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Method and apparatus for improving the color rendition of hardcopy images from electronic cameras
The present invention involves taking a three color signal produced by an electronic color image sensor, such as the Kodak KAF-1400 sensor with a 3G CFA filter, and performing additive-type color correction processing in a linear domain suitable for performing additive-type color correction. The additive-type processing can be performed by a matrix multiplier using three 3 element correction equations. The linear color corrected signals are converted into a domain, such as the log domain, suitable for performing subtractive-type color correction. Subtractive-type color correction is performed using three 3 element correction equations, or three 9 element correction equations. The color corrected sigtnals are then converted to an appropriate format for input to a color printer. To reduce noise enhancement problems, the color correction is performed on lowpass color signals, and the color corrected lowpass signals are combined with the original high frequency color signals. To enhance the sharpness of the color print, edge enhancement is performed in a three color enhancement space using an appropriately quantized and filtered green color signal, and coring and clipping type noise removal.
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This application is related to U.S. applications Ser. No. 07/208,302 filed Jun. 17, 1988 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,896,207 and Ser. No. 07/346,861 filed May 3, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,001,663, Ser. No. 07/310,456 filed Feb. 13, 1989 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,962,419 and Ser. No. 07/388,451 filed Aug. 2, 1989 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,053,866, all incorporated by reference herein.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to color image reproduction apparatus and associated methods. More particularly, the invention relates to an imaging system that produces hardcopy images from scenes captured by an electronic camera, and which provides signal processing to improve the color rendition and image quality of the hardcopy images.
2. Description of the Related Art
The two fundamental methods of producing color images are the subtractive method and the additive method. In the subtractive method, image dyes are used to modulate, by absorption, the transmitted or reflected light of the viewing illuminant. In the silver-halide-based photographic system, for example, cyan, magenta and yellow image dyes are used to modulate red, green, and blue light, respectively. In the additive method, modulated intensities of (typically red, green, and blue) lights, known as primaries, are combined to form the color image. One example of a system using the additive method is color television. In this system, the image is typically displayed on a cathode ray tube (CRT). The image on the CRT is produced by modulating the intensities of red, green and blue light-emitting phosphors. The phosphors are therefore the primaries of the system. The signals which modulate the CRT are derived from a set of three linear color image-bearing signals which are typically produced in a television camera using tube or charge coupled device (CCD) sensors. The linear camera signals vary in linear proportion to the sensor exposure levels. For example, if the sensor exposure doubles, the level of the linear signal doubles.
Additive color theory shows that a set of ideal camera spectral sensitivities, called color-matching functions, can be determined based on the primaries of the system. If a camera could be produced with these spectral sensitivities, no further color correction would be required. It can be shown, however, that color-matching functions of any set of realizable primaries will contain negative values, corresponding to areas of negative spectral sensitivity. In practice, then, some electronic signal processing is used to improve color reproduction. The color correction appropriate for such systems is called additive-type color correction. Typically, the linear red, green and blue image-bearing signals in the color camera are linearly combined to form modified red, green, and blue image-bearing signals in such a way as to improve the color reproduction of the CRT display. Both additive color theory and the type of additive color correction used in television systems are discussed in detail in such texts as Principles Of Color Television, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1956, incorporated by reference herein.
In the subtractive color photographic system, the displayed photographic image is produced by cyan, magneta, and yellow image dyes. The amounts of the image dyes in the displayed image are based on the exposures originally recorded, as a latent image, by the light-sensitive emulsions of the camera film. In existing subtractive systems, the primaries can be referred to as "unstable", in that changes in the dye concentration of a single dye result in changes in chromaticity. Therefore, unlike the additive system, unique primaries for such systems cannot be determined and thus no set of corresponding color-matching functions can be associated with the set of image dyes. As a result, the color correction appropriate for this type of system is complex. In typical photographic systems, color correction is provided by interlayer interimage effects which adjust the formation of cyan, magenta, and yellow dyes. Due to the nature of the photographic system, these interlayer interimage effects produce adjustments that are non-linearly related to the exposures recorded in the latent image. This type of color correction, which we will refer to as subtractive-type correction, is discussed in detail in such texts as The Theory Of The Photographic Process, MacMillian Publishing Co., Inc. 1977 incorporated by reference herein.
Color imaging systems have been developed which utilize both additive and subtractive elements. For example, telecine systems have been proposed to convert color film images into color television signals. Telecine systems are discussed in The Roll Of Film In The Film-Plus-Telecine System: Considerations About Telecine Design, SMPTE Journal, Vol. 87, September 1978. The appropriate color processing for a telecine would include subtractive-type processing, to correct for the characteristics of the film, followed by additive-type processing, to correct for the characteristics of the television system.
A fundamentally different type of color imaging system which combines both additive and subtractive elements is electronic still photography. In such a system, images are captured using electronic cameras similar to television cameras and viewed on a video display, however, the resulting signals can be used to produce hardcopy images. Presently available electronic photography systems use the still video floppy recording standard and produce "video-quality" images. In this type of system, the output is optimized for presentation on the video display and the video optimized signals are applied directly (without modification) to the hard copy device. The video quality images may be acceptable for today's video display, but prints from still video floppy systems are poor in image resolution and color rendition compared to prints from consumer 35 mm cameras.
To produce a higher quality electronic still photography system, both the resolution and the color reproduction of the hardcopy images must be improved. This invention describes unique signal processing which improves the color reproduction by using a novel method of subtractive-type color processing which attempts to stabilize the primaries associated with the image dyes used to produce the hard copy images, preceded by additive-type processing which attempts to correct the camera sensitivities appropriately for the stabilized primaries. The signal processing further improves the image quality of the hard copy images by performing edge enhancement in parallel with the color correction operations in such a way as to minimize the introduction of undesirable noise and artifacts.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved color imaging system.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide methods and means for improved signal processing in a color imaging system.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a system which will combine additive-type followed by subtractive-type processing operations while performing the processing operations in suitable processing domains.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a system which will convert a scene captured electronically into a color hardcopy image.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide color signal processing that attempts to stabilize the subtractive primaries of the hardcopy media and correct for the spectral sensitivities of the electronic sensor that captures a scene.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide edge enhancement in a processing system incorporating both additive-type and subtractive-type color processing.
The present invention accomplishes the above objects by taking the three color signals produced by an electronic color image sensing means and performing additive-type color correction processing in a domain suitable for correcting additive color signals, converting the linear corrected signals into a domain suitable for performing subtractive-type color correction, performing subtractive color correction processing and providing the corrected signals to a color printer. To further enhance the quality of the hardcopy image, edge enhancement is performed on a transformed green color signal derived prior to the color correction processing.
These improvements together with other objects and advantages which will be subsequentially apparent, reside in the details of construction and operation as more fully hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph used for linear to log conversion;
FIG. 3 depicts the detailed processing steps of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates the noise removal curve used to remove noise from the edge enhanced data;
FIG. 5 is a conversion curve for converting from log exposure to density;
FIG. 6 illustrates a system for converting images captured by different cameras into prints by different format printers;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the effective responsitivities of the red, green, and blue photosites of the preferred embodiment of the image sensing means;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the spectral dye densities of the cyan, magneta and yellow dyes at the preferred embodiment of the image printing means; and
FIG. 9 illustrates a second system for converting images captured by different sensors into prints by different printers.DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the present invention, a scene, which can be a live scene or a scene fixed on a tangible medium such as a color print, is captured by a color image sensing and signal processing unit 12, processed by a color processing unit 14, and supplied to a hardcopy printer 16 which produces a color print 18 directly on photographic or thermal print media.
The color image sensing and signal processing unit 12 is preferably a color camera with a single megapixel sensor such as the Kodak KAF-1400 sensor which is a frame transfer charge coupled device (CCD) imager with 1035 active vertical photosites and 1320 active horizontal photosites. The sensor plane image is formed with an appropriate lens such as a 25 mm Kodak Cine-Ektar lens. It is preferred that the sensor include a color filter array (CFA) such as the Kodak 3G CFA which is formed by depositing color dyes on the photosites of the CCD image sensor to form red, green, and blue photosites. An infrared block filter, preferably a model BG-39 filter made by Schott Optical Glass, Inc., Duryea, Pa., is preferably positioned between the lens and the image sensor. The effective red, green, and blue responsitivities of the lens-filters-sensor combination are shown in FIG. 7. The unit 12 includes the appropriate amplifiers and analog to digital converters necessary to produce linearly quantized conventional tri-color red, green, and blue (RGB) signals. The unit 12 could alternately be a conventional three tube or three CCD color camera which produces digital tri-color signals.
The color processing unit 14 is preferably a general purpose computer such as a SUN 3/280 computer or an Apple Macintosh II family personal computer. A general purpose computer is convenient because it will allow the color processing unit 14 to be easily reconfigured for different types of sensing units 12 and printers 16 as will be discussed in more detail with respect to FIG. 6. However, as discussed later herein, an appropriate hardwired unit 14 can be constructed from components such as matrix multipliers and memories if speed and/or size is important. The color processing unit 14 could also be part of the color camera 12, part of the printer 16, could be split between both the camera and printer, or could be provided in a separate unit which could interface to a number of different cameras and a number of different printers.
The preferred hardcopy printer is a Kodak XL-7700 printer, and the print media 18 is preferably Kodak Electronic Print paper, although other types of printers or media are suitable substitutes.
The color processing unit 14 performs three major functions for converting the electronic image into suitable signals for producing a high-quality color print.
The first step or function is additive-type color correction processing 20 which alters the effective camera sensitivities to better match the theoretical color-matching functions corresponding to the primaries associated with the imaging dye set of a hardcopy medium. This type of processing, 20, is performed in a linear space (the linear space of the sensor) using color correction formulas as set forth in equations 1-3:
Ra=a11R+a12G+a13B (1)
Ga=a21R+a22G+a23B (2)
Ba=a31R+a32G+a33B (3)
where R, G and B are the digital tri-color signal values for each pixel from unit 12, Ra, Ga and Ba are the color corrected RGB signals, and the constants anm of equations 1-3 are set forth in the matrix table 1 set forth below:
MATRIX TABLE 1 ______________________________________ m anm 1 2 3 ______________________________________ 1 1.573 -0.347 -0.226 n 2 0.103 0.880 0.018 3 -0.059 0.020 1.038 ______________________________________
A different set of constants would be used if the system employed other camera sensitivities or image forming dyes. If the camera sensitivities are not a linear combination of the theoretical color matching functions associated with the imaging dyes, it may be advantageous to perform the additive color correction using higher ordered equations. As can be seen from the above arrangement of the equations in matrix form, arithmetic matrix operations are preferably the way in which the additive color corrected digital signals are produced. If the present invention is implemented in a hardwired version rather than in a general purpose processor, a matrix multiplication circuit or unit such as disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 07/346,861 is preferred. It is of course possible to replace the operations of the computer or matrix multiplier with a three dimensional table look-up unit such as a ROM (Read Only Memory). Such a memory would use the input RGB data as addresses to color corrected values stored in the memory.
The color correction processing 20 produces linear color signals that must be converted 22 from an additive-type processing space or domain to a space appropriate for subtractive-type color correction processing. In the preferred embodiment, this is accomplished using formulas such as set forth in equations 4 and 5:
OUT.sub.10 =(IN.sub.10 .times.16) for IN.sub.10 <12 (4)
OUT.sub.10 =(1023/log.sub.10 255).times.log.sub.10 (((254.times.IN.sub.10)/1023)+1) for IN.sub.10 .gtoreq.12 (5)
where IN is the input color data value and OUT is the output color data value. Equations 4 and 5 are suitable for 10 bit linear to 10 bit logarithmic conversion over a dynamic range of 255:1. Because the slope of linear to log transformations at very low values is steep, two equations are used to avoid large steps at low digital signal values. When speed is of the essence it is also possible to provide a lookup table type conversion unit for the range of possible values, which will result in a table with the relationships between input and output shown in FIG. 2. This table (preferably a ROM) would have stored OUT.sub.10 values with the value IN.sub.10 being the index or address applied to the ROM.
Once the color signals are converted 22 into the log domain, the third step is log space subtractive-type color correction processing 24 which attempts to stabilize the primaries associated with the image dyes used to form the print. The subtractive-type processing 24 is performed in accordance with equations 6, 7 and 8 below:
Rs=s11Ra+s12Ga+s13Ba (6)
Gs=s21Ra+s22Ga+s23Ba (7)
Bs=s31Ra+s32Ga+s33Ba (8)
where Ra, Ga and Ba are the linear to log converted values from the additive-type correction output, Rs, Gs and Bs are the output color signals from the subtractive-type correction, and snm are constants as set forth in matrix table 2 below:
MATRIX TABLE 2 ______________________________________ m snm 1 2 3 ______________________________________ 1 1.414 -0.463 0.049 n 2 -0.820 2.623 -0.803 3 0.138 -1.258 2.120 ______________________________________
A different set of constants would be used if the system employed other camera sensitivities or image forming dyes. In like manner as described above it is preferable that matrix arithmetic be used in executing equations 9-11 and if a hardwired circuit or unit is implemented that the implementation be in accordance with the circuit described in U.S. application Ser. No. 07/346,861. Once again, a ROM three-dimensional look-up table could be used. It is also possible to perform the log color correction processing using higher order equations such as equations 9-11:
Rs=s11Ra+s12Ga+s13Ba+s14Ra.sup.2 +s15RaGa+s16RaBa (9)
Gs=s21Ra+s22Ga+s23Ba+s24Ga.sup.2 +s25GaRa+s26GaBa (10)
Bs=s31Ra+s32Ga+s33Ba+s34Ba.sup.2 +s35BaRa+s36BaGa (11)
where Ra, Ga and Ba are the linear to log converted values from the additive-type correction output, Rs, Gs and Bs are the output color signals from the subtractive-type correction, and snm are constants as set forth in matrix table 3 below:
MATRIX TABLE 3 ______________________________________ snm 1 2 3 4 5 6 ______________________________________ n1 1.060 -.033 -0.027 .169 -0.204 0.036 2 -0.638 1.632 0.006 .515 -0.088 -0.427 3 -0.043 0.032 1.011 .622 0.093 -.0715 ______________________________________
Once again the constants would be different if the system employed other sensitivities and dyes. The subtractive-type color correction provided by using higher order equations such as equations 9-11 generally provides some further improvement in color reproduction, compared to using the subtractive-type color correction provided by equations 6-8, but is more complex to implement. In general, it is advantageous to use higher order equations if the print material being used has unwanted non-linear interlayer interimage effects. It may also be advantageous to use the higher order equations for the subtractive-type color correction in a system in which the camera sensitivities are not linear combinations of the theoretical color matching functions associated with the imaging dyes and in which only a 3 by 3 matrix has been used for the implementation of the additive-type color correction. Higher order processing in the additive-type color correction is also possible.
The output of the subtractive color correction processing 24 is converted into the proper format and metric required by the printer 16. If the printer produces a print image with a greater or lesser number of pixels than provided by the color sensor of the unit 12, the output must be converted to have the correct number of pixels and the correct orientation for the printer. This can be done using well-known image interpolation and image rotation techniques.
In the color processing operations, both the additive-type and subtractive-type arithmetic operations can be increased in speed by processing with fewer than the 9 terms used in the equations 1-3 and 6-8, with some slight decrease in color reproduction quality, by eliminating the matrix terms which are nearly zero, for example, by setting either or both the a23 term of matrix table 1 or the s13 term of matrix table 2 to zero and eliminating those terms from the computations.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention also incorporates edge enhancement processing as illustrated in FIG. 3. Electronic edge enhancement is a process which boosts the amplitude of the high spatial frequencies in the image. It is similar to photographic unsharp masking techniques used in graphic arts, but is much more flexible and controllable. There are different types of edge enhancement algorithms which vary in performance and complexity and the preferred edge enhancement procedure will be discussed in more detail with respect to FIG. 3.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, the camera 30 produces tricolor data which can be processed by an optional defect concealment algorithm or unit 32 which, for example, averages the two closest non-defective horizontal pixels of the same color and substitutes the average for the defective pixel values, and through an optional data compression storage and decompression unit 34. If the preferred Kodak 3G CFA is used, the sparsely-sampled red, green and blue image records must undergo interpolation to produce complete red, green, and blue image records in the interpolation unit 36. The details of the processing associated with a 3G CFA for producing the full RGB image data are discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,971,065; 4,605,956; and 4,663,661 and U.S. application Ser. No. 07/208,302 filed Jun. 17, 1988 and incorporated by reference herein. The result of the interpolation is three complete image records of linear RGB data. In general, the digital processing steps used to interpolate the missing RGB pixels are: 1. Interpolate the missing green pixels in linear space using a symmetric vertical FIR filter with tap weights (0.21,-0.55, 0.84,.times.0.84, -0.55, 0.21) where .times. indicates the vertical location of the missing green pixel. 2. Convert the RGB values from linear to log space and calculate the hue values at the missing green pixel locations where the hue values are (log R-log G.sub.missing) and (log B-log G.sub.missing). Linearly interpolate the missing hue values and add the log G values at the interpolated hue locations to calculate interpolated log R and log B values for the missing red and blue pixels. 3. Convert the log R, log G, and log B signals back to linear space.
Since electronic color processing typically increases noise, the color processing is done on a low pass filtered version of the image. The coefficients for the two dimensional 9 tap finite impulse response (FIR) filter operation 38 for both horizontal and vertical are preferably (0.0375, 0.089644, 0.125, 0.160355, 0.175, 0.160355, 0.125, 0.89644, 0.375) though other low pass filters can be used. The low pass filtered signals are inverted and added to the unfiltered RGB data by an adder 40 to produce high frequency RGB data. Once the low pass filtered RGB data has been linearly corrected 20, converted into the log domain 22, corrected in the log domain 24 and converted back to the linear domain 42 using the inverse of equations 7 and 8, the high frequency RGB data is combined with the color corrected RGB data by an adder 44. Next, the linear RGB data is converted 46 into an enhancement space using equations 12 and 13:
OUT10=0.07787*IN10 for IN10<9 (12)
OUT10=1023*((1.16*(IN10/1023)**0.33)-0.16) for IN10>=9 (13)
where IN10 is each of the individual RGB color corrected data values from adder 44, and OUT10 is the corresponding output RGB signal value from the enhancement space converter 46. Equations 12 and 13 are based on the CIELAB L*space equation described in CIE Publication 15, "Colorimetry", 1971 incorporated by reference herein.
The green data separated out of the linear RGB data from the interpolator 36 is also converted 48 into the enhancement space using the same equation. The preferred edge enhancement algorithm uses separable horizontal and vertical filters to produce horizontal and vertical detail signals. Other more sophisticated edge enhancement and noise reduction techniques can of course be used. In the preferred process, detail signal filters are designed to correct the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the electronic system to be approximately unity up to about half the sensor Nyquist frequency and then roll off gradually to zero at the Nyquist frequency. The first step is to separately perform horizontal 50 and vertical 52 equalizing bandpass filtering. When producing 3.0.times.5.0 inch prints, both the horizontal and vertical FIR filter coefficients can be set to (-0.088, 0.196, -0.575, 0.054, 1.825, 0.054, -0.575, 0.196, -0.088) and if 8.0.times.10.0 inch prints are produced, both the horizontal and vertical FIR filter coefficients can be set to (-0.150, 0.266, -0.450, -0.016, 1.700, -0.016, -0.450, 0.266, -0.150). The vertical signal is then low pass filtered 54 in the horizontal direction using an FIR filter with coefficients (0.25, 0.5, 0.25). This filtering prevents diagonal spatial frequencies from being doubly-enhanced. Before the horizontal and vertical signals are recombined, horizontal 56 and vertical 58 noise removal operations are performed. This operation is known as coring and clipping where coring is an operation in which very small detail signals are set equal to zero, since they are probably noise, and clipping involves limiting large signal details to a small value to prevent large edge transitions from looking unnatural. The noise removal operation is preferably performed using a lookup table programmed in accordance with the clipping and coring function illustrated in FIG. 4 and discussed in more detail in the related application having U.S. Ser. No. 07/310,456. Once the noise created by the edge enhancement of the green data is removed, the vertical and horizontal components are combined using an adder 60. The adder 60 produces a single edge enhancement signal which is combined by adder 62 with each of the RGB data signals. The final processing step is to convert the RGB data signal outputs from adder 62 into a data metric appropriate for interfacing to the printer. In this preferred embodiment, the RGB enhancement data is first converted 64 into log exposure values using an equation which is equivalent to applying equations 4-5 to the output of the inverse of equations 12-13, or using a lookup table programmed in accordance with these equations.
The log exposure values are converted 66 into density values suitable for the print media being used by printer 68. This can be accomplished using lookup tables which performs a conversion in accordance with the conversion curves 80, 82 and 84 as illustrated in FIG. 5, or appropriate equations can be used for the conversion. The look-up tables for curves 80, 82 and 84 for this conversion correspond to the red, green and blue (respectively) density versus log relative exposure curves appropriate for reproduction on the Kodak Electronic Print film of the preferred embodiment. The RGB output values from converter 66 are presented to the inputs of printer 68, which is calibrated according to the teachings of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/388,451. The print is produced using cyan, magenta, and yellow dyes having the spectral densities shown in FIG. 8.
Because the present invention is preferably implemented in a computer, care must be taken to make sure that the appropriate portions of the image are correspondingly processed. If the captured image is considered to have i and j indices corresponding to the two dimensional sensor pixels, then at each processing stage the corresponding indices should be used. For example, the correctly indexed color corrected value should be combined with the correct color enhancement value from adder 60.
An adaptive system capable of handling many different types of cameras and many different types of hardcopy devices and media is illustrated in FIG. 6. In this embodiment of the invention, each color camera 102, 104 and 106 utilizes the same linear additive-type color correction block 108 in the unit 112, which is programmed with the matrix co-efficient set stored in selectable storage 110 appropriate for the camera 102, 104 and 106, and the printer 122, 124 and 126 used. That is, the storage 110 contains nine groups of coefficients divided into sets of three, each set corresponds to a camera and is used when the corresponding camera is selected by a device such as switch 107. The switch 107 could, of course, be implemented in software and be, for example, a file retrieval or communication program that obtains the picture data for the corresponding camera. The storage 110 could be magnetic (disk) or electronic (RAM) memory which is accessible by a control program or could be a switched device such as a ROM. A single domain conversion block 114 for converting from the linear to log domains supplies the converted data to a subtractive-type color correction block 116, which is programmed with the matrix coefficient set in storage 120 appropriate for the camera 102, 104 and 106 and the printer 122, 124 and 126 and media used. This storage 120 also holds nine groups of coefficients divided into three sets corresponding to the printers and should be of the same type as storage 110. Of course, the blocks 108, 114 and 116 perform the operations previously described and could be hardware such as matrix multipliers or software running in a computer. This system can provide proper color correction for images from various different cameras, produced using various different printers and print media.
A second system capable of handling many different types of cameras and many different types of hardcopy devices is shown in FIG. 9. In this embodiment, the color correction processing is divided between the cameras, 194, 196 and 198 and the printing units 230, 232 and 234. In this embodiment each of the color sensors 202, 204 and 206 has a corresponding additive color correction processor 208, 210 and 212. Each of the printers 222, 224 and 226 also has a corresponding subtractive color correction processor 216, 218 and 220. The domain conversion processing could reside in either the processors 208, 210 and 212 on the camera side or in the processors 216, 218 and 220 on the printing unit side. By providing such an arrangement the signal transmitted over line 214 can be standardized. This allows units such as shown in FIGS. 6 to operate with any camera, printer and media. By dividing the color correction processing as discussed above, optimum color processing can be used for each individual camera and hardcopy output device. Proper processing of the signals by each camera ensures that all camera output signals conform to those of a defined reference camera. Proper processing of the signals received by each output device ensures that each device achieves optimum color reproduction from signals corresponding to those provided by the defined reference camera. This arrangement allows signals from different types of cameras to provide input to different types of hardcopy devices and media.
The systems described in the preferred embodiments are capable of producing high quality color images, significantly improved relative to known prior art electronic still photography systems. Comparable results can typically be achieved for cameras having spectral sensitivities which differ from those shown in FIG. 7, if appropriate adjustments are made to matrix table 1. The overall accuracy of the color reproduction of the system will depend, in part, on the degree to which the spectral sensitivities correspond to a set of color-matching functions. In cases where the camera sensitivities are not linearly related to a set of color-matching functions, it may be advantageous to use higher-order equations similar to equations 9-11, in place of equations 1-3, to perform the additive-type color correction. Comparable results can also be achieved for different printers or hardcopy media if appropriate adjustments are made to matrix table 2 or table 3 and conversion unit 66 of FIG. 3. The gamut of reproducible colors will, of course, be limited by the gamut of the imaging dyes of the hardcopy medium.
The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed specification and thus it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope thereof. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to falling within the scope of the invention. For example the disclosure has indicated that only the green data is subjected to edge enhancement processing and this signal is then combined with all three of the red, green, blue data signals. The green data was selected for the edge enhancement because in a camera using the 3G CFA, the green signal carries most of the actual image detail and the red and blue signals are primarily interpolated signals. It is possible, if a three sensor camera is used and if sufficient processing speed and memory capacity is available, for all three color signals to be used for edge enhancement. Of course, a separate luminance channel could instead be used for edge enhancement. The invention has been described with respect to additive-type color correction being performed in a linear domain and subtractive-type color correction being performed in a log domain. It is possible to perform the additive-type and subtractive-type processing in other domains. For example, with appropriate conversion, the subtractive-type processing can be performed in a linear domain such as the domain used for edge enhancement, as defined in equations (12) and (13). While the preferred embodiments have been described in relation to the production of print images, it is also possible to use the methods disclosed to produce images on film for either direct viewing or photographic printing.
1. An apparatus for converting an image into a color print, comprising:
- a color camera producing RGB data;
- a two dimensional lowpass filter connected to said camera;
- a linear correction unit connected to said two dimensional low pass filter;
- a log conversion unit connected to said linear correction unit;
- a log correction unit connected to said log conversion unit;
- a linear conversion unit connected to said log correction unit;
- a first adder connected to said sensor and said two dimensional lowpass filter;
- a second adder connected to said linear conversion unit and said second adder;
- a first enhancement conversion unit connected to said camera;
- a vertical bandpass filter connected to said first enhancement conversion unit;
- a second low pass filter connected to said vertical band pass filter;
- a vertical noise removal unit connected to said second low pass filter;
- a horizontal bandpass filter connected to said first enhancement conversion unit;
- a horizontal noise removal unit connected to said horizontal bandpass filter;
- a third adder connected to said vertical and horizontal noise removal units;
- a second enhancement conversion unit connected to said second adder;
- a fourth adder connected to said third adder and said second enhancement conversion unit;
- a log exposure conversion unit connected to said fourth adder;
- a density conversion unit connected to said log exposure conversion unit; and
- a thermal printer connected to said density conversion unit.
2. An apparatus, comprising:
- an electronic camera, including at least one image sensor, producing color signals;
- correction means for performing additive-type color correction processing of the color signals and subtractive-type color correction processing of the additive color corrected signals thereby producing color corrected signals, wherein said color correction means performs two dimensional low pass filtering before color correction processing and combines low pass filtered color corrected signals with high frequency color signals, and wherein said correction means performs edge enhancement of the color corrected signals prior to imprinting; and
- color image fixing means for imprinting the color corrected signals on a tangible imprinting medium.
3. An apparatus, comprising:
- an electronic camera, including at least one image sensor, producing color signals;
- correction means for performing additive-type color correction processing of the color signals and subtractive-type color correction processing of the additive color corrected signals producing color corrected signals, said color correction means comprised of:
- a) domain conversion means for converting the additive color corrected signals into log additive color corrected signals;
- b) linear color correction means for performing the additive color correction processing in a linear domain;
- c) log color correction means for performing subtractive color processing in a log domain;
- a two dimensional low pass filter, connected between said image sensor and said correction means, producing low pass filtered color signals; and
- color image fixing means for imprinting the color corrected signals on a tangible imprinting medium.
4. An apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein said linear color correction means further comprises:
- a first adder, connected to said sensor and said low pass filter, and adding the color signals to inverted low pass filtered color signals to produce high frequency color signals;
- log-to-linear conversion means for converting log domain color corrected signals into linear color corrected signals; and
- a second adder, connected to said log-to-linear conversion means and said first adder and combining the high frequency color signals with the linear color corrected signals.
5. A method as recited in claim 4, further comprising the steps of:
- (e) performing edge enhancement of the color signals; and
- (f) combining the edge enhancement color signals with the combined color corrected and high frequency color signals.
6. An apparatus, comprising:
- an electronic camera, including at least one image sensor, producing color signals;
- correction means for performing additive-type color correction processing of the color signals and subtractive-type color correction processing of the additive color corrected signals producing color corrected signals, said correction means performing edge enhancement of the color corrected signals prior to imprinting;
- conversion means for converting the color corrected signals and one of the color signals into an enhancement domain;
- filtering means for bandpass filtering the one of the color signals;
- noise removal means for removing noise from the one of the filtered color signals;
- combining means for combining the noise removed filtered color signal with the color corrected signals; and
- color image fixing means for imprinting the color corrected signals on a tangible imprinting medium.
7. A method of processing color signals, comprising the steps of:
- (a) performing linear space color correction of the color signals;
- (b) performing log space color correction of the color signals subsequent to the linear space correction;
- (c) splitting the color signals into low and high frequency color signals, said linear and log space correction being performed on said low frequency color signals; and
- (d) combining color corrected signals with the high frequency color signals.
|April 1974
|Kosaka et al.
|August 9, 1983
|October 11, 1983
|Eichler et al.
|July 7, 1987
|October 25, 1988
|January 1, 1991
|Katoh et al.
|September 3, 1991
|September 17, 1991
|March 1988
- The Theory of the Photographic Process, 4th edition, "Tone and Color Reproduction" pp. 536-577. Karel Staes, SMPTE Journal, vol. 87, Sep. 1978, "The Role of Film in the Film-Plus-Telecine System: Considerations About Telecine Design", pp. 565-573. Eduard Wagensonner, "Architecture of a Digital Scanner Printer System for Colour Images" (no date). Principles of Color Television, The Hazeltine Laboratories Staff (no date). LeRoy E. DeMarch and Edward J. Giorgianni, Physics Today, Sep. 1989, "Color Science For Imaging Systems", pp. 44-52. Mr. L. E. DeMarsh, Color: Theory & Imaging Systems, "Color Reproduction in Color Television" pp. 184-207 (no date). R. H. McMann, Jr. and A. A. Goldberg, Journal of the SMPTE, vol. 77, Mar. 1968, "Improved Signal Processing Techniques for Color Television Broadcasting", pp. 221-228. Leroy E. DeMarsh, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, May 1977, "Color Rendition in Television", pp. 149-157. R. W. G. Hunt (Fellow), I. T. Pitt, P. C. Ward, The Journal of Photographic Science, vol. 17, 1969, "The Tone Reproduction of Colour Photographic Materials" pp. 198-204. R. W. G. Hunt, British Kinematography, Sound and Television Journal, "The Effect of Viewing Conditions on Required Tone Characteristics in Colour Photography", pp. 1-8 (no date). Kenneth A. Parulski, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. ED-32, No. 8, Aug. 1985, "Color Filters and Processing Alternatives for One-Chip Cameras", pp. 1381-1389. Michael Kriss, Ken Parulski, David Lewis, Proceedings, SPIE vol. 1082, Applications of Electronic Imaging (1989) "Critical technologies for electronic still imaging systems", pp. 157-184. K. A. Parulski, L. J. D'Luna, R. H. Hibbard, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 35, No. 3, Aug. 1989, "A Digital Color CCD Imaging System Using Custom CLSI Circuits", pp. 382-388.
Type: Grant
Filed: Mar 19, 1990
Date of Patent: Feb 23, 1993
Assignee: Eastman Kodak Company (Rochester, NY)
Inventors: Kenneth A. Parulski (Rochester, NY), Donald C. Bellis, Jr. (Rochester, NY), Robert H. Hibbard (Fairport, NY), Edward J. Giorgianni (Rochester, NY), Elizabeth McInerney (Rochester, NY)
Primary Examiner: Leo H. Boudreau
Attorney: Edward Dugas
Application Number: 7/495,067
International Classification: G03F 308;


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June 1st is the start of hurricane season in South Carolina. Summer season frequently brings heavy, damp conditions, followed by furious storms. While these do have the tendency to clarify and cool things off (at least for a couple of days), extreme wind, rain, and thunderstorms also have the potential to destroy all or part of your Gainesville home. Secure your house against damage from these forces of nature with the following 7 ideas.
Fallen Trees
A raving summer windstorm is capable of splitting big branches or even uprooting whole trees, threatening nearby cars and power lines, your house (especially the roof), and your family. Take preventive action by routinely checking trees and shrubs around your home. Try to find loosely attached limbs, diseased trees, dry rot, or insect invasion. Any of these problems indicate that the tree is most likely to shed a branch or worse. Work with an expert to cut the tree or if necessary, remove it totally. Safeguard yourself against another type of risk by ensuring the tree service you call is completely insured and correctly geared up with security gear– tree removal can be risky work!
Surge Protection
Lightning can periodically cause a power surge (an uncommonly high quantity of electrical power briefly rising through the circuitry). This is not good news for your delicate electronic devices and appliances, such as computer systems, digital washing machine, and so on, which may wind up permanently damaged. Installing whole house surge protectors can avoid this situation, however, they are not foolproof. If severe weather is anticipated, unplug private devices or power strips from their outlet (don't simply turn them off).
Power interruption
Prepare for the inescapable– summertime storms frequently cause regional power outages that might take hours or even days for the energy business to remedy. Stock up on emergency lights and non-perishable, ready-to-eat food. Never utilize fuel-burning gadgets designed for outdoor usage only, such as gas or kerosene grills, inside the house due to the fact that these produce carbon monoxide, a gas which is odor free and unnoticeable yet possibly deadly. (And by the way, setting up CO alarms on every floor of your house is a fantastic way to keep your loved ones safe.) Think about purchasing a generator as a standby source of electrical power.
Roof Damage
In the middle of a rip-roaring summertime thunderstorm, you really want a great solid roofing system over your head. Check your roofing frequently, at least twice a year, along with after any severe weather, looking for buckled, broken, or missing shingles or any other signs of wear and tear. This can generally be done utilizing field glasses, with your feet planted safely on the ground. Prompt roof repair work will help keep you and your valuables dry and will help prevent the need for a more major repair further on down the line. For anybody who lives in a hurricane-prone location, roofing clips or hurricane straps can prevent a much more severe problem– having your roofing system actually blown off by the force of the wind. Call Division Kangaroof for a roof inspection before storms hit the area.
Water Leakages or Floods
Rain and floodwater that get into your home can do extreme damage to furniture, electronic devices, and other valuables, in addition to the structure of your house itself. Ward them off by sealing fractures in places like the foundation and walls, beside doors and windows, and on the roof around the chimney and vent pipes. Clear dead leaves or other debris from your rain gutters and downspouts, so that even a relentless downpour will be directed away from the structure of your house. If you have a basement, defend against flooding by setting up a sump pump, preferably one with an automatic wetness sensor.
Now is the time to call Division Kangaroof and schedule an appointment for:
- Roof Inspection
- Roof Repair
- Gutter Cleaning and Repair

subset: commoncrawl


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Napak fire victims start rebuilding homes
By: Steven Ariong
Napak residents have started rebuilding their homes two weeks after they were razed by fire. The fire, suspected to have been set by Karimojong boys hunting for wild rats, burnt houses in Loburapaise village, Narengemoru Parish in Ngoleriet Sub-county.
Last Monday, the Uganda Red Cross Society and the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) delivered relief and household items to the victims.
They received 100 bags of posho flour and 30 bags of beans from OPM. They also received jerricans, saucepans, blankets, plates, soap, cups and tarpaulins from the Red Cross.
Picking up the pieces Mr Paul Apun, the Loburapaise village chairperson, said they are struggling to rebuild their houses. "We have started rebuilding our houses but the challenge is where to get grass and other building materials since it's a dry season. He said several families walk more than 70 km looking for grass and poles for building the houses.
Ms Sarah Nakiru, one of the affected residents, appealed to the government to help them with cultivation materials, such as hoes and seeds, to enable them produce food to replace the food which got burnt. The district chairperson, Mr Joseph Lomonyang, asked the communities to stop bush burning, warning that more houses would be burnt if they do not stop the practice.


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Our Amenities
Come home to inspired living at Prospect Place in Hackensack, New Jersey. Whether you are seeking a home with supportive services and amenities, or one that is recently renovated with modern features and finishes, we have the one, two, or three bedroom apartment you need to live better now. Stretch your legs in the fitness center. Cool off with a dip in the swimming pool. You can even take advantage of our onsite concierge to schedule dinner reservations for your next night out.
Let us take care of you.
Community Amenities
- Billiards Room
- Business Center
- Clubhouse
- Concierge Service
- Covered & Reserved Parking Available
- Fitness Center with Cardio Theater
- Garage Parking Available
- On-Site Management
- Outdoor Swimming Pool
- Pet-Friendly Community
- Recreation Center
- Resident Lounge
- Resident Social Activities
- Valet Dry Cleaning Service
Apartment Features
- Renovated 1, 2 & 3 Bedroom Apartments
- Granite Countertops*
- Smoke-Free Apartments
- Walk-In Closets
- In-Home Washer and Dryer
- Stainless-Steel Appliances*
- Microwave, Dishwasher, and Refrigerator Included
- Hardwood-Style Flooring
- Vaulted Ceilings*
- Private Patio or Balcony*
- City or Ramapo Mountain Views*
- Air Conditioning
*In Select Homes
The Luxury Life You Deserve
In addition to our luxury in-home features, our modern community amenities are sure to impress. Avoid purchasing those overpriced gym memberships and save some money with our state-of-the-art fitness center that features a deluxe cardio theater. To switch up the scenery, get some work done in our onsite business center and take a break to improve your finesse at our fully outfitted clubhouse with a billiards room. And our valet dry cleaning service will save you time and keep you looking your best. For more information on luxury amenities at Prospect Place, contact us today and schedule your personal tour. It's time to elevate to Hackensack's best apartments.


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At Shriners Hospitals for Children, the health and safety of our patients, families, volunteers and staff is our top priority. With the rapidly evolving situation regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we are closely monitoring updates and alerts from local health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and are actively following their recommendations.
Please note that Shriners Hospitals for Children does not administer COVID-19 testing or treatment at this time. If your child has an upcoming appointment and you or your child are exhibiting a cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath or flu like symptoms, please contact your local Shriners Hospitals for Children location to reschedule the appointment.
Screening protocol and updated policies at the Springfield Shriners Hospital.
For the latest updates about COVID-19, please visit the
CDC website.
Main Menu
516 Carew St. Springfield, MA 01104
Children with special health care needs are "those who have or are at increased risk for a chronic physical, developmental, behavioral or emotional condition, and who also require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally." (U.S. Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 2009).
Nearly one in every five children in the United States is a child with special health care needs, and about 2/3 of these have complex medical conditions that need services, including health care, public health, education, mental health, genetics, orthopaedics and social services. Achieving the best health outcomes requires a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach that integrates patient care, education, community programs and research, including the family as a key partner in decision making.
The goal of the neurodevelopmental pediatrics program at Shriners Hospitals for Children — Springfield is to provide age-appropriate consultation services for infants, toddlers, school age children and adolescents with motor, speech or social delays, developmental delay or cerebral palsy. The goal is to assess a child's development and provide education to the family regarding the current and future consequences of the condition to better prepare the family for the challenges that can be associated with complex medical conditions.
Appointments are scheduled for 60–90 minutes to provide adequate time for assessment and education. From this consultation, a written care plan is provided for families, primary care providers, schools and specialists to assist with transitional care planning across developmental periods from childhood to adulthood.
To schedule an appointment, call new patient access at 413-735-1234 or 800-322-5905.
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06 Nov
Your beautiful smile is one of the best features of your face, so take good care of it! Having a dental implant means that you have replaced one or more missing teeth in your mouth as the most effective technical solution currently available. However, you must know the care for its maintenance. Because it… Continue reading
12 Apr
The first appointment at the pediatric dentist
In Lucrecia Botella, the first visit to the dentist for children in Torrevieja can be a nightmare for many children. But you can help them evade this experience from being harrowing for your own child. There are certain habits and other approaches you can introduce to your child to help him or her be comfy… Continue reading
19 Nov
Some healthy good habits to eat for our kids
Dentists in Torrevieja have reported an alarming influx of children, sometimes even as young as 18 months, suffering from tooth decay or gum infection. Often, these conditions require invasive surgery, resulting in the loss of numerous baby teeth. The statistics are nothing to smile about. In 2014, of the 1,000 minors who underwent general… Continue reading
10 Nov
Dental Implants Against Dentures
Once upon a time, days have gone when one suffered from an embarrassment of living life with missing teeth. The world is more beautiful and modern now than earlier. In Lucrecia Botella we have many alternative dental restorative treatments. If you have lost your one or more teeth due to accidents, decays or aging,… Continue reading
27 Oct
Acidic Drinks damage children's teeth after 30 seconds
It has long been suspected that acidic beverages can have devastating effects on the health of a child's teeth, and a new study by one University has confirmed this. In fact, the study found that in just 30 seconds of consuming an acidic beverage, tooth erosion can occur. The teeth of children are more vulnerable… Continue reading
22 Oct
Diferents Dental Prosthetics
Dentistry in the area of the visible part of the tooth, the tooth crown, can be generally structured by: tooth repair, under the technical term of conservative dentistry, and dental replacement, under the technical term of prosthetics or tooth replacement. Conservative dentistry means that a tooth still present and capable of being preserved is healed… Continue reading
15 Oct
The Teeth Whitening Treatment Results
While your teeth will look amazing after your appointment, continued consumption habits and daily wear and tear will dull your shine over time. Lucrecia Botella wants to make sure that you understand the recommended timeline so that you never have to get to a point where you're unhappy with your look. For even more information… Continue reading
07 Oct
Porcelain Veneers
What are Dental Veneers? Dental veneers (sometimes called porcelain veneers or dental porcelain laminates) are wafer-thin, custom-made shells of tooth-colored materials designed to cover the front surface of teeth to improve your appearance. These shells are bonded to the front of the teeth changing their color, shape, size, or length. In Torrevieja, we… Continue reading
30 Sep
Pediatric dentist recommendations
Primary or "baby teeth" usually start to erupt or come in at around 6 months of age. The anterior or "front teeth" are the first to pop through. A child's reaction to this process can vary greatly. Restlessness, crying and red, rosy, cheeks are common and may be accompanied by a low grade fever. Chewing… Continue reading
22 Sep
Bruxism (Grinding/Clenching Teeth)
What´s Bruxism? It is when you clench or grind your teeth, commonly at night. The term clenching means tightly clamping your top and bottom teeth together, especially the back teeth. The stressful force of clenching causes pressure on the muscles, tissues and other structures around your jaw. This can lead to jaw joint disorders, jaw… Continue reading


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@ HOSS I honestly fell our current custom shop guitars are far more consisitant and superior to some of the mid-80s era Schecter guitars. SOme of those wer put together from 'kits' ... and were hit and miss. I used to own an '85 PT model which was just ok. I have played others that were just fantastic.
The P DEE (@ Adicts) was basted on our current PT Fastback model ... he played and liked it... so we sat with him and dressed it up ala Adicts. Pete wanted a Bigsby trem as a standard option too. Nice Guitar. Great Guy!


text: About us Archive news stories Emmaus South Wales takes part in the UK's largest food collection! This week staff members Lacey, Glen and Georgia alongside a Companion took part in the UK's largest food collection to become #FoodHero's, collecting food donations for FareShare and the Foodbank in their local Tesco store. This was something that staff and Companions were keen to support, knowing that the food collected would make a big difference to the 8.4 million people currently living in food poverty in the UK. To become #FoodHero's they had to volunteer for 3 hours in the local Tesco store handing out shopping lists to customers with examples of ideal items to donate and then collect these items from shoppers after they had paid. During the three hours, the team collected two large trolleys full of long life food! All of the food donated over the Food Collection weekend will now be collected and then redistributed to organisations and charities that support people in need to end food poverty. Emmaus South Wales were keen to be involved with the Food Collection, not only to raise as much food donations as possible but also to raise awareness of the charity partners, FareShare and the Foodbank. The Emmaus South Wales Community receive food deliveries from FareShare every week and not only ensures Companions have a balanced diet, but also reduces waste in the food industry. The Bridgend Foodbank also support Emmaus South Wales by donating long life food that is in catering size packages. The Tesco Food Collection started in 2012 and is part Tesco's ongoing effort to encourage customers to donate long life food to charity. Since its beginnings 6 years ago, the scheme has collected 49 million meals. This includes customer donations as well as the 20% top-up from Tesco and food donated to our permanent food collection points. The Tesco Food Collection supports two charities who are helping to feed people in need in local communities around the UK. Trussell Trust foodbanks provide three days of emergency food to individuals and families in crisis. Frontline, professional agencies like the Citizen's Advice Bureau and children centres refer people in need to their local foodbank. By donating food, you can help support local people in a simple practical way. Visit the Trussell Trust website for more details. FareShare is a UK-wide charity that redistributes food that would otherwise go to waste to charities and community groups, including homeless shelters, children's breakfast clubs, and domestic violence refuges. These organisations turn the food into nutritious meals and provide life-changing support. Visit the FareShare website to learn more. A massive thank you to every Tesco customer who donated during Emmaus South Wales' 3 hour voluntary shift. Your donation will make a big difference to peoples lives. If you didn't get chance to donate during the Food Collection weekend, don't worry! There is always a food collection at your local Tesco store, usually located at the entrance.


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With all the global environment trends and limitation of resources we face today,
recycling has become necessary to the preservation of our planet and to be able
to get the most out of our materials. Our recycling screeners, vibratory screeners and
rectangular separators are designed with durable casting and adjustable advanced
counterweights systems for a far more precise and accurate separation of materials to be recycled.
The vibratory rectangular separators are specialized in separating and grading a wide number of recycling materials,
utilizing higher forces and advanced counterweights technologies, to control material flow pattern on the screens.
Below are some of the recycling materials we are able to classify:
- Papers
- Plastics
- Aluminum
- Cans
- Rubber
- Cardboard
- Scrap tires
- Garbage
- Metals
- Food waste
- Glass
- Construction materials
- Demolition materials
- Industrial materials


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We understand that our client base requires the highest standard of service and workmanship and as a skilled and experienced team of lighting consultants we can assure our Keighley clients of the finest quality commercial electrical installations. We work with all kinds of businesses and enterprises and regularly carry out lighting and electrical installations in a broad range of premises including offices, schools, factories, shops, pubs and restaurants.
We offer various commercial electrical installations including:
- Electrical Cabling and Cable Jointing
- Cable and Power Distribution
- Car Park and High Mast Lighting
- Event and Stage Lighting
- Festive Lighting
- Interior and Exterior Lighting
- Emergency Lighting and Power
- LED Lighting
We ensure all project needs along with the individual requirements of clients in Keighley are met. We operate with complete adherence to established industry standards and and we can facilitate the successful execution of a host of electrical projects including heavy cabling, high level exterior lighting systems and the installation of lighting and electrical systems in new commercial builds in and around Keighley. We are dedicated to the delivery of the finest services and strive at all times to supply the highest quality commercial electrical installations.
We regularly provide our services for a number of clients including:
- Shops
- Pubs and Restaurants
- Offices
- Schools
- Factories
- Housing Estates
- Seaports and Airports
- Hospitals
We can assist Keighley clients with commercial electrical installations in a range of interior and exterior environments and our services are structured to offer affordability, reliability and the finest possible results every time.
Enquire Today!
To talk to us about your electrical installation requirements
Please Call: 01642 501350


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10 tips on how to avoid side effects and get the best from Viagra
Although Viagra is one of the most effective drugs for erectile dysfunction and improved sexual stamina, it comes with several side effects and a good number of the cases where side effects occur is due to wrong administration.
For maximum output and to also reduce the chances of side effects occurring, here are some important tips for administering Viagra or any other Sildenafil-based drug.
It should be administered once in a day
Viagra should be taken at most once in a day. Taking more than that is overdose and it could lead to side effects. If you take it and do not see the effects, there must be a reason for it. Consult your physician.
Maximum dose is 100mg
No matter the intensity of your erectile dysfunction, the human body cannot comfortably take more than 100mg at once. Remember, it takes different time before the drug starts working in different individuals. So, don't let impatience push you into taking more than 100mg of Viagra at once. You may not like the outcome.
Never break a pill into two
You must either chew or swallow a pill all at once. It is more effective that way.
Don't take it with other medications
Sildenafil, the active ingredient in Viagra can react fatally when it comes in contact with other drugs in the body. So, you should never take Viagra when you are taking other drugs, especially drugs that contain nitrates.
Don't eat much before taking Viagra
Actually, Viagra works best on an empty stomach so it should be taken on an empty stomach. However, you also need to understand that you may not be able to "rock and roll" for long on an empty stomach. Long sexual intercourse requires a lot of strength. So, it is better to strike a balance between having an empty stomach for Viagra effectiveness and needing energy for sex. This is why you should eat but don't eat much. You are better off with only some snacks.
Drink a lot of water after taking the pill
It is believed that taking at least a glass of water after taking the pill helps to mitigate its side effects, so you should take as much water as possible.
Never take it with alcohol
Alcohol reduces rate of Viagra's absorption and it makes its side effects worse. So, never take Viagra with any alcoholic drink.
An-hour window period is necessary
It takes at least one hour for the effect of Viagra to get to the maximum. So, you need to take it at least an hour before sexual intercourse. If she suddenly gets into the mood and requires sex, you can quickly excuse yourself to take the pill and try to delay the main activity with lengthy foreplays.
Viagra does not give sexual arousal
Viagra is not an aphrodisiac, so it won't arouse you. It only gives strong erection. If your problem is lack of libido, you may need to consult your doctor as Viagra is not the solution.
Stay relaxed to avoid anxiety
Viagra works best when you are calm and your mind is relaxed. Anxiety hinders its efficacy so you should be relaxed each time you want to take it.
With all the tips above, you will not only reduce the chances of seeing any side effect, you will also make the best use of the drug.


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Love this and your brain and your hope and our Jesus!
obviously, I'm a history nerd
1920's – The Roaring Twenties
A time of economic boom, people living life to the fullest, most completely unaware of what is to come.
1930's – The Great Depression
The shiny bubble of false security pops. Devastation. Loss. Pain.
1940's – World War II
Hard. When is war easy? Yet at the same time, a time of prosperity, of growth, of economic development. War-based, but mostly sustainable.
1950's – Leave it to Beaver
Post-War. Stable. We've learned our lesson from the 30's and are living life well, but not in a bubble.
Pre- Adoption – (The Roaring Twenties)
Living the life. Aware of the bubble, but life outside of the bubble isn't for us.
Becoming aware. Starting the process. Happy. Expectant. Anxious to see her.
The Early Days – (The Great Depression)
This is not what I thought it would be. This is hard. This is heartbreaking. This is requiring more than I have.
Home Again – (World War II)
Life will never be the same. It's not easy (when is war ever easy?) but at the same time, there is progress. There is sustainable change for the good.
The Future – (Leave it to Beaver?)
My hope! Not that it will be idyllic, but that a "normal" will be reached. That a "normal" will be appreciated because we remember the hard times. That we won't forget the hard places. We will learn from them. We will be stronger because of them.
Philippians 4:13 is often stated as a favorite verse. It's definitely a good one, and I am learning that it's absolutely true in all senses (ever tried changing a 4-year old poo diaper on a Chinese airline bathroom during turbulence??). I CAN do all things (ALL things) through CHRIST who strengthens me. Not through my own power or will. Not through my own patience or desire. Only Jesus.


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News Archives - 2010
The journey of a sweater
On any given day in the winter at Augsburg, especially around the Christmas holidays or during our annual Velkommen Jul celebration, one can be sure to spot a Norwegian sweater. The traditional Norwegian lusekofte ("lice jacket"), also called "setesdalgenser" (setesdal sweater), is a design that dates back to the early 18th century.
Augsburg's Mary Laurel True of the Center for Democracy and Citizenship has a Norwegian sweater with an interesting history. She writes:
Several years ago I bought what I thought might be a Norwegian sweater at Savers second hand store so that I would have appropriate attire for the celebration of Velkommen Jul at Augsburg College.
I wore it a little sheepishly the first year not knowing if the many members of the Augsburg Norwegian community would think that I was foolishly wearing a sweater from the wrong country.
While enjoying some traditional treats of the day, I was approached by one of the long-time Augsburg Associates volunteers, Evie Sonnack, who was looking with amazement at me as she asked, "Where did you get that sweater?" I said that I had bought it in a second hand store in Minneapolis. She happily told me the following story:
Evie's mother-in-law and her sister were traveling around Norway in 1959 and decided to order handmade matching sweaters. One sweater was for herself, and one was for each of her daughter-in-laws. When Evie's mother-in-law passed away, she was given her sweater. Evie kept it for several years and then donated it to a thrift shop.
She said that, in fact, the exact sweater that I was wearing was the one that her mother-in-law had ordered on that trip. She was sure of this as it had unusual features that made it easy to distinguish from other Norwegian sweaters of its kind—both had zippers (not pewter clasps) and a very distinct pattern.
The sweater I was wearing had found its way home to the Norwegian college for a Velkommen Jul celebration. I begged Evie to wear her 1959 red, white, and blue sister sweater to Velkommen Jul the next year. She did, and we marveled at the sweater' reunion to each other after all these years!
Evie (nickname "Inch" because she's so tiny) is an Augsburg alum 1943. She met her husband, Paul Sonnack '42 at Augsburg. Paul's father, Paul Sr. graduated from the Augsburg seminary and college in 1919.


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They say in match play you should always expect your opponent to make his putt so you won't be as rattled if you have to make yours. But the match-play handbook doesn't include a chapter on how to handle your opponent making a hole-in-one.
Related: 5 things we learned from Day 1 at the WGC Match Play
Ben Martin did just that to stun Matt Kuchar on Wednesday during Day 1 of the WGC-Cadillac Match Play. Adding to the incredible moment? The match was all square when Martin made his ace on the 17th hole. Oh, and the 17th hole at TPC Harding Park happened to be playing a meaty 243 yards. Take a look:
Martin used a hybrid to hit what he described as "the best shot of my life." It also happened to be the longest hole-in-one recorded on the PGA Tour this season.
Related: Justin Rose meets "inspiration" Stephen Curry in San Francisco
Not surprisingly, Kuchar couldn't match, and the two halved the 18th hole to give Martin a 1-up upset. On the bright side for Kuchar, with the new group-play format, he wasn't eliminated.


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Give your attendees an easy to use on-line system.
Successful conferences take a lot of planning and hard work.
Our team will manage the tasks from contract negotiation, supplier management, and more.
For many conferences and symposia the technical program and papers are the backbone of what draws people to attend.
CMS can help with your technical program in a number of ways.
First impressions are lasting impressions.
CMS can provide an enjoyable online experience with well designed websites to provide important information and on-line registration.
Exhibits provide opportunities for attendees to discover the newest products and services.
Vendors add an additional aspect for attendees to a conference, not to mention the extra income it may provide.
CMS is able to track all income and expenses, prepare periodic reports, and produce post-conference reports.
A new venture in our services includes screen capturing of presentations in conjunction with the audio of the speaker.
This is a great, inexpensive way to archive your conference or meeting.
CMS can provid an on-line housing reservation system that will allow for constant real-time accurate information for you, the property, and the attendee.
CMS can organize the publication, printing, and mailings of materials for the conference. We will work closely with your Publications Coordinator and prepare conference materials that will contribute to a successful event.
Mobile applications allow attendees to manage their time through personalized schedules, network with each other, sponsors, and exhibitors, and receive real-time updates.


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Romans 10:14-15
How, then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? And how can anyone preach unless they are sent? As it is written: "How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news!"
One Christmas, my family received the most incredible news. My sister and brother-in-law announced that they were expecting a baby! Now, I had been wanting a niece or nephew for quite some time, so I was beyond excited. This was great news! Throughout the months that followed, I would look at my sister with so much excitement and joy in my heart. She seemed more beautiful to me since she'd told us the news. I know it sounds silly, but good news has a way of changing everything. This news, though, is nowhere near as good as the news we are called to spread to the world.
Each and every one of us has access to the best news there will ever be. We have heard the good news of Jesus' transforming victory through his life, death, and resurrection. We get to share in that victory! Nothing is going to stop God from loving us! This news has the power to change everything. Far too often we shy away from sharing this Gospel, or good news, of Jesus Christ with others because of fear of how others will respond. However, if we truly believe that this news can change lives, then we have nothing to fear. When people are changed by the love of Christ, they will view you, the bearer of that love, with gratitude and excitement.
Let the goodness of God's transforming love lead you to share that love with everyone around you. How will they hear the good news if you aren't the one to share it?
|How has the Gospel of Jesus Christ changed your life?
|What keeps you from sharing the good news with others?
|Love others radically this week in the name of Jesus.


text: The Nash Option B Skate Closure provides an easy and quick way to put on your skates and hit the ice. If your young player is looking to tie his own skates but doesn't yet have the strength to tighten them properly, the Option B straps are a good replacement, and they look just like laces! And if you're an adult player looking to get geared up and on the ice with ease, The Option B Skate Closure proves to be a solid alternative to laces.


text:
Preview Skellig Rangers v Waterville
South Kerry League Round 1
by Micheal O'Sullivan
Assistant PRO Skellig Rangers
This weekend, the South Kerry League will get underway as Skellig Rangers will travel to Waterville. There were rumours earlier on that this competition would be delayed and played in the summer, but the improvement in conditions of pitches have allowed the league to get the go ahead. Both sides will more than likely use this game as a measure of where they stand at this early stage of the season with a good performance hoped by both managers. Managers of either side will look to blood younger players and examine their full squad by giving most players a run out but the points are vital too to get a run in this competition.
For the home side, the O' Dwyers carry the usual threat with Barry and Stephen in the forwards, a stern test it will be for the Skellig defence. Waterville boast two Kerry Juniors in Niall Fitzgerald and Kevin O' Dwyer and will look to these players to help them to a victory over the Skellig Rangers men.
For the Portmagee side, Chris O' Driscoll, his brother Gary, Sean Courtney and Daniel O' Sullivan will be the quartet missing due to injury, emigration or work commitments. Patie Mahoney, manager again for another year, however, has new faces in the squad this year with a couple of players returning from London to rejoin the squad.
It will be a closely fought battle as are always these matches. This is both sides first competitive match since the Championship last winter so they will go into the game having had good pre-season training under their belts. Sunday's game will give the managers the opportunity to get a closer view on their respective teams.
Throw-in 12pm in Waterville, Sunday 3rd March 2013. Please Support!
News >


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Background details
I am very excited to bring to you the Trim N Healthy diet. As a business woman and mother of 3 grown children, I was delighted to find a solution to what has been a lifelong torment. Your success wtih the program is extremely important to me, so along with my sister we have brought to you the original TNH program, you won't be disappointed.
Eight years ago, I discovered a diet that changed my life….I battled with my weight for 35 years which was really taking its toll. In the beginning I put on weight with my first child and since then I yo yo'd between a size 10 and a size 16. The frustrating aspect has always been that my body type puts most of the weight on below the waist. At my biggest I was a size 16 on the bottom, and a size 14 on the top.
Over the years I have tried every type of diet you can name. Remember the Israeli diet back in the 80's?? When I was in my late 30's I discovered exercise and became an absolute gym junkie. I lost a lot of weight by going to the gym every morning and running every afternoon and then dancing 5 nights of the week…. Surprise, surprise I managed to trim down to a very athletic size 10.
Of course as time went on, it became increasingly difficult to maintain that rigid regime. Children's schedules, work pressures, and soon the gym was down to 4 or 5 days a week, dancing was once a week and a 10km run was increasingly difficult to manage. The cycle began again, skipping meals, eating too much of the wrong foods…weight started creeping on.
My next weight control phase included personal trainers who helped me shape up. Muscles toned and my stamina improved, but the stored fat on my butt and thighs was firmly entrenched. Even the Personal Trainers were becoming frustrated. Why wouldn't the fat move? I was becoming desperate – was I going to have to exercise at this level into my 70's?… a sobering thought.
With the discovery of Dr Simeons amazing protocol my weight worries are a thing of the past…I now understand what was happening to my hypothalamus, and what to do to prevent it happening again. After following the protocol I dropped the stored fat and now I am enjoying that size 10 body I tried so hard to achieve. This amazing result was achieved without exercise, and without hunger. Eight years on, I'm happy to say I'm still a size 10. From time to time a few kilos creep back on but not for long – I just knuckle down for three weeks to reset.
Is it any wonder I needed to share this diet with everyone in Australia who was sick of the diet struggle. I am so happy to bring this to my friends, family and everyone else who is sick of hearing that dieting is all about what you eat and how much exercise you do.
Dr Simeons' Protocol is simply a revelation, if you follow the simple guidelines and faithfully stick to the Maintenance program, you will reset your metabolism and enjoy a healthy weight forever.


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60 Social Situations and Discussion Starters to Help Teens on the Autism Spectrum Deal with Friendships, Feelings, Conflict and More
Adolescent Brain
Reaching for Autonomy
Learning, Reasoning, and Decision Making
Adolescents, Families, and Social Development
How Teens Construct Their Worlds
Anxiety Workbook for Teens
Activities to Help You Deal with Anxiety & Worry
Instant Help Series
Asperger Syndrome in Adolescence
Living with the Ups, the Downs and Things in Between
Asperger's and Girls
World-renowned experts join those with Asperger's Syndrome to resolve issues that girls and women face every day
Asperger's Rules!
How to Make Sense of School and Friends
Bipolar Workbook for Teens
DBT Skills to Help You Control Mood SwingsInstant Help Series
Brief Intervention for School Problems
Outcome-Informed Strategies (2ND ed.)
Building Happiness, Resilience and Motivation in Adolescents
A Positive Psychology Curriculum for Well-Being
Bulimia Workbook for Teens
Activities to Help You Stop Bingeing and Purging Instant Help Series
Clinical Interviews for Children and Adolescents: Assessment to Intervention
Cognitive Therapy for Adolescents in School Settings
Coming Out Asperger
Diagnosis, Disclosure and Self-Confidence
Conflict Resolution Skills for Teens
Coping With Cliques
A workbook to help girls deal with gossip, put-downs, bullying & other mean behaviorInstant Help Series
Culturally Diverse Children and Adolescents, Second Edition
Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Cyberbullying and E-Safety
What Educators and Professionals Need to Know
Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Your Guide to Recovery
Developing Emotional Literacy with Teenagers
Building Confidence, Self-Esteem and Self Awareness 2nd ed
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training with Adolescents
A Practical Workbook for Therapists, Teens & Parents
Don't Let Your Emotions Run Your Life for Teens
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills for Helping You Manage Mood Swings, Control Angry Outbursts, and
get along with othersInstant Help Series
Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Clinical Handbook
Empowering Teen Peers to Prevent Bullying
The Bully Busters Program for High School
Feeling Like Crap
Young People and the Meaning of Self-Esteem
Fostering Emotional Wellbeing in the Classroom
3rd ed
Freaks, Geeks and Asperger Syndrome
A User Guide to Adolescence
Grieving Teen
A Guide for Teenagers and Their Friends
Helping At-Risk Students
A Group Counseling Approach for Grades 6-9 (2ND ed.)
Helping Kids and Teens with ADHD in School
A Workbook for Teachers and Parents on Classroom Support and Managing Transitions
Helping Students Take Control of Everyday Executive Functions
The Attention Fix
Hey, Back Off!
Tips for Stopping Teen Harassment
Hot Stones & Funny Bones
Teens Helping Teens Cope with Stress & Anger
How to Feel Good
20 Things Teens Can Do
How to Take the GRRRR Out of Anger
Let's talk Relationships
Activities for exploring love, sex, friendship and family with young people
Letting Go of Perfect
Overcoming Perfectionism in Kids
Lost in a Mind Field
Schizophrenia and other Psychoses
Michael Rosen's Sad Book
Motivational Interviewing with Adolescents and Young Adults
My Anxious Mind
A Teen's Guide to Managing Anxiety and Panic
Narrative Counseling In Schools
Powerful & Brief 2ed
Now What Do I Do?
A Guide to Help Teenagers with Their Parents' Separation or Divorce
Potholes in My Lawn
175 & More Effective Group Activities for Troubled Adolescent & Teens
Practical Interventions for Young People at Risk
Preparing For Life
The Complete Guide for Transitioning to Adulthood for Those with Autism and Asperger's Syndrome
Problem Solving in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy
A Skills-Based, Collaborative Approach
Public and Permanent
The Golden Rule of the 21st Century: Straight Talk about Digital Safety: The Real Consequences of Digital Abuse
Safe Places to Learn
21 Lessons to Help Students Promote a Caring School Climate with CDROM
School Counselor's Mental Health Sourcebook
Strategies to Help Students Succeed
A Guide for Teachers
Self-Harm Behavior and Eating Disorders
Dynamics, Assessment and Treatment
Shyness and Social Anxiety Workbook for Teens
CBT and ACT Skills to Help You Build Social Confidence Instant Help Series
Smart But Scattered Teens
The "Executive Skills" Program for Helping Teens Reach Their Potential
Social and Life Skills Menu
A skill building workbook for adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Social Skills for Teenagers and Adults with Asperger's Syndrome
A Practical Guide to Day-To-Day Life
Social Skills Picture Book - High School
For High School and Beyond
Split in Two
Keeping It Together When Your Parents Live Apart
Starving the Anger Gremlin
A Cognitive behavioural therapy workbook on anger management for young people
Surviving Year 12
A Sanity kit for students and their parents
Take Control of ADHD
The Ultimate Guide for Teens With ADHD
Talking about Death and Bereavement in School
How to Help Children Aged 4 to 11 to Feel Supported and Understood
Teaching and the Adolescent Brain
Teaching Teenagers
A Toolbox for Engaging and Motivating Learners
Teaching Teens with ADD, ADHD & Executive Function Deficits 2nd ed
A Quick Reference Guide for Teachers and Parents (2ND ed.)
Tear Soup
A Recipe for Healing After Loss
Teen Aggression & Bullying Workbook
Facilitator Reproducible Self-Assessments, Exercises & Educational Handouts
Teen Conflict Management Skills Workbook
Facilitator Reproducible Self-Assessments, Exercises & Educational Handouts
Teen Friendship Workbook
Teen Resiliency-Building Workbook
Reproducible Self-Assessments, Exercises & Educational Handouts
Teen Respect of Self & Others Workbook
Teen Self-Esteem Workbook
Teen Years Explained
A Guide to Healthy Adolescent Development
Teenage Girls
Exploring Issues Adolescent Girls Face and Strategies to Help Them
Teenagers with ADD and ADHD
A guide for parents and professionals (2ND ed.)
Teens, Loss, and Grief
The Ultimate Teen Guide - It Happened to Me Series
Treating Bulimia in Adolescents
A Family-Based Approach
Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents (Revised)
Understanding Peer Influence in Children and Adolescents
Working with Adolescents
A Guide for Practitioners
Working with Young Men
Activities for Exploring Personal, Social and Emotional Issues (2ND ed.)
Working with Young Women
Worrywart's Companion
Twenty-One Ways to Soothe Yourself and Worry Smart


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Hey guys. Here's to Friday. We have a fabulously spicy jalapeno infused tequila cocktail recipe for you to try this weekend. It's a quick and easy prep and you'll feel like you're on vacation when sipping it down. Here's what you'll need for the jalapeno infused tequila: (more…)
14May 2015


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Home Hack #1
Save Your Back, Boost Your Productivity: Posture-Friendly Computer Setups
Between not fitting under desks and forcing users to lean forward to use computers, wheelchairs often lead to bad posture, which in turn leads to pain. Good posture can be the key to relieving that pain. For example, I sit higher up with my tilt-recline power chair and there's no way to tilt down low and still feel comfortable working. I used to just put a laptop on my lap, but even that made me hunch forward and caused shoulder pain. There had to be a better way.
Well, I've found a couple hacks to sit more upright in a taller chair that might work in your home. The first is to keep a laptop in your lap and use a wall-mounted TV as a monitor. Just connect an HDMI cable (and maybe an adapter) from your laptop to your TV. Now you've got a huge monitor to work with and you've removed the stress on your neck and shoulders. The second is to elevate one of your desks or tables. A quick search for "furniture risers" or "bed risers" online shows affordable tools that fit under the legs of a desk, and you can even improvise with something else around the house. I have one friend who uses $2.99 heavy-duty plastic planters he found at a Goodwill. Figure out the right height for your monitor and the right one for your keyboard and watch your posture improve.
Home Hack #2
You've Got the Power: The Budget Smart Home
Nowadays more and more people are using voice-controlled smart home devices to control every aspect of their home (see "The Smart Home"), but what if you don't have one or can't use one? All you need is some duct tape and a power strip. Tape the power strip down where you can reach it easily, even if you can't move your arms, you should be able to set it up somewhere you can use a mouthstick. Then plug in whatever devices you want to control, and all you have to do is flip the power strip switch. I've used it to control floor lamps, fans, chargers — you name it.
Home Hack #3
Locked in No More: Open Your Doors With Ease
Opening doors can be tricky for the disability crew. Maneuvering wheelchairs and reaching handles is an art, pushing spring-loaded doors takes strength and coordination, and those of us with limited finger function and dexterity have a tough time turning circular doorknobs or keys on door locks. To get around the difficulty of holding and using keys, look for a lock that uses a number pad or has a remote. These used to be cost prohibitive, but have come way down in price and can be purchased for less than $100.
With the lock down, the trick is getting the door open — often in unfriendly spaces. One solution is putting in lever-like handles. Levers, which can be bought at any hardware store and installed easily, make things smooth for people with some arm function but no dexterity. Another solution is to add a loop or other door-extender to pull a door closed, and adding a doorstop with some spring to bounce the door back toward you. In the January NEW MOBILITY, fellow gimp "MacGyver" Brian Johnson shared how he built a Thighmaster-like device out of wood and a compression spring, mounted it to the wall, and used it to bounce the door closed.


text:
2016. A year to remember.
The Chicago Cubs won Major League Baseball's World Series for the first time since 1908. The United Kingdom voted to Brexit the European Union, and Beyonce dropped her hit album, "Lemonade."
While mainstream news covers sports, politics, and entertainment, media coverage of the moving and storage industry usually flies under the radar. So here's a look back at 2016 through the eyes of JK Moving Services.
January 2016
Fleet Safety Award
For the third straight year, the American Moving & Storage Association recognized JK Moving Services with a Fleet Safety Award. The award distinguishes carriers that demonstrate the best overall safety performance, safety improvement, and creativity and leadership in safety programs.
March 2016
New Headquarters
JK Moving Services CEO, Chuck Kuhn, strengthened his commitment to Loudoun County when he announced the purchase of a 42-acre parcel in Sterling, Virginia to establish a new headquarters campus. JK will construct more than 450,000 square feet of office and warehouse space and plans to hire an additional 150 employees by late 2018. Through the purchase of 25 new trucks and $2.5 million in new equipment for the Washington, D.C. area alone, JK reinforced its commitment to the region in 2016.
April 2016
Best Moving Company
The Commercial Real Estate Brokerage Association of Greater Washington, D.C. named JK Moving Services the Best of the Industry in 2016. CREBA presents this award to the company that best exemplifies success in the region. JK previously won the award in 2011 and 2013.
May 2016
Stop Hunger Now
More than 80 JK Moving Services employees packed 10,152 meal bags for Stop Hunger Now. Each meal bag will feed six people. Stop Hunger Now distributed the meals to Mozambique, to support school feeding programs, orphanages, and crisis relief.
June 2016
Integrity Award
The Human Resource Leadership Awards of Greater Washington presented JK Moving Services' HR team with the 2016 Dr. J.P. London Award for Integrity. According to HRLA, the "award honors companies with exemplary initiatives in instilling the core values and principles of the organization throughout its people, encourages implementation, and is highly conscious of corporate integrity."
July 2016
Two Years Injury Free
JK Moving Services' DC-based commercial team – a staff of more than 30 people – closed in on a safety record of almost two years without an injury. The team went 718 consecutive days without an injury, which is twice as many consecutive days injury-free as the industry standard, according to the United States Department of Labor.
September 2016
Healthiest Company
SmartCEO presented JK Moving Services with a Healthiest Company Award in 2016. To help employees maintain healthy lifestyles, JK hosts At-Work Weight Watchers programs, on-site farmer's markets, after-work fitness classes, and on-site flu shot clinics, among other wellness-related programs.
Moving U.S. Presidents
On the brink of the 2016 Presidential election, the Washington Business Journal featured JK Moving Services in a story about moving U.S. presidents. In the early 1990s, JK moved antiques for President George H.W. Bush, before moving President Bill Clinton and then President George W. Bush.
100 Top Private Company
For the second consecutive year, JK Moving Services maintained its standing on the Washington Business Journal's list of the 100 Top Private Companies in Washington, D.C. The Washington Business Journal bases the annual list on each company's total revenue from the previous year.
November 2016
Candy Donation for Military Service Members
In November 2016, JK Moving Services' employees donated 87 pounds of Halloween candy to Operation Gratitude, a nonprofit organization that delivers care packages to military members worldwide.
Green Business Challenge
JK Moving Services continues to uphold a firm pledge to employ eco-friendly business practices. JK accepted the Loudoun County Chamber of Commerce's Green Business Challenge earning the Silver award. The Chamber gives awards to those companies which save energy, conserve water, reduce waste, combat congestion, and protect native habitat. By recycling or donating common recyclables as well as furniture and electronics, JK kept 1,624 tons of materials out of landfills in 2015.
December 2016
Major Expansion Planned
JK Moving Services announced major expansion into Maryland. While JK was already planning to hire hundreds of new employees across its commercial, residential, global, and government services divisions by late 2018, the closing of The Kane Company accelerates the hiring intake and will include many former Office Movers employees.
Thanks for being a part of the JK Moving Services family and for allowing JK to serve you, your family, and your friends in 2016!


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Lilly cries…we have been walking the house for hours… everytime i try to sit there is something about the lack of movement that makes her uncomfortable and so she shrieks again. her tiny throat is red and i can see the white bumps within…it must be burning her…she has a fever and a goopy looking rash about her neck…and though her head bobs from exhaustion…though both our heads bob from exhaustion we must walk b/c she cries.
i grabbed the wrong phone and called the service. habit b/c the last time she was sick we called on the duct taped phone. habit? exhausted decisions.
exhausted b/c i spent over 13 hrs at work…most of it on my feet and feel myself stumbling…the ache in my joints…my stupid hips and left leg
and moments ago i did the unspeakable…b/c i'm so sore and tired and she cries… i did the unthinkable. i grabbed the correct phone and after calling the service again and being told i could bring Lilly to the office if i called after 8AM….i did the unthinkable and dialed his number hoping he would come save me
he has told me before it is not his job to save me…i know…
i was weak…for a moment i was even less than i normally am…and i was weak and i wanted to have his strong arms to help me…to help us. i am such an awful single parent … he would know exactly what to do… he always does if i just listen… if i just let myself trust him without adding and multiplying the number of times his actions werent…idk…. i need to stop exponentially measuring disappointment and worries… i know… like the letter…no signs…
it is what it is
but i am tired and my back, leg and hips hurts so entirely much… i nearly disturbed his sleep so that he would run and comfort me… no doubt momentarily picturing the whole rescue scenario where he would come and comfort me and magically quiet Lilly…b/c he can?
no… i wanted him for me… to pamper and fuss and hold me. i am exhausted and aching to the point that i cannot feel my left foot touching the floor beneath it…
and what i really wanted was love
not any token effort…i wanted his love… b/c it is a precious prize…wrapped aroung me
though he does not… i know
and here leaning against the counter in my kitchen…bouncing a crying baby on my hip
oh God i do feel so alone and unworthy
i love him… and i was nearly selfish enough in my wants and needs to
but that is not who we are… that is not who i am…i am confused… he would not have come over…and i possess less than what i once had… three years ago this week
but i truly do love him
8 AM is 2 hrs and 39 mins away…until then (and for a long time after) it is just Lilly and i


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From the Portraits of Spring series
My fascination with spring ephemerals is fleeting and intense. Each spring brings with it a new sense of urgency, and an opportunity to capture an essential image of these early flowering wildflowers that grow here in Southern Washington county. With the Trillium and Trout Lily, seven years at the minimum before setting a flower and then, in a week to ten days, it is all said and done. To be a witness to this fleeting display of beauty and grace is a privilege indeed.
These photgraphs were made in 2008 in the woods and along the Battenkill in Greenwich, NY.


text: RoadCaptain.com was proud to be part of the 27th annual Ronkonkoma Saint Patrick's day parade. The group bared some rough temperatures at 27 degrees to celebrate this festive event. Cold weather to say the least did not stop these guys from showing their support and having a great time as …Read More »