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Analyzing the Generic Drugs Sector of the US Pharmaceutical Industry 2017
|Aruvian Research
|英文 195 Pages
|米国の医薬品産業におけるジェネリック医薬品部門の分析 Analyzing the Generic Drugs Sector of the US Pharmaceutical Industry 2017
|出版日: 2017年03月01日
|ページ情報: 英文 195 Pages
A generic drug is a copy that is the same as a brand-name drug in dosage, safety, strength, how it is taken, quality, performance and intended use.
Generic drugs are less expensive because generic manufacturers don't have the investment costs of the developer of a new drug. New drugs are developed under patent protection. The patent protects the investment - including research, development, marketing, and promotion - by giving the company the sole right to sell the drug while it is in effect. As patents near expiration, manufacturers can apply to the FDA to sell generic versions. Because those manufacturers don't have the same development costs, they can sell their product at substantial discounts. Also, once generic drugs are approved, there is greater competition, which keeps the price down. Today, almost half of all prescriptions are filled with generic drugs.
Generic manufacturers do not incur the cost of drug discovery, and instead are able to reverse-engineer known drug compounds to allow them to manufacture bioequivalent versions. Generic manufacturers also do not bear the burden of proving the safety and efficacy of the drugs through clinical trials, since these trials have already been conducted by the brand name company. In most countries, generic manufacturers must only prove that their preparation is bioequivalent to the existing drug in order to gain regulatory approval. It has been estimated that the average cost to brand-name drug companies of discovering and testing a new innovative drug (with a new chemical entity) may be as much as $800 million.
The United States is the biggest generic drugs market in the world. In fact, nearly 80% of the prescriptions written in the US are for generic drugs.
Aruvian Research presents Analyzing the Generic Drugs Sector of the US Pharmaceutical Industry 2017 - a comprehensive coverage of the generic drugs market in the United States. Beginning with a sectional description on generic drugs, the report covers topics such as the impact of the generics sector on major pharma companies, R&D strategies being implemented by major pharma companies in the generics sector, the long debate over generic drugs versus branded drugs, and much more - a cost analysis of branded drugs versus generic drugs being a highlight.
An overview of the global generics sector builds up the scene for the analysis of the US generics industry. The all-important Hatch-Waxman Framework, the DEFRA Regulation, and other recent regulatory measures are included in this analysis from Aruvian's, along with the emerging issue of promoting generic drug competition in the US Market.
Being a major section of the report, Promoting Generic Drug Competition in the US Market covers topics such as issues with the FDA Approval Process, the role of the Orange Book, the positive and negative outcomes of the Hatch Waxman Act, the manipulation of this act, promoting methods for generic drug availability, amongst other points of discussion.
Strategies for survival employed by branded manufacturers, the role of generic drugs in lowering US drug re-importation, a case study on generic antidepressants, the approval of the generic version of GSK's drug Coreg, the introduction of Bill S.438, and the substantial move by Blue Cross in major changes to its drug plans, are discussed and analyzed in this report.
We also include a Porter's Five Forces analysis of the US Generic Drugs Industry.
Analysis of major industry players such as Teva Pharmaceutical Industry, Mylan N.V., Sandoz, Sanofi SA and others concludes this comprehensive research report from Aruvian Research.


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Join us on Feb. 20 for an information session about the Healthcare Administration and Leadership programs offered online and on-campus.
Gerontology Graduate Certificate Program
Become a Gerontologist
Pacific University's online graduate certificate program in gerontology for the healthcare professional is a post-baccalaureate program designed for many different employment opportunities including leadership, entrepreneurship, aging specialist, and health educator.
Our program develops ethical, visionary leaders who want to advance their knowledge and skills to improve societal health and well-being in the aging population.
Why Study Gerontology at Pacific University
The graduate certificate program in gerontology for the healthcare professional has a unique mission to foster and facilitate transdisciplinary education that enhances the quality of life of older adults. The certificate program emphasizes the science of aging and the experience of aging. The program focuses on:
- Health and aging
- Elder rights and health disparity in aging
- Creating change in the healthcare environment by developing, leading and managing innovative programs to better serve older adults
At Pacific, we focus on authentic learning, or developing real-life knowledge and skills. The program encourages students to create tangible and useful products to be shared with their world. In the gerontology program, students develop and implement ideas in their own workplaces. Pacific professors provide motivational challenges. They nurture and provide the necessary criteria, planning, timelines, resources and support to accommodate student success.
Here, the professor guides and facilitates. Assignments become processes for creating change and better outcomes in services to older adults. The capstone project is a real-life task that provides the learner with opportunities to connect with the real world.
Instead of vicariously discussing topics and regurgitating information in a traditional way on an exam, Pacific's gerontology program provides learners with support to achieve a tangible, useful product worth sharing with their community and their world.
Program Features
- 15 credits (six courses completed three consecutive semesters)
- Online format designed to meet the needs of a working professional
- Interdisciplinary faculty and students
- Evidence-based approach
- Courses designed to empower students to create change in their work environment
The director of Pacific's Certificate of Gerontology program recently discussed the publication and the importance work and active living has for senior citizens' health.

subset: commoncrawl


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I've had a fun weekend in the studio without any final results. I have made sections to notebooks, I have started to write calligraphy, I've cut fabric for tool cases, failed screen printing and reading. But no finished results.
|tusch, gesso, blyerts akvarell i flera lager
|min röriga fönsterbräda
|nya böcker


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Sold Out
*Please check with our online customer service team or your local store for stock availability
We're all living in smaller, compressed and more costly living space. Burson believes that should be respected and so makes beautifully-constructed, densely-packed, small-scale components that do the job like… virtuosos.
The new Timekeeper Virtuoso amplifier is a huge upgrade to the previous Timekeeper, delivering a transparent, nuanced and rich-with-detail presentation. Nevertheless it also has the power to drive desktop and larger floorstanding speakers.
The custom-built 1500W transformer is five times the size of the previous model and occupies the entire ground floor of the amplifier! The Virtuoso puts out a stable, linear 100wpc into 8 ohms, 200wpc into 4 ohms, and a whopping 350wpc into 2 ohms. Power mad? Bridge a pair for 300wpc into 8 ohms and 600wpc into 4 ohms for serious driving power.
The Timekeeper Virtuoso features attractive, vault-like, beautifully-machined aluminum casework making an elegant, understated package. Circuits are fully discrete — no op-amps — allied with a special Burson-designed FET input stage and a class-AB output stage.
Burson goes to these great lengths to deliver an immersive, engaging sound that always expresses the beauty of music. That's exactly what we want to share with you.
Stereo Mode
Bridged Mode
2 x Stereo Speaker Blinding post
2 x RCA line level input
1 x RCA line level input (For RCA bridge mode)
1 x XLR input (for XLR bridge mode)
Weight: app. 20 kg
Colour: silver anodized aluminium
Dimensions: 265 mm x 255 mm x 185 mm
Package Contents
1 x Timekeeper Power Amp
1 x Power cable
1 x User Manual (including 5 years warranty registration information)


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Morgan and Ryan celebrated their charming purple lilac and green Arizona wedding from cloud nine with open-arms gratitude and unwavering love. In fact, with Amy & Jordan Photography behind the lens for proof, such sentiments oozed from every infectious smile and laugh.
Given my own father passed away long before my wedding, it touches my heart to see how couples incorporate tributes for absent loved ones through their big days. One thing thing that was incredibly important to Morgan was to include her mother Sherry, who passed away a few short years earlier. In her honor, Morgan weaved her mother into every aspect of the day, including a locket attached to her bouquet with her mom's portrait, a custom designed necklace with the words "Love you, Mom" that she wore around her neck – keeping her mom close to her heart – and her cowboy boots that lined the aisle filled with flowers to honor her. I love that!
Photographer: Amy & Jordan Photography // Event Venue: Different Pointe of View // Event Planner: Sterling Weddings and Events // Submitted via Two Bright Lights
Morgan also made sure every moment of their wedding day incorporated family and close friends, not to mention her awesome personalized details like mason jars for bar drinks, cancer awareness bands for each guest, and long time family friend was asked to officiate.
Their intimate wedding overlooking Phoenix was the perfect fit for their day. And the catering team offered a customized menu of the couple's favorites foods, including the Grooms favorite beers.
At the end of the day, their wedding was everything one should be: filled with love, laughter, family, friends and lots, and lots of personality.
Thanks for stopping by!


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BPS DIY Drum Smoker Kit
Daigle's Cajun Sweet Applewood Jalapeno sauce has proven to pull in awards with it's unique blend of flavors that your friends, family, and judges will love! They'll be begging for more after one taste.
Cajun Sweet Applewood Jalapeno Sauce offers a one of a kind flavor profile. It's a blend of sweet fruity flavors with a light touch of smoke and a hint of jalapeno heat. Add irresistable flavor to any cut of meat - pork, beef, fish and it's especially good on chicken! Cajun Sweet Applewood Jalapeno sauce is thick in texture and provides all BBQ meats with great color. Use it as a glaze, basting, grilling or dipping sauce.
Whether if you're a BBQ competition pro, backyard BBQ cook or just a BBQ sauce fanatic, you'll achieve one of a kind BBQ results when using this Daigle's Cajun Sweet Applewood Jalapeno BBQ sauce.
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The SMN Secondary school is an authorized Cambridge International School implementing the Cambridge Lower Secondary (Secondary 1) Programe and Cambridge IGCSE which stands for 'International General Certificate of Secondary Education'.
The SMN Secondary school develops learners who are:
- confident in working with information and ideas, their own and those of others
- responsible for themselves, responsive and respectful of others
- reflective as learners themselves, developing their ability to learn
- innovative and equipped for new and future challenges
- engaged intellectually and socially, and ready to make difference in the world
Analyze. Interpret. Express.
In Secondary School, students begin to take ownership.
Program on Secondary School
Secondary 1 Curriculum
English, Indonesian, Math, Science, History/Geography
Religion, Art, Computer Technology, Mandarin, Music, Physical Education
Secondary 2 Curriculum
English, Indonesian, Mandarin
World Literature, Global Perspectives, History
Biology, Chemistry, Physics
International Math
Art and Design, Business Studies, Music
Religion, Physical Education, Computer Technology, Critical Thinking
All students are also required to engage in our Community & Service program.


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Buying a Home in Arizona?
Why Choose The Farrell Group
The home-buying experience doesn't have to be stressful and hectic. At The Farrell Group, we will walk you through the process of buying your new home using our more than 20 years of experience, our expertise and our determination to make your experience a great one.
We know the Scottsdale and Phoenix area. We have lived and worked here for more than two decades. Our clients move here because of the nearly ideal weather, the resort-style living, the shopping, the golf…we could go on. We love helping them find new homes, at the right location, and at the right price.
Trustworthy, friendly and experienced, the team at The Farrell Group is ready to help you find your dream home in the Scottsdale and Phoenix area.
Let the Journey Begin
Contact The Farrell Group today to learn more about making the Valley of the Sun your new home. And be sure to sign up for our free, personalized Home Finder Service to receive automated updates on homes and areas of interest. Already have an account? Sign in today.


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We Buy Houses Companies Are for Real
We Buy Houses Stockton! We Buy Houses Sacramento, Modesto, Manteca and Lodi! It is our Battle cry. It's in our mailers, our marketing materials, all of our presentations and of course our Websites.We Buy Houses Companies are for real but you have to vet them thoroughly. You need to ask them the tough questions. You … Continued


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API2Cart Integrates Ecwid!
Following the customer inquiries, API2Cart expands the list of supported shopping carts. Welcome Ecwid to our growing family of shopping platform integrations!
Ecwid is a powerful global platform that has been on the market since 2009. It operates in 175 countries and has more than 1 million active sellers. Ecwid is the most used eCommerce app on Facebook with over 40,000 stores. Integration with Ecwid opens a massive pool of potential clients for your SaaS software.
Integrating with Ecwid via API2Cart makes it possible to work with its database in the following ways:
- Get product lists with names, descriptions, prices, categories, etc.
- Count and get the list of categories in a store
- Get lists of child items
- Get store info like name, language, currency, timezone, weight units, carrier info, etc.
Nine methods are now supported for Ecwid:
- product.list
- product.count
- product.info
- product.find
- category.list
- category.count
- category.info
- product.child_item.list
- cart.info
Next, we are going to add methods to work with categories, customer info, and taxes.
You can see all methods supported by API2Cart here or on our API2Cart documentation.
If you are interested in integrating your software with Ecwid or other popular shopping carts, schedule a call with our representative.


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Weekly Must-Have: Zelens Active Concealer
I was recently rummaging though my mom's makeup bag and came across Zelens Active Concealer. I was familiar with the brand's skincare, but knew nothing about their cosmetics. Instead of immediately telling me to put it back and swatting my hand away, my mom started singing its praises and saying I needed to buy one, and stat! Thanks to Net-A-Porter, one landed on my doorstep just two days later and there was instantly no looking back on any other concealer in my arsenal. This stuff is the real-deal.
This revitalizing product is the epitome of a makeup/skincare hybrid. While it gives serious coverage, it also improves the appearances of dark circles, puffiness, and fine lines, thanks to a slew of antioxidants, peptides, caffeine, and more. In fact, it contains fifteen active ingredients. For comparison, that is more than many of my favorite eye creams.
Before this, I was a diehard Cleu De Peau concealer devotee. I purchased it time and time again, and swore that it was one of my desert-island, holy-grail products…for life, or so I thought. Here's the thing though – I always had to mix it with eye cream on the back of my hand before applying. The formula was too thick and stiff on its own. With Zelens, I skip this step and get the same coverage that I crave while also treating eye issues.
Redness from allergies, darkness from sleepless nights, puffiness and dehydration from a night of partying stand no chance against this concealer.
Mom for the win.
-Casey Sharbaugh is the blogger behind www.comfortablycasey.com


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Master Don Juan
- Joined
- Jul 27, 2005
- Messages
- 15,862
- Reaction score
- 3,981
- Age
- 44
- Location
- midwestern cow field 40
You are assuming we live in a democracy. We're not even close. Eliminate the electoral college, and there would never be another Republican president. That would be the real will of the people.Answer my question about why they don't just wait until 2020 and let the voters push him out, then I will answer yours.
My logic says that if he is such a bad president and the Dems can put someone in that can do better then the voters will take care of it. I'm using logic. Maybe thats my problem.


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Add You Program (1/2)
Listing Prices
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+ Activation Fee:$30
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For HYIP owners we offer:
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Please read our conditions before adding HYIP:
- We do NOT provide services to those HYIP, which offers for investors more than 10% net daily profit (in investment plan with minimum deposit amount);
- Only the administrator or owner can add HYIP, referral links not allowed;
- HYIP ratings and statuses based on publicly available information and personal experience of monitoring administration. Cannot be disputed, but any comments and suggestions are welcome;
- We accept bonus deposit, but in this case we can not open threads at the Russian HYIP forums (it is forums rules);
- we NOT accept any special/monitoring plans, Deposit amount will be invested in any plan and from any name that we want and to our discretion;
- One free lifetime banner available for Gold Listing (728x90 None-rotating banner) and Standard Listing (468x60 None-rotating banner) listings, for Top Listing available both banners; Trial Listing (468x60 Top Rotating banner)
- If we detect fraud or selective payments, we reserve the right to move HYIP into the blacklist (SCAM) and/or remove all advertisements without any refunds;
- We have the right to reject listing request without explanation. In this case money will be refunded.
We accept payment via Perfect Money - With Our system, programs automatically added after a successful payment.
For other Payment Method: Manual Add Listing, Please Contact us


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Which Super Fund for you – a Holden Commodore or a Rolls Royce?
This is a favourite question of mine and one that I love to get people to work on in my seminars. So what am I talking about?
I have been in the superannuation industry since 1988 and have worked on every side of the fence – advising retail, industry, company and my speciality – SMSFs. As most of us know there are hundreds of different superannuation funds and essentially we all are able to choose where we want our employer and voluntary contributions to go but guess what:
"If you don't choose your super most of your money goes into the superannuation version of a Holden Commodore"
Now I am not disparaging the great Australian car but let's face it, at the end of the day it could not compete price and options wise with other vehicles and certainly for those with a bit of money, it was not on the radar.
So what's the deal with Holden Commodore super?
Well in Australia unless you make the choice your employer puts you into a default fund where:
- It is just you and you alone. You can't combined your super with your spouse or your children to get the benefits of scale.
- Someone else makes the decision on what to invest in. For the most part these people are not individuals and are faceless and have NO idea of who you are – what you like and love and hate.
- Fees are about 1% whether your super goes up or down. For example, when the GFC hit and super went down by 20% – managers of super funds still charged 1% and continued for some time even though investment markets didn't recover.
At the end of the day there are a few broad investment strategies, a few choices but it's like choosing a Holden Commodore – black, blue or brown with only one seat and four cylinders.
So what's the Rolls Royce? For me, a Self-Managed Super Fund (SMSF) is the Rolls Royce of super and where a lot of smart members put their money. Why a SMSF?
- A family can all join their superannuation resources together with the limitation that there is a limit of four members and all members must be Trustees of the Fund and take responsibility for the investment decisions of the fund. No one member only fund here!
- The costs for administering a SMSF will depend upon your accountant or on-line administration provider and they can range from $500 – $2,000. But with significant automation prices are coming down all the time. For some of the big SMSFs with more than $1M the fees as a proportion of the fund is very low.
- You, as Trustee of the Fund are the investment manager and there are a broad range of investments that the Trustee can invest in. One thing is the Trustee cannot deal with themselves – like buy an asset from themselves, lend to a member, lease a property to a child and so on. The one exception is business, commercial or farming property.


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Corsica: Explore Balagne by Bike
Located in the northeast of Corsica, with its villages and beaches, Balagne - a little island within an island - offers a number of different bike paths for all skill levels from Calvi to l'Ile Rousse, the two major entry ports of Balagne.
Lovers of wide open spaces, biking beginners or experts, can see the major sites and landscapes between Corsica's mountains and its Mediterranean borders. The different paths allow for many stopovers in some of Corsica's most beautiful villages: Sant'Antonio, Pigna, Lumio, Monticello, Montemaggiore, Calenzanza, and more.
Many types of itineraries are possible, ranging from easy courses of 40 kilometers to more difficult ones nearing 100 kilometers, with a corresponding difference in altitude.
Whichever road you take, you're guaranteed to be fully immersed in the most authentic parts of Corsica: between Calvi and the Gulf of Galeria, a particularly wild setting along the coast; or the Col de Battaglia, the most difficult in Corsica, perfect for more athletic visitors.
The periods between May and June and September to October are best to explore Corsica by bike, thanks to those seasons' moderate temperatures and gentle breezes.
For non-cyclists in your group, a number of pedestrian walkways and fun cultural activities are also available. The Office of Tourism of Balagne is at your service to provide advice and assistance.
For more information, visit:
More information
Related videos
Sponsored videos
Point of interest
© Ligue Corse de Voile
Beaches of Balagne
© OMT Calvi
Citadel of Calvi
© Auberge de la Forêt
Bonifato Forest in Corsica
© Pierre Stecoli
Fango Valley in Corsica
© OT Galeria/Falasoma
Visit the Fango Valley in Corsica, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
© Tonio Bassagni
Visit Ile-Rousse


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The bigger, better Rivers Casino Philadelphia
Rivers Casino Philadelphia is Philly's oldest casino and continues to be a premier gaming and nightlife location in the city. A $164 million expansion brought new amenities, featuring six restaurants, including Hugo's Frog Bar & Chop House, an event space, a seven-story parking garage and more.
An elite dining experience is available at Hugo's, as the legendary steakhouse icon Gibsons Restaurant Group has opened its first and only Philadelphia restaurant inside Rivers Casino Philadelphia. As a member of the only restaurant group in the nation to have its own USDA certification, Hugo's serves USDA-certified above prime beef.
Gibsons Restaurant Group is also the exclusive caterer for the Rivers Casino Philadelphia Event Center, which boasts customizable menus that feature iconic cuts of USDA Gibsons Prime Angus Beef and a pristine selection of fine seafood.
Located on the second floor of the casino, The Event Center is tailor-made for corporate events, wedding receptions, black-tie galas and home to major performances from the likes of Jon Dorenbos and Scotty McCreery It features floor-to-ceiling windows and beautiful panoramic views of the riverfront and the Ben Franklin Bridge.
The Marketplace boasts four dining options at Rivers, allowing guests to enjoy the Philly flavors just steps from the gaming floor. The marketplace hosts Saxbys, Tacconelli's Pizzeria, Geno's Steaks and Revolution Grill. Each restaurant brings its own unique taste and style to the casino, offering guests sit-down or to-go dining options.
Also Mian, which brings a fresh take on authentic Asian cuisine to the casino's diverse food lineup. The quick-service restaurant features made-to-order meals including thick, rich broths; fresh vegetable, seafood, beef and chicken dishes; and daily chef's specials.
Rivers Casino Philadelphia features 1,891 slots, 103 table games, a 28-table poker room. The state-of-the-art Poker Night in America Poker Room is the first of its kind and is named after the popular CBS Sports TV program.
Rivers employs approximately 1,600 people and has been voted a "Best Place to Work" in the Philadelphia Business Journal and a "Top Workplace" in The Philadelphia Inquirer by its Team Members five years in a row.
New Jersey residents can now enjoy casino gaming at Rivers Online Casino, which is available to play at PlayRivers.com. The site features state-of-the-art authentication and encryption technology to secure all personal information and includes a strict age-verification process.
The platform and its games have been tested and certified by the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement as being safe and fair to play. Players are welcome to register and fund accounts from any state in the U.S., and they must be 21 years of age or older and physically located in New Jersey in order to wager.
The CASINO4FUN site gives Rivers players the chance to play popular online slots titles and table games for free and to buy virtual credits so that they can play even more. Players must me 21 years of age or older to play CASINO4FUN games.


text: On Tue, Nov 13, 2007 at 09:08:32AM -0500, Mark Lord wrote: > Ingo Molnar wrote: > .. > > This is all QA-101 that _cannot be argued against on a rational basis_, > > it's just that these sorts of things have been largely ignored for > > years, in favor of the all-too-easy "open source means many eyeballs and > > that is our QA" answer, which is a _good_ answer but by far not the most > > intelligent answer! Today "many eyeballs" is simply not good enough and > > nature (and other OS projects) will route us around if we dont change. > .. > > QA-101 and "many eyeballs" are not at all in opposition. > The latter is how we find out about bugs on uncommon hardware, > and the former is what we need to track them and overall quality. > > A HUGE problem I have with current "efforts", is that once someone > reports a bug, the onus seems to be 99% on the *reporter* to find > the exact line of code or commit. Ghad what a repressive method. 99% on the reporter? Is that why I always try to understand the reporters problem (*provided* it's in an area I know about) and come up with a patch to test a theory or fix the issue? I'm _less_ inclined to provide such a "service" for lazy maintainers who've moved off into new and wonderfully exciting technologies, to churn out more patches for me to merge (and eventually provide a free to them bug fixing service for.) That's "less" inclined, not "won't". -- Russell King Linux kernel 2.6 ARM Linux - http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/ maintainer of:


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Historic Markers
Historic Markers Across South Carolina
Welcome to the Lat34North, Historic Markers Across South Carolina. The South Carolina Historical Marker Program, originally the South Carolina Highway Historical Marker Program, was authorized by an act of the South Carolina General Assembly in 1905 creating the Historical Commission of South Carolina with authority "to have direction and control of the marking of historic sites, or houses, or localities." The program was officially established in 1936 when a marker was erected near the site of the Long Cane Massacre near Troy, in McCormick County. More than 1000 markers have been erected by the program since that time. Since 1954 the South Carolina Department of Archives and History, as the successor state agency to the Historical Commission of South Carolina, has been responsible for the program as part of the Historical Services Division. The enabling legislation creating the Department of Archives and History gave it the responsibility for "the approval of the inscriptions for all historical markers or other monuments erected on state highways or other state property."[1]
Agencies that install Historic markers in South Carolina.


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See what questions
a doctor would ask.
Further information about Thigh symptoms is below, or review more specific information about these types of Thigh symptoms: numb thigh, tingling thigh, stiff thigh, thigh pain, thigh rash, Thigh itch, Thigh bruise, Thigh swelling or other types.
Thigh symptoms: Symptoms affecting the thigh of the leg. See detailed information below for a list of 32 causes of Thigh symptoms, Symptom Checker, including diseases and drug side effect causes.
» Review Causes of Thigh symptoms: Causes | Symptom Checker »
Review the causes of these more specific types of Thigh symptoms:
See full list of 48 types for Thigh symptoms
Listed below are some combinations of symptoms associated with Thigh symptoms, as listed in our database. Visit the Symptom Checker, to add and remove symptoms and research your condition.
See full list of 501 Symptom Checkers for Thigh symptoms
Review further information on Thigh symptoms Treatments.
Real-life user stories relating to Thigh symptoms:
Symptom specific forums: The following patient stories in our interactive forums and message boards relate to Thigh symptoms or relevant symptoms:
More Thigh symptoms animations & videos
Some of the comorbid or associated medical symptoms for Thigh symptoms may include these symptoms:
See all associated comorbid symptoms for Thigh symptoms
Research the causes of these more general types of symptom:
Research the causes of related medical symptoms such as:
Research the causes of these symptoms that are similar to, or related to, the symptom Thigh symptoms:
Read more about causes and Thigh symptoms deaths.
Thigh tingling need not be multiple sclerosis: There is a fairly common nerve condition called meralgia paresthetica that typically results in symptoms such as thigh tingling or thigh...read more »
Leg cramps at night a classic sign: The symptom of having leg muscle cramps, particularly at night, is a classic sign of undiagnosed diabetes. However, there are also various other causes. See causes of leg cramps or misdiagnosis of diabetes....read more »
Read more about Misdiagnosis and Thigh symptoms
The list of organs typically affected by Thigh symptoms may include, but is not limited to:
The list below shows some of the causes of Thigh symptoms mentioned in various sources:
See full list of 32 causes of Thigh symptoms
This information refers to the general prevalence and incidence of these diseases, not to how likely they are to be the actual cause of Thigh symptoms. Of the 32 causes of Thigh symptoms that we have listed, we have the following prevalence/incidence information:
See the analysis of the prevalence of 32 causes of Thigh symptoms
The following list of conditions have 'Thigh symptoms' or similar listed as a symptom in our database. This computer-generated list may be inaccurate or incomplete. Always seek prompt professional medical advice about the cause of any symptom.
Select from the following alphabetical view of conditions which include a symptom of Thigh symptoms or choose View All.
Ask or answer a question about symptoms or diseases at one of our free interactive user forums.
Medical story forums: If you have a medical story then we want to hear it.
See a list of all the medical forums
This information shows analysis of the list of causes of Thigh symptoms based
on whether certain risk factors apply to the patient:
Depending on the seriousness of the onset of Thigh symptoms, you may want to consult one of the following medical professionals.
Important:In extreme cases, always seek advice from emergency services :
Subtypes of Thigh symptoms:
Numb thigh (5 causes), Tingling thigh (6 causes), Stiff thigh (1 cause), Thigh pain (26 causes), Thigh rash (14 causes), Thigh rash (14 causes), Thigh itch (15 causes), Thigh bruise (12 causes), Thigh swelling (23 causes), Thigh coldness (9 causes), Thigh spasm (18 causes), Thigh paralysis (15 causes), Thigh burning sensations (18 causes), Thigh lump (21 causes), Thigh weakness (23 causes), Femoral lump (15 causes), Thigh Burning Sensation (18 causes), Thigh paresthesias (6 causes), Inguinal swelling (21 causes), Psoas sign (3 causes), thigh bruise (12 causes), thigh swelling (23 causes), thigh coldness (9 causes), thigh spasm (18 causes), thigh itch (15 causes), thigh lump (21 causes)
Medical Conditions associated with Thigh symptoms:
Leg symptoms (2751 causes), Upper leg symptoms (49 causes), Limb symptoms (3592 causes), Arm symptoms (1619 causes)
Symptoms related to Thigh symptoms:
Tingling thigh (6 causes), Numb thigh (5 causes), Leg symptoms (2751 causes), Knee symptoms (149 causes), Stiff thigh (1 cause), Thigh pain (26 causes), Thigh rash (14 causes), Thigh itch (15 causes), Thigh bruise (12 causes), Thigh swelling (23 causes)
Doctor-patient articles related to symptoms and diagnosis:
These general medical articles may be of interest:
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David Markson interview
David Markson Interview (1996) by Alexander Laurence
David Markson is the author of several books including Going Down, Springer's Progress, Wittgenstein's Mistress, and Reader's Block. He was on friendly terms with Dylan Thomas, Malcolm Lowry, and William Gaddis. He died in June 2010.
Alexander Laurence: You have been called "the most literary man." You discovered Lowry and Gaddis. You are one of the most well-read people. When does your love for literature end?
David Markson: Something that I wouldn't have believe when I was in my forties: I don't read fiction anymore. I read, but fewer and fewer novels. The only novels I have read this year have been Infinite Jest by David Foster Wallace, twice, and this summer, don't ask me why, I reread Ulysses twice. But I haven't read another novel in a year. I used to read every novel. If you look at the shelf over there you can see all the books by Faulkner. Faulkner wrote twenty novels. I must have read those twenty novels seventy times. I have fallen so many years behind. Oddly I did reread Robinson Crusoe. Don't ask me why. I skipped the beginning.
AL: The disinterest in fiction has happened for the past five years?
DM: It was gradual. It shows in my work. My own work is less and less like fiction in a sense. Wittgenstein's Mistress is a monologue, and the new book is not even a monologue. It's a semi-non-fiction, semi-fiction. I read a lot of non-fiction. I have read a lot of poetry. But I don't read fiction anymore because it bores me. It that line in Paul Valery that's quoted in Reader's Block: "He couldn't write a novel because he couldn't put down 'The Marquis went out at five.'" The minute I read "Joe went walked across the street to say hello to Charlie" I'm bored. Books that I loved, I can't get into again. Sometimes it's 30 or 40 years later. So I said let me see with Ulysses, it's about time. Then I read it once and cursed about how much I didn't get, or didn't understand, and had to look up words, and then I read it a second time and felt I had mastered it. I was exchanging letters with Gilbert Sorrentino and we were asking each other "I wonder what Joyce meant by this" or "I can't solve this." I have a shelf and a half of Joyce scholarship, and I read most of it over the years, and the stuff that Sorrentino and I were asking each other weren't solved there either. I have to say that Ulysses holds up: it's a great book. Joyce does everything. I love the complexities. I don't want to make a bad joke but anyone can write Crime and Punishment. People still do, and good ones, but I don't know why. It's been done. That's why, in my very small way, I'm doing what I do, these experimental books. With Wittgenstein's Mistress, I was trying, I supposed some people say I did, to maintain a character's voice. David Wallace said that "It defies you not to cry" which thrills me. This new book, I do not know how people are going to react. At the end it's very layered. The character that Reader creates suddenly bifurcates into the one on the beach and the one in the cemetery. He has nothing left but suicide. Kurt Vonnegut read galleys of the book and wrote to me: "David, I'm worried about your mental state."
AL: Do you admire Ulysses and Modernists in general because of their allusions? I feel that many of them were trying to have literary traditions in their books.
DM: That I love. Obviously. The books that I care about like Joyce, and Malcolm Lowry's Under The Volcano, which I wrote about in great length about four years after it came out. I wrote my master's thesis on Lowry where I wrote about all those allusions before anyone else. Nobody had written anything. I wrote about William Gaddis' first book The Recognitions. I'm mentioned as one of the earliest people to have written about it. It's a great book. Much of the Lowry criticism mentions my book. I went to a Lowry conference nine years ago. They were pleased to see me because I was able to inform them about what Lowry was like in person. I visited Lowry in Canada in 1952, and he stayed with him in New York a few years later.
AL: You didn't like Gaddis' books since. What is your objection to Gaddis' later work?
DM: There's a lot of satirical things that weren't that funny, but they would have been if he handled them in the same way that he did in The Recognitions. In the few interview's I've seen with Gaddis he insists upon authorial absence. The point is the author isn't absent in this business of using dialogue only. Using it as it's supposed to occur with all the repetitions and interruptions. He makes himself more evident. I can see the gimmick, the device at work all the time. The transitions I find weighty and dead. He has to get to one dialogue to another. His new book has the problem of the subject matter being so uninteresting. I hate to put down my betters, I would have given my right arm to have written The Recognitions, but I would have been happy not to have written A Frolic of His Own.
AL: It seems like that you were attuned with novels around the middle of the century, but your interest has declined since?
DM: Ezra Pound said that no critic wrote anything major on a writer younger than him. I suspect that it's because you don't read those writers who follow with the same sense of discovery that you have as a young man. You read your peers and the generation before. When I was a boy Joyce was a titan. That has never receded for me although I have moved on fifty years from then. It shocks me to say that I know that great works have been written on the level of Under The Volcano or The Recognitions but I can't see them.
AL: Springer's Progress takes place in a bar in Greenwich Village, The Lion's Head. Could you talk more about this place and why you wrote about it?
DM: There was a review in the New York Times by a guy I didn't know who mentioned The Lion's Head. But I never named it in the book, though I named some of the people. Now it's the only straight bar on Christopher Street. It's not what it used to be which was a writer's hangout. A lot of journalists and Irish singers. Fred Exley used to hang out there when he lived in New York. I still go there but fewer and fewer people from the old days still come in. Really important people used to be there. Not just saloon drunks but people like Pete Hamill, the staff of The Village Voice, The Post, and The Times. It's been there since 1968, but I suspect that it may soon go under.
AL: Around 1960 you worked as an editor, wrote a few detective novels, and then finally started writing Going Down. How did you get from the pulp writing to the more serious works?
DM: I worked as an editor but I didn't feel like working a regular job so I wrote a few private eye things. They wanted me to do a whole series but I didn't want to get stuck. I quit that too. I started writing Going Down when I was in Mexico. When I was there I got a fellowship. I submitted part of that book and got a grant. In those days, two thousand dollars was a lot. We lived well in the Mexican economy at that time. I was intermittently working on Going Down. I tried to make some money writing a straight western. I asked an editor friend how can I make a buck? He said if you write a decent western I'll buy it. So I wrote three pages, and called him and said that I'm not writing it because I realized I couldn't write it because I was putting in too many jokes. Turning it upside down. It became this book The Ballad of Dingus Magee. It got rave reviews. Intially it got several rejections because nobody heard of a satirical western. I sold it to MGM for a lot of money, the only time I've made money in my life. Unfortunately it was the lousiest movie ever made. The hero is nineteen, and Frank Sinatra who was 58 did a walk through playing the lead. Joseph Heller wrote the original script but they threw it out. It was an awful movie, and it kills the book. Not that the book is a serious book, but it's a pleasant book. The movie is so bad, that even people who should know better think how can the book be any good? They might re-release the book next year. After that I finally finished writing Going Down and it came out in 1970.
AL: Going Down is a very different novel than the rest of your work. Did it get much attention?
DM: It got some nice reviews but it didn't sell. It might be a little bit derivative. It's a book where you know the author did read Faulkner and Doestoevky. It's traditional in that sense. It's structure is twisted around and involuted. No more so than a lot of Faulkner. It's the only book that I go back and reread. Somehow I stopped thinking in those terms and going in that direction. I'm not prolific. There's always these big gaps.
AL: What about Reader's Block?
DM: I had all these bits of cultural and literary history, and all these quotes, which I have in the previous books. I sat here for a couple months just writing notes. I would wonder what crazy piece of information do I know about Freud? I had about three feet of file cards in no order. Then I started typing them down. I had to think about the context. Being alone is obviously crucial for me. The first draft, which is always the case with me, was a lot bigger. Although all this cultural bricolage is interesting, I didn't use stuff that I had used before. It's interesting. Things I know, or things that went through Springer's mind or Kate's mind, some of those things might repeat. I decided not to used them. It says in this book as a little game with itself: Reader is not going to use any of the references, then I deliberately use one four lines later just to be contrary in fact. Then there were a few facts I had to use since I had all these references to suicide. I didn't want to leave out all important suicides. Other than that I didn't repeat. Nobody would have known unless they read all of them in a month's time. It's a book about a guy who is having trouble writing a book because there's all this intellectual clutter gets in the way. I guess that's me in a sense. I was bored with these conflicts between characters, domestic situations, lovers, man searching for God. I have characters sitting alone in a bedroom with a head full of everything he's ever read.
AL: With Going Down and Springer's Progress you were considered a regular novelist but with the last two books you turned into an experimental novelist. Could you comment on that?
DM: Yeah. I could look back and see how it happened. The guy who wrote that review of Reader's Block could also sense that there were hints of what was to follow in Springer's Progress. When I was writing part two of Wittgenstein's Mistress and thought now I got it. I got a book interesting here. I threw out the straighforward novelistic part one. Like I said before I didn't want to write "The Marquis went out at five." As also I don't want to read it anymore.
Posted by alexander laurence at 7/09/2010 07:18:00 PM
Labels: alexander, announcements, interview, listen, literature, music, tour, video, watch


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Ok, I am posting after a really long time. Had been busy with some stuff (not limited to the ACM chapter Chairmanship).
Also college has resumed and I have started 3rd year with Computer Graphics as my elective subject. Now the issue of installing OpenGL, the best 3D graphics API out there, on linux arrives.Well here's the good news: OpenGL ships with most Linux distros, and Ubuntu is one of them. The Bad news: Getting glut for the X-Window system.
Here's the solution: You can either go get freeglut and follow the install instructions, which is a very good idea, with a few modifications:
- Use 'tar' directly instead of bzip as specified on the site.
- Go to your package manager and be sure to install the "libxi-dev" package. You'll need it to get the makefile.
- Continue with the normal installation process.
Else, you can run this command in a terminal window:
sudo apt-get install libglut3-dev
That should install glut (or freeglut, as is the case) and get you ready to write some deadly graphics code. Just compile and build with
g++ -lglut -lGLU yourProgram.cpp -o yourProgram
to get the executable and enjoy the show.


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$apiMail = AccountFactory::instance($host, $format);
$account = new AccountSelector(AccountBy::NAME(), $email1);
$apiMail->auth($account, $pass);//account as admin
$prefclass = new Pref("+zimbraPrefMailForwardingAddress", $email2);
$pref = $apiMail->modifyPrefs([$prefclass2]);
I don't have any errors on running, but forwarding not working.
Any ideas ?
- Zimbra Collaboration 8.6 Patch 9 now available (includes fix for CVE-2017-8802). Read the announcement.
- Zimbra Collaboration 8.8.7 + Zimbra Connector for Outlook 8.8.7 are available.. Read the announcement.
- Are you a Zimbra Developer? You can find some interesting stuff in our Official GitHub: https://github.com/Zimbra and check the Community Projects too: https://github.com/Zimbra-Community/
I need forward email1 to email2 thrue Zimbra Api. I use "zimbra-api" library – composer php project.
Have a great idea for extending Zimbra? Share ideas, ask questions, contribute, and get feedback.
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StreetScout / SEARCH: 20400 W TOPAZ Boulevard Goodyear, AZ 85338
- $49,000 price
- 5813681 listing id
- Neighborhood: RAINBOW VALLEY ACRES 2
- Status: Active
Ready to make your custom dream home a reality? Great opportunity to build in Goodyear! Beautiful level parcel with natural vegetation. This quiet secluded lot offers 4.3 acres with wide-open spaces and mountain views in the distance. Just imagine, when you need to get away from all the hustle and bustle head down the dirt road back to your gorgeous new home in this country like setting. How can you pass this up?! Contact us today with any questions.
Courtesy of: RE/MAX Fine Properties
Office Phone: (480) 792-9500
Copyright Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. All rights reserved. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
Updated: 16th March, 2020 2:38 PM.
20400 W TOPAZ Boulevard Goodyear, AZ
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Last weekend was one like no other, as I had the pleasure of attending Afropunk London on behalf of BackstAAAge and it was one of the best weekends I've had in a long time.
Not knowing what to expect, all I had to go by was the lineup and everything I read online and on social media. That being said I had a great time at Afropunk as the music, art, atmosphere and vibe was well worth the hype.
Doors to the Afropunk festival opened around 1 pm and I enthusiastically arrived at 2pm. Before the first act was up I was able to wander around the huge warehouse that was Printworks and take in the sights which included 2 market places, the Green and Red stages and food trucks in the outside area of the warehouse.
The music officially kicked off at 3 pm with Kojey Radical setting things off on the Red Stage. He came through with a fire set getting the audience hyped for what was to come for the rest of the day. His energy was high and he really got the crowd going.
Following Kojey Radical's set, another great performance of the day was a BackstAAAge regular the one and only Nadia Rose. Along with her girl squad, including DJ Nadia Jae on the decks, her performance was definitely a highlight.
Her set included bangers such as 2H2H, Skwod, U Know What and Tight Up. Definitely one of the favourites. Nadia gave the crowd a performance worth while and made the most of her half hour on stage. We 100 % wanted more!
Another performer that killed Saturday was Little Simz, the North London rapper took the stage and came through with a stellar performance. She blew the crowd away and brought out special guests Ghetts as well as Sid from The Internet making the crowd go crazy. When Simz performed 'Wings' it totally went off!! One thing to be noted is that even though there were only a few Grime and Hip Hop artists on the lineup they still represented and got so much love from the crowd.
Aside from the headliners The Internet, another key performance of Saturday night had to be the Grime king JME. JME really brought the party to the red stage and the crowd was turnt up to the max all the way through. The BBK member performed tunes such as Don't @ Me, Calm, Man Don't Care and even gave us an exclusive performance of his new song 'You Watching Me'. The crowd was hyped the bass was loud and JME definitely delivered.
Following Saturday's full afternoon of music, I once again got myself together and braved myself for round 2. If Saturday was the takeover of Grime and Hip Hop than Sunday was definitely for the ladies. If there was a hashtag to be prominent on Sunday then #BLACKGIRLMAGIC was it. With the ladies really coming through I believe there were only 3 male acts on the lineup Black Collective, Mickey and Thundercat.
Considering there is always a conversation around the number of female performers when it comes to festival line-ups it was great to see a day filled with some incredible female talent come through Afropunk. Ranging from a variety of genres I was really here for it. Kicking off the festival was DJ Jamz Supernova who got the tunes going with a killer mix getting everybody ready for what was to come.
Mahalia the young Midlands singer took the Red stage and got the crowd going with her soul-pop vibe with tracks including, Superhuman, Independence Day, Proud of Me and even giving us an acapella performance. Mahalia showed good stage presence and engaged with the audience really well. Look out for her!
One of the highlights for me was DJ Hannah Faith who took the stage and gave us a set that was on fire. I am okay with DJ sets for about 10 minutes before I have to explore other things but I was locked to both of Hanna's sets for the full 30 minutes bringing the vibes and really getting the Afropunk crowd pumped.
I think I will not be alone when I say the stand out performance was NAO. The British Neo-Soul singer killed her performance on the Green stage bringing the soul to Afropunk.
NAO performed a lot of hits from her latest album 'For All We Know' songs included, Girlfriend, Fool to Love, So Good and much more. Everybody seemed to agree that NAO's set could've been the headliner as it just brought through the vibes that Afropunk was all about capturing.
The last performance I saw before I called an end to my Afropunk experience was American sensation, Willow Smith. A surprising addition to the lineup I didn't really know what to expect. My last music experience of Willow was about 7 years ago when she came on the scene with Whip My Hair. Since then she has been kind of quiet, I even forgot that she was still making music.
However, all that being said Willow was surprisingly good. Clearly matured and grown in the past couple of years her voice is not the poppy sound we heard before. With a more rustic sound, she has clearly evolved. The crowd was certainly here for it and gave her a very positive reaction to her set.
I'll be honest and say that I didn't know a single one of her songs that she performed but a couple of her songs were good. Willow definitely surprised everybody with her energy and stage presence and got the crowd hyped for the last performance of the weekend.
The Market
Whilst the music was a big part the Afropunk festival experience, I have to take a moment and speak of the other parts of the festival. The market stalls, which featured various traders selling a range of different products all with brands connected to or inspired by the Afropunk community were there, from jewellery, clothing stores, Tribal print face painting, to afro hair products, head wraps and much more.
The Art
Ghanaian artist Dreph_ showcased his amazing artwork and we even got a glimpse of some pieces being painted live at the event. His work clearly represents Afropunk culture from his wall paintings in Shoreditch to his inspiration it was great to see art that so clearly captured the essence and feel of the festival so clearly.
The Fashion
Nothing short of eccentric the fashion and street style of Afropunk attendees were really a celebration. From colourful braids and hairstyles to eccentric and colourful clothing everything about the atmosphere and style of the festival was a celebration of the Afropunk's style and influence. There were so many African prints and colour combinations, as well as Afro-hair and just everything about representing and being true to yourself. People, were not shy about being who they are.
Overall the BackstAAAge Afropunk experience was nothing short of amazing. It felt really good to be part of a celebration of many different people coming together to celebrate the Afropunk community. The music, the food, the market, the art, the fashion and the people was amazing.
BackstAAAge cannot wait to be at the next one and continue this wonderful festival and what it stands for.
Tags afropunk festivalclara amfoFESTIVALFESTIVALSFOODgrimeHANNAH FAITHHIPHOPjamz supernovajmeKOJEY RADICALLITTLE SIMZMAHALIAmusicNADIA ROSEnaoR&BSOULWILLOW SMITH
- Previous LOTTO BOYZZ FT JAYKAE 'BIRMINGHAM' VIDEO
- Next KOJEY RADICAL DROPS CRAZY VISULAS FOR 'AFTER WINTER'


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The image below is my favorite. It was taken sometime near the end of the run. A thin layer of clouds covers much of the sky. The Pleiades is on the right, and Capella--appearing large and fuzzy due to refraction caused by the clouds--is at center bottom. The tree in the lower-right appears blurred because of the wind.
This little meteor originated below and left of the Double Cluster in Perseus.
One of the streaks in this image is a meteor, but the other is a satellite. Guess which one! (Answer below.)
While both appear to be good candidates for Perseids (they seem to originate from the same radiant), the lower streak is actually a satellite. Bright meteors show up in images as multi-colored streaks. They also only appear in one image because they move across the sky so quickly.
Satellites, on the other hand, are usually white and move slowly, often appearing in two or more images.
The animate GIF below is composed of two frames that were taken during a satellite flare, possibly from an Iridium satellite. The fuzzy object at the top is the Andromeda Galaxy. The frames are aligned on the object. Each frame is 30 seconds long, with a 5-second gap between. The motion of the background stars represents the rotation of Earth during the 65-second period.
|A flare, possibly from an Iridium satellite.


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Perspective: Midday Commentary, 02/03/2016
Wednesday, February 3, 2016
February 3 – The U.S. dollar index collapsed this morning, dropping thus far to a low of 97.420, down more than 1,400 points and trading to its lowest level since it posted a low of 97.190 on December 15. A violation of that day's low would leave the greenback vulnerable to a much more substantial sell-off. A surge in the yen as money flowed out of Japan's stocks helped trigger a sell-off in the dollar, which saw its losses accelerate as it broke through areas of chart support.
There was a great deal of ownership in the dollar that suddenly feels uncomfortable with today's weakness. Waning expectations that the Fed will be able to boost interest rates any time soon leaves holders of long dollar positions nervous. The dollar would appear to have strong fundamentals longer-term versus other major currencies, but such is not the story today.
Weakness in the dollar provides modest strength for the broader commodity sector today, led once again by crude oil. Once again, crude oil rallied this morning following a bearish inventory report that showed that stocks rose by another 7.8 million to a new record high 502.7 million barrels in the week ending January 29. Stronger crude and palm oil production concerns provide support for soyoil, but corn and soybeans have otherwise struggled to participate in today's rally after failing to hold a breakout on Tuesday. Wheat prices are again trying to rally, although they've had trouble holding rallies in recent days. Livestock futures are higher on solid demand as producers in the central Plains and northwestern Midwest dig their way out from this week's snowstorm. Cash cattle prices are expected to be steady to firm. Pork product prices are weaker and beef is mixed.
Unless otherwise noted, the posts on this blog should be construed as market commentary, merely observing economic, political and/or market conditions, and not intended to refer to any particular trading strategy, promotional element or quality of service provided by INTL FCStone Inc. or its subsidiaries. INTL FCStone Inc. is not responsible for any trading decisions taken by persons viewing this material. Information contained herein was obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but is not guaranteed as to its accuracy. These materials represent the opinions and viewpoints of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the viewpoints and trading strategies employed by INTL FCStone Inc. or its subsidiaries. Reproduction without authorization is prohibited. All rights reserved.


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BearDown wrote:bcbc55,
Thank you!
Beat UNH.
ExpoEddie wrote:Recruitment. He clearly did not adjust to D1 recruits vs. D3 where some players who can play come to your D3 for academics, location. D1 often go to where they think they will play right away, no other offers and have visions of playing professionally. He did not recruit players who would buy what he was selling. The flipside is Barron recruited out of country players who bought his system. Says a lot on his ability to recruit.
Jeff Cross, Rick Carlisle and Paul Whooley always come to mind that UMO found great players that no one else saw.
MrStark wrote:We're not UMO. UMaine or Maine. Not UMO.
RForester wrote:MrStark wrote:We're not UMO. UMaine or Maine. Not UMO.
What's wrong with UMO? #UMO #blackbearation
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text:
- Description
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PRE Workout V5 Description
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- Creatine is an amino acid (broken down protein) derived compound produced in the body that serves as the primary fuel source (ATP) for short duration, high intensity activities such as sprinting and weight lifting. Creatine is stored primarily in muscle tissue, and it is used for rephosphorylating ADP into ATP. This means that when our muscles use up our energy stores, creatine helps to replenish those stores in a fairly rapid manner. Approximately 2 grams of creatine are found in individuals that do not supplement and maintain a diet including animal based proteins. Those who do supplement can increase their body's internal creatine pool by 10 to 40% depending on diet and total lean muscle mass.
- As a whole creatine is arguably the most extensively researched and effective supplement available today. Over 500 studies exist of the ergogenic benefits of creatine supplementation with over 70% of these studies producing significant improvements in performance without any detrimental side effects.
- Creatine has been proven to increase lean muscle mass, maximal strength, power, and muscular endurance.
- Creatine may also help keep you hydrated in extreme outdoor conditions
- Emerging research suggest creatine may provide cognitive and overall brain health benefits.
- Creatine MagnaPower is more soluble than creatine monohydrate and in theory should absorb better; requiring a lower dose to achieve the same ergogenic benefits as creatine monohydrate.
- The ISSN (International Society of Sports Nutrition) position stand on creatine monohydrate (CM) found that short-term CM supplementation has been reported to improve maximal power/strength (5–15%), work performed during sets of maximal effort muscle contractions (5–15%), single-effort sprint performance (1–5%), and work performed during repetitive sprint performance (5–15%). Long-term CM supplementation appears to enhance the overall quality of training, leading to 5 to 15% greater gains in strength and performance.
- Betaine, scientifically referred to as Trimethylglycine, is a metabolite of choline. Betaine's two main functions in the body are as a methyl donor and osmolyte. As an osmolyte, betaine protects proteins, cells, and enzymes from heat, dehydration, and other physiological stresses. As a methyl donor, betaine is used to convert homocysteine to L-methionine, and is therefore, a precursor to creatine.
- Doses of 2500-6000mg betaine daily may increase muscular strength, endurance, and total training volume.
- Betaine also plays a role in hepatic fat metabolism, promoting muscle protein synthesis, and has been suggested to increase nitric oxide levels.
- A study conducted by the University of Connecticut found that individuals supplementing with 1.25 grams of betaine twice/daily increased bench press power 20%.
- Malic acid plays a vital role in the Krebs cycle where it helps turn carbs, proteins, and fats into energy.
- If there is an inadequate supply of malic acid in the body the Krebs cycle cannot function properly which leads to premature fatigue.
- L-Citrulline is an amino acid that plays an important role in nitric oxide metabolism and regulation.
- It is converted to L-Arginine in the body to support L-Arginine and nitric oxide levels.
- Increased production of nitric oxide (NO) promotes vascular dilation which improves oxygen and blood circulation throughout the body.
- L-Citrulline is also expected to relieve muscle fatigue through ammonia elimination.
- A 2015 study conducted by Bailey et al. found subjects who supplemented with 6000mg L-Citrulline for 7 days were able to improve oxygen uptake and performance during high-intensity exercise.
- Agmatine Sulfate is a byproduct of Arginine through decarboxylation. It produces other byproducts that are involved in cell growth, structural and metabolic support to the nervous system.
- Decarboxylated arginine cannot be broken down in the liver and consequently increases blood flow to working muscles through vasodilation.
- Agmatine has also been shown to manipulate pain receptors which may allow you to train past normal pain thresholds.
- PRE uses a vegan source of agmatine that us derived from fermented plants.
- Nitrosigine is a bonded complex of arginine and silicon that helps enhance nitric oxide levels to a greater degree compared to arginine alone.
- Increased nitric oxide levels promote the relaxation of smooth muscle in blood vessels, increasing blood flow to working muscles.
- In pre-clinical studies nitrosigine was found to be more biologically active than arginine chloride. The research also showed enhanced blood flow during and after exercise which may help with muscle growth and recovery.
- Tyrosine is an essential amino acid whose primary role in the body is as the direct precursor to thyroxine and to the hormones dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.
- Tyrosine may improve both endurance and anaerobic performance via metabolic and/or neurotransmitter upregulation.
- Tyrosine also improves mental acuity, focus, and mood by increasing levels of catecholamines found in the bloodstream.
- A study done at the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory reported that a dose of L-Tyrosine, when provided to sleep deprived subjects, ameliorated psychomotor performance declines associated with mental fatigue.
CHOLINE BITARTRATE (VitaCholine®)
- Choline Bitartrate is formed when choline is combined with tartaric acid.
- This increases the choline's bioavailability and in turn, makes it more effective.
- When supplemented, choline bitartrate increases levels of acetylcholine in the body....a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle contractions and is required for proper memory, cognition, and motor control.
- Increasing choline levels can produce a nootropic type effect as well as create longer and stronger muscle contractions.
CAFFEINE ANHYDROUS and INFINERGY DI-CAFFEINE MALATE
- Caffeine, like creatine, it one of the most studied and proven ergogenic (performance enhancing) aids. Although caffeine can affect a wide variety of motor and mental functions it is most commonly used to improve endurance exercise, focus and cognitive performance, and improve energy levels. Caffeine has also been shown to have a thermogenic effect (heating/calorie burning) at rest and may increase the use of fats for fuel during exercise.
- Dicaffeine Malate, as the name implies, is the combination of caffeine and malic acid. Adding malic acid to caffeine is thought to calm the digestive effects of caffeine and thought to replenish the energy produced by caffeine (either through increased fat oxidation or ATP production). Malic acid may also weaken the feeling of a caffeine crash and slow tolerance development to caffeine.
- According to the research higher doses of caffeine, in the 250-450mg range, are needed to provide an ergogenic benefit.
- The ISSN position stand on caffeine concluded:
- Caffeine can act to enhance alertness and vigilance during times of exhaustive exercise that requires sustained focus.
- Caffeine is an effective ergogenic aid for sustained maximal endurance activity, and has also been shown to be very effective for enhancing time trial performance.
- Caffeine can enhance, not inhibit, glycogen resynthesis during the recovery phase of exercise.
- Caffeine is beneficial for high-intensity exercise of prolonged duration
- L-Theanine is an amino acid, that when consumed produces GABA and glutamate, two neurotransmitters that act on the brain to reduce the perception stress.
- Research suggests that L-Theanine's biggest supplemental role may be in taking the "edge" off of other stimulants.
- A combination of L-Theanine with caffeine is noted to be synergistic in promoting cognition and attention.
- Giesbrecht et al. found the combination of L-theanine and caffeine significantly improved accuracy during task switching, self-reported alertness, and reduced self-reported tiredness.
- Huperizine A is a selective inhibitor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which means it prevents the breakdown and increases the amount of acetylcholine; an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system involved in cognition and muscular contractions.
- Multiple studies have shown that supplementation with Huperzine-A can enhance focus, memory and mood.
- A study conducted by Sun et al. (1999) reported that subjects who supplemented with Huperzine A for 4 weeks improved learning performance and memort compared to a placebo group.
- Taurine is one of the most important, useful, and safest amino acids. Taurine is best known for its beneficial effects on the heart and cardiovascular system. Early clinical research also suggests that taurine, in combination with caffeine, can produce improvements in mental performance. When the body engages in extreme physical activity, it no longer will be able to produce the necessary amounts of taurine, therefore supplementation becomes necessary.
- Taurine is involved in the regulation of core body temperature and may help prevent heat stress and stroke.
- Taurine is also acts is an osmolyte; assisting the body in maintaining proper water balance.
- Zhang et al. (2004) found that individuals who supplemented with taurine for 1 week before an exhaustive exercise bout significantly improved time to exhaustion, VO2 max, and maximal workload. It also decreased exercise induced DNA damage.
- Calcium, potassium, and phosphorus are vital electrolytes needed to maintain bodily water balance and facilitate motor neuron function.
- The combination of these electrolytes in CALCI-K are highly soluble and readily absorbed by the body.
- Electrolytes have been shown to prevent muscle cramps and are essential to normal muscular contractions.
- As we exercise electrolytes are lost through sweat and must be replaced in order to prevent decreases in performance
- Sims et al. (2007) discovered that pre-exercise ingestion of a high-sodium beverage increased plasma volume before exercise and involved less thermoregulatory and perceived strain during exercise and increased exercise capacity in warm conditions.
PRE FAQs
What is the best way to take PRE?
- Mix one heaping scoop of PRE into 12-14 ounces of water and consume 30-45 minutes prior to training.
Can I take PRE with other stimulants (i.e. coffee, fat burners)?
- We don't recommend taking other stimulants with PRE due to the efficacious doses of stimulants found in PRE
I see PRE has 350mg of caffeine. Is that amount safe?
- Generally speaking, yes. A large review by the European Food Safety Authority concluded that a daily safe dose of 400mg is safe for adults. We suggest not taking any other stimulants (like coffee) on the days you take PRE. We also recommend starting with a half scoop to assess your tolerance before moving on to a full scoop.
I heard creatine can cause kidney problems and cause cramping. Is that true?
- Absolutely not. Creatine is the most studied and effective supplement ever...period. Over 500 studies have been done on creatine and none have shown to cause any adverse side effects. However, you should expect to see big improvements in strength, power, and endurance after taking creatine.
What makes PRE better than other pre-workouts?
- A lot of other pre-workouts use ingredients that are ineffective or not properly dosed. All the ingredient in PRE are research backed and dosed efficaciously based on the current scientific literature.
NutraBio Labs has a "No Compromise" commitment to producing the purest, cleanest, and most effective supplements on the market. All of our products are manufactured in-house in our FDA-inspected, GMP certified facility in New Jersey. NutraBio only uses the most superior ingredients and all ingredients are tested by us and a third party lab to ensure 99.98% purity or greater. Our products all include fully transparent labels featuring clinical doses of the highest quality ingredients available. To ensure our customers of our commitment to product quality, we launched a new website Checkmysupps.com which allows our consumers access to independent 3rd-party lab test results of all our products.
PRE Workout V5 Supplement Facts Panel, Label Image, and Suggested Use
Ingredients may change from time to time as we update our products. Please check the label on the bottle.
Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, mix 1 heaping scoop of PRE into 12-14 ounces of water and consume 30-45 minutes prior to resistance training. Vary the amount of water to achieve your desired flavor level. PRE is extremely powerful, first time users should begin use with 1/2 scoop or less to assess your tolerance. DO NOT EXCEED 1 SCOOP IN ANY 24 HOUR PERIOD OR USE MORE THAN 5 DAYS IN ANY 7 DAY PERIOD.
WARNING: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. This product is only intended to be consumed by healthy adults 18 years of age or older. Do not use if you are pregnant, breast feeding, sensitive to caffeine, have known medical conditions (including but not limited to kidney, heart or liver disease) or are taking prescription or OTC medication(s). Consult with your health care practitioner before using this product. Do not use under extreme conditions of heat, CARDIOVASCULAR EXERTION or dehydration. CONTAINS CAFFEINE. Do not use with caffeine or stimulant-containing medications, foods or beverages because too much caffeine may cause nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness and occasionally rapid heartbeat. Discontinue use and consult with your health care professional if you experience any adverse reaction to this product. Do not exceed recommended serving.
PRE Workout V5 Dietary Restriction Information
|PRE Workout V5 is...
Please check individual labels. Flavors may vary.
|Does not contain animal or dairy products.
|Designed to lessen the chances of an allergic reaction.
|Gluten Free
|Does not contain gluten. Suitable for individuals on a gluten free diet.
|Does not contain genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
|Filler Free
|Absolutely no fillers.
|Excipient Free
|Absolutely no excipients or chemical additives.
|BSE/TSE Free
|Free of Bovine Spongiform Ecephalopathy (BSE) and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE).
|Manufactured in the United States in NutraBio's FDA registered and inspected facility to meet FDA 21 CFR Part 111 c-GMP regulations.
|Full Label Disclosure
|Full label disclosure guaranteed!. Every ingredient in this product is declared on the label. In addition, the exact quantity of each active ingredient is declared on the label. No ingredients are hidden in proprietary blends, so you know exactly what's in the product.
We guarantee our supplements to be the freshest and purest: Our powders and capsules contain only pure active ingredient with absolutely no additives. Other manufacturers, in an effort to keep costs down, dilute their products with cheap fillers and add chemical excipients to their products to speed up their manufacturing output. These practices cheat you out of the active ingredient. At NutraBio, we've perfected our manufacturing technology so that excipients aren't needed, that means no microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, silica or other fillers, just 100% pure active ingredient. NutraBio supplements are manufactured under the strictest standards producing the highest quality and purest supplements available anywhere. Our raw ingredients undergo state of the art HPLC analysis to insure zero tolerance for impurities and we manufacture our products every 2 weeks.
Customer Reviews of This Item
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- Suzuki, T., Morita, M., Kobayashi, Y., & Kamimura, A. (2016). Oral L-citrulline supplementation enhances cycling time trial performance in healthy trained men: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled 2-way crossover study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 13(1), 6.
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- Smith, A. E., Walter, A. A., Graef, J. L., Kendall, K. L., Moon, J. R., Lockwood, C. M., ... & Stout, J. R. (2009). Effects of ß-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 6(1), 1-9.
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- Lopez, R. M., Casa, D. J., McDermott, B. P., Ganio, M. S., Armstrong, L. E., & Maresh, C. M. (2009). Does creatine supplementation hinder exercise heat tolerance or hydration status? A systematic review with meta-analyses. Journal of athletic training, 44(2), 215-223.
- Candow, D. G., Chilibeck, P. D., Burke, D. G., Mueller, K. D., & Lewis, J. D. (2011). Effect of different frequencies of creatine supplementation on muscle size and strength in young adults. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(7), 1831-1838.
- McConell, G. K., Shinewell, J., Stephens, T. J., Stathis, C. G., Canny, B. J., & Snow, R. J. (2005). Creatine supplementation reduces muscle inosine monophosphate during endurance exercise in humans. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 37(12), 2054.
- Rae, C., Digney, A. L., McEwan, S. R., & Bates, T. C. (2003). Oral creatine monohydrate supplementation improves brain performance: a double–blind, placebo–controlled, cross–over trial. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 270(1529), 2147-2150.
- Zhang, M., Izumi, I., Kagamimori, S., Sokejima, S., Yamagami, T., Liu, Z., & Qi, B. (2004). Role of taurine supplementation to prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy young men. Amino acids, 26(2), 203-207.
- BOUCHAMA, A., YUSUF, A., AL-SEDAIRY, S. U. L. T. A. N., & EL-YAZIGI, A. D. N. A. N. (1993). Alteration of taurine homeostasis in acute heatstroke.Critical care medicine, 21(4), 551-554.
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Framing Basement to Start the Renovation of a Basement
Among the steps that you should do when you are about to alter your basement is framing basement. As you can guess already, this particular step is dealing with the creation of frames to support the basement itself. This step is needed to create the wall in your basement along with the insulation that is particularly essential to ensure the functionality of your basement.
Tips in Basement Framing
Just in case that you are about to do the project of framing basement all by yourself, you have to make sure that you know what you are doing. It needs some carpentry skills to make sure that there will be nothing wrong along the way. If you have no idea about anything in carpentry, it is advisable that you are looking for professionals to do the framing itself.
Framing is done by using woods in accordance to the specific measurements of the basement. Thus you have to start by measuring everything inside your basement. Once you have done dealing with the measurement of your basement, you will need to transfer the measurement into the woods that you are about to use in framing basement precisely since mistakes in this part will be costly
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Reading for Meaning - How to Motivate Our Students to Read
With all the texting, moving, and multitasking in the world, how do you really expect students to come in, sit down, and read the text and COMPREHEND? Students need a little more than "read this passage" to get them focused on a classroom textbook in this day. This session will give teachers new tools for motivating student to read the text for meaning. Your students will come in and be engaged on the task at hand, all you need is a few new tricks for your classroom toolbox.
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