Pass system prevented free movement into and out of reserves, making it impossible for them to access mills or market their already limited harvest. Over the years, other obstacles stacked up against Indigenous food security. Many Indigenous farmers were further driven out of the industry by the formation of the Wheat Board, while the Severance Bill restricted the land they could own, and without valuable farm equipment, they had no collateral to borrow money from the bank. Essentially, only non-natives were allowed to farm in Canada.
Thus a culture that had not previously struggled with food insecurity, and had proven to be skilled and successful at agricultural practices were limited and forced into hardship and deprivation. The consequences of this have since spread and now affect other vulnerable populations, and many of the archaic laws are still in effect. In 1995 the permit system was technically rescinded, though some reserves still struggle against it. Audrey tells an example of a Saskatchewan reserves that was denied the opportunity to get potatoes on their land or taken off the reserve, and the farm was shut down. It remains illegal to share food between reserves. Audrey has also noticed how the Noxious Weed Act can unfairly hurt Indigenous people by making it illegal to grow native plants, including those used for medicinal, spiritual, or cultural purposes. She believes these laws stem from an attempt to stop Indigenous people from gathering in farmer's fields. And the social harms caused in years past have created cultural barriers to the transition towards food security. Religion forced on children in residential schools taught them to stay off the land, to not look to it as a source of sustenance and support. Traditional knowledge was lost from the separations of families, and now many Indigenous people have difficulties learning how to hunt and gather, and support themselves with traditional practices. Audrey sees a culture of victim blaming surrounding current-day Indigenous issues, where people believe that the solutions are simple, and Indigenous communities are just inadequately skilled or motivated to find them. "It's like breaking someone's leg and then complaining they're limping".
There are many challenges facing Indigenous and other vulnerable populations in terms of food security and food sovereignty. But there is hope moving forward. We now have a number of farmers markets, operating out in the open, completely legal. That's progress, in Audrey's opinion. She emphasizes that there are also many ways individuals can help: she suggests that people educate themselves on food security issues and where they stem from, and then speak out about it. Call out racism towards Indigenous people, and educate them on the barriers faced by Indigenous communities. When politicians come to your door this election season, ask them about food security and Indigenous rights. Demand policies that are accessible. Many Indigenous people are on disability, and struggle to support themselves. Support local farmers that can have personal relationships with people, and can be flexible for vulnerable populations, like allowing them to help out at the farm in exchange for food. Directly supporting small, local family farms increases food security for all of us. We can reform the communities broken by transition, and adapt them to our modern, urban world. And we can achieve food security.
Today Audrey cares for, teaches from, and feeds herself in part from a permaculture garden in west Broadway. The garden was built atop gravel, and has been building soil for years. A no till, no weed, no water method of growing provides a low-maintenance operation. She works with nature instead of against it, trusting it to provide for her needs. Sometimes this means eating things others normally wouldn't, like thistles, but Audrey is grateful for ways the garden has helped her. Living on processed food from the grocery store, she experienced many regular flare-ups from chronic illness. Living off the garden has helped her feel healthier and more energized. It's provided her with food security, which is what her garden is all about. She shares her knowledge and her harvest with others struggling to feed themselves, building the community that's needed for healthy, sustainable food systems.
Audrey has much more knowledge to share, if you would like to learn more from her, drop by and help out in the garden. You might find her working the soil with her natural, multi-purpose deer antler gardening tools, which she finds connects her to the spirit of the deer, whose nibbles on vegetation encourages the sprouting of fresh new growth. Come out on Wednesdays at 7pm, and Saturdays at 10am, to 545 Broadway, where you can help things grow, and learn some amazing things. If you want to help Audrey and others struggling with food security, you can donate to the Good Food Club here.
Together, we can learn, grow, and change for the better.
Chew on This! takes place every other Wednesday from 5:30 to 6:00 pm at the South Osborne Farmers' Market (725 Kylemore Ave.). Childminding is available through our kids craft table.
Our next Chew on This! will be next week on July 10th from 5:30-6:00pm with Chef Steve Watson of Commonwealth College to talk about his work incorporating Indigenous foods into a culinary arts program.
March 2020


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Tag Archives: portland
If you're looking for a reason to eat at Grand Central Bakery, here it is
In the recent dust-up over a local coffee shop's signs about (and surcharge for) paid sick days, you might have missed this, from the owners of Grand Central Bakery: Continue reading
Posted in Paid sick days Tagged Grand Central Bakery, portland, seattle Leave a comment
Portland: Local economists back mandatory sick leave
From the Portland Business Journal: Portland State University economics professor Mary King and 13 co-signatories have written a letter of support for the city's mandatory sick leave proposal. Introduced as testimony as part of a raucous public hearing yesterday, the … Continue reading
Posted in In the news, Paid sick days Tagged everybody benefits oregon, portland, portland business journal Leave a comment

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SCARBOROUGH, ON – Warden Woods Community Centre Friendship Club and I.R.I.E. Program are proud to honour our veterans from around the world with a memorable event called "We Will Not Forget".
On Wednesday, November 13, 2013, two staple programs for seniors in the southwest Scarborough area will come together to profile, educate and reflect with veterans from Jamaica, Guyana and the historic Second World War. The event will take place at Warden Woods Community Centre at 74 Firvalley Court and as a token of thanks, a free lunch will be provided to all veterans with a valid K-Number.
The Friendship Club is a weekly older adult and seniors program that builds bonds through social activities for the mind, body and soul. The I.R.I.E. Program is a Caribbean and West Indian weekly social program for older adults and seniors to build relationships through activities that preserve the culture. It was important to combine the two programs for such a monumental event to provide education and awareness to all about the individuals that have left their place of origin to become a Canadian Veteran and dedicate their time to speak to children, adults and seniors about their experiences.
The "We Will Not Forget" Remembrance Day Luncheon promises to be a heartfelt salute to those who serve or have served their countries in uniform.


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The Tyler Clementi Foundation is thrilled to announce that singer, songwriter, actress, and performance artist Bridget Barkan will perform at this year's Upstander Legacy Celebration on Monday, November 14th. Read on to learn more about Bridget and how her song "Danger Heart" can change hearts and minds.
As a life-long actress, did you always know you wanted to perform music?
It all started with music for me. It was the sounds of my songwriter father having rehearsals in the living room or playing piano and writing songs. It would make me dance and sing along. I loved classical music and opera and, of course, musicals. I believe it was always music that led me to the art of performance. I have audio tapes of me at 3 years old, improvising story songs for hours. I actually called them "Bridget's Story Songs." I think being able to express myself and feel others' expressions in a musical way is experiencing some kind of magic, some celestial moment.
TCF believes in the power of music to change hearts and mind. We think you do, too! Tell us about a performance or song that helped change you, or perhaps helped shape you as an artist.
There are two moments in my life that I think defined what music and performance can manifest and evolve within us for me and what I wanted to create with it. One, was seeing Lily Tomlin's one woman show Search for signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe. There is this one moment, at the very end of the show, after we are taken on this journey of characters, through heartbreak, revolution and questions about human consciousness and a giant mirror comes down and covers the whole stage so that the audience was actually looking at themselves. There was an awakening I felt, that it was about "us," that it was about human emotion connecting us all together and that the people were the art. It blew my mind. Funny enough, the other moment is also connected to this idea of reflection. When I first heard Michael Jackson's "Man in the Mirror." That song was on repeat for months. I love art that opens us up to the universal connection and that can lead to personal or communal healing.
"Danger Heart" is a powerful anthem in support of individuality, to standing strong when others look to hold you down (see it below). Will you share with us the inspiration behind it?
It was written about one of my best friends and collaborators, Dusty Childers. He told me a story about growing up as a young, gay boy in South Carolina. He described this one moment with his father that completely had me in tears. They were driving in his Dad's pick up truck when his father turned down the radio and told him that he knew life was going to be tough for him where they lived so he was taking him to buy clothes for school. Button down shirts, polo shirts, khaki pants. He told him that he just had to make it through high school, then leave this town and never look back. But he told him that he loved him no matter what and that he could rely on him. Dusty did leave his hometown and can be seen throughout New York City in the most beautiful caftans and dresses, adorned with jewelry and headdresses. He truly has the biggest most beautiful 'danger heart.' But the song started to take on a lot of meaning, even for me and my own struggles and what I am fighting for in my life. Also, connecting to so many different people and their journey of being "outsiders" or feeling unaccepted or in actual danger for being who they are. It connected to the transgender community, to Black Lives Matter, to abuse and rape survivors, to people struggling with addiction and beyond. It's truly for all people who are fighting for love, loving for love and standing for what they believe in.
"Danger Heart" makes a reference to being 18. Knowing how the internet can amplify bullying language and behavior, what advice do you wish someone would give today's 18 year-olds to help keep them safe and kind online?
I have been working with teens in detention for the last year, doing songwriting workshops. I began using the principles of Peace, Love and Power. Speak with peace, act with love and together, we create power. And these are the intentions we set for the songs we write. This would be the intention I would put forth to all youth for the song that is their life. It's difficult because the online culture is full of constant criticism. This platform which is an opportunity for complete expression is empowering in some ways and then, also very harmful. We have the freedom to critique our government or police forces, but then, the cruelty can be so overwhelming. I think if we can create a way for people (not just teens, but all people) to see themselves in others, this can help the movement for inclusion and community. "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." The golden rule never fails. I also think I would share with them the very important need to disconnect from social media and get back into the real world. I believe we lose compassion the more we stay stuck behind a screen.
Don't miss your chance to catch Bridget live! Buy your ULC tickets before the event is sold out.
Can't attend? Make a gift in honor of Bridget to help us end bullying!
Bridget Barkan is a native New Yorker who has been working since birth. From childhood, Barkan has been inspired by both the stage shows of Whoopi Goldberg, Lily Tomlin and Laurie Anderson and the music of artists ranging from Joni Mitchell to Erykah Badu. As a singer, Barkan has toured the world with pop/glam band the Scissor Sisters, opening for Lady Gaga, sung with Lily Allen, and recorded with legendary house DJ and producer Todd Terry in addition to releasing her own albums and singles. Follow Bridget Barkan on Facebook, Twitter or visit her website.
The views or experiences expressed are solely those of the contributor or interview subject and do not represent the views of the Tyler Clementi Foundation, its staff or board. If you have any questions or concerns regarding the material, please contact the Tyler Clementi Foundation, and we appreciate your support and commitment to end bullying starting on #Day1.


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- Birth of Legislature in India
- Provision of Ordinance
- Portfolio system
There are three organs of government:
- Judiciary
- Executive
- Legislature
While executive and judiciary came into existence during company rule specially through Cornwallis code in 1793 but Legislature got its birth from act of 1861.
The most revolutionary provision of act of 1861 was birth of legislature in India. Legislature is soul of democracy. The term of member of legislature was 2 years, members of legislature were nominated by British government and no powers were given to legislature at that time. Although it was revolutionary beginning but then Indian legislature of 1861 was like a court of a king, it was not a body of people representative along with it there was no legal provision for entry of Indians into legislature. Although the flatterers of British raj were given place in it for e.g. Maharaja digvijay singh of balrampur.
It was revolutionary beginning as soul of democracy was born by this act but Indians were ousted from their government and this was pain for educated middle class.
Positive Impact: Birth of Legislature in India which was a great constitutional development of that time
Dissatisfaction: Indians were refrained from their own Government
The next important feature of act of 1861 was provision of ordinance i.e. one of the important feature of Indian constitution. Ordinance is that law when parliament is in vacation and government faces any emergency at that time then government has right to issue ordinance but then after parliament returns it is up to the parliament whether ordinance will prevail or not. It will be decided by the 2/3rd majority of parliament. Ultimately it is the people's will which survive in parliament as the people in parliament are their representatives.
But act of 1861 gave ordinance making power to governor general and there was no check on it so it was up to governor general till what time he wants the ordinance to be continued and this turned governor general into despot.
Positive Impact: Provision of Ordinance
Dissatisfaction: Governor General turned into a despot and he was not answerable for his acts done in India to the British government
Portfolio system was also new feature of act of 1861 although it was proposed by Lord Canning, viceroy of India at that time but it got placed in act of 1861. In portfolio system the allotment of different departments to individual minister e.g. home ministry, law ministry, finance ministry etc. it also gave new dimension to Indian polity but the pain for Indians was that Indians were not given a single department.
Positive Impact: New dimension to Indian polity was given by this act
Dissatisfaction: No departments were given Indian in their country
Revolt of 1857 has ended traditional leadership in India so there was political vacuum and the new group i.e. educated middle class got a shock by act of 1858 and faith was shattered by act of 1861 in this reaction educated middle class appeared on political platform of India and modern India is the outcome of this educated middle class. The story of opposition by educated middle class towards British Empire starts with organization like East India association formed by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 in London and Indian association by surrender nath Banerjee and Anand Mohan Bose in 1876 in Bengal and these organizations started demanding their political rights from british government and it laid down seed for freedom struggle in india.
From 1860 to 1880 Britain faced twin threats
- Internal threat
- External threat
Internal threat
Emerging tide of freedom struggle began in India by the educated middle class like Dadabhai naoroji, surrender nath Banerjee, with the help of their organizations
External threat
Birth of new industrialized nation like Germany, japan and Italy because they can target indie to fulfill their emerging needs of raw material for their growing industrial sector.
So to handle this twin threats British Government appointed its "ablest" personality in India i.e. Lord Lytton. So next article will be on Lord Lytton
In HISTORY


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Hall of Fame Honorees
John Stone
Poet and essayist John Henry Stone is a four-time Georgia Writer of the Year, as well as an honored emeritus professor of cardiology at the Emory University School of Medicine.
"To enter Stone's poetry is to enter the territory of the heart," David Bottoms, Georgia's poet laureate, has said. "He is one of the few contemporary poets who actually tries to show us why life is worth living. Reading the poems of John Stone is like getting a house call from an eminent physician of the spirit."
The Mississippi-born Stone came to poetry before medicine, having edited his high school and college literary magazines before taking his medical degree at Washington University (St. Louis). At around the same time that he joined the Emory medical school faculty in 1969, Stone attended the Bread Loaf Writers Conference in Vermont, where he would serve as physician for three summers. His first book of poetry, The Smell of Matches, was published by Rutgers University Press in 1972. Widely anthologized, his poems have appeared in such publications as Poetry, The American Scholar, The New York Quarterly, The Georgia Review, The Southern Review, New England Review, and Poetry Northwest. Successive collections of poetry -- In All This Rain, Renaming the Streets, Where Water Begins, and Music from Apartment 8 -- appeared in 1980, 1985, 1998 and 2004, respectively.
The twenty-three essays of In the Country of Hearts: Journeys in the Art of Medicine (1990) earned Stone his fourth Georgia Writer of the Year Award, his first for nonfiction. Since 1991, Stone has co-edited On Doctoring, an anthology of literature and medicine presented to every student entering a U.S. medical school. Of the relationship between literature and medicine, Stone believes physicians and poets share an identical duty to listen to life and, by doing so, to find each story anew. In Stone's words, it is the duty "to be astonished."
Repeatedly honored for his teaching at Emory, Stone has given guest lectures at over 150 institutions, including Yale, Stanford, Johns Hopkins, Virginia, Tulane, Vanderbilt, Brown, and the Mayo Clinic. In 1992, Georgia Governor Zell Miller presented him with the Governor's Award in the Humanities. John Stone died of cancer in Atlanta, November 6, 2008.
The following titles may be found in the Hall of Fame Library:
In All This Rain. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980.
In the Country of Hearts: Journeys in the Art of Medicine. New York: Delacorte Press, 1990.
In the Country of Hearts: Journeys in the Art of Medicine. New York: Dell Publishers,1992.
In the Country of Hearts: Journeys in the Art of Medicine. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996.
January. A Flight of Birds. Winston-Salem: Palaemon Press, 1983.
Music From Apartment 8. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004.
On Doctoring: Stories, Poems and Essays. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.
Renaming the Streets. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985.
The Smell of Matches. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1972.
The Smell of Matches. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.
Where Water Begins: New Poems and Prose. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998.
Additional Links
- The New Georgia Encyclopedia (new window)


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The Occupational Safety & Health Administration reports that more than 4.1 million employees suffer from workplace illnesses or injuries each year. Additionally, 12 workers die from workplace accidents and illnesses every day. Some employers use safety-related interview questions to determine if a job candidate recognizes the importance of workplace safety, or whether the candidate presents a risk to the organization.
OSHA estimates that direct workers' compensation payments cost employers nearly $1 billion per week. Workplace injuries also have indirect costs, such as lost productivity and the cost of training someone to replace the injured employee. Asking safety-related questions during an interview can help employers avoid hiring employees who engage in risky behaviors or ignore safety policies.
Interviewers typically ask open-ended questions when asking job candidates about safety issues. Open-ended questions encourage candidates to give detailed responses rather than answering "yes" or "no." Some interviewers also use the STAR -- situation, task, action and results -- approach to interviewing. This type of question requires candidates to describe specific situations or tasks they were asked to complete. Then they explain the actions they took and the results produced by these actions. For example, a candidate might describe a time when she reported a coworker for failing to follow safety procedures. Then, she would explain what happened as a result of her report.
Examples of Interview Questions
Job seekers should prepare for safety-related interview questions by reviewing sample questions and formulating detailed answers. An interviewer might ask candidates whether they have had any specific safety training or if they have served on workplace safety committees. Candidates should provide details about the training events they attended and describe what they learned at each event. Some interviewers ask candidates to explain how they follow safety rules at work. This gives candidates the opportunity to demonstrate knowledge of basic safety practices.
Candidate Questions
Candidates should demonstrate an interest in workplace safety by asking interviewers several safety-related questions. Ask the interviewer if you will receive safety training or if there are any workplace hazards you should know about before you are hired. Candidates should also ask about the safety responsibilities involved with the job. If the interviewer takes you on a tour of the facility, ask about the locations of first aid kits and fire extinguishers. These questions help to demonstrate your commitment to workplace safety.
Safety-related questions help interviewers to gather information about candidates, but they are not foolproof. Well-prepared candidates may provide excellent answers that do not reflect their true feelings about safety policies and training programs. Hiring managers should use other tools -- such as pre-employment drug tests, background checks and reference checks -- to assess each candidate thoroughly. Interviewers must also adhere to federal and state employment laws when asking questions related to workplace accidents and injuries. An interviewer should never ask candidates if they have filed workers' compensation claims or been injured on the job, for example.
References (5)
- OSHA: Injury and Illness Prevention Programs
- Occupational Safety & Health Administration: Making the Business Case for Safety and Health
- The American Society of Safety Engineers: Interviewing for Safety
- Work Safe Alberta: 10 Questions to Ask Your Employer
- University of New Hampshire: Conducting Interviews Legally
Photo Credits
- Creatas Images/Creatas/Getty Images


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This is the Friday lecture given by Shaykh Yaser Birjas at the Islamic Center of Ann Arbor in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Please listen to it, and share it with others. He will be back at the Ann Arbor Mosque on Sunday December 12th, 2010.
The lecture was the introduction to the Seminar that he taught at the University of Michigan-Dearborn, arranged by the Qabeelah Ittehad, known as "The Prophet's Smile."
Note: This lecture is in English, just to mention this that traditionally an Islamic speech/lecture starts in Arabic in a particular format. So please wait a minute until the actual lecture starts in English 🙂
Shaykh Yaser Birjas is originally from Palestine. He received his Bachelors degree from Islamic University of Madinah in 1996 in Fiqh & Usool, graduating as the class valedictorian. After graduating, he went on to work as a youth counselor and relief program aide in war-torn Bosnia. Thereafter, he immigrated to the U.S. and currently resides in Dallas, Texas. He is also an instructor at AlMaghrib Institute, where he teaches popular seminars such as Fiqh of Love, The Code Evolved, and Heavenly Hues.
The seminar was a great experience, and it was about the Prophet Muhammad as a human. It was about his Shama'il (characteristics) rather than his Seerah (historical events).
Al-Shama'il al-Muhammadia (the characteristics of Muhammad) is a study of the characteristics, traits, and attributes of the Prophet, peace be upon him. These characteristics include, and are not restricted to, his physical demeanor, his character/ manners, and those things which were exclusive to him. [The note book of the Seminar]


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Toward harmonization of internal and external dimensions of the European energy policy
Improvements of the European Union energy policy and further development of integrated energy strategies at the supranational level was one of the principal goals set by Latvia for its presidency of the Council of the European Union in the first half of 2015. Accordingly, inauguration of a common framework for internal and external dimensions of EU policy centered around the notion of a 'concerted voice' of 28 member states.
Even though internal and external dimensions of the EU energy policy have numerous points of convergence, until recently a clear strategic vision on how they should function in unison was absent. In order to correct the situation and develop such a vision and corresponding action plans, the creation of the European Energy Union (EEU) in accordance with the 'Riga process' was initiated and approved.
The Riga process, officially launched at the EEU conference held in Riga on February 6, 2015, is a set of political procedures leading to the establishment of unified European energy policy strategies formulated in 'A Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change Policy' (the Strategy). As defined at the conference, internal and external dimensions of the EU energy policy should be optimally balanced in five key areas: energy security and solidarity, full integration of internal markets, energy efficiency, decarbonization of the economy and research and innovations/improvement of the EU energy global competitiveness.
The current political and legal framework of the EU energy sector indeed consists of the two above mentioned dimensions, which are interconnected yet not fully integrated.
The first internal dimension almost exclusively covers domestic energy issues addressing both conventional and renewable generation, harmonization of the regulatory environment, enhancement of cross-border energy infrastructure within the EU and full integration of the internal energy markets of natural gas and electricity. The core of the first dimension is The Third Energy Package and all national energy laws made or amended in accordance with it.
The second dimension, in turn, deals with external affairs, including reliable primary energy and electricity supplies from 3rd countries, regional interconnections of energy infrastructure between EU and non-EU members and intergovernmental agreements (IGA) on the purchase of natural gas. This dimension is represented in several crucial bilateral cooperation initiatives like the EU-US and the EU-Russia partnerships, and one principal multilateral initiative - The European Energy Charter Treaty (EECT) that already provides general guidelines for cooperation between the EU and other industrialised countries. The establishment of the EEU has given rise to many questions on how internal and external dimensions of the EU energy policy actually will be harmonized in practice: which areas of activities will be prioritized and what political, legal and consumers benefits related consequences can be expected, at least in electricity and natural gas sectors.
Taking into account the principles set in Riga, the first, most likely political consequence for these sectors will be the increasing role of supranational guidance in further market integration and development..
In the field of legislation, however, this necessitates a process of revising existing legal strategies toward both regulatory supervision of the electricity and natural gas sectors of member states, with an increasing role of The Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) and a decreasing role of national regulators, and regulations for coordinated efforts with regards to IGAs in the natural gas sector. Currently IGAs are negotiated directly between the member states and external suppliers with no regulations or other legally binding documents in place for pre-agreement consultation procedures with the EU authorities. The possibility of the establishment of a pan-European natural gas trading hub to replace the currently existing national/regional hubs cannot be excluded, either.
In the electricity sector, legal consequences might include but are not limited to requirements regarding synchronicity areas of member states' transmission systems, fully avoiding their synchronization with non-EU areas (de facto elimination of so called 'energy islands' such as the Baltic States), and strengthening rules and procedures applicable to cross-border electricity exchange and system balancing between member states and 3rd countries. Of course, such requirements would have a direct impact on the domestic electricity production industry, transmission system operators (TSO) and to a certain degree - transmission system stability. Moreover, it could result in creation of single EU electricity exchange platform, replacing the currently fragmented regional electricity exchanges, which, in most cases, are independent on privately owned enterprises (for example, the Nordic - Baltic electricity exchange Nord Pool Spot).
All the above mentioned actions would naturally impact existing EU bilateral and multilateral cooperation initiatives with external partners, and require revision of negotiation principles in order to include these political and regulatory novelties.
Finally, as the statement of affordable energy pricing for EU customers permeates the EEU strategies at all levels, it is reasonable to expect that said initiatives will directly address this issue. And indeed, ongoing harmonization, enhancement of integration of internal energy markets and regulatory environments as well as increasing security of supply in imports of natural gas through supranational coordinated IGAs or even a single EU natural gas contracting strategy will definitely benefit consumers in terms of predictable price setting schemes both in mid and long terms periods. It will also lead to minimization of risk of geopolitically or otherwise driven disruptions of energy supplies, and more transparent internal market functionality under stronger centralized regulatory supervision.
Image: Lukasz Radziejewski, CC BY-SA
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The European Energy Union and the Riga process
April 2, 2015 | 00:00
Toward harmonization of internal and external dimensions of the European energy policy Improvements of the European Union energy policy and further development of integrated energy strategies at the supranational level was one of the principal goals set by Latvia for its presidency of the Council of the European Union in the first half of 2015. Accordingly, inauguration of a common framework for internal and external dimensions of EU policy c...
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And success looks a little bit different to every incoming student, every new graduate, every established alum. At Colorado State, we create the environment, learning resources, and experiences students need to realize their visions. Our grads leave campus with everything they need to achieve their dreams.
Welcome to
Our State.
亚洲欧美国产综合aV-高清国语自产拍-成av人欧美大片-精品国产自在自线-天天看高清影视在线WWW-小鬼hd-指针资源-福利视频-福利导航-福利电影Our State is Colorado, but Rams are built on a global scale. We unite in Fort Collins, where our diverse backgrounds, cultures, and experiences strengthen our community. True to our land-grant beginnings, we're focused on practical solutions for today and tomorrow.
There's something special about Fort Collins.
亚洲欧美国产综合aV-高清国语自产拍-成av人欧美大片-精品国产自在自线-天天看高清影视在线WWW-小鬼hd-指针资源-福利视频-福利导航-福利电影It's a mix of innovation, education, and recreation that makes our state possible.
Let your passion guide you.
At Colorado State, we observe and advance our world with curiosity and passion.
It's this simple: Rams succeed.
Our grads earn the futures of their dreams. Learn more about the CSU Effect.
One visit to campus and you'll see.
亚洲欧美国产综合aV-高清国语自产拍-成av人欧美大片-精品国产自在自线-天天看高清影视在线WWW-小鬼hd-指针资源-福利视频-福利导航-福利电影Our vibrant and active community is uncommonly welcoming and friendly.
Colorado State.
Our eight colleges offer a lifetime of learning and exploration. Choose your passion; we're sure to share it with you.
Click on a college to read more.
Choose the
CSU for You.
All paths lead to Fort Collins. Whatever your next step, Colorado State has a program for you.
New to college or transferring from another school? See the majors and programs we have to offer.
Fort Collins, Colorado, everywhere. Browse our fully online degree offerings.
Take the next step to your future with Colorado State. Investigate our graduate programs.
We're pushing the world forward with inquiry and research that matters. Learn more about our research.
Find Your State.
亚洲欧美国产综合aV-高清国语自产拍-成av人欧美大片-精品国产自在自线-天天看高清影视在线WWW-小鬼hd-指针资源-福利视频-福利导航-福利电影Finding your state isn't about fitting into a mold. It's about combining your unique skills, passions and experiences with something bigger than yourself.
亚洲欧美国产综合aV-高清国语自产拍-成av人欧美大片-精品国产自在自线-天天看高清影视在线WWW-小鬼hd-指针资源-福利视频-福利导航-福利电影This is your invitation to Find Your State.


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NAS PAX River Air Show – Warbird Radio LIVE! – Episode 608
WARBIRD RADIO – It's an all star line-up on this episode: Astronaut / air show aviator Joe Edwards, B-25 guy Larry Kelley and Sea Harrier aviator Art Nalls, plus Lt. Clayton Martin to tell us what's in store for the NAS PAX River air show and open house. Tune this evening (10/11/16) at 8pm ET for the LIVE broadcast. The podcast will immediately follow.
As always, your calls and comments are welcome!
QUICK LINK: PAX River Air Show
SKYPE: warbirdradio
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Subscribe: Android | Google Podcasts | RSS
Culpeper Air Fest & Red Baron Home Visit – Warbird Radio LIVE! – Episode 607
WARBIRD RADIO – On this episode Matt's joined by Dan Haug from Culpeper Air Fest and our WWI expert J.R. Williams who's fresh back from a visit to the Red Baron's home. Dan Haug and his team have put together what's being called the "best little air show on the east coast". The all-star cast of performers can be seen by using the Quick Link posted below.
Showtime is 8pm ET this Tuesday 10/4/16. Call in and join the conversation .
QUICK LINK: Culpeper Air Fest
SKYPE: warbirdradio
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Subscribe: Android | Google Podcasts | RSS


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Airbnb in Amsterdam
Every dot is the first time an apartment is rented out, with the name of the owner.Read more
Every dot is the first time an apartment is rented out, with the name of the owner.Read more
This map shows how long it takes to get somewhere in the Netherlands by train and bicycle (18 km/h). WhereRead more
This map shows the ranges of neighbourhood street quotes in Amsterdam. The neighbourhood street quote is used to calculate theRead more
The best buildings marked in purple. Via amsterdam.nlRead more
Smallholder farming is the most prevalent form of agriculture in the world, supports many of the planet's most vulnerable populations,Read more
Ranking the U.S. states by fiscal condition. This ranking of the 50 states is based on their fiscal solvency inRead more
Wyoming and West Virginia follow New Jersey as the number two and three states with the highest percentage of workersRead more
The most common №1 autocomplete for each state. Via hostgator.comRead more


text: What is the relationship between knowledge produced in the university and the circulation of ideas among a broader public, between academic expertise on the one hand and non-professionalized ways of knowing and thinking on the other? This seminar provides an introduction to various institutional relations and to the modes of inquiry, interpretation, and presentation by which practitioners in the humanities seek to invigorate the flow of information and ideas among a public more broadly conceived than the academy, its classrooms, and its exclusive readership of specialists. The course is organized around the six pillars (topical concentrations) structuring the public humanities program at Yale: museums and collections; space and place; history and the public; public art; documentary; digital humanities. In addition to core readings and discussions, the seminar includes presentations by practitioners who are currently engaged in different aspects of the public humanities. Participants also collaborate in developing an installation and virtual exhibit devoted to some aspect(s) of New Haven culture, politics, history, etc.


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- dave pike set: at studio 2
(2016, 2cd, ger, b.free records 6227/6228)
Dave Pike's quartet had Frank Zappa's 'Mother People' on their setlist in the late sixties / early seventies. It even got released on their excellent "Noisy Silence - Gentle Noise" album in 1969.
This recent "At Studio 2" release, has the recordings from a concert from March 1971 in Cologne (DE).
It includes a superb 18-minutes of 'Mother People'. Arranged by guitarist Volker Kriegel.


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Friday, December 28, 2012
A Peek Into the Business Side of Online Publishing (Video)
Mark Westlake is the Chief Revenue Office for TechMediaNetwork. Slashdot has often taken a mediawatch role, especially when it comes to technology coverage -- which is what TechMediaNetork does for a living. As Chief Revenue Office, Mark is in charge of making sure enough money comes in to pay writers and editors, pay for bandwidth and servers, and hopefully have enough revenue over and above expenses to show a profit. We've interviewed editors and writers, and plenty of writers' work gets linked from Slashdot, but we pay little or no (mostly no) attention to the business side of the publishing business. Like it or not, if we are going to have online news someone has to sell the ads and make decisions about whether to set up a paywall or not. That's Mark's job.
3 comments:
The future of e-commerce...sometime soon, all things that will be seen on the internet will require some form of payment.ReplyDelete
"Like it or not, if we are going to have online news someone has to sell the ads and make decisions about whether to set up a paywall or not." - correct. News and any form of media production get their money from ads. In the online world, they can't assure that they'll get advertisers to advertise in their site. Since the online world is growing, in the future, we'll have to pay for everything online. Nothing will be free anymore.ReplyDelete
I'm enjoying these spam posts. They're probably all from one paid spammer promoting multiple clients. Such a sad way to get inbound links!ReplyDelete
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Articles at InventorSpot.com
For Tomorrow's Diabetics: Can Human Skin Cells Make Insulin?by M Dee Dubroff
DreamScreen Makes Your TV Totally Awesomeby Paul Fitzgerald
Pack More And Still Have A Full Camping Set With Sea To Summit Kitchen Camping Gearby Samantha Pankey
Vegan Star Wars Shoes: Olsenhaus, The Force and The Jediby M Dee Dubroff
Invention Of The Week? Teslasuit Lets You Feel What You Playby Paul Fitzgerald
Tech Giants Fund GRAIL: New Early Detection Cancer Blood Testby Marjorie Dorfman
Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos from Amazon.com have donated $1 million to fund Grail, a company that has developed a new blood test that will allow an even earlier detection of many kinds of cancer than that which is currently available. Read on for more information about this amazing boon to the health of all mankind.
Dumbell 1/2 Keeps You And Your Home Decor Looking Goodby Samantha Pankey
Fashion Designer J.W. Anderson: Far Out and Yet Inby M Dee Dubroff
Motorcycle Seats With EMF Shields Designed For Thwarting Cancerby Rebecca West
Infant Warmer 'Embrace Nest' Protects Low-Birth-Weight Babiesby Rebecca West
VSSL Flashlights Will Give You More Than Just Lightby Samantha Pankey
DIY 55-Watt Solar Light Bulb From An Ordinary Bottle Of Waterby Rebecca West
Tsū Social Network Kicks Off First POWERBALL Office Pool For Users (Updated)by Ron Callari
Tiny Wearable Power Supercapacitor Packs High Density Chargeby M Dee Dubroff
Invention Of The Week? New Earthquake-Proof Bed Could Help Save Livesby Paul Fitzgerald
Controlling The Weather With Lasers, Can It Be Done?by Rebecca West
Ultra Long Distance Wheelchair Is A Stylish, Lightweight Design That Will Go The Distanceby Samantha Pankey
eReader Apps vs. Dedicated eReaders: Why eReader Apps Come Out On Topby Brilliant
Reading your books on a mobile device is a life changer for anyone who loves reading books. But there is one serious drawback with electronic devices that are dedicated to books. Normally have to buy a completely new machine in order to join the eReader community. If you're like many folks, you are finding that your home is becoming ever more cluttered with more expensive electronic devices. And your pocket and bags are already laden with various devices you need to lug around. Luckily, there's another option! You can try reading your favorite books using the smartphone you already own and drop having to buy and use a dedicated book reader altogether.


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Security Receptionist & Concierge Services
In any business, First impressions are vital
As the first point of contact for visitors, our Security staff will provide friendly and professional service in welcoming public, guests or residents to your building. They have extensive experience in customer service and are fully security trained and licensed to carry out their duties professionally.
Reception, Front of house and Concierge security is fully customised to clients specifications and requirements.
We understand the importance of maintaining a professional image that compliments the image of your company and for that reason we select the officers most suited to a client's needs. They receive site-specific training and instructions to operate to your own procedures. We ensure the same guards are kept on their regular sites for continuity and good working relationships, to embrace the culture and gaining corporate knowledge.
Our service include CCTV watch, check Control access points, check visitor credentials, guide people in and out of buildings and keep fire exits and walkways clear.
When any incidents do arise, they are resolved quickly and with the minimum of disruption.
Search and Screening
Screening people and their beloings at entry points can help reduce the likelihood of explosive devices, weapons and other hazardours or prohibited items or materials brought into buildings and sites.
Omnia Security guards can regularly conduct internal and external building patrols checking windows, doors, gates, looking for signs of intrusion or criminal damage.
Open and Close
We can open and close the bulding to your requirements at the start and end of the working day, taking responsibility for ensuring the property is secure. If any problem is found, we will conduct a full inspection and the Security guard will remain on site until the event is cleared and a full report is complete.
We will produce daily report logs detailing activities, incidents and irregularities.
Mobile Supervisory visits
Each and every one of our clients will receive regular site visits from our Mobile Supervisor as part of our standard service.
For more information and to discuss your requirements, please contact us and request a free quote.


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Congratulations on your acceptance and welcome to the Bethany family!
Bethany offers numerous challenging academic programs in a friendly and supportive setting. As you prepare to make the final decision on which college to call home, we promise to guide you every step of the way and give you the resources you need to make an informed choice.
Once you've been accepted, we encourage you to make your deposit today and step up into a world of opportunity and academic fulfillment. You'll receive a packet in the mail that explain the financial aid process as well as other important considerations that you and your family will need to know about enrollment, registration, Freshman Orientation, and other details.
But before all that happens, enjoy the moment…you're a Bethany student!


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Zero waste - how to achieve it?
(At least) 10 Tips and Tricks to Go Zero Waste
Ten is a small number when there are so many tips and tricks.
Each one of them is as easy as the next one to use, even in our part of the world. Wanna bet? ;)
1. Use cloth handkerchiefs instead of paper ones wrapped in packaging. There's an idea for a nice present for someone.
2. Use dishcloths instead of kitchen paper towels. Trust us, kitchen paper towels are not as indispensable as you might think.
3. Instead of using plastic containers for your leftovers, try using metal or glass ones. It's healthier!
4. Always carry with you glass or stainless steel water bottles or reusable cups. Having your juice out of a plastic cup
with a plastic straw or sipping your coffee out of a Styrofoam cup is not as healthy as you might think.
5. Instead of using aluminum foil, cover the containers with leftover food with plates.
That's all the more reason for you to think of a cool new recipe and polish off what's left more quickly.
6. Pay your bills online as often as possible and choose to receive them via email instead of your mailbox.
You'll save money and paper this way.
7. Don't take flyers that are being handed to you at shopping malls. Do you even need them?
Put a sign on your mailbox saying that you don't want any special offer flyers.
8. Don't buy newspapers. And the ones you already have you can use as wrapping paper.
9. If you feel like you need to give someone a tangible present, at least get one that's not producing more waste
(steam iron, toys and picture books that use batteries, etc.).
10. Don't take ATM slips. You can see your account balance on the screen.
11. You don't believe in magic? Try cleaning your faucet with baking soda and vinegar!
And, your bathtub, sink and mirror, too.
12. Buy in bulk and stay away from packaged products! Buy local and seasonal products!
13. There's no point staying away from packaged products if you end up putting them in plastic bags.
Always have with you at least one tote bag.
14. Switch from pads and tampons to menstrual cups. You will feel rejuvenated. We guarantee it! ;)
15. Try making your own toothpaste and soap.
16. To contribute to a greener environment, walk or cycle, or take the bus whenever you can…
riding the bus is better than taking the car.
17. Try making a compost pile. You can even throw in hairs or floor sweepings.
Start from the thing that seems the easiest to you. Soon enough you'll be hooked. And, don't forget to share your knowledge with your friends and family! That's the only way to go zero waste!
This is how Bea Johnson does it:
1. Refuse or say No to what you don't need.
Take your coffee-to-go or the freshly squeezed orange juice in your own cup or bottle and ask the waiter to pack the leftovers from your lunch with your colleagues in your own container. Avoid freebies – do you want them because you need them or because they come for free? Don't take leaflets just so you'd toss them in the nearest bin and write down on your mailbox that you don't want junk mail. It doesn't seem that difficult, right?
2. Reduce what you need.
Before going shopping, always make a list and think twice if you really need another pair of jeans or sneakers. Do you really use all of the kitchen appliances you have? Do you really need the myriad of cleaning products when you can let
the vinegar and the baking soda do their magic? Why stuff your living space with furnishings and home decor, which make house cleaning harder when you can donate that money instead or pay for your German or yoga course?
3. Reuse what you don't need.
Buy secondhand, replace plastic bags with cloth ones and keep away from packaged items. Would you dare to avoid the paper bag and buy bread in a pillowcase or cheese in a food container that you bring with you?
4. Recycle what you cannot refuse, reduce or reuse.
There shouldn't be much left.
5. Rot everything else.
Turn fruit and vegetable peels, hairs and floor sweepings in a compost and use
it to green your balconies, your friend's garden or the lawn that's in front of your building.
So, what's the first thing you'll do?
What you have missed from our first newsletter:
The concept of Zero Waste has developed as a reaction against the consumerist society which incessantly fuels the insatiable human nature to the detriment
of human dignity, natural resources
and the environment as a whole, leaving us, as an eternal inheritance, piles of waste that cannot be endlessly recycled even in the most developed economies.
It uses nature as a model because there is no waste in nature. Since achieving Zero Waste depends on products and processes whose components can be dismantled, repaired and/or recycled – not burned or buried – waste-free living is not only ethical and visionary but also efficient and economical: it does not only bring health benefits and considerable time and money savings but also holds a great potential for linking communities, businesses and industries.
Adopted by a growing community as a personal philosophy, the Zero Waste concept defies the entire social system of making, consuming and disposing
of stuff by teaching us to refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle and rot.
Exciting, right?


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Rule of Law News
September 26, 2011
INPROL is pleased to announce three new INPROL partner organizations: the Strategic Police Matters Unit of the Organization for Security and Cooperation (OSCE) in Europe; the Institute for International Law and Human Rights; and the Program in Comparative Legal Studies and Post Conflict Justice at William & Mary Law School.
The OSCE Strategic Police Matters Unit (SPMU), based at the...
September 26, 2011
Many INPROL members working in conflict zones often deal with legal issues around civil wars, the use of force by armed groups, and protections of individuals caught in armed conflict. These are governed by International Humanitarian Law. For those working in countries with where Islamic Law is applied, the issues of International Humanitarian Law are even more complex. Dr. Niaz A. Shah, an...
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Complete your urban living style with this beautiful sofa designed to perfectly fit modern condos and penthouses. Plus, combine the contemporary design with your choice of fabric to suit your decor.
- Made in Canada
- Eco-friendly Canadian hardwood frame
- Soy-based high density foam
- Available in a variety of fabrics
- Feather or foam seat, feather or fiber back
- Coordinating pieces of furniture available to order