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My child's profile says grade level: University level 2 with planned completion date of 2/1/16. Vocational Training type: not enrolled. Can you please clarify this information. It is now 3/17/18. My child tells me she is in the cosmetology workshop, doing well at school getting good grades and hoping to complete studies. This profile information seems contradictory. What is she doing educationally or vocationally?


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Our custom service
You always come first
Our team of designers- supported by a carefully selected and long experience supply chain- work on every element of the solution required, up to the full satisfaction of the applicant's needs. In addition to the quality, every day large and small companies choose us for the reliability and the seriousness demonstrated in the course of time.
A creative workshop
We realize your ideas (even the most unusual)
Each solution is complex and requires much research. For this reason, Euromet invests a significant portion of its turnover in the development of products that, in addition to originality, ensure ease and speed of installation, in a combination of design creativity and manufacturing technology.
Installer-oriented solutions
In your shoes…
Safety and simplicity in the assembly have always guided our work, looking to a continuous improvement, thanks to the valuable contribution of our partners. At Euromet we invest our time to save yours.

subset: commoncrawl


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- Butterflies
- Botanicals
- Bicycles
- Birds
- Damask
- Quarter Foil
- Woodgrain
- Lace
- Chevron Stripes
- Vintage kids
Pink Paislee's Jubilee Collection is so full of vintage goodness but with trendy colors! My only wish is that they included more plain patterned papers, rather than some of the collages. As a cardmaker, I can't always use the 6x6 size collage as a whole sheet. But I'm sure I'll find a way :).
Cosmo Cricket's Tea for Two is just as sweet as can be. It's reminiscent of my favorite CC collection ever, Odds & Ends, but with more muted colors. Their Evangeline collection is worth checking out, too.
Miss Caroline collection is going to be another favorite of mine. I especially love the Howdy Doody set 6x6 paper pack pictured above. So soft, so feminine and so shabby vintage!
Country Charm and Oh Happy. They both just scream summer with their bright colors and gorgeous patterns. They make me wish for warm weather so I can go on a picnic, frolick in the meadows, munch on some yummy berries while watching a fireworks show. Okay, I've never done that, but I want to :). I can't wait to make cards that will brighten somebody's day with these papers.


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I enjoy getting to know my clients and developing a personal relationship with them so that they feel free to contact me at any time for design advice and collaboration.
I am passionate about my yoga practice. It is a means for me to take an hour or so out of my day to unwind and focus on nothing but what's happening on my yoga mat.
I was an assisstant to the director of the Historic Arkansas Museum.
Red Hot Chili Peppers
People often mistake my handwritting for a type-written font.
I bought a laser tape measure while I was measuring a job site because it would have been so much easier to have had one right then and there.
Accomplish a thru-hike on the Pacific Crest Trail, the Appalachian Trail or even at home on the Ozark Highlands Trail.
Bruno's Little Italy and any of the pedestrian bridges that cross the Arkansas River.
My wisdom teeth. They were given to me in a tiny purple treasure chest.


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Leading cardiologist in NYC, Dr. Ghalchi of Manhattan Cardiovascular Associates provides an effective diagnosis and treatment for syncopal episodes and it's underlined symptoms which can include fainting, dizziness and passing out. It's always best to seek immediate treatment from one of the most experienced cardiologists and best heart doctors in NYC. Talk to your New York City Cardiologist if you are at risk or have symptoms for syncope.
Syncope, the clinical term for passing out and dizziness, is a symptom that's linked to a broad range of diseases and disorders, which can be cardiac, pulmonary or neurologic in nature.
If you're experiencing syncope or periods of dizziness, see your cardiologist in NYC or a heart doctor.
He'll want to sort out where your condition originates so he can arrive at a diagnosis. He'll likely ask you the following questions:
- Exactly how do you feel during fainting or syncopal episodes?
- Are there any triggers that you're aware of?
- How long do the fainting episodes last?
- Are there any other details you want to share regarding these vasovagal syncope episodes?
A Plethora of Possibilities
When it comes to your heart, there is no symptom too small to ignore including fainting, passing out. The first NYC heart doctor or cardiologist you see has the challenging job of trying to figure out the root cause of your syncopal episode symptoms. Make an appointment with the best rated Dizziness/Syncope specialist in NYC, cardiac specialist Dr. Ghalchi for proper diagnosis and cardiac treatment.
Here is a list of just some of the possible fainting and dizziness causes:
- Arrhythmia is an irregular or abnormal heartbeat. It's not unusual for this to lead to fainting episodes, dizziness or lightheadedness.
- Cerebrovascular disorder refers to the blood vessels that take oxygen to the brain. When you suffer a stroke, a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or another ischemic episode, cardiologists classify you as having a cerebrovascular disorder. Dizziness and fainting, while not a regular symptom, is not unusual in any of these cases.
- Neurologic diseases are classified as any diseases that have to do with the brain and central nervous system. There are more than 600 diseases that fall under this heading, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, epilepsy and brain aneurysms. These diseases often cause sufferers to be unsteady on their feet, resulting in bouts of vasovagal syncope, dizziness and vertigo.
- Valvular disease results in heart valves that are damaged or defective. This causes the heart to be an inefficient pump, leading to insufficient oxygen in the blood stream resulting in vasovagal syncope.
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs when the heart walls thicken and inhibit the heart's ability to beat normally. This condition predisposes patients to arrhythmias, as well as thickening of the heart muscle, which can reduce blood flow and oxygen to the brain, causing dizziness and fainting.
- Orthostatic hypotension is low blood pressure. When blood pressure is abnormally low, you can expect to be dizzy, lightheaded or sleepy. You may even faint or pass out.
- Vasovagal syncope is when your blood pressure and heart rate drop concurrently and abruptly, causing fainting, dizziness and a sudden loss of consciousness.
- Vertigo can be diagnosed as a stand-alone condition or as a symptom of another issue. People with vertigo describe sensations of spinning, moving when they are still, the room tilting or a sensation of falling when standing. It's not unusual for those experiencing vertigo to actually lose their balance. Sometimes, vertigo is caused by something benign, such as standing up too quickly, low blood pressure or dehydration. If it's accompanied by a headache, especially if it's severe or sudden, it can be a sign of something more serious. If it's accompanied by vomiting, slurring, loss of balance, chest pains, arrhythmia, trouble breathing, a high fever or a stiff neck, there is definitely cause for concern. If you've had a head injury and are now experiencing vertigo-like symptoms, see a heart doctor or cardiologist in NYC immediately. Do not forget only a qualified cardiovascular doctor can provide an accurate diagnosis.
- Issues with your inner ear, including an ear infection that can cause temporary vertigo or inner ear dysfunction, which can be congenital or from an injury.
Only an experienced heart doctor or a top cardiologist in NYC can tell you for certain if fainting, dizziness or syncopal episodes that you have require medical treatment.
Narrowing the Possibilities
To narrow the possibilities, cardiologist in New York, Dr. Ghalchi or your heart doctor will likely request one or more of the following non-invasive, pain-free tests:
- Electrocardiogram is a test that monitors the electrical impulses of your heart. This allows the heart doctor to look for patterns in those impulses, providing cardiovascular doctor with information on how your heart is functioning. Sometimes referred to as an EKG or an ECG, this test is a common first test.
- Heart monitor, one type of which is a Holter Monitor, is a portable device that monitors your heart. It's small enough to carry it with you at all times. It monitors your heart for a period of time, most often 24 to 48 hours. The results give the heart or cardiovascular doctor a clear picture of your heart, along with the ability to see patterns in the heart's function as you changed activities throughout the day.
- Carotid doppler is an ultrasound that detects narrowed and clogged carotid arteries, usually resulting from a buildup of plaque and other substances — such as fat, cholesterol or calcium — that are in your bloodstream. This test has many uses, but in this case, your heart doctor's looking for anything that might disrupt the flow of blood to your heart and brain.
- Echocardiogram is another non-invasive test that uses sound waves to map the heart. The images produced allow your cardiologist NYC to see the chambers of the heart, as well as the size, shape, and function of the heart. This test is sometimes referred to as an "Echo."
- Ambulatory blood pressure monitor is another portable device that you wear, usually for 24 hours, including while sleeping. It takes your blood pressure at regular intervals, typically every 20–30 minutes.
- Heart stress test, which involve putting your body through intense activity, such as walking fast or running on a treadmill. The heart specialist monitors the heart's reaction and functioning through use of electrodes.
When you're experiencing dizziness or syncope, the most important thing is to collect as much information as you can before, during and after your syncopal episodes. Because there are so many possibilities, every bit of information can help cardiologist to identify the source of the problem.
To get the process started and to put you on the road to recovery, schedule a checkup with one of the cardiologists in NYC, Dr. Ghalchi of Manhattan Cardiovascular Associates.
Talk to your New York City Cardiologist if you are at greater risk for Syncope and their accompanying symptoms such as fainting or passing out.
Do you have questions about Dizziness/Syncope or fainting, passing out? Would you like to schedule an appointment with the best rated cardiologist NYC, Dr. Ghalchi, please contact our New York cardiology center. For more tips and techniques for preventing fainting, passing out episodes or Syncope treatment make an appointment at NYC Cardiology, Manhattan Cardiovascular Associates of New York.
Dr. Michael Ghalchi, Cardiologist (Cardiologist NYC, Midtown)
New York, NY 10010
(Between Madison Ave & Park Ave)
61 Broadway, Ste 900
New York, NY 10006
(Near the New York Stock Exchange)


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Breakfast is my favorite meal of the day. I love it because it's so versatile- you can have it hot or cold, simple or fancy, large or small, quick or drawn out. Plus, as long as you call it breakfast, you can have dessert in the morning! Breakfasts made with cookie butter are no exception. You can take pretty much any breakfast item, add some cookie butter, and you suddenly have a new, exciting breakfast to enjoy! Here are a few of the most amazing cookie butter breakfast ideas from around the web:
- Biscoff coffee cake muffins- http://www.whitelightsonwednesday.com/biscoff-coffee-cake-muffins/
- Biscoff pancakes- https://www.rachelcooks.com/2012/07/18/biscoff-pancakes/
- Biscoff poptarts- https://flour-child.net/2013/01/30/biscoff-pop-tarts/
- Biscoff stuffed French toast- http://kokocooks.com/2012/08/biscoff-stuffed-french-toast/
- Chocolate chip biscoff Danish braid- https://www.anniesnoms.com/2015/04/07/easy-chocolate-chip-biscoff-danish-braid/
- Cinnamon blueberry biscoff breakfast cookies- http://www.kevinandamanda.com/cinnamon-blueberry-biscoff-breakfast-cookies/#_a5y_p=983874
- Coffee-biscoff-bacon donuts- https://topwithcinnamon.com/2013/04/how-to-make-doughnuts-with-video-and-coffee-biscoff-bacon-doughnuts.html
- Cookie butter cinnamon rolls- http://thezealandzest.com/recipe/cookie-butter-cinnamon-rolls
- No-bake speculoos granola bars- https://www.twopeasandtheirpod.com/no-bake-biscoff-granola-bars/
- Pumpkin pecan cookie butter bread- https://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/pumpkin-pecan-cookie-butter-bread/f6332908-9616-417f-ac9f-c428c7bb9d61
If you have house guests coming for Thanksgiving, serve them some of these breakfast desserts and they'll never want to leave!


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This jet black leather mens biker is crafted from leather quality Sheep Danta. This type of leather is one of the new qualities this summer. The leather has a tough and luxurious look. The leather is washed first and then treated with a wax for a nice and soft feel. The black leather mens biker has a light shiny effect. The black leather mens biker is a sturdy jacket, suitable for the rebellious and sturdy man. The leather mens biker has beautiful details like the epaulettes on the shoulders and a clean stitching pattern on the elbows. On the front of the black biker, additional details are attached, such as the extra zipper and pocket. The black leather mens biker has an asymmetric zipper and two zippered side pockets.
Good upkeep is essential to a long product life. We recommend you to read all our tips for use.


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Pedal with us through a few of South America's most renowned markets, taking in an abundance of fruits, vegetables and native seafood. Pedal off the beaten path of most tourists and interact with true Chileans while they hustle as day breaks over the capital city, tasting, smelling, bartering and bantering. Steer your way through the graffiti-filled walls of bohemian Bellavista, pausing to chat inside our immigrant neighborhoods that are vibrant and lively with Korean, Middle Eastern and Peruvian descendants. Bring your camera because few tourists stumble upon these yet to-be-discovered neighborhoods. By the end of the tour you'll have a brand new understanding of Chilean culture and history in the capital city – and know a darn good place to find your next meal!
Why take THIS tour, Why THIS tour with us? Our Green Team has fine-tuned this tour since we started in 2008, always striving to make it better tomorrow than it was today. That is the commitment we make to you. We are sure you'll discover STGO hidden gems that you'd never experience inside a tour bus. Our tours are up-close and personal, not to mention bilingual (Spanish and English), so you will converse with your guide and learn some local slang. In the words of a TripAdvisor fan, La Bicicleta Verde tours are "far from the conventional boring tours with 'Wikipedia-like' information" (gmeschmidt, Florianopolis). If you are not convinced, check out our rave reviews on TripAdvisor.
Who should NOT take this tour? We made a list of 7 people who are not welcome. #1 says: "People who want everything organized perfectly from day one to the final departure." This tour visit markets and other public places, which means it can be chaotic. We bike through a capital city of 6 million people and traffic can slow us down. Expect the unexpected.'
Why take THIS tour, why take this tour with US? Taking a walking tour with us is more thrilling than taking a bus tour with an overly rehearsed speaker. Wally's are hired on the basis of how much they love this city (and their sense of humor). On average our Wally's stay with us for over a year, demonstrating their enjoyment of giving the tours and meeting you guys! We never carry over 22 travelers to 1 guide ensuring you a personalized trip/experience. This tour is knowledge meets passion all compacted into a local (dare I say funny) guide. It is no wonder that we are TripAdvisors #1 walking tour in STGO. TripAdvisor user Tahnas described this tour as a – "great way to see and learn about Santiago's political & cultural history in a relaxed and cool way."
This pay-what-you-like tour shouldn't be missed, choose your tour (English or Spanish?)
Who should not take this tour? We wrote a post about the kind of people that should avoid our tours… Number 5 reads:" If you do not like; kids, dogs, tattoos, the color green, or gay people, you will hate what we do. We are family friendly (we were kids once too), our guides have tattoos or a funky piercing, that's cos they're funky people! Lastly, we positively discriminate when we hire gays, gays for days… that's how we roll. "
- Start Time9:30
- Price$41USD
- Duration3 Hours
- AvailabilityEvery Single Day!
- Start/FinishLa Bicicleta Verde Base, Loreto 6
- Distance7 km
- DifficultyRelaxed. Be confident on the streets with your bike
- ChildrenAvailable for children ages 2 and up
- Group sizeNever more than 6 travelers without a 2nd guide
- What to BringOnly yourself and comfy clothes, no spandex required!
- InclusionsWater, helmet, sunscreen, bilingual guide and your green machine (bike)
- Not includedPick-up, insurance
Ever since 2009, Lonely Planet recommends this "two-wheel town tour with a cultural bend," and our local guru guide (the person with the knowledge, cycle skill sets and handsome looks) will get you informed, fitted and kitted upon arrival.
9:30am: we head to bohemian and graffiti-filled Barrio Bellavista. Weaving between cobbled streets and colorful murals. We make a pit stop at the house of famous Chilean poet and cultural icon, Pablo Neruda. There will be time to stop and enjoy the old-school architecture and appreciate your favorite street art.
10am: Next stop Patronato… Santiago's Middle Eastern, Korean and Peruvian district. You'll discover how these immigrants have integrated into Chilean culture and why they settled here during the days of the Ottoman empire, Korean War and the economic downfall of our northern neighbors.
10:30am: Zoom zoom zooooom... Along the north side of the Mapocho river to La Vega Central, Santiago's largest fruit, vegetable and everything in-between market. Here you'll park your noble steed and discover the market by foot, allowing more room to weave through the aisles of stalls! We maneuver south over the river about 2 blocks to fish around in the Mercado Central, Santiago's largest seafood market in the downtown area. Bring your camera because La Bicicleta Verde has been visiting both of these markets since 2008, so locals are happy to take pictures with us... and you.
12:00: Hop back on your bikes to head through the picturesque Parque Forestal, one of our favorite pieces of the 14 kilometer long riverside park that runs through our capital city.
12:15pm: Ok maybe you're a bit tired now. Head back to the La Bicicleta Verde base. Fill up your water, have use of our wifi, and your guide will hang around and help out with any questions. We're happy to dish out our local knowledge if you need any recommendations! In a word, we want you to love Santiago like we do and have a great time doing it! The "local life and markets tour is ridiculously fun" - (Techknowgirl, New York.) Don't believe us? Check us out on TripAdvisor!
- gmeschmidt: La Bicicleta Verde was one of the best experiences we had in Santiago and certainly is the best way to get to know the city
- MarkW74: What a great way to tour Santiago! This was a great way to get your bearings and compare the guidebook "must see" sights...
- Kiana V.: You could tell their guides aren't doing this for the money but because they truly love the culture they're representing...


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Quick Start Program
We have many programs for justice involved communities, some paid by the State of Arizona as well as pilot programs for early release in the Maricopa County jails and adult probation. Not evry vivre resident is justice involved – some come to us before that. Either way most residents participate in the 'Quick Start Program', which is offered typically for 90 days, to our residents. There is also an aftercare program that residents can take advantage of, who choose to extend their stay beyond 90 days.
Our program is about accountability and independance so that following the program the resident has the best chance to stay substance free. Our self pay program fees are $120 per week. Those men and women in reentry (on community corrections may be referred by the Department based on need and availibility. Our housing sites are scattered over Maricopa County we have 180 beds for men and women currently. These are apartment units with each unit furnished, and is equipped with a full-sized kitchen. Residents are provided food in the first phase of the program by our own cooks in our commercial kitchen. Once the resident is employed they become responsible for providing their own food/meals, toiletries and towels. All that is needed to begin is a desire to heal. To Live- ViVRE


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Tips for Seniors...
Help... What should I wear?!
This is definitely one of our most common questions... and there's no right or wrong answer.
The most important thing to remember is simple:
Bring clothes that make YOU look like YOU!
You are not going to be comfortable in clothing that you don't like or aren't - well - comfortable in. And that means your pictures won't look their best.
So if you're a jeans and t-shirt person, wear them. If you love to dress up, by all means, do so. Today's senior portraits are about you and (just about) anything goes - loud colors, polka dots, zig-zags, stripes, patterns, whatever you want.
If you can't look in the mirror and say, "yeah, that looks like ME and I look great" then you probably haven't found your perfect outfit yet.
The Next Most Important Thing:
Bring different outfits. Yes, I mean different. Not just the same style of shirt in a different color.
Remember, you don't need to look "dressed up" or "cleaned up" in all your pictures. Think about it: polo shirts, t-shirts, hoodies and sweats, beaters, dress shirts/blouses, camies, jackets, coats, ties (really? sure... how about a bow tie!), so many choices... and that's just the top!
And if you're gonna get sports/activity-themed pictures done, make sure you go all out! A band picture isn't great without you instrument... A football player looks a lot tougher with pads and a helmet, not just a jersey. And dress shoes just don't work for a track star!
Cool senior pictures are awesome and will be ones you love for years to come. But don't forget, you might need a "formal" picture for your school yearbook. And even if you don't, Grandma (and maybe even your parents) probably will appreciate a "nice" picture better than an "cool" one. So even if it's not really you, make sure you have some nice dress clothes too.
More Tips...• Bring multiple outfits that reflect your personality and personal taste.
• Bring clothes that complement the location that you are shooting at, but also that reflect the changing seasons.
• Solid colors photograph best. Limit the number of outfits with complicated patterns and t-shirts with writing on them.
• Earth tones (browns, greens) work well with outdoor shots.
• Generally, "calm" colors, such as black, white, gray, dark green, dark blue, brown and maroon are best for the more formal or dressy-casual portraits. Bold colors like red, pink, many blues and other bright colors can be overpowering but work great for for informal, casual and fun pictures!
• Leather jackets can be worn or "thrown on" with many different outfits for a sophisticated causal look.
• Make sure you have shoes and socks to match your clothes!
• Accessories, such as jewelry, hats and watchescan make you outfit! Keep it simple and tasteful: too much bling can look gaudy.
• Kelble Imagery offers unlimited clothing changes during your session, so don't be afraid to bring extras!
• Check out the clothes before you bring them. Make sure they still fit right and look good in the mirror. Don't be afraid to ask you family and friends for their input!
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Copyright 2010-2013 Kelble Imagery All Rights Reserved.


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The final race in this vital warm-up to next week's Subaru World Championships, held in strong winds and tidal conditions, produced a surprise winner in Ireland's Ian MATTHEWS and Ben MULLIGAN, who finished ahead of Britain's Steve GOACHER and Phil EVANS and third-placed Lavery & O'Brien.
The race start was delayed by a series of wind shifts, and several leading crews were excluded for start-line infringements including early leaders Alderson & McAuley (AUS), Mander & Hewkin (USA).
"It's been a fantastic week for us" commented John Lavery, the 2000 Irish champion who now adds the 2003 title to his haul. "The sailing today was tough but very satisfying. Strong winds and a rolling swell made the spinnaker hard to control, but we really enjoyed it! It's been a great event"
Nick & Janet Jerwood (AUS) took runner-up spot in the final Pre-Worlds standings from Goacher/Evans (GBR), Estaugh/Harper (GBR) and Packer/Mudford (AUS). Sean CRAIG/Stephen BOYLE took runner-up spot in the Irish Nationals, ahead of Matthews/Mulligan and Willis/McPeake.
The Subaru Flying Fifteen World Championships are hosted by the National Yacht Club, Dun Laoghaire on August 3 - 9th. The Subaru Pre Worlds and Irish National Championships take place on July 29 - 31st. These are the largest sailing events in Ireland this year and are supported by Subaru, the Irish Sports Council, Dublin Port and Texaco.
Full results are available on the event website at the address below.
World Sailing Newsletter
World Sailing Newsletter is the weekly online newsletter of World Sailing.
It features the latest news and events from the sailing world together with features and info in an easy-to-use format.
It features the latest news and events from the sailing world together with features and info in an easy-to-use format.


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Basscat boat / xpress boat and many more
Germany (DE)
PLEASE NOTE: The Luremasters 2020 is full (23.01.2020 - 15:00) - you can still sign up and you will be added to a waiting list. We will inform you on January 30th if you will get your chance to compete in the Luremasters 2020 and, if neccessary, refund your entrance fee.
Please subscribe at the bottom of the page using your Team Name, with the email address and phone number of the Team Captain. Only one participant per team has to subscribe.
After subscribing you automatically enter your team page, where you can fill out your team details such as participant names, pictures and potential sponsor details.
Costs are 600 EURO per team, after subscribing you will automatically recieve an email with payment request. Your subscription will be finalized upon payment. Maximum 99 teams (9 reserved for sponsors). When competition is full we will use a spare list for teams that subscribed, which we will use top down looking at date of subscription.


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Honor the Heroes of the Game, Preserve Its History, Promote its Values & Celebrate Excellence Everywhere
Share your pictures, videos, and stories from your visit to the Pro Football Hall of Fame on our social media. We might even feature you in one of our promotions!
Thursday, Nov 21 2013
Rod Woodson on Terrell Davis discuss the first-year eligible semifinalist candidates on NFL Network's "The First Cut."


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What are the settings of Quickprint want to use these as a starting point for experiments
stefanl38, in Cura + plugins
stefanl38, in Cura + plugins
Welcome to the Ultimaker Community of 3D printing experts. Visit the following links to read more about our Terms of Use or our Privacy Policy. Thank you!


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How to clean iPhone/iPad/iPod backup files
Last week I was cleaning up my system and I checked the disk usage. I found that my user folder is taking hell of space and I was sure that I am not saving big/much files in Desktop/Document or other user-folders. So I tried to find the disk usage using Disk Inventory X for Mac and found that iPhone/iPad/iPod touch backup files are taking around 46GB. That's too much and I don't need old backup […]
Synchronize contacts between Nokia, Sony, BlackBerry and other phones
Today I was searching for a new phone for my friend. We discussed about his requirement and one of his main requirement was contacts backup. He said he is using Sony Ericsson and it's contact backup format is not supported in other phones. So he needs some method to synchronize data with other models. Many of us have faced the same situation or you will face this when we change our phone or want to […]
Easily backup your files with MS SyncToy
Why you need a tool to backup your files? We can copy files by copying and pasting, but how difficult it is when you have to synchronize many folders/files. For example:- I have to backup my photos. softwares and documents from my laptop to my external hard disk regularly. I download updated softwares from many sources, photos from my camera and also many files and documents from mobile and mails to my laptop's backup and […]
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Time to Eat the DogsA Podcast About Science, History, and Exploration
Archive for Mountains
Exploration Round-Up
So much exploration news rolls through the wires that it's impossible to write posts about all of it, even a small fraction of it. So I tweet when I can, but 140 characters is not a lot of space to offer analysis or even useful links. So I am going to the occasional round-up here: a short, annotated, links page to developing stories. Think of it as a expeditionary snack: more calories than a tweet, less filling than a post.
Polar Regions
The biggest exploration story out of the high Arctic in recent weeks is adventurer Bear Grylls's report of finding human bones, tools, and large campfire remains near King William's Island. He suggested that these might have been the remains and artifacts of Sir John Franklin's doomed expedition of 1845. Russell Potter has been following the story closely on his blog Visions of the North.
Roger Launius's Blog profiles former NASA administrator Dan Goldin lecture about NASA's efforts in astrobiology. The Journal of Cosmology just published a special issue Colonizing Mars: The Human Mission to the Red Planet. Many of the essays are quite pro-Mars. Mine is not. In The Problem of Human Missions to Mars I discuss the reasons why plans for human missions to Mars (and there have been many) never seem to go anywhere.
Mikael Strandberg takes up the issue of Fakes and Cheats in exploration, focusing on the motives of explorers in lying about their claims. This issue has a long history, one that I've written about here in regards to the North Pole Controversy of 1909. Yet its a subject that never seems to goes away. The claims of high-altitude climbers routinely come into question today. In January, ExplorersWeb wrote an editorial about rampant fabrication of claims by climbers in the Karakorum. More recently, Jake Norton, author of The MountainWorld Blog, discussed the revelation of speed-climber Christian Stangl's faked climb of K2. The BBC also challenged Oh Eun-Sun's claim to be the fastest women to climb all fourteen 8,000 meter peaks. Yet not everyone's ducking the hard routes. Those Who Dared profiles the survival stories of climbers who barely made it back. And for some brilliant photos of climbers in the field, The MountainWorld Blog features photos from Sir Younghusband's 1903 expedition to Tibet. The Asia Society's Rivers of Ice project offers a more sobering photographic record of the Himalaya today, chronicling, in mega-pixel detail, the effects of global warming on glaciers.
The Myth of Pure Experience
The Hero's Journey
The hero's journey is a story common to all human cultures. While this story varies from from place to place and era to era, there are deep structural similarities among its forms. So common were these basic structural elements that comparative mythologist Joseph Campbell called the hero story a "monomyth."
The story has a structure that we recognize in Bible stories and big-screen films alike: a hero departs the comforts of the known world on a quest. She endures physical and emotional trials, gains wisdom, and returns home to impart lessons learned on the journey.
Campbell's eagerness (following Jung's) to reduce all stories to basic structures makes me a little uneasy. (Can we really blueprint all human art forms?) But in the case of the hero story, I think he was on to something. The power of the journey story does appear to have almost universal expression and a common lesson also: that we gain knowledge by our encounter with the unknown and its perils.
That doesn't mean, however, that the monomyth is monolithic. I see two important variants: some heroes gain knowledge in their quest that adds to things they already know (e.g. Moses and Jesus). Others discard their possessions and beliefs in order to find the truth (e.g. Plato's prisoner of the cave, Siddhārtha Gautama, and St Francis of Assisi).
Since the late 1700s, the latter variant of the hero monomyth — that one must escape civilization in order to find oneself — has gained a strong foothold in the West. Although the idea that civilization corrupts is an old one, it has blossomed with the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and others.
In its most extreme form, the escape-civilization-to-find-enlightenment myth suggests that the traveler or explorer gains wisdom only when civilization is burned away by extreme experience. As climber Robert Dunn put it in 1907: explorers were "men with the masks of civilization torn off."
Or as climber David Breashears expressed it a century later:
The idea is that all the artifice that we carry with us in life, the persona that we project—all that's stripped away at altitude. Thin air, hypoxia—people are tremendously sleep-deprived on Everest, they're incredibly exhausted, and they're hungry and dehydrated. They are in a very altered state. And then at a moment of great vulnerability a storm hits. At that moment you become the person you are. You are no longer capable of mustering all this artifice. The way I characterize it, you either offer help or you cry for help.
But if the journey does its wisdom-building work by tearing off the mask of civilization, by stripping away artifice, we are left with this question:
What's underneath the mask?
Dunn and Breashears imply that the true self is revealed: the intense experiences of the journey shear the subject of culture and its trappings. This is a comforting idea at first glance because it presumes that
1) you can find yourself by setting out on an exceptionally difficult adventure.
2) your problems are the result of your culture rather than your essential nature.
This reminds me a lot of John Locke who also believed that you could neatly separate the original self from one imprinted by civilization. In An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690), Locke argued that human beings begin their journey tabula rasa — as blank slates — waiting to be shaped by experience. The Lockian newborn was a human TiVo pulled from its styrofoam packing, waiting to be filled by sounds and images that would give it its special identity.
I doubt that Dunn or Breashears believe the journey can return the explorer to the perfect self of the infant. I expect they see the perilous journey as a way of re-booting the TiVo rather than wiping it clean, clear out old programming to make space for new material.
The Cult of New Experience
The important point here is this: those who think of the self as something that can be purged of culture, like a psychological master cleanse, tend to weight the power of new experience over the power of reason or ideas, to prefer the bungee jump over the writer's retreat. In their view, traditional ideas impede our understanding rather than advance it. To access the new, we need to leave our old selves — like a pair of flip-flops — at the door.
Perhaps this obsession with the power of experience explains why so many travelers and explorer seem concerned with having "authentic" experience rather than ones they see as packaged, hybrid, or touristy. In the traveler's search for the truly different, she must avoid experiences that carry the whiff of world left behind. She avoids the McDonalds in Karachi. She turns down the tour bus to the pyramids. She resists the urge to text-message home from the summit of Everest.
But is our faith in the uber-experience wise? Can we peel away our culture like the rind off an orange? Closer inspection shows how much culture enters the flesh, shapes us, makes us. Humans have an innate form, of course, but its a form that cannot function without an environment. So speaking about one without the other is like asking "Which do plants need more: water or light?"
Before we make pure experience the holy grail of the self-knowledge, then, we need to pay closer attention to the way humans think about these experiences.
First, authentic is a rather squishy concept. Cultures routinely borrow and import what they need from other cultures. For example, in Eat Pray Love, Elizabeth Gilbert discovers herself in part through her ecstatic encounter with Italy. Italy's authenticity is expressed through its foods: it is a place of fried zucchini blossoms and sizzling Margarita pizza. Yet the core ingredients of these foods — zucchini and tomatoes — are foreign to Italy. They are both New World species, brought back to Europe and incorporated into Italian cooking in the 19th century. What is authentically Italian experience for Gilbert was, two centuries earlier, suspiciously foreign and non-Italian.
Second, experience itself is never pure, never unmediated (as I wrote about in my recent post about Moscow). Even those experiences which seen so expressly sensory — the joy of food, sex, art — feel different according to our beliefs about them. In his book, How Pleasure Works: The New Science of Why We Like What We Like, Paul Bloom explodes the myth of pure experience:
What matters most is not the world as it appears according to our senses. Rather, the enjoyment we get from something derives from what we think that thing is. This is true of intellectual pleasures, such as the appreciation of paintings and stories, and also for pleasures that seem simpler, such as the satisfaction of hunger and lust. For a painting, it matters who the artist was; for a story whether it is truth or fiction; for a steak we care about what sort of animal it came from; for sex, we care about who we think our sexual partner really is [xii]
Can we apply Bloom's analysis of pleasure to the explorer's experience of pain? Does the ascent up Everest gain meaning because of the pure experience of frostbite and hypoxia? Or does it matter more that the climber is enduring such pain on the slopes of the world's tallest mountain? The mask of civilization is not something that the climber rips away. It's the reason the climber is there in the first place.
First, Fastest, Youngest
Firsts have always been important in exploration. This seems rather straightforward, even tautological, to say since being first is woven into the definition of exploration. After all, traveling to unknown places is doing something that hasn't been done before (or at least hasn't been reported before). And this is how the history of exploration often appears to us in textbooks and timelines: as lists of expeditionary firsts from Erik the Red to Neil Armstrong.
In truth, though, firsts are fuzzy.
Some fuzziness comes from ignorance, our inability to compensate for the incompleteness of the historical record. This is a perennial problem in history in general and history of exploration in particular. (I call it a problem but it's actually what makes me happy and keeps me employed).
Was Christopher Columbus the first European to reach America in 1492? Probably not, since evidence suggests that Norse colonies existed in North America five hundred years before he arrived. Was Robert Peary the first to reach the North Pole in 1909? It's hard to say since Frederick Cook claimed to be first in 1908 and its possible that neither man made it.
Some fuzziness comes from the different meanings we give to "discovery." The South American leader Simon Bolivar called Alexander von Humboldt "the true discoverer of America." Bolivar did not mean this literally since Humboldt traveled through South America in 1800, 17 years after Bolivar himself was born there, 300 years after Columbus first arrived in the Bahamas, and about 16,000 years after Paleo-Indians arrived in America, approved of what they saw, and decided to stay.
But for Bolivar, Humboldt was the first person to see South America holistically: as a complex set of species, ecosystems, and human societies, held together by faltering colonial empires. Being first in exploration, Bolivar realized, meant more than planting a flag in the ground.
At first glance, we seem to have banished fuzziness from modern exploration. For example, there is little doubt that Neil Armstrong was the first human being to set foot on the moon since the event was captured on film and audio recordings, transmitted by telemetry, and confirmed by material artifacts such as moon rocks. (Moon hoax believers, I'm sorry. I know this offends.) Were the Russians suddenly interested in challenging Armstrong's claim to being first, they would have a tough time proving it since Armstrong could give the day and year of his arrival on the moon (20 July 1969) and even the exact hour, minute, and second when his boot touched the lunar surface (20:17:40 Universal Coordinated Time).
But this growing precision of firsts has generated its own ambiguities. We have become more diligent about recording firsts precisely because geographical milestones have become more difficult to achieve. As a result, there has been a shift from firsts of place to firsts of method. As the forlorn, never-visited regions of the globe diminish in number, first are increasingly measured by the manner of reaching perilous places rather than the places themselves.
For example, Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary were the first to ascend Mt. Everest in 1953, but Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler were the first to climb the mountain without oxygen in 1978. In 1980, Messner achieved another first, by ascending Everest without oxygen or support.
Now as "firsts of difficulty" fall, they are being replaced by "firsts of identity." James Whittaker was the first American to summit Everest in 1963. Junko Tabei was the first woman (1975). Since then, Everest has spawned a growing brood of "identity first" summits including nationality (Brazil, Turkey, Mexico, Pakistan), disability (one-armed, blind, double-amputee) and novelty (snowboarding, married ascent, longest stay on summit).
It would be easy to dismiss this quest for firsts as a shallow one, a vainglorious way to achieve posterity through splitting hairs rather than new achievements. But I don't think this is entirely fair. While climbing Everest or kayaking the Northwest Passage may have little in common with geographical firsts in exploration 200 years ago, this is not to say that identity firsts are meaningless acts. They may not contribute to an understanding of the globe, but they have become benchmarks of personal accomplishment, physical achievements — much like running a marathon — that have personal and symbolic value.
Still, I am disturbed by the rising number of "youngest" firsts. Temba Tsheri was 15 when he summited Everest on 22 May 2001. Jessica Watson was 16 last year when she left Sydney Harbor to attempt a 230 day solo circumnavigation of the globe. (She is currently 60 miles off Cape Horn). Whatever risks follow adventurers who seek to be the oldest, fastest, or the sickest to accomplish X, they are, at least, adults making decisions.
But children are different. We try to restrict activities that have a high risk of injury for minors. In the U.S. for example, it is common to delay teaching kids how to throw a curve ball in baseball until they are 14 for fear of injuring ligaments in the arm. Similar concerns extend to American football and other contact sports.
So why do we continue to celebrate and popularize the pursuit of dangerous firsts by minors? What is beneficial in seeing if 16-year-olds can endure the hypoxia of Everest or the isolation of 230 days at sea. Temba Tsheri, current holder of youngest climber on Everest, lost five fingers to frostbite.
We must remember that to praise "the youngest" within this new culture of firsts, we only set the bar higher (or younger as it were) for the record to be broken again. In California, Jordan Romero is already training for his ascent of Everest in hopes to break Tsheri's age record. He is thirteen.
Mountains of the Moon
In 1788, twenty years after sailing into the Pacific with Captain Cook, Joseph Banks turned his attention to the next riddle of geographical science: the exploration of Africa. In St. Albans Tavern in London, Banks and the other members of the elite Saturday Club drafted a proposal of action:
Resolved: That as no species of information is more ardently desired, or more generally useful, than that which improves the science of Geography; and as the vast Continent of Africa, notwithstanding the efforts of the Antients, and the wishes of the Moderns, is still in a great measure unexplored, the Members of this Club do form themselves into an Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Inland Parts of that Quarter of the World.
The Saturday Club acted quickly. It endorsed the resolution, established an Association, put together an expeditionary fund, and commissioned John Ledyard (also a veteran of Cook's voyages) to cross the African continent from east to west. Ledyard arrived in Egypt ready to complete the "efforts of the Ancients" but was struck down by illness in Cairo. He died before his boots got sandy.
Ledyard's death was a disappointment to the Association, but it couldn't have come as much of a surprise. Africa had proved itself resistant to European efforts for over three centuries. The first forays into Africa began badly. In 1446 Portuguese mariner Nuno Tristão took twelve men up the Gambia River in pursuit of Africans and riches. Tristão was attacked by Gambian tribesmen and killed along with half of his party.
The Portuguese learned from Tristão's mistake. When they returned to West Africa, they abandoned their plans to explore and conquer the interior, preferring to set up outposts or "feitorias" on the coast from which they could trade with African kingdoms of the interior.
Other factors inhibited exploration as well. The inhospitable conditions of the Sahara made overland expeditions difficult. The great rivers of Central Africa seemed more promising, but they were filled with cataracts that made it impossible to travel far by boat. Malaria felled Europeans who traveled inland, and sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) not only attacked humans but horses. The horse, so effective as a weapon of war for Europeans battling the Incas in the New World, proved useless in European efforts to dominate Central Africa.
Despite Africa's importance in the Atlantic economy as a source of slaves and gold, then, it remained poorly understood in Europe. As a result, it remained a place of mythical and geographical speculation: on the source of the Nile, the riches of Timbucktoo, the Gold Mines of Ophir, the trans-continental mountains of Kong, and the mysterious Mountains of the Moon.
This explains the power of Africa in the Western imagination even late into the nineteenth century. For writers and artists, Africa became a canvas upon which almost anything could be painted. In Anglo-American literature, Africa found a home in the work of dozens of writers including H. Rider Haggard (King Solomon's Mines, She), Joseph Conrad (The Heart of Darkness), and Edgar Rice Burroughs (Tarzan). Interestingly, the Africa of these works was background rather than foreground, a region made dark (morally, racially, and geographically) so as to better illuminate its protagonists — Allan Quartermain, Charles Marlow, Lord Greystoke — as they found adventure and enlightenment.
How such ideas were projected upon the surface of maps is the focus of Princeton's excellent online exhibition, To the Mountains of the Moon: Mapping African Exploration, 1541-1880. Created by curator John Delaney, To the Mountains of the Moon offers a history of Africa as seen through European eyes.
As one might expect, early Renaissance maps of Africa were colorful, fantastical documents. What they lacked in credible information they compensated for with a rich palate of speculation. On Sebastian Münster's 1554 map of Africa one finds the home of the mythic Christian hero, Prester John, as well as a tribe of one-eyed giants, the dough-faced Monoculi, who sit above the bight of Africa.
Nineteenth century maps added precision and sophistication. Gone are the mythic tribes and gold mines of early maps along with the chatty notes in Africa's margins about river currents, astronomical observations, Biblical figures, and anything tangentially related to the continent.
Yet the later maps leave out Africans too. If Prester John and African cyclops are not representative of Africa's peoples, at least they show it to be a place of human action and habitation. While some nineteenth century maps — by John Tallis and Victor Levasseur — present ethnographic scenes in the margins, others — such as William Winwood Reed's Map of African Literature — shows the continent as a white text, tabula rasa, for the names of European explorers. "LIVINGSTONE" stretches across Central Africa from Mozambique to the mouth of the Congo River. Which of these maps – Munster's or Reed's – shows the greater distortion?
Despite the excellent maps and essays, the menus of the exhibition are not very clear. It's easy to get lost and miss a map or two on the way out. This didn't stop Stanley. It shouldn't stop you.
Interview with Steph Davis
Steph Davis climbs such outrageously steep things that one wonders whether sorcery is involved, that perhaps her gifts extend beyond climbing to include the manipulation of physics. She has put up first ascents on the world's most frightening big-walls, from mountains in Pakistan and Baffin Island to Kyrgyzstan.
Davis is the first woman to free climb the Salathe Wall on El Capitan in Yosemite and to summit Torre Egger in Patagonia. She has also become an expert in BASE jumping (the acronym stands for Building, Antenna, Span, and Earth), a wild and unforgiving off-shoot of skydiving.
Yet Davis is also a scholar and accomplished writer. Her masters degree in literature focused on the canon of mountaineering literature. In her book, High Infatuation, Davis asks difficult questions about high-risk climbing, examining her own motives, personal relationships, and the broader meanings of her life's work.
Welcome Steph Davis.
You've done some amazingly dangerous climbs, from Mt Fitztroy in Patagonia to the Salathe Wall on El Capitan. When you pursue projects like these, how do think through the risks? Is there a red line that you won't cross? Or does the line change as you climb?
Climbing varies a lot with risk. For example, free climbing el cap is really difficult, but is much less risky than climbing in the mountains, even if the peak is technically easier to climb. So every style of climbing presents different challenges, in terms of difficult and danger, with lots of blurred lines too. I feel very aware of those elements, and at times I am pulled more towards pushing difficulty, and at other times more pulled toward negotiating risk.
For your masters thesis at Colorado State University, you studied mountaineering literature. Could you talk a bit about your project?
I was in the literature graduate program at CSU, and when the time came to do a master's project, I tried to think of areas that would interest me. Finally I went to my committee and asked them if I could do the project on mountaineering literature. At the time, this didn't exist as a field of study there. They were really receptive, and told me if I could write up a bibliography of works with short descriptions as part of the project, they would accept it. I chose a selection of mountaineering and climbing books I found canonical and made the bibliography, and then wrote a thesis project called "the reality of experience in mountaineering literature," about the ways in which reality can be so disparate and shifting for each individual who is living through extreme experiences. I framed the project as a personal essay, around a summer spent climbing on the Longs Peak Diamond in Colorado, because that was a writing style I was studying a lot.
Do you identify with any particular explorer or mountaineer?
I will always be in awe of Ernest Shackleton, and what he accomplished.
When Darwin went to Patagonia, he carried a copy of Alexander von Humboldt's Personal Narrative with him, an account of Humboldt's own journeys through South America. Do you bring books with you on your climbs? Do you ever have other climbers' experiences in mind as you make your ascent?
When I go on an expedition, I choose carefully since weight allowances force me to limit the books I bring, and I read very fast. So it's impossible to bring enough books for a whole trip. I usually try to bring some very thick, dense novels, also some books about natural science. I also bring one or two books in French or Spanish with a dictionary, because those can be entertaining for days. On actual climbs, I can barely spare the weight to bring food, much less books….but if I am climbing big wall style, I will always bring a journal.
You've written about the challenges of being a woman rock-climber in a male-dominated sport. Male climbers didn't always take you seriously or belittled your accomplishments. Has that changed with your success as a climber or do you still feel like you are treated differently?
It has changed. I wrote about that phase in my book, because it was a strange experience for me. As time has gone by, that phase is over, and I'm relieved, because I didn't appreciate it.
Do you think being a elite women climber affects the way you are treated by sponsors, fans, or the general public?
That is hard for me to answer. I have been climbing for 18 years, half my life, and have been climbing at a high level for a long time. So I don't have much perspective versus not being that way. People I meet do tell me that they are inspired or motivated by things I've done, and that makes me feel good. But I also feel that doing all these things is not really so unique or special. Everyone I meet has done amazing things in life, they just might not have the same sense of drama attached.
Many people can identify with your struggle to balance family relationships with your work. Yet even by these standards, it seems that you spend a great deal of time away from your friends, family, and dog Fletcher. How do you find the balance point in your life between climbing and these relationships?
Living a simple life is really difficult sometimes, oddly enough. For me, the hardest challenge right now is balancing travel with climbing. Travel is about the worst thing I can do for climbing fitness, but sometimes it's necessary for work or certain climbing or jumping plans. When I am at home, on a schedule of working out, and living a simple life, I can climb my best. Being in cars and airplanes and not climbing regularly just doesn't work….so it can be tricky. In recent years I started base jumping and wing suit flying. Now when I am traveling a lot, I take advantage of being in good jumping places, and focus on jumping instead. Which is great. It is also interesting right now, with Fletcher being 15 and very arthritic. She does not travel well, and mostly needs to be at home where she is comfortable since she can't walk as well. I definitely prefer to do things which don't require a lot of walking (certain climbing areas with short approaches where I can carry her and good campsites, skydiving at the local airport where she can be at the landing field, base jumps where she can hang out at the landing site) right now. I sometimes have to force myself to go running, because I really miss her when I run. And I worry a lot when I go on a trip for several weeks, right now.
After successfully free-climbing the Salathe Wall, you experienced a period of depression and self-doubt. As I understand it, you were trying to reconcile your beliefs in a philosophy of acceptance and mindfulness with the sometimes obsessive, single-focused determination you needed as a climber to reach your goals. Could you speak a bit about this? Does this conflict still affect you or have you come to terms with it?
The Salathe experience was pretty severe for me, partly because the climb took so much out of me. I was also dealing with a lot of challenges in my marriage, which made things even harder and raised a lot of questions about partnership, support, and giving. So the experience forced me into a lot of self-examination, and also eventually led me to conclude that there are positive ways to organize personal projects, without having to feel like a burden on others. So I feel very happy now when I get enthusiastic about a project, because I have found there are fun ways to involve others, without the sense of imbalanced giving or taking which is so often the characteristic of a major, individual climbing project, and that makes the entire experience very fulfilling.
It seems to me that the conflict you experienced after climbing the Salathe has parallels in the climbing community where some climbers seek some kind of inner peace or connection with nature whereas others are interested in peak-bagging and new ascents. Could you speak a bit about the culture of elite climbers? Is there a common set of values or is everyone different?
One of the best things about climbing is the fact that people can experience it in so many different ways.
What is your next big project?
Something involving free soloing!
Thanks Steph, good luck and safe travels.
For more on Davis's writings and climbing career, visit High Infatuation and read my earlier post Lessons of the Free Solo.
Call Me Starbuck
On February 6 2000, Guy Waterman drove his Subaru Impreza to Franconia Notch in New Hampshire, hiked up Mt Lafayette, and in the windy -16 degree night, let himself die of exposure.
Waterman was a man of many gifts and torments, a climber, writer, and environmentalist who lived for thirty years with his wife Laura Waterman off-the-grid in Vermont.
Of these torments, which drove him into deeper and deeper isolation, Waterman said little. Yet he wrote about them through the characters of literature. He was Shakespeare's Ariel battling the witch-child Caliban. He was Milton's proud Satan. He was tragic Prometheus. He was Melville's Ahab.
Ahab. As I read Laura Waterman's spare, graceful memoir, Losing the Garden: The Story of a Marriage , it seemed an appropriate metaphor for Guy Waterman.
Then, this morning, reading Maria Coffey's book, Where the Mountain Casts its Shadow: The Dark Side of Extreme Adventure, Ahab surfaced once again. Near the summit of Everest in 1996, David Breashears and Ed Viesturs come across a body near the Hillary Step.
They found [Bruce] Herrod's body clipped on to fixed ropes with a figure-eight rappel breake. He was hanging upside down, his arms dangling, his mouth open, and his skin black. "Like Captain Ahab," Breashears later wrote, "lashed to his white whale." [Coffey, 118]
It made me pause. One hears different many different literary metaphors for explorers and adventurers, but rarely Ahab.
Successful explorers find comparison to Odysseus, the brilliant, cock-sure hero of Homer's Odyssey. (Confined to the scurvy-ridden cabin of Advance over the long winter of 1854, Arctic explorer Elisha Kane would keep up the spirits of his men by reading them Alfred Tennyson's Odyssean poem "Ulysses") Those explorers who perish are commonly portrayed as Icarus, a boy whose joy with altitude overcame good judgment, causing him to fall to earth.
Both of these are figures are imperfect but bright of heart. Ahab is a different creature, a man of darker spirit, a figure turned in upon himself. Ahab's travels to the ends of the earth bring no discovery or enlightenment; he sees only the white whale. Ultimately his obsession brings tragedy to all, not only Ahab, but to those who follow him.
Is Ahab the true spirit of extreme adventure? You would not think so reading most adventure literature. While these books reveal some of the dirty laundry of expeditionary life, they mostly chronicle struggle and attainment, heroism and transcendence. Indeed, elite climbers often speak of the transcendent moment as the Holy Grail of high-altitude climbing, that thing which brings them back, time and time again, to the most dangerous mountains in the world.
Yet transcendence, going beyond oneself, is the opposite of obsession, a psychic tunneling-in so extreme that it diminishes or excludes everything around it: Golem's ring, Ahab's whale, Herrod's mountain.
Grim metaphors indeed. Perhaps the legions of 8000-meter peak baggers and Seven-Summiters should read Moby-Dick, digest the moral of Ahab, and then turn their attention to the Ahab's Quaker First Mate Starbuck:
[H]is far-away domestic memories of his young Cape wife and child, tend[ed] to bend him … from the original ruggedness of his nature, and open him still further to those latent influences which, in some honest-hearted men, restrain the gush of dare-devil daring, so often evinced by others in the more perilous vicissitudes of the fishery. "I will have no man in my boat," said Starbuck, "who is not afraid of a whale." By this, he seemed to mean, not only that the most reliable and useful courage was that which arises from the fair estimation of the encountered peril, but that an utterly fearless man is a far more dangerous comrade than a coward. [Melville, Moby-Dick]
If this seems too tame or Quakerish for the modern climber, perhaps they'd learn more from a more modern Starbuck, the character Kara "Starbuck" Thrace of the Sci-Fi channel's Battlestar Gallactica. Thrace is a woman of many demons, of violent appetites. Her thirst for transcendent experience has no limits. But ultimately she channels her dare-devilry into objects of common interest, the search for Earth, the return home.
Maybe I Was Wrong
Why do people climb 8000-meter mountains? Free-solo the Eiger? BASE jump the Eiffel Tower? Motives are tricky things.
My work on Arctic explorers gave me a way to think about it.
Nineteenth-century explorers had their own answers to the "why" question. In the 1850s, when U.S. exploration of the Arctic began, explorers defended their missions by describing all of the commercial benefits that would accrue from their expeditions: new routes to Asia, new whale fisheries, new technological innovations in ship design. (Interestingly, NASA features a similar-sounding set of commercial benefits when it justifies its current plan to return humans to the Moon and Mars).
Then, in the 1880s, explorers changed course, justifying their exploits by anti-commercial motives: we explore because it is impractical. We explore to escape the strictures of the civilized world. We explore for the sake of exploring. Or, in George Mallory's translation for mountain climbing, "because it's there."
In the language of day, the explorer had succumbed to "Arctic fever," a term used over and over again in the last decades of the nineteenth century to describe the seemingly irrational behavior of explorers in putting themselves at risk:
"The northern bacilli were in my system, the arctic fever in my veins, never to be eradicated." Robert Peary, 1898
"The polar virus was in [my husband's] blood and would not let him rest." Emma DeLong, 1884
Explorers are " infected with the same spirit." Frederick Cook, undated
"Arctic enthusiasm is an intermittent fever, returning in almost epidemic form after intervals of normal indifference." McClure's Magazine, 1893
As I tried to make sense of "Arctic Fever" for my book Coldest Crucible, I concluded that all of this talk of fevers was just another means to show purity of motive:
The disease may seem to be nothing but a playful literary metaphor, but it had serious functions. Arctic fever located the urge to explore in the human passions. It was a condition that afflicted the heart against the better judgement of the mind, operating beyond conscious control. Why should anyone attempt to reach the North Pole when it served no useful or scientific function? Because -explorers claimed- they felt irrationally compelled. In this way, Arctic fever masked rational motives for voyaging north, namely, the promise of celebrity and financial reward.
While explorers spoke about their irresistible compulsions, they were simultaneously working out huge publishing contracts, product endorsements, and lecture fees. At the time I wrote my book, it seemed to me that all of this talk of instinct, true spirit, experience of the sublime, etc. was just a matter of bait-and-switch: finding motives that would impress paying audiences and would hide the true, mercenary motives behind them.
I haven't abandoned this line of thinking entirely, but after reading the first chapter in Maria Coffey's book, Where the Mountain Cast Its Shadow, I think I need to revise it.
Coffey's book is about the effects of extreme adventure on the people left behind: spouses, parents, and children who have to come to terms with the loss of loved ones. She starts her book with interviews of adventurers who talk about their motives in putting themselves at such risk.
"Endurance, fear, suffering cold, and the state between survival and death are such strong experiences that we want them again and again. We become addicted. Strangely, we strive to come back safely; and being back, we seek to return, once more to danger." Reinhold Messner
"I was totally possessed. The experience was like some inner explosion. I knew it would somehow mark the rest of my life." Wanda Rutkiewicz
Coffey's list of climbers who speak about this compulsion is impressive. It extends beyond the elite, celebrity climbers such as Messner and Rutkiewicz to include those who do not have agents, publishing contracts, or product endorsements.
I am realizing that it's not enough to label this exploration "fever" as merely a savvy form of marketing. It is clearly a psychological manifestation too, one that Coffey links to the impact of extreme risk on biological factors such as adrenaline and dopamine.
Coffey also describes the way that such extreme experience can have, ironically, a quieting effect on adventurists, making them feel less moody, more even-keeled, more able to focus on the present moment. Indeed, more than one climber described climbing as an escape from distraction, a way to concentrate on the task at hand, to live in the moment, to experience things more fully.
At times, it made me wonder if there a common psychological profile for elite climbers. The frequency of people referring to attention and distraction sounded very similar to interviews conducted by Dr. Edward Hallowell in his book, Driven to Distraction, a book about attention deficit disorder (ADD).
The point here is not to throw out one label in order to replace it with another. But Coffey's book is making me realize that my work on the history of exploration should not only play out at the level of nations, empires, commerce, and popular culture. I need to make room for the individual, a tangled world of emotion, experience, and behavior.
I know that many of you are thinking "No duh! This is standard stuff for climbing books." True enough: Will power, spirit, fear, endurance, ecstasy: the meat and potatoes of adventure literature. But cultural historians are trained to think of personal motives as ultimately unknowable, a black box that should not be opened. To psychoanalyze the historical subject is like touching the third rail in the subway. Dangerous terrain.


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Samsung have obviously decided that the Omnia brand will be its cash-cow of choice in 2009 and flogged to death. On the plus side, the Samsung OMNIA HD is not bad for a flagship. Able to shoot HD video in 1280x720 at 24fps, the Samsung OMNIA HD handset also allows the user to edit the clip then playback direct to their HD TV. It would be great if the Samsung OMNIA HD's … [Read more...]
Alcatel Lego Phone » Build Your Own Handset
Lego seems hell-bent on world dominations (as witnessed by the Lego Death Star ) and by teaming up with Alcatel to bring us the Alcatel Lego Phone, they've proved that they want to dominate mobile communication and handsets too (a Lego phone, perfect for your 7 year old...). No word on release or even official confirmation as yet, the Alcatel Lego Phone will have … [Read more...]
LG Arena KM900 » iPhone Bruiser?
In the world of iPhone clones, the LG Arena KM900 looks to be another. The only difference we can spot from the teaser pictures is that the screen looks like it has some 3D depth, kind of like some Linux OS we've seen. Set to be revealed at the Mobile World Congress in a few days time, we will have all the technical details of the LG Arena KM900 then. As we have a few days … [Read more...]
Virgin Mobile Helio Ocean 2 » Riding On a Wave
The Virgin Mobile Helio Ocean 2 must be good. Any mobile handset that has a sequel, has to have been a hit in the first place in order for the makers to produce another, right? Then again, they beat the Motorola RAZR to death so this isn't always true.... Virgin's new handset of the month, the Helio Ocean 2, builds upon the success of its predecessor (funnily enough, named … [Read more...]
Hitachi Wooo KIDDI au
The new KIDDI au handsets incorporating the Hitachi Wooo 3D screen come with a health warning. That means we have to get it. Any gadget that comes with a warning must be awesome right? Warnings include: not to be used by children under six and the caveat that you should only use the Hitachi Wooo 3D function for 3 hours at a time. Sweet. KIDDI au look like they are … [Read more...]


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Children and Adolescents are dependent on parental counseling. And many a times, the fear and the regard act as restrictions in striking a communication. The problems in teens are of their own kind, they might be struggling with ADHD, peer pressure, learning disability or even intellectual dysfunction and they will not communicate about any of it. The general symptoms are silence, avoiding eye-contact, shying away from family & friends, nail biting, bad appetite etc., which signify that you might need a counselor for your teenage problem.
Our Expert Psychologists and therapists can speak to you or your child directly. The idea is to make them comfortable and help them open up. Based on the preference, the café counsel team connects with the teenagers through chat, text, phone or video call.
We help them with acceptance, eliminate the over-hauling peer pressure and guide them on how to deal with negative emotions and situations.
Feel free to connect with us and to help your child.


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From Rihanna To Miley Cyrus: 9 Bad Girls Of Pop
They've stripped off on stage and kicked off (literally) in a lift - check out the 9 bad girls of pop.
1. Rihanna
Rihanna famously got her Instagram account suspended back in April for posting photos that were too raunchy for the site. So she just posted some topless pics from a magazine shoot on Twitter instead. Badass! Picture: Melissa Forde Instagram
2. Miley Cyrus
Miley had the quickest transformation from clean-cut Disney princess to TOTAL bad girl - this girl does whatever the heck she wants and she doesn't care what anyone thinks. From ridiculously raunchy dance routines, lighting questionable cigarettes on stage and having an 'adult' themed birthday party, Miley is taking bad girl to the next level.
3. Nicki Minaj
Nicki Minaj is no stranger to a raunchy video, but she set the bar for booty-tastic music videos when she dropped her 'Anaconda' promo. From the artwork of her in little more than a VERY skimpy g-string to the raunchy video itself, Nicki left little to the imagination!
4. Iggy Azalea
Iggy has proved she will fight back against LITERALLY anyone that wrongs her - including Snoop Dogg and Eminem. Snoop posted a rude meme about Iggy on Twitter, and she hit back until he apologised. Eminem name dropped Iggy in some controversial lyrics but she got the last laugh by winning an AMA he was also nominated for... and then dissing him in her acceptance speech. Burn! Picture: PA
5. Beyonce
Queen Bey rarely puts a foot wrong, but she has recently been accused of Photoshopping her pictures… badly. Several of Bey's recent posts look to have been doctored as the backgrounds have odd contours where it looks like she's distorted the picture. Awk. Picture: Beyoncetumblr.com
6. Cheryl Fernandez-Versini
Cheryl may have the face of an angel but she has the booty of a bad girl! She's not shy of a tattoo or two, but the world took a collective gasp when her MASSIVE back/buttock piece was revealed to the world. Ouch! Picture: nikkohurtado
7. Solange Knowles
It doesn't matter if your sister is Beyonce and her husband is multimillionaire record producer Jay Z... when Solange Knowles gets the hump you WILL know about it! Solange famously had one heck of a bust-up with Jay Z in a lift, but the pair seem to have put their differences aside these days as Jay attended Solange's wedding.
8. Lady Gaga
Gaga can hardly be called shy and retiring, but the star took things to the next level for her performance at London's G.A.Y nightclub when she stripped totally naked on stage. We're pretty sure the unsuspecting clubbers in the front row got a LOT more than they bargained for! Picture: WENN
9. Azealia Banks
Rapper Azealia shocked the world with her VERY explicit lyrics to her song '212'. We weren't even sure half of the things she talked about in that song actually existed. Naughty girl!


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For some folks (and I include myself), AR-15s can be a work in progress for a very long time. While I don't subscribe to the "new accessory of the month club", I do appreciate quality hardware. And every now and again, I find myself wanting to do an upgrade after coming across a good forum thread on a particular item. In my case, I have a backup AR-15 (for my trips to Front Sight), so the take-offs from my M&P15 have a good home already lined up. I'm not sure if that is a simple way to help rationalize the need for an upgrade or not, but I know I don't feel bad accumulating a drawer full pieces and parts. <grin>
Last year, I installed a Troy 7" CAR/M4 Drop-In BattleRail on my M&P15. The BattleRail is not a free floating rail. I had the opportunity to put it through its paces on my last two Front Sight trips. It did a good job but every now and then, I believe I was seeing a bit of POI shift due to the various positions we were using. Along with the positions, I was switching back and forth between a GripPod (attached at the front end of the rail) and sand bags. When using the sand bags, I had them back against the front edge of the magazine well. Without a free floating rail (handguard), different pressures against the barrel can cause POI shifts.
I decided it was time to replace the Troy rail with one that was free floating.
My Eagle Arms EA-15 HBAR, could make good use of the Troy rail. Time to
find a replacement.
I didn't want to go the barrel removal route as is required for some free
floating rails. After a few nights spending searching and reading several
gun forums, I decided that the Daniel Defense Omega 7.0 rail was the one I
wanted. It free floats the barrel and does not require a barrel removal or
a change in the barrel nut. No special tools are necessary for the
installation. I had to supply a screwdriver and Daniel Defense included
the Allen wrench.
A few days and the FedEx guy arrived with my Omega rail. I was pleasantly
surprised to see a full set of rail ladders, something I was not expecting.
Since the rail is installed without the need to remove the barrel, front sight
base, etc., it comes as a two piece unit. My research indicated that the
two piece rail fit very tightly together and that movement was not an issue.
I was hoping this would be the case and was anxious to see if it were true.
The two rail pieces are held together with four screws (supplied).
It was time to get the installation going. I grabbed a handguard
installation tool from under the bench along with a set of gunsmith
screwdrivers. The first thing to do was to remove the Troy rail from the
Like the Omega 7.0 rail, the Troy BattleRail is a two piece rail that is also held together with screws. With the screws removed from the Troy rail, I used the handguard installation tool to compress the Delta ring and remove both pieces of the rail from the M&P 15.
The DD rail weighs in at 7.6 ounces and is CNC machined from 6061-T6 aluminum.
This is some pretty strong material. I used the same aluminum alloy on my
Jeep's transmission skid plate.
Daniel Defense applies a military spec Type III hard coat to the rail which
gives it a very durable anodized finish. Needless to say, I didn't apply a
hard coat finish to the skid plate on my Jeep.
More Omega 7.0 Rail
4x4 Off-Road Homestead Firearms RC Flying


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Contribute to ReadWriteThink / RSS / FAQs / Site Demonstrations / Contact Us / About Us
Learn All Year Long
Kids and teens should read and write even when they are out of school. Why is this so important?
ReadWriteThink has a variety of resources for out-of-school use. Visit our Parent & Afterschool Resources section to learn more.
Home › Parent & Afterschool Resources › Activities & Projects
Wild and Crazy Words
|Activity Time
|20-60 minutes
|Activity Author
DC Metro, Maryland
Activity Description
Learning how to spell words should be exciting and meaningful for children. Whether it be names for younger children or sight words or spelling words for older children, learning to spell words can--and should--be done in multi-sensory ways so that children are more engaged and multiple senses are activated in the process. This activity can be done in variety of ways, depending on what materials are available, and it can be done repeatedly, as the words used can continue to change.
Why This Is Helpful
Learning how to spell words is an important and necessary part of learning how to read. Examining individual words closely and by playing with the letters of a single word gives children the chance to remember the spelling and to look at the word from different angles. Engaging in multi-sensory activities, or activities that involve as many senses as possible (sight, sound, taste, touch, smell) and allowing children the freedom to get a little creative or messy with the learning of words, can make the experience more meaningful and exciting.


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Monday, 6 October 2014
Kate BUSH: The Whole Story
4 comments:
- Steven said...
Wonderful writing, wonderful record - very rare that someone does Kate Bush justice in their writing, so this is a pleasant change.
- as a note, unless I've forgotten something there was no, rather than hardly any, pre-HOL material in her live show. An awful feeling I've forgotten something obvious, but I can't think of anything earlier making the set list.
Also on the second Whole Story front, Fopp are claiming that there's a new best of coming mid-November, though this is as yet unconfirmed and I do believe similar releases have been prepped and scrapped before. So the retailer might be jumping the gun.
- 6 October 2014 at 13:42
- Adrian said...
Wonderful work. She's not an easy one to pigeonhole, which is why she's interesting. This was my introduction to Kate Bush and if I'm honest, she was the first female artist I took as seriously as Bowie or Strummer/Jones. It's too bad we put coats of varnish on these artists while they're still alive and lose touch with the scary bits that made us all take notice and learn a little something about being a human being.
- 6 October 2014 at 14:29
- Mark G said...
I was lucky enough to be a Radio 210 listener back in '78
when Mike Read and Steve Wright made "Wuthering Heights" a single-of-the-week, but had to drop it as the release had been put back what seemed to be another 6 weeks or thereabouts. So, we got to hear it well in advance.
Re the "Breathing" backing singer, the other week I was looking to see if there had been any progress as there had been a date set for hearings and so on. But all the dates mentioned have come and gone.
- 6 October 2014 at 14:46
- David Belbin said...
Not much of a Bush fan, a handful of songs excepted, but good to see the Roy Harper link made explicit. Roy knew all about her from the start. I remember him in 1978 privately describing her as Dave Gilmour's 'bit of fluff'. Not that I endorse the implication - I suspect Roy was prone to see forbidden fruit everywhere...
- 6 October 2014 at 17:14


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It's Friday again, and Fridays are for fun, right? Well, we at the blog think so! And, if it's going to be spring in winter, that whole topsy turvy world we seem to be living in right now, then the best thing we can do is to have as much fun as possible – on Friday, and every day really!
One of the big trends in beauty and makeup this year is lipsticks in…well, shall we say unusual shades. Think yellow – both the pale buttery colour and a bright sunshine yellow. Also high on the list? Blues in everything from baby blue to sky, to navy! And, the one that is really taking off? Green. Yup, green!
Green lipstick is not brand new, of course, but where it was once reserved for futuristic-looking models on the runway and a few daring, edgy celebs, it's now the go-to for us everyday people. And why not?!
Our on-trend friends at PopSugar have a hot off the presses article (from yesterday, it's that current!) that gives us all the details we need to perfect that lovely green pout! Check out We're Calling It: Edgy Green Lipstick Is the Dominating Color Trend of 2017 for best shades for your skin tone, and a few tricks of the trade (hint: a green eyeliner can double as a lip liner if you're stuck.)
For a deep, dark, dramatic green, have a look at this one from Anastasia Beverly Hills, as featured on The Gloss. Makeup goals indeed!
Cosmopolitan UK reports on a new collection from MAC featuring a whopping twenty-eight new lipstick colours! Now, not all of them are green, but the upcoming MAC Colour Rocker collection does have a few shades to satisfy our need for green, ranging from bright lime, to olive, teal, and forest greens!
Finally, if you like the idea of following the trend and carrying a green lipstick in your makeup bag, but you're not sure if you're ready to commit to something that far off the tried and true path, you might be ready for Frog Prince from Lipstick Queen. From the website:
Get heads turning with Frog Prince, a remarkable emerald green lipstick that transforms into magical rosebud upon contact with the lips. Don't be fooled by the deep green hue of this semi-sheer lipstick – the green reacts with the warmth of your lips turning them an intense, fairy tale rose. No two pairs of lips will look the same as it adapts according to your pH and natural coloring, appearing entirely different yet beautifully flattering on everyone.
Skeptical? Check out this Buzzfeed video and watch four women test it out!
Ready to give green a go? If you take the plunge, let us know in the comments! We'd love to hear what you think!
As always, thanks for reading! Enjoy the weekend, and we'll see you here on Tuesday.


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Archive for March, 2008
Jeffrey Pfeffer in the Lion's Den
| Nicolai Foss |
Management theory heavy-weight and über-econ-basher Jeffrey Pfeffer (cf. these posts) makes an appeareance in the Fall 2007 issue of . . . the Journal of Economic Perspectives — admittedly a rather "open" journal, but still one of the house journals of the American Economic Association. (more…)
Newspapers as Coasian Firms
| Peter Klein |
The hunter-gatherer model of journalism is no longer sufficient. Citizens can do their own hunting and gathering on the Internet. What they need is somebody to add value to that information by processing it — digesting it, organizing it, making it usable.
This is why we still need newspapers — or something like them. Ronald Coase, the British economist, once asked why we need business firms. Why can't all their activities be coordinated by individuals contracting with one another instead of working in a bureaucratic, command-and-control environment? The answer, he said, is transaction costs. If a manager had to negotiate with a free-lancer for every task, the cost in time would be unbearably high.
Searching for information on the Internet involves something like transaction costs because we have so many varied sources to evaluate. We need somebody we trust to organize them for us. That can be the task of the new journalism.
That's from the retirement speech of UNC journalism professor
Mizzou J-School Centenary
| Peter Klein |
My colleague Steve Weinberg's new book on John D. Rockefeller and Ida Tarbell, Taking on the Trust, is reviewed in today's Wall Street Journal. You can read an exerpt here (may be gated for non-subscribers). Steve has another new book, A Journalism of Humanity: A Candid History of the World's First Journalism School, about the University of Missouri's J-School, which is celebrating its centenary this year. As explained in the book the journalism school, like the first programs in business administration at Wharton, Tuck, HBS, and elsewhere, struggled to gain acceptance as a legitimate academic program and to escape the "trade-school" stigma.
While vocational programs in law and medicine have long been accepted as legitimate parts of the Academy, and engineering, agriculture, and architecture have been welcomed since at least the late 19th century (in the US, after the Morrill Act), business and journalism have faced particular difficulties becoming integrated into the academic mainstream. Actually, journalism today is even more of an outsider than business administration; for example, while many B-school faculty hold PhDs in economics, sociology, psychology, or other "traditional" disciplines, many J-school professors do not hold PhDs at all, with most being former industry professionals, more like B-school clinical professors. Those of you interested in the history and current problems of business schools might learn something from the experiences of journalism and other professional schools.
The Make-or-Buy Decision: Corporate Lawyer Edition
| Peter Klein |
What are our Lawyers made of?
What are our Lawyers made of?
Of Causes and fees, demurrers and pleas,
Learned Brother and lots of pother,
Counsel and jury with very wise looks,
Flaw in the indictment and statue books,
Such are our Lawyers made of,
Such are our Lawyers made of.
That's one answer. It ain't sugar and spice and everything nice, that's for sure. Whatever lawyers are made of, should firms make them in-house, or hire ones made by somebody else? Steven Schwarcz addresses this question in a new paper, "To Make or to Buy: In-House Lawyering and Value Creation" (Journal of Corporation Law, Winter 2008). Schwarcz notes that large firms have been shifting much of their transactional work from outside law firms to in-house lawyers. Analysis of survey data suggests that information costs and scale and scope economies are the most important drivers of this trend. Asset specificity seems to play a less important role, mainly because reputation effects are sufficient to mitigate opportunistic behavior by outside law firms. A very interesting paper on the make-or-buy decision.
Riding Off Into the Sunset. . . .
| Steve Phelan |
Dear colleagues, this post represents my 22nd and final post as a guest blogger on O&M. Over the last four months I have learned a lot about blogs and successful blogging. For instance, the average post on O&M gets seen/read by about 70 people in the first 48 hours. Of these, perhaps only 5% will comment on a post. But blog posts have an incredibly "long tail". The top posts on O&M average 3,000 or more views, with the top post over 7,000 views (see physics envy if you wish to add to the count). As a result of this long tail of posts, O&M receives about 1,000 hits per day! (more…)
Shared Governance: Benefits and Costs
| Peter Klein |
Back in grad school I was regularly hectored by a fellow student about joining the Association of Graduate Student Employees (AGSE), our local collective-bargaining association. Despite his attempt to stigmatize me as a free rider, I never joined. I didn't think I agreed with the organizations goals, and I was sure I didn't want to be associated with AGSE's parent organization, the United Auto Workers (go figure). One year there was even a strike, which I found silly (I scabbed).
This semester I'm getting repeated invitations to join the American Association of University Professors (AAUP). Again, I hesitate. Of course, as an American university professor, I'm happy to see more power, prestige, and perquisites go to American university professors (OK, specifically, to me). But the AAUP has a strange agenda. Its mission includes not only protecting academic freedom and defending the role of the university in public life, but also preserving shared governance. Having spent many years in university settings, I'm convinced that shared governance is grossly inefficient, at least most of the time. There can be benefits, of course, to offset these costs, as is the case with worker-owned cooperatives and other non-standard forms of organization. But one searches the AAUP's website in vain for any analysis or evidence on shared governance. What are the benefits and costs, relative to other feasible organizational forms? Why should professors defend this peculiar institution? (more…)
The Real March Madness
| Peter Klein |
Have you filled out your bailout bracket?


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Practice Areas
- Criminal Defense
- Traffic Tickets & Photo Radar
- Administrative Law
- Protective Orders
1138 North Alma School Road, Suite 101
Mesa, Arizona 85201
1138 North Alma School Road, Suite 101
Mesa, Arizona 85201
Print Biography | Client Comments | VCard Download
Michael Kielsky joined Udall Shumway PLC in 2016. Mr. Kielsky is a 1984 graduate of Grand Canyon University, in Phoenix, holding a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science.
For 15 years, Mr. Kielsky was employed in a variety of roles in technology, including Software Engineer, Business Analyst, and Manager of Engineering, at well-known companies in industries such as aerospace, communications, defense, finance, and technology.
In 1999, seeking new challenges, and due to his long-running interest in law, Mr. Kielsky began on a path to his second career, enrolling in law school on an academic scholarship. Even with completing law school on an accelerated track in just 2 ½ years, Mr. Kielsky graduated Summa Cum Laude and first in his class, receiving his Juris Doctorate in 2001 from Thomas Jefferson School of Law in San Diego, California.
Mr. Kielsky is a litigator focused on criminal defense, DUI defense, and traffic tickets, including photo radar. Additionally, Mr. Kielsky represents victims of crimes navigating the criminal justice system, as well as clients in administrative hearings before boards and administrative law judges, and in protective order matters. Mr. Kielsky has also represented clients in several high-profile election law matters.
Mr. Kielsky has developed a reputation for challenging photo radar citations, and has taught numerous Continuing Legal Education classes to other lawyers on the practical and legal foundations to achieving success in such cases.
Mr. Kielsky also has experience in family law, civil litigation, landlord/tenant disputes, and consumer law.
Active in politics when not busy helping clients, Mr. Kielsky was Chairman of the Arizona Libertarian Party, Arizona's third-largest party, and has been a candidate for office, running for US Congress in 2004, and for Maricopa County Attorney in 2008, 2010, 2012, and for the State House in 2014.
Mr. Kielsky was born in Germany, and moved to Phoenix in his high school years. He enjoys playing recreational soccer, often playing on co-ed teams with his wife, Rachel.
- J.D., Thomas Jefferson School of Law, San Diego, 2001 (summa cum laude, Law Review)
- B.S., Grand Canyon University, 1984 (Computer Science)
Community Activities
- Arizona Libertarian Party – Officer since 2003, Chairman from 2005-2010; 2015-2017
- Candidate for Maricopa County Attorney, 2008, 2010, 2012
- Candidate for U.S. Congress, Arizona CD 5, 2004
- Generations After, Descendants of Holocaust Survivors in Greater Phoenix, Board Member, 2013-2018
- Tri-City (East Valley) JCC – Board Member, 2003-2004
- Community Legal Services – Board Member, 2016 – current; Executive Committee, 2018
Jurisdictions Admitted to Practice
- State Bar of Arizona, 2006
- State Bar of California, 2006
- United States District Court, District of Arizona, 2007
Professional & Bar Association Memberships
- East Valley Bar Association – President, 2016-now, 2011-2014; Vice President, 2014-2015
- Maricopa County Bar Association – Board Member/Director, 2012-2018
- Technology Committee, State Bar of Arizona – Member, 2012-2016
- Lawyer Referral Service Committee, Maricopa County Bar Association – 2012-2017
- State Bar of Arizona Certified CLE Presenter since 2014
- 10.0 AVVO Rating, with over 131 reviews and over 50 endorsements