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Osprey have white underparts and their narrow wings have a distictive crook in flight. Their top feathers are dark brown, flecked with white. Their heads are white with a brown streak behind each eye. The adults can weigh between 2 and 4 pounds and their wingspans are generally 4 1/2 to 6 feet.
Osprey populations, as well as the populations of many raptors, were impacted by the common use of the pesticide DDT in the mid 20th century that contaminated the food chain. The chemical caused the egg shells produced by many birds to be weakened to the point that the eggs just broke rather than surviving incubation. DDT was banned in 1972. The ban along with conservation measures have helped osprey populations to recover.
Osprey range along the east coast, the northwestern corner, and the Great Lakes region of the US in summer months. They range across much of southern Canada and Alaska in summer as well. Wintering grounds are on the southwestern coast of California and along the western shores of the Gulf of Mexico in North America. Osprey are year-round residents on the western shores of Mexico and in Florida.
In Connecticut, osprey had been diminished to 9 nesting pairs in 1974, but the population has rebounded. Nesting osprey are now common and many regularly spend the warm season in the state of Connecticut. They are still threatened by pesticide use in some wintering grounds in the West Indies.
A common local threat to osprey is human trash. They can easily become entangled in monofilament fishing line. Waste fishing line should NEVER be tossed overboard or discarded along the shore. It is not just a hazard to osprey, but puts other wildlife such as great blue herons, turtles and shore birds at risk. Most boat launches and many fishing sites have special containers for waste fishing line. If there is no official container, take old fishing line home and dispose of it in sealed trash. Plastic 6-pack rings are another common entanglement hazard.
Osprey live along lakes, rivers, estuaries, coastal marshes and shorelines.
Ospreys eat fish, almost exclusively. They are also known as fishhawks. They catch fish in their talons and the bottoms of their toes have special spicules which give them a good grip on slippery fish. They often splash into the water after a catch. An osprey can carry a fish weighing up to 4 pounds. The fish are turned to a headfirst position for flight to reduce air resistance.
In Connecticut osprey arrive from their southern wintering sites in late March. The same pair may breed together for years, and use the same nesting site. They build platforms of sticks, bones, seaweed and debris for nests and will usually add to their existing nest each year. The nests are in tall dead trees or something similar. Osprey will use chimneys, artificial nesting platforms, utility poles or buildings as well. 1 to 3 eggs are laid in April which are incubated by the female with the male providing meals. After about 2 months the eggs hatch and both parents care for the chicks. Nesting sites are protected, human activity can disturb nesting osprey so it is best to keep a distance. Nests can be observed with binoculars. The baby osprey will stay with the parents for about 2 months. The lifespan of an ospey is about 10 to 25 years in the wild.


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For a small town, Rurrenabaque hostels and hotels exist in surprising numbers. Most Rurrenabaque hostels do not offer large dorm rooms, as in bigger cities. Accommodations here usually have up to four beds per room. The range of luxury is limited, however, when it comes to a night at a hotel; Rurrenabaque has next to none expensive establishments. Luckily, for just $7, travelers can enjoy a night in a comfortable clean mid-range hotel. Rurrenabaque has a general rule that most rooms come with a private bathroom and breakfast is almost always included.
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St. Stephen's Green was re-opened by Lord Ardilaun in 1880 for the citizens of Dublin. This nine hectare / 22 acre park, in Dublin City Centre, has been maintained in the original Victorian layout with extensive perimeter tree and shrub planting and spring and summer Victorian bedding. The herbaceous border also provides colour from early spring to late autumn. Sanctuary from inclement weather can be obtained in the Victorian lakeside shelter or in the Victorian Swiss shelters in the center of the park.Over 3.5km of pathways are accessible for all users. The park features a waterfall and Pulham rock work on the western side of the green and an ornamental lake which provides a home for waterfowl. A number of sculptures are located throughout the green. A children's playground is also available in the park. Lunchtime concerts are performed during the summer months.Facilities include, public toilets, playground, garden for the visually impaired.Please note St. Stehpen's Green closes according to daylight hours.


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Show Summary
All lenders are not the same. At a time when lenders are competing more than ever for your business, it's important that you understand how to compare them. Mark Filler of Jordan Capital Finance joins us on the FlipNerd.com Expert Interview show today to tell us more, as well as to share how to maximize your chances of getting approved for a credit line, and how to effectively manage your repair draws. Don't miss this insightful episode!
Highlights of this show
- Meet Mark Filler, CEO of Jordan Capital Finance.
- Learn from Mark as he explains how lenders differ, how hard money lenders differ from private lenders, and more.
- Join the discussion how how you can better position yourself to get approved for lines of credit for your real estate deals.
- Learn from Mark as he shares advice on how to more effectively manage your repair draws.
Resources and Links from this show:
Listen to the Audio Version of this Episode
FlipNerd Show Transcript:
Mike: Hey, it's Mike Hambright with flipnerd.com. Welcome back for another exciting expert interview. We're interviewing successful real estate investing experts and entrepreneurs in our industry to help you learn and grow. Today I'm joined by Mark Filler. He's the CEO of Jordan Capital Finance, a direct private lender for real estate investors. Mark has more than 20 years experience in the mortgage industry, leading many very large companies to a massive growth, which he's going to share with us here a little bit. And Mark has lent out hundreds of millions, maybe billions of dollars in his businesses. Today he's going to share his knowledge with us. Specifically he's going to tell us about different types of lenders, because they are not all the same, and how to position yourself to maximize your chances of getting approved for a line of credit. He's also going to tell us how to best optimize your repair draws for your next project, which if you haven't dealt with that before, it can get messy and there is a very efficient to do it, especially if you're working with the right lender. Before we get started with Mark though let's take a moment to recognize our featured sponsors.
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Please note, the views and opinions expressed by the individuals in this program do not necessarily reflect those of flipnerd.com or any of its partners, advertisers, or affiliates. Please consult professionals before making any investments or tax decisions, as real estate investing can be risky.
Hey Mark, welcome to the show.
Mark: Well, I'm sorry about that. Hey, thanks a lot for having me. I appreciate it.
Mike: Yeah, yeah, glad you're here. So as you know, we were talking before the show, a lot of people know this as well after they start working with different lenders, that not all lenders are the same. It's not all an apples of apples comparison, right?
Mark: They are, that's definitely is true. I saw a statistics actually. There is more than 50,000 mortgage lenders in the country.
Mike: Wow, that's incredible.
Mark: So they are not all the same.
Mike: That's incredible, that's incredible. Well, before we dive in to talking about some of the topics that we are going to discuss today, why don't you tell us your background and then how you got to where you are today?
Mark: Sure, I grew up in Chicago, so still living in Chicago. And I was actually a lawyer early in my career. And then a friend of mine convinced that we should start a mortgage company together. And he was a good sales guy, because I didn't know anything about it all. So we started a company called Prism Mortgage, we started that one from scratch, and we ended up doing an initial public offering and selling that to Royal Bank of Canada. And then I worked at another very large New York stock exchange mortgage company. And then in 2007, immediately before the crash just by a couple of months, I started another mortgage company called Prospect Mortgage Company. And that business today has over 2000 employees in over 45 states. So when I was there . . .
Mike: Despite the timing.
Mark: It was . . . I got lucky because if I had waited three more months, we would have never gotten off the ground.
Mike: Wow.
Mark: And yes, so that was fun, and yeah, they're doing great today. So one of the most important niches of Prospect Mortgage is renovation lending. And what I mean by that is it's primarily FHA and some Fannie and Freddie programs, and so about 95% of that is for homeowners, not investors. But we are actually the second largest in the country after Wells Fargo in those types of renovation lending. So I learned a ton about renovation lending, I learned a ton about renovation lending, not just in one state. Most private or hard money lenders operate in one city or one state, but because of my background understanding how to do it all over the country, I'm not a very creative person, so I decided what I was trying to think about what business I wanted to do next. And I said well I'm just going essentially do exactly what I was doing. But instead of doing it for homeowners, I'm going to do it for investors.
And we started the business just over two years ago, and we've already in a short period of time, become one of the top five lenders in our industry.
Mike: That's great. Talk about that shift from a traditional homeowner focus to the investor focus. What was the appeal to move into that space?
Mark: Well, certainly one of the appeals everybody reads about all the regulation, all the regulatory issues in the homeowner space. And this is fun because we actually get to run a business and make decisions based on just simple business practices, and what makes sense. And at the end of the day, all I really have to worry about is my investor going to repay my loan?
Mike: Right. Because it's B2B not B to consumer, yeah.
Mark: Yeah, exactly so avoiding all that regulatory nonsense is great. And this whole investor world, I think it's more fun, I think it's more sophisticated, and it creates more opportunities to being creative in terms of, you're not just focusing on Fannie May rules or city or B of A [SP], you're creating your own guidelines in deciding how you want to run your business.
Mike: Sure and maybe talk about, just a little bit before we get started, talk about what's happened over the past, let's call it three or four years, in terms of lenders becoming more institutional. Prior to that that, that was much less common, right? There was a lot more boots on the ground, local guy that has retired and has some money as a lender. And there are some organized people certainly at the regional or local market level. But there has obviously been a big transition into more of the institutional type players, like yourself, over the past several years?
Mark: Yeah, that is exactly right. In fact, that may be the number one reason why I started this business, because I wanted to do something on a much, much larger scale than what was happening at the time. At the time I don't think I knew of one lender that lent more than a few hour drive from their office. And most of the lenders were operating within an hour of their office. And I saw an opportunity to so something at a much, much larger more institutional nationwide way. And it literally didn't exist when I had the idea. And it turns out I had a good idea, but so did a handful of other guys. And so the whole in that sense though . . . a big part of the business is change in terms of you have a handful of these very sophisticated, extremely well capitalized businesses that want to create something larger. And also I think it's so clearly in just in the last two years, the market place has become, for lenders has become significantly more competitive, which is great for real estate investors where they are the benefactors of that.
But at the same time, I think it's worthwhile to know that not very different than the big institutional guys were buying all these single family properties, and everybody thought they were taking over the world, and they were going to own all the single family houses. It's the same thing on the institutional lender side. All of us, the handful of us that are larger combined we probably have about, I don't know, a few percent market share. So there are still lots of some small guys out there that are doing well in their local markets.
Mike: Yeah, absolutely. Well, probably one of the areas where you guys . . . I've seen this throughout the show and meeting lots of people that have invested in many different markets. So I think even with individual investors, there was a time where they would tend to invest in their backyard. Because the technology, and because of things that have made this more efficient, there's people that are virtually investing in multiple markets. And I think it seems to make sense to have a lender that can you lend you in all those markets where you operate versus building those relationships across the board. It goes hand in hand with that phenomenon.
Mark: I couldn't agree more. I also think you find that some of the more sophisticated investors, they are very opportunistic. So they might buy a single family home one day, and a four flat another day and a 25 unit apartment building the next day. And then maybe they focus on renovation. And then all of a sudden they are flipping. And all of a sudden they see something that they want to hold for rental. And then maybe the next month they see a new construction opportunity. So one of the things that I think if I were an investor been able to look at, is I would try to find who can do all those different things for me. I do believe having a relationship with a lender is really, really important, and it'll be to the investors' advantage to have a really solid relationship with one or two lenders, instead of having to go to four or five different places.
Mike: Sure, yeah. I know even myself personally I have four of my fix and flips, I have a specific bank that I work with, but they won't do rentals. And I have another one that I do my rental financing with, and they'll fix and flips, but it's not as cost effective as the other one. So I have that even in my own business for sure.
Mark: Sure.
Mike: Yeah, well why don't you talk a little bit about some of the differences in lenders? So I think there are some terms that are thrown out a lot that people assume all mean the same like, hard money lender, private lender terms like that, but they could mean very different things, right?
Mark: Sure, sure. We say that the differences, or one of the primary differences between a private a lender and a hard money lender is, typically a hard money lender only cares about the asset. So they figure as long their loan is only maybe 60% or lower of the appraised value of the property, that they are not worried about the borrower, they are not even that worried about whether necessarily they get paid back on their loan because they are very happy to go foreclose on the property, own the property and make more money doing that than they could as a lender. And then I would say that a private lender, I think looks more holistically at the situation in terms of wanting to work with investors that have more of a track record, and essentially they know what they are doing, and they are not just going to bring the company just one loan, but they are in to do it more long term business. And I think that type of a lender, us included, but all the large firms we just talked about, they don't really ever want to foreclose on a property, and make money that way.
They want to work with borrowers that are going to pay them back. And they are there to work things out. And not just . . . that would not a loan to own shop, not somebody that's just going to say, "Well, you're 35 days late on your payment. Too bad I'm foreclosing on you."
Mike: Right, okay.
Mark: So in order to do that some of the private money lenders in some ways can be a little bit more cumbersome upfront in this, because they actually do care about the borrower, and knowing who they are going to do business with. They might ask for a few more documents than the true hard money lender that really cares about nothing beside the appraised value of the property.
Mike: Yeah, and that's usually upfront though right? Because I know I have a line of credit with a bank for example, they evaluate that upfront and then they asks for tax returns once a year and some things like that. But essentially as long as the deal fits the criteria that we agree to upfront, I know the money is there. There's never a problem to get loans.
Mark: Yeah, no exactly and that's another reason that you might want to go to one of the larger firms to get money, because some of the small guys, the typical small guy in our business or even the middle size guy in our business, they are typical model is, they go to their friends and their family. They borrow as much money, they get as much money as they can, and depending on who your friends and family are, it could be half a million dollars, it could be two million dollars, it could be five million dollars, eight million dollars and let's say they typically they'll pay their friends and their family around 10% of the money. And then they turn around, and then they lend to that more than 10% and they keep the spread. But they might . . . if one month or two months they have a lot of loan activity, the third month they might not have any more money, because they are friends and family only goes so deep.
And so to your point, if I were in business, I want to know that my lender is going to have money no matter what so that I can act quickly, I can act with confidence. And as an example, one of the things that we do, we approve a borrower and we actually offer a long-term line of credit. So a typical deal would be, a borrower comes to us, we underwrite them, we say, "Here is a million dollars. Now you can go out and spend it. All you need to do is get us a purchase contract and a title policy." And we can close deals in a week, because we already know a lot about the borrower. And again it's not just us, but people who have a lot more money and are in this more for the long-term relationships.
Mike: Sure, so let's talk a little bit about to what . . . how people can optimize that position themselves to be attractive to a borrower for you guys, or some of the other folks that are in your space. What is it that . . . if you're a hard money lender and you're looking more at the asset and less at the person, when you are looking at the person as a borrower, what are some of the things that they could do to make themselves more appealing?
Mark: Sure [inaudible 00:16:15] a lot of it would just be organized. As an example, if you could show a couple HUDs on actual transactions that you buy and sell. People get comfortable that you have a track record. I think that's a pretty big deal. It doesn't have to be a lot of experience, but if you could show a couple deals that you've done, I think that gives people a lot of comfort. Giving all your statements that show your liquidity I think is a really big deal. And so it's a little bit of a pain in the neck upfront because maybe you have your liquidity in three or four different accounts and you say, "Well it's a pain in the neck to go get all the statements." But it's worth it, because you're going get a better deal, you're going to get more capital available to you, and the process is going to quicker and smoother, because they are going to have a greater profile of the overall borrower. Being able to show that you have some net worth certainly helps.
I'll tell you one of the things that I think is pretty common amongst some of the larger lenders in this industry, is there is a lot of concern about somebody you had a bankruptcy or foreclosure, particularly a foreclosure or a short sale in the last couple of years. Because people are worried about what's going to happen if something happens bad in the renovation or market or something, to see that, people that at least been okay on their mortgages.
Mike: Okay, yeah, I know for me personally I have to . . . the first time I did it, it was a pain in the neck to create . . . especially with multiple lenders. And then I found out that they didn't necessarily care if I used their format. They just wanted a personal financial statement, and so I created one that kind of looked like both of them. And once a year we just know the process now. When we get our tax returns back, send them to those guys, we fill out pour personal financial statements that basically just shows our assets and liability. And for us that includes going through all of our rentals to see well re-running what we think the market value is now, because it changes from year to year obviously. And we find out what our debt is, and how much were paid down in those rentals. And that's actually a really good exercise for everybody to go through anyway.
Mark: Yeah.
Mike: But there were few times where that I was like this is just some extraneous thing I'm creating for my lenders. Even though I'm totally good for the money, in my mind, I don't have to do all this. I'm good for the money. But it turns out to be a good exercise. It's like, "Hey you find out . . . " It's a snapshot of your personal financial standing. And I look at it more that way now than I did I the past. It's really not that big of a deal.
Mark: I wish more borrowers shared your point of view.
Mike: Yeah, well.
Mark: It's actually funny that you say that, because for the first year we were in business, we had a required form that people had to use to fill out their personal financial statement. We got so many criticisms that it took too much time, or it was too much of a burden. So we actually did exactly what you are talking about, and we allowed people to do it on their own forms now.
Mike: Yeah, great.
Mark: But that's definitely one of the complaints that a more institutional lender will get is, that "Oh well my hard money local guy doesn't require me to fill out a personal financial statement." They just care about the appraisal. But I think it's worth it to know and also if you have a line in credit, then you can actually get a proof of funds. So that if you are trying to buy an asset from let's say from a more institutional buyer or there's a competitive situation, where there's multiple bids on a property, and you can walk in and show that you actually have cash lined up so you are on the same category as a cash buyer.
Mike: Yeah, there's a lot of comfort in being able to buy with confidence knowing that you got money there to do the deal, yeah.
Mark: If you know you can close in a week, you're going to be able to get some concessions out of the seller that you wouldn't be able to otherwise.
Mike: For sure, absolutely. So one of the things that a lot of . . . is always something to consider when you are working either a lender is how quickly they are on repair draws, how easy that process is, because if you don't have a lot of money and you are borrowing most of the money to do the job, you've got to pay your contractors. And contractors tend to be week to week type people, hand to mouth type people so they want to get paid right away. And I've always advised people, in terms of how to manage contractors and those things, that there are really are two things that are really critical. One is very clear communications on what they're supposed to do. And two is paying them like clockwork, because it's such an important part. But maybe you can just take a second maybe this could be new for some people. Just talk about the concept of what a repair draw is, and how that process works?
Mark: Sure, yeah, so what we do is, we have . . . if somebody wants to borrow repair draw money from us, what we do upfront before we loan them the money for their purchase acquisition piece, we actually ask them for their construction budget. And so then we take the budget. We review the budget to make sure that we think it's appropriate for the transaction, if things are in the right ball park, if something looks too high, or too low, or they missed something, etc. And now we have this budget. Let's just using as an example, that the repair budget was $40,000. So what we will do is, as an example, typically we lend 80% sometimes more, sometimes less of the renovation expenses. So we'll have this $40,000 budget, and it's actually by line item. And let's say that the borrower decides after three weeks that he wants to get some money. He'll call us up, and he'll say "I'm one quarter of the way done with my renovation."
So that means that in his mind he's done 25% of the $40,000 that we have in our overall budget. So we send an inspector out, it takes probably an hour. The inspector goes through the property says, "Okay, yes, you're 25% of the way done through your renovation, or no, you are not 25% done with the renovation, and you're only 20% done." And then 24 hours later we get the borrower that percentage based on the completion of the work percentage, we get them their funds 24 hours later. It's a pretty simple process. I think the thing that somebody could say is, I get a pain in the neck is, they actually have to show an organized construction budget. So if you are going to do it back of the napkin, I think it's a good thing because it causes you to be more organized, and make sure that you really get into the project, and you know what it's actually going to cost you to do things. And it's worthwhile, because that way if you want to get two or three draws during the process so that you can pay your like you said, you can pay your contractors on time or really quickly, I think it's clearly worth it.
Mike: Yeah, it's a good business practice anyway just to be organized. But talk a little bit about, in terms of when you pay that out, let's say that 25% in your example, is it based on scope of work inside of their? So for example, just to clarify, if people bought all the materials let's say in that $40,000 budget, let's say the materials were 15,000 of that total budget, if they just go spend 15,000 on materials and stick them in the garage, do you reimburse on that, or they need to actually be installed and finished work right?
Mark: Yeah, that's a good question. We, of course, like to see it installed.
Mike: Yeah.
Mark: And in a rare occasion we'll be flexible, and obviously we're more flexible with a borrower that we've already done a couple of deals with, we get to know him. But initially when we work with people we definitely want to see that it's installed.
Mike: Yeah, okay and talk about the kind of timing on that process, because I know for a lot of folks that again don't have a lot of money they are relying on their lender to pay those things. Just talk about the process of, or maybe give some tips on how they can officially manage their rehab, so that they get paid quickly and . . .
Mark: Yeah, that's a good question. What I would say is it's again being organized. So if you know that in four days you are going to want to have an inspector come out, and that way the next day you can get funding, instead of waiting to the fourth day you call us up four days earlier and say, "Hey can you have an inspector out here in the next three, four or five days?" So just by giving us a little notice, being a little organized that way we can already set up the inspection. And then it really does go clock work, because the guy comes out on the day that he said he was going to come out, and we can fund you 24 hours later. So I would just think it's just a question of always anticipating when you are going to want the money as opposed to waiting until the time you actually want the money.
Mike: Yeah, I know in my business where we've had hundreds of houses. We had even with our contractors back to that kind of expectation setting, we always had a set up to where, if you email in your invoice to effectively our book keeper by 5 p.m. on a Wednesday, we'll have a check for you on Friday, and just setting that expectation, because I think a lot of contractors, if you let them, they'll say "Well, it's Monday afternoon, and I need a check right now." And you have to define that process, and I think if you have that process defined for your business, if it was the same process I've mentioned where we are going to send in your invoice by Monday or by Wednesday, we'll have a check for you on Friday.
You just back into, well when do I need to have certain amount of work done, so that I can request my repair draw four or five days ahead of time. Anticipate making that payment.
Mark: Exactly yeah, if we have that kind of notice, we can get you the money when you want it every time.
Mike: Yeah, great. Well Mark, anything else you want to talk about today to give any kind of words or wisdom to people looking to build relations with a lender?
Mark: That's a good question. Obviously to me, there is a just a lot of basics. Make sure that the lender has a reputation for closing when they say they are going to close. Meeting closing dates to me is as important as just about anything. Making sure that . . . I would think about that as maybe about sometimes when things have not gone perfectly. Let's say that the construction budget, it turned out that there was some unexpected expenses, or weather caused a month delay in the renovation, or the property took longer than expected to sell, any kind of . . . or the contractor had a medical issue and had to take three weeks off of work, or whatever it is, to talk about how a lender responds in those situations, and what their attitude is in terms of whether they are really borrower centric and borrower friendly versus become combative in those situations. Because we all know that if you use a lender enough something is going to happen. And having that relationship I think is really important to working those kinds of things out.
Mike: That's great advice. So Mark, if folks want to learn more about Jordan Capital Finance, where do they go?
Mark: jordacapitalfinance.com or jordancf.com.
Mike: Okay, well I add a link down below here, and maybe you could just talk a second to talk about where you lend, and where you don't. I know that you're lending in most states now, right?
Mark: Yeah, we are at about 45 states and bottom line for us is we are really focused on anything that's East, Midwest, and Texas, we have not . . . we are not lending in particular [inaudible 00:29:55] an example, California and Nevada. And like you said 45 out of 50, and the only two big ones that we don't lend are California and Nevada. There others, there are some small states that had some awkward regulatory issues, so we've chosen not go there. It might not be 45 states, it might be 43, I don't remember the exact, but it's most of the places.
Mike: Okay, well we'll add your link to your website down below the video here for those that are interested. Mark, thanks so much for spending time with us today.
Mark: Appreciate it. Thank you very much.
Mike: Good to see you. I appreciate you.
Mark: Thank you.
Mike: Are you a member of flipnerd.com, the most robust real estate investing platform in existence where you can find off-market wholesale deals and great vendors, literally in your market? You can get access to advice from experts, and learn about local clubs and events right in your backyard. If not, please visit flipnerd.com or register for a free account. You can register in less than a minute. It's pretty much the coolest site that's every existed in the real estate investing industry. So get on over to flipnerd.com.


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Proverbs 30 contains seven enumerated lists, which are punctuated with shorter proverbs:
A.Agur: Stupider than any man, vv 2-4
B. The word of God, vv 5-6
1.Two requests, vv 7-9 (don't slander a slave, v 10)
2. Four generations, vv 11-14
3. Two/three daughters of leech, vv 15-16 (eye that mocks father, v 17)
4. Three/four wonderful things, vv 18-19 (way of adulterous woman, v 20)
5. Three/four things that make earth shake, vv 21-23
6. Four small wise things, vv 24-28
7. Three/four stately things, vv 29-31
A'. Stop foolish self-exaltation, vv 32-33
The seven lists subdivides the list into four groups that are arranged in a "1, 2, 1, 3" rhythm. Further, the one-verse proverbs divide the whole sequence into a 4 + 3 pattern, like the creation week itself (where the last three days are distinguished as days of "blessing," Genesis 1:22, 28; 2:3).
Though the seven lists don't seem to correspond with the days of the creation week, we do have at least the numerical correspondence, and verses 29-31 stand in the seventh, "Sabbatical" position. Sabbath is associated with rest, completion, enthronement, judgment, and we should be alert to the possibility that this section of Proverbs 30 is ringing changes on those themes.
One immediate link with Genesis 1 is the repetition of the root "good." The Hebrew of Proverbs 30:29 uses two different words based on the same root – yatab, "be well" and tob, "be good." We could bring out the repetition by translating the verse literally: "three things do well in stepping, and four good in walking."
In most of the days of the creation week, Elohim pronounced the world "good" (Genesis 1:4, 10, 12, 18, 21, 25, 31). The three/four things listed in these verses are thus among the "good, very good" things of the creation. These verses are connected with the creation and Sabbath in another way as well. The climax of the list is the key to the whole: All of these images explain the "goodness" of a king, and particularly the goodness of a king in the midst of his army of people.
The sequence moves from the lion to the cock (preferable to AV's "greyhound") to the he-goat to the king. We move from the world outside human control to a bird that is domesticated but not sacrificial to a sacrificial animal to a king. The list moves from the creature most distant from man to man himself, specifically to the king. As the list moves toward the king, the emphasis shifts dramatically, and we end up with a sharp contrast between the animals and the king.
The lion is a mighty man (gibbor) among the beasts, and does not turn back from the face of any other beasts. Though the lion is being described as "among" beasts, he is isolated on the throne of the wild animals. Lions don't fight in packs; he fights leo a leo.
The cock "struts." That word also means "loins" and is often used in contexts where the loins are being "girded" for war or work. Like the lion, the cock is ready for battle, and will face down enemies. Like the lion, the cock is a lone battler. He may have a harem of hens, but the text doesn't mention them.
There is also no reference to a flock in the reference to the he-goat. In Daniel 8:5, a he goat (Alexander the Great) bucks here, there, and everywhere until he has conquered the whole world. Alexander had an army, but Daniel's vision depicts his conquest as the actions of a single lead goat, bursting with testosterone. In each of the first three items on the list, the lone lead animal relies on his own native strength and courage to stand against opposition.
That is not true of the king, who walks with calm stateliness only when "surrounded by his army." Unlike lions, cocks, and he-goats, kings depend for their strength and "goodness" on others. It is not good for man to be alone; it is not good for a king to be alone. When the king has not surrounded himself with an army, a crowd of supporters, he is vulnerable, weak, "not good."
This principle applies to all sorts of leadership in human life. Men often operate on the idiotic macho assumption that they can do everything on their own, without help or advice from friends, wife, or associates. Husbands think that being head means being the lion and the strutting cock and the he-goat of the household. Pastors think they are the stars of their churches, and act as if they believe l'ecclesia, c'est moi.
Employers forget that they have no business at all without employees. Nothing is more pathetic – "not good" – than a husband who charges out to lead a family that is not with him. Nothing is weaker than a king who heads into battle, and then realizes nobody is following him. Nothing is more un-stately than a king, without the robes of his people, processing alone.
When leaders find themselves isolated, they naturally blame others: That's the Adamic way. A President who is not leading blames the people for not following; a husband who fails to lead his family blames his family for rebelling against his headship. The real problem is that the leader is acting like an ass.
How is a leader to become a king surrounded by an army, rather than a lone lion, cock, and he-goat? Fundamentally, he has to recognize that he is not alone, is not meant to be alone, and cannot fulfill his absurd wish to lead alone. He has to learn that this dependence is not weakness, but the glory of man made in the image of the Triune communion.
He has to learn that his "goodness" depends on being among others, and he needs to heed the lessons of Proverbs 30 as a whole. The whole chapter is designed to answer the question raised by the final, Sabbatical section: How does a king become "good" in his walk? How does he fulfill that created calling or potential?
Proverbs 30 tells us: A king becomes stately by humility (vv. 1-4, 32-33), by listening to God's tested word (vv. 5-6), by renouncing Mammon (vv. 7-9), by honoring parents (vv. 11-14), by refusing the adulterous Lady Folly (v. 20), by cleaving to his wife and refusing to take on a mistress, another Lady Folly (vv. 21-23), by considering himself small but by being wise (vv. 24-28).
If the king does all this, then he will "do well" in his steps and "be good" in his walk. If he follows the wisdom of Agur, he will be a king, not a cock.


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Chennai, May 16 : Enraged by actor-politician Kamal Haasan's 'Hindu terrorist' remark, a person threw his slipper at him at Thiruparankundram in Tamil Nadu.
Haasan was addressing an election rally in support of his Makkal Needhi Maiam candidate when the attack took place on Wednesday night.
Police said the person who threw the slipper has been taken into custody. The slipper fell before the dais and not near Haasan.
At the meeting, a group of people shouted slogans. The police took 11 persons into custody.
On Sunday, at the Aravakuruchi Assembly constituency, Haasan, while campaigning for his party candidate, said about the killer of Mahatma Gandhi: "The first extremist of independent India was a Hindu — Nathuram Godse. It all started from there."
Tamil Nadu Minister K.T. Rajenthra Bhalaji said the actor-politician's tongue should be cut.


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The Rules of "Britain's Got Talent"
"Britain's Got Talent" is a popular television show produced in the United Kingdom. The show was created by "American Idol" judge Simon Cowell and features on the English television channel ITV.
Dancers, singers, comedians and other performing artists compete for a cash prize and the opportunity to perform at the annual Royal Variety Performance for the queen and other members of the English monarchy. The winners are decided by a panel of judges, and all contestants must meet the requirements set by ITV and FremantleMedia Unlimited.
You cannot simply show up to an audition and expect to perform. If you want to be considered for the show, you must fill out an official application and return it to ITV/FremantleMedia Limited as soon as you can. You can also call a special program audition phone number in order to learn the details about auditioning and to leave your contact information, preferred city for the audition and the type of performance you will give. Details from your application can be used on the show. You must also disclose any criminal or civil convictions or actions in which you have been involved or which are pending against you. (See Reference 1.) There is no limit to the number of times you can apply.
Age and Nationality
You must be a citizen of the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland in order to compete. Applicants must prove their citizenship with a valid passport. You must also be able to show proof of age. Performers under the age of 18 are allowed to compete if they are accompanied by a parent or guardian to the audition. (See Reference 1.) Providing inaccurate personal details can lead to disqualification from the competition.
Auditions are held at select cities in England, Scotland and Ireland. A large number of hopefuls come to each audition, so if your act takes more than two minutes to set up, you are allowed to show a video of your performance instead of live performing (see references 2). Artists must bring their own music, instruments and/or props as none will be provided. Come completely dressed in whatever clothes you want to audition in, as there will be no dressing rooms.Time constraints also mean that you will not be able to finish an entire song or performance, so feature the best part of your act in order to impress the judges.
Once chosen to participate, you will have maintain your silence until the show airs. Contestants on the show are barred from discussing any kind of third party information about it. You cannot speak about the other participants on the show, your own performance or the production unless the information has already become public knowledge (see references 3).
During the auditions and live shows, a judge may press a buzzer, indicating he doesn't like the act, at any time. If all the judges buzz, the act is over immediately. If the performance makes it without being buzzed out, the judges then comment on the performance but do not give a score. Who progresses to the semi-finals and finals is first decided by public votes. Phone lines for the show are opened at the end of each episode, and callers can vote for the act they liked best. The act with the most votes automatically goes on, while the judges decide who else will continue. There is no official judging criteria.


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Air Conditioning Repair and Installation in Asheville, NC
Keep cool and comfortable all season long with the help of the pros at Gentry Heating, Inc. We've been providing air conditioner repair and AC installation throughout the Asheville area since the 1960s. When you need healthy air and dependable service, turn to Gentry Heating.
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Before any air conditioner repair or installation work begins, we make sure the customer is comfortable with all aspects of the project, including the timeline and the budget. Our techs clean up after themselves and behave professionally at all times. Hazardous materials are handled safely to comply with EPA rules and protect your health and property.
No job is too big or too small for the Gentry Heating crew. We are committed to keeping Asheville and Western North Carolina cool.
24/7 Emergency Service Available


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Three-year-old Lola Coffey, whose aunt Samantha has an allotment at Weaver Square, is pictured at the gardens last week. PHOTO: DARREN KINSELLA
Three-year-old Lola Coffey, whose aunt Samantha has an allotment at Weaver Square, is pictured at the gardens last week. PHOTO: DARREN KINSELLAView More Images
DUBLIN 8 residents gathered in a local park last week to protest a decision by Dublin City Council to build housing on what they argue is one of the last green spaces left in a densely populated area.
Locals have described the move to close down the Weaver Square Community Garden and allotments at the end of this year in order to create Rapid Build Housing units, "short-sighted" and "a failure to recognise the many social benefits the already limited green spaces bring to Dublin 8".
Users of the popular amenity say they have been told that they will have to down gardening tools on December 31 when they will be "locked out" of the 182sqm site.
They have said that the eviction notice is affecting the community association that uses the garden for its work with children, young adults, those seeking outdoor therapy and the other allotment families who use the site.
"This community garden has been a life-line for all the inner-city groups deprived of green space," Ivanna Chovgan of the South West Inner-City Network (SWICN) said.
"Children and young adults have learnt grow-your-own skills and self-sufficiency. It has given therapy to people who desperately need it and it has brought individuals of different backgrounds together in a unique green space.
"This is not to mention the food it provides to feed local families. It would be a short-sighted disaster to so many people to lose this place.
"Locals using the Weaver Square Community Garden and allotments are to be placed on existing waiting lists for a reduced number of green spaces."
This high-density urban area in the heart of Dublin has already seen recent public protests over the future of St Kevin's GAA playing pitch, plans for the Player Wills site, Newmarket Square, Meath Street and St Teresa's Gardens.
Now locals say they are concerned that the housing crisis will be used as an excuse to avoid public consultation and that the inner-city green space will be bulldozed.
"Weaver Square Community Garden Group are calling on the council to halt development plans on the Weaver Square Community Garden and allotment site and to reconsider the value of this green space to he Liberties community." the group added in a statement.
A spokesperson for the council said the site at Chamber/Weaver Street was zoned in the City Development Plan for residential purposes. It is owned by Dublin City Council and forms part of the council's limited land bank for the development of social housing, the spokesperson said.
"There is a housing crisis in Dublin City and we have to make best possible use of the limited land bank that we have," the spokesperson added
"There is a large number of households on our housing waiting lists for this area.
"Currently this land is being used for allotments on short term licence agreements. It was always intended to develop housing on this site.
"We are trying to source an alternative location in the Dublin 8 area to cater for the allotment licensees currently using this site. It is difficult to do this in an urban environment/setting and it is also difficult to get the right balance between the urgent need for housing and the demand to retain open spaces such as this one."
However, locals have been backed in their campaign by Fianna Fáil Seanad Group Leader, Senator Catherine Ardagh, who said the residents of Dublin 8 had already suffered losses in local community resources.
"The Liberties and the entire Dublin 8 area is densely populated but has the lowest proportion of green space in the whole of Dublin City," the senator stated.
"Local residents in Dublin 8 are justifiably very concerned about the future of one of the last remaining green spaces in this urban neighbourhood.
"Weaver Square Community Garden and the 27 allotments are of great benefit to very many families and people living locally. Community green spaces provide social, recreational and community-based activity for people of all abilities.
"I am the first to advocate for urgently required sustainable housing in our area," Senator Ardaahg added. "Just this week I raised that issue in the Seanad, but private property development cannot always be given the go ahead at the expense of the needs of existing residents.
"The Local Authority's first ever Dublin City Parks Strategy 2017-2022 specifies its vision as 'growing towards a greener and more liveable Dublin City.' Worse again, it in fact acknowledges that the current provision of open space and overall greening in the Liberties 'is poor.' These statements are both clearly at odds with their planned action on Weaver's Square.
"There was a severe shortage of green park space when this strategy was derived and it will be non-existent if this planned closure of Weaver Square Gardens goes ahead."
Senator Ardagh added:"I hope to see the whole community get behind this important campaign to have a say on the future environment of the area and that there will be excellent support at both upcoming events."
According to locals Dublin 8 has the lowest proportion of green space in Dublin City
"Dublin 8 is a high-density, urban location in desperate need of more parks, green spaces for community usage," the group representing has argued.
"Now it will have even less for residents and families. Since the community garden and allotments have been established, hundreds of people have benefited from them. These social, health, environmental and educational benefits will be lost.
" Instead of making Dublin 8 a more liveable place, transient, high-density, private property development at the expense of the residential community have taken place.
"Locals support moves to address the housing crisis and recognise that has housing targets. However, there are alternative vacant sites that could be used without destroying a rare green space such as Weaver Square."


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IP Corporate Strategy Summit
This brand new event will bring together the most senior corporate in-house IP practitioners and business leaders from a range of industries to discuss practical and strategic issues relating to IP management.
Unlike other conferences, the programme will be led by in-house practitioners and the schedule will allow time for attendees to share expertise and solve problems in tables of small groups. Chatham House Rules will apply so that all those attending can speak freely.
Rather than focusing on short-term legislative developments and case law, the IP Corporate Strategy Summit will address issues such as managing business risk; litigation and enforcement strategy; new ways to exploit IP assets; and managing the in-house team. The speakers will represent big and small companies and other organisations, and the full range of IP assets. There will be a particular focus on new and emerging technologies and business models.
Find out more here.


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Totally Patched
Everything Log Cabin Borders & Binding Only
Regular price £2.10
If you purchased your kit and bolt ons from our recent show on the TV Shopping Channel, you may want Borders and Binding from us too.
You simply need to choose the size that corresponds with your quilt and add it to your basket. You will then use the binding and borders we send you as well as the binding and borders that came in the original Throw Kit.
You will be purchasing:
Single - 1 extra of each
Double - 3 extra of each
Kind Size - 5 extra of each
We also have Backing and Wadding available if you'd like some, pre-cut specifically for this.


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One of the foremost creations of romantic historicism in Europe, Schwerin Castle lies in a picturesque lake and park setting. Leading architects of the 19th century contributed designs to the castle, which can be enjoyed by wheelchair users. Touch tours are also available.
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Home is where you hang your @
A journey of a thousand sites begins with a single click.
You can't teach a new mouse old clicks.
Great groups from little icons grow.
Speak softly and carry a cellular phone.
C:\ is the root of all directories.
Don't put all your hypes in one home page.
Pentium wise; pen and paper foolish.
The modem is the message.
Too many clicks spoil the browse.
The geek shall inherit the earth.
A chat has nine lives.
Don't byte off more than you can view.
Fax is stranger than fiction.
What boots up must come down.
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Modulation in all things.
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Know what to expect before you connect.
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Give a person a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a person to use the Net and he won't bother you for weeks.


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Bidar k Chaubara ki katha
The Plan
Chaubara a tower which has its own charm served both as Watch and Clock tower to the inhabitants from almost 1082 A.C. The victorious(king) Muti-ud-Din Mohammad Aurangzeb Bahadur 'Alamglr the conqueror, during the governorship of the humblest servant (of the Court) this was completed. 'Chau' means four and 'bara' means fortified palace in both Hindi and Persian languages. This cylindrical tower built in the middle of the town where two principal thoroughfares of Bidar cross each other. One of the two thoroughfares extends from north to south and east and west of the cities Entry gates. The town plan is based on the gridiron principle, with parallel streets linked together to cross roads.
The architectural importance
As it said to be built in the pre-Islamic period, but its architecture is more or less of Islamic influence. Rising 71 feet above the ground level from where the guards used to keep an eye on entire plateau at the same time enjoying those eye soothing lowlands stretching beyond sight in every direction. With circular base, 180 feet in circumference and 16 feet 9 inches in height, with arched niches built along its lower parts. This central building facing in four directions had 4 wells on the corners in the same four direction to quench thirst of Guards. The tower has the steps built in its interior. The terrace level is at 114 feet, and a space of 8 5″ feet enabling visitors to walk round. A winding staircase comprising eighty steps leads built to reach terrace through a small door on the northern side, resembling those of the early mosques of Western Asiatic countries. Pillars of this tower are frequently to be noticed in the Islamic buildings of the 14th and 15th centuries in India, prayer-halls of the Firoz Shah Kotla mosque at Delhi, and the great Mosque at Samarra. The staircase of the tower has an arch shaped vaulted ceiling which is not to be found in pre-Islamic buildings and has four rectangular openings pierced in its walls to let in light and air. The entire tower is built of black trap masonry laid in lime and strengthened. Mubarak KhaljI's mosque at Daulatabad, and the Bahamani Idgah at Bidar itself are notable examples of such masonry.
Religious Importance
Chaubara also holds a religious and cultural importance, Ramadan colours up the tower and surrounding streets with beautiful lights and every year serving District Commissioner, Superintendent of Police from the terrace of chaubara witness large procession and announce the winning Mandal and rewarding them with a prize on the day of Ganesh Visarjan. The procession starts by following certain rituals of pooja/arti by these dignitaries of district at choubara and ends in holy water of Manjeera River whose streams fulfil thirst of entire deccan plateau.
Chaubara then and now
During Bahmani rule these may have been occupied by the guards who kept watch here, or resorted to by pedestrians when taking short rests during their journeys. At times of British Raj the front of the base was disfigured by a police station built facing the north, but heritage lovers Theodore Tasker, the ex-Revenue Member, and his able and energetic successor, Mr. W. V. Grigson, this police station has been pulled down and the facade of the Chaubara fully exposed. The tower was housed with a sun dial and has been replaced with the automated machine clock by the first District Commissioner of after the Indian Independence, from then it has been reconstructed and modified number of times. But still serves a greater purpose by showing the right Time!


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A road train or roadtrain is a trucking concept used in remote areas of Argentina, Australia, Mexico, the United States and Canada to move bulky loads efficiently. The term "road train" is most often used in Australia. In the U.S. and Canada the terms "triples," "Turnpike doubles" and "Rocky Mountain doubles" are commonly used for longer combination vehicles (LCVs).[1] A road train consists of a relatively conventional tractor unit, but instead of pulling one trailer or semi-trailer, the road train pulls two or more of them. These should not be confused with land trains, which are relatively lightweight vehicles used for moving passengers.
History Edit
In the 1930s, the Government of South Australia operated a fleet of AEC 8x8 military trucks to transport freight and supplies into the Northern Territory, replacing the Afghan camel trains that had been trekking through the deserts since the late 1800s. These trucks pulled two or three 6m (18 ft) Dyson four-axle self tracking trailers. With 130hp engines, the AEC's were grossly underpowered by today's standards, and drivers and offsiders routinely froze in winter and sweltered in summer due to the truck's open cab design and the position of the engine radiator behind the seats.
Australian Kurt Johansson is recognised as the inventor of the modern road-train.[2] After transporting stud bulls 200 miles (320 km) to an outback property, Johansson was challenged to build a truck to carry 100 head of cattle instead of the original load of 20. Provided with financing of a couple thousand pounds and inspired by the tracking abilities of the Government roadtrain, Johansson began construction. Two years later his first road train was running.[3]
Johansson's first roadtrain consisted of a US Army WW2-surplus Diamond-T tank carrier, nicknamed "Bertha", and two home-built self tracking trailers. Both wheelsets on each trailer could steer, and therefore could negotiate the tight and narrow tracks and creek crossings that existed throughout Central Australia in the earlier part of last century. Freighter Trailers in Australia viewed this improved invention and went on to build self-tracking trailers for Kurt and other customers, and went on to become innovators in transport machinery for Australia.
This first example of the modern roadtrain, along with the AEC Government Roadtrain, forms part of the huge collection at the National Road Transport Hall of Fame in Alice Springs, Northern Territory (Australia).
Usage Edit
Australia Edit
Australia has the largest and heaviest road-legal vehicles in the world, with some configurations topping out at close to 200 tonnes (440,000 lb). The majority are between 80 and 120 t (180,000 and 260,000 lb). Two-trailer road trains, or "doubles," are allowed in most parts of Australia, with the exception of some urban areas. Three trailer road trains (triples) operate in western New South Wales, western Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and the Northern Territory, with the last three states also allowing AB-Quads (3.5 trailers). Darwin is the only capital city in the world that will allow triples and quads to within 1 km (0.62 mi) of the central business district (CBD). [4] Victoria and Tasmania do not allow the operation of roadtrains on any of their roads.
Strict regulations regarding licensing, registration , weights and experience apply to all operators of road trains throughout Australia.
Road trains are used for transporting all manner of materials, with livestock, fuel, mineral ores and general freight the most common. Their cost-effective transport has played a significant part in the economic development of remote areas, with some communities totally reliant on a regular service.
Overtaking a road train can be quite difficult. Patience, assistance from the driver, and large amounts of clear road are required. On the unsealed outback roads the road trains create huge amounts of dust that need to be reckoned with when overtaking.[5]
The multiple dog-trailers (defined below) are unhooked, the dollys removed and then connected individually to multiple trucks at "assembly" yards when the road train gets close to populated areas.
When the flat-top trailers of a road train need to be transported empty, it is common practice to stack them. This is commonly referred to as "doubled-up" or "doubling-up."See illustration. Sometimes, if many trailers are required to be moved at the one time, they will be tripled stacked, or "tripled-up."
In Canada, road trains are more commonly referred to as Long Combination Vehicles (LCVs), as Extended Length Vehicles (ELVs), or Energy Efficient Motor Vehicles (EEMVs).
Four types of LCV are permitted; turnpike doubles, triples, rocky mountain doubles, and queen city triples.
Turnpike doubles consist of a tractor unit pulling a semi-trailer (up to 53 feet (16 m) long). An A-type or C-type converter is connected to the rear of the trailer, and carries a second trailer. Alternatively, the lead trailer may have a hideaway fifth wheel, which enables direct coupling of the second trailer without a converter. The total permissible length is 38 m (120 ft).
Triples may be up to 35 m (110 ft) in length when using A or C converters, or 38 m (120 ft) in B-train configuration.
Rocky mountain doubles are limited to 31 m (100 ft) in overall length, but have the advantage of being legal on two-lane, undivided roads. A, B and C-train variants are used. Other LCVs may only be used on divided highways.
Queen city triples consist of a tractor unit pulling one semi-trailer up to 53 feet (16 m) long and two shorter "pup" trailers up to 32 feet (9.8 m) long. Queen city triples are only permitted between the cities of Saskatoon and Regina Saskatchewan. These are the longest combinations allowed in North America on public highways.
Western Canada Edit
British Columbia restricts LCV operation to the Coquihalla highway (formerly a toll road) between Hope and Meritt.
Alberta allows LCV operation on most major highways. The Queen Elizabeth II highway between Calgary and Edmonton carries the majority of turnpike doubles and triples. Theoretically, these vehicles could be used on Highway 16 as far west as Hinton AB and Highway 43 as far north as Valleyview AB, but are rarely used on these routes. LCV operation north and west of Edmonton is limited to rocky mountain doubles, since the road is undivided north of Valleyview. The destination of most rocky mountain doubles is Yellowknife in the Northwest Territories.
The Northwest Territories allows LVCs of up to 31 m (100 ft) in length. These vehicles are restricted to specific destinations in Hay River and Yellowknife. LCVs do not operate north of Yellowknife.
Saskatchewan restricts LCVs to divided highways, but appears to allow them to use undivided sections of those highways.
Licencing of LCV drivers Edit
(Information restricted to Alberta and NWT.) Prospective LCV drivers must have held a licence for legal length articulated vehicles for two years (five years in the North West Territories.). They may have no more than two moving offences recorded within three years and may not have any vehicle-related criminal code violations. They are required to pass a PDIC (professional driver improvement course) every four years. They are required to pull an LCV at least once a year in order to keep their LCV licence.
United States & Europe Edit
In the United States, trucks on public roads are limited to three trailers (in some states only two)[clarification needed], and the term "road train" is not commonly used. Triples are used for long-distance less-than-truckload (LTL) freight hauling (in which case the trailers are shorter than a typical single-unit trailer) or resource hauling in the interior west (such as ore or Construction aggregate). Triples are typically marked with "LONG LOAD" banners both front and rear.
In Finland, Sweden and in Denmark (for a period of three years commencing November 24, 2008),[6] Germany and the Netherlands trucks with trailers are allowed to be 25.25 m (82.8 ft)long, in opposite to the rest of the European Union, except in Norway (19,5m), where they can be only 18.75 m (61.5 ft) long. The trucks have a flat front, a high floor about 1.2 m (3.9 ft) above ground, and cab-over-engine design. The Scandinavian countries are less densely inhabited than the rest of the EU countries and distances especially in Finland and Sweden long, until the late 60s vehicles length was unlimited giving rise to long vehicles for economic goods handling. With heavier traffic this became more of a concern and the lengths where limited, albeit at a more generous level then in the rest of Europe.
Mexico Edit
Mexico allows LCV's consisting of double trailers around 12.5 m (41.0 ft) in length. They must display a sign reading "Precaucion: Doble Semi-remolque" (Caution: Double Semi Trailer) on the rear, indicating that it is a double length trailer in use. Mexico does not place special road restrictions on LCV's than those already in place for conventional tractor-trailers.
Trailer arrangementsEdit
A B-double (B-Train) consists of a prime mover towing a specialised trailer (known as a "lead" or "A"-trailer) that has a fifth-wheel mounted on the rear towing another semi-trailer, resulting in two articulation points.
Same as a B-double but with an additional tow trailer ("lead") behind the prime mover[7]. These are run in most states of Australia where double road trains are allowed. There is an exception, one operator in Victoria has special permission to run B-triples between the Ford Motor Company of Australia Engine Plant in Geelong and the Assembly plant in Broadmeadows.[8]
A C-train is a semi-trailer attached to a fifth-wheel on a C-dolly. The C-dolly is connected to the tractor or another trailer in front of it with two draw-bars, thus eliminating the drawbar connection as an articulation point. One of the axles on a C-dolly is self-steerable to prevent tire scrubbing.
Dog-trailer (Pup trailer)Edit
A dog-trailer (also called a pup) is a trailer that has a converter dolly hooked in front of it, with a single A-frame drawbar that fits in the ringfeder on the rear of the trailer in front, giving the whole unit 3-5 articulation points and very little roll stiffness.
Rules and RegulationsEdit
Interstate Road Transport registrationEdit
In 1991 at a Special Premiers Conference, Australian Heads of Government signed an Inter-governmental Agreement to establish a national heavy vehicle registration, regulation and charging scheme. Otherwise known as FIRS. [9]
Australian road trains have horizontal signs front and back with 180 mm (7.1 in) high black uppercase letters on a reflective yellow background reading "ROAD TRAIN". The sign(s) must have a black border and be at least 1.02 m (3.3 ft) long and 220 mm (8.7 in) high and be placed between 500 mm (20 in) and 1.8 m (5.9 ft) above the ground on the fore or rearmost surface of the unit.
Converter dollys must have a sign affixed horizontally to the rearmost point, complying to the same conditions, reading "LONG VEHICLE". This is required for when a dolly is towed behind a trailer.
Combination LengthsEdit
- B-Double- 26 m (85 ft) max.
- B-Triple- 33.5 m (110 ft) max.
- Pocket road train- 27.5 m (90 ft) max. This configuration is classed as a "Long Vehicle".
- Double road train- 36.5 m (120 ft) max.
- Triple and AB-Quad road trains- 53.5 m (180 ft) max.
Operating WeightsEdit
Operational weights are based on axle group masses, as follows:
- Single axle- 6.0 t (13,000 lb)
- Tandem axle grouping- 16.5 t (36,400 lb)
- Tri axle grouping- 20.0 t (44,100 lb)
Therefore, a B-Double would weigh 62.5 t (138,000 lb) (6 + 16.5 + 20 + 20). A double road train would have an operational weight (without concessions) of 79 t (174,000 lb) (6 + 16.5 + 20 + 16.5 + 20). A triple is 79 t + 36.5 (16.5 + 20), giving an all up weight of 115.5 t (255,000 lb). Quads weigh in at 135.5 t (299,000 lb). Concessional weight additions (1 - 2.5 t per group) can see a quad end up weighing 149 t (328,000 lb). If a tri-drive prime mover is utilised, along with tri-axle dollys, weights can reach nearly 170 t (375,000 lb).
Speed LimitsEdit
The Australian national heavy vehicle speed limit is 100 km/h, excepting:
- NSW and Queensland, where the speed limit for any road train is 90 km/h.
In western Canada, LCVs are restricted to 100 km/h, or the posted speed limit. Trucks of legal length (<25 metres) may travel at the posted speed limit.
World's longest road trainsEdit
|This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009)
In the early 1990s, a few transport operators at Bourke, New South Wales got 30 trailers together for something to do on a quiet weekend. That was the first record to be set. It was towed by a Mack SuperLiner.
In 1999 the town of Merredin, Western Australia officially made it into the Guinness Book of Records, when Marleys Transport made a successful attempt on the record for the world's longest road train. The record was created when 45 trailers, driven by Greg Marley, weighing 603 t (1,330,000 lb) and measuring 610 m (2,000 ft) were pulled by a Kenworth 8x10 K100G for 8 km.
On October 19, 2000, Doug Gould set the first of his records[10] at Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, when a roadtrain made up of 79 trailers, measuring 1,018.2 m (3,341 ft) and weighing 1,072.3 t (2,364,000 lb), was pulled by a Kenworth C501T driven by Steven Matthews a distance of 8 km.
On March 29, 2003, the record was surpassed near Mungindi, New South Wales, by a road train consisting of 87 trailers and a single prime mover (measuring 1,235.3 m (4,053 ft) in length).
The record returned to Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, on October 17, 2004, when Doug Gould assembled 100 trailers for a total length of 1,442 m (4,731 ft). The record nearly didn't fall, as the first prime mover's main driveshaft broke when taking off. A second truck was quickly made available, and pulled the train a distance of 1 mi (1,600 m).
In 2006, a truck with 112 semi-trailers (at a length of 1,479.3 m (4,853 ft)) claimed a new record at Clifton, Queensland, pulled by a tri-drive Mack Titan.
See also Edit
- Air brake (road vehicle)
- Brake
- Dolly (trailer)
- Fifth wheel coupling
- Glossary Index of terminology
- Jackknifing
- Ringfeder coupling devices
- Road transport in Australia
- Rolling highway; freight trucks by rail
- Semi-trailer truck; this article covers large trucks such as road trains and articulated lorries
- Trackless train
- Transport
- ↑ States that Allow Longer Combination Vehicles
- ↑ View From The North - Episode Four: Roads North
- ↑ BBC Worldwide Limited, Jeremy Clarkson's Motorworld, Australian episode
- ↑ Hema Maps (Firm) & Martin, Ray. & Martin, Will. (2007), Australia truckies atlas cartographic material : the complete atlas for the professional driver / Hema Maps ; cartography, Ray Martin and Will Martin - ISBN 978-1-865004-26-6 ISBN 1-865004-26-X - has state by state routes and route restrictions I
- ↑ Road Train passing through Warri Warri Gate at the Dingo Fence, NSW
- ↑ Press release from the office of the Secretary of Transportation
- ↑ http://www.ntc.gov.au/filemedia/bulletins/btriples.pdf
- ↑ http://www.theage.com.au/national/victorian-councils-want-no-truck-with-btriple-monsters-20081019-5403.html
- ↑ Interstate Road Transport Charge Amendment Bill 1998 (Bills Digest 192 1997-98)
- ↑ http://www.gouldtransport.com.au/world_records.html
External linksEdit
- Australian Road Train Association
- Australian National Heavy Vehicles Accreditation Scheme.
- Northern Territory Road Train road safety TV commercials.
- South Australian Roads road train gazette
- NSW Roads and Traffic Authority road train operators gazette
- NSW Roads and Traffic Authority Restricted Access Vehicles route map index
- NSW Roads and Traffic Authority Reflective sign standards
- U.S. department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Chapter VII, Safety.
- The U.S. Department of Transportation's Western Uniformity Scenario Analysis.
- British Columbia Government Licensing Buletin 6
- British Columbia Government Licensing Buletin 41
- Roadmap of techologies able to halve energy use per passenger mile includes the dynamically coupled, heterogeneous type of roadtrain
- Road trains and electrification of transport
|This page uses some content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Road train. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Tractor & Construction Plant Wiki, the text of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons by Attribution License and/or GNU Free Documentation License. Please check page history for when the original article was copied to Wikia


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Extremely friendly staff and they provided great services during our pre-wedding photography.
MOCO have delivered good service - they were patient with us and most of all, their packages was worthy of what we had to pay. Most importantly, the charges are clear and there were no hidden cost!
We had a great deal of fun during the pre-wedding shoot in Cameron Highlands. Cheryl and Sharon (my makeup artist) were professional but also fun and friendly. Easy going and accommodative. Five star service!


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Finding this was fun - but with an anti-climax. The coordinates that I had for it were some 50m out and it appeared that we needed to penetrate a dense thorn hedge to reach it. As I got to the top corner of the field I peered into the hedgerow and there it was!
It is actually in the hedge where the four fields meet and almost invisible. This is a real shame as it looks like a very nice stone. It is very slender, about 2m tall and rises nicely to a point. Shame you can't see it.
Click Thumbnail to View Full Size Image
This is an explanation of (and a bit of a disclaimer for) the coordinates I provide.
Where a GPS figure is given this is the master for all other coordinates. According to my Garmin these are quite accurate.
Where there is no GPS figure the 6 figure grid reference is master for the others. This may not be very accurate as it could have come from the OS maps and could have been read by eye. Consequently, all other cordinates are going to have inaccuracies.
The calculation of Longitude and Latitude uses an algorithm that is not 100% accurate. The long/lat figures are used as a basis for calculating the UTM & ITM coordinates. Consequently, UTM & ITM coordinates are slightly out.
UTM is a global coordinate system - Universal Transverse Mercator - that is at the core of the GPS system.
ITM is the new coordinate system - Irish Transverse Mercator - that is more accurate and more GPS friendly than the Irish Grid Reference system. This will be used on the next generation of Irish OS maps.


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The temperatures here have quickly began to drop at night here on the home front. As soon as they do, my first thoughts are of the upcoming holiday events to come! I get excited for taking my son trick or treating, for cooking Thanksgiving dinners and for gathering together to celebrate Christmas. My next thoughts are to the holiday gifts I will need to get for all of my friends and family members. Then, I begin to feel a bit hot at how far begin I already am!
However, I wanted to share something I did last year to help me not only get great gifts for everyone I love, but also helped me save money along the way. In year's past, I have always been one to purchase all of my gifts from the stores during the month of December. However, last year, I was a bit more diligent at shopping the sales racks in stores and online in order to get a better gift for a reduced price.
Along my shopping journeys online, I discover eBates.com. This website is a shoppers best friend! It allows you to receive extra rebates in the form of a check. Here is how it works:
1. Head to eBates.com here and sign up for an account.
2. Find the store you want to make a purchase from through eBates.com.
3. Follow the link to the store from the eBates.com account.
4. Make your purchase as usual through the store's web site. Be sure to use any store coupons or discounts you may have as those are still good even though you are using eBates!
5. Once a month receive a check from eBates.com.
It really is that easy and WORKS! I really was skeptical but found it simple and dependable. I have made many a purchase throughout the year using eBates.com. In fact, when in a store, I often decide to instead purchase the item online from a place such as Target.com so I can receive my rebate at eBates.com PLUS, I have a Target Red Card and receive free shipping AND an extra 5% off of the purchase! Always important to combine savings to get the best price possible. EBates.com makes it simple!
Be sure to check out all of the Strategies for Paying for Disney here and leave us your very own strategy on the form.


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I am a User Experience (Ux) researcher with a background in psychology, currently post-doc researcher at Fondazione Bruno Kessler – FBK. I received my PhD in Cognitive Science from CIMeC – Center for Mind/Brain Science – University of Trento (Italy) and my MSc in Experimental Psychology from the University of Padova (Italy).
You can contact me at:
gschiavo [at] fbk.eu
(my FBK webpage)
04/19 – Long paper accepted at Communities & Technology 2019 about new forms of collaborative childcare in the workplace
03/19 – Brief intervention on Rai Radio3 Scienza (national radio channel) on technology and inclusion at school (link)
03/19 – I took part at The Kids Want Mobile conference at Bologna's Children Book Fair
01/19 – New article on decision-making in the workplace published in the journal of New Technology, Work and Employment
01/17 – Working on EIT Digital project on a Decision Support Systems for migrants' inclusion in labour market
12/18 – We have a new paper accepted at CHI 2019 on parents' and children's experience with proximity detection devices for independent mobility (and it received an Honorable Mention!)
12/18 – In Dublin at the International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling (ICIDS)
09/18 – Mentoring at the UX Challenge in Trento!
05/18 – At AVI 2018 for presenting our work on technology for sustainable school transportation and attending the workshop on Cultures of Participation in the Digital Age (CoPDA 2018)
04/18 – I started to work on a new H2020 project Families_Share that explores technology for facilitating work/life balance and mutual support for childcare among colleagues
12/17 – At Helsinki for the closing meeting of EIT Trusted Cloud project, and for the AI Day at Aalto University
11/17 – We have a poster on mid-air gestures and speech-based interaction for older adults at MUM 2017
09/17 – New course on Prototyping Interactive Systems at University of Trento
09/17 – While at Vienna for MobileHCI 2017, I was invited to a smartathon on "Mobilitizing the digital city"
04/17 – Working on a new project on enabling digital storytelling for conflict resolution
03/17 – Paper accepted at MobileHCI on crowd work for pro-environmental tasks
01/17 – Working on EIT Digital project on Cloud Security
12/16 – Teaching assistant for Prototyping Interactive Interfaces (HCI MSc course) at University of Trento
11/16 – Our book on technology support for students with learning disabilities (in Italian) is freely available at this link
10/16 – Presenting our poster on technology for students with learning disabilities at Congresso Nazionale AIRIPA
05/16 – Joining the Symposium on Challenges and Experiences in Designing for an Ageing Society at COOP'16
01/16 – Working at ECOMODE project: multimodal interaction for older adults
12/15 – Paper on ambient influence and brainstorming accepted in the International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (link)
11/15 – Demo accepted at MUM'15 (Linz, AT). Come to meet Gary!
10/15 – Contributing to the European Dyslexia Awareness Week in Trento
09/15 – We have a paper at INTERACT 2015
05/15 – I defended my PhD and I am now a post-doc in FBK 😉
03/15 – At Bologna Children's Book Fair
02/15 – At the World Information Architecture Day in Bologna
12/14 – Article at the European conference on Ambient Intelligence (AmI '15)
11/14 – In Rome for the SIS-RRI conference on Responsible Research and Innovation in Europe
10/14 – We have a poster at NordiCHI "Formative Evaluation of a Constrained Composition Approach for Storytelling"
09/14 – Our paper on measuring engagement in video-game players is accepted for publication in the international journal Intelligenza Artificiale
06/14 – Discussing how to design interactive eBooks for readers with dyslexia at iBooc Workshop
06/14 – Participating at IDC14 – Interaction Design with Children in Aarhus (DK)
02/14 – I am a visiting PhD Student at TU Berlin for 4 months, working with Jörg Müller and his group!
11/13 – Full conference paper accepted to IUI 2014


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For several months now, I have had a recurring dream. In the dream, I live in a world where there is no word for this emotion that we on earth call LOVE. In this alternate universe of my dreamscape, it is impossible to go up to someone and say, "I love you." The word doesn't exist. You can only show… Read More
How Do You WANT to Feel?
Learning to manage your emotions is a life-long practice. Don't expect overnight success.
The Zen of Creation
"Don't seek, don't search, don't ask, don't knock, don't demand – relax. If you relax, it comes. If you relax, it is there. If you relax, you start vibrating with it." ~Osho I am an artist. A life where I am not creating—new words, new art, new recipes, new gardens, new photography—is frankly unthinkable. I don't spend time (anymore) wondering… Read More


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June 27, 2012
* Painting Complete - I think .....
She won't disclose her real name. She tells me this one "Guardian of the Night" is a trick name and she wants me to guess. We obviously will have to have chats. I completed her with jewels as requested. Some vintage garnets which I strung together and put bead caps on. Two vintage brass scarabs hold them to her head piece. In ancient Egypt scarabs were used as a talisman and a symbol of the soul. A small crown encrusted with rhinestones grace the ear which is visible. The bells she requested around the lambs neck are East Indian dancing bells, the kind they wear on their wrists and ankles.
Here she is "Who Knows Her Name" ... lol
Thank you so much for all your lovely comments and concerns. Little by little, I will be back. It will take some time to get back to my normal pace. xxoo
"What you seek is seeking you."
― Rumi
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June 24, 2012
Guardian of the Night
Almost complete. I really got inspired today and couldn't put my paintbrush down. It was hard to get started, I felt so flat, but once I got going I couldn't stop. She has confided her name which is "Guardian of the Night". She wants jewelry and real earrings and bells on the lamb. That's for tomorrow. For now, here's where we are.
The bird is not complete, and of course, the jewelry is not attached - perhaps tomorrow.
Thanks for all your wonderful comments, and your e-mails - so good to hear from you. It seems like it would be an easy thing to go 'round and visit each one of you leaving comments - but somehow it's not. I can hardly do what I'm doing - so a little more patience would be so appreciated.
Thank you so much for your loving support. It means the world. I don't have the energy to look for a quote tonight - so please bear with me for a little while longer. Take care. xxoo
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June 20, 2012
* Lost Blogger Found ....
Before anything else I want to say a heart felt thank you to all of you who emailed, sent cards and letters, phoned and sent gifts. It certainly kept my spirits up even though it didn't seem to help me be able to actually do anything.
I've missed you all, and to those I was unable to answer, I'm so sorry. The energy just simply wasn't there. It was like someone pulled the plug and drained all the water out.
I've been trying to keep myself amused with "Book of Days" which has been good, because it's smaller pages. This week, however, I had the urge to paint on the BIG painting --- YEAH. I made quite a bit of progress this week, but get tired so quickly. Habibi and I do a lot of napping.
Won't be blogging almost daily like I used to, but in the beginning I'm hoping to be able to get something on the page once in a while. I'll also try and get around to see you all in the next couple of days/weeks/months/ (who knows for sure). :o) I've surely missed you LOTS.
So, here's what I'm working on at the moment. Not a very good photo, I couldn't get the light right. Still lots of work to be done. She has hardly spoken to me at all. Told me there was to be a lamb in her arms and something muttered about 'mysteries of the night'. Other than that - I know nothing!
Thanks so much for sticking it out with me. Thanks for dropping by and most of all for caring. You have become true friends.
Kahlil Gibran
Friendship is always a sweet responsibility, never an opportunity.
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Shadow inventory measures the amount of distressed property that will eventually sell into the market
Shadow inventory is an estimate of the supply of distressed homes that are in foreclosure or 90-days delinquent but are not yet bank-owned. It's an estimate of the number of homes that are coming up for sale in the next year. Real estate owned (REO) isn't counted because those homes are usually already for sale. Analysts will focus on shadow inventory in order to gauge supply going forward. Distressed supply will put a damper on pricing as the discount for a property in foreclosure is around 18%, and the discount for a short sale is in the low to mid teens. Distressed sales put in low comparables (comps) which reduces the value of the properties around them.
Shadow inventory so far has been the dog that didn't bark
Although the shadow inventory has fallen pretty far from its heights, it's nowhere near normalcy. Pre-bubble, the typical shadow inventory level was about 1 million units. Shadow inventory peaked at 5.4 million units in Q110, and has been falling steadily ever since; it ended 2012 with 3.7 million units.
Real estate market watchers have been confounded by the current market, where supply is constrained in the face of high shadow inventory. Part of the reason for this has been a divergence between the judicial states, where a judge has to approve a foreclosure, and the non-judicial states, where no judge means faster timelines. For non-judicial states, the foreclosure pipeline has been largely dealt with and prices are rising at a fast pace. For judicial states (New York and New Jersey especially), the pipeline is still full and prices have been more or less stagnant.
Many investors had raised capital for the huge flood of supply that never materialized. Many hedge fund managers who started their careers in the late '80s with the Resolution Trust Corp were waiting for the government to force banks to sell their underwater mortgages, which never happened. Instead, the government forced banks to hold off foreclosures, which may have temporarily held up prices, but elongated the process. Many of those investors have ended up in the rental business, where they pay cash for distressed properties and rent them out.
Impact on homebuilders
Increased foreclosure activity affects homebuilders, like KB Home (KBH), Toll Brothers (TOL), PulteGroup (PHM), Meritage (MTH), and Lennar (LEN), by depressing real estate prices and competing with new homes. Lower home prices mean lower average selling prices for builders, appraisal difficulties, and a glut of foreclosures resulting in lower sales. So the slow drop in shadow inventory is good news for homebuilders. For homebuilders in non-judicial states, shadow inventory isn't really going to affect them. For homebuilders in judicial states, another year of sluggish pricing may be on the horizon until shadow inventory is worked off.


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Confession: I went through a 3-month stint when I wore my hair in a high side ponytail when I was 7 years old. (Proof here.) Maybe it was a result of watching too much Full House, but I just thought a high side ponytail was the coolest thing ever. (#coolkid4lyfe #canttouchthis)
I found this sequin dress and these glitter flats at Crossroads on the same day, so of course I had to do something '80s with it.
Dress & shoes Crossroads Trading Co.
Tights Hue
Bracelet Hand-me-down from my aunt
Now I'm off to watch Sixteen Candles! Or Pretty in Pink! Or Clueless! Or any other '80s movie. I'll take more '80s movies recommendations too. 🙂
PS. Who else had that quote from Mean Girls, "That's why her hair is so big, it's full of secrets" in their head when they read the title of this post? Anyone, anyone? Or just me?
click here for more of my outfits.


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Sergi Brosa is a Spanish concept artist and illustrator who works mostly as a freelancer and on comission pieces. Why a comic publisher or video game studio doesn't have him on their books escapes me, because Sergi's stuff is insane.
Be sure to scroll to the last image. Then...keep scrolling. If you can.
You can see more of his work at his DeviantArt page.
To see the larger pics in all their glory (or, if they're big enough, so you can save them as wallpaper), click on the "expand" button in the bottom-right corner.
Fine Art is a celebration of the work of video game artists, showcasing the best of both their professional and personal portfolios. If you're in the business and have some concept, environment, promotional or character art you'd like to share, drop us a line!


text: Greetings Creeps, Looks like our groups have finally met up. The makings of something epic are afoot. Maybe that's why Fausto is smiling? Next week, the stakes are raises. Stay Creepy My Friends! Share this:Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Related


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Rotary Club of Springfield, Making a difference for Garfield Elementary School
Posted By wpadmin
Rotary club of Springfield members supply donations to the Garfield Elementary. Club members donated school supplies such as Composition Notebooks, pencils, glue sticks, markers, crayons, post it notes etc..
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Trust the Care of Your Trees to Our Certified Arborist
For more than 35 years, property owners have trusted the expertise of our Certified Arborist at Raritan Valley Tree Service to maintain their trees in optimal health.
One way Raritan Valley Tree Service in New Brunswick, NJ distinguishes itself from other tree service contractors in Middlesex County, NJ, Somerset County, NJ, and nearby communities is by having a Certified Arborist on staff who advises and supervises our crews. Our Certified Arborist has undergone advanced specialized training in all aspects of the cultivation and care of trees. In addition, in order to receive certification arborists must pass a rigorous examination developed by an international group of the most respected expert arborists. Furthermore, all Certified Arborists must meet stringent continuing education requirements.
Remember, the healthier your trees are, the more value they add to your property's resale value. Optimize the health of your trees by trusting their care to our Certified Arborist at Raritan Valley Tree Service.
Certified Arborist Tree Services in Middlesex and Somerset Counties
Since tree work tends to be hazardous, Certified Arborists also receive training and evaluation of their knowledge of the latest safety best practice and their ability to use these recommended protocols in the field. At Raritan Valley Tree Service, our Certified Arborist is well-versed in the local codes and ordinances pertaining to tree work, which significant decrease the risk of delays to your project due to remedying any code violations. At Raritan Valley Tree Service, we are committed to staying on budget and on schedule when providing top quality tree services in Somerset County, NJ, Middlesex County, NJ, and surrounding areas.
Some examples of the tree services offered or supervised by our Certified Arborist include:
- Tree pruning and trimming
- Tree removal
- Tree planting
- Consultation
- Tree health care
- Tree risk assessments
Enhance the beauty of your trees and extend their lives by scheduling arborist-led tree services by calling Raritan Valley Tree Service at (732) 422-0351 today!


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American Family Owned & Operated for 4 Generations!
FREE SHIPPING On All Online Orders Over $250** In the Continental US **Exclusions Apply
Most items shown are in stock however, merchandise availability is subject to change on a daily basis. If any of your selections are not in stock a sales associate will contact you as soon as your order is received. Feel free to contact us with any questions regarding back order status or to search for a pattern you don't see online.
|Accent Chair
|Arm Chair
|Arm Chair
|Bench Seat Settee
|Cocktail Ottoman on Casters
|Curved Seat Ottoman
|Decorative Chair
|Double Bench
|English Armed Sofa on Casters
|High Back Side Chair
|High Back Swivel Chair
|High-Back Tub Chair
|Large Round Tufted Ottoman
|Leather Chair
|Leather Chair
|Leather Cocktail Ottoman
|Leather Drum Ottoman
|Leather Lounge Chair
|Leather Tufted Tub Chair
|Leather Wing Back Chair
|Long Rectangular Tufted Bench
|Loose-Cushion Side Chair
|Lounge Chair
|Multi-Pillow Back Sofa
|Multi-Pillow Back Sofa w/ Track Arm
|Open Box Ottoman
|Open Rectangular Ottoman
|Pillow-Backed Sofa w/ Bench Seat
|Plush Rectangular Tufted Ottoman
|Plush Sofa
|Rolled Back Sofa with Bench Seat
|Round Tufted Skirted Ottoman
|Rounded Corner, Tufted Back Sofa
|Short Tufted Tub Chair
|Side Chair
|Side Chair w/ Pillow Back
|Side Chair w/ Tufted Back
|Slipcovered Campaign Bar Stool
|Slipcovered Chair
|Slipcovered Chair
|Slipcovered Dining Chair
|Slipcovered Sofa
|Slipcovered Sofa
|Slipcovered Swivel Chair
|Swivel Chair
|Swivel Chair
|Swivel Chair
|Swivel Glider
|Swivel Glider
|Table Ottoman
|Table Ottoman
|Tight-Back Side Chair
|Tufted Back Dining Chair
|Tufted Cocktail Ottoman
|Tufted Cocktail Ottoman
|Tufted Leather Chair
|Tufted Roll Back Sofa w/ Casters
|Tufted-Back Sofa
|Tufted-Back, Bench Seat Sofa on Casters
|Winged Back Loveseat
|X-Leg Ottoman
|2 Cushion Sofa
|2-Cushion, Track Arm Sofa w/ Skirt
|3 Seat Sofa
|3-Cushioned Sofa w/ Rolled Arms